Version 01 Codebook
-------------------
CODEBOOK INTRODUCTION FILE
1995 PILOT STUDY
(1995.PN)











                   AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES



                           1995 PILOT STUDY







             


                               CODEBOOK












                     Center for Political Studies
                     Institute for Social Research
                      The University of Michigan







                      ICPSR ARCHIVE NUMBER 6636

                            Table of Contents


           Note: >>sections in the codebook introduction and
           codebook appendix can be navigated in the
           machine-readable files by searching ">>".



INTRODUCTORY MATERIALS   (file intpil95.cbk)
----------------------
>> GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1995
>> 1995 PILOT STUDY DESCRIPTION
>> CODEBOOK INFORMATION



CODEBOOK
--------
      1995 variables
      1994 variables



APPENDICES   (file apppil95.cbk)
----------
>> 1995 LIST OF SENATORS BY STATE
>> 1994 ENHANCED DATA VARIABLES STUDY DESIGNS
>> 1994 STUDY DESIGN, CONTENT AND ADMINISTRATION 
>> 1994 SURVEY FORMS:  DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
>> 1994 OPEN-ENDED MATERIALS
>> 1993 STUDY DESCRIPTION
                 1993 Survey Content and Objectives
                 1993 Study Characteristics and Administration
>> 1993 SAMPLE DESIGN: TECHNICAL MEMORANDA
>> WEIGHTED ANALYSIS OF 1994 NES DATA
>> 1994 PROCEDURES FOR SAMPLING ERROR ESTIMATION
>> 1994 APPROXIMATE STANDARD ERRORS FOR PERCENTAGES
>> SAMPLE DESIGN OF THE 1992 PRE- AND POST-ELECTION STUDY
>> WEIGHTED ANALYSIS OF 1992 NES DATA
>> COMPARING THE 1992 NES TO PREVIOUS NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES
>> SAMPLING ERRORS OF 1992 NES ESTIMATES
>> NES TECHNICAL REPORTS AND OTHER OCCASIONAL PAPERS, 1994
>> NES PILOT STUDY REPORTS, 1991 and 1993

MASTER CODES
------------
>> 1994 CAMPAIGN ISSUES MASTER CODE
>> 1994 CAMPAIGN POLITICAL ADVERTISMENTS
>> 1994 CANDIDATE NUMBER MASTER CODE
>> 1994 BALLOT CARDS AND CANDIDATE LISTS
>> 1992 CANDIDATE LISTS AND BALLOT CARDS
>> 1994 CANDIDATE SUPPORT CODE
>> 1990 CENSUS DEFINITIONS
>> 1980 CENSUS OCCUPATION CODE
>> 1980 CENSUS INDUSTRY CODE
>> 1994 SPECIFIC DOMESTIC POLICIES OPPOSED BY LIBERAL/CