THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Party Identification 7-Point Scale (revised in 2008) 1952-2008 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Strong Democrat 23 23 22 28 21 24 27 18 20 20 15 18 15 15 18 20 17 18 18 20 18 15 18 19 19 17 17 19 Weak Democrat 26 26 24 23 26 24 25 28 26 24 25 21 25 24 23 24 20 22 18 19 17 18 19 18 15 17 16 15 Independent Democrat 10 9 7 7 6 8 9 9 10 10 11 13 12 14 11 11 11 10 12 12 14 13 14 14 15 16 17 17 Independent Independent 5 8 9 8 10 8 8 12 11 13 15 18 16 16 15 13 13 14 12 12 13 11 10 12 13 7 10 11 Independent Republican 8 6 9 5 7 6 6 7 9 8 10 9 10 10 10 8 12 11 13 12 12 12 12 11 13 13 12 12 Weak Republican 14 15 15 17 14 17 14 15 15 15 13 14 14 13 14 14 15 15 14 15 14 15 15 16 12 16 12 13 Strong Republican 14 13 16 12 16 13 11 10 10 9 10 8 9 8 9 10 12 11 14 10 11 15 12 10 12 15 16 13 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1689 1088 1690 1737 1864 1237 1536 1263 1531 1490 2695 2492 2833 2269 1612 1403 2228 2157 2026 1965 2473 1780 1706 1267 1790 1466 1194 2293 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 2A.1 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, an Independent, or what?" (IF REPUBLICAN OR DEMOCRAT) "Would you call yourself a strong (REPUBLICAN/DEMOCRAT) or a not very strong (REPUBLICAN/DEMOCRAT)?" (IF INDEPENDENT, OTHER [1966 and later: OR NO PREFERENCE]:) "Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican or Democratic party?" NOTE: This summary for party identification has been revised in 2010 to conform, as much as possible, with the December, 2009 ANES memo on its construction. One result of the revision is the removal of the apolitical category. This question is variable VCF0301 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Party Identification 3-Point Scale (revised in 2008) 1952-2008 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Democrat (incl leaners) 59 58 52 58 53 56 62 55 56 54 51 52 51 54 52 55 48 50 47 52 50 47 52 51 50 49 50 51 Independent 5 8 9 8 10 8 8 12 11 13 15 18 16 16 15 13 13 14 12 12 13 11 10 12 13 7 10 11 Republican (incl leaners) 36 34 39 34 37 36 31 32 33 33 34 31 33 30 33 32 40 36 41 36 37 41 38 37 37 43 41 37 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1689 1088 1690 1737 1864 1237 1536 1263 1531 1490 2695 2492 2833 2269 1612 1403 2228 2157 2026 1965 2473 1780 1706 1267 1790 1466 1194 2293 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 2A.2 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, an Independent, or what?" (IF REPUBLICAN OR DEMOCRAT) "Would you call yourself a strong (REPUBLICAN/DEMOCRAT) or a not very strong (REPUBLICAN/DEMOCRAT)?" (IF INDEPENDENT, OTHER [1966 and later: OR NO PREFERENCE]:) "Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican or Democratic party?" NOTE: Collapsed from the 7-point Party ID summary (Table 2A.1). The 7-point Party ID summary has been revised in 2010 to conform, as much as possible, with the December, 2009 ANES memo on its construction. This question is variable VCF0303 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Party Identification 3-Point Scale (revised in 2008) 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Democrat (incl leaners)' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 60 61 55 59 54 58 61 55 54 54 48 50 50 52 49 50 45 47 43 50 45 41 45 49 46 47 45 47 Females 59 56 49 58 52 54 62 56 58 54 53 53 52 55 55 59 50 53 50 53 54 53 58 53 53 51 53 55 Whites 58 57 51 57 52 55 59 53 52 51 48 49 46 50 48 50 43 44 39 47 45 42 47 45 44 43 42 43 Blacks 76 69 68 70 59 74 86 74 94 85 75 82 85 82 81 90 76 85 81 78 77 81 78 84 83 85 82 85 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 64 63 52 60 55 64 71 60 69 61 55 56 61 65 62 70 53 67 56 63 64 60 67 67 59 57 56 65 High School Diploma 59 59 54 60 57 56 63 57 57 55 52 54 53 55 52 57 49 50 49 53 53 51 53 52 54 53 49 54 Some College, no Degree 49 49 49 61 38 46 52 50 46 48 50 45 47 50 51 51 45 47 43 46 46 47 51 49 48 50 47 49 College Degree/ Post-grad 44 41 44 40 42 48 48 42 40 46 43 47 41 45 47 48 44 48 42 49 45 37 46 48 44 42 51 49 Income 0-16 Percentile 64 64 55 54 51 55 67 56 65 61 57 54 59 58 60 66 56 60 56 57 55 61 63 53 62 ** 54 63 Income 17-33 Percentile 61 58 57 63 56 53 66 61 56 57 53 58 60 58 62 63 55 54 53 58 57 60 61 61 53 ** 54 62 Income 34-67 Percentile 61 59 53 63 55 58 66 56 55 56 53 55 54 55 50 58 48 51 46 50 52 45 52 52 47 ** 50 50 Income 68-95 Percentile 58 59 51 57 54 54 55 56 53 52 48 46 45 50 48 49 43 44 42 51 44 37 40 47 50 ** 46 43 Income 96-100 Percentile 30 32 37 32 24 39 44 42 41 37 34 29 23 46 32 35 29 35 19* 24 30 27 41 37 36 ** 46 28 Professionals 52 ** 45 51 45 ** 49 ** 44 45 45 54 44 49 47 47 46 47 43 51 47 41 47 49 46 ** 56 ** White Collar 56 ** 51 62 50 ** 60 ** 51 52 53 52 52 54 51 50 43 46 45 51 50 48 50 47 51 ** 43 ** Blue Collar 67 ** 58 65 62 ** 70 ** 63 60 55 54 58 60 57 62 54 56 52 54 55 51 57 59 55 ** 49 ** Unskilled 71 ** 68 74 53* ** 86* ** 81* 88* 58* 51* 51 57 56* 66* 53 62 48 61 46 52 52* 53* 50* ** 55* ** Farmers 59 ** 57 54 40 ** 63 ** 54 68 49 38 48 53* 47* 48* 32 48 36 51 35 32* 49* 27* 51* ** 46* ** Housewives 56 ** 47 54 52 ** 60 ** 57 53 50 47 47 48 51 61 44 44 47 49 49 45 42 43 49 ** 41 ** Union Households 67 69 60 71 66 ** 77 66 63 65 58 60 61 63 58 63 57 58 55 65 61 61 62 59 61 59 59 60 Non-Union Households 56 54 49 54 48 ** 57 51 54 51 49 49 48 50 50 53 45 48 45 49 48 44 50 50 48 47 48 50 South 83 ** 71 72 63 64 74 64 68 58 58 57 59 57 57 61 52 57 55 56 51 50 52 48 46 49 49 45 Nonsouth 53 ** 46 54 50 53 58 53 52 53 49 50 49 52 50 53 46 47 43 50 49 46 52 53 52 50 50 56 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 40 55 39 51 62 61 49 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 40 50 47 45 42 43 43 45 46 50 48 45 39 46 52 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 67* 52 55 53 51 54 51 53 50 55 45 50 45 55 50 46 51 51 51 53 44 45 Born 1927-1942 64 57 54 62 56 57 64 58 58 55 50 49 49 54 48 57 53 52 52 52 52 48 53 62 50 50 50 63 Born 1911-1926 64 63 55 62 55 59 62 56 55 57 54 52 54 56 59 59 51 60 51 58 56 55 58 55 64 62 58 ** Born 1895-1910 58 55 48 57 50 55 62 51 56 52 52 52 54 54 56 54 44 48 47 66 54 41* 46* 48* 59* 8* ** ** Born before 1895 52 51 47 47 47 47 49 56 56 49 41 52 39 58* 42* 29* 25* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 70 72 75 74 77 80 73 74 73 75 77 83 84 80 78 81 86 88 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 53 53 51 57 57 62 52 53 50 53 50 54 58 55 52 56 58 53 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 33 31 32 33 32 25 30 27 34 27 21 25 27 26 23 19 19 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2A.2.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Party Identification 3-Point Scale (revised in 2008) 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Republican (incl leaners)' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 34 31 35 34 36 33 30 33 36 33 35 33 32 30 34 35 42 39 45 40 42 47 45 40 41 46 45 40 Females 38 37 42 35 38 39 31 32 31 33 33 29 33 30 32 29 38 34 38 33 34 36 32 34 34 41 37 35 Whites 37 35 40 35 38 37 33 35 37 36 37 33 37 33 37 36 46 43 48 41 43 47 44 43 42 50 49 45 Blacks 21 26 24 25 23 18 8 11 3 4 11 4 6 7 8 3 11 6 12 12 8 10 11 7 7 9 7 6 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 30 29 40 32 35 31 21 26 22 24 29 27 24 20 21 19 25 21 26 18 22 22 17 22 30 29 21 24 High School Diploma 36 34 35 31 32 34 30 29 31 30 31 27 29 25 29 28 37 32 36 32 32 34 34 32 29 38 38 31 Some College, no Degree 48 43 45 35 52 48 39 39 42 41 37 34 38 36 39 37 46 42 48 44 41 46 41 41 40 45 44 38 College Degree/ Post-grad 54 53 51 53 50 42 46 52 52 49 47 43 48 46 45 41 48 45 52 47 47 56 48 45 48 53 45 46 Income 0-16 Percentile 33 28 37 36 41 41 24 30 26 24 30 26 25 24 25 18 26 24 30 27 27 23 26 30 22 ** 29 21 Income 17-33 Percentile 33 31 35 28 32 42 24 22 30 29 31 22 28 25 26 27 31 33 36 28 29 30 31 29 33 ** 36 27 Income 34-67 Percentile 33 34 36 31 34 31 26 34 34 31 30 27 30 28 32 30 40 36 41 37 35 44 35 34 40 ** 42 37 Income 68-95 Percentile 38 34 38 37 36 39 38 32 36 37 41 38 37 35 41 38 48 44 48 40 47 54 52 44 40 ** 47 48 Income 96-100 Percentile 62 63 59 63 68 50 48 46 53 54 53 66 68 47 53 58 62 56 77* 75 60 64 55 56 54 ** 50 68 Professionals 43 ** 47 40 44 ** 43 ** 44 45 43 33 42 39 42 42 46 43 48 41 43 51 45 42 43 ** 38 ** White Collar 38 ** 36 33 42 ** 35 ** 38 33 34 30 35 31 37 36 45 40 45 40 37 44 41 39 37 ** 47 ** Blue Collar 28 ** 33 28 27 ** 21 ** 26 26 28 28 25 21 25 23 31 28 34 32 30 36 31 27 31 ** 38 ** Unskilled 24 ** 27 23 39* ** 9* ** 15* 13* 24* 32* 31 14 21* 24* 33 27 33 25 35 24 27* 39* 25* ** 21* ** Farmers 36 ** 39 40 47 ** 31 ** 34 26 39 58 37 35* 38* 39* 46 36 52 32 53 52* 40* 53* 41* ** 41* ** Housewives 40 ** 43 37 40 ** 32 ** 34 34 35 32 37 38 33 29 44 41 39 37 40 40 44 44 39 ** 51 ** Union Households 29 25 30 23 23 ** 17 23 27 21 25 21 22 21 24 23 31 29 33 28 29 31 31 29 28 36 30 32 Non-Union Households 38 38 42 38 42 ** 35 36 35 36 37 34 36 33 36 34 42 38 43 38 39 44 40 39 38 45 43 38 South 15 ** 23 20 25 28 18 24 21 26 26 22 25 26 27 28 31 30 33 28 34 41 37 40 38 44 42 42 Nonsouth 41 ** 44 39 41 39 34 35 37 35 37 34 35 32 35 33 43 39 44 40 39 42 39 36 36 43 40 34 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 30 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* 41 37 45 27 33 31 39 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 22 26 32 38 37 41 40 38 41 38 37 41 51 44 38 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 25* 32 27 29 29 22 29 27 30 29 40 36 41 34 38 43 39 39 37 40 46 48 Born 1927-1942 30 32 35 28 32 34 27 29 32 32 34 35 34 33 40 32 38 37 40 37 37 44 40 29 40 46 41 30 Born 1911-1926 32 30 35 31 35 31 29 33 34 30 36 33 34 32 31 33 39 33 41 35 36 35 36 34 30 33 30 ** Born 1895-1910 37 37 43 36 40 40 31 36 35 37 36 37 35 34 34 36 46 43 42 29 37 40* 51* 45* 21* 33* ** ** Born before 1895 43 42 46 48 44 48 47 34 41 42 51 38 55 31* 42* 57* 75* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 20 14 16 13 15 12 20 19 19 20 14 12 11 14 14 14 12 8 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 30 30 26 28 27 33 33 36 38 36 34 30 29 34 37 31 27 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56 52 60 56 57 58 68 59 66 59 65 70 70 67 67 74 76 76 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2A.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Party Identification 3-Point Scale (revised in 2008) 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Independent' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 6 8 10 8 10 9 8 12 11 13 16 18 17 18 17 15 13 14 12 10 13 12 10 11 14 7 10 13 Females 4 7 9 7 10 7 8 12 11 13 14 18 15 15 14 12 12 13 12 13 12 11 10 12 13 7 10 10 Whites 5 8 9 8 9 8 8 12 11 13 15 18 16 17 15 13 11 14 12 12 12 12 10 12 14 8 9 11 Blacks 3 6 8 5 18 8 6 15 3 10 14 14 10 11 11 6 13 9 8 10 16 8 10 9 11 6 11 9 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 6 8 8 8 10 5 8 14 9 15 16 17 15 15 17 11 23 12 18 19 14 18 15 11 11 14 24 11 High School Diploma 5 7 11 8 11 10 8 14 12 14 16 19 18 20 19 15 14 18 15 14 15 15 13 16 17 9 13 15 Some College, no Degree 3 7 6 4 11 6 9 11 11 11 14 21 15 14 10 12 9 11 9 10 13 7 7 10 11 5 9 13 College Degree/ Post-grad 3 6 6 7 8 10 6 6 8 6 9 11 11 9 8 11 9 7 6 4 8 8 6 7 8 5 4 5 Income 0-16 Percentile 3 8 8 10 7 4 9 13 9 15 13 20 15 18 15 17 18 16 15 16 18 15 11 18 16 ** 17 17 Income 17-33 Percentile 6 11 9 9 11 5 9 17 14 14 17 20 12 17 12 10 13 13 11 14 14 10 9 10 14 ** 10 11 Income 34-67 Percentile 5 7 10 6 11 10 8 10 11 13 17 18 16 17 18 12 12 13 12 12 13 11 13 14 14 ** 8 12 Income 68-95 Percentile 5 7 10 7 11 8 6 12 11 11 11 16 18 14 11 12 9 12 9 8 9 9 7 10 10 ** 7 9 Income 96-100 Percentile 8 5 4 5 8 11 8 11 6 9 13 5 9 8 14 6 9 8 4* 1 10 8 4 7 10 ** 4 5 Professionals 6 ** 8 9 11 ** 8 ** 12 10 11 13 14 12 11 12 9 10 9 8 9 9 8 9 10 ** 5 ** White Collar 6 ** 13 5 8 ** 6 ** 11 15 14 18 14 15 13 14 11 15 10 9 12 8 8 14 13 ** 10 ** Blue Collar 5 ** 10 7 12 ** 9 ** 10 14 17 18 18 20 18 15 15 15 15 14 15 13 12 14 15 ** 13 ** Unskilled 5 ** 5 4 8* ** 6* ** 4* 0* 18* 16* 18 29 23* 11* 14 11 19 14 18 23 21* 8* 25* ** 25* ** Farmers 5 ** 5 6 13 ** 6 ** 12 6 13 4 15 12* 16* 14* 23 16 12 17 12 16* 12* 20* 8* ** 12* ** Housewives 4 ** 10 9 8 ** 8 ** 10 13 16 22 16 14 17 10 12 15 13 14 11 15 14 13 11 ** 8 ** Union Households 4 6 10 6 11 ** 6 11 10 14 17 20 17 16 18 14 12 13 12 7 10 7 7 12 11 6 10 8 Non-Union Households 5 8 9 8 10 ** 8 13 11 13 14 17 16 16 14 13 13 14 12 13 13 12 11 12 14 8 10 12 South 1 ** 6 7 12 8 8 13 11 15 17 21 16 17 16 11 17 13 12 17 16 10 10 12 16 7 9 13 Nonsouth 6 ** 10 8 9 8 8 12 10 12 14 17 16 16 15 14 11 14 12 10 11 12 10 12 12 7 10 10 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 14 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 20 8 16 22 4 9 12 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38 24 21 17 21 16 17 17 13 12 14 14 10 10 10 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 8* 16 18 19 20 25 20 20 20 16 15 15 14 11 12 11 10 10 12 7 10 8 Born 1927-1942 6 10 10 10 12 9 9 13 10 13 16 17 17 13 11 11 8 11 8 11 11 8 7 9 10 4 10 7 Born 1911-1926 4 7 9 7 10 11 9 11 11 12 10 15 11 12 10 8 10 7 9 7 8 10 6 11 5 5 12 ** Born 1895-1910 5 8 10 8 9 5 7 13 10 11 12 11 11 12 10 9 11 9 12 5 9 19* 3* 7* 19* 60* ** ** Born before 1895 5 7 7 5 9 5 4 10 3 9 8 9 6 12* 17* 14* 0* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10 15 10 13 9 8 7 7 8 5 9 5 5 5 8 5 2 5 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 13 17 19 17 14 11 14 15 14 10 15 12 12 15 14 7 11 20 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 11 15 9 11 10 9 7 10 7 7 8 8 5 5 8 3 5 6 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2A.2.