Version 01 Codebook
-------------------
CODEBOOK INTRODUCTION FILE
1948 PRE-POST STUDY
(1948.T)











                    AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES:

                       THE 1948 MINOR ELECTION STUDY






                         PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS


                              ANGUS CAMPBELL
                              ROBERT L. KAHN





                           
                          SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER
                          UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN


                          OCTOBER-NOVEMBER, 1948

















                         ICPSR ARCHIVE NUMBER 7218

                             TABLE OF CONTENTS



           Note: >>sections in the codebook introduction and
           codebook appendix can be navigated in the
           machine-readable files by searching ">>".



INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL  (file int1948.cbk)
---------------------
>> 1948 STUDY DESCRIPTION
>> 1948 SAMPLING INFORMATION
>> 1948 PROCESSING INFORMATION
>> 1948 CODEBOOK INFORMATION
>> 1948 VARIABLE DESCRIPTION LIST


CODEBOOK
--------
1948 variables


APPENDICES  (file app1948.cbk)
----------
>> 1948 AREA CODE NOTE



>> 1948 STUDY DESCRIPTION

           THE 1948 ELECTION STUDY WAS CONDUCTED BY THE SURVEY
       RESEARCH CENTER UNDER THE DIRECTION OF DR. ROBERT L. KAHN
       AND UNDER THE GENERAL SUPERVISION OF DR. ANGUS CAMPBELL.THE
       STUDY CONTAINS DATA FROM TWO NATION-WIDE SURVEYS CONDUCTED
       DURING OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER OF 1948.  THE FIRST OF THESE
       SURVEYS (S41) WAS NOT PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH THE ELECTION;
       ITS MAJOR FOCUS WAS ON PUBLIC ATTITUDES REGARDING AMERICAN
       FOREIGN POLICY.  HOWEVER, IN ORDER TO PROVIDE SOME MEASURE
       OF DEGREE OF POLITICAL INTEREST AND OF GENERAL POLITICAL
       ORIENTATION, RESPONDENTS WERE ASKED IF THEY WERE GOING TO
       VOTE IN THE 1948 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND FOR WHAT PARTY
       THEY PLANNED TO VOTE.  THESE TWO QUESTIONS PLUS FIVE CONCERN-
       ING AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY COMPRISE THE DATA FROM S41
       INCLUDED IN THE CONSORTIUM'S 1948 ELECTION STUDY.

           THE SECOND SURVEY (S46) WAS UNDERTAKEN IN NOVEMBER AFTER
       THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION HAD BEEN HELD, AND ONE OF THE
       OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY WAS TO GATHER DATA WHICH WOULDHELP
       ILLUMINATE SOME OF THE PERPLEXITIES OF THE PRESIDENTIAL VOTE.
       THE STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO EXAMINE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
       REPUBLICAN AND DEMOCRATIC VOTERS, THE IMPORTANCE OF VARIOUS
       NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ISSUES AND THE EFFECTS OF THE
       PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS ON VOTING BEHAVIOR.  INTERVIEWERS
       ASKED RESPONDENTS BOTH CLOSED AND OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS IN
       BOTH SURVEYS.

           ANALYSIS OF THE DATA COLLECTED IN S41 AND S46 CAN BE
       FOUND IN THE REPORT PUBLISHED BY THE SURVEY RESEARCH CEN-
       TER (UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN) IN APRIL OF 1949:
       A STUDY OF THE PRESIDENTIAL VOTE:  NOVEMBER OF 1948.







>> 1948 SAMPLING INFORMATION

           INDIVIDUALS INTERVIEWED WERE A REPRESENTATIVE CROSS-
       SECTION OF THE UNITED STATES ADULT POPULATION LIVING IN
       PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS.  THE SAMPLE WAS SELECTED BY AREA
       SAMPLING.  THE 662 INTERVIEWS CAME FROM 32 SAMPLE POINTS -
       27 WIDELY SCATTERED COUNTIES PLUS 5 OF THE TWELVE LARGEST
       METROPOLITAN AREAS, EACH OF THE LATTER INCLUDING SEVERAL
       COUNTIES.  IN EACH SAMPLE POINT SEVERAL COMMUNITIES WERE
       SELECTED.  WITHIN EACH SAMPLE CITY OR TOWN SAMPLE BLOCKS
       WERE SELECTED AT RANDOM.  FOR CITIES WITH POPULATIONS OF
       50,000 OR MORE, CENSUS STATISTICS SHOWING AVERAGE RENTAL
       VALUE WERE AVAILABLE FOR EACH BLOCK, AND THIS INFORMATION
       WAS USED AS A BASIS FOR STRATIFICATION OF THE BLOCKS.  A
       RANDOM SAMPLE OF DWELLING UNITS WAS TAKEN FROM THESE BLOCKS,
       AND ONE PERSON FROM EACH HOUSEHOLD WAS INTERVIEWED.

