THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Presidential Vote 2 Major Parties 1948-2008 '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Democrat 54 42 ** 40 ** 49 ** 68 ** 46 ** 36 ** 51 ** 44 ** 42 ** 47 ** 59 ** 58 ** 52 ** 50 55 Republican 46 58 ** 60 ** 51 ** 32 ** 54 ** 64 ** 49 ** 56 ** 58 ** 53 ** 42 ** 42 ** 48 ** 50 45 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 390 1235 1266 1421 1111 911 1587 1631 877 1376 1195 1355 963 1057 786 1571 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 9A.1 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1948: (IF R VOTED:) "Whom did you vote for?" 1952-1964: (IF R VOTED:) "Who did you vote for for President? 1968-1976: (IF R VOTED:) "Who did you vote for in the election for President?" 1980-later: (IF R VOTED:) "How about the election for President? Did you vote for a candidate for President?" (IF YES:) "Who did you vote for?" This question is variable VCF0704A in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Presidential Vote 2 Major Parties 1948-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Democrat' Percent of group: '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 56 43 ** 44 ** 52 ** 65 ** 45 ** 32 ** 51 ** 39 ** 38 ** 44 ** 55 ** 51 ** 47 ** 46 52 Females 53 41 ** 37 ** 47 ** 69 ** 47 ** 39 ** 51 ** 47 ** 45 ** 50 ** 61 ** 65 ** 56 ** 53 57 Whites 53 40 ** 39 ** 48 ** 65 ** 41 ** 30 ** 46 ** 37 ** 36 ** 39 ** 52 ** 51 ** 46 ** 42 44 Blacks 65* 80 ** 64* ** 71 ** 100 ** 97 ** 87 ** 95 ** 93 ** 89 ** 92 ** 94 ** 99 ** 92 ** 90 99 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 68 49 ** 42 ** 55 ** 80 ** 61 ** 40 ** 67 ** 64 ** 62 ** 61 ** 70 ** 88* ** 74* ** 73* 76* High School Diploma 54 43 ** 44 ** 53 ** 69 ** 48 ** 33 ** 54 ** 45 ** 42 ** 51 ** 63 ** 64 ** 54 ** 50 59 Some College, no Degree 24 24 ** 31 ** 33 ** 58 ** 36 ** 35 ** 48 ** 38 ** 36 ** 42 ** 58 ** 56 ** 50 ** 47 54 College Degree/ Post-grad ** 29 ** 31 ** 38 ** 50 ** 38 ** 39 ** 37 ** 35 ** 41 ** 42 ** 52 ** 49 ** 50 ** 50 51 Income 0-16 Percentile 57* 43 ** 41 ** 46 ** 74 ** 49 ** 44 ** 67 ** 60 ** 64 ** 59 ** 73 ** 77 ** 66 ** 58 68 Income 17-33 Percentile 67 46 ** 44 ** 45 ** 71 ** 48 ** 38 ** 60 ** 52 ** 53 ** 56 ** 65 ** 75 ** 57 ** 59 69 Income 34-67 Percentile 69 46 ** 42 ** 55 ** 74 ** 46 ** 37 ** 53 ** 41 ** 43 ** 49 ** 60 ** 57 ** 50 ** 52 56 Income 68-95 Percentile 49 40 ** 43 ** 51 ** 60 ** 47 ** 34 ** 45 ** 40 ** 34 ** 40 ** 51 ** 50 ** 52 ** 44 45 Income 96-100 Percentile 32 23 ** 23 ** 24 ** 54 ** 33 ** 18 ** 23 ** 18 ** 19 ** 23* ** 47 ** 48 ** 33 ** 38 27 Professionals ** 31 ** 33 ** 42 ** 54 ** 40 ** 34 ** 41 ** 39 ** 39 ** 45 ** 57 ** 53 ** 51 ** 56 ** White Collar ** 35 ** 37 ** 43 ** 66 ** 45 ** 37 ** 47 ** 39 ** 39 ** 46 ** 56 ** 60 ** 53 ** 39 ** Blue Collar ** 56 ** 49 ** 63 ** 79 ** 54 ** 39 ** 66 ** 51 ** 49 ** 50 ** 66 ** 67 ** 53 ** 55 ** Unskilled ** 66 ** 63 ** 33* ** 90* ** 80* ** 53* ** 66* ** 42* ** 72* ** 57* ** 59* ** 62* ** 76* ** 76* ** Farmers ** 36 ** 48 ** 47 ** 65* ** 42* ** 20* ** 44* ** 29* ** 23* ** 43* ** 41* ** 44* ** 46* ** 57* ** Housewives ** 37 ** 35 ** 43 ** 66 ** 44 ** 30 ** 46 ** 44 ** 35 ** 46 ** 52 ** 51 ** 47 ** 35 ** Union Households 81 56 ** 53 ** 64 ** 83 ** 56 ** 43 ** 64 ** 55 ** 57 ** 59 ** 68 ** 75 ** 61 ** 64 60 Non-Union Households 44 36 ** 36 ** 44 ** 62 ** 43 ** 33 ** 47 ** 40 ** 37 ** 44 ** 57 ** 54 ** 50 ** 46 54 South ** 50 ** 52 ** 53 ** 65 ** 51 ** 33 ** 56 ** 47 ** 45 ** 49 ** 59 ** 59 ** 44 ** 51 45 Nonsouth ** 40 ** 38 ** 48 ** 68 ** 45 ** 37 ** 50 ** 42 ** 41 ** 47 ** 58 ** 58 ** 56 ** 50 62 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 65 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56* ** 61* ** 63 ** 66 56 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 52* ** 42 ** 48 ** 58 ** 58 ** 46 ** 45 54 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 70* ** 49 ** 47 ** 53 ** 41 ** 41 ** 47 ** 58 ** 58 ** 53 ** 44 41 Born 1927-1942 70* 43 ** 42 ** 51 ** 70 ** 50 ** 35 ** 47 ** 38 ** 40 ** 49 ** 56 ** 56 ** 48 ** 51 52* Born 1911-1926 61 47 ** 41 ** 51 ** 69 ** 43 ** 30 ** 53 ** 47 ** 44 ** 44 ** 62 ** 64 ** 64 ** 52* ** Born 1895-1910 55 39 ** 39 ** 49 ** 66 ** 46 ** 32 ** 52 ** 50 ** 42 ** 47 ** 58* ** 57* ** 0* ** ** ** Born before 1895 46 38 ** 38 ** 40 ** 56 ** 38* ** 22* ** 33* ** 80* ** 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) ** 70 ** 74 ** 82 ** 89 ** 77 ** 59 ** 81 ** 74 ** 79 ** 85 ** 91 ** 94 ** 89 ** 91 91 Independents ** 19 ** 17 ** 46 ** 77 ** 30 ** 28 ** 45 ** 27 ** 29 ** 36 ** 65 ** 52* ** 45 ** 56* 55 Republicans (incl leaners) ** 4 ** 4 ** 8 ** 27 ** 6 ** 8 ** 14 ** 7 ** 5 ** 10 ** 12 ** 16 ** 10 ** 8 10 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69 ** 78 ** 74 ** 72 ** 82 ** 92 ** 94 ** 84 ** 92 90 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 ** 52 ** 39 ** 45 ** 51 ** 61 ** 66 ** 60 ** 58 61 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 13 ** 22 ** 23 ** 18 ** 23 ** 27 ** 26 ** 23 ** 18 18 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 9A.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Presidential Vote 2 Major Parties 1948-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Republican' Percent of group: '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 44 57 ** 56 ** 48 ** 35 ** 55 ** 68 ** 49 ** 61 ** 63 ** 56 ** 45 ** 49 ** 53 ** 54 48 Females 47 59 ** 63 ** 53 ** 31 ** 53 ** 61 ** 49 ** 53 ** 55 ** 50 ** 39 ** 35 ** 44 ** 47 43 Whites 47 60 ** 61 ** 52 ** 36 ** 59 ** 70 ** 54 ** 63 ** 64 ** 61 ** 48 ** 49 ** 54 ** 58 56 Blacks 35* 20 ** 36* ** 29 ** 0 ** 3 ** 13 ** 5 ** 7 ** 11 ** 8 ** 6 ** 1 ** 8 ** 10 1 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 32 51 ** 58 ** 45 ** 20 ** 39 ** 60 ** 33 ** 36 ** 38 ** 39 ** 30 ** 12* ** 26* ** 27* 24* High School Diploma 46 57 ** 56 ** 47 ** 31 ** 52 ** 67 ** 46 ** 55 ** 58 ** 49 ** 37 ** 36 ** 46 ** 50 41 Some College, no Degree 76 76 ** 69 ** 67 ** 42 ** 64 ** 65 ** 52 ** 62 ** 64 ** 58 ** 42 ** 44 ** 50 ** 53 46 College Degree/ Post-grad ** 71 ** 69 ** 62 ** 50 ** 63 ** 61 ** 63 ** 65 ** 59 ** 58 ** 48 ** 51 ** 50 ** 50 49 Income 0-16 Percentile 43* 57 ** 59 ** 54 ** 26 ** 51 ** 56 ** 33 ** 40 ** 36 ** 41 ** 27 ** 23 ** 34 ** 42 32 Income 17-33 Percentile 33 54 ** 56 ** 55 ** 29 ** 52 ** 62 ** 40 ** 48 ** 47 ** 44 ** 35 ** 25 ** 43 ** 41 31 Income 34-67 Percentile 31 54 ** 58 ** 45 ** 26 ** 54 ** 63 ** 47 ** 59 ** 57 ** 51 ** 40 ** 43 ** 50 ** 48 44 Income 68-95 Percentile 51 60 ** 57 ** 49 ** 40 ** 53 ** 66 ** 55 ** 60 ** 66 ** 60 ** 49 ** 50 ** 48 ** 56 55 Income 96-100 Percentile 68 77 ** 77 ** 76 ** 46 ** 67 ** 82 ** 77 ** 82 ** 81 ** 77* ** 53 ** 52 ** 67 ** 62 73 Professionals ** 69 ** 67 ** 58 ** 46 ** 60 ** 66 ** 59 ** 61 ** 61 ** 55 ** 43 ** 47 ** 49 ** 44 ** White Collar ** 65 ** 63 ** 57 ** 34 ** 55 ** 63 ** 53 ** 61 ** 61 ** 54 ** 44 ** 40 ** 47 ** 61 ** Blue Collar ** 44 ** 51 ** 37 ** 21 ** 46 ** 61 ** 34 ** 49 ** 51 ** 50 ** 34 ** 33 ** 47 ** 46 ** Unskilled ** 34 ** 37 ** 67* ** 10* ** 20* ** 47* ** 34* ** 58* ** 28* ** 43* ** 41* ** 38* ** 24* ** 24* ** Farmers ** 64 ** 52 ** 53 ** 35* ** 58* ** 80* ** 56* ** 71* ** 77* ** 57* ** 59* ** 56* ** 54* ** 43* ** Housewives ** 63 ** 65 ** 57 ** 34 ** 56 ** 70 ** 54 ** 56 ** 65 ** 54 ** 48 ** 49 ** 53 ** 65 ** Union Households 19 44 ** 47 ** 36 ** 17 ** 44 ** 57 ** 36 ** 45 ** 43 ** 41 ** 32 ** 25 ** 39 ** 36 40 Non-Union Households 56 64 ** 64 ** 56 ** 38 ** 57 ** 67 ** 53 ** 60 ** 63 ** 56 ** 43 ** 46 ** 50 ** 54 46 South ** 50 ** 48 ** 47 ** 35 ** 49 ** 67 ** 44 ** 53 ** 55 ** 51 ** 41 ** 41 ** 57 ** 49 55 Nonsouth ** 60 ** 62 ** 52 ** 32 ** 55 ** 64 ** 50 ** 58 ** 59 ** 53 ** 42 ** 42 ** 44 ** 50 38 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 35 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 44* ** 39* ** 37 ** 34 44 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 48* ** 58 ** 52 ** 42 ** 42 ** 54 ** 55 46 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 30* ** 51 ** 53 ** 47 ** 59 ** 59 ** 53 ** 42 ** 42 ** 47 ** 56 59 Born 1927-1942 30* 57 ** 58 ** 49 ** 30 ** 50 ** 65 ** 53 ** 62 ** 60 ** 51 ** 44 ** 44 ** 52 ** 49 48* Born 1911-1926 39 53 ** 59 ** 49 ** 31 ** 57 ** 70 ** 47 ** 53 ** 56 ** 56 ** 38 ** 36 ** 36 ** 48* ** Born 1895-1910 45 61 ** 61 ** 51 ** 34 ** 54 ** 68 ** 48 ** 50 ** 58 ** 53 ** 42* ** 43* ** 100* ** ** ** Born before 1895 54 62 ** 62 ** 60 ** 44 ** 62* ** 78* ** 67* ** 20* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) ** 30 ** 26 ** 18 ** 11 ** 23 ** 41 ** 20 ** 26 ** 21 ** 15 ** 9 ** 6 ** 11 ** 9 9 Independents ** 81 ** 83 ** 54 ** 23 ** 70 ** 72 ** 55 ** 73 ** 71 ** 64 ** 35 ** 48* ** 55 ** 44* 45 Republicans (incl leaners) ** 96 ** 96 ** 92 ** 73 ** 94 ** 92 ** 86 ** 93 ** 95 ** 90 ** 88 ** 84 ** 90 ** 92 90 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 ** 22 ** 26 ** 28 ** 18 ** 8 ** 6 ** 16 ** 8 10 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69 ** 48 ** 61 ** 55 ** 49 ** 39 ** 34 ** 40 ** 42 39 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 87 ** 78 ** 77 ** 82 ** 77 ** 73 ** 74 ** 77 ** 82 82 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 9A.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Presidential Vote 2 Major Parties and Wallace/Anderson/Perot 1948-2008 '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Democrat 54 42 ** 40 ** 49 ** 68 ** 41 ** 36 ** 51 ** 40 ** 42 ** 47 ** 48 ** 54 ** 52 ** 50 55 Republican 46 58 ** 60 ** 51 ** 32 ** 48 ** 64 ** 49 ** 52 ** 58 ** 53 ** 34 ** 38 ** 48 ** 50 45 Wallace/Anderson/Perot - - ** - ** - ** - ** 11 ** - ** - ** 8 ** - ** - ** 18 ** 8 ** - ** - - ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 390 1235 1266 1421 1111 1027 1587 1631 958 1376 1195 1654 1042 1057 788 1571 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 9A.2 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1948: (IF R VOTED:) "Whom did you vote for?" 1952-1964: (IF R VOTED:) "Who did you vote for for President? 1968-1976: (IF R VOTED:) "Who did you vote for in the election for President?" 1980-later: (IF R VOTED:) "How about the election for President? Did you vote for a candidate for President?" (IF YES:) "Who did you vote for?" This question is variable VCF0704 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Presidential Vote 2 Major Parties and Wallace/Anderson/Perot 1948-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Democrat' Percent of group: '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 56 43 ** 44 ** 52 ** 65 ** 38 ** 32 ** 51 ** 36 ** 38 ** 44 ** 43 ** 46 ** 47 ** 46 52 Females 53 41 ** 37 ** 47 ** 69 ** 43 ** 39 ** 51 ** 43 ** 45 ** 50 ** 53 ** 61 ** 56 ** 53 57 Whites 53 40 ** 39 ** 48 ** 65 ** 36 ** 30 ** 46 ** 33 ** 36 ** 39 ** 41 ** 46 ** 46 ** 42 44 Blacks 65* 80 ** 64* ** 71 ** 100 ** 97 ** 87 ** 95 ** 92 ** 89 ** 92 ** 92 ** 97 ** 92 ** 90 99 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 68 49 ** 42 ** 55 ** 80 ** 52 ** 40 ** 67 ** 63 ** 62 ** 61 ** 64 ** 84* ** 74* ** 73* 76* High School Diploma 54 43 ** 44 ** 53 ** 69 ** 41 ** 33 ** 54 ** 43 ** 42 ** 51 ** 52 ** 59 ** 54 ** 50 59 Some College, no Degree 24 24 ** 31 ** 33 ** 58 ** 32 ** 35 ** 48 ** 34 ** 36 ** 42 ** 44 ** 51 ** 50 ** 46 54 College Degree/ Post-grad ** 29 ** 31 ** 38 ** 50 ** 36 ** 39 ** 37 ** 30 ** 41 ** 42 ** 44 ** 47 ** 50 ** 50 51 Income 0-16 Percentile 57* 43 ** 41 ** 46 ** 74 ** 42 ** 44 ** 67 ** 57 ** 64 ** 59 ** 66 ** 71 ** 66 ** 58 68 Income 17-33 Percentile 67 46 ** 44 ** 45 ** 71 ** 43 ** 38 ** 60 ** 49 ** 53 ** 56 ** 56 ** 68 ** 57 ** 59 69 Income 34-67 Percentile 69 46 ** 42 ** 55 ** 74 ** 40 ** 37 ** 53 ** 38 ** 43 ** 49 ** 48 ** 53 ** 50 ** 52 56 Income 68-95 Percentile 49 40 ** 43 ** 51 ** 60 ** 42 ** 34 ** 45 ** 36 ** 34 ** 40 ** 39 ** 45 ** 52 ** 44 45 Income 96-100 Percentile 32 23 ** 23 ** 24 ** 54 ** 30 ** 18 ** 23 ** 15 ** 19 ** 23* ** 40 ** 47 ** 33 ** 38 27 Professionals ** 31 ** 33 ** 42 ** 54 ** 36 ** 34 ** 41 ** 34 ** 39 ** 45 ** 45 ** 50 ** 51 ** 56 ** White Collar ** 35 ** 37 ** 43 ** 66 ** 42 ** 37 ** 47 ** 36 ** 39 ** 46 ** 47 ** 56 ** 53 ** 38 ** Blue Collar ** 56 ** 49 ** 63 ** 79 ** 46 ** 39 ** 66 ** 48 ** 49 ** 50 ** 53 ** 60 ** 53 ** 54 ** Unskilled ** 66 ** 63 ** 33* ** 90* ** 73* ** 53* ** 66* ** 38* ** 72* ** 57* ** 48* ** 62* ** 76* ** 76* ** Farmers ** 36 ** 48 ** 47 ** 65* ** 37* ** 20* ** 44* ** 24* ** 23* ** 43* ** 34 ** 41* ** 46* ** 57* ** Housewives ** 37 ** 35 ** 43 ** 66 ** 39 ** 30 ** 46 ** 41 ** 35 ** 46 ** 45 ** 49 ** 47 ** 35 ** Union Households 81 56 ** 53 ** 64 ** 83 ** 48 ** 43 ** 64 ** 51 ** 57 ** 59 ** 54 ** 68 ** 61 ** 64 60 Non-Union Households 44 36 ** 36 ** 44 ** 62 ** 39 ** 33 ** 47 ** 36 ** 37 ** 44 ** 47 ** 50 ** 50 ** 46 54 South ** 50 ** 52 ** 53 ** 65 ** 38 ** 33 ** 56 ** 45 ** 45 ** 49 ** 52 ** 55 ** 44 ** 51 45 Nonsouth ** 40 ** 38 ** 48 ** 68 ** 42 ** 37 ** 50 ** 38 ** 41 ** 47 ** 46 ** 53 ** 56 ** 49 62 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 65 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 50* ** 52* ** 63 ** 66 56 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 ** 42 ** 48 ** 44 ** 53 ** 46 ** 45 54 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 70* ** 43 ** 47 ** 53 ** 36 ** 41 ** 47 ** 48 ** 52 ** 53 ** 44 41 Born 1927-1942 70* 43 ** 42 ** 51 ** 70 ** 44 ** 35 ** 47 ** 36 ** 40 ** 49 ** 47 ** 54 ** 48 ** 51 52* Born 1911-1926 61 47 ** 41 ** 51 ** 69 ** 38 ** 30 ** 53 ** 44 ** 44 ** 44 ** 54 ** 60 ** 64 ** 52* ** Born 1895-1910 55 39 ** 39 ** 49 ** 66 ** 42 ** 32 ** 52 ** 50 ** 42 ** 47 ** 54* ** 57* ** 0* ** ** ** Born before 1895 46 38 ** 38 ** 40 ** 56 ** 35* ** 22* ** 33* ** 80* ** 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) ** 70 ** 74 ** 82 ** 89 ** 68 ** 59 ** 81 ** 67 ** 79 ** 85 ** 79 ** 87 ** 89 ** 91 91 Independents ** 19 ** 17 ** 46 ** 77 ** 24 ** 28 ** 45 ** 24 ** 29 ** 36 ** 42 ** 41* ** 45 ** 56* 55 Republicans (incl leaners) ** 4 ** 4 ** 8 ** 27 ** 6 ** 8 ** 14 ** 7 ** 5 ** 10 ** 9 ** 15 ** 10 ** 8 10 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69 ** 78 ** 61 ** 72 ** 82 ** 77 ** 88 ** 84 ** 92 90 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 ** 52 ** 35 ** 45 ** 51 ** 47 ** 59 ** 60 ** 58 61 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 13 ** 22 ** 22 ** 18 ** 23 ** 22 ** 24 ** 23 ** 18 18 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 9A.2.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Presidential Vote 2 Major Parties and Wallace/Anderson/Perot 1948-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Republican' Percent of group: '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 44 57 ** 56 ** 48 ** 35 ** 47 ** 68 ** 49 ** 55 ** 63 ** 56 ** 35 ** 45 ** 53 ** 53 48 Females 47 59 ** 63 ** 53 ** 31 ** 49 ** 61 ** 49 ** 48 ** 55 ** 50 ** 33 ** 33 ** 44 ** 47 43 Whites 47 60 ** 61 ** 52 ** 36 ** 52 ** 70 ** 54 ** 58 ** 64 ** 61 ** 38 ** 45 ** 54 ** 58 56 Blacks 35* 20 ** 36* ** 29 ** 0 ** 3 ** 13 ** 5 ** 7 ** 11 ** 8 ** 6 ** 1 ** 8 ** 10 1 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 32 51 ** 58 ** 45 ** 20 ** 33 ** 60 ** 33 ** 35 ** 38 ** 39 ** 27 ** 11* ** 26* ** 27* 24* High School Diploma 46 57 ** 56 ** 47 ** 31 ** 46 ** 67 ** 46 ** 51 ** 58 ** 49 ** 31 ** 33 ** 46 ** 50 41 Some College, no Degree 76 76 ** 69 ** 67 ** 42 ** 58 ** 65 ** 52 ** 55 ** 64 ** 58 ** 32 ** 39 ** 50 ** 53 46 College Degree/ Post-grad ** 71 ** 69 ** 62 ** 50 ** 61 ** 61 ** 63 ** 56 ** 59 ** 58 ** 41 ** 48 ** 50 ** 50 49 Income 0-16 Percentile 43* 57 ** 59 ** 54 ** 26 ** 44 ** 56 ** 33 ** 38 ** 36 ** 41 ** 24 ** 21 ** 34 ** 42 32 Income 17-33 Percentile 33 54 ** 56 ** 55 ** 29 ** 46 ** 62 ** 40 ** 46 ** 47 ** 44 ** 30 ** 23 ** 43 ** 40 31 Income 34-67 Percentile 31 54 ** 58 ** 45 ** 26 ** 48 ** 63 ** 47 ** 54 ** 57 ** 51 ** 32 ** 40 ** 50 ** 48 44 Income 68-95 Percentile 51 60 ** 57 ** 49 ** 40 ** 48 ** 66 ** 55 ** 55 ** 66 ** 60 ** 38 ** 46 ** 48 ** 56 55 Income 96-100 Percentile 68 77 ** 77 ** 76 ** 46 ** 61 ** 82 ** 77 ** 68 ** 81 ** 77* ** 45 ** 51 ** 67 ** 62 73 Professionals ** 69 ** 67 ** 58 ** 46 ** 54 ** 66 ** 59 ** 54 ** 61 ** 55 ** 34 ** 44 ** 49 ** 44 ** White Collar ** 65 ** 63 ** 57 ** 34 ** 51 ** 63 ** 53 ** 56 ** 61 ** 54 ** 37 ** 38 ** 47 ** 61 ** Blue Collar ** 44 ** 51 ** 37 ** 21 ** 39 ** 61 ** 34 ** 47 ** 51 ** 50 ** 27 ** 30 ** 47 ** 45 ** Unskilled ** 34 ** 37 ** 67* ** 10* ** 18* ** 47* ** 34* ** 54* ** 28* ** 43* ** 34* ** 38* ** 24* ** 24* ** Farmers ** 64 ** 52 ** 53 ** 35* ** 50* ** 80* ** 56* ** 59* ** 77* ** 57* ** 49 ** 52* ** 54* ** 43* ** Housewives ** 63 ** 65 ** 57 ** 34 ** 50 ** 70 ** 54 ** 52 ** 65 ** 54 ** 42 ** 46 ** 53 ** 65 ** Union Households 19 44 ** 47 ** 36 ** 17 ** 38 ** 57 ** 36 ** 41 ** 43 ** 41 ** 25 ** 23 ** 39 ** 36 40 Non-Union Households 56 64 ** 64 ** 56 ** 38 ** 51 ** 67 ** 53 ** 55 ** 63 ** 56 ** 36 ** 42 ** 50 ** 54 46 South ** 50 ** 48 ** 47 ** 35 ** 37 ** 67 ** 44 ** 51 ** 55 ** 51 ** 37 ** 38 ** 57 ** 49 55 Nonsouth ** 60 ** 62 ** 52 ** 32 ** 51 ** 64 ** 50 ** 52 ** 59 ** 53 ** 33 ** 39 ** 44 ** 50 38 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 35 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 40* ** 33* ** 37 ** 34 44 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 39 ** 58 ** 52 ** 31 ** 39 ** 54 ** 54 46 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 30* ** 44 ** 53 ** 47 ** 51 ** 59 ** 53 ** 34 ** 38 ** 47 ** 56 59 Born 1927-1942 30* 57 ** 58 ** 49 ** 30 ** 43 ** 65 ** 53 ** 57 ** 60 ** 51 ** 37 ** 43 ** 52 ** 49 48* Born 1911-1926 39 53 ** 59 ** 49 ** 31 ** 51 ** 70 ** 47 ** 50 ** 56 ** 56 ** 34 ** 34 ** 36 ** 48* ** Born 1895-1910 45 61 ** 61 ** 51 ** 34 ** 49 ** 68 ** 48 ** 50 ** 58 ** 53 ** 39* ** 43* ** 100* ** ** ** Born before 1895 54 62 ** 62 ** 60 ** 44 ** 57* ** 78* ** 67* ** 20* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) ** 30 ** 26 ** 18 ** 11 ** 20 ** 41 ** 20 ** 24 ** 21 ** 15 ** 8 ** 5 ** 11 ** 9 9 Independents ** 81 ** 83 ** 54 ** 23 ** 55 ** 72 ** 55 ** 64 ** 71 ** 64 ** 22 ** 39* ** 55 ** 43* 45 Republicans (incl leaners) ** 96 ** 96 ** 92 ** 73 ** 86 ** 92 ** 86 ** 86 ** 95 ** 90 ** 70 ** 79 ** 90 ** 91 90 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 ** 22 ** 21 ** 28 ** 18 ** 7 ** 6 ** 16 ** 7 10 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69 ** 48 ** 54 ** 55 ** 49 ** 30 ** 30 ** 40 ** 42 39 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 87 ** 78 ** 72 ** 82 ** 77 ** 59 ** 68 ** 77 ** 82 82 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 9A.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Presidential Vote 2 Major Parties and Wallace/Anderson/Perot 1968-1996 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Wallace/ Anderson/ Perot' Percent of group: '68 '80 '92 '96 Males 15 8 23 9 Females 8 9 14 7 Whites 12 9 21 9 Blacks 0 1 2 1 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 15 2 8 4* High School Diploma 13 6 17 8 Some College, no Degree 10 10 25 10 College Degree/ Post-grad 3 14 15 4 Income 0-16 Percentile 14 5 10 8 Income 17-33 Percentile 12 5 14 9 Income 34-67 Percentile 12 9 19 6 Income 68-95 Percentile 10 9 23 9 Income 96-100 Percentile 10 18 15 2 Professionals 10 11 20 6 White Collar 7 8 16 6 Blue Collar 15 4 20 11 Unskilled 9* 8* 19* 0* Farmers 13* 18* 17 7* Housewives 11 7 13 4 Union Households 14 8 20 9 Non-Union Households 11 9 18 7 South 25 4 11 7 Nonsouth 7 10 21 8 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** 10* 15* Born 1959-1974 ** 19 25 8 Born 1943-1958 13 12 18 10 Born 1927-1942 13 7 16 4 Born 1911-1926 11 6 12 6 Born 1895-1910 9 1 7* 0* Born before 1895 8* 0* ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 12 9 13 8 Independents 21 11 36 20* Republicans (incl leaners) 8 8 20 6 Liberals ** 18 16 7 Moderates ** 11 23 11 Conservatives ** 6 19 7 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 9A.2.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Time of Presidential Election Vote Decision 1948-2004 '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Knew All Along 41 32 ** 45 ** 25 ** 18 ** 21 ** 33 ** 20 ** 20 ** 30 ** 15 ** 19 ** 28 ** 12 ** 33 When Candidate Announced 0 4 ** 15 ** 6 ** 23 ** 14 ** 11 ** 14 ** 20 ** 22 ** 17 ** 21 ** 23 ** 32 ** 22 During Conventions 31 32 ** 19 ** 31 ** 25 ** 24 ** 18 ** 21 ** 18 ** 18 ** 29 ** 14 ** 13 ** 10 ** 14 Post-Convention 15 21 ** 12 ** 26 ** 21 ** 19 ** 24 ** 22 ** 15 ** 17 ** 22 ** 22 ** 17 ** 23 ** 15 Last 2 weeks of campaign 10 9 ** 7 ** 9 ** 9 ** 14 ** 8 ** 17 ** 17 ** 10 ** 12 ** 17 ** 12 ** 18 ** 13 Election Day 3 2 ** 2 ** 3 ** 4 ** 7 ** 5 ** 7 ** 9 ** 4 ** 5 ** 8 ** 7 ** 5 ** 2 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 382 1202 1230 1385 1089 960 1487 1638 984 1391 1199 1653 1055 1096 796 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 9A.3 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "How long before the election did you decide that you were going to vote the way you did?" 2008 NOTE: Open-ended text for occupation has not yet been coded for 2008; a revision of open-end master codes was initiated as part of the 2008 study. This question is variable VCF0712 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Time of Presidential Election Vote Decision 1948-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Knew All Along/ When Candidate Announced' Percent of group: '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 45 38 ** 59 ** 28 ** 41 ** 39 ** 43 ** 33 ** 40 ** 53 ** 34 ** 37 ** 49 ** 43 ** 53 Females 37 33 ** 61 ** 33 ** 41 ** 33 ** 45 ** 34 ** 41 ** 52 ** 30 ** 42 ** 52 ** 46 ** 57 Whites 41 35 ** 60 ** 29 ** 39 ** 34 ** 44 ** 33 ** 38 ** 52 ** 30 ** 38 ** 49 ** 44 ** 58 Blacks 42* 44* ** 52* ** 57 ** 64 ** 54 ** 43 ** 42 ** 59 ** 57 ** 35 ** 51 ** 59 ** 57 ** 50 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 49 43 ** 69 ** 43 ** 54 ** 50 ** 55 ** 47 ** 57 ** 52 ** 35 ** 54 ** 48* ** 63* ** 37* High School Diploma 37 32 ** 58 ** 26 ** 39 ** 35 ** 43 ** 34 ** 42 ** 52 ** 30 ** 41 ** 52 ** 41 ** 54 Some College, no Degree 35 30 ** 55 ** 24 ** 40 ** 28 ** 41 ** 28 ** 40 ** 51 ** 29 ** 35 ** 49 ** 44 ** 54 College Degree/ Post-grad ** 35 ** 55 ** 29 ** 29 ** 26 ** 42 ** 28 ** 32 ** 53 ** 35 ** 39 ** 50 ** 47 ** 60 Income 0-16 Percentile 47* 47 ** 64 ** 51 ** 57 ** 49 ** 52 ** 45 ** 52 ** 45 ** 42 ** 45 ** 53 ** 44 ** 55 Income 17-33 Percentile 42 34 ** 66 ** 32 ** 45 ** 35 ** 52 ** 41 ** 45 ** 48 ** 32 ** 44 ** 53 ** 43 ** 50 Income 34-67 Percentile 42 31 ** 55 ** 31 ** 39 ** 35 ** 42 ** 30 ** 39 ** 51 ** 31 ** 37 ** 49 ** 46 ** 53 Income 68-95 Percentile 39 32 ** 58 ** 25 ** 34 ** 29 ** 39 ** 30 ** 36 ** 55 ** 29 ** 38 ** 46 ** 43 ** 65 Income 96-100 Percentile 44 50 ** 66 ** 23 ** 37 ** 34 ** 49 ** 27 ** 37 ** 58 ** 37* ** 34 ** 55 ** 49 ** 59 Professionals ** 38 ** 56 ** 23 ** 33 ** 31 ** 45 ** 28 ** 42 ** 53 ** 34 ** 35 ** 51 ** 46 ** 58 White Collar ** 24 ** 60 ** 28 ** 38 ** 37 ** 42 ** 29 ** 38 ** 52 ** 26 ** 39 ** 45 ** 44 ** 57 Blue Collar ** 39 ** 58 ** 35 ** 45 ** 34 ** 45 ** 40 ** 39 ** 51 ** 34 ** 42 ** 53 ** 42 ** 53 Unskilled ** 38 ** 66 ** 39* ** 63* ** 50* ** 50* ** 14* ** 33* ** 56* ** 50* ** 39* ** 29* ** 41* ** 50* Farmers ** 39 ** 72 ** 23 ** 69* ** 46* ** 54* ** 40* ** 44* ** 50* ** 40* ** 38 ** 54* ** 42* ** 38* Housewives ** 34 ** 61 ** 35 ** 39 ** 38 ** 46 ** 35 ** 49 ** 53 ** 28 ** 47 ** 59 ** 53 ** 60 Union Households 41 37 ** 57 ** 32 ** 47 ** 32 ** 39 ** 32 ** 38 ** 45 ** 27 ** 40 ** 50 ** 41 ** 53 Non-Union Households 41 34 ** 61 ** 31 ** 39 ** 36 ** 46 ** 33 ** 42 ** 54 ** 33 ** 39 ** 50 ** 45 ** 56 South ** 37 ** 59 ** 23 ** 49 ** 50 ** 49 ** 36 ** 47 ** 56 ** 39 ** 44 ** 51 ** 53 ** 57 Nonsouth ** 35 ** 60 ** 33 ** 39 ** 31 ** 43 ** 32 ** 38 ** 51 ** 29 ** 38 ** 50 ** 41 ** 55 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33* ** 25* ** 27 ** 50 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 36 ** 39 ** 31 ** 35 ** 50 ** 42 ** 55 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 30* ** 16 ** 40 ** 26 ** 34 ** 50 ** 32 ** 38 ** 47 ** 48 ** 54 Born 1927-1942 29* 23 ** 52 ** 25 ** 34 ** 29 ** 39 ** 27 ** 35 ** 53 ** 30 ** 40 ** 56 ** 49 ** 64 Born 1911-1926 37 27 ** 56 ** 26 ** 39 ** 37 ** 44 ** 37 ** 48 ** 58 ** 35 ** 47 ** 57 ** 52 ** 60* Born 1895-1910 42 36 ** 63 ** 35 ** 46 ** 47 ** 58 ** 53 ** 62 ** 62 ** 31 ** 60* ** 61* ** 17* ** ** Born before 1895 47 53 ** 70 ** 45 ** 59 ** 53* ** 66* ** 50* ** 40* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) ** 32 ** 56 ** 32 ** 46 ** 38 ** 38 ** 33 ** 40 ** 46 ** 32 ** 37 ** 54 ** 46 ** 54 Independents ** 30* ** 43 ** 21 ** 40 ** 25 ** 39 ** 16 ** 30 ** 39 ** 17 ** 34 ** 20 ** 11 ** 32* Republicans (incl leaners) ** 40 ** 70 ** 32 ** 31 ** 34 ** 53 ** 38 ** 44 ** 61 ** 34 ** 44 ** 49 ** 49 ** 60 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 44 ** 30 ** 31 ** 47 ** 33 ** 39 ** 57 ** 42 ** 61 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 41 ** 31 ** 36 ** 48 ** 25 ** 33 ** 39 ** 33 ** 43 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46 ** 33 ** 41 ** 60 ** 36 ** 43 ** 53 ** 47 ** 61 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 9A.3.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Time of Presidential Election Vote Decision 1948-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'During Conventions/ Post-Convention' Percent of group: '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 43 52 ** 32 ** 60 ** 48 ** 42 ** 46 ** 45 ** 36 ** 34 ** 50 ** 38 ** 33 ** 34 ** 31 Females 49 54 ** 29 ** 55 ** 45 ** 44 ** 39 ** 40 ** 32 ** 35 ** 51 ** 34 ** 28 ** 32 ** 27 Whites 46 53 ** 30 ** 59 ** 48 ** 43 ** 42 ** 42 ** 34 ** 35 ** 52 ** 36 ** 30 ** 34 ** 29 Blacks 47* 46* ** 28* ** 32 ** 34 ** 38 ** 42 ** 43 ** 31 ** 34 ** 49 ** 37 ** 32 ** 22 ** 29 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 39 44 ** 23 ** 50 ** 31 ** 32 ** 32 ** 38 ** 24 ** 31 ** 49 ** 32 ** 27* ** 21* ** 40* High School Diploma 49 56 ** 31 ** 61 ** 47 ** 42 ** 44 ** 41 ** 31 ** 36 ** 52 ** 33 ** 28 ** 38 ** 29 Some College, no Degree 55 64 ** 38 ** 61 ** 54 ** 44 ** 43 ** 44 ** 35 ** 35 ** 55 ** 39 ** 30 ** 32 ** 30 College Degree/ Post-grad ** 57 ** 36 ** 57 ** 59 ** 56 ** 44 ** 48 ** 41 ** 34 ** 47 ** 38 ** 34 ** 29 ** 28 Income 0-16 Percentile 37* 42 ** 27 ** 43 ** 29 ** 35 ** 35 ** 37 ** 34 ** 34 ** 45 ** 35 ** 29 ** 23 ** 31 Income 17-33 Percentile 40 51 ** 24 ** 62 ** 41 ** 45 ** 35 ** 39 ** 28 ** 34 ** 50 ** 34 ** 30 ** 40 ** 33 Income 34-67 Percentile 54 58 ** 35 ** 56 ** 49 ** 42 ** 45 ** 43 ** 33 ** 36 ** 50 ** 39 ** 29 ** 32 ** 32 Income 68-95 Percentile 45 56 ** 32 ** 60 ** 54 ** 47 ** 45 ** 43 ** 37 ** 34 ** 52 ** 35 ** 35 ** 36 ** 22 Income 96-100 Percentile 44 48 ** 26 ** 68 ** 51 ** 41 ** 39 ** 53 ** 40 ** 37 ** 53* ** 41 ** 31 ** 24 ** 26 Professionals ** 55 ** 38 ** 67 ** 56 ** 48 ** 44 ** 46 ** 32 ** 33 ** 48 ** 38 ** 32 ** 32 ** 27 White Collar ** 63 ** 25 ** 58 ** 48 ** 40 ** 42 ** 47 ** 34 ** 34 ** 58 ** 37 ** 36 ** 34 ** 28 Blue Collar ** 47 ** 33 ** 53 ** 39 ** 40 ** 42 ** 40 ** 35 ** 36 ** 49 ** 36 ** 28 ** 33 ** 32 Unskilled ** 50 ** 24 ** 61* ** 32* ** 30* ** 50* ** 61* ** 41* ** 32* ** 36* ** 38* ** 17* ** 24* ** 27* Farmers ** 50 ** 23 ** 71 ** 29* ** 41* ** 35* ** 37* ** 28* ** 26* ** 40* ** 33 ** 30* ** 24* ** 46* Housewives ** 54 ** 27 ** 51 ** 48 ** 42 ** 39 ** 37 ** 26 ** 38 ** 52 ** 28 ** 20 ** 33 ** 21 Union Households 44 49 ** 32 ** 55 ** 43 ** 41 ** 47 ** 43 ** 34 ** 39 ** 54 ** 36 ** 28 ** 37 ** 33 Non-Union Households 46 55 ** 30 ** 58 ** 48 ** 44 ** 41 ** 42 ** 33 ** 33 ** 50 ** 36 ** 31 ** 32 ** 28 South ** 54 ** 29 ** 66 ** 43 ** 33 ** 41 ** 45 ** 31 ** 31 ** 47 ** 33 ** 30 ** 29 ** 27 Nonsouth ** 53 ** 30 ** 55 ** 47 ** 46 ** 42 ** 42 ** 34 ** 36 ** 52 ** 37 ** 31 ** 35 ** 30 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 22* ** 35* ** 41 ** 36 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 36 ** 43 ** 52 ** 38 ** 34 ** 34 ** 27 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 60* ** 58 ** 46 ** 45 ** 35 ** 35 ** 50 ** 38 ** 32 ** 31 ** 31 Born 1927-1942 43* 65 ** 37 ** 63 ** 52 ** 44 ** 45 ** 45 ** 39 ** 34 ** 53 ** 37 ** 25 ** 34 ** 23 Born 1911-1926 52 58 ** 32 ** 60 ** 50 ** 42 ** 42 ** 42 ** 28 ** 30 ** 49 ** 32 ** 27 ** 28 ** 24* Born 1895-1910 43 54 ** 29 ** 56 ** 41 ** 38 ** 32 ** 34 ** 24 ** 30 ** 51 ** 14* ** 36* ** 15* ** ** Born before 1895 47 39 ** 25 ** 46 ** 25 ** 33* ** 25* ** 33* ** 20* ** 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) ** 53 ** 32 ** 53 ** 44 ** 41 ** 42 ** 42 ** 33 ** 37 ** 51 ** 42 ** 30 ** 32 ** 31 Independents ** 50* ** 34 ** 64 ** 42 ** 35 ** 50 ** 41 ** 36 ** 36 ** 47 ** 28 ** 29 ** 43 ** 29* Republicans (incl leaners) ** 55 ** 27 ** 61 ** 51 ** 47 ** 40 ** 43 ** 34 ** 31 ** 51 ** 30 ** 32 ** 32 ** 28 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 41 ** 47 ** 42 ** 40 ** 49 ** 40 ** 28 ** 34 ** 26 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 42 ** 42 ** 35 ** 36 ** 53 ** 40 ** 35 ** 34 ** 35 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46 ** 45 ** 37 ** 30 ** 51 ** 33 ** 30 ** 34 ** 25 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 9A.3.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Time of Presidential Election Vote Decision 1948-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Last 2 Weeks of Campaign/On Election Day' Percent of group: '48 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 11 10 ** 9 ** 11 ** 12 ** 20 ** 11 ** 22 ** 24 ** 13 ** 16 ** 25 ** 18 ** 23 ** 15 Females 14 13 ** 11 ** 12 ** 14 ** 23 ** 16 ** 26 ** 27 ** 14 ** 19 ** 24 ** 20 ** 22 ** 15 Whites 13 12 ** 9 ** 12 ** 14 ** 23 ** 14 ** 25 ** 28 ** 13 ** 18 ** 27 ** 21 ** 22 ** 13 Blacks 11* 10* ** 20* ** 12 ** 2 ** 9 ** 15 ** 15 ** 10 ** 10 ** 16 ** 12 ** 9 ** 20 ** 21 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 11 13 ** 8 ** 7 ** 14 ** 18 ** 13 ** 16 ** 19 ** 17 ** 16 ** 14 ** 25* ** 16* ** 23* High School Diploma 15 12 ** 12 ** 13 ** 14 ** 23 ** 13 ** 25 ** 27 ** 12 ** 18 ** 26 ** 19 ** 21 ** 17 Some College, no Degree 11 6 ** 7 ** 15 ** 7 ** 27 ** 16 ** 28 ** 25 ** 14 ** 16 ** 26 ** 21 ** 24 ** 15 College Degree/ Post-grad ** 8 ** 9 ** 13 ** 12 ** 18 ** 14 ** 24 ** 27 ** 13 ** 18 ** 23 ** 16 ** 24 ** 13 Income 0-16 Percentile 16* 11 ** 9 ** 5 ** 13 ** 16 ** 13 ** 18 ** 14 ** 21 ** 13 ** 20 ** 18 ** 32 ** 13 Income 17-33 Percentile 18 15 ** 10 ** 6 ** 13 ** 20 ** 13 ** 20 ** 27 ** 17 ** 18 ** 22 ** 16 ** 18 ** 17 Income 34-67 Percentile 4 12 ** 10 ** 14 ** 13 ** 23 ** 13 ** 27 ** 28 ** 13 ** 19 ** 24 ** 21 ** 22 ** 15 Income 68-95 Percentile 16 12 ** 10 ** 15 ** 13 ** 24 ** 16 ** 26 ** 27 ** 12 ** 19 ** 26 ** 18 ** 21 ** 13 Income 96-100 Percentile 11 2 ** 8 ** 9 ** 12 ** 24 ** 11 ** 20 ** 23 ** 5 ** 9* ** 25 ** 14 ** 27 ** 15 Professionals ** 7 ** 6 ** 11 ** 11 ** 21 ** 11 ** 25 ** 26 ** 13 ** 18 ** 26 ** 17 ** 22 ** 14 White Collar ** 14 ** 16 ** 13 ** 14 ** 23 ** 16 ** 23 ** 28 ** 15 ** 16 ** 24 ** 18 ** 22 ** 15 Blue Collar ** 14 ** 9 ** 12 ** 15 ** 26 ** 12 ** 20 ** 26 ** 13 ** 17 ** 22 ** 20 ** 26 ** 15 Unskilled ** 12 ** 10 ** 0* ** 5* ** 20* ** 0* ** 25* ** 26* ** 12* ** 14* ** 24* ** 54* ** 35* ** 23* Farmers ** 11 ** 5 ** 6 ** 2* ** 14* ** 11* ** 24* ** 28* ** 24* ** 20* ** 29 ** 16* ** 34* ** 16* Housewives ** 12 ** 12 ** 14 ** 13 ** 20 ** 15 ** 28 ** 25 ** 9 ** 20 ** 25 ** 21 ** 13 ** 19 Union Households 14 14 ** 11 ** 14 ** 10 ** 27 ** 14 ** 24 ** 28 ** 16 ** 18 ** 24 ** 22 ** 22 ** 14 Non-Union Households 12 11 ** 9 ** 11 ** 13 ** 20 ** 14 ** 24 ** 25 ** 13 ** 17 ** 24 ** 19 ** 23 ** 16 South ** 10 ** 12 ** 12 ** 9 ** 17 ** 10 ** 18 ** 21 ** 12 ** 13 ** 23 ** 19 ** 18 ** 16 Nonsouth ** 12 ** 9 ** 11 ** 14 ** 23 ** 15 ** 26 ** 28 ** 14 ** 19 ** 25 ** 19 ** 25 ** 15 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 44* ** 41* ** 32 ** 14 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 27 ** 18 ** 17 ** 27 ** 16 ** 24 ** 18 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10* ** 26 ** 15 ** 30 ** 31 ** 15 ** 18 ** 24 ** 22 ** 21 ** 15 Born 1927-1942 29* 12 ** 11 ** 11 ** 13 ** 27 ** 15 ** 28 ** 26 ** 13 ** 17 ** 23 ** 19 ** 17 ** 13 Born 1911-1926 11 15 ** 13 ** 15 ** 11 ** 21 ** 14 ** 21 ** 24 ** 12 ** 16 ** 22 ** 16 ** 20 ** 16* Born 1895-1910 14 10 ** 8 ** 9 ** 13 ** 15 ** 10 ** 13 ** 14 ** 8 ** 18 ** 26* ** 3* ** 68* ** ** Born before 1895 5 8 ** 6 ** 9 ** 15 ** 13* ** 9* ** 18* ** 40* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) ** 15 ** 12 ** 15 ** 9 ** 21 ** 19 ** 24 ** 27 ** 16 ** 17 ** 21 ** 16 ** 22 ** 16 Independents ** 20* ** 23 ** 16 ** 18 ** 41 ** 11 ** 43 ** 33 ** 25 ** 36 ** 38 ** 51 ** 45 ** 40* Republicans (incl leaners) ** 5 ** 4 ** 7 ** 18 ** 18 ** 8 ** 19 ** 23 ** 8 ** 15 ** 25 ** 19 ** 19 ** 12 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 16 ** 23 ** 26 ** 14 ** 18 ** 21 ** 15 ** 23 ** 13 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 17 ** 27 ** 29 ** 16 ** 22 ** 27 ** 27 ** 34 ** 21 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 8 ** 22 ** 22 ** 9 ** 13 ** 24 ** 17 ** 19 ** 14 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 9A.3.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Congressional Vote 2 Major Parties 1952-2008 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Democrat 49 ** 53 61 56 58 65 57 52 54 56 62 57 58 54 57 55 60 59 64 59 47 49 49 51 47 53 54 Republican 51 ** 47 40 44 42 35 43 48 46 44 38 43 42 46 43 45 40 41 36 41 53 51 51 49 53 47 46 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1013 1157 962 1198 698 957 677 871 683 1337 1120 1317 1009 859 712 1185 981 1054 801 1365 884 952 529 842 638 688 1333 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 9B.1 Source: The American National Election Studies This question is variable VCF0707 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Congressional Vote 2 Major Parties 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Democrat' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 48 ** 58 61 55 61 65 62 52 54 56 63 58 60 56 54 53 58 59 59 57 44 44 47 47 47 51 48 Females 49 ** 48 60 56 55 65 53 52 55 56 61 57 58 53 60 57 62 59 69 62 50 53 51 55 47 55 58 Whites 47 ** 52 59 54 56 62 54 49 52 53 60 53 55 50 53 51 54 53 58 55 42 42 44 47 42 44 46 Blacks 92* ** 83* 79 83* 92* 95 89 87 82* 94 94 97 92 95 90 89 91 92 93 88 85 88 72 92 81 94 83 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 55 ** 52 67 59 69 81 61 70 66 63 65 68 72 69 76* 64 79 76 82 77 69* 76* 69* 71* 38* 74* 65* High School Diploma 47 ** 56 67 60 57 66 61 52 55 56 63 59 58 53 63 56 63 64 66 64 54 56 53 53 47 55 52 Some College, no Degree 43 ** 45 50 42 48 52 52 46 44 53 60 57 55 50 51 54 53 55 61 58 48 46 45 49 52 52 51 College Degree/ Post-grad 42 ** 48 40 46 55 48 45 41 50 54 60 47 56 56 51 51 58 52 60 52 38 39 46 50 44 50 56 Income 0-16 Percentile 48 ** 50 59 55 51 74 60 66 65 68 67 73 70 63 74 74 79 73 76 71 67 64 56* 75* ** 63 75 Income 17-33 Percentile 56 ** 57 71 58 65* 66 59* 55 61 59 75 63 57 65 58 62 72 62 77 71 69 67 58 60 ** 55 60 Income 34-67 Percentile 52 ** 59 64 58 62 69 56 51 55 56 65 60 61 52 63 54 59 57 71 61 48 50 49 54 ** 52 54 Income 68-95 Percentile 47 ** 51 59 55 57 59 60 48 52 54 56 52 54 50 53 50 53 55 56 54 35 37 42 47 ** 55 45 Income 96-100 Percentile 24* ** 38 22 41 40* 51 46 43 35* 37 46 38 49 41 40 41 52 35* 26* 31 33 38 46 34 ** 41 33 Professionals 39 ** 49 52 46 ** 51 ** 46 46 52 63 50 54 49 48 54 58 54 63 57 38 44 50 51 ** 60 ** White Collar 50 ** 51 54 49 ** 59 ** 46 59 57 60 55 54 55 53 57 57 60 61 56 48 49 47 50 ** 48 ** Blue Collar 59 ** 59 72 65 ** 75 ** 60 62 63 66 65 66 59 66 59 68 65 69 64 53 60 54 54 ** 53 ** Unskilled 68 ** 67 77* 58* ** 100* ** 89* 86* 75* 71* 69* 74* 59* 75* 72* 71* 60* 68* 72* 60* 60* 100* 68* ** 80* ** Farmers 43 ** 62 63 58 ** 70* ** 57* 72* 46* 61* 54* 47* 25* 37* 53* 57* 52* 64* 46* 58* 34* 9* 49* ** 60* ** Housewives 45 ** 47 56 57 ** 64 ** 49 49 49 56 55 57 55 69 41 52 57 63 60 49 34 34 46 ** 33 ** Union Households 61 ** 62 78 69 ** 80 68 58 63 62 71 72 70 65 70 62 64 68 72 66 61 59 57 67 63 60 62 Non-Union Households 44 ** 49 54 51 ** 59 53 50 52 53 59 52 54 51 54 53 59 57 62 58 44 46 47 49 44 51 52 South 93 ** 81 86 75 73 80 74 70 68 72 70 70 80 65 61 63 74 72 69 60 45 49 32 42 40 51 43 Nonsouth 42 ** 47 56 50 54 61 54 47 51 52 60 53 53 51 56 52 55 55 63 59 48 49 54 55 50 53 61 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 60 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 