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Strength of Partisanship 1952-2008 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Independent 9 11 13 11 12 12 9 13 12 14 15 18 15 16 15 13 13 14 12 12 13 12 10 12 13 9 10 11 Leaning Independent 17 15 15 12 13 13 15 16 19 18 22 22 22 24 22 19 23 21 25 24 27 25 26 24 28 28 29 29 Weak Partisan 39 40 37 39 39 40 38 43 40 39 39 35 39 37 37 38 35 37 32 34 32 33 34 34 27 33 28 28 Strong Partisan 35 35 36 38 36 35 38 28 30 29 25 26 24 23 26 30 29 28 31 30 29 30 30 29 31 31 33 32 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1784 1130 1757 1808 1911 1287 1550 1278 1553 1501 2694 2505 2850 2283 1612 1411 2236 2166 2032 1966 2474 1787 1710 1276 1797 1488 1197 2293 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 2A.3 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, an Independent, or what?" (IF REPUBLICAN OR DEMOCRAT) "Would you call yourself a strong (REPUBLICAN/DEMOCRAT) or a not very strong (REPUBLICAN/DEMOCRAT)?" (IF INDEPENDENT, OTHER [1966 and later: OR NO PREFERENCE]:) "Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican or Democratic party?" NOTE: Collapsed from the 7-point Party ID summary (Table 2A.1). The 7-point Party ID summary has been revised in 2010 to conform, as much as possible, with the December, 2009 ANES memo on its construction. This question is variable VCF0305 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Strength of Partisanship 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Independent' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 9 10 12 10 11 11 9 13 11 14 16 17 17 17 17 14 13 14 13 10 13 12 10 11 14 8 10 13 Females 9 12 14 12 13 13 9 14 13 14 14 18 14 15 14 12 13 14 12 14 12 11 10 13 13 9 10 10 Whites 8 10 12 10 11 11 9 13 13 14 14 17 16 17 15 13 12 14 13 12 12 12 10 13 14 9 9 11 Blacks 21 20 25 21 30 21 10 17 6 11 14 16 9 11 11 6 13 10 8 10 16 8 11 9 10 6 12 9 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 13 16 17 14 14 14 9 16 11 16 15 17 15 15 17 11 22 12 19 18 14 18 15 11 13 14 25 11 High School Diploma 7 8 13 11 12 12 9 14 13 15 16 19 18 20 19 15 14 18 15 15 15 15 13 16 18 11 13 15 Some College, no Degree 4 8 6 4 11 6 9 11 12 11 13 20 14 13 10 12 9 11 9 10 13 7 7 10 11 7 9 13 College Degree/ Post-grad 3 6 6 8 10 10 6 6 8 6 9 11 11 10 8 10 9 7 7 4 8 8 6 8 8 6 4 5 Income 0-16 Percentile 15 17 20 19 16 13 12 15 11 17 13 20 15 18 15 16 18 16 15 17 18 15 11 18 16 ** 17 17 Income 17-33 Percentile 10 16 13 12 13 10 9 18 16 14 17 19 12 17 12 10 14 14 12 14 13 10 9 10 15 ** 10 11 Income 34-67 Percentile 7 9 12 9 12 13 8 11 12 13 17 19 16 17 18 12 12 13 12 12 12 11 13 14 14 ** 8 12 Income 68-95 Percentile 5 8 11 9 12 9 7 12 11 12 11 15 18 14 11 12 9 12 10 8 9 9 7 11 10 ** 7 9 Income 96-100 Percentile 13 5 4 5 8 11 9 11 8 9 13 5 9 8 14 5 9 8 4* 1 10 8 4 8 10 ** 3 5 Professionals 7 ** 9 10 12 ** 8 ** 12 10 11 12 14 12 11 12 9 10 9 8 10 9 8 10 10 ** 5 ** White Collar 8 ** 14 7 8 ** 6 ** 11 16 13 18 14 15 13 14 11 15 10 9 12 8 9 14 13 ** 10 ** Blue Collar 7 ** 12 11 13 ** 10 ** 11 15 17 18 17 20 18 15 15 16 15 13 15 13 12 14 15 ** 13 ** Unskilled 20 ** 14 9 11* ** 8* ** 7* 0* 18* 16* 18 29 23* 11* 14 11 19 14 18 23 21* 8* 25* ** 25* ** Farmers 6 ** 11 14 17 ** 8 ** 13 6 13 4 15 9* 16* 14* 23 16 12 16 12 16* 12* 20* 8* ** 7* ** Housewives 8 ** 14 14 13 ** 10 ** 12 14 15 21 16 15 17 10 13 15 13 16 11 16 14 13 14 ** 7 ** Union Households 6 9 12 9 13 ** 6 12 11 14 17 19 17 16 18 13 12 13 12 7 10 8 7 13 10 7 11 8 Non-Union Households 10 12 13 12 12 ** 9 14 12 13 14 17 15 16 14 13 13 14 12 13 13 12 11 12 14 9 10 12 South 11 ** 13 15 17 17 11 15 13 16 16 21 15 17 15 11 17 13 12 17 16 10 11 12 16 9 9 13 Nonsouth 8 ** 12 10 11 10 8 13 12 13 14 16 15 16 15 14 11 14 12 10 11 12 10 12 12 8 11 10 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 14 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 21 8 17 22 9 9 12 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38 24 20 17 21 16 17 17 13 12 14 14 11 10 10 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 12* 16 20 20 20 24 20 20 20 16 15 15 14 11 12 11 10 11 12 8 10 8 Born 1927-1942 10 16 15 14 16 12 10 13 12 13 16 16 17 13 11 11 8 11 8 10 12 8 8 9 10 5 10 7 Born 1911-1926 8 11 13 11 11 14 9 13 11 13 10 15 11 12 10 8 10 7 9 7 8 10 6 11 5 6 10 ** Born 1895-1910 9 9 13 10 12 9 8 13 10 12 11 11 11 12 10 10 10 8 12 5 10 19* 3* 7* 19* 60* ** ** Born before 1895 10 12 11 8 10 9 5 13 8 9 7 9 6 8* 17* 14* 0* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Independents 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Republicans (incl leaners) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10 15 10 13 9 8 7 7 8 5 9 5 5 6 7 5 3 5 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 13 17 19 16 14 11 14 15 14 10 15 12 12 16 14 8 11 20 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10 14 9 11 10 9 7 10 7 7 8 8 5 5 8 3 5 6 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2A.3.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Strength of Partisanship 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Leaning Independent' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 19 15 18 15 18 15 17 17 21 21 24 26 26 27 24 22 27 25 30 27 27 27 27 26 29 28 33 32 Females 15 14 12 10 9 12 13 15 17 16 19 19 18 21 20 17 20 18 22 22 26 23 25 22 28 28 26 26 Whites 17 15 15 12 13 14 15 16 20 19 23 23 22 25 23 20 24 23 25 24 28 25 26 26 28 29 29 30 Blacks 14 12 6 11 11 6 9 13 7 8 11 15 16 18 12 14 21 14 23 23 16 27 22 15 17 19 25 19 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 13 9 10 10 9 9 9 10 7 12 11 14 11 13 12 13 11 10 16 15 18 16 16 19 21 24 17 17 High School Diploma 18 16 16 13 15 15 16 17 17 18 22 22 21 21 20 16 24 19 26 24 27 25 26 23 28 28 30 30 Some College, no Degree 19 21 21 16 9 16 21 21 32 25 26 26 30 30 30 22 25 23 24 27 29 25 26 26 29 28 31 32 College Degree/ Post-grad 34 24 16 11 18 15 17 21 29 26 30 24 27 35 24 25 25 29 30 28 27 25 25 26 28 27 27 25 Income 0-16 Percentile 11 9 8 6 2 9 10 12 9 12 18 21 16 18 20 15 26 18 22 21 23 27 26 22 26 ** 28 31 Income 17-33 Percentile 15 13 10 14 11 12 11 15 16 16 19 17 17 20 21 18 19 17 23 21 26 23 27 18 29 ** 28 33 Income 34-67 Percentile 16 15 19 13 14 15 14 15 20 20 21 22 25 25 23 19 25 22 25 26 26 23 23 27 28 ** 32 29 Income 68-95 Percentile 20 16 17 14 18 16 20 20 24 21 26 25 24 30 23 22 26 25 29 27 30 29 28 27 29 ** 27 27 Income 96-100 Percentile 23 23 18 11 18 6 19 23 24 17 20 30 25 32 29 22 25 26 23* 25 28 31 31 17 26 ** 33 19 Professionals 20 ** 20 13 17 ** 19 ** 24 26 25 24 27 31 26 22 22 26 26 26 28 28 26 23 31 ** 33 ** White Collar 18 ** 13 15 13 ** 16 ** 23 19 24 24 26 28 22 24 27 19 27 26 29 24 23 24 28 ** 24 ** Blue Collar 18 ** 18 14 15 ** 16 ** 18 16 21 24 19 20 19 16 23 20 25 24 24 27 26 26 27 ** 32 ** Unskilled 12 ** 9 5 24* ** 6* ** 19* 21* 30* 19* 28 22 33* 21* 25 25 24 26 27 16 30* 20* 32* ** 25* ** Farmers 13 ** 11 7 8 ** 5 ** 7 15 8 15 8 16* 16* 5* 20 18 21 16 28 10* 19* 20* 40* ** 21* ** Housewives 17 ** 12 10 9 ** 14 ** 15 17 18 14 17 20 18 14 17 19 23 21 24 21 25 20 29 ** 21 ** Union Households 18 14 17 14 16 ** 16 14 19 17 23 23 24 22 22 20 25 22 26 24 28 26 35 25 27 32 26 29 Non-Union Households 16 15 14 12 12 ** 15 17 18 19 21 21 21 25 22 19 23 21 25 25 26 25 24 24 29 27 30 29 South 10 ** 9 8 6 10 10 16 19 18 18 16 17 21 18 18 21 20 26 24 24 25 27 21 26 28 24 27 Nonsouth 19 ** 17 14 15 15 16 16 18 18 23 24 23 25 23 20 24 22 25 25 28 25 25 26 29 28 31 30 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 21 43 22 34 36 40 26 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23 27 21 30 21 30 30 31 27 29 26 32 26 28 27 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 20* 24 37 25 32 26 28 29 24 23 25 26 27 24 27 27 24 28 26 28 27 23 Born 1927-1942 18 23 24 15 14 22 20 21 21 24 23 24 22 25 24 19 24 19 24 25 25 26 20 21 22 24 23 22 Born 1911-1926 19 16 15 13 16 11 15 14 17 14 16 20 18 20 19 16 19 15 18 16 21 15 20 16 23 23 20 ** Born 1895-1910 17 14 11 11 12 9 10 13 11 14 13 17 14 13 13 5 14 13 13 10 16 24* 22* 0* 16* 8* ** ** Born before 1895 13 8 9 8 4 8 8 7 7 5 10 5 9 0* 17* 0* 0* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 17 15 13 12 12 13 15 16 18 19 22 26 23 27 22 20 23 21 25 24 29 29 27 27 31 31 35 34 Independents 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Republicans (incl leaners) 21 18 22 16 19 18 19 22 26 24 31 28 30 32 31 25 31 30 33 33 33 28 31 29 35 30 29 31 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 30 23 27 33 28 25 27 25 28 30 28 25 24 29 31 32 35 30 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 22 26 24 26 24 25 24 23 29 27 27 29 30 29 36 36 37 34 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 22 20 24 23 24 20 24 22 25 24 27 23 23 20 26 23 22 23 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2A.3.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Strength of Partisanship 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Weak Partisan' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 36 38 36 34 37 39 35 39 39 36 35 32 36 36 32 35 32 32 29 34 30 31 34 35 26 32 29 26 Females 41 41 38 44 40 40 41 46 40 42 42 37 42 38 41 41 37 40 33 34 33 35 35 34 28 33 27 30 Whites 40 40 37 40 40 40 40 44 41 39 39 35 39 38 38 40 35 37 32 36 32 34 36 34 28 33 27 29 Blacks 30 34 35 30 27 32 27 38 30 38 35 26 39 32 29 28 32 33 28 25 26 23 25 27 25 20 31 23 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 38 38 35 36 35 34 37 40 43 38 40 34 44 34 31 34 27 30 32 25 25 37 37 31 32 25 27 36 High School Diploma 41 41 38 40 40 42 40 45 42 40 39 34 39 39 37 39 35 37 31 34 30 34 33 34 25 30 27 25 Some College, no Degree 40 40 38 42 42 46 35 42 34 37 38 34 37 36 37 44 39 40 34 38 34 35 37 36 30 37 28 27 College Degree/ Post-grad 28 38 38 38 36 36 38 39 34 40 39 42 37 34 41 33 33 34 29 35 33 28 33 34 26 33 30 32 Income 0-16 Percentile 33 34 32 32 40 43 35 47 40 37 40 29 39 36 28 36 26 35 32 29 24 30 33 28 27 ** 27 25 Income 17-33 Percentile 38 33 40 39 41 40 39 32 36 41 36 31 42 40 46 39 35 37 36 29 30 36 35 35 27 ** 31 24 Income 34-67 Percentile 43 44 38 42 38 39 40 47 39 38 40 38 39 39 36 37 35 38 30 36 34 36 36 35 30 ** 30 29 Income 68-95 Percentile 42 43 35 41 38 38 41 41 43 40 38 38 39 39 42 40 38 36 32 38 33 34 36 38 27 ** 30 29 Income 96-100 Percentile 28 36 39 30 35 39 31 41 43 37 42 25 35 33 34 41 37 33 38* 42 33 22 23 34 30 ** 21 36 Professionals 36 ** 38 36 35 ** 36 ** 38 36 40 43 37 37 39 34 40 35 30 35 34 31 35 36 27 ** 28 ** White Collar 40 ** 38 44 41 ** 42 ** 38 39 40 32 37 35 40 37 34 40 31 35 34 37 36 31 28 ** 30 ** Blue Collar 38 ** 34 35 37 ** 35 ** 40 39 36 28 40 38 34 39 30 34 31 33 28 34 34 33 28 ** 25 ** Unskilled 32 ** 41 39 32* ** 17* ** 26* 38* 28* 41* 32 29 21* 47* 29 41 39 35 31 36 35* 40* 25* ** 34* ** Farmers 42 ** 35 34 31 ** 47 ** 40 42 39 43 46 51* 50* 39* 32 37 41 30 25 32* 42* 30* 22* ** 25* ** Housewives 42 ** 38 43 44 ** 42 ** 44 43 42 40 43 40 38 46 42 41 33 35 36 31 30 37 22 ** 31 ** Union Households 41 41 37 36 36 ** 35 47 40 42 36 31 37 40 32 36 34 32 32 37 34 37 28 33 32 34 26 26 Non-Union Households 38 39 37 40 39 ** 39 41 40 38 40 37 40 36 39 39 35 38 31 33 31 32 36 35 26 32 28 28 South 40 ** 42 37 42 39 34 38 37 35 41 37 42 37 37 37 34 37 30 27 29 33 32 37 25 29 31 24 Nonsouth 38 ** 36 39 38 40 40 44 41 41 38 34 38 37 37 39 35 36 32 37 33 33 36 33 28 34 26 30 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 28 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 15* 34 34 43 28 30 28 28 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 25 36 43 36 36 30 33 34 36 35 38 27 39 33 28 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 44* 41 31 36 34 32 38 37 38 38 37 38 31 37 33 31 34 32 27 31 27 27 Born 1927-1942 42 38 37 38 37 43 39 45 41 39 40 38 40 42 38 39 37 35 32 31 29 30 37 28 26 26 23 24 Born 1911-1926 45 41 40 42 41 42 40 45 43 40 43 38 41 37 38 36 30 39 33 34 28 36 32 34 23 23 23 ** Born 1895-1910 36 39 36 37 37 35 36 39 37 39 38 34 37 31 33 45 28 34 37 33 24 36* 21* 51* 42* 10* ** ** Born before 1895 30 38 30 36 37 36 36 42 41 42 45 33 53 32* 17* 29* 50* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 44 46 46 40 48 43 41 51 46 44 50 40 48 45 44 43 42 43 38 37 35 39 37 36 31 35 31 30 Independents 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Republicans (incl leaners) 39 43 38 50 38 47 45 48 44 47 39 45 43 42 43 45 37 41 34 41 37 35 39 43 31 37 30 34 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 32 31 37 32 34 30 31 34 32 30 28 32 35 27 26 32 24 27 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 37 40 38 40 41 40 39 34 38 34 40 36 34 32 35 29 25 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 42 36 38 40 37 36 33 37 30 35 32 26 34 40 25 34 30 30 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2A.3.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Strength of Partisanship 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Strong Partisan' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 37 37 35 42 34 36 39 30 29 30 25 25 22 20 27 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 29 28 32 31 28 29 Females 34 33 36 34 38 35 37 26 30 28 25 27 25 25 26 30 30 28 33 30 29 30 31 31 31 31 38 34 Whites 35 35 36 38 37 35 36 27 27 28 24 25 22 21 23 27 29 26 30 28 28 29 29 27 30 29 35 29 Blacks 36 35 34 39 32 41 54 32 57 43 40 42 36 39 48 53 34 43 41 42 43 41 42 49 47 56 32 49 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 36 37 38 40 41 43 45 34 39 34 34 35 30 38 39 43 39 47 33 42 44 30 31 39 35 37 31 37 High School Diploma 34 35 33 35 33 31 35 24 28 27 23 25 23 20 24 30 27 26 29 28 29 25 28 27 29 31 30 30 Some College, no Degree 37 30 34 38 39 32 35 27 23 27 23 20 19 21 23 22 27 25 33 26 24 32 29 28 29 28 32 29 College Degree/ Post-grad 35 32 40 43 36 39 38 34 29 28 22 24 25 22 26 32 33 30 34 33 31 40 35 32 38 35 39 38 Income 0-16 Percentile 41 39 40 43 42 36 43 26 39 33 29 31 31 29 38 32 30 31 31 33 35 28 31 32 31 ** 28 28 Income 17-33 Percentile 36 38 37 36 35 39 41 35 32 29 28 33 28 23 22 33 33 32 30 36 31 31 29 36 29 ** 31 31 Income 34-67 Percentile 34 32 31 36 37 33 37 27 29 29 22 22 20 20 23 33 29 26 33 26 27 31 28 25 28 ** 30 30 Income 68-95 Percentile 33 32 37 36 32 36 33 28 23 27 26 22 20 17 24 26 27 26 30 27 27 28 28 25 34 ** 36 35 Income 96-100 Percentile 36 36 39 54 39 44 41 25 25 37 24 40 32 27 23 32 29 34 34* 32 29 39 42 41 33 ** 43 40 Professionals 37 ** 34 41 36 ** 38 ** 25 29 24 21 23 20 24 32 29 30 34 30 29 33 32 32 32 ** 33 ** White Collar 33 ** 35 35 38 ** 37 ** 27 27 22 26 23 22 25 25 28 26 33 30 25 31 33 31 31 ** 36 ** Blue Collar 38 ** 36 40 35 ** 40 ** 30 30 26 29 24 23 29 31 31 31 29 30 33 25 27 27 31 ** 29 ** Unskilled 36 ** 36 46 32* ** 69* ** 48* 42* 24* 24* 23 19 23* 21* 31 23 19 25 23 25 14* 32* 19* ** 16* ** Farmers 39 ** 44 45 44 ** 40 ** 40 37 40 38 31 23* 19* 43* 25 30 26 39 35 42* 27* 30* 31* ** 47* ** Housewives 33 ** 35 33 34 ** 35 ** 29 27 25 25 25 26 27 30 29 25 31 29 30 32 31 30 36 ** 42 ** Union Households 35 36 34 41 35 ** 42 27 29 27 25 27 22 22 28 31 29 34 30 32 28 29 30 30 31 27 36 37 Non-Union Households 36 34 36 37 37 ** 37 28 30 30 25 25 24 23 26 30 29 27 32 29 29 31 30 29 31 32 32 31 South 38 ** 36 40 36 34 46 30 31 32 25 26 25 25 29 35 28 30 32 32 32 32 31 30 33 35 36 36 Nonsouth 35 ** 35 37 36 36 36 27 29 28 25 26 23 22 25 28 30 28 31 28 28 29 29 29 31 29 32 29 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 20 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23* 24 15 18 16 25 23 34 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 14 13 15 17 23 24 20 18 24 25 23 27 24 29 35 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 24* 19 12 19 14 18 14 14 18 23 23 21 28 27 28 31 31 30 35 32 36 42 Born 1927-1942 30 22 24 33 33 24 31 21 26 24 21 23 21 20 27 31 31 34 36 34 34 36 35 42 42 46 44 48 Born 1911-1926 27 33 33 34 32 33 36 28 28 33 31 27 31 31 34 41 41 39 40 43 43 39 42 40 48 49 46 ** Born 1895-1910 38 38 39 42 39 46 46 36 42 35 38 39 38 44 44 41 48 44 38 52 51 22* 54* 42* 23* 23* ** ** Born before 1895 47 41 50 48 48 48 51 39 45 44 37 53 32 60* 50* 57* 50* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 39 39 42 48 39 43 44 33 36 37 29 34 29 28 34 37 36 36 37 39 36 32 35 38 39 34 33 37 Independents 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Republicans (incl leaners) 40 39 40 34 43 35 36 30 29 28 30 27 27 26 26 30 31 29 34 26 30 37 30 28 34 34 41 35 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 28 31 25 22 30 38 35 34 33 35 34 38 36 38 35 31 38 39 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 22 20 18 20 21 23 22 23 23 26 25 19 22 21 18 21 22 21 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 26 30 30 26 28 35 36 30 38 34 34 43 37 35 41 41 43 42 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2A.3.4 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 Table 2B.1 Average Feelings Toward Parties 1952-2004 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Democratic Party .1 ** .5 .5 .5 ** .4 ** -.2 ** .1 ** .2 .1 .2 .3 .3 .2 .3 .2 .3 -.3 .2 ** .4 ** .3 Republican Party .1 ** .1 -.3 .1 ** -.2 ** 0 ** -.2 ** -.3 0 0 -.3 0 -.1 0 -.4 -.4 0 -.1 ** -.1 ** -.2 Net Pro Dem. - Pro Rep. 0 ** .4 .8 .4 ** .6 ** -.1 ** .2 ** .5 .2 .2 .6 .3 .4 .2 .6 .6 -.3 .4 ** .4 ** .4 Source: The National Election Studies 2008 NOTE: Open-ended text has not yet been coded for 2008; a revision of open-end master codes was initiated as part of the 2008 study. "Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic party? What is that? Anything else?" "Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Democratic party? What is that? Anything else?" "Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican party? What is that? Anything else?" "Is there anything in particular that you don't like about the Republican party? What is that? Anything else?" Affect (feelings) toward the Democratic Party is the number of Democratic party 'likes' minus the number of Democratic party 'dislikes.' Affect (feelings) toward the Republican Party is the number of Republican Party 'likes' minus the number of Republican Party 'dislikes.' The Net affect (Pro Dem. - Pro Rep.) toward parties is the difference between two sums: the sum of Democratic party 'likes' and Republican party 'dislikes' MINUS the sum of Democratic party 'dislikes' and Republican party 'likes.' This represents variables VCF0316,VCF0320,VCF0322 in the NES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009a was used to produce this table. Table generated: 13AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Average Feelings Toward Parties 1952-2004 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: DEMOCRATIC PARTY '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males .1 ** .5 .6 .4 ** .3 ** -.3 ** 0 ** .1 0 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 0 .1 -.5 0 ** .1 ** .1 Females .1 ** .4 .5 .5 ** .5 ** -.1 ** .1 ** .2 .2 .2 .4 .3 .3 .4 .3 .4 0 .4 ** .5 ** .5 Whites 0 ** .4 .5 .4 ** .3 ** -.4 ** 0 ** 0 0 .1 .2 .2 0 .1 .1 .1 -.5 0 ** .2 ** 0 Blacks 1.3 ** 1.1 .9 .9 ** 1.6 ** 1.6 ** 1 ** 1.1 .6 .8 1.3 .9 1.1 .9 .8 1.1 .8 .8 ** 1.4 ** 1.1 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. .5 ** .7 .7 .5 ** .8 ** .4 ** .3 ** .5 .3 .5 .8 .5 .7 .5 .4 .6 .3 .8 ** .7 ** .7* High School Diploma 0 ** .6 .6 .6 ** .5 ** -.2 ** .1 ** .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .4 -.1 .3 ** .4 ** .4 Some College, no Degree -.6 ** .1 .4 .2 ** .2 ** -.7 ** -.1 ** 0 0 0 .2 .2 0 .1 .1 .1 -.3 0 ** .3 ** .2 College Degree/ Post-grad -.9 ** -.2 -.1 -.1 ** -.3 ** -.6 ** -.2 ** -.2 -.1 0 -.1 .3 .1 .2 .2 .1 -.7 .1 ** .3 ** .2 Income 0-16 Percentile .4 ** .6 .6 .5 ** .7 ** .2 ** .3 ** .5 .2 .4 .7 .7 .4 .5 .5 .6 .3 .6 ** .7 ** .6 Income 17-33 Percentile .4 ** .6 .7 .4 ** .6 ** 0 ** .2 ** .4 .2 .3 .3 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .3 .4 ** .3 ** .5 Income 34-67 Percentile .3 ** .7 .7 .7 ** .6 ** -.3 ** .1 ** .2 .1 .1 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 -.4 .3 ** .2 ** .3 Income 68-95 Percentile -.1 ** .4 .3 .4 ** .2 ** -.3 ** -.1 ** 0 0 .2 .1 .2 -.1 .2 .1 0 -.7 -.2 ** .4 ** .1 Income 96-100 Percentile -1.3 ** -.5 -.2* -.7 ** -.3 ** -.8 ** -.5 ** -.6 -.1 -.4 -.5 -.3 -.3 -.6* -.7 -.1 -.4 .1 ** .1 ** -.2 Professionals -.6 ** 0 .3 .2 ** -.1 ** -.7 ** -.2 ** -.1 -.1 0 0 .3 .1 .2 .2 .2 -.5 .3 ** .3 ** .3 White Collar 0 ** .5 .5 0 ** .4 ** -.4 ** 0 ** .2 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 .2 .1 .3 -.2 .1 ** .4 ** .4 Blue Collar .6 ** .7 .8 .8 ** .8 ** .1 ** .3 ** .4 .2 .3 .6 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 -.2 .3 ** .4 ** .3 Unskilled .8 ** 1.1 1* .4* ** 1.3* ** 1.1* ** .2* ** .5 .4 .2* .6* .5 0 .4 .4 .6 0* .7* ** .4* ** .5* Farmers -.1 ** .7 .7 .2 ** .5 ** -.1 ** -.1 ** 0 0* .2* .3* -.1 0 .3 .3 -.1 0* -.5* ** -.3* ** .4* Housewives .1 ** .4 .4 .4 ** .4 ** -.2 ** 0 ** 0 .1 .2 .3 .1 .4 .2 .1 .2 -.3 -.4 ** .3 ** .1 Union Households .7 ** .8 .9 .9 ** 1.1 ** .1 ** .3 ** .5 .2 .3 .5 .5 .3 .4 .3 .5 0 .6 ** .6 ** .6 Non-Union Households -.1 ** .4 .4 .3 ** .2 ** -.3 ** 0 ** .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 -.3 .1 ** .3 ** .2 South .4 ** .8 .7 .4 ** .4 ** -.1 ** .1 ** .3 .1 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 -.3 .3 ** .3 ** .3 Nonsouth .1 ** .4 .5 .5 ** .4 ** -.2 ** .1 ** .1 .1 .1 .3 .3 .2 .3 .2 .3 -.2 .1 ** .4 ** .3 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** .6* .1 .4* ** .7 ** .4 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0 .1 0 .3 0 .3 .2 .2 -.2 .4 ** .2 ** .3 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** .8* ** -.3 ** .1 ** .3 .1 .1 .4 .2 .2 .1 .2 .3 -.4 .1 ** .3 ** .2 Born 1927-1942 .2 ** .6 .5 .6 ** .4 ** -.2 ** 0 ** 0 .1 .2 .2 .2 .3 .4 0 .1 -.3 .1 ** .2 ** .3 Born 1911-1926 .3 ** .5 .6 .4 ** .4 ** -.2 ** .1 ** .2 .1 .3 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .1 .3 ** .8 ** .5 Born 1895-1910 0 ** .5 .5 .5 ** .5 ** -.2 ** .1 ** .1 .1 .3 .3 .4 .4 .3 .7 .5 -.9* -.2* ** .2* ** ** Born before 1895 -.1 ** .4 .3 .3 ** .3 ** 0 ** -.4 ** .2* 0* .3* -.3* 1.3* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 1.1 ** 1.5 1.3 1.4 ** 1.2 ** .6 ** .7 ** .9 .5 .8 1 1.1 .9 1.1 .8 1.1 .8 1.2 ** 1.2 ** 1.2 Independents & Apolitical -.5 ** .2 .2 .4 ** -.1 ** -.6 ** -.2 ** -.1 -.1 -.1 -.2 .1 -.1 .1 -.1 -.1 -.3 -.3 ** 0 ** .1 Republicans (incl leaners) -1.3 ** -.7 -.6 -.8 ** -.9 ** -1.4 ** -.7 ** -.8 -.5 -.7 -.7 -.6 -.6 -.6 -.7 -.7 -1.4 -.8 ** -.7 ** -.8 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** .7 ** 1 .4 .7 1 1 .8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 ** 1.2 ** 1.2 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0 ** .3 .2 .3 .4 .4 .4 .5 .2 .3 0 .4 ** .5 ** .6 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** -.5 ** -.8 -.3 -.4 -.5 -.4 -.4 -.4 -.4 -.5 -1.3 -.7 ** -.5 ** -.7 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 2B.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Average Feelings Toward Parties 1952-2004 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: REPUBLICAN PARTY '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males .1 ** -.1 -.4 -.1 ** -.3 ** -.1 ** -.2 ** -.4 -.1 0 -.2 0 0 .1 -.3 -.4 .2 -.1 ** 0 ** -.1 Females .2 ** .2 -.1 .2 ** -.1 ** 0 ** -.1 ** -.3 0 -.1 -.4 0 -.2 0 -.4 -.4 -.1 -.2 ** -.1 ** -.3 Whites .2 ** .1 -.2 .1 ** -.1 ** .1 ** -.1 ** -.2 0 0 -.2 .1 0 .2 -.3 -.3 .2 -.1 ** 0 ** -.1 Blacks -.5 ** -.3 -.4 -.2 ** -.8 ** -1.2 ** 1.0 ** -1.1 -.4 -.5 -1.1 -.6 -.8 -.7 -.6 -.8 -.6 -.5 ** -.7 ** -.6 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. -.1 ** 0 -.2 .1 ** -.4 ** -.3 ** -.1 ** -.4 -.1 -.1 -.3 -.2 -.5 -.1 -.5 -.5 -.1 -.2 ** -.1 ** -.2* High School Diploma .2 ** 0 -.4 -.1 ** -.2 ** -.1 ** -.1 ** -.3 -.1 -.1 -.3 0 -.2 0 -.2 -.3 0 -.2 ** -.1 ** -.2 Some College, no Degree .7 ** .3 -.1 .4 ** -.1 ** .3 ** -.3 ** -.3 -.1 .1 -.3 .1 0 .2 -.3 -.4 0 0 ** 0 ** 0 College Degree/ Post-grad .8 ** .3 .1 .5 ** .1 ** .1 ** -.1 ** -.2 0 0 -.2 -.1 0 0 -.7 -.5 .2 -.1 ** -.1 ** -.3 Income 0-16 Percentile 0 ** .1 -.1 .3 ** -.4 ** -.1 ** -.1 ** -.3 -.1 -.1 -.5 -.3 -.3 -.2 -.4 -.5 -.2 -.4 ** -.3 ** -.4 Income 17-33 Percentile -.1 ** -.1 -.3 0 ** -.3 ** -.1 ** -.1 ** -.5 -.2 -.1 -.3 -.2 -.2 -.2 -.4 -.4 -.3 -.2 ** -.2 ** -.2 Income 34-67 Percentile -.1 ** 0 -.4 0 ** -.2 ** 0 ** -.2 ** -.4 -.1 -.1 -.5 0 -.2 0 -.4 -.4 .2 -.2 ** 0 ** -.2 Income 68-95 Percentile .2 ** 0 -.3 0 ** -.1 ** 0 ** -.2 ** -.3 0 0 -.1 .1 .2 .2 -.3 -.3 .2 .1 ** -.1 ** -.1 Income 96-100 Percentile 1.7 ** .6 .2* .8 ** .2 ** .1 ** .4 ** .5 .1 .5 0 .5 .2 .8* 0 -.4 .1 0 ** .2 ** .1 Professionals .8 ** .2 -.2 .3 ** 0 ** .1 ** 0 ** -.3 0 0 -.2 -.1 0 0 -.6 -.4 .2 -.2 ** -.1 ** -.2 White Collar .2 ** 0 -.2 .3 ** -.2 ** 0 ** -.2 ** -.3 -.1 .1 -.2 .1 -.1 .2 -.3 -.4 .1 -.1 ** -.1 ** -.1 Blue Collar -.4 ** -.2 -.4 -.2 ** -.5 ** -.2 ** -.4 ** -.5 -.1 -.1 -.4 -.1 -.3 -.1 -.3 -.5 -.1 -.2 ** -.1 ** -.2 Unskilled -.4 ** -.3 -.6* .2* ** -.5* ** -.6* ** -.6* ** -.5 -.2 .1* -.1* -.5 .1 -.3 -.3 -.7 -.2*-1.1* ** -.2* ** -.3* Farmers .2 ** 0 -.2 .3 ** -.1 ** 0 ** 0 ** 0 .2* 0* -.1* .3 -.1 .1 -.6 0 .3* -.2* ** .5* ** 0* Housewives .2 ** .3 -.1 .2 ** -.1 ** 0 ** 0 ** 0 .1 0 -.3 .2 0 0 -.2 -.2 .2 .5 ** .2 ** -.2 Union Households -.4 ** -.2 -.6 -.3 ** -.7 ** -.3 ** -.4 ** -.7 -.2 -.2 -.6 -.3 -.2 -.3 -.3 -.6 -.4 -.5 ** -.5 ** -.6 Non-Union Households .3 ** .2 -.1 .3 ** 0 ** 0 ** -.1 ** -.2 0 0 -.2 .1 -.1 .1 -.4 -.3 .2 -.1 ** 0 ** -.1 South -.1 ** -.2 -.4 .2 ** -.2 ** -.2 ** -.1 ** -.3 0 0 -.3 .1 0 .1 -.2 -.3 .2 0 ** 0 ** 0 Nonsouth .2 ** .1 -.2 .1 ** -.2 ** 0 ** -.2 ** -.3 -.1 0 -.3 0 -.2 0 -.4 -.4 0 -.2 ** -.1 ** -.2 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** -.4* 0 .1* ** -.4 ** -.3 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** .1 0 -.1 -.1 -.1 0 -.2 -.3 0 -.2 ** 0 ** -.1 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** -.3* ** -.1 ** -.2 ** -.4 -.1 -.1 -.4 0 -.1 .1 -.4 -.5 0 -.1 ** -.1 ** 0 Born 1927-1942 0 ** 0 -.4 0 ** -.2 ** -.1 ** -.3 ** -.3 -.1 .1 -.2 0 -.1 0 -.2 -.4 .2 -.1 ** -.1 ** -.3 Born 1911-1926 -.2 ** 0 -.3 0 ** -.2 ** -.1 ** -.1 ** -.3 0 0 -.4 -.1 -.2 -.1 -.7 -.5 -.1 -.3 ** .1 ** -.2 Born 1895-1910 .3 ** 0 -.3 .2 ** -.3 ** 0 ** -.1 ** -.3 0 0 -.2 0 -.1 0 -.7 -.2 .7* .1* ** 0* ** ** Born before 1895 .4 ** .3 .1 .3 ** .1 ** .4 ** .4 ** .2* .2* 0* 1* -.5* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) -.8 ** -.9 -.9 -.7 ** -.7 ** -.7 ** -.7 ** -.9 -.4 -.6 1.0 -.8 -.9 -.8 1.0 -1.1 -.7 -.9 ** -.9 ** 1.0 Independents & Apolitical .4 ** .2 -.1 0 ** 0 ** -.2 ** -.2 ** -.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -.5 -.2 -.1 ** 0 ** -.4 Republicans (incl leaners) 1.7 ** 1.3 .7 1.3 ** .8 ** 1.1 ** .7 ** .6 .5 .9 .8 1 .8 1 .4 .5 1 .8 ** 1 ** 1 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 1.0 ** -1.1 -.4 -.8 -1.3 1.0 -.9 -.8 -1.3 -1.3 -1.1 -1.3 ** -1.1 ** -1.4 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** -.1 ** -.4 -.1 0 -.4 -.2 -.2 -.2 -.3 -.5 -.2 -.4 ** -.1 ** -.2 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** .3 ** .3 .3 .6 .5 .8 .5 .7 .1 .3 .8 .6 ** .6 ** .7 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 2B.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Average Feelings Toward Parties 1952-2004 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: NET PRO DEM. - PRO REP. '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 0 ** .7 1 .5 ** .6 ** -.3 ** .2 ** .5 .1 0 .3 .2 .2 0 .3 .4 -.7 0 ** .2 ** .2 Females 0 ** .2 .6 .3 ** .7 ** 0 ** .2 ** .5 .2 .3 .8 .3 .5 .4 .8 .8 0 .6 ** .6 ** .7 Whites -.2 ** .3 .7 .3 ** .4 ** -.5 ** 0 ** .2 0 0 .3 .1 .1 -.1 .4 .4 -.6 .1 ** .2 ** .1 Blacks 1.8 ** 1.5 1.3 1.2 ** 2.4 ** 2.8 ** 2.1 ** 2.2 1 1.3 2.4 1.4 2 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.3 ** 2 ** 1.7 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. .7 ** .6 .9 .4 ** 1.2 ** .6 ** .4 ** .9 .4 .5 1.1 .7 1.2 .6 .9 1.1 .4 1 ** .8 ** 1* High School Diploma -.1 ** .5 1 .7 ** .7 ** -.1 ** .3 ** .5 .2 .3 .6 .3 .4 .3 .5 .7 -.1 .6 ** .5 ** .5 Some College, no Degree -1.3 ** -.2 .5 -.2 ** .2 ** 1.0 ** .1 ** .3 0 -.1 .6 .1 .1 -.1 .4 .5 -.4 0 ** .3 ** .2 College Degree/ Post-grad -1.7 ** -.5 -.2 -.6 ** -.4 ** -.6 ** -.1 ** 0 -.1 0 .1 .4 .1 .2 .9 .5 -.9 .1 ** .4 ** .5 Income 0-16 Percentile .3 ** .5 .7 .2 ** 1.1 ** .4 ** .4 ** .8 .3 .6 1.3 1 .7 .7 .9 1.1 .5 1 ** .9 ** 1 Income 17-33 Percentile .5 ** .7 1 .4 ** .9 ** .1 ** .3 ** .8 .4 .4 .6 .6 .7 .7 .8 1 .6 .6 ** .5 ** .7 Income 34-67 Percentile .4 ** .7 1 .7 ** .8 ** -.3 ** .3 ** .7 .2 .2 .9 .3 .5 .1 .6 .6 -.5 .6 ** .2 ** .5 Income 68-95 Percentile -.3 ** .4 .7 .4 ** .3 ** -.3 ** .1 ** .4 0 .1 .2 .1 -.2 -.1 .4 .4 -.9 -.2 ** .4 ** .2 Income 96-100 Percentile 3.0 ** -1.1 -.4*-1.5 ** -.5 ** -.9 ** -.9 ** -1.1 -.2 -.9 -.5 -.8 -.5 -1.4* -.6 .3 -.6 .1 ** -.1 ** -.3 Professionals -1.4 ** -.1 .5 -.1 ** -.2 ** -.8 ** -.1 ** .1 0 0 .1 .4 .1 .1 .8 .6 -.7 .5 ** .4 ** .5 White Collar -.2 ** .5 .8 -.3 ** .5 ** -.5 ** .1 ** .5 .2 .1 .3 .1 .2 0 .4 .7 -.3 .2 ** .5 ** .4 Blue Collar .9 ** .8 1.2 1.1 ** 1.3 ** .4 ** .7 ** .9 .3 .4 1 .5 .7 .4 .6 .8 0 .5 ** .6 ** .4 Unskilled 1.2 ** 1.4 1.6* .2* ** 1.8* ** 1.7* ** .8* ** 1.1 .6 .1* .7* 1 -.2 .7 .7 1.4 .2* 1.8* ** .6* ** .8* Farmers -.3 ** .7 .9 -.2 ** .6 ** -.2 ** -.2 ** 0 -.2* .2* .4* -.4 .1 .2 .9 -.1 -.3* -.2* ** -.8* ** .4* Housewives -.2 ** .1 .5 .2 ** .5 ** -.2 ** 0 ** .1 0 .1 .6 -.1 .4 .2 .3 .4 -.5 -.9 ** 0 ** .2 Union Households 1.1 ** 1 1.6 1.3 ** 1.8 ** .4 ** .7 ** 1.2 .5 .5 1.1 .8 .6 .7 .6 1.1 .5 1.1 ** 1 ** 1.1 Non-Union Households -.4 ** .2 .5 0 ** .3 ** -.3 ** .1 ** .3 .1 .1 .4 .2 .3 .1 .6 .6 -.5 .2 ** .3 ** .3 South .5 ** .9 1 .2 ** .6 ** .1 ** .2 ** .5 .1 .2 .6 .2 .2 .1 .4 .5 -.4 .4 ** .2 ** .3 Nonsouth -.1 ** .2 .7 .4 ** .6 ** -.2 ** .2 ** .5 .2 .2 .6 .3 .4 .3 .6 .7 -.2 .4 ** .5 ** .5 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 1* .1 .3* ** 1.1 ** .7 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0 .1 .1 .3 0 .2 .4 .5 -.2 .6 ** .2 ** .4 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 1.2* ** -.2 ** .3 ** .7 .2 .2 .7 .2 .3 .1 .6 .7 -.5 .2 ** .4 ** .2 Born 1927-1942 .2 ** .5 .9 .6 ** .6 ** -.1 ** .3 ** .4 .2 .1 .4 .2 .4 .3 .2 .6 -.5 .2 ** .2 ** .5 Born 1911-1926 .5 ** .5 .9 .4 ** .7 ** 0 ** .2 ** .4 .1 .3 .7 .5 .6 .5 1 .8 .2 .5 ** .7 ** .7 Born 1895-1910 -.3 ** .4 .9 .3 ** .8 ** -.2 ** .2 ** .4 .1 .3 .4 .4 .5 .3 1.3 .7 -1.5* -.4* ** .3* ** ** Born before 1895 -.5 ** .1 .2 0 ** .2 ** -.4 ** -.8 ** 0* -.2* .3*-1.3* 1.8* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 1.9 ** 2.3 2.2 2.1 ** 1.9 ** 1.3 ** 1.4 ** 1.7 .9 1.4 2 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.5 2.1 ** 2.1 ** 2.2 Independents & Apolitical -.9 ** 0 .3 .4 ** -.1 ** -.4 ** .1 ** .2 -.1 -.1 -.3 .1 -.1 .1 0 .4 -.1 -.2 ** 0 ** .5 Republicans (incl leaners) 3.0 ** 2.0 -1.3 -2.1 ** -1.7 ** -2.5 ** -1.4 ** -1.3 1.0 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.4 -1.6 -1.1 -1.3 -2.4 -1.7 ** -1.7 ** -1.7 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 1.7 ** 2 .8 1.5 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.7 ** 2.3 ** 2.6 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** .1 ** .7 .3 .3 .8 .6 .6 .7 .5 .8 .2 .8 ** .6 ** .8 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** -.8 ** 1.0 -.6 -.9 1.0 -1.1 -.9 -1.2 -.5 -.9 -2.1 -1.3 ** -1.1 ** -1.4 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 2B.1.3 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10 Table 2B.2 Average Feeling Thermometer Toward Parties 1978-2008 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Democratic Party 62 61 63 62 63 61 61 59 54 59 60 59 ** 58 57 Republican Party 55 57 54 58 57 59 55 52 57 53 50 54 ** 54 48 Net Pro Dem. - Pro Rep. 54 52 55 52 53 51 53 54 49 53 55 53 ** 53 55 Both Parties 59 59 58 60 60 60 58 55 56 56 55 56 ** 56 54 'Parties in General' ** 55 56 55 57 ** 53 ** 51 52 ** 53 ** ** ** Source: The National Election Studies "...using the thermometer how would you rate the following:" (CARD OR RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R ) Thermometer scale 0-100 administered. In the final Republican Party and the Democratic Party thermometer data, scores of 97 to 100 are collapsed to 97. The Net index (Pro Dem. - Pro Rep.) is constructed by subtracting the Republican Party thermometer rating from the Democratic Party thermometer rating, adding 100 to the difference, and then dividing by 2. The score for 'Both Parties' is produced by adding the Republican Party and Democratic Party thermometer ratings and then dividing the sum by 2. All results are rounded to the nearest integer. This represents variables VCF0218,VCF0224,VCF0291,VCF0290,VCF0222 in the NES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009a was used to produce this table. Table generated: 13AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Average Feeling Thermometer Toward Parties 1978-2008 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: DEMOCRATIC PARTY '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 61 59 60 60 60 58 59 56 52 55 57 56 ** 56 54 Females 64 62 65 63 64 63 64 61 57 62 62 61 ** 60 59 Whites 61 58 60 59 60 57 59 56 51 54 55 55 ** 54 52 Blacks 75 78 80 78 76 77 74 73 75 76 80 78 ** 74 77 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 72 72 74 71 73 71 71 71 69 72 71 62 ** 73* 73 High School Diploma 64 62 65 63 64 63 63 62 57 61 62 61 ** 61 59 Some College, no Degree 58 57 60 60 60 58 60 56 52 57 59 57 ** 56 57 College Degree/ Post-grad 56 54 56 58 59 56 56 52 49 53 54 56 ** 55 52 Income 0-16 Percentile 69 70 71 71 70 67 65 67 61 67 63 67 ** 64 66 Income 17-33 Percentile 66 63 66 66 66 63 67 64 62 65 66 60 ** 63 64 Income 34-67 Percentile 61 60 64 61 62 61 62 59 52 59 61 56 ** 58 57 Income 68-95 Percentile 60 56 59 59 58 57 58 53 49 50 55 58 ** 54 49 Income 96-100 Percentile 56 47 51 55 54 49* 48 47 46 53 52 54 ** 52 45 Professionals 58 56 58 59 59 58 59 54 51 54 57 57 ** 58 ** White Collar 62 59 60 61 61 59 60 58 53 58 60 59 ** 57 ** Blue Collar 66 65 67 66 66 64 63 63 57 63 64 60 ** 60 ** Unskilled 68 66* 69* 64 67 69 67 59 58* 63* 58* 66* ** 67* ** Farmers 65* 56* 61* 57 64 56 60 55 59* 53* 60* 55* ** 65* ** Housewives 61 61 66 59 62 62 65 60 53 54 55 58 ** 52 ** Union Households 66 63 66 64 65 65 63 61 60 62 61 62 ** 63 59 Non-Union Households 61 60 62 61 62 60 61 58 53 58 60 58 ** 57 57 South 64 64 68 64 66 63 65 62 56 60 61 58 ** 60 54 Nonsouth 61 59 61 61 61 60 60 58 54 57 59 59 ** 58 59 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 58 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 60* 53 58* 57 62 ** 60 57 Born 1959-1974 57 60 59 59 60 60 59 57 53 58 59 56 ** 57 55 Born 1943-1958 60 58 62 60 61 59 60 57 52 56 57 58 ** 56 55 Born 1927-1942 62 59 63 64 62 62 62 58 57 61 65 59 ** 60 64 Born 1911-1926 65 66 67 65 69 66 66 65 62 65 65 66 ** 70 ** Born 1895-1910 66 65 63 63 66 65 72 66 55* 49* 61* 56* ** ** ** Born before 1895 68* 70* 54* 79* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 73 73 75 75 75 76 72 72 70 73 73 74 ** 73 73 Independents & Apolitical 54 53 51 56 55 53 52 53 51 53 54 52 ** 55 52 Republicans (incl leaners) 47 44 45 47 47 45 49 43 38 40 44 40 ** 41 37 Liberals 65 67 71 70 70 69 67 67 68 69 67 69 ** 70 70 Moderates 64 62 64 64 64 64 62 59 59 62 60 61 ** 61 58 Conservatives 54 51 52 52 54 52 53 48 42 45 51 46 ** 45 42 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 2B.2.1 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Average Feeling Thermometer Toward Parties 1978-2008 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: REPUBLICAN PARTY '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 54 57 54 58 57 60 55 51 58 56 52 55 ** 55 47 Females 56 56 53 58 56 58 55 52 55 51 49 53 ** 52 48 Whites 57 58 56 59 59 61 56 53 58 55 52 56 ** 55 50 Blacks 45 50 38 44 44 46 46 42 53 46 40 45 ** 43 36 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 54 54 47 55 50 54 51 50 56 51 51 55 ** 40* 42 High School Diploma 55 57 54 58 56 58 55 52 56 54 51 53 ** 56 47 Some College, no Degree 55 58 54 59 58 61 56 51 57 53 50 55 ** 55 49 College Degree/ Post-grad 57 55 56 56 58 61 55 51 58 54 50 54 ** 51 46 Income 0-16 Percentile 55 56 48 54 51 52 53 52 53 51 51 50 ** 52 42 Income 17-33 Percentile 53 55 52 55 55 57 50 50 55 52 50 51 ** 51 44 Income 34-67 Percentile 55 56 54 58 56 60 56 51 57 53 50 55 ** 55 48 Income 68-95 Percentile 56 59 55 59 60 62 55 53 59 57 50 54 ** 55 51 Income 96-100 Percentile 56 61 61 66 64 70* 63 54 63 58 53 60 ** 55 56 Professionals 57 57 56 58 58 60 56 52 58 54 50 54 ** 50 ** White Collar 55 56 55 59 58 61 55 52 56 52 51 55 ** 56 ** Blue Collar 53 57 51 55 54 57 53 50 56 53 49 51 ** 55 ** Unskilled 52 55* 53* 53 57 58 56 52 51* 50* 59* 54* ** 48* ** Farmers 55* 58* 55* 66 56 57 47 55 65* 64* 51* 64* ** 50* ** Housewives 57 58 53 60 58 58 58 54 56 58 53 56 ** 62 ** Union Households 52 55 50 52 54 55 50 48 51 50 46 51 ** 49 43 Non-Union Households 56 58 55 59 57 60 56 52 58 54 51 54 ** 55 48 South 56 56 54 58 57 59 54 53 59 56 54 54 ** 57 52 Nonsouth 55 57 54 58 56 59 55 51 56 52 48 53 ** 52 44 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 45 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 53* 60 55* 56 50 ** 48 47 Born 1959-1974 58 54 55 55 56 59 56 53 56 52 51 56 ** 55 47 Born 1943-1958 54 55 53 57 57 58 53 50 56 53 48 53 ** 56 53 Born 1927-1942 54 58 52 59 56 60 57 53 58 56 50 56 ** 53 53 Born 1911-1926 56 58 54 58 56 59 56 51 57 52 51 52 ** 54 ** Born 1895-1910 59 59 58 60 59 60 47 51 60* 63* 58* 63* ** ** ** Born before 1895 62* 61* 60* 80* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 48 48 44 45 46 46 45 41 46 42 39 42 ** 38 33 Independents & Apolitical 53 56 53 56 54 55 52 48 51 53 50 51 ** 49 49 Republicans (incl leaners) 68 71 71 74 72 75 69 67 70 69 67 70 ** 73 67 Liberals 47 47 42 46 46 48 45 38 42 39 38 41 ** 33 31 Moderates 56 57 53 57 56 58 57 51 54 52 50 55 ** 52 46 Conservatives 62 63 64 68 65 69 62 60 66 64 61 63 ** 69 63 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 2B.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Average Feeling Thermometer Toward Parties 1978-2008 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: NET PRO DEM. - PRO REP. '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 53 51 53 51 52 49 52 52 47 50 53 51 ** 51 54 Females 54 53 56 53 54 53 55 55 51 55 57 54 ** 54 56 Whites 52 50 52 50 51 48 52 52 47 50 52 50 ** 49 51 Blacks 65 64 71 67 67 66 65 66 61 65 71 67 ** 66 71 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 59 59 64 58 62 58 61 61 57 61 60 54 ** 66* 65 High School Diploma 55 53 56 53 54 53 54 55 51 54 56 54 ** 53 56 Some College, no Degree 51 50 53 50 51 49 52 53 47 52 55 51 ** 51 54 College Degree/ Post-grad 50 50 50 51 51 48 51 51 45 50 52 51 ** 52 53 Income 0-16 Percentile 57 57 62 59 59 58 56 58 54 58 56 59 ** 56 62 Income 17-33 Percentile 57 55 57 56 56 53 58 57 54 56 58 55 ** 56 60 Income 34-67 Percentile 53 52 55 51 53 51 53 54 48 53 56 51 ** 52 55 Income 68-95 Percentile 52 49 52 50 49 48 52 51 45 47 53 52 ** 49 49 Income 96-100 Percentile 50 43 45 45 45 40* 42 47 42 47 49 47 ** 49 45 Professionals 51 50 51 51 50 49 51 51 47 51 53 52 ** 54 ** White Collar 54 52 53 51 52 49 53 53 49 53 55 52 ** 51 ** Blue Collar 56 54 58 55 56 54 55 57 51 55 58 54 ** 53 ** Unskilled 58 56* 58* 56 55 56 56 54 54* 57* 50* 56* ** 60* ** Farmers 54* 49* 53* 46 54 50 57 50 47* 45* 54* 45* ** 58* ** Housewives 52 51 56 50 52 52 53 53 48 49 51 51 ** 45 ** Union Households 57 54 58 56 56 55 56 57 55 56 58 56 ** 57 58 Non-Union Households 52 51 54 51 53 50 53 53 48 52 54 52 ** 52 54 South 54 54 57 53 54 52 56 54 49 52 54 52 ** 52 51 Nonsouth 53 51 54 52 53 51 52 54 49 53 56 53 ** 53 57 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 57 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 53* 47 52* 51 56 ** 56 55 Born 1959-1974 50 53 52 52 52 51 51 52 49 53 54 50 ** 51 54 Born 1943-1958 53 51 55 51 52 51 54 54 48 52 55 53 ** 50 51 Born 1927-1942 54 50 55 53 53 51 53 53 50 53 58 52 ** 53 56 Born 1911-1926 54 54 57 54 56 54 55 57 52 56 57 57 ** 58 ** Born 1895-1910 54 53 53 52 54 52 63 58 49* 43* 52* 45* ** ** ** Born before 1895 53* 54* 47* 56* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 62 63 66 65 65 65 63 66 62 66 67 66 ** 68 70 Independents & Apolitical 51 49 49 50 51 49 50 53 50 50 52 50 ** 53 51 Republicans (incl leaners) 40 37 37 37 38 35 40 38 34 36 39 35 ** 34 35 Liberals 59 60 65 62 62 60 61 64 63 65 65 64 ** 69 70 Moderates 54 53 56 54 54 53 53 54 52 55 55 53 ** 55 56 Conservatives 46 44 45 42 45 42 46 44 38 40 45 42 ** 38 39 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 2B.2.3 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Average Feeling Thermometer Toward Parties 1978-2008 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: BOTH PARTIES '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 57 58 57 59 59 60 57 54 55 55 55 56 ** 56 51 Females 60 59 59 60 60 61 59 57 56 57 56 57 ** 57 56 Whites 59 58 58 59 59 60 57 54 54 55 54 55 ** 55 52 Blacks 60 64 59 61 60 62 60 58 64 62 60 61 ** 58 58 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 63 63 61 63 62 62 60 61 63 62 61 58 ** 57* 64 High School Diploma 59 60 60 60 60 61 59 57 56 57 57 57 ** 58 55 Some College, no Degree 57 58 57 60 59 60 58 54 55 55 54 56 ** 56 54 College Degree/ Post-grad 56 55 56 57 58 59 56 51 54 54 52 55 ** 53 50 Income 0-16 Percentile 62 63 60 62 61 60 59 60 58 59 57 58 ** 58 57 Income 17-33 Percentile 60 59 59 61 60 60 59 57 59 59 58 56 ** 57 55 Income 34-67 Percentile 58 58 59 59 59 61 59 55 55 56 55 56 ** 56 53 Income 68-95 Percentile 58 58 57 59 59 60 57 53 54 54 53 56 ** 55 51 Income 96-100 Percentile 56 54 56 61 59 60* 55 51 54 56 52 57 ** 54 51 Professionals 58 57 57 59 59 59 58 53 55 54 54 56 ** 54 ** White Collar 59 57 58 60 60 60 58 55 55 55 56 57 ** 57 ** Blue Collar 59 61 59 61 60 61 58 57 57 58 56 56 ** 58 ** Unskilled 60 59* 61* 59 63 64 62 56 55* 57* 59* 60* ** 58* ** Farmers 59* 57* 57* 62 60 57 54 55 62* 59* 55* 59* ** 58* ** Housewives 59 60 60 60 60 60 62 57 55 56 54 57 ** 57 ** Union Households 59 59 58 58 60 61 57 55 56 56 53 57 ** 56 52 Non-Union Households 59 59 58 60 60 60 59 55 56 56 56 56 ** 56 54 South 60 60 61 61 61 61 60 58 57 59 58 56 ** 59 55 Nonsouth 58 58 58 59 59 60 58 54 55 55 54 56 ** 55 53 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 53 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56* 57 57* 56 56 ** 54 54 Born 1959-1974 58 57 57 57 58 59 58 55 55 55 55 56 ** 56 52 Born 1943-1958 57 57 57 59 59 58 57 54 54 55 53 55 ** 56 56 Born 1927-1942 58 59 58 62 59 62 59 55 58 59 57 58 ** 57 61 Born 1911-1926 61 62 61 62 63 63 61 58 59 59 57 59 ** 62 ** Born 1895-1910 63 62 60 62 62 63 59 59 59* 56* 60* 61* ** ** ** Born before 1895 65* 65* 57* 74* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 61 61 60 60 61 61 59 57 58 58 56 58 ** 56 54 Independents & Apolitical 54 55 52 56 55 54 52 51 51 53 52 51 ** 52 54 Republicans (incl leaners) 58 58 59 61 60 60 59 55 54 55 55 55 ** 57 53 Liberals 56 57 57 58 59 58 56 53 55 54 53 55 ** 52 51 Moderates 60 60 59 60 60 61 60 56 56 57 55 58 ** 57 54 Conservatives 58 57 58 60 60 60 58 54 54 55 56 54 ** 57 54 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 2B.2.4 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Average Feeling Thermometer Toward Parties 1980-2000 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: 'PARTIES IN GENERAL' '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Males 55 55 54 57 ** 53 ** 51 52 ** 53 Females 55 57 55 57 ** 54 ** 51 52 ** 53 Whites 55 55 54 56 ** 51 ** 49 49 ** 52 Blacks 60 61 58 60 ** 58 ** 61 61 ** 60 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 57 59 57 59 ** 56 ** 57 57 ** 56 High School Diploma 55 56 55 57 ** 54 ** 52 55 ** 53 Some College, no Degree 56 53 54 56 ** 52 ** 48 49 ** 52 College Degree/ Post-grad 55 57 53 57 ** 51 ** 51 50 ** 53 Income 0-16 Percentile 56 58 57 57 ** 56 ** 55 56 ** 56 Income 17-33 Percentile 56 57 56 57 ** 54 ** 53 54 ** 54 Income 34-67 Percentile 55 56 54 57 ** 53 ** 50 50 ** 52 Income 68-95 Percentile 55 54 55 58 ** 52 ** 48 51 ** 51 Income 96-100 Percentile 54 56 56 58 ** 51 ** 52 52 ** 56 Professionals 55 56 54 56 ** 53 ** 50 50 ** 53 White Collar 56 55 55 57 ** 52 ** 50 51 ** 53 Blue Collar 55 55 56 57 ** 54 ** 51 54 ** 53 Unskilled 55* 56* 56 56 ** 57 ** 49* 56* ** 62* Farmers 53* 61* 53 60 ** 54 ** 59* 56* ** 47* Housewives 56 56 54 59 ** 55 ** 51 52 ** 54 Union Households 56 55 55 57 ** 52 ** 49 53 ** 52 Non-Union Households 55 56 55 57 ** 54 ** 51 52 ** 53 South 57 59 56 58 ** 55 ** 54 55 ** 55 Nonsouth 55 55 54 56 ** 53 ** 49 51 ** 52 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 48 51* ** 54 Born 1959-1974 58 54 53 55 ** 52 ** 49 50 ** 52 Born 1943-1958 53 54 52 56 ** 53 ** 50 51 ** 52 Born 1927-1942 57 54 57 59 ** 55 ** 54 55 ** 55 Born 1911-1926 56 60 58 60 ** 55 ** 55 55 ** 57 Born 1895-1910 58 57 57 60 ** 57 ** 50* 52* ** 63* Born before 1895 57* 60* 65* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 57 57 56 58 ** 54 ** 52 53 ** 55 Independents & Apolitical 50 47 49 51 ** 47 ** 44 45 ** 48 Republicans (incl leaners) 54 56 55 58 ** 55 ** 52 53 ** 53 Liberals 56 57 55 57 ** 51 ** 48 49 ** 53 Moderates 56 55 54 56 ** 55 ** 50 52 ** 52 Conservatives 54 56 56 59 ** 54 ** 51 52 ** 56 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 2B.2.5 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Best Able to Handle Most Important Problem 1972-2000 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Democrats 24 ** 34 17 10 29 24 23 23 ** 39 16 23 27 27 Not Much Difference 42 ** 46 60 43 44 43 54 53 ** 47 54 57 56 46 Republicans 25 ** 12 16 40 22 31 18 21 ** 13 28 20 16 22 Don't Know, Other 10 ** 8 7 7 5 2 5 3 ** 2 2 0 1 5 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1030 2224 2153 1346 1342 1830 2075 1698 1990 1737 741 1158 863 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 2B.3 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: (IF R HAS MENTIONED A 'MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM' IN THE NATION:) "Which political party do you think would be most likely to get the government to do a better job in dealing with this problem (1972: to be helpful on this problem) --the Republicans, the Democrats, or wouldn't there be much difference between them?" This question is variable VCF9012 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Best Able to Handle Most Important Problem 1972-2000 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Democrats' Percent of group: '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Males 26 ** 34 17 10 27 21 23 21 ** 38 13 20 26 24 Females 21 ** 34 17 10 31 26 24 25 ** 39 18 26 27 29 Whites 20 ** 31 14 7 25 22 21 19 ** 36 14 23 23 25 Blacks 53 ** 66 44 28 59 44 38 38 ** 52 26 35 51 41 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 24 ** 41 24 20 37 28 30 27 ** 42 24 22* 40 18* High School Diploma 21 ** 35 17 9 31 23 23 23 ** 39 14 24 22 26 Some College, no Degree 27 ** 30 16 8 26 23 23 22 ** 39 15 21 31 25 College Degree/ Post-grad 29 ** 28 15 9 25 26 21 24 ** 38 18 25 27 32 Income 0-16 Percentile 26 ** 43 22 17 34 35 30 29 ** 45 19 36 22 33 Income 17-33 Percentile 21 ** 40 21 10 35 28 25 31 ** 44 21 24 30 29 Income 34-67 Percentile 22 ** 36 17 10 32 25 22 24 ** 40 16 21 27 24 Income 68-95 Percentile 25 ** 30 12 6 24 19 22 18 ** 33 11 18 27 28 Income 96-100 Percentile 18 ** 13 10 1 21 10 12 14* ** 32 11 22* 24 29* Professionals 23 ** 26 15 9 24 25 22 24 ** 41 16 25 27 29 White Collar 29 ** 36 17 8 23 22 20 22 ** 37 17 29 25 28 Blue Collar 25 ** 40 20 11 37 25 27 23 ** 41 14 19 33 24 Unskilled 47* ** 41 15 16* 32* 24* 25 23* ** 43* 25* 29* 17* 20* Farmers 12* ** 30 23* 4* 30* 19 16 21 ** 24 5* 6* 4* 19* Housewives 19 ** 31 14 10 26 22 20 24 ** 36 12 10 19 23 Union Households 25 ** 43 21 11 36 29 31 27 ** 44 22 29 36 30 Non-Union Households 23 ** 31 16 9 27 22 21 23 ** 38 14 22 25 26 South 23 ** 35 17 12 31 24 21 24 ** 37 13 24 26 26 Nonsouth 24 ** 33 17 9 28 24 24 23 ** 40 17 23 27 27 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33* 19 35* 20 21 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** 19 13 24 26 19 23 ** 34 15 18 22 23 Born 1943-1958 31 ** 36 15 8 29 23 23 25 ** 39 17 24 29 29 Born 1927-1942 22 ** 28 17 11 29 23 25 21 ** 38 13 25 30 32 Born 1911-1926 21 ** 34 18 11 34 26 28 22 ** 47 18 28 35 34 Born 1895-1910 16 ** 40 22 9 23 20 23 21 ** 39 9* 38* 32* 0* Born before 1895 19* ** 28* 17* 25* 0* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 38 ** 54 30 17 49 44 40 42 ** 61 28 38 45 47 Independents 9 ** 21 4 4 8 12 7 9 ** 26 8 0 7 8 Republicans (incl leaners) 9 ** 11 2 2 4 5 7 6 ** 13 4 7 7 6 Liberals 44 ** 57 25 20 51 46 37 43 ** 62 38 50 46 51 Moderates 24 ** 32 16 8 32 24 22 25 ** 40 14 18 26 29 Conservatives 13 ** 18 11 5 15 12 17 13 ** 23 8 11 14 15 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 2B.3.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Best Able to Handle Most Important Problem 1972-2000 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Republicans' Percent of group: '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Males 27 ** 14 19 46 27 37 22 27 ** 16 34 23 17 31 Females 23 ** 11 14 35 18 26 15 17 ** 10 23 18 15 16 Whites 27 ** 14 18 45 25 34 20 24 ** 14 31 23 19 25 Blacks 6 ** 0 5 9 1 9 5 6 ** 5 10 9 3 12 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 17 ** 7 10 27 5 21 8 7 ** 9 16 9* 7 10* High School Diploma 27 ** 10 12 37 18 27 14 16 ** 9 21 15 15 18 Some College, no Degree 24 ** 15 18 44 25 35 22 28 ** 14 32 22 16 24 College Degree/ Post-grad 29 ** 22 31 53 36 41 25 30 ** 21 42 29 21 29 Income 0-16 Percentile 19 ** 7 12 27 12 18 9 12 ** 8 16 11 13 15 Income 17-33 Percentile 23 ** 7 11 35 16 24 13 17 ** 10 21 7 9 17 Income 34-67 Percentile 26 ** 13 15 38 17 29 17 22 ** 12 29 21 15 24 Income 68-95 Percentile 26 ** 15 18 51 29 38 27 27 ** 16 35 32 20 27 Income 96-100 Percentile 44 ** 25 27 72 42 54 28 45* ** 21 54 28* 26 26* Professionals 31 ** 18 25 49 30 37 25 27 ** 15 37 28 21 27 White Collar 19 ** 15 16 41 26 32 16 24 ** 13 26 23 16 21 Blue Collar 25 ** 9 10 36 15 25 14 20 ** 10 22 15 9 20 Unskilled 24* ** 2 8 38* 18* 32* 20 13* ** 7* 5* 0* 11* 0* Farmers 24* ** 17 11* 54* 23* 46 13 13 ** 18 45* 23* 21* 29* Housewives 25 ** 13 17 34 19 32 18 14 ** 16 28 24 23 21 Union Households 27 ** 6 12 37 17 25 17 17 ** 9 16 14 12 20 Non-Union Households 25 ** 14 18 42 23 33 18 22 ** 14 31 21 17 23 South 24 ** 13 17 38 21 31 16 21 ** 16 31 20 16 24 Nonsouth 25 ** 12 16 41 22 31 19 21 ** 12 27 20 16 22 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0* 27 0* 17 10 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** 13 34 21 28 20 21 ** 14 27 18 15 24 Born 1943-1958 22 ** 9 14 39 22 33 20 23 ** 15 31 26 16 27 Born 1927-1942 25 ** 14 17 45 21 31 18 23 ** 12 29 20 16 24 Born 1911-1926 28 ** 14 16 39 20 29 12 17 ** 9 25 18 19 20 Born 1895-1910 26 ** 16 22 41 24 34 12 17 ** 17 30* 38* 0* 17* Born before 1895 31* ** 16* 22* 38* 50* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 14 ** 4 5 23 5 11 5 7 ** 3 7 4 3 5 Independents 17 ** 6 4 28 12 21 8 10 ** 6 12 11 5 11 Republicans (incl leaners) 45 ** 28 41 71 54 57 39 40 ** 29 56 44 38 49 Liberals 14 ** 4 9 27 8 16 11 10 ** 5 8 3 7 7 Moderates 25 ** 7 11 42 18 26 15 17 ** 7 19 15 11 13 Conservatives 40 ** 29 33 61 45 52 31 37 ** 29 51 41 31 44 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 2B.3.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Best Able to Handle Most Important Problem 1972-2000 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Not Much Difference/ Don't Know' Percent of group: '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Males 46 ** 52 64 44 46 42 55 52 ** 46 53 58 56 46 Females 56 ** 55 69 54 51 48 62 58 ** 51 59 56 58 55 Whites 53 ** 56 68 48 50 44 59 57 ** 49 55 54 58 50 Blacks 41 ** 34 51 63 39 47 57 56 ** 43 64 56 46 46 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 59 ** 52 66 53 58 51 62 66 ** 50 60 69* 53 72* High School Diploma 52 ** 55 71 54 52 51 63 61 ** 52 65 61 63 56 Some College, no Degree 49 ** 55 66 48 49 42 55 50 ** 47 53 57 54 52 College Degree/ Post-grad 42 ** 50 55 38 39 34 53 46 ** 41 40 46 52 39 Income 0-16 Percentile 56 ** 50 65 56 55 46 60 59 ** 47 65 54 65 52 Income 17-33 Percentile 56 ** 53 68 55 49 48 61 52 ** 46 58 68 61 54 Income 34-67 Percentile 52 ** 52 68 52 50 46 61 54 ** 48 55 58 58 52 Income 68-95 Percentile 49 ** 55 69 43 47 42 51 56 ** 51 54 50 53 45 Income 96-100 Percentile 39 ** 62 63 27 37 36 60 41* ** 47 35 50* 50 45* Professionals 47 ** 56 61 42 46 38 53 50 ** 44 47 47 53 43 White Collar 52 ** 49 67 51 52 46 63 55 ** 51 56 48 60 51 Blue Collar 51 ** 51 69 53 48 50 59 57 ** 49 63 66 58 55 Unskilled 29* ** 57 77 46* 50* 45* 55 64* ** 50* 69* 71* 72* 80* Farmers 64* ** 53 66* 42* 48* 35 71 65 ** 58 50* 71* 75* 53* Housewives 56 ** 56 69 57 56 46 62 61 ** 49 60 66 58 56 Union Households 48 ** 51 66 52 48 46 52 56 ** 47 62 56 53 50 Non-Union Households 53 ** 55 67 49 49 45 61 55 ** 49 55 57 58 51 South 53 ** 52 66 49 48 45 63 55 ** 48 56 56 57 50 Nonsouth 51 ** 54 67 50 50 45 57 56 ** 49 56 57 57 51 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 67* 54 65* 63 69 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** 68 53 55 46 61 56 ** 52 59 65 62 53 Born 1943-1958 48 ** 55 71 52 48 44 57 52 ** 46 53 50 55 44 Born 1927-1942 53 ** 58 66 45 50 46 57 55 ** 51 58 55 54 44 Born 1911-1926 51 ** 52 65 50 46 45 60 60 ** 45 57 54 46 46 Born 1895-1910 58 ** 44 56 50 53 46 65 62 ** 44 62* 23* 68* 83* Born before 1895 50* ** 56* 61* 38* 50* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 48 ** 43 65 60 46 45 56 51 ** 36 64 57 52 48 Independents 75 ** 73 92 68 80 67 84 81 ** 69 81 89 88 81 Republicans (incl leaners) 46 ** 61 57 28 43 38 54 54 ** 58 40 49 55 45 Liberals 41 ** 38 65 53 40 38 53 47 ** 33 54 47 47 42 Moderates 51 ** 61 73 50 51 50 63 59 ** 53 67 68 63 58 Conservatives 47 ** 53 57 33 40 36 52 51 ** 49 41 48 55 41 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 2B.3.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Important Difference in What Democratic and Republican Parties Stand For 1952-2008 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 No Difference 41 ** ** ** 43 ** 44 56 44 ** 44 ** 42 ** 34 ** 30 44 35 48 35 42 35 41 33 ** 20 21 Yes, a Difference 50 ** ** ** 50 ** 55 40 52 ** 46 ** 47 ** 58 ** 63 48 60 45 60 50 64 56 64 ** 76 78 Don't Know, Depends 9 ** ** ** 6 ** 1 4 4 ** 10 ** 10 ** 8 ** 8 9 6 6 5 7 2 3 2 ** 5 2 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1757 1818 1449 1288 1347 1113 2859 1406 976 1079 1773 976 2252 1787 730 1279 1542 1060 2107 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 2B.4 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Do you think there are any important differences in what the Republicans and Democrats stand for?" This question is variable VCF0501 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Important Difference in What Democratic and Republican Parties Stand For 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'No Difference' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 41 ** ** ** 44 ** 39 52 40 ** 46 ** 42 ** 33 ** 28 46 30 45 31 40 34 41 31 ** 22 22 Females 41 ** ** ** 43 ** 48 59 46 ** 42 ** 43 ** 34 ** 31 41 38 51 38 45 36 41 35 ** 17 20 Whites 41 ** ** ** 44 ** 44 56 46 ** 46 ** 45 ** 35 ** 29 45 36 49 35 41 33 39 32 ** 17 20 Blacks 40 ** ** ** 35 ** 47 54 22 ** 22 ** 25 ** 26 ** 24 41 32 41 34 51 36 41 40 ** 30 26 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 45 ** ** ** 44 ** 59 65 49 ** 41 ** 39 ** 27 ** 32 38 46 52 46 51 73* 62 48 ** 39* 37* High School Diploma 40 ** ** ** 44 ** 43 57 46 ** 47 ** 47 ** 41 ** 36 51 42 55 43 52 43 51 45 ** 26 28 Some College, no Degree 32 ** ** ** 46 ** 34 41 41 ** 40 ** 42 ** 30 ** 24 44 27 45 32 36 25 36 28 ** 18 19 College Degree/ Post-grad 41 ** ** ** 38 ** 28 42 29 ** 39 ** 33 ** 20 ** 18 29 21 31 18 25 22 24 17 ** 9 11 Income 0-16 Percentile 37 ** ** ** 45 ** 51 62 51 ** 37 ** 39 ** 33 ** 35 44 41 51 42 54 50 46 51 ** 29 29 Income 17-33 Percentile 47 ** ** ** 45 ** 46 54 49 ** 45 ** 38 ** 33 ** 32 44 44 56 37 43 37 45 41 ** 23 27 Income 34-67 Percentile 43 ** ** ** 43 ** 44 55 41 ** 47 ** 45 ** 34 ** 30 48 28 46 38 40 37 48 33 ** 20 19 Income 68-95 Percentile 42 ** ** ** 43 ** 38 55 39 ** 42 ** 45 ** 35 ** 22 42 33 42 28 38 27 33 18 ** 10 14 Income 96-100 Percentile 27 ** ** ** 37 ** 39 49 37 ** 48* ** 38 ** 19 ** 29 31* 27* 41* 17 22 17* 25 18 ** 10 16 Professionals 40 ** ** ** 47 ** 35 ** 35 ** 45 ** 39 ** 26 ** 23 38 25 34 25 31 24 31 22 ** 13 ** White Collar 43 ** ** ** 44 ** 39 ** 43 ** 46 ** 43 ** 34 ** 25 45 35 53 33 41 35 37 35 ** 17 ** Blue Collar 38 ** ** ** 47 ** 45 ** 44 ** 44 ** 44 ** 38 ** 32 48 38 53 40 49 45 55 42 ** 26 ** Unskilled 40 ** ** ** 59* ** 38* ** 45* ** 44* ** 58 ** 23* ** 38* 23* 43* 53* 37* 47 46* 72* 56* ** 45* ** Farmers 48 ** ** ** 36 ** 60 ** 47 ** 48* ** 46 ** 48* ** 39* 69* 47 57* 49 38* 56* 64* 46* ** 25* ** Housewives 42 ** ** ** 38 ** 51 ** 50 ** 42 ** 40 ** 34 ** 37 41 41 51 40 51 35 42 30 ** 16 ** Union Households 41 ** ** ** 40 ** 38 53 44 ** 41 ** 43 ** 35 ** 29 46 32 45 31 45 36 39 24 ** 16 18 Non-Union Households 42 ** ** ** 44 ** 46 57 44 ** 44 ** 42 ** 33 ** 30 43 35 49 36 42 34 42 35 ** 20 21 South 39 ** ** ** 47 ** 48 62 48 ** 41 ** 37 ** 32 ** 29 40 40 50 38 48 37 44 37 ** 26 20 Nonsouth 42 ** ** ** 42 ** 43 54 42 ** 45 ** 44 ** 34 ** 30 45 32 47 34 40 33 40 31 ** 17 21 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 21 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* 46 25* 48 44 ** 23 21 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 ** 36 48 37 50 38 43 39 44 30 ** 14 21 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 43* 41 53 ** 45 ** 44 ** 35 ** 29 41 30 46 29 39 30 37 29 ** 18 21 Born 1927-1942 32 ** ** ** 39 ** 46 58 43 ** 46 ** 45 ** 31 ** 29 46 36 52 35 40 37 43 34 ** 24 21 Born 1911-1926 44 ** ** ** 43 ** 42 56 40 ** 44 ** 40 ** 35 ** 24 40 39 43 40 50 36 36 38 ** 28 ** Born 1895-1910 42 ** ** ** 45 ** 42 54 43 ** 39 ** 37 ** 30 ** 41 46 39 57* 32 48* 65* 57* 31* ** ** ** Born before 1895 39 ** ** ** 48 ** 50 64 54 ** 32* ** 46 ** 40* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 41 ** ** ** 40 ** 44 57 41 ** 40 ** 35 ** 34 ** 27 40 33 43 31 46 37 35 33 ** 23 18 Independents 56 ** ** ** 53 ** 63 74 60 ** 56 ** 64 ** 52 ** 45 59 61 67 56 63 50 70 48 ** 34 47 Republicans (incl leaners) 41 ** ** ** 46 ** 38 46 42 ** 44 ** 44 ** 26 ** 28 43 29 49 34 33 27 40 28 ** 13 16 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 36 ** 32 ** 27 ** 26 35 26 32 25 32 24 27 20 ** 14 12 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 47 ** 49 ** 38 ** 31 49 36 53 37 51 41 41 37 ** 24 27 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 42 ** 40 ** 24 ** 19 41 25 42 27 29 24 33 19 ** 13 12 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2B.4.