THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Age Cohort of Respondent 1948-2008 '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Born 1991 or later - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28 Born 1975-1990 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 5 6 12 14 17 21 29 Born 1959-1974 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 7 10 16 19 22 30 30 33 34 31 32 36 30 26 Born 1943-1958 - - - - - - - 2 7 10 17 28 34 36 39 37 37 37 38 36 32 32 31 30 30 29 27 28 14 Born 1927-1942 9 8 7 18 21 21 28 33 31 32 31 27 23 23 25 23 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 13 16 3 Born 1911-1926 22 39 48 41 39 38 34 34 32 31 27 25 24 24 21 22 24 19 17 16 16 15 12 11 10 8 6 5 0 Born 1895-1910 46 30 33 26 26 27 25 22 22 21 21 16 16 15 10 11 8 8 5 6 3 3 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Born before 1895 24 22 13 15 15 14 13 9 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 654 1773 1132 1742 1822 1950 1290 1566 1280 1552 1476 2688 2487 2850 2294 1612 1416 2232 2173 2037 1980 2488 1795 1707 1267 1800 1503 1212 2280 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1A.1 Source: The American National Election Studies This question is variable VCF0103 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Gender of Respondent 1948-2008 '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Male 46 46 47 45 47 45 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 44 43 45 44 44 43 45 46 48 46 46 44 44 49 45 Female 54 54 53 55 53 55 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 56 57 55 56 56 57 55 54 52 54 54 56 56 51 55 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 659 1799 1139 1762 1822 1954 1297 1571 1291 1557 1507 2705 2523 2870 2304 1614 1418 2257 2176 2040 1980 2488 1795 1714 1281 1807 1511 1212 2322 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1A.2 Source: The American National Election Studies This question is variable VCF0104 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Race of Respondent 1948-2008 '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 White 91 90 90 91 90 90 91 89 88 89 89 87 88 84 86 83 84 79 77 76 75 77 78 72 74 74 75 70 74 Black 9 10 9 8 9 9 9 10 11 10 10 10 9 10 10 12 11 11 15 13 13 13 12 14 12 13 12 16 12 Asian - - - - - - - - - - - 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 3 Native American - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 3 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 3 2 4 1 Hispanic - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 2 2 3 3 6 5 6 7 6 6 8 9 7 8 8 9 Other 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 645 1795 1130 1762 1822 1954 1296 1571 1291 1557 1507 2704 2505 2846 2293 1612 1413 2248 2174 2033 1979 2460 1765 1708 1274 1767 1503 1204 2313 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1A.3 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: SEE ANNOTATION DESCRIBING SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN CODING BEGINNING 1972. NOTE: In all NES studies prior to 2002, race was identified by interviewer observation (note: codes White/Black/Other were the only categories available in earlier years; codes for Asian/Pacific Islander, Native American and Hispanic were added later). Prior to 1972, the variable for interviewer observation of race provided the only data about race of study respondents, and that variable is represented in this Guide table for those years. However, beginning in 1972, respondents have also been asked for ethnic self-identification. A newer Cumulative Data File race variable used here includes interviewer observation race data for years 1948-1970 but reclassifies that coding of race for 1972-1998 respondents who were observed as White or Other if their primary (first) mention for ethnic self- identification was an Asian/Pacific Islander, Native American, Hispanic or Black mention. (These reclassifications of race from specific mentions for ethnic/national self-identification are in conformity with available Census definitions.) For the 2000 study, although interviewer observation of race was obtained for personal interviews, it was not utilized in the construction of the newer Cumulative Data File race variable used in this table. 2000 respondents had also been asked to self-identify their own racial group, followed by the same ethnic self-identification asked since 1972. 