75* 37* 57* 36* 65 45* 68 53 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33* 49* 27* 58 64 67 67 54 44 48 44 50 39 52 54 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 44* 57* 47 62 63 69 59 59 58 61 55 58 60 64 60 43 45 50 51 50 47 45 Born 1927-1942 50 ** 53 69 55 57 65 60 53 56 55 63 55 58 52 57 54 54 57 61 58 50 51 49 44 48 49 53* Born 1911-1926 55 ** 56 61 62 56 67 59 50 55 53 57 59 60 53 61 56 67 54 65 68 59 56 55 65 67 60* ** Born 1895-1910 47 ** 51 60 52 61 66 51 57 48 57 61 57 58 55 48 51 67 58 76* 47* 63* 41* 100* 31* 25* ** ** Born before 1895 41 ** 48 56 46 56 53 56* 38* 53* 36* 66* 43* 67* 80* 33* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 80 ** 90 91 89 89 88 83 77 82 84 86 82 78 76 83 79 82 86 87 83 79 79 73 80 78 86 87 Independents 27* ** 37 46* 50 63* 73* 53* 50 52 56 57 57 57 55 33* 60 62 66 61* 60 51 41* 47* 51 40* 57* 42 Republicans (incl leaners) 10 ** 10 16 14 14 24 20 16 16 22 27 24 30 27 21 29 30 29 31 30 17 13 19 17 19 18 16 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 75 76 77 70 75 78 74 77 83 83 83 77 78 75 77 75 86 88 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56 61 57 60 53 62 65 63 63 65 59 57 56 52 57 55 62 61 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 42 50 37 43 38 37 37 44 39 43 40 26 23 29 27 25 27 21 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 9B.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Congressional Vote 2 Major Parties 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Republican' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 52 ** 42 39 45 39 35 38 48 46 44 37 42 40 44 46 47 42 41 41 43 56 56 53 53 53 49 52 Females 51 ** 52 40 44 45 35 47 48 45 44 39 43 42 47 40 43 38 41 31 38 50 47 49 45 53 45 42 Whites 53 ** 48 41 46 44 38 46 51 48 47 40 47 45 50 47 49 46 47 42 45 58 58 56 53 58 56 54 Blacks 8* ** 17* 21 17* 8* 5 11 13 18* 6 6 3 8 5 10 11 9 8 7 12 15 12 28 8 19 6 17 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 45 ** 48 33 41 31 19 39 30 34 37 35 32 28 31 24* 36 21 24 18 23 31* 24* 31* 29* 62* 26* 36* High School Diploma 53 ** 44 33 40 43 34 39 48 45 44 37 41 42 47 37 44 37 36 34 36 46 44 47 47 53 45 48 Some College, no Degree 57 ** 55 50 58 52 48 48 54 56 47 40 43 45 50 49 46 47 45 39 42 52 54 55 51 48 48 49 College Degree/ Post-grad 58 ** 52 60 54 45 52 55 59 50 46 40 53 44 45 49 49 42 48 40 48 62 61 54 50 56 50 44 Income 0-16 Percentile 52 ** 50 41 45 49 26 40 34 35 32 33 27 30 37 26 26 21 27 24 29 33 36 44* 25* ** 37 25 Income 17-33 Percentile 44 ** 43 29 42 35* 34 41* 45 39 41 25 37 43 35 42 38 28 38 23 29 31 33 42 40 ** 45 40 Income 34-67 Percentile 48 ** 41 36 42 38 31 44 49 45 44 35 40 39 48 37 46 41 43 29 39 52 50 51 46 ** 48 46 Income 68-95 Percentile 53 ** 50 41 45 43 41 40 52 48 46 44 48 46 50 47 50 47 45 44 46 65 63 58 53 ** 45 55 Income 96-100 Percentile 76* ** 62 78 59 60* 49 54 57 65* 63 54 63 51 59 60 59 48 65* 74* 69 67 62 54 66 ** 59 67 Professionals 61 ** 51 48 54 ** 49 ** 54 54 48 37 50 46 51 52 46 42 46 38 43 62 56 50 49 ** 40 ** White Collar 50 ** 49 46 51 ** 41 ** 54 41 43 40 45 46 45 47 43 43 40 39 44 52 51 53 50 ** 52 ** Blue Collar 41 ** 41 28 35 ** 25 ** 40 38 37 34 35 34 41 34 41 32 35 31 36 47 40 46 46 ** 47 ** Unskilled 32 ** 33 23* 42* ** 0* ** 11* 14* 25* 29* 31* 26* 41* 25* 28* 29* 40* 32* 28* 40* 40* 0* 32* ** 20* ** Farmers 57 ** 38 38 42 ** 30* ** 43* 28* 54* 39* 46* 53* 75* 63* 47* 43* 48* 36* 54* 42* 66* 91* 51* ** 40* ** Housewives 55 ** 53 44 43 ** 36 ** 51 51 51 44 45 43 45 31 59 48 43 37 40 51 66 66 54 ** 67 ** Union Households 39 ** 38 22 31 ** 20 32 42 37 38 29 28 30 35 30 38 36 32 28 34 39 41 43 33 37 41 38 Non-Union Households 56 ** 51 46 49 ** 41 47 50 48 47 41 48 46 49 46 47 41 43 38 42 56 54 53 52 56 49 48 South 7 ** 19 14 25 27 20 26 30 32 28 30 30 20 35 39 37 26 28 31 40 55 51 68 58 60 49 57 Nonsouth 58 ** 53 44 50 46 39 46 53 49 48 40 47 47 49 44 48 45 45 37 41 52 51 46 45 50 47 39 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 40 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 25* 63* 43* 64* 35 55* 32 48 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 67* 51* 73* 42 36 33 33 46 56 52 56 50 61 48 46 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 56* 43* 53 38 37 31 41 41 42 39 45 42 40 36 40 57 55 50 49 50 53 55 Born 1927-1942 50 ** 47 31 45 43 35 40 47 44 45 37 45 42 48 43 46 46 43 39 42 50 49 51 56 52 51 47* Born 1911-1926 45 ** 44 39 38 44 33 41 50 45 47 43 41 40 47 39 44 33 46 35 32 41 44 45 35 33 40* ** Born 1895-1910 53 ** 49 40 48 39 34 49 43 52 43 39 43 42 45 52 49 33 42 24* 53* 37* 59* 0* 69* 75* ** ** Born before 1895 59 ** 52 44 54 44 47 44* 62* 47* 64* 34* 57* 33* 20* 67* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 20 ** 10 9 11 11 12 17 23 18 16 14 18 22 24 17 21 18 14 13 17 21 21 27 20 22 14 13 Independents 73* ** 63 54* 50 38* 27* 47* 50 48 44 43 43 43 45 67* 40 38 34 39* 40 49 59* 53* 49 60* 43* 58 Republicans (incl leaners) 90 ** 90 84 86 86 76 80 84 84 78 73 76 70 73 79 71 70 71 69 70 83 87 81 83 81 82 84 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 25 24 23 30 25 23 27 23 17 17 17 23 22 25 23 25 14 12 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 44 39 43 40 47 38 35 37 37 35 41 43 44 48 43 45 38 39 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 58 50 63 57 62 63 63 56 61 57 60 74 77 71 74 75 74 79 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 9B.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Split Ticket Voting Presidential/Congressional 1952-2008 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Dem. Pres./Dem. Congr. 39 ** 39 ** 45 ** 59 ** 40 ** 31 ** 42 ** 35 ** 36 ** 40 ** 48 ** 44 ** 43 ** 43 46 Dem. Pres./Rep. Congr. 2 ** 2 ** 4 ** 9 ** 7 ** 5 ** 9 ** 8 ** 6 ** 7 ** 10 ** 13 ** 10 ** 7 9 Rep. Pres./Dem. Congr. 10 ** 13 ** 10 ** 6 ** 11 ** 25 ** 16 ** 20 ** 20 ** 18 ** 12 ** 4 ** 9 ** 10 8 Rep. Pres./Rep. Congr. 49 ** 45 ** 41 ** 26 ** 42 ** 40 ** 34 ** 38 ** 39 ** 34 ** 30 ** 38 ** 39 ** 40 38 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1009 1151 1187 947 776 1293 1280 762 1144 1030 1124 855 814 674 1286 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 9B.2 Source: The American National Election Studies This question is variable VCF0709 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Split Ticket Voting Presidential/Congressional 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Dem. Pres./ Dem. Congr.' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 39 ** 42 ** 47 ** 57 ** 39 ** 29 ** 42 ** 33 ** 34 ** 39 ** 45 ** 39 ** 40 ** 38 41 Females 38 ** 36 ** 44 ** 60 ** 41 ** 32 ** 41 ** 36 ** 37 ** 42 ** 51 ** 49 ** 45 ** 48 49 Whites 37 ** 38 ** 44 ** 56 ** 36 ** 26 ** 36 ** 28 ** 31 ** 33 ** 42 ** 35 ** 37 ** 34 36 Blacks 86* ** 66* ** 75* ** 95 ** 85 ** 85 ** 93 ** 93 ** 82 ** 86 ** 82 ** 89 ** 90 ** 88 83 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 46 ** 42 ** 55 ** 78 ** 58 ** 37 ** 60 ** 54 ** 50 ** 59 ** 67 ** 77* ** 71* ** 56* 56* High School Diploma 38 ** 42 ** 48 ** 60 ** 42 ** 29 ** 44 ** 35 ** 36 ** 45 ** 53 ** 52 ** 45 ** 43 45 Some College, no Degree 23 ** 27 ** 32 ** 45 ** 28 ** 27 ** 37 ** 29 ** 32 ** 36 ** 46 ** 40 ** 42 ** 42 45 College Degree/ Post-grad 28 ** 32 ** 34 ** 37 ** 30 ** 33 ** 30 ** 31 ** 35 ** 34 ** 41 ** 33 ** 39 ** 44 47 Income 0-16 Percentile 40 ** 39 ** 46 ** 73 ** 51 ** 38 ** 61 ** 55 ** 60 ** 56 ** 64 ** 64 ** 66* ** 48 64 Income 17-33 Percentile 44 ** 45 ** 43 ** 62 ** 40 ** 31 ** 51 ** 39 ** 46 ** 50 ** 59 ** 65 ** 53 ** 44 55 Income 34-67 Percentile 42 ** 42 ** 50 ** 64 ** 40 ** 32 ** 46 ** 32 ** 36 ** 42 ** 49 ** 45 ** 46 ** 44 48 Income 68-95 Percentile 37 ** 40 ** 47 ** 50 ** 39 ** 28 ** 33 ** 29 ** 29 ** 32 ** 40 ** 31 ** 38 ** 42 36 Income 96-100 Percentile 17* ** 23 ** 20 ** 42 ** 26* ** 16 ** 18 ** 20* ** 14 ** 19* ** 28 ** 36 ** 28 ** 34 24 Professionals 28 ** 34 ** 34 ** 41 ** 34 ** 29 ** 33 ** 28 ** 34 ** 37 ** 46 ** 38 ** 40 ** 51 ** White Collar 33 ** 36 ** 37 ** 55 ** 37 ** 30 ** 38 ** 34 ** 34 ** 38 ** 41 ** 43 ** 43 ** 35 ** Blue Collar 53 ** 47 ** 60 ** 71 ** 48 ** 37 ** 55 ** 39 ** 43 ** 45 ** 56 ** 57 ** 43 ** 44 ** Unskilled 64 ** 60 ** 32* ** 87* ** 71* ** 44* ** 57* ** 42* ** 72* ** 47* ** 48* ** 50* ** 62* ** 77* ** Farmers 33 ** 49 ** 45 ** 67* ** 42* ** 17* ** 35* ** 15* ** 21* ** 34* ** 33* ** 36* ** 49* ** 43* ** Housewives 34 ** 34 ** 44 ** 58 ** 39 ** 24 ** 35 ** 35 ** 25 ** 43 ** 49 ** 30 ** 41 ** 26 ** Union Households 54 ** 51 ** 60 ** 76 ** 47 ** 39 ** 58 ** 46 ** 48 ** 50 ** 57 ** 56 ** 56 ** 55 54 Non-Union Households 32 ** 35 ** 40 ** 52 ** 38 ** 27 ** 36 ** 30 ** 32 ** 38 ** 46 ** 41 ** 40 ** 40 44 South 51 ** 56 ** 54 ** 66 ** 45 ** 29 ** 50 ** 42 ** 38 ** 43 ** 48 ** 44 ** 33 ** 42 36 Nonsouth 37 ** 36 ** 43 ** 57 ** 39 ** 31 ** 39 ** 32 ** 35 ** 39 ** 48 ** 44 ** 46 ** 44 52 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 55 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* ** 42* ** 61 ** 63 47 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33* ** 36 ** 44 ** 40 ** 43 ** 38 ** 40 45 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 44* ** 35 ** 40 ** 40 ** 34 ** 34 ** 41 ** 49 ** 40 ** 42 ** 37 29 Born 1927-1942 38 ** 38 ** 47 ** 59 ** 42 ** 29 ** 40 ** 31 ** 33 ** 39 ** 46 ** 45 ** 38 ** 43 48* Born 1911-1926 43 ** 40 ** 48 ** 60 ** 38 ** 26 ** 43 ** 35 ** 39 ** 38 ** 58 ** 52 ** 59 ** 42* ** Born 1895-1910 36 ** 38 ** 43 ** 59 ** 42 ** 30 ** 45 ** 42 ** 37 ** 40 ** 41* ** 41* ** 0* ** ** ** Born before 1895 34 ** 39 ** 39 ** 51 ** 36* ** 20* ** 23* ** 80* ** 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 67 ** 73 ** 79 ** 83 ** 68 ** 54 ** 70 ** 62 ** 68 ** 76 ** 79 ** 78 ** 77 ** 82 82 Independents 20* ** 12 ** 34 ** 65* ** 26 ** 22 ** 35 ** 20 ** 23 ** 27 ** 43 ** 28* ** 34* ** 41* 25 Republicans (incl leaners) 3 ** 3 ** 5 ** 16 ** 5 ** 4 ** 6 ** 4 ** 3 ** 4 ** 6 ** 6 ** 4 ** 4 5 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 61 ** 67 ** 65 ** 63 ** 73 ** 81 ** 77 ** 75 ** 86 83 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 28 ** 41 ** 31 ** 42 ** 42 ** 46 ** 51 ** 49 ** 50 52 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10 ** 15 ** 13 ** 15 ** 19 ** 21 ** 17 ** 16 ** 13 11 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 9B.2.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Split Ticket Voting Presidential/Congressional 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Dem. Pres./ Rep. Congr.' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 2 ** 2 ** 5 ** 8 ** 7 ** 3 ** 9 ** 7 ** 4 ** 5 ** 9 ** 12 ** 8 ** 8 10 Females 2 ** 2 ** 3 ** 10 ** 7 ** 6 ** 9 ** 9 ** 7 ** 9 ** 11 ** 14 ** 11 ** 6 8 Whites 2 ** 2 ** 4 ** 9 ** 7 ** 5 ** 10 ** 8 ** 5 ** 7 ** 10 ** 14 ** 11 ** 9 8 Blacks 0* ** 0* ** 2* ** 5 ** 11 ** 5 ** 1 ** 2 ** 8 ** 6 ** 12 ** 11 ** 7 ** 4 16 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 2 ** 2 ** 4 ** 4 ** 6 ** 5 ** 7 ** 10 ** 6 ** 1 ** 7 ** 11* ** 0* ** 8* 20* High School Diploma 3 ** 2 ** 5 ** 9 ** 6 ** 5 ** 10 ** 8 ** 6 ** 7 ** 10 ** 12 ** 10 ** 7 12 Some College, no Degree 2 ** 4 ** 2 ** 12 ** 9 ** 3 ** 10 ** 8 ** 5 ** 6 ** 11 ** 15 ** 11 ** 5 9 College Degree/ Post-grad 1 ** 1 ** 3 ** 11 ** 8 ** 6 ** 8 ** 5 ** 6 ** 7 ** 10 ** 15 ** 10 ** 9 6 Income 0-16 Percentile 2 ** 2 ** 2 ** 2 ** 5 ** 7 ** 4 ** 10 ** 7 ** 4 ** 10 ** 11 ** 7* ** 6 6 Income 17-33 Percentile 1 ** 1 ** 6 ** 8 ** 7 ** 5 ** 9 ** 9 ** 6 ** 7 ** 6 ** 11 ** 8 ** 12 15 Income 34-67 Percentile 3 ** 2 ** 4 ** 12 ** 6 ** 4 ** 11 ** 8 ** 6 ** 8 ** 11 ** 11 ** 8 ** 8 9 Income 68-95 Percentile 2 ** 3 ** 5 ** 9 ** 9 ** 5 ** 11 ** 10 ** 6 ** 8 ** 8 ** 17 ** 12 ** 5 9 Income 96-100 Percentile 4* ** 1 ** 1 ** 12 ** 4* ** 2 ** 3 ** 0* ** 5 ** 3* ** 23 ** 13 ** 6 ** 6 2 Professionals 1 ** 1 ** 5 ** 11 ** 7 ** 6 ** 8 ** 11 ** 5 ** 9 ** 11 ** 14 ** 10 ** 7 ** White Collar 3 ** 2 ** 7 ** 11 ** 9 ** 6 ** 9 ** 4 ** 6 ** 8 ** 11 ** 15 ** 11 ** 4 ** Blue Collar 2 ** 3 ** 4 ** 8 ** 7 ** 2 ** 12 ** 9 ** 5 ** 6 ** 9 ** 11 ** 10 ** 9 ** Unskilled 1 ** 2 ** 0* ** 0* ** 0* ** 6* ** 11* ** 5* ** 0* ** 5* ** 9* ** 11* ** 10* ** 10* ** Farmers 3 ** 1 ** 9 ** 0* ** 0* ** 0* ** 6* ** 8* ** 3* ** 9* ** 8* ** 11* ** 4* ** 0* ** Housewives 3 ** 2 ** 2 ** 8 ** 7 ** 6 ** 7 ** 6 ** 8 ** 3 ** 5 ** 18 ** 11 ** 9 ** Union Households 2 ** 2 ** 4 ** 8 ** 9 ** 4 ** 10 ** 8 ** 10 ** 8 ** 11 ** 18 ** 9 ** 10 4 Non-Union Households 3 ** 2 ** 4 ** 9 ** 6 ** 5 ** 9 ** 8 ** 4 ** 7 ** 10 ** 12 ** 10 ** 7 10 South 0 ** 0 ** 0 ** 0 ** 5 ** 3 ** 5 ** 5 ** 6 ** 6 ** 10 ** 14 ** 12 ** 8 10 Nonsouth 3 ** 3 ** 5 ** 11 ** 7 ** 5 ** 10 ** 9 ** 6 ** 8 ** 10 ** 13 ** 9 ** 7 8 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 13* ** 0* ** 12 ** 5 9 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 12* ** 8 ** 4 ** 14 ** 12 ** 9 ** 7 8 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 22* ** 18 ** 6 ** 13 ** 5 ** 6 ** 7 ** 10 ** 17 ** 11 ** 9 11 Born 1927-1942 3 ** 3 ** 1 ** 11 ** 8 ** 5 ** 7 ** 7 ** 7 ** 8 ** 11 ** 11 ** 11 ** 7 1* Born 1911-1926 2 ** 2 ** 5 ** 10 ** 6 ** 4 ** 10 ** 12 ** 3 ** 7 ** 5 ** 13 ** 7 ** 5* ** Born 1895-1910 2 ** 3 ** 6 ** 5 ** 4 ** 3 ** 7 ** 9 ** 3 ** 8 ** 10* ** 20* ** 0* ** ** ** Born before 1895 2 ** 1 ** 2 ** 4 ** 3* ** 0* ** 0* ** 0* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 4 ** 3 ** 5 ** 8 ** 11 ** 5 ** 11 ** 12 ** 10 ** 9 ** 13 ** 16 ** 14 ** 10 10 Independents 2* ** 4 ** 13 ** 13* ** 2 ** 7 ** 13 ** 5 ** 5 ** 8 ** 21 ** 25* ** 13* ** 15* 27 Republicans (incl leaners) 1 ** 1 ** 2 ** 10 ** 2 ** 3 ** 6 ** 3 ** 1 ** 4 ** 5 ** 9 ** 4 ** 4 5 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 8 ** 12 ** 10 ** 10 ** 9 ** 10 ** 17 ** 11 ** 9 8 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 3 ** 11 ** 10 ** 6 ** 10 ** 13 ** 15 ** 17 ** 10 11 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 2 ** 6 ** 6 ** 2 ** 5 ** 5 ** 7 ** 7 ** 4 6 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 9B.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Split Ticket Voting Presidential/Congressional 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Rep. Pres./ Dem. Congr.' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 9 ** 15 ** 7 ** 8 ** 12 ** 27 ** 15 ** 24 ** 20 ** 20 ** 12 ** 5 ** 7 ** 12 7 Females 12 ** 12 ** 12 ** 5 ** 10 ** 24 ** 16 ** 16 ** 19 ** 17 ** 12 ** 4 ** 9 ** 7 8 Whites 10 ** 13 ** 10 ** 7 ** 12 ** 26 ** 17 ** 21 ** 20 ** 20 ** 13 ** 5 ** 10 ** 10 9 Blacks 5* ** 17* ** 7* ** 0 ** 2 ** 9 ** 4 ** 2 ** 8 ** 5 ** 5 ** 0 ** 2 ** 6 0 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 9 ** 10 ** 4 ** 3 ** 9 ** 25 ** 8 ** 15 ** 16 ** 19 ** 12 ** 2* ** 0* ** 18* 8* High School Diploma 9 ** 13 ** 12 ** 6 ** 9 ** 27 ** 15 ** 19 ** 20 ** 19 ** 13 ** 4 ** 8 ** 12 7 Some College, no Degree 19 ** 18 ** 10 ** 7 ** 15 ** 25 ** 19 ** 20 ** 22 ** 19 ** 11 ** 4 ** 7 ** 9 6 College Degree/ Post-grad 13 ** 16 ** 11 ** 12 ** 12 ** 20 ** 17 ** 25 ** 17 ** 17 ** 12 ** 5 ** 11 ** 6 9 Income 0-16 Percentile 8 ** 11 ** 9 ** 1 ** 13 ** 28 ** 11 ** 8 ** 15 ** 18 ** 9 ** 1 ** 9* ** 14 9 Income 17-33 Percentile 12 ** 12 ** 14 ** 5 ** 15 ** 28 ** 13 ** 26 ** 17 ** 13 ** 14 ** 1 ** 7 ** 11 6 Income 34-67 Percentile 10 ** 17 ** 8 ** 5 ** 10 ** 24 ** 14 ** 20 ** 19 ** 15 ** 11 ** 5 ** 8 ** 7 6 Income 68-95 Percentile 10 ** 10 ** 8 ** 9 ** 9 ** 25 ** 19 ** 20 ** 21 ** 23 ** 14 ** 5 ** 8 ** 13 10 Income 96-100 Percentile 7* ** 15 ** 21 ** 9 ** 14* ** 21 ** 19 ** 17* ** 26 ** 16* ** 4 ** 3 ** 6 ** 6 9 Professionals 11 ** 15 ** 10 ** 11 ** 11 ** 23 ** 17 ** 20 ** 20 ** 16 ** 13 ** 5 ** 10 ** 9 ** White Collar 17 ** 16 ** 12 ** 5 ** 10 ** 27 ** 16 ** 21 ** 24 ** 22 ** 14 ** 5 ** 7 ** 13 ** Blue Collar 6 ** 12 ** 4 ** 4 ** 11 ** 26 ** 11 ** 20 ** 16 ** 21 ** 9 ** 4 ** 11 ** 8 ** Unskilled 4 ** 8 ** 26* ** 13* ** 14* ** 31* ** 15* ** 11* ** 0* ** 11* ** 19* ** 9* ** 6* ** 0* ** Farmers 10 ** 12 ** 13 ** 4* ** 13* ** 26* ** 15* ** 15* ** 35* ** 19* ** 11* ** 0* ** 0* ** 17* ** Housewives 11 ** 13 ** 13 ** 6 ** 9 ** 25 ** 21 ** 19 ** 16 ** 14 ** 12 ** 1 ** 5 ** 8 ** Union Households 7 ** 12 ** 8 ** 4 ** 11 ** 23 ** 14 ** 19 ** 15 ** 17 ** 10 ** 3 ** 11 ** 4 7 Non-Union Households 11 ** 14 ** 10 ** 7 ** 11 ** 25 ** 16 ** 20 ** 21 ** 19 ** 13 ** 5 ** 8 ** 11 8 South 43 ** 25 ** 20 ** 14 ** 21 ** 43 ** 21 ** 24 ** 25 ** 28 ** 14 ** 5 ** 9 ** 10 8 Nonsouth 5 ** 11 ** 7 ** 5 ** 9 ** 21 ** 14 ** 18 ** 18 ** 15 ** 12 ** 4 ** 8 ** 9 8 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 6 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* ** 0* ** 6 ** 5 5 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 15* ** 22 ** 23 ** 12 ** 2 ** 11 ** 12 9 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 0* ** 14 ** 23 ** 18 ** 23 ** 21 ** 19 ** 12 ** 6 ** 9 ** 9 16 Born 1927-1942 12 ** 15 ** 8 ** 7 ** 11 ** 25 ** 15 ** 20 ** 20 ** 18 ** 15 ** 5 ** 5 ** 7 3* Born 1911-1926 12 ** 16 ** 13 ** 7 ** 9 ** 26 ** 16 ** 19 ** 18 ** 15 ** 11 ** 5 ** 7 ** 19* ** Born 1895-1910 11 ** 13 ** 8 ** 7 ** 14 ** 26 ** 12 ** 13 ** 14 ** 19 ** 4* ** 0* ** 0* ** ** ** Born before 1895 7 ** 9 ** 6 ** 2 ** 3* ** 15* ** 20* ** 0* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 13 ** 17 ** 10 ** 5 ** 9 ** 30 ** 12 ** 15 ** 11 ** 10 ** 6 ** 2 ** 3 ** 5 5 Independents 7* ** 25 ** 14 ** 8* ** 25 ** 35 ** 22 ** 36 ** 36 ** 40 ** 21 ** 10* ** 22* ** 16* 16 Republicans (incl leaners) 7 ** 7 ** 9 ** 9 ** 11 ** 18 ** 19 ** 23 ** 26 ** 24 ** 20 ** 6 ** 13 ** 14 10 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 14 ** 10 ** 10 ** 11 ** 10 ** 4 ** 2 ** 3 ** 1 4 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 28 ** 16 ** 26 ** 24 ** 21 ** 14 ** 7 ** 8 ** 12 10 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 32 ** 22 ** 24 ** 22 ** 19 ** 18 ** 5 ** 11 ** 13 10 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 9B.2.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Split Ticket Voting Presidential/Congressional 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Rep. Pres./ Rep. Congr.' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 49 ** 40 ** 41 ** 27 ** 43 ** 41 ** 33 ** 36 ** 42 ** 36 ** 34 ** 44 ** 45 ** 42 42 Females 48 ** 50 ** 40 ** 25 ** 42 ** 39 ** 34 ** 39 ** 37 ** 33 ** 26 ** 33 ** 34 ** 38 34 Whites 51 ** 46 ** 42 ** 28 ** 46 ** 43 ** 37 ** 43 ** 44 ** 41 ** 35 ** 45 ** 43 ** 48 47 Blacks 8* ** 17* ** 16* ** 0 ** 2 ** 1 ** 1 ** 2 ** 3 ** 2 ** 1 ** 0 ** 2 ** 2 1 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 42 ** 45 ** 37 ** 15 ** 27 ** 33 ** 26 ** 21 ** 29 ** 21 ** 14 ** 11* ** 29* ** 18* 17* High School Diploma 51 ** 42 ** 35 ** 25 ** 42 ** 40 ** 31 ** 38 ** 38 ** 29 ** 25 ** 32 ** 37 ** 38 36 Some College, no Degree 56 ** 50 ** 56 ** 36 ** 47 ** 44 ** 34 ** 43 ** 40 ** 39 ** 32 ** 41 ** 40 ** 43 40 College Degree/ Post-grad 57 ** 51 ** 52 ** 40 ** 51 ** 41 ** 45 ** 40 ** 42 ** 42 ** 37 ** 48 ** 40 ** 41 38 Income 0-16 Percentile 50 ** 48 ** 42 ** 23 ** 31 ** 27 ** 24 ** 27 ** 18 ** 22 ** 17 ** 24 ** 18* ** 32 20 Income 17-33 Percentile 42 ** 42 ** 36 ** 25 ** 38 ** 36 ** 27 ** 26 ** 31 ** 30 ** 20 ** 23 ** 32 ** 33 25 Income 34-67 Percentile 45 ** 39 ** 38 ** 19 ** 45 ** 40 ** 29 ** 40 ** 40 ** 35 ** 29 ** 39 ** 38 ** 41 38 Income 68-95 Percentile 50 ** 46 ** 41 ** 31 ** 43 ** 42 ** 37 ** 41 ** 44 ** 38 ** 37 ** 46 ** 42 ** 40 45 Income 96-100 Percentile 72* ** 61 ** 58 ** 37 ** 56* ** 61 ** 60 ** 63* ** 54 ** 62* ** 45 ** 48 ** 59 ** 53 65 Professionals 61 ** 50 ** 51 ** 37 ** 48 ** 42 ** 42 ** 41 ** 41 ** 38 ** 30 ** 43 ** 40 ** 33 ** White Collar 47 ** 47 ** 44 ** 29 ** 45 ** 37 ** 36 ** 41 ** 36 ** 32 ** 33 ** 37 ** 39 ** 48 ** Blue Collar 39 ** 38 ** 32 ** 17 ** 34 ** 35 ** 22 ** 31 ** 36 ** 29 ** 26 ** 28 ** 36 ** 39 ** Unskilled 30 ** 31 ** 42* ** 0* ** 14* ** 19* ** 17* ** 42* ** 28* ** 37* ** 24* ** 29* ** 22* ** 14* ** Farmers 54 ** 37 ** 33 ** 28* ** 45* ** 57* ** 43* ** 62* ** 41* ** 38* ** 48* ** 53* ** 47* ** 40* ** Housewives 52 ** 51 ** 42 ** 28 ** 45 ** 46 ** 38 ** 40 ** 51 ** 41 ** 34 ** 52 ** 43 ** 57 ** Union Households 37 ** 35 ** 27 ** 12 ** 33 ** 33 ** 18 ** 27 ** 28 ** 25 ** 22 ** 23 ** 24 ** 31 34 Non-Union Households 54 ** 49 ** 45 ** 32 ** 45 ** 43 ** 39 ** 42 ** 43 ** 36 ** 31 ** 42 ** 42 ** 43 38 South 6 ** 19 ** 26 ** 21 ** 29 ** 25 ** 24 ** 29 ** 31 ** 23 ** 29 ** 38 ** 47 ** 40 47 Nonsouth 55 ** 50 ** 45 ** 28 ** 45 ** 44 ** 37 ** 41 ** 42 ** 38 ** 30 ** 38 ** 36 ** 40 31 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 29 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 13* ** 58* ** 21 ** 27 39 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 39* ** 35 ** 29 ** 34 ** 42 ** 42 ** 42 38 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 33* ** 33 ** 30 ** 29 ** 38 ** 38 ** 33 ** 29 ** 37 ** 39 ** 44 45 Born 1927-1942 47 ** 44 ** 43 ** 23 ** 38 ** 40 ** 38 ** 42 ** 39 ** 35 ** 29 ** 39 ** 46 ** 43 47* Born 1911-1926 42 ** 43 ** 33 ** 23 ** 47 ** 44 ** 31 ** 34 ** 40 ** 40 ** 26 ** 31 ** 27 ** 35* ** Born 1895-1910 51 ** 46 ** 43 ** 28 ** 40 ** 41 ** 37 ** 36 ** 47 ** 33 ** 45* ** 40* ** 100* ** ** ** Born before 1895 57 ** 51 ** 53 ** 43 ** 58* ** 66* ** 57* ** 20* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 16 ** 8 ** 6 ** 4 ** 12 ** 11 ** 7 ** 11 ** 10 ** 5 ** 3 ** 4 ** 6 ** 4 3 Independents 70* ** 59 ** 40 ** 15* ** 47 ** 36 ** 30 ** 39 ** 36 ** 25 ** 15 ** 37* ** 31* ** 28* 31 Republicans (incl leaners) 89 ** 89 ** 84 ** 66 ** 82 ** 75 ** 69 ** 70 ** 70 ** 67 ** 69 ** 79 ** 78 ** 78 80 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 18 ** 12 ** 14 ** 16 ** 8 ** 5 ** 4 ** 11 ** 4 5 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 41 ** 31 ** 33 ** 28 ** 27 ** 27 ** 27 ** 26 ** 29 27 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 55 ** 57 ** 56 ** 61 ** 57 ** 56 ** 71 ** 66 ** 70 73 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 9B.2.4 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10