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Important Difference in What Democratic and Republican Parties Stand For 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Yes, a Difference' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 54 ** ** ** 53 ** 61 46 57 ** 48 ** 53 ** 62 ** 68 48 66 51 66 53 65 58 67 ** 75 78 Females 46 ** ** ** 48 ** 51 36 48 ** 45 ** 43 ** 55 ** 58 48 55 41 55 48 62 55 62 ** 76 78 Whites 51 ** ** ** 51 ** 55 40 50 ** 44 ** 45 ** 58 ** 64 47 59 45 61 53 66 59 66 ** 79 79 Blacks 43 ** ** ** 50 ** 53 41 74 ** 63 ** 63 ** 61 ** 65 49 60 54 58 41 62 55 56 ** 65 72 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 43 ** ** ** 45 ** 40 31 45 ** 40 ** 42 ** 54 ** 51 43 41 40 45 32 20* 34 37 ** 43* 55* High School Diploma 53 ** ** ** 50 ** 56 38 49 ** 42 ** 42 ** 48 ** 55 39 50 38 49 39 55 45 52 ** 67 70 Some College, no Degree 62 ** ** ** 54 ** 66 57 57 ** 56 ** 53 ** 66 ** 71 51 70 51 65 57 75 62 71 ** 79 80 College Degree/ Post-grad 58 ** ** ** 60 ** 71 54 69 ** 58 ** 64 ** 79 ** 78 69 77 66 81 72 77 75 82 ** 91 88 Income 0-16 Percentile 44 ** ** ** 40 ** 48 33 44 ** 46 ** 43 ** 51 ** 53 42 48 37 50 36 49 49 44 ** 63 67 Income 17-33 Percentile 45 ** ** ** 46 ** 53 37 46 ** 43 ** 49 ** 57 ** 56 42 51 41 56 48 59 53 58 ** 73 72 Income 34-67 Percentile 50 ** ** ** 52 ** 56 41 54 ** 42 ** 46 ** 59 ** 64 46 66 47 58 53 61 50 64 ** 75 79 Income 68-95 Percentile 54 ** ** ** 54 ** 61 44 59 ** 53 ** 50 ** 60 ** 73 55 64 53 69 56 73 65 81 ** 87 86 Income 96-100 Percentile 68 ** ** ** 63 ** 61 45 62 ** 52* ** 57 ** 79 ** 69 67* 70* 54* 81 75 83* 74 81 ** 90 84 Professionals 58 ** ** ** 53 ** 65 ** 63 ** 52 ** 57 ** 72 ** 74 59 72 62 72 64 76 68 77 ** 86 ** White Collar 52 ** ** ** 52 ** 60 ** 54 ** 45 ** 47 ** 58 ** 66 46 60 40 62 52 65 60 63 ** 77 ** Blue Collar 56 ** ** ** 50 ** 55 ** 51 ** 45 ** 46 ** 53 ** 58 41 54 40 55 42 53 43 56 ** 67 ** Unskilled 46 ** ** ** 38* ** 63* ** 50* ** 50* ** 37 ** 65* ** 62* 54* 55* 44* 58* 44 54* 28* 38* ** 55* ** Farmers 43 ** ** ** 52 ** 40 ** 45 ** 35* ** 37 ** 45* ** 45* 25* 53 34* 43 48* 44* 36* 50* ** 76* ** Housewives 45 ** ** ** 49 ** 48 ** 44 ** 42 ** 41 ** 49 ** 52 50 52 41 49 43 62 50 67 ** 79 ** Union Households 52 ** ** ** 54 ** 62 44 52 ** 48 ** 49 ** 59 ** 64 50 62 53 66 50 63 59 73 ** 78 81 Non-Union Households 49 ** ** ** 49 ** 53 39 52 ** 46 ** 47 ** 58 ** 62 47 59 44 59 50 64 56 63 ** 75 77 South 45 ** ** ** 41 ** 52 35 47 ** 47 ** 46 ** 56 ** 59 48 54 42 55 44 60 52 60 ** 69 78 Nonsouth 51 ** ** ** 54 ** 56 42 54 ** 46 ** 48 ** 59 ** 64 48 62 47 62 53 66 58 66 ** 79 77 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 78 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 54* 46 67* 50 54 ** 70 78 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 52 ** 51 42 56 41 56 49 60 55 68 ** 83 77 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 57* 53 42 ** 44 ** 47 ** 57 ** 66 51 65 49 67 55 69 59 68 ** 77 77 Born 1927-1942 54 ** ** ** 51 ** 53 37 52 ** 47 ** 46 ** 63 ** 64 50 61 44 60 52 60 54 63 ** 72 72 Born 1911-1926 47 ** ** ** 52 ** 58 41 56 ** 48 ** 51 ** 57 ** 66 48 57 50 54 42 63 61 59 ** 65 ** Born 1895-1910 51 ** ** ** 50 ** 56 42 55 ** 45 ** 45 ** 58 ** 51 39 44 43* 59 40* 35* 43* 43* ** ** ** Born before 1895 51 ** ** ** 46 ** 50 31 41 ** 45* ** 45 ** 40* ** 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 52 ** ** ** 54 ** 56 39 55 ** 49 ** 54 ** 58 ** 67 53 62 53 65 47 62 63 64 ** 73 81 Independents 35 ** ** ** 36 ** 37 20 35 ** 29 ** 22 ** 33 ** 40 22 26 16 34 27 46 22 45 ** 54 48 Republicans (incl leaners) 52 ** ** ** 50 ** 60 50 54 ** 49 ** 49 ** 69 ** 65 51 66 45 62 61 71 59 71 ** 84 83 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 61 ** 65 ** 67 ** 70 62 69 64 72 65 75 71 80 ** 82 87 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 44 ** 44 ** 58 ** 63 44 59 42 59 42 57 57 63 ** 75 72 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 51 ** 55 ** 74 ** 76 54 71 56 70 67 76 65 80 ** 85 87 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2B.4.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Important Difference in What Democratic and Republican Parties Stand For 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'DK' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 5 ** ** ** 2 ** 0 2 3 ** 6 ** 5 ** 5 ** 4 6 4 4 3 7 1 1 2 ** 3 0 Females 12 ** ** ** 9 ** 1 6 6 ** 14 ** 14 ** 11 ** 11 11 7 9 7 8 2 4 3 ** 6 3 Whites 8 ** ** ** 5 ** 1 4 4 ** 10 ** 10 ** 7 ** 7 8 5 6 4 6 1 2 2 ** 4 1 Blacks 17 ** ** ** 15 ** 0 4 4 ** 15 ** 12 ** 13 ** 11 10 8 6 8 8 2 4 4 ** 5 2 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 12 ** ** ** 11 ** 1 4 6 ** 19 ** 19 ** 19 ** 17 20 13 9 9 17 7* 4 15 ** 19* 8* High School Diploma 7 ** ** ** 6 ** 1 5 5 ** 11 ** 12 ** 10 ** 9 10 7 8 8 8 2 4 3 ** 7 3 Some College, no Degree 6 ** ** ** 0 ** 1 2 2 ** 4 ** 5 ** 4 ** 5 4 3 4 3 7 0 2 1 ** 3 1 College Degree/ Post-grad 1 ** ** ** 2 ** 1 4 2 ** 3 ** 4 ** 0 ** 4 3 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 ** 0 0 Income 0-16 Percentile 19 ** ** ** 15 ** 0 5 5 ** 17 ** 18 ** 16 ** 12 13 11 12 8 10 2 5 5 ** 8 4 Income 17-33 Percentile 8 ** ** ** 10 ** 2 9 5 ** 13 ** 13 ** 10 ** 12 15 5 3 8 8 4 2 1 ** 4 1 Income 34-67 Percentile 7 ** ** ** 5 ** 0 5 5 ** 11 ** 9 ** 7 ** 6 6 6 7 5 7 2 3 3 ** 4 2 Income 68-95 Percentile 4 ** ** ** 3 ** 1 2 2 ** 5 ** 5 ** 4 ** 5 3 3 4 2 6 0 1 1 ** 3 0 Income 96-100 Percentile 5 ** ** ** 0 ** 0 6 2 ** 0* ** 5 ** 3 ** 2 3* 2* 5* 2 3 0* 1 1 ** 0 1 Professionals 2 ** ** ** 0 ** 0 ** 2 ** 3 ** 4 ** 2 ** 3 3 3 4 2 5 0 1 1 ** 1 ** White Collar 5 ** ** ** 4 ** 1 ** 3 ** 9 ** 10 ** 8 ** 8 9 5 8 5 8 0 3 2 ** 6 ** Blue Collar 6 ** ** ** 3 ** 1 ** 5 ** 11 ** 9 ** 9 ** 9 11 8 6 5 9 3 2 2 ** 8 ** Unskilled 14 ** ** ** 3* ** 0* ** 5* ** 6* ** 5 ** 13* ** 0* 23* 2* 3* 4* 10 0* 0* 6* ** 0* ** Farmers 9 ** ** ** 12 ** 0 ** 7 ** 16* ** 17 ** 7* ** 15* 6* 0 9* 8 14* 0* 0* 4* ** 0* ** Housewives 13 ** ** ** 13 ** 1 ** 6 ** 16 ** 19 ** 17 ** 11 9 8 8 10 6 3 8 2 ** 6 ** Union Households 7 ** ** ** 6 ** 1 4 3 ** 11 ** 8 ** 6 ** 7 4 6 2 3 5 2 3 3 ** 6 1 Non-Union Households 9 ** ** ** 6 ** 1 4 5 ** 10 ** 11 ** 9 ** 8 10 6 7 6 8 2 3 2 ** 4 2 South 16 ** ** ** 13 ** 0 3 5 ** 12 ** 17 ** 12 ** 12 12 6 8 7 8 3 4 3 ** 5 2 Nonsouth 7 ** ** ** 4 ** 1 4 4 ** 10 ** 8 ** 7 ** 7 7 6 6 4 7 1 2 2 ** 4 1 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 1 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 8* 8 7* 2 2 ** 7 1 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 14 ** 13 11 7 9 6 8 1 1 2 ** 3 2 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 0* 7 5 ** 10 ** 9 ** 8 ** 5 8 5 5 4 6 1 4 2 ** 5 1 Born 1927-1942 14 ** ** ** 10 ** 1 6 5 ** 7 ** 9 ** 5 ** 7 4 4 4 4 8 3 3 3 ** 4 8 Born 1911-1926 9 ** ** ** 5 ** 0 2 5 ** 8 ** 9 ** 8 ** 10 12 5 7 6 9 1 3 3 ** 6 ** Born 1895-1910 7 ** ** ** 5 ** 1 3 3 ** 17 ** 18 ** 13 ** 8 15 16 0* 8 12* 0* 0* 26* ** ** ** Born before 1895 10 ** ** ** 6 ** 1 5 5 ** 23* ** 9 ** 20* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 7 ** ** ** 6 ** 0 4 4 ** 11 ** 11 ** 8 ** 6 7 5 4 4 7 1 2 3 ** 5 1 Independents 10 ** ** ** 11 ** 0 6 5 ** 15 ** 14 ** 16 ** 15 18 13 17 10 11 4 7 6 ** 12 5 Republicans (incl leaners) 7 ** ** ** 3 ** 2 4 4 ** 7 ** 7 ** 6 ** 7 6 5 6 5 6 1 2 1 ** 3 1 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 4 ** 3 ** 6 ** 4 4 5 5 3 4 1 2 0 ** 5 0 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 9 ** 7 ** 5 ** 6 8 4 5 4 8 3 3 1 ** 2 1 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 7 ** 6 ** 2 ** 5 5 4 3 3 4 0 2 1 ** 1 1 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2B.4.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Is One Party More Conservative 1960-2008 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Yes, Democrats 11 ** 14 ** 9 16 15 ** 17 ** ** ** 15 ** 12 18 12 ** ** ** ** ** 17 16 Yes, Republicans 61 ** 59 ** 63 51 57 ** 54 ** ** ** 53 ** 57 44 57 ** ** ** ** ** 68 67 No, Both Same, Don't Know 28 ** 27 ** 28 33 28 ** 29 ** ** ** 32 ** 31 38 31 ** ** ** ** ** 15 17 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1811 1435 1339 1496 1109 2818 972 1772 974 2251 1059 2106 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 2B.5 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1960-1976: "Would you say that one of the parties (1972: either party) is more conservative or more liberal than the other (1970-1976: at the national level?)?" (IF YES:) "Which party is more conservative?" (IF NO in 1960,1968/ IF NO or DK in 1964,1970,1972,1976:) "Do you think that people generally consider the Democrats or the Republicans more conservative or wouldn't you want to guess about that?" 1984 and later: "Would you say that either one of the parties is more conservative than the other at the national level?" (IF YES:) "Which party is more conservative?" This question is variable VCF0502 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Is One Party More Conservative 1960-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Yes, Democrats' Percent of group: '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 9 ** 13 ** 8 17 14 ** 16 ** ** ** 14 ** 14 17 12 ** ** ** ** ** 17 17 Females 12 ** 14 ** 9 16 16 ** 18 ** ** ** 16 ** 12 18 12 ** ** ** ** ** 17 16 Whites 11 ** 13 ** 8 16 14 ** 15 ** ** ** 12 ** 11 16 10 ** ** ** ** ** 13 13 Blacks 15 ** 17 ** 15 18 27 ** 28 ** ** ** 31 ** 20 22 23 ** ** ** ** ** 31 33 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 9 ** 14 ** 9 20 16 ** 20 ** ** ** 22 ** 16 21 24 ** ** ** ** ** 37* 36* High School Diploma 15 ** 15 ** 10 18 16 ** 20 ** ** ** 16 ** 16 22 16 ** ** ** ** ** 26 25 Some College, no Degree 8 ** 15 ** 9 13 14 ** 18 ** ** ** 14 ** 10 15 9 ** ** ** ** ** 13 16 College Degree/ Post-grad 3 ** 6 ** 5 5 9 ** 5 ** ** ** 9 ** 4 6 4 ** ** ** ** ** 5 2 Income 0-16 Percentile 12 ** 17 ** 12 15 19 ** 22 ** ** ** 21 ** 17 21 20 ** ** ** ** ** 33 29 Income 17-33 Percentile 12 ** 15 ** 9 15 17 ** 22 ** ** ** 22 ** 15 24 19 ** ** ** ** ** 24 23 Income 34-67 Percentile 11 ** 15 ** 10 21 13 ** 18 ** ** ** 15 ** 13 17 12 ** ** ** ** ** 16 16 Income 68-95 Percentile 11 ** 11 ** 6 15 14 ** 14 ** ** ** 9 ** 8 14 6 ** ** ** ** ** 10 7 Income 96-100 Percentile 4 ** 6 ** 6 6 14* ** 4 ** ** ** 10 ** 2* 8* 2 ** ** ** ** ** 4 2 Professionals 3 ** 11 ** 6 10 11 ** 11 ** ** ** 12 ** 8 14 6 ** ** ** ** ** 9 ** White Collar 12 ** 13 ** 10 16 18 ** 17 ** ** ** 14 ** 9 18 11 ** ** ** ** ** 18 ** Blue Collar 14 ** 16 ** 11 20 17 ** 20 ** ** ** 17 ** 18 22 17 ** ** ** ** ** 19 ** Unskilled 9* ** 16* ** 16* 38* 33* ** 20 ** ** ** 19* ** 19* 9* 21* ** ** ** ** ** 38* ** Farmers 8 ** 10 ** 5 15 13* ** 16 ** ** ** 19* ** 15 29* 13 ** ** ** ** ** 33* ** Housewives 12 ** 13 ** 8 17 14 ** 18 ** ** ** 11 ** 14 11 14 ** ** ** ** ** 20 ** Union Households 17 ** 16 ** 9 22 14 ** 17 ** ** ** 13 ** 13 20 14 ** ** ** ** ** 17 17 Non-Union Households 9 ** 13 ** 9 15 16 ** 17 ** ** ** 15 ** 12 17 12 ** ** ** ** ** 17 16 South 13 ** 14 ** 8 15 20 ** 19 ** ** ** 18 ** 15 22 16 ** ** ** ** ** 22 16 Nonsouth 10 ** 13 ** 9 17 13 ** 17 ** ** ** 14 ** 11 16 10 ** ** ** ** ** 15 16 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 17 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** 17 19 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 18 ** 13 21 14 ** ** ** ** ** 20 14 Born 1943-1958 ** ** 19* ** 15 21 13 ** 18 ** ** ** 14 ** 12 18 10 ** ** ** ** ** 12 12 Born 1927-1942 13 ** 14 ** 10 17 18 ** 16 ** ** ** 12 ** 14 14 10 ** ** ** ** ** 17 32 Born 1911-1926 11 ** 13 ** 6 16 14 ** 15 ** ** ** 17 ** 13 16 14 ** ** ** ** ** 35 ** Born 1895-1910 11 ** 12 ** 8 15 15 ** 20 ** ** ** 19 ** 10 17* 21 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born before 1895 9 ** 17 ** 6 6 16* ** 19 ** ** ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 16 ** 16 ** 12 24 22 ** 26 ** ** ** 23 ** 17 26 17 ** ** ** ** ** 23 23 Independents 4 ** 16 ** 5 9 7 ** 11 ** ** ** 12 ** 6 8 10 ** ** ** ** ** 32 20 Republicans (incl leaners) 5 ** 8 ** 5 6 8 ** 6 ** ** ** 7 ** 9 8 6 ** ** ** ** ** 8 6 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** 13 ** 13 ** ** ** 17 ** 9 10 8 ** ** ** ** ** 13 10 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** 15 ** 19 ** ** ** 18 ** 12 20 11 ** ** ** ** ** 21 21 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** 14 ** 14 ** ** ** 9 ** 12 15 11 ** ** ** ** ** 9 9 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2B.5.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Is One Party More Conservative 1960-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Yes, Republicans' Percent of group: '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 69 ** 64 ** 68 59 63 ** 62 ** ** ** 60 ** 63 51 63 ** ** ** ** ** 70 69 Females 55 ** 56 ** 58 44 53 ** 48 ** ** ** 48 ** 52 38 51 ** ** ** ** ** 65 65 Whites 63 ** 62 ** 64 51 58 ** 56 ** ** ** 58 ** 61 47 61 ** ** ** ** ** 73 72 Blacks 43 ** 39 ** 60 47 49 ** 42 ** ** ** 27 ** 41 39 40 ** ** ** ** ** 54 45 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 46 ** 43 ** 49 33 39 ** 37 ** ** ** 24 ** 30 18 21 ** ** ** ** ** 35* 35* High School Diploma 59 ** 59 ** 58 46 53 ** 45 ** ** ** 45 ** 45 33 43 ** ** ** ** ** 53 49 Some College, no Degree 82 ** 64 ** 77 69 69 ** 65 ** ** ** 63 ** 69 51 66 ** ** ** ** ** 73 72 College Degree/ Post-grad 88 ** 89 ** 89 89 82 ** 87 ** ** ** 83 ** 84 80 87 ** ** ** ** ** 91 89 Income 0-16 Percentile 38 ** 42 ** 44 33 42 ** 35 ** ** ** 35 ** 36 27 33 ** ** ** ** ** 47 45 Income 17-33 Percentile 53 ** 56 ** 52 49 53 ** 46 ** ** ** 37 ** 51 35 46 ** ** ** ** ** 58 56 Income 34-67 Percentile 58 ** 59 ** 65 46 56 ** 51 ** ** ** 53 ** 57 43 58 ** ** ** ** ** 69 69 Income 68-95 Percentile 73 ** 67 ** 75 62 68 ** 65 ** ** ** 70 ** 73 59 73 ** ** ** ** ** 83 80 Income 96-100 Percentile 87 ** 85 ** 85 85 71* ** 87 ** ** ** 75 ** 82* 70* 84 ** ** ** ** ** 90 89 Professionals 84 ** 73 ** 82 73 77 ** 75 ** ** ** 75 ** 75 66 77 ** ** ** ** ** 84 ** White Collar 71 ** 68 ** 67 55 57 ** 57 ** ** ** 50 ** 64 43 60 ** ** ** ** ** 68 ** Blue Collar 55 ** 51 ** 55 43 51 ** 48 ** ** ** 47 ** 43 32 45 ** ** ** ** ** 58 ** Unskilled 62* ** 38* ** 58* 38* 47* ** 34 ** ** ** 38* ** 33* 41* 42* ** ** ** ** ** 50* ** Farmers 60 ** 54 ** 62 48 55* ** 42 ** ** ** 31* ** 58 37* 47 ** ** ** ** ** 56* ** Housewives 51 ** 58 ** 55 41 49 ** 42 ** ** ** 48 ** 49 42 46 ** ** ** ** ** 61 ** Union Households 56 ** 53 ** 57 43 56 ** 53 ** ** ** 53 ** 61 45 59 ** ** ** ** ** 69 70 Non-Union Households 64 ** 61 ** 65 53 57 ** 54 ** ** ** 54 ** 56 44 57 ** ** ** ** ** 67 66 South 52 ** 52 ** 64 48 48 ** 47 ** ** ** 43 ** 47 33 47 ** ** ** ** ** 59 67 Nonsouth 64 ** 61 ** 62 52 60 ** 56 ** ** ** 57 ** 62 49 61 ** ** ** ** ** 72 67 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 63 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62* ** ** ** ** ** 64 67 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 40 ** 52 35 53 ** ** ** ** ** 70 70 Born 1943-1958 ** ** 48* ** 55 47 60 ** 50 ** ** ** 59 ** 63 52 65 ** ** ** ** ** 73 71 Born 1927-1942 54 ** 55 ** 59 55 55 ** 57 ** ** ** 57 ** 56 47 57 ** ** ** ** ** 66 40 Born 1911-1926 66 ** 64 ** 68 51 60 ** 58 ** ** ** 54 ** 56 45 50 ** ** ** ** ** 46 ** Born 1895-1910 62 ** 63 ** 65 48 53 ** 49 ** ** ** 41 ** 48 27* 39 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born before 1895 58 ** 52 ** 56 49 50* ** 51 ** ** ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 55 ** 54 ** 60 44 51 ** 47 ** ** ** 44 ** 49 38 52 ** ** ** ** ** 62 61 Independents 57 ** 44 ** 50 42 42 ** 37 ** ** ** 33 ** 36 21 37 ** ** ** ** ** 37 39 Republicans (incl leaners) 74 ** 75 ** 73 67 72 ** 72 ** ** ** 70 ** 72 61 70 ** ** ** ** ** 81 83 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** 74 ** 77 ** ** ** 64 ** 69 67 74 ** ** ** ** ** 78 81 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** 55 ** 55 ** ** ** 49 ** 58 46 59 ** ** ** ** ** 65 59 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** 74 ** 74 ** ** ** 77 ** 73 63 70 ** ** ** ** ** 83 82 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2B.5.