2000 respondents with a primary (first) mention for race which was not Black, Asian, Native American, or Hispanic were reclassified for race from primary ethnic self-identification in the same manner as for 1972-1998. In 2002, the ethnicity question was not asked and this variable was coded from the racial self-identification mentions. Since order of mentions was not determined, combined mention of white and other racial group has been recoded to the nonwhite racial group. In the 2004 and 2008 studies, interviewer observation for race was not ; obtained; respondent race has been identified from primary (first) mention for race and from primary ethnic self-identification in the same manner as in 2000. This question is variable VCF0106A in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Education of Respondent 1948-2008 '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 44 41 37 31 31 30 28 25 26 23 25 20 18 17 12 12 11 11 9 10 10 8 6 5 6 4 4 5 2 High School Diploma 40 44 46 50 49 48 48 51 50 50 51 51 51 50 53 51 46 48 48 48 50 46 49 47 44 44 44 41 41 Some College, no Degree 15 8 12 11 10 12 12 13 14 14 13 16 17 18 19 21 24 25 23 22 21 23 25 27 28 28 28 29 29 College Degree/ Post-grad - 6 6 8 10 10 12 11 10 13 12 13 14 15 16 16 19 17 20 20 19 23 20 22 23 24 24 26 28 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 658 1790 1135 1754 1802 1949 1291 1562 1285 1552 1500 2702 2496 2854 2292 1610 1413 2243 2152 2003 1947 2423 1761 1712 1275 1799 1499 1212 2311 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1A.4 Source: The American National Election Studies 1948 NOTE: A single category represented all respondents who had attended college at all; all such respondents have been recoded to "Some College" here. This question is variable VCF0110 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Occupation of Respondent 1952-2004 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Professional 15 ** 16 18 16 ** 19 ** 20 21 20 22 21 25 25 25 24 26 26 24 28 26 29 29 32 ** 30 White Collar 11 ** 10 11 14 ** 13 ** 14 14 15 16 17 16 18 20 23 21 22 20 21 22 21 23 24 ** 25 Blue Collar 20 ** 25 30 32 ** 30 ** 31 31 32 34 34 35 35 33 34 35 34 37 34 36 37 32 31 ** 31 Unskilled 11 ** 6 3 2 ** 2 ** 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 ** 3 Farmers 7 ** 6 5 6 ** 5 ** 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 1 2 ** 2 Housewives 36 ** 36 34 30 ** 31 ** 30 28 28 23 22 20 16 17 13 13 12 12 11 10 8 13 9 ** 8 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1774 1747 1803 1913 1544 1500 1472 2608 2422 2757 2224 1534 1364 2187 2093 1971 1915 2369 1696 1640 1142 1716 1168 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1A.5 Source: The American National Election Studies 2008 NOTE: Open-ended text for occupation has not yet been coded for 2008; a revision of open-end master codes was initiated as part of the 2008 study. NOTE: Retired persons have former occupation represented; in 1972-1976, if retirees are also working, and if current job is related to former occupation, then current job is represented. This question is variable VCF0115 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Household Union Membership 1948-2008 '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Union Household 23 27 28 27 25 27 ** 24 28 25 24 26 26 23 26 26 21 21 20 19 17 16 18 18 17 15 18 19 13 Non-Union Household 77 73 72 73 75 73 ** 76 72 75 76 74 74 77 74 74 79 79 80 81 83 84 82 82 83 85 82 81 87 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 643 1781 1124 1757 1812 1922 1567 1282 1552 1488 2674 2466 2842 2290 1601 1407 2249 2165 2029 1969 2474 1793 1707 1273 1794 1501 1204 2312 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1A.6 Source: The American National Election Studies This question is variable VCF0127 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Region of Respondent 1952-2008 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 South 24 ** 25 25 26 28 23 23 25 27 26 28 25 28 29 30 29 32 32 31 32 34 36 34 32 32 31 41 Nonsouth 76 ** 75 75 74 72 77 77 75 73 74 72 75 72 71 70 71 68 68 69 69 66 64 66 68 68 69 59 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1899 1762 1822 1954 1297 1571 1291 1557 1507 2705 2523 2870 2304 1614 1418 2257 2176 2040 1980 2488 1795 1714 1281 1807 1511 1212 2322 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1A.7 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: South is defined as the 11 former Confederate states: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. This definition of 'South' differs from the Census-defined region. This question is variable VCF0113 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Respondent's Social Class, Self-Identification 1956-2008 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Average Working 52 52 - ** - 47 44 44 44 43 43 42 41 42 42 - 42 45 42 42 ** ** 39 ** 38 41 Working, NA Avg. or Upper 2 1 67 ** 59 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 51 2 1 2 1 ** ** 1 ** 1 1 Upper Working 9 7 - ** - 10 10 9 10 11 9 10 10 10 9 - 9 8 8 8 ** ** 8 ** 8 10 Average Middle 30 30 - ** - 30 33 35 35 34 34 36 37 36 38 - 35 36 36 37 ** ** 38 ** 37 39 Middle, NA Avg. or Upper 0 1 33 ** 41 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 49 2 1 1 1 ** ** 1 ** 1 0 Upper Middle 7 9 - ** - 8 11 10 9 10 11 11 10 9 10 - 11 9 10 12 ** ** 13 ** 15 10 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1694 1755 1861 1499 1247 1495 1452 2614 2384 2745 2206 1501 1354 2173 2081 1938 1921 2394 1740 1721 1150 2149 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1A.8 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Most people say they belong either to the middle class or the working class. Do you ever think of yourself as belonging in one of these classes?" (IF YES:) "Which one?" / (IF NO:) "Well, if you had to make a choice, would you call yourself middle class or working class?" (IF MIDDLE CLASS/WORKING CLASS:) "Would you say that you are about average middle/working class or that you are in the upper part of the middle/working class?" NOTE: In 1960,1964 and 1986, the final question was not asked and all responses in these 3 years have been coded middle or working class 'NA average or upper.' This question is variable VCF0148A in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Income of Respondent's Family 1948-2008 '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 0-16 Percentile 10 20 21 16 16 15 22 19 20 16 15 19 16 14 17 17 17 15 17 19 18 15 17 16 15 14 ** 16 15 17-33 Percentile 17 16 13 22 21 18 8 18 9 21 15 12 16 19 18 16 17 18 15 13 16 18 15 17 18 25 ** 18 17 34-67 Percentile 28 23 31 31 28 28 42 26 33 31 32 37 40 31 31 36 30 35 36 35 31 30 35 37 34 30 ** 30 39 68-95 Percentile 32 37 28 23 31 34 23 29 32 27 34 27 25 30 27 25 28 26 27 30 31 31 30 25 26 26 ** 23 23 96-100 Percentile 13 4 7 8 3 5 5 7 6 5 4 5 4 5 7 5 8 6 4 3 4 5 4 5 8 5 ** 11 7 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 655 1747 1096 1699 1743 1931 1229 1509 1246 1507 1450 2612 2363 2651 2000 1424 1253 1990 1985 1862 1792 2283 1649 1559 1215 1493 1055 2169 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1A.9 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: Income percentile categories were constructed from NES survey data for family income. For each study year, the survey variable's original codes describing income ranges, was approximated as closely as possible to fit within this percentage group version. Note that prior to 1972, an estimate of the current year's income was given by the respondent; in all later years, the respondent's estimate of income was for previous year. This question is variable VCF0114 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Religion of Respondent (1), 4 categories 1948-2008 '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Protestant 70 72 75 73 74 74 74 70 71 72 71 69 68 65 63 63 65 62 65 65 59 59 57 58 51 55 56 55 58 Catholic 21 22 19 21 21 20 20 22 22 22 19 24 22 25 24 23 22 26 24 24 25 24 25 26 31 27 27 25 19 Jewish 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 Other and None 5 3 3 3 2 2 3 5 4 4 7 5 8 8 10 10 11 10 10 10 14 15 17 14 16 16 15 17 22 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 657 1787 1138 1759 1818 1827 1295 1570 1280 1540 1502 2695 2500 2854 2283 1598 1409 2244 2154 2031 1964 2473 1767 1698 1268 1781 1496 1195 2311 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1B.1a Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1952-1964: "Is your Church (1962: religious) preference Protestant, Catholic or Jewish?" 1966-1968: "Are you Protestant, Catholic or Jewish?" 1970-1988,2002: "Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, or something else?" 1990 and later (exc. 2002): (IF R ATTENDS RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) "Do you mostly attend a place of worship that is Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish or what?" (IF R DOESN'T ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) "Regardless of whether you now attend any religious services do you ever think of yourself as part of a particular church or denomination?" (IF YES:) "Do you consider yourself Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish or what?" NOTE: Beginning in 1990, this is recoded from the full summary created to represent an expanded religion battery. In 1990 additional questions were added to further specify denomination/religion of the respondents initially indicated as Protestant or Other (see Question Text for Table 1B.1c). In 1990 and later only, questions about religious affiliation were preceded by the religious attendance question. This change has had some effect on distributions: see an increase in the proportion 'Other and None.' This question is variable VCF0128 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Religion of Respondent (2), 7 categories 1960-1988 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 Mainline Protestant 45 ** 40 41 39 36 37 33 34 32 33 32 32 31 31 Evangelical Protestant 29 ** 29 29 31 32 30 33 29 28 29 31 29 32 33 Catholic 20 ** 22 22 22 19 24 22 25 24 23 22 26 24 24 Jewish 3 ** 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 Non-traditional, Orthodox 1 ** 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 2 1 Non-Christian/Non-Jewish 1 ** 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 None 1 ** 4 3 3 7 4 7 6 9 9 9 8 8 9 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1827 1570 1280 1540 1499 2695 2500 2854 2283 1598 1402 2237 2153 2026 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1B.1b Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1960-1964: "Is your Church (1962: religious) preference Protestant, Catholic or Jewish?" 1966-1968: "Are you Protestant, Catholic or Jewish?" 1970-1988,2002: "Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, or something else?" 1960-1970: (IF PROTESTANT:) "What church is that, Baptist, Methodist or what?" 1972-1988,2002: (IF PROTESTANT:) "What church or denomination is that? 1972-1988: (IF PROTESTANT AND BAPTIST:) Is that Southern Baptist or something else?" NOTE: The religion series was modified in 1990. See notes 1B.1a. This question is variable VCF0128A in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Religion of Respondent (3), 8 categories 1990-1996 '90 '92 '94 '96 Mainline Protestant 24 24 24 22 Evangelical Protestant 33 32 31 33 Black Protestant Church 1 1 1 1 Catholic 25 24 24 26 Jewish 2 2 2 2 Non-traditional, Orthodox 1 2 3 2 Non-Christian/Non-Jewish 0 1 1 1 None 13 14 14 13 ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1964 2473 729 1698 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1B.1c Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1990-later:(IF R ATTENDS RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) "Do you mostly attend a place of worship that is Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish or what?" (IF R DOESN'T ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) "Regardless of whether you now attend any religious services do you ever think of yourself as part of a particular church or denomination?" (IF YES:) "Do you consider yourself Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish or what?" (PROTESTANTS:) (IF BAPTIST:) "With which Baptist group is your church associated? Is it the Sourthern Baptist Convention, the American Baptist Churches in the USA, the American Baptist Association, [1992- later: the National Baptist Convention USA,] an Independent Baptist church or some other Baptist group?" (IF INDEPENDENT BAPTIST:) "Are you affiliated with any larger Baptist group or is this strictly a local church?" (IF LUTHERAN:) "Is this church part of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Missouri Synod, or some other Lutheran group?" (IF METHODIST:) "Is your church part of the United Methodist Church, African Methodist Episcopal, or some other Methodist group?" (IF PRESBYTERIAN:) "Is this the Presbyterian Church in the USA or some other Presbyterian group?" (IF REFORMED:) "Is this the Christian Reformed Church, the Reformed Church in America, or some other Reformed group?" (IF BRETHREN:) "Is this the Church of the Brethren, the Plymouth Brethren, or what?" (IF CHRISTIAN OR JUST CHRISTIAN:) "When you say 'Christian' does that mean the denomination called the 'Christian Church (Disciples of Christ),' or some other Christian denomination, or do you mean to say 'I am just a Christian?'" (IF CHURCH OR CHURCHES OF CHRIST:) "Is this the Church of Christ or United Church of Christ?" (IF CHURCH OF GOD:) "Is this the Church of God of Anderson Indiana, the Church of God of Cleveland Tennessee, the Church of God in Christ, or some other Church of God?" (IF HOLINESS OR PENTECOSTAL:) "What kind of church is that? What is it called exactly? Is that part of a larger church or denomination? What is that church called?" (IF OTHER:) "What is it called exactly? Is that church part of a denomination? Is that group Christian?" NOTE: The recode used to construct this summary also incorporates responses to the following questions: (1) frequency of church attendance; (2) self-classification of Christian religious identity (fundamentalist, evangelical, charismatic or spirit- filled, moderate to liberal, other); (3) do Christian respondents consider selves 'born again.' The full set of questions used in the recode were not longer available after 1996. This question is variable VCF0128B in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Attitudes about the Accuracy of the Bible (1), 4 categories 1964-1990 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 Bible is God's Word 51 ** 52 ** ** ** ** ** 46 ** 48 49 48 49 Some Human Errors 42 ** 38 ** ** ** ** ** 42 ** 40 39 40 38 Written by Wise Men 3 ** 6 ** ** ** ** ** 6 ** 6 6 6 8 Bible Worth Little Today 1 ** 2 ** ** ** ** ** 2 ** 2 2 2 3 Don't Know, Other 3 ** 3 ** ** ** ** ** 3 ** 4 4 3 2 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1437 1538 1394 1902 2159 1761 972 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1B.2a Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Here are four statements about the Bible and I'd like you to tell me which is closest to your own view:" (STATEMENTS SHOWN TO R) 1. The Bible is God's word and all it says is true 2. The Bible was written by men inspired by God but it contains some human errors. 