           THE TOTAL NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS IN THE 1948 ELECTION
       STUDY IS 662.






>> 1948 PROCESSING INFORMATION

           THE STUDY WAS PROCESSED ACCORDING TO ICPSR STANDARD
       PROCESSING PROCEDURES; THE CODE CATEGORIES WERE RECODED TO
       ELIMINATE AMPS AND DASHES AND TO CONFORM TO ICPSR STANDARD-
       IZED CODES WHERE APPLICABLE, AND THE DATA WERE CHECKED FOR
       INCONSISTENT AND ILLEGAL CODES.  THE LATTER WERE CORRECTED
       BY REFERRING BACK TO THE ORIGINAL INTERVIEW SCHEDULES.

           IN USING THIS CODEBOOK SEVERAL FEATURES SHOULD BE
       NOTED.  THE FIRST IS THAT THE TENS DIGITS OF MOST TWO
       DIGIT CODES CAN BE MEANINGFULLY USED ALONE.  ANOTHER IS
       THAT A VARIABLE NAME PRECEDED BY AN X DESIGNATES A VARIABLE
       DEPENDENT ON SOME OTHER VARIABLE DUE TO THE STRUCTURE OF THE
       INTERVIEW SCHEDULE.

           EACH VARIABLE IS HEADED BY A "VARIABLE NAME" WHICH, IN
       MOST CASES, CONTAINS SEVERAL ABBREVIATED WORDS.  IF
       NECESSARY THESE ABBREVIATIONS CAN BE TRANSLATED BY REFERRING
       TO THE NAME AS IT APPEARS IN ITS UNABBREVIATED FORM IN THE
       TABLE OF CONTENTS BELOW.  THE DATA COLLECTED IN THE PRE-
       ELECTION STUDY (S41) HAVE A "41-" PRECEDING THE VARIABLE
       NAMES.

           EACH VARIABLE IS GIVEN A "VARIABLE NUMBER" AND A "REFER-
       ENCE NUMBER" WHICH IN THIS CODEBOOK ARE IDENTICAL.  THE
       DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO IS NOT MATERIAL EXCEPT IN THE
       CASE OF FUTURE CUSTOM CODEBOOKS.  CERTAIN CODES ARE LABELED
       MISSING DATA CODES ("MD").  THIS INFORMATION IS USED BY
       SOME ISR ANALYSIS PROGRAMS.  THIS IS THE ONLY MEANING OR
       USE OF THIS SPECIFICATION; IT DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE USER
       SHOULD NOT OR CANNOT USE THESE CODES IN A SUBSTANTIVE ROLE
       IF HE SO DESIRES.  "GE," USED IN THE SPECIFICATION OF
       MISSING DATA CODES, MEANS "GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO."
       PLEASE NOTE THAT, IN ANY CASE, FOR MANY USERS THE ONLY
       CRUCIAL INFORMATION IN THE VARIABLE HEADER IS THE DECK AND
       COLUMN NUMBER, WHICH ARE FOUND ON THE THIRD LINE ON THE
       RIGHT.







>> 1948 CODEBOOK INFORMATION

The following example from the 1948 NES study provides the standard 
format for codebook variable documentation. 

Note that NES studies which are not part of the Time-Series usually
omit marginals and the descriptive content in lines 2-5 (except for
variable name).


Line

1  ==============================                                              
2  VAR 480026    NAME-R NOT VT-WAS R REG TO VT                                 
3                COLUMNS 61   - 61                                             
4                NUMERIC                                                       
5                MD=0 OR GE 8                                                  
6                                                                              
7                  Q. 17.  (IF R DID NOT VOTE)  WERE YOU REGISTERED (ELIGIBLE)
8                  TO VOTE.                                                   
9                  ...........................................................
10                                                                            
11            82       1.  YES                                                
12           149       2.  NO                                                 
13                                                                             
14             0       8.  DK                                                 
15             9       9.  NA                                                 
16           422       0.  INAP., R VOTED                                     
                                                                            


Line 2 - VARIABLE NAME.  Note that in the codebook the variable name
         (usually a 'number') does not include the "V" prefix which is 
         used in the release SAS and SPSS data definition files
         (.sas and .sps files) for all variables including those
         which do not have 'number' names.  For example the variable
         "VERSION" in the codebook is "VVERSION" in the data definition
         files.

Line 2 - "NAME".  This is the variable label used in the SAS and SPSS
         data definition files (.sas and .sps files).  Some codebooks 
         exclude this.

Line 3 - COLUMNS.  Columns in the ASCII data file (.dat file).

Line 4 - CHARACTER OR NUMERIC.  If numeric and the variable is a decimal
         rather than integer variable, the numer of decimal places is 
         also indicated (e.g. "NUMERIC  DEC 4")

Line 5 - Values which are assigned to missing by default in the Study's
         SAS and and SPSS data definition files (.sas and .sps files).

Line 7 - Actual question text for survey variables or a description of 
         non-survey variables (for example, congressional district).
         Survey items usually include the question number (for example
         "B1a.") from the Study questionnaire; beginning in 1996 
         non-survey items also have unique item numbers (for example
         "CSheet.1").

Line 9 - A dashed or dotted line usually separates question text from
         any other documentation which follows.

Line 10- When present, annotation provided by Study staff is presented
         below the question text/description and preceding code values.

Lines 11-16
         Code values are listed with descriptive labels.  Valid codes
         (those not having 'missing' status in line 5) are presented
         first, followed by the values described in line 5.  For
         continuous variables, one line may appear providing the range
         of possible values.  A blank line usually separates the 'valid'
         and 'missing' values.

Lines 11-16
         Marginals are usually provided for discrete variables.  The
         counts may be unweighted or weighted; check the Study codebook
         introductory text to determine weight usage.

>> 1948 VARIABLE DESCRIPTION LIST


                                  CONTENTS


       VARIABLE  VARIABLE LABEL
       --------  --------------

      VERSION    NES VERSION NUMBER
      DSETNO     NES DATASET NUMBER
      480001     ICPSR ARCHIVE NUMBER
      480002     INTERVIEW NUMBER
      480003     POPULATION CLASSIFICATION

                   CODING AND INTERVIEWING INFORMATION

      480004     CODER
      480005     NUMBER OF CALLS TO RESPONDENT
      480006     RESPONDENT REMEMBER PREVIOUS INTERVIEW
      480007     INTERVIEWER INTERVIEW THIS RESPONDENT
      480008     PREVIOUS PRE-ELECTION RESPONDENT REINTERVIEWED
      480009     RESPONDENT INTERVIEW IN PRE- AND POST-ELECTION

                   POST-ELECTION QUESTIONS

      480010     RENT CONTROL KEPT OR DROPPED
      480011     GOVERNMENT CONTROL PRICES
      480012     WHAT TO DO WITH TAFT-HARTLEY ACT
      480013     PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OUTCOME SURPRISE
      480014     WHY PEOPLE VOTED FOR TRUMAN
      480015     WHY PEOPLE VOTED AGAINST TRUMAN
      480016     WHY PEOPLE VOTED FOR DEWEY
      480017     WHY PEOPLE VOTED AGAINST DEWEY
      480018     DID RESPONDENT VOTE AND FOR WHOM
      480019     WHEN DECIDE FOR WHOM TO VOTE
      480020     CONSIDER VOTE FOR SOMEONE ELSE
      480021     XWHY DID NOT VOTE FOR HIM
      480022     WHY VOTE THE WAY YOU DID
      480023     VOTED STRAIGHT TICKET
      480024     RESPONDENT NOT VOTE--IF VOTE, FOR WHOM
      480025     RESPONDENT NOT VOTE--WHY DID NOT VOTE
      480026     RESPONDENT NOT VOTE--WAS RESPONDENT REGISTERED
                 TO VOTE
      480027     VOTED IN PREVIOUS PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
      480028     VOTED FOR WHOM IN 1944
      480029     OCCUPATION OF HEAD
      480030     HEAD BELONG TO LABOR UNION
      480031     GROUPS IDENTIFIED WITH TRUMAN
      480032     GROUPS IDENTIFIED WITH DEWEY
      480033     ISSUES CONNECTED WITH TRUMAN
      480034     ISSUES CONNECTED WITH DEWEY
      480035     PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES OF TRUMAN
      480036     PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES OF DEWEY
      480037     CAMPAIGN INCIDENTS MENTIONED

                   PRE-ELECTION QUESTIONS

      480038     41-PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION PLAN TO VOTE
      480039     41-PLAN TO VOTE REPUBLICAN OR DEMOCRAT
      480040     41-UNITED STATES CONCERN WITH OTHERS
      480041     41-SATISFIED WITH UNITED STATES TOWARD RUSSIA
      480042     41-INFORMATION LEVEL
      480043     41-UNITED STATES GIVE IN AGREEMENT WITH RUSSIA
      480044     41-UNITED STATES-RUSSIA AGREEMENT THROUGH UNITED
                 NATIONS

                   PERSONAL DATA

      480045     SEX OF RESPONDENT
      480046     RACE OF RESPONDENT
      480047     AGE OF RESPONDENT
      480048     EDUCATION OF RESPONDENT
      480049     TOTAL 1948 INCOME
      480050     RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE