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Is One Party More Conservative 1960-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'No, Both Same/ Don't Know' Percent of group: '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 21 ** 23 ** 24 24 23 ** 23 ** ** ** 27 ** 23 32 25 ** ** ** ** ** 12 14 Females 33 ** 31 ** 32 40 31 ** 34 ** ** ** 36 ** 36 44 36 ** ** ** ** ** 18 19 Whites 26 ** 25 ** 28 33 28 ** 29 ** ** ** 30 ** 28 38 29 ** ** ** ** ** 14 15 Blacks 42 ** 43 ** 25 35 24 ** 31 ** ** ** 42 ** 39 39 37 ** ** ** ** ** 15 22 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 44 ** 42 ** 43 48 45 ** 43 ** ** ** 55 ** 54 61 54 ** ** ** ** ** 28* 29* High School Diploma 26 ** 26 ** 32 36 31 ** 36 ** ** ** 39 ** 39 44 42 ** ** ** ** ** 21 26 Some College, no Degree 10 ** 21 ** 14 18 16 ** 17 ** ** ** 23 ** 21 34 26 ** ** ** ** ** 15 12 College Degree/ Post-grad 9 ** 5 ** 6 6 8 ** 9 ** ** ** 9 ** 11 14 9 ** ** ** ** ** 5 9 Income 0-16 Percentile 50 ** 40 ** 43 52 39 ** 42 ** ** ** 44 ** 47 51 47 ** ** ** ** ** 20 26 Income 17-33 Percentile 35 ** 30 ** 39 36 30 ** 32 ** ** ** 41 ** 34 41 35 ** ** ** ** ** 18 21 Income 34-67 Percentile 31 ** 26 ** 25 33 31 ** 31 ** ** ** 32 ** 30 40 30 ** ** ** ** ** 14 15 Income 68-95 Percentile 16 ** 22 ** 19 22 18 ** 20 ** ** ** 21 ** 19 27 20 ** ** ** ** ** 6 12 Income 96-100 Percentile 10 ** 9 ** 9 9 14* ** 9 ** ** ** 16 ** 16* 23* 15 ** ** ** ** ** 6 10 Professionals 13 ** 16 ** 13 18 12 ** 14 ** ** ** 13 ** 18 20 17 ** ** ** ** ** 7 ** White Collar 17 ** 19 ** 23 28 25 ** 26 ** ** ** 36 ** 26 39 29 ** ** ** ** ** 14 ** Blue Collar 31 ** 33 ** 34 37 32 ** 32 ** ** ** 36 ** 39 47 38 ** ** ** ** ** 24 ** Unskilled 29* ** 47* ** 26* 25* 20* ** 45 ** ** ** 43* ** 48* 50* 37* ** ** ** ** ** 12* ** Farmers 32 ** 37 ** 33 37 32* ** 43 ** ** ** 50* ** 27 34* 40 ** ** ** ** ** 11* ** Housewives 37 ** 30 ** 37 43 37 ** 40 ** ** ** 40 ** 37 47 40 ** ** ** ** ** 19 ** Union Households 27 ** 31 ** 34 35 30 ** 30 ** ** ** 34 ** 26 35 27 ** ** ** ** ** 14 13 Non-Union Households 28 ** 26 ** 26 32 27 ** 29 ** ** ** 31 ** 32 39 32 ** ** ** ** ** 15 18 South 35 ** 34 ** 28 37 32 ** 34 ** ** ** 39 ** 38 45 36 ** ** ** ** ** 19 17 Nonsouth 25 ** 25 ** 29 31 26 ** 28 ** ** ** 29 ** 27 35 29 ** ** ** ** ** 14 17 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 20 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* ** ** ** ** ** 19 14 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 ** 36 44 33 ** ** ** ** ** 11 16 Born 1943-1958 ** ** 33* ** 29 32 28 ** 32 ** ** ** 28 ** 26 30 24 ** ** ** ** ** 15 17 Born 1927-1942 32 ** 31 ** 31 28 27 ** 26 ** ** ** 31 ** 30 39 33 ** ** ** ** ** 17 28 Born 1911-1926 23 ** 23 ** 25 33 26 ** 26 ** ** ** 29 ** 31 39 36 ** ** ** ** ** 20 ** Born 1895-1910 27 ** 26 ** 27 37 32 ** 31 ** ** ** 40 ** 42 57* 41 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born before 1895 33 ** 31 ** 38 45 34* ** 29 ** ** ** 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 29 ** 30 ** 28 32 27 ** 26 ** ** ** 33 ** 34 35 31 ** ** ** ** ** 15 16 Independents 39 ** 39 ** 44 48 51 ** 52 ** ** ** 55 ** 58 71 53 ** ** ** ** ** 31 41 Republicans (incl leaners) 21 ** 17 ** 21 27 20 ** 22 ** ** ** 23 ** 19 30 23 ** ** ** ** ** 11 10 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** 12 ** 10 ** ** ** 19 ** 23 23 17 ** ** ** ** ** 9 9 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** 29 ** 26 ** ** ** 33 ** 30 34 30 ** ** ** ** ** 14 19 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** 12 ** 12 ** ** ** 14 ** 16 22 19 ** ** ** ** ** 8 9 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2B.5.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Better Able to Keep U.S. Out of War 1956-2008 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Democrats 7 ** 15 ** 38 11 13 16 14 ** ** ** 26 18 22 16 17 ** 18 ** 12 ** 20 ** 42 50 Same 45 ** 47 ** 46 57 50 61 50 ** ** ** 51 62 48 64 52 ** 59 ** 69 ** 60 ** 39 32 Republicans 41 ** 30 ** 12 15 24 14 28 ** ** ** 17 13 25 16 27 ** 20 ** 18 ** 17 ** 16 13 Don't Know, Depends 7 ** 8 ** 4 17 13 9 8 ** ** ** 6 7 5 5 5 ** 3 ** 1 ** 4 ** 3 5 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1754 1914 1560 1284 1553 835 1357 1605 1414 2245 2155 2037 2484 851 1806 1208 1157 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 2B.6 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Looking ahead, do you think the problem of keeping out of war (1966-1972: a bigger war) would be handled better in the next four years (1966-1970: two years) by the Republicans, or by the Democrats, or about the same by both?" This question is variable VCF0522 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0010A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Better Able to Keep U.S. Out of War 1956-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Democrats' Percent of group: '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 9 ** 15 ** 37 14 13 14 13 ** ** ** 29 17 24 20 16 ** 18 ** 12 ** 22 ** 41 48 Females 6 ** 15 ** 38 8 12 18 14 ** ** ** 25 19 22 12 17 ** 18 ** 11 ** 19 ** 43 50 Whites 7 ** 16 ** 35 9 9 12 11 ** ** ** 25 16 21 18 13 ** 16 ** 10 ** 17 ** 40 46 Blacks 10 ** 13 ** 59 22 43 34 36 ** ** ** 38 32 34 4 29 ** 28 ** 21 ** 36 ** 54 66 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 8 ** 10 ** 34 8 15 20 14 ** ** ** 28 24 20 7 15 ** 21 ** 26* ** 24 ** 31 28* High School Diploma 7 ** 17 ** 40 12 12 15 12 ** ** ** 24 14 20 13 16 ** 16 ** 11 ** 18 ** 33 43 Some College, no Degree 7 ** 19 ** 39 11 12 16 16 ** ** ** 29 21 24 20 16 ** 18 ** 12 ** 21 ** 44 52 College Degree/ Post-grad 9 ** 18 ** 38 11 11 15 16 ** ** ** 29 18 28 19 20 ** 21 ** 10 ** 22 ** 56 58 Income 0-16 Percentile 8 ** 11 ** 37 8 15 16 21 ** ** ** 27 21 27 11 19 ** 21 ** 15 ** 23 ** 41 48 Income 17-33 Percentile 8 ** 11 ** 37 9 16 21 21 ** ** ** 31 19 27 11 18 ** 20 ** 15 ** 17 ** 38 50 Income 34-67 Percentile 8 ** 16 ** 42 12 11 17 11 ** ** ** 26 19 21 16 16 ** 17 ** 10 ** 18 ** 40 50 Income 68-95 Percentile 8 ** 20 ** 36 11 12 13 10 ** ** ** 25 17 21 22 15 ** 17 ** 10 ** 26 ** 47 50 Income 96-100 Percentile 7 ** 11 ** 36 10 9 17* 7 ** ** ** 22 14 20 15 6* ** 11 ** 3* ** 13 ** 52 49 Professionals 8 ** 20 ** 36 ** 11 11 13 ** ** ** 27 19 26 18 17 ** 18 ** 11 ** 20 ** 58 ** White Collar 8 ** 10 ** 36 ** 12 18 16 ** ** ** 27 12 21 16 15 ** 19 ** 17 ** 17 ** 37 ** Blue Collar 9 ** 17 ** 41 ** 15 20 14 ** ** ** 27 19 24 15 18 ** 19 ** 9 ** 23 ** 34 ** Unskilled 11 ** 17* ** 50* ** 26* 33* 23* ** ** ** 23* 23* 26* 16 15 ** 15 ** 29* ** 26* ** 33* ** Farmers 8 ** 6 ** 24 ** 15 11* 8* ** ** ** 22* 9* 9 16 16 ** 10 ** 0* ** 13* ** 40* ** Housewives 5 ** 15 ** 37 ** 10 14 10 ** ** ** 20 19 17 12 13 ** 17 ** 6 ** 16 ** 27 ** Union Households 9 ** 20 ** 47 16 15 20 13 ** ** ** 33 19 26 15 18 ** 20 ** 12 ** 23 ** 46 56 Non-Union Households 7 ** 14 ** 35 9 12 15 14 ** ** ** 24 17 21 16 16 ** 17 ** 12 ** 19 ** 41 48 South 10 ** 17 ** 35 8 15 16 15 ** ** ** 28 18 19 15 15 ** 19 ** 12 ** 20 ** 41 42 Nonsouth 7 ** 15 ** 39 11 12 16 13 ** ** ** 26 18 24 16 17 ** 17 ** 12 ** 20 ** 42 54 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 53 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0* ** 7* ** 18 ** 51 55 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 15 24 15 19 ** 22 ** 11 ** 21 ** 43 48 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** 42* 18 17 17 17 ** ** ** 29 23 24 17 18 ** 19 ** 12 ** 21 ** 39 33 Born 1927-1942 6 ** 17 ** 45 12 12 14 13 ** ** ** 22 15 18 20 15 ** 13 ** 12 ** 19 ** 33 44* Born 1911-1926 7 ** 16 ** 37 10 13 18 10 ** ** ** 25 14 24 11 13 ** 14 ** 14 ** 19 ** 36 ** Born 1895-1910 9 ** 14 ** 33 9 12 15 15 ** ** ** 24 15 20 8 16 ** 14 ** 5* ** 6* ** ** ** Born before 1895 7 ** 13 ** 28 6 13 15* 12 ** ** ** 33* 0* 25* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 14 ** 27 ** 53 17 21 27 22 ** ** ** 41 27 40 5 30 ** 27 ** 18 ** 33 ** 64 71 Independents 2 ** 3 ** 17 4 4 4 7 ** ** ** 11 2 9 8 7 ** 8 ** 7 ** 10 ** 14 20 Republicans (incl leaners) 0 ** 3 ** 14 2 2 1 3 ** ** ** 10 8 6 33 4 ** 9 ** 4 ** 7 ** 22 27 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 29 ** ** ** 44 37 47 11 33 ** 32 ** 21 ** 29 ** 66 78 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 12 ** ** ** 25 16 22 12 17 ** 14 ** 13 ** 25 ** 48 53 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 7 ** ** ** 20 13 12 27 9 ** 13 ** 6 ** 14 ** 32 31 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2B.6.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Better Able to Keep U.S. Out of War 1956-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Republicans' Percent of group: '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 42 ** 34 ** 15 17 25 16 33 ** ** ** 18 15 31 16 33 ** 23 ** 24 ** 19 ** 17 14 Females 39 ** 26 ** 10 14 23 12 25 ** ** ** 16 10 21 16 22 ** 17 ** 14 ** 15 ** 14 13 Whites 43 ** 31 ** 13 17 26 15 31 ** ** ** 18 14 29 14 31 ** 22 ** 22 ** 20 ** 18 17 Blacks 16 ** 19 ** 1 5 6 8 8 ** ** ** 6 4 7 25 8 ** 8 ** 5 ** 4 ** 3 1 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 34 ** 32 ** 8 14 15 11 26 ** ** ** 12 8 14 18 16 ** 15 ** 7* ** 12 ** 9 14* High School Diploma 40 ** 26 ** 12 14 25 12 27 ** ** ** 15 11 22 13 24 ** 17 ** 17 ** 13 ** 17 12 Some College, no Degree 56 ** 35 ** 20 18 29 17 34 ** ** ** 20 15 32 14 34 ** 21 ** 19 ** 17 ** 15 14 College Degree/ Post-grad 48 ** 37 ** 15 21 31 22 29 ** ** ** 22 17 32 21 33 ** 25 ** 23 ** 24 ** 16 14 Income 0-16 Percentile 33 ** 32 ** 9 13 21 10 23 ** ** ** 12 5 16 16 17 ** 12 ** 14 ** 9 ** 13 12 Income 17-33 Percentile 34 ** 30 ** 10 20 22 13 25 ** ** ** 11 13 16 15 20 ** 18 ** 16 ** 16 ** 9 9 Income 34-67 Percentile 38 ** 26 ** 13 14 24 11 27 ** ** ** 16 13 26 16 29 ** 19 ** 19 ** 15 ** 17 11 Income 68-95 Percentile 47 ** 30 ** 15 16 28 18 33 ** ** ** 21 15 34 14 32 ** 24 ** 22 ** 20 ** 17 19 Income 96-100 Percentile 62 ** 42 ** 14 24 24 26* 49 ** ** ** 31 19 39 12 60* ** 32 ** 22* ** 30 ** 22 21 Professionals 49 ** 35 ** 17 ** 30 17 37 ** ** ** 22 17 30 18 31 ** 23 ** 22 ** 19 ** 13 ** White Collar 46 ** 37 ** 17 ** 26 13 29 ** ** ** 18 15 25 16 31 ** 22 ** 21 ** 14 ** 19 ** Blue Collar 37 ** 27 ** 7 ** 21 12 27 ** ** ** 14 9 22 16 23 ** 17 ** 15 ** 15 ** 13 ** Unskilled 27 ** 44* ** 6* ** 0* 7* 27* ** ** ** 10* 21* 18* 16 20 ** 20 ** 7* ** 8* ** 15* ** Farmers 42 ** 35 ** 19 ** 28 5* 33* ** ** ** 19* 18* 33 11 36 ** 21 ** 47* ** 16* ** 10* ** Housewives 40 ** 25 ** 10 ** 24 14 23 ** ** ** 16 8 26 13 22 ** 16 ** 16 ** 24 ** 28 ** Union Households 32 ** 22 ** 6 13 21 11 25 ** ** ** 14 11 21 19 24 ** 16 ** 14 ** 15 ** 14 12 Non-Union Households 44 ** 33 ** 14 16 25 14 29 ** ** ** 18 13 26 14 28 ** 21 ** 20 ** 17 ** 16 13 South 29 ** 25 ** 16 15 22 14 29 ** ** ** 16 12 22 13 26 ** 20 ** 20 ** 19 ** 19 16 Nonsouth 44 ** 32 ** 11 15 25 14 28 ** ** ** 17 13 26 17 28 ** 20 ** 18 ** 15 ** 14 11 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 12 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 15* ** 16* ** 9 ** 10 10 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 11 9 23 17 29 ** 19 ** 20 ** 17 ** 15 15 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** 4* 18 23 14 24 ** ** ** 14 13 25 17 27 ** 20 ** 16 ** 20 ** 20 19 Born 1927-1942 42 ** 24 ** 11 14 22 14 27 ** ** ** 21 13 28 14 27 ** 22 ** 20 ** 17 ** 18 17* Born 1911-1926 39 ** 28 ** 11 15 24 13 32 ** ** ** 18 11 25 14 26 ** 17 ** 17 ** 14 ** 7 ** Born 1895-1910 40 ** 32 ** 15 17 27 14 32 ** ** ** 19 16 22 11 22 ** 20 ** 42* ** 33* ** ** ** Born before 1895 43 ** 41 ** 14 16 23 7* 29 ** ** ** 25* 29* 75* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 18 ** 10 ** 4 5 11 5 16 ** ** ** 5 5 9 27 8 ** 6 ** 5 ** 4 ** 2 2 Independents 44 ** 20 ** 11 10 20 10 16 ** ** ** 12 7 14 4 12 ** 8 ** 7 ** 7 ** 2 5 Republicans (incl leaners) 74 ** 64 ** 30 35 50 31 52 ** ** ** 38 28 49 4 54 ** 42 ** 40 ** 37 ** 36 32 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10 ** ** ** 7 8 15 30 14 ** 9 ** 5 ** 8 ** 5 2 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 ** ** ** 14 11 22 15 23 ** 18 ** 10 ** 16 ** 10 11 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 44 ** ** ** 29 22 45 8 46 ** 36 ** 38 ** 30 ** 30 28 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2B.6.