3. The Bible is a good book because it was written by wise men, but God had nothing to do with it. 4. The Bible was written by men who lived so long ago that it is worth very little today. This question is variable VCF0845 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Attitudes about the Accuracy of the Bible (2), 3 categories 1990-2008 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Bible Literal Truth 45 39 41 39 36 35 ** 37 37 God's Word, Not Literal 41 47 45 46 48 49 ** 46 44 Not the Word of God 12 12 12 13 14 12 ** 15 17 Don't Know, Other 2 2 3 2 2 3 ** 1 2 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 978 2293 1763 1703 1268 1785 1203 2304 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1B.2b Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Which of these statements comes closest to describing your feelings about the Bible?" (STATEMENTS SHOWN TO R) 1. The Bible is the actual Word of God and is to be taken literally, word for word 2. The Bible is the Word of God but not everything in it should be taken literally, word for word 3. The Bible is a book written by men and is not the Word of God This question is variable VCF0850 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Religion an Important Part of Life 1980-2008 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Yes 75 ** 79 79 78 79 78 77 78 77 76 75 77 71 No 25 ** 21 21 22 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 23 29 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1398 1911 1071 1760 1958 2296 1762 1707 1271 1800 1505 1202 2313 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1B.3 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Do you consider religion to be an important part of your life, or not?" This question is variable VCF0846 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Religious Guidance in Day-to-Day Living 1980-2008 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Some 20 ** 19 21 20 21 19 20 17 19 17 19 18 17 Quite a Bit 21 ** 23 24 22 22 23 21 24 23 22 18 24 20 A Great Deal 35 ** 37 33 36 36 37 36 36 35 37 38 35 35 Relig. Not Important 25 ** 21 22 22 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 23 29 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1394 1908 1069 1755 1954 2290 1756 1702 1268 1798 1497 1200 2310 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1B.4 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: (IF RELIGION IS IMPORTANT:) "Would you say that (1996-later: would you say your) religion provides some guidance in your day-to-day living, quite a bit of guidance, or a great deal of guidance in your day-to-day living (1996-later: life)?" NOTE: [This question is preceded by: 'Do you consider religion to be an important part of your life, or not?'] This question is variable VCF0847 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Church Attendance (1), 4 categories 1952-1968 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 Regularly 39 ** 43 43 44 45 43 40 38 Often 18 ** 19 19 18 16 17 18 15 Seldom 36 ** 33 32 33 31 30 30 35 Never 7 ** 5 6 5 7 6 9 9 No relig. preference 0 ** 0 0 1 2 4 3 3 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1737 1727 1782 1816 1287 1536 1283 1528 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1B.5a Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: (1960-1968: IF ANY RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE:) "Would you say you go to church regularly, often, seldom or never?" This question is variable VCF0131 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Church Attendance (2), 5 categories 1970-2008 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Every Week 38 26 25 25 25 25 28 24 27 25 27 27 28 25 24 25 25 23 23 Almost Every Week - 11 12 12 11 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 13 11 12 12 10 Once or Twice a Month 16 12 12 14 12 11 13 14 13 14 14 14 13 16 14 16 18 15 14 A Few Times a Year 30 32 31 29 30 29 27 29 28 28 16 15 16 18 15 16 13 15 15 Never 12 14 13 13 14 14 11 14 12 12 33 34 33 30 33 33 32 35 38 No relig. preference 5 4 7 6 9 9 9 8 8 9 - - - - - - - - - ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1475 2677 2480 2827 2271 1589 1397 2225 2144 2024 1963 2475 1769 1703 1271 1789 1498 1204 2315 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1B.5b Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1970-1988: (IF ANY RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE) "Would you say you/do you go to (church/synagogue) every week, almost every week, once or twice a month, a few times a year, or never?" 1990 and later: "Lots of things come up that keep people from attending religious services even if they want to. Thinking about your life these days, do you ever attend religious services, apart from occasional weddings, baptisms or funerals?" (IF YES:) "Do you go to religious services every week, almost every week, once or twice a month, a few times a year, or never?" NOTE: In the 1970 study, there was no code for 'Every Week' and 'Almost Every Week' from 1970 has been recoded to 'Every Week.' Beginning in 1990, question flow was changed. This question is variable VCF0130 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Had Most Members of Congress Before the Election 1958-2008 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Incorrect, Don't Know, No 53 36 ** 36 31 30 50 36 ** 39 41 29 68 45 67 41 51 41 30 27 34 49 72 46 60 Correct 47 64 ** 64 69 70 50 64 ** 61 59 71 32 55 33 59 49 59 70 73 66 51 28 54 40 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1810 1826 1443 1285 1343 1503 1110 2394 2287 1405 1404 1934 2172 1774 1972 2251 1772 1504 1281 1544 1314 1061 2109 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1C.1 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1958-1968: "Do you happen to know which party had the most Congressmen in Washington before the election this/last month?" (IF NECESSARY:) "Which one?" 1970 and later: "Do you happen to know which party had the most members in the House of Representatives in Washington before the elections (this/last) month?" (IF NECESSARY:) "Which one?" This question is variable VCF0729 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 09AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Had Most Members of Congress Before the Election 1958-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Incorrect, DK/No' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 42 28 ** 28 21 23 39 24 ** 24 30 18 56 36 58 29 41 30 24 21 28 39 63 42 51 Females 62 44 ** 43 38 36 59 45 ** 50 49 37 78 52 74 49 60 50 35 32 40 57 79 51 67 Whites 50 32 ** 33 27 28 48 36 ** 37 37 25 65 40 64 36 46 36 25 22 33 46 71 43 57 Blacks 75 73 ** 61 54 46 72 41 ** 55 58 50 82 63 75 59 68 65 51 47 37 63 73 52 75 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 67 55 ** 53 47 46 62 50 ** 58 56 49 84 72 83 61 68 65 56 47 54 80 88* 57* 71* High School Diploma 53 35 ** 37 31 33 55 43 ** 46 48 34 79 53 74 52 61 54 42 35 45 62 78 57 73 Some College, no Degree 36 14 ** 23 15 17 34 20 ** 29 32 19 63 34 66 31 48 32 21 24 29 46 73 47 60 College Degree/ Post-grad 23 11 ** 10 6 10 22 14 ** 11 16 12 41 21 43 16 22 17 6 11 15 26 59 27 40 Income 0-16 Percentile 73 58 ** 52 47 47 70 53 ** 60 58 51 80 69 81 63 70 70 51 47 48 66 ** 59 72 Income 17-33 Percentile 65 49 ** 40 38 38 65 42 ** 47 48 31 74 50 74 51 55 48 37 33 41 58 ** 54 68 Income 34-67 Percentile 49 31 ** 35 31 27 49 39 ** 41 38 23 67 40 65 40 51 39 29 25 36 47 ** 44 62 Income 68-95 Percentile 39 28 ** 27 20 20 38 22 ** 26 32 17 63 34 57 25 41 25 18 15 26 35 ** 37 45 Income 96-100 Percentile 28 11 ** 17 10 18 22 18* ** 14 16 17 44 22 45 20* 30 18 6 11 18 36 ** 25 45 Professionals 31 17 ** 17 ** 14 32 14 ** 21 24 16 49 25 51 22 31 25 12 14 19 32 ** 30 ** White Collar 45 25 ** 30 ** 28 52 33 ** 36 40 28 71 43 68 34 53 41 24 26 34 54 ** 52 ** Blue Collar 58 41 ** 43 ** 32 55 43 ** 42 48 34 78 54 75 52 59 49 39 33 44 62 ** 53 ** Unskilled 63 53* ** 35* ** 45* 50* 38* ** 42 53 33* 64* 68* 69 64* 54 51* 56 45* 36* 68* ** 66* ** Farmers 54 43 ** 44 ** 45 55 32* ** 52 36* 32* 73* 50 75 36 62 47 35* 36* 31* 56* ** 53* ** Housewives 62 44 ** 43 ** 39 58 47 ** 53 48 37 76 54 70 55 58 49 42 40 46 55 ** 51 ** Union Households 59 39 ** 39 32 33 52 39 ** 35 40 25 73 42 67 36 48 38 25 24 33 49 81 40 61 Non-Union Households 51 35 ** 35 30 30 50 35 ** 41 41 30 67 45 67 42 52 41 31 27 35 49 70 48 60 South 54 40 ** 33 35 29 50 40 ** 44 43 31 70 55 68 50 58 48 37 34 38 53 70 47 60 Nonsouth 52 35 ** 37 29 31 51 35 ** 38 40 28 68 41 66 36 48 38 26 23 32 48 73 46 60 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 71 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 54* 60 40 46 67 78 59 62 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69 45 78 62 79 62 70 54 41 33 43 50 74 48 54 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 29* 30 30 54 42 ** 47 48 29 69 41 67 40 47 37 21 24 30 45 68 38 46 Born 1927-1942 63 45 ** 38 29 32 49 34 ** 32 32 21 67 40 60 33 41 31 21 22 25 39 72 40 50 Born 1911-1926 51 33 ** 34 28 26 48 33 ** 36 36 27 64 37 61 26 38 34 22 18 23 53 68 49 ** Born 1895-1910 45 33 ** 37 33 30 51 34 ** 39 35 32 69 60 64 37 45 49 35* 47* 53* 90* 100* ** ** Born before 1895 56 40 ** 33 37 51 51 48* ** 47 56* 70* 67* 0* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 54 36 ** 38 32 31 55 37 ** 40 41 30 71 46 69 42 50 45 34 28 31 49 72 43 63 Independents 58 43 ** 48 42 39 55 53 ** 54 63 45 83 64 82 58 77 52 47 45 60 73 79 68 79 Republicans (incl leaners) 46 29 ** 27 22 25 40 29 ** 31 28 20 58 37 58 34 44 32 19 20 31 42 70 44 49 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 26 ** 28 36 18 57 31 60 39 36 32 17 22 22 45 68 35 55 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 29 ** 39 34 28 67 45 68 38 53 37 30 27 37 50 69 53 65 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 25 ** 21 26 18 58 31 55 27 35 29 18 16 25 35 69 35 44 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 1C.