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party Better Able to Keep U.S. Out of War 1956-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Same/ Don't Know' Percent of group: '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 49 ** 50 ** 48 69 61 70 53 ** ** ** 53 68 46 65 51 ** 59 ** 64 ** 60 ** 43 38 Females 54 ** 58 ** 52 78 65 71 62 ** ** ** 60 71 57 72 60 ** 65 ** 75 ** 66 ** 43 37 Whites 50 ** 53 ** 51 74 65 73 58 ** ** ** 57 70 50 68 56 ** 62 ** 68 ** 63 ** 42 37 Blacks 74 ** 68 ** 40 73 51 58 55 ** ** ** 57 64 60 71 63 ** 64 ** 74 ** 60 ** 43 32 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 58 ** 58 ** 58 78 70 69 59 ** ** ** 60 68 66 75 69 ** 64 ** 67* ** 63 ** 60 58* High School Diploma 53 ** 57 ** 49 75 63 74 62 ** ** ** 61 75 58 73 60 ** 67 ** 72 ** 69 ** 51 44 Some College, no Degree 37 ** 46 ** 41 71 58 67 50 ** ** ** 51 65 44 66 50 ** 60 ** 69 ** 61 ** 41 35 College Degree/ Post-grad 44 ** 45 ** 47 67 58 64 55 ** ** ** 49 65 40 60 48 ** 54 ** 67 ** 54 ** 28 28 Income 0-16 Percentile 59 ** 57 ** 54 79 64 74 56 ** ** ** 61 74 57 73 64 ** 67 ** 71 ** 67 ** 45 39 Income 17-33 Percentile 58 ** 58 ** 53 71 62 65 54 ** ** ** 58 68 57 74 62 ** 62 ** 70 ** 67 ** 53 41 Income 34-67 Percentile 54 ** 58 ** 45 74 65 72 62 ** ** ** 58 68 53 68 54 ** 64 ** 71 ** 67 ** 42 39 Income 68-95 Percentile 46 ** 50 ** 49 73 59 69 57 ** ** ** 54 69 45 64 53 ** 59 ** 68 ** 54 ** 36 31 Income 96-100 Percentile 31 ** 47 ** 50 66 67 57* 44 ** ** ** 47 68 41 73 34* ** 57 ** 74* ** 57 ** 27 30 Professionals 43 ** 45 ** 46 ** 59 72 50 ** ** ** 51 64 44 64 52 ** 59 ** 67 ** 61 ** 29 ** White Collar 46 ** 53 ** 47 ** 62 69 55 ** ** ** 55 72 54 69 54 ** 59 ** 63 ** 69 ** 44 ** Blue Collar 54 ** 56 ** 51 ** 64 68 59 ** ** ** 59 72 54 70 59 ** 64 ** 76 ** 62 ** 53 ** Unskilled 62 ** 39* ** 44* ** 74* 60* 50* ** ** ** 67* 56* 56* 68 65 ** 65 ** 64* ** 66* ** 53* ** Farmers 50 ** 60 ** 57 ** 57 84* 59* ** ** ** 59* 73* 58 74 48 ** 69 ** 53* ** 71* ** 50* ** Housewives 55 ** 60 ** 52 ** 66 72 67 ** ** ** 63 73 57 75 65 ** 68 ** 78 ** 60 ** 45 ** Union Households 59 ** 58 ** 47 72 64 69 61 ** ** ** 53 69 52 66 58 ** 64 ** 75 ** 62 ** 40 31 Non-Union Households 49 ** 53 ** 51 75 63 70 57 ** ** ** 58 70 52 70 56 ** 62 ** 69 ** 64 ** 43 38 South 60 ** 59 ** 50 77 62 71 55 ** ** ** 57 70 59 72 59 ** 61 ** 68 ** 61 ** 40 42 Nonsouth 49 ** 53 ** 50 73 63 70 59 ** ** ** 57 69 50 67 55 ** 63 ** 71 ** 64 ** 44 34 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 35 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 85* ** 77* ** 73 ** 38 35 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 54 76 53 69 52 ** 59 ** 69 ** 61 ** 42 37 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** 54* 65 60 69 59 ** ** ** 57 64 51 66 55 ** 61 ** 71 ** 59 ** 41 48 Born 1927-1942 52 ** 59 ** 44 74 66 72 60 ** ** ** 56 72 54 66 58 ** 64 ** 68 ** 64 ** 48 38* Born 1911-1926 54 ** 56 ** 53 75 63 68 57 ** ** ** 57 74 51 75 61 ** 69 ** 69 ** 67 ** 57 ** Born 1895-1910 51 ** 54 ** 52 74 61 71 53 ** ** ** 57 68 58 81 62 ** 66 ** 52* ** 61* ** ** ** Born before 1895 50 ** 46 ** 58 78 64 78* 60 ** ** ** 42* 71* 0* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 68 ** 63 ** 43 78 68 68 62 ** ** ** 54 68 51 68 62 ** 67 ** 76 ** 63 ** 34 26 Independents 54 ** 77 ** 72 86 76 86 78 ** ** ** 77 92 77 88 81 ** 84 ** 86 ** 83 ** 84 74 Republicans (incl leaners) 26 ** 34 ** 57 62 49 68 45 ** ** ** 52 64 46 63 42 ** 49 ** 56 ** 56 ** 42 41 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 60 ** ** ** 48 55 38 58 53 ** 58 ** 73 ** 63 ** 29 20 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 54 ** ** ** 61 73 57 73 59 ** 68 ** 77 ** 59 ** 41 36 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 49 ** ** ** 51 65 43 65 45 ** 51 ** 56 ** 56 ** 38 40 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 2B.6.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party More Likely to Favor a Strong Government 1964-2000 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Democrats 35 ** 30 ** 16 ** 19 15 23 ** 16 ** 12 ** 14 ** ** ** 23 No Difference 19 ** 26 ** 32 ** 38 31 28 ** 27 ** 20 ** 28 ** ** ** 19 Republicans 8 ** 12 ** 18 ** 10 10 13 ** 11 ** 13 ** 10 ** ** ** 9 Don't Know, No Interest 38 ** 33 ** 34 ** 33 44 37 ** 46 ** 55 ** 48 ** ** ** 50 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1565 1552 1261 2853 2274 1400 971 1512 1939 1297 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 2B.7 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: ALL YEARS: "Which party do you think is more likely to favor a stronger [1978,1980,1984: more powerful; 1988,1992: a powerful] government in Washington -- the Democrats, the Republicans, or wouldn't there be any difference between them on this?" NOTE: THIS QUESTION IS PRECEDED BY THE FOLLOWING FILTERS: INTRO, ALL YEARS: "Some people are afraid the government in Washington is getting too powerful for the good of the country and the individual person. Others feel that the government in Washington is not getting too strong (1964,1966,1970: has not gotten too strong for the good of the country)." -1964,1968,1972,1976: "Have you been interested enough in this to favor one side over the other?" (IF YES:) "What is your feeling, do you think the government is getting too powerful or do you think the government is not getting too strong?" (IF OPINION NOT DK:).... -1978,1980,1984: "Have you been interested enough in this to favor one side over the other?" (IF YES:).... -1988,1992: "Have you been interested enough in this to. favor one side over the other?" (IF YES:) "What is your feeling, do you think the government is getting too powerful or do you think the government is not getting too strong?" (IF OPINION IS THAT THE GOVERNMENT IS GETTING TOO POWERFUL:)... or:/(IF OPINION IS THAT THE GOVERNMENT IS NOT GETTING TOO STRONG:) "Do you think the government should become more powerful or should it stay the way it is?" (IF THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD BECOME MORE POWERFUL:)... This question is variable VCF0521A in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party More Likely to Favor a Strong Government 1964-2000 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Democrats' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Males 41 ** 37 ** 19 ** 24 18 30 ** 20 ** 19 ** 20 ** ** ** 30 Females 31 ** 24 ** 14 ** 15 12 17 ** 12 ** 7 ** 10 ** ** ** 18 Whites 35 ** 28 ** 15 ** 18 16 26 ** 18 ** 12 ** 15 ** ** ** 26 Blacks 44 ** 42 ** 24 ** 26 7 12 ** 9 ** 15 ** 11 ** ** ** 11 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 25 ** 22 ** 15 ** 17 10 16 ** 5 ** 6 ** 10 ** ** ** 6 High School Diploma 32 ** 24 ** 13 ** 14 9 13 ** 12 ** 7 ** 11 ** ** ** 14 Some College, no Degree 47 ** 41 ** 22 ** 22 20 32 ** 19 ** 15 ** 13 ** ** ** 28 College Degree/ Post-grad 61 ** 51 ** 23 ** 31 31 44 ** 29 ** 22 ** 26 ** ** ** 39 Income 0-16 Percentile 28 ** 22 ** 15 ** 19 9 11 ** 6 ** 7 ** 10 ** ** ** 9 Income 17-33 Percentile 29 ** 24 ** 23 ** 13 12 15 ** 14 ** 12 ** 10 ** ** ** 18 Income 34-67 Percentile 32 ** 30 ** 13 ** 17 15 25 ** 16 ** 11 ** 14 ** ** ** 24 Income 68-95 Percentile 45 ** 33 ** 16 ** 21 17 32 ** 20 ** 17 ** 18 ** ** ** 32 Income 96-100 Percentile 56 ** 53 ** 31 ** 41 34 41 ** 27 ** 18* ** 25 ** ** ** 50 Professionals 48 ** 45 ** 23 ** 27 23 36 ** 28 ** 17 ** 20 ** ** ** 33 White Collar 38 ** 30 ** 17 ** 16 14 23 ** 15 ** 14 ** 15 ** ** ** 18 Blue Collar 32 ** 23 ** 14 ** 19 10 17 ** 10 ** 9 ** 12 ** ** ** 17 Unskilled 42* ** 44* ** 11* ** 18 12 15* ** 5* ** 8* ** 19* ** ** ** 9* Farmers 38 ** 33 ** 10* ** 14 14* 29* ** 16* ** 14* ** 12 ** ** ** 20* Housewives 30 ** 23 ** 13 ** 13 14 17 ** 12 ** 5 ** 14 ** ** ** 26 Union Households 34 ** 25 ** 12 ** 15 12 21 ** 11 ** 11 ** 12 ** ** ** 18 Non-Union Households 36 ** 31 ** 17 ** 20 16 24 ** 17 ** 12 ** 15 ** ** ** 23 South 32 ** 30 ** 17 ** 17 16 24 ** 16 ** 11 ** 13 ** ** ** 27 Nonsouth 37 ** 29 ** 16 ** 19 14 22 ** 16 ** 12 ** 15 ** ** ** 21 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0* ** ** ** 10 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 12 6 ** 7 ** 6 ** 11 ** ** ** 23 Born 1943-1958 23* ** 28 ** 15 ** 15 14 19 ** 16 ** 15 ** 14 ** ** ** 27 Born 1927-1942 36 ** 28 ** 17 ** 20 17 36 ** 18 ** 14 ** 19 ** ** ** 28 Born 1911-1926 38 ** 32 ** 15 ** 25 13 22 ** 19 ** 11 ** 16 ** ** ** 23 Born 1895-1910 34 ** 30 ** 19 ** 16 16 23 ** 15 ** 10 ** 16 ** ** ** 0* Born before 1895 31 ** 32 ** 11* ** 17 20* 0* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 32 ** 28 ** 17 ** 18 9 15 ** 10 ** 8 ** 9 ** ** ** 9 Independents 24 ** 17 ** 6 ** 9 5 10 ** 8 ** 4 ** 6 ** ** ** 9 Republicans (incl leaners) 46 ** 38 ** 20 ** 25 31 41 ** 25 ** 19 ** 24 ** ** ** 43 Liberals ** ** ** ** 25 ** 23 16 23 ** 12 ** 10 ** 11 ** ** ** 17 Moderates ** ** ** ** 13 ** 17 11 18 ** 15 ** 9 ** 12 ** ** ** 16 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 21 ** 28 28 41 ** 29 ** 21 ** 26 ** ** ** 48 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 2B.7.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party More Likely to Favor a Strong Government 1964-2000 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Republicans' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Males 10 ** 11 ** 19 ** 12 12 11 ** 12 ** 14 ** 10 ** ** ** 9 Females 6 ** 12 ** 18 ** 9 9 14 ** 11 ** 12 ** 9 ** ** ** 9 Whites 8 ** 12 ** 18 ** 10 10 12 ** 11 ** 13 ** 10 ** ** ** 8 Blacks 4 ** 3 ** 15 ** 6 12 11 ** 8 ** 12 ** 9 ** ** ** 8 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 5 ** 9 ** 14 ** 6 7 10 ** 10 ** 6 ** 5 ** ** ** 8 High School Diploma 9 ** 13 ** 17 ** 10 10 13 ** 10 ** 12 ** 9 ** ** ** 10 Some College, no Degree 7 ** 14 ** 23 ** 14 14 14 ** 15 ** 17 ** 15 ** ** ** 9 College Degree/ Post-grad 8 ** 8 ** 24 ** 13 12 11 ** 12 ** 14 ** 9 ** ** ** 5 Income 0-16 Percentile 7 ** 10 ** 15 ** 6 11 13 ** 10 ** 12 ** 9 ** ** ** 8 Income 17-33 Percentile 9 ** 11 ** 16 ** 9 10 13 ** 9 ** 12 ** 8 ** ** ** 12 Income 34-67 Percentile 8 ** 11 ** 17 ** 11 11 14 ** 13 ** 14 ** 12 ** ** ** 9 Income 68-95 Percentile 8 ** 15 ** 24 ** 13 12 12 ** 12 ** 13 ** 11 ** ** ** 10 Income 96-100 Percentile 4 ** 5 ** 14 ** 7 11 9 ** 12 ** 12* ** 3 ** ** ** 7 Professionals 13 ** 11 ** 24 ** 10 13 11 ** 10 ** 13 ** 11 ** ** ** 9 White Collar 7 ** 14 ** 24 ** 13 12 14 ** 14 ** 14 ** 13 ** ** ** 10 Blue Collar 9 ** 11 ** 17 ** 11 11 12 ** 12 ** 12 ** 8 ** ** ** 9 Unskilled 0* ** 11* ** 22* ** 12 10 18* ** 14* ** 13* ** 7* ** ** ** 6* Farmers 5 ** 8 ** 17* ** 4 0* 11* ** 3* ** 14* ** 3 ** ** ** 8* Housewives 4 ** 12 ** 14 ** 7 7 13 ** 8 ** 10 ** 8 ** ** ** 10 Union Households 7 ** 13 ** 17 ** 11 13 14 ** 14 ** 16 ** 7 ** ** ** 12 Non-Union Households 8 ** 11 ** 18 ** 10 9 12 ** 11 ** 12 ** 10 ** ** ** 9 South 7 ** 10 ** 16 ** 8 9 14 ** 11 ** 10 ** 9 ** ** ** 8 Nonsouth 8 ** 12 ** 19 ** 11 11 12 ** 12 ** 14 ** 10 ** ** ** 10 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 8* ** ** ** 14 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 11 16 ** 10 ** 15 ** 12 ** ** ** 6 Born 1943-1958 8* ** 15 ** 20 ** 12 11 14 ** 14 ** 13 ** 9 ** ** ** 10 Born 1927-1942 7 ** 13 ** 17 ** 11 10 10 ** 11 ** 9 ** 7 ** ** ** 10 Born 1911-1926 9 ** 12 ** 17 ** 8 10 11 ** 9 ** 13 ** 9 ** ** ** 5 Born 1895-1910 5 ** 8 ** 17 ** 7 10 13 ** 8 ** 12 ** 10 ** ** ** 0* Born before 1895 9 ** 10 ** 30* ** 6 8* 33* ** 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 6 ** 9 ** 18 ** 12 15 16 ** 15 ** 17 ** 13 ** ** ** 12 Independents 6 ** 15 ** 9 ** 9 3 10 ** 10 ** 4 ** 9 ** ** ** 4 Republicans (incl leaners) 11 ** 16 ** 22 ** 8 6 9 ** 8 ** 10 ** 7 ** ** ** 7 Liberals ** ** ** ** 26 ** 18 16 18 ** 14 ** 24 ** 16 ** ** ** 12 Moderates ** ** ** ** 19 ** 10 12 14 ** 19 ** 14 ** 13 ** ** ** 6 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 20 ** 11 10 10 ** 9 ** 12 ** 7 ** ** ** 6 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 2B.7.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Which Party More Likely to Favor a Strong Government 1964-2000 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'No Difference/ Don't Know,No Interest' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 Males 49 ** 52 ** 62 ** 65 70 59 ** 67 ** 68 ** 69 ** ** ** 61 Females 63 ** 64 ** 69 ** 76 79 69 ** 77 ** 81 ** 81 ** ** ** 73 Whites 57 ** 59 ** 67 ** 72 74 62 ** 71 ** 75 ** 75 ** ** ** 66 Blacks 52 ** 55 ** 60 ** 68 81 78 ** 83 ** 74 ** 80 ** ** ** 81 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 70 ** 69 ** 71 ** 77 84 74 ** 85 ** 88 ** 84 ** ** ** 85 High School Diploma 59 ** 62 ** 70 ** 76 81 74 ** 78 ** 81 ** 81 ** ** ** 76 Some College, no Degree 46 ** 45 ** 55 ** 65 67 54 ** 66 ** 68 ** 73 ** ** ** 63 College Degree/ Post-grad 31 ** 41 ** 53 ** 56 57 46 ** 58 ** 64 ** 66 ** ** ** 56 Income 0-16 Percentile 66 ** 68 ** 70 ** 75 81 75 ** 84 ** 81 ** 80 ** ** ** 83 Income 17-33 Percentile 62 ** 65 ** 61 ** 78 78 73 ** 77 ** 76 ** 81 ** ** ** 70 Income 34-67 Percentile 60 ** 59 ** 70 ** 72 75 62 ** 71 ** 74 ** 74 ** ** ** 67 Income 68-95 Percentile 47 ** 52 ** 61 ** 66 72 55 ** 68 ** 70 ** 71 ** ** ** 59 Income 96-100 Percentile 41 ** 42 ** 56 ** 53 55 49 ** 61 ** 71* ** 71 ** ** ** 43 Professionals 39 ** 44 ** 53 ** 62 64 53 ** 62 ** 70 ** 69 ** ** ** 58 White Collar 56 ** 56 ** 59 ** 72 75 63 ** 70 ** 73 ** 72 ** ** ** 72 Blue Collar 59 ** 66 ** 69 ** 71 79 71 ** 78 ** 79 ** 81 ** ** ** 74 Unskilled 58* ** 44* ** 67* ** 70 78 67* ** 81* ** 79* ** 74* ** ** ** 85* Farmers 57 ** 58 ** 73* ** 83 86* 61* ** 81* ** 71* ** 85 ** ** ** 72* Housewives 66 ** 65 ** 73 ** 80 79 71 ** 80 ** 84 ** 78 ** ** ** 64 Union Households 58 ** 61 ** 70 ** 74 75 65 ** 74 ** 73 ** 81 ** ** ** 70 Non-Union Households 57 ** 58 ** 64 ** 70 75 64 ** 72 ** 76 ** 75 ** ** ** 68 South 61 ** 60 ** 67 ** 75 75 62 ** 73 ** 79 ** 78 ** ** ** 66 Nonsouth 56 ** 58 ** 65 ** 70 75 66 ** 73 ** 74 ** 75 ** ** ** 69 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 92* ** ** ** 76 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 77 78 ** 84 ** 79 ** 77 ** ** ** 71 Born 1943-1958 69* ** 58 ** 65 ** 72 75 67 ** 70 ** 72 ** 76 ** ** ** 63 Born 1927-1942 57 ** 59 ** 67 ** 69 73 54 ** 70 ** 77 ** 74 ** ** ** 61 Born 1911-1926 52 ** 56 ** 68 ** 67 77 67 ** 71 ** 76 ** 75 ** ** ** 72 Born 1895-1910 61 ** 62 ** 65 ** 77 75 64 ** 76 ** 78 ** 74 ** ** ** 100* Born before 1895 61 ** 59 ** 59* ** 77 72* 67* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 62 ** 63 ** 65 ** 70 76 70 ** 75 ** 75 ** 78 ** ** ** 78 Independents 71 ** 68 ** 85 ** 82 92 79 ** 82 ** 91 ** 84 ** ** ** 86 Republicans (incl leaners) 42 ** 47 ** 58 ** 67 63 51 ** 67 ** 71 ** 69 ** ** ** 50 Liberals ** ** ** ** 49 ** 59 68 59 ** 74 ** 67 ** 73 ** ** ** 71 Moderates ** ** ** ** 68 ** 73 77 67 ** 66 ** 77 ** 75 ** ** ** 78 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 60 ** 61 63 49 ** 62 ** 66 ** 67 ** ** ** 46 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 2B.7.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10