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 09AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Had Most Members of Congress Before the Election 1958-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Correct' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 58 72 ** 72 79 77 61 76 ** 76 70 82 44 64 42 71 59 70 76 79 72 61 37 58 49 Females 38 56 ** 57 62 64 41 55 ** 50 51 63 22 48 26 51 40 50 65 68 60 43 21 49 33 Whites 50 68 ** 67 73 72 52 64 ** 63 63 75 35 60 36 64 54 64 75 78 67 54 29 57 44 Blacks 25 27 ** 39 46 54 28 59 ** 45 42 50 18 38 25 41 32 35 49 53 63 37 27 48 25 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 33 45 ** 47 53 54 38 50 ** 42 44 51 16 28 17 39 32 35 44 53 46 20 12* 43* 29* High School Diploma 47 65 ** 63 69 67 45 57 ** 54 52 66 21 47 26 48 39 46 58 65 55 38 22 43 27 Some College, no Degree 64 86 ** 77 85 83 66 80 ** 71 68 81 37 66 34 69 52 68 79 76 71 54 27 53 40 College Degree/ Post-grad 77 89 ** 90 94 90 78 86 ** 89 84 88 59 79 57 84 78 83 94 89 85 74 41 73 60 Income 0-16 Percentile 27 42 ** 48 53 53 30 47 ** 40 42 49 20 32 19 37 30 30 49 53 52 34 ** 41 28 Income 17-33 Percentile 35 51 ** 60 62 62 35 58 ** 53 52 69 26 50 26 49 45 52 63 67 59 42 ** 46 32 Income 34-67 Percentile 51 69 ** 65 69 73 51 62 ** 59 62 77 33 60 35 60 49 61 71 75 64 53 ** 56 38 Income 68-95 Percentile 61 72 ** 73 80 80 62 78 ** 74 68 83 37 66 43 75 59 75 82 85 74 65 ** 63 55 Income 96-100 Percentile 72 89 ** 83 90 82 78 82* ** 86 84 83 56 78 55 80* 70 82 94 89 82 64 ** 75 55 Professionals 69 84 ** 83 ** 86 68 86 ** 79 76 84 51 75 49 78 69 75 88 86 81 68 ** 70 ** White Collar 55 75 ** 70 ** 72 48 67 ** 64 60 72 29 57 32 66 47 59 76 74 66 46 ** 48 ** Blue Collar 42 59 ** 57 ** 68 45 57 ** 58 52 66 22 46 25 48 41 51 61 67 56 38 ** 47 ** Unskilled 38 47* ** 65* ** 55* 50* 63* ** 58 47 68* 36* 32* 31 36* 46 49* 44 55* 64* 32* ** 34* ** Farmers 46 57 ** 56 ** 55 45 68* ** 48 64* 68* 27* 50 25 64 38 53 65* 64* 69* 44* ** 47* ** Housewives 38 56 ** 57 ** 61 42 53 ** 47 52 63 24 46 30 45 42 51 58 60 54 45 ** 49 ** Union Households 41 61 ** 61 68 67 48 61 ** 65 60 75 27 58 33 64 52 62 75 76 67 51 19 60 39 Non-Union Households 49 65 ** 65 70 70 50 65 ** 59 59 70 33 55 33 58 48 59 69 73 65 51 30 52 40 South 46 60 ** 67 65 71 50 60 ** 56 57 69 30 45 32 50 42 52 63 66 62 47 30 53 40 Nonsouth 48 65 ** 63 71 69 49 65 ** 62 60 72 32 59 34 64 52 62 74 77 68 52 27 54 40 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 29 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46* 40 60 54 33 22 41 38 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 55 22 38 21 38 30 46 59 67 57 50 26 52 46 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 71* 70 70 46 58 ** 53 52 71 31 59 33 60 53 63 79 77 70 55 32 62 54 Born 1927-1942 37 55 ** 62 71 68 51 66 ** 68 68 79 33 60 40 67 59 69 79 78 75 61 28 60 50 Born 1911-1926 49 67 ** 66 72 74 52 67 ** 64 64 73 36 63 39 74 62 66 79 82 77 47 32 51 ** Born 1895-1910 55 67 ** 63 67 70 49 66 ** 61 65 68 31 40 36 63 55 51 65* 53* 47* 10* 0* ** ** Born before 1895 44 60 ** 67 63 49 49 52* ** 53 44* 30* 33* 100* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 46 64 ** 62 68 69 45 63 ** 60 59 70 29 54 31 58 50 55 66 72 69 51 28 57 37 Independents 42 57 ** 52 58 61 45 47 ** 46 38 55 17 36 18 42 23 48 53 55 40 27 21 32 21 Republicans (incl leaners) 54 71 ** 73 78 75 60 71 ** 69 72 80 42 63 42 66 56 68 81 80 69 58 30 56 51 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 74 ** 72 64 82 43 69 40 61 64 68 83 78 78 55 32 65 45 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 71 ** 61 66 72 33 55 32 62 48 63 70 73 63 50 31 47 35 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 75 ** 79 74 82 42 69 45 73 65 71 82 84 75 65 31 65 56 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 1C.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 09AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Had Most Members of Congress After the Election 1958-1984 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 Incorrect, Don't Know, No 23 45 ** 21 79 51 46 44 ** 42 60 85 46 49 Correct 77 55 ** 79 21 49 54 56 ** 58 40 15 54 51 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1810 1819 1442 1282 1343 1504 1110 2392 2283 1405 1405 1930 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 1C.2 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1958-1968: "Do you happen to know which party elected the most Congressmen in the elections this/last month?" (IF YES:) "Which one?" 1970-1984: "Do you happen to know which party elected the most members to the House of representatives in the elections this/last month?" This question is variable VCF0730 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 09AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Had Most Members of Congress After the Election 1958-1984 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Incorrect, DK/No' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 Males 15 40 ** 13 72 46 37 37 ** 31 53 81 37 40 Females 29 48 ** 26 85 54 52 49 ** 49 65 88 54 56 Whites 20 42 ** 18 79 50 44 43 ** 40 58 85 43 45 Blacks 45 74 ** 45 82 58 57 50 ** 53 64 84 58 66 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 39 61 ** 38 88 65 55 57 ** 63 72 91 69 73 High School Diploma 19 43 ** 18 80 53 50 46 ** 46 65 90 52 58 Some College, no Degree 8 32 ** 10 69 38 34 33 ** 30 54 81 42 38 College Degree/ Post-grad 6 19 ** 5 64 32 22 30 ** 19 38 72 23 26 Income 0-16 Percentile 44 69 ** 39 84 64 67 54 ** 64 71 88 61 72 Income 17-33 Percentile 31 57 ** 23 89 56 52 54 ** 48 64 90 59 55 Income 34-67 Percentile 15 42 ** 19 78 49 47 45 ** 42 57 85 43 46 Income 68-95 Percentile 12 33 ** 10 75 41 33 33 ** 29 56 81 35 37 Income 96-100 Percentile 5 25 ** 11 70 40 31 29* ** 17 37 75 25 32 Professionals 8 28 ** 10 ** 40 31 30 ** 25 48 78 29 28 White Collar 13 33 ** 12 ** 50 40 37 ** 37 59 86 49 51 Blue Collar 23 48 ** 24 ** 52 49 49 ** 45 65 87 52 55 Unskilled 32 71* ** 34* ** 70* 58* 56* ** 48 68 93* 62* 75* Farmers 31 46 ** 28 ** 58 54 48* ** 55 68* 79* 61* 67 Housewives 31 54 ** 26 ** 55 56 52 ** 52 62 90 52 57 Union Households 21 43 ** 18 78 51 46 42 ** 39 61 86 39 45 Non-Union Households 23 45 ** 21 79 51 46 44 ** 42 59 85 48 50 South 33 45 ** 29 80 46 48 51 ** 45 59 83 49 56 Nonsouth 19 45 ** 18 79 52 45 41 ** 41 60 86 45 46 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 74 85 65 63 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 19* 72 49 51 48 ** 46 64 87 45 47 Born 1927-1942 27 44 ** 21 79 46 44 37 ** 34 56 82 39 44 Born 1911-1926 20 41 ** 17 77 50 43 43 ** 40 54 86 44 40 Born 1895-1910 20 42 ** 23 82 56 45 43 ** 45 53 85 50 61 Born before 1895 28 62 ** 28 85 66 49 66* ** 52 84* 80* 67* 0* Democrats (incl leaners) 21 43 ** 23 79 51 45 43 ** 43 59 87 46 49 Independents 33 48 ** 31 87 59 61 62 ** 52 78 91 68 68 Republicans (incl leaners) 18 42 ** 12 76 46 39 37 ** 35 49 80 38 43 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 40 ** 32 54 76 36 36 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38 ** 38 56 86 42 48 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 35 ** 25 47 81 31 36 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 1C.2.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 09AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Had Most Members of Congress After the Election 1958-1984 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Correct' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 Males 85 60 ** 87 28 54 63 63 ** 69 47 19 63 60 Females 71 52 ** 74 15 46 48 51 ** 51 35 12 46 44 Whites 80 59 ** 82 21 50 56 57 ** 60 42 15 57 55 Blacks 55 26 ** 55 18 42 43 50 ** 47 36 16 42 34 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 61 39 ** 62 12 35 45 43 ** 37 28 9 31 27 High School Diploma 81 57 ** 82 20 47 50 54 ** 54 35 10 48 42 Some College, no Degree 92 68 ** 90 31 62 66 67 ** 70 46 19 58 62 College Degree/ Post-grad 94 81 ** 95 36 68 78 70 ** 81 62 28 77 74 Income 0-16 Percentile 56 31 ** 61 16 36 33 46 ** 36 29 12 39 28 Income 17-33 Percentile 69 43 ** 77 11 44 48 46 ** 52 36 10 41 45 Income 34-67 Percentile 85 58 ** 81 22 51 53 55 ** 58 43 15 57 54 Income 68-95 Percentile 88 67 ** 90 25 59 67 67 ** 71 44 19 65 63 Income 96-100 Percentile 95 75 ** 89 30 60 69 71* ** 83 63 25 75 68 Professionals 92 72 ** 90 ** 60 69 70 ** 75 52 22 71 72 White Collar 88 67 ** 88 ** 50 60 63 ** 63 41 14 51 49 Blue Collar 77 52 ** 76 ** 48 51 51 ** 55 35 13 48 45 Unskilled 68 29* ** 66* ** 30* 42* 44* ** 52 32 8* 38* 25* Farmers 69 54 ** 72 ** 42 46 52* ** 45 32* 21* 39* 33 Housewives 69 46 ** 74 ** 45 44 48 ** 48 38 10 48 43 Union Households 79 57 ** 82 22 49 54 58 ** 61 39 14 61 55 Non-Union Households 77 55 ** 79 21 50 54 56 ** 58 41 15 52 50 South 67 55 ** 71 20 54 52 49 ** 55 41 17 51 44 Nonsouth 81 55 ** 82 21 48 55 59 ** 59 40 14 55 54 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 26 15 35 37 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 81* 28 51 49 52 ** 54 36 13 55 53 Born 1927-1942 73 56 ** 79 21 54 56 63 ** 66 44 18 61 56 Born 1911-1926 80 59 ** 83 23 50 57 57 ** 60 46 14 56 60 Born 1895-1910 80 58 ** 78 18 44 55 57 ** 55 47 15 50 39 Born before 1895 72 38 ** 72 15 34 51 34* ** 48 16* 20* 33* 100* Democrats (incl leaners) 79 57 ** 77 21 49 55 57 ** 57 41 13 55 51 Independents 67 52 ** 69 13 41 39 38 ** 48 22 9 32 32 Republicans (incl leaners) 82 58 ** 88 24 54 61 63 ** 65 51 20 62 57 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 60 ** 68 46 24 64 64 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62 ** 62 44 14 58 52 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 65 ** 75 53 19 69 64 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 1C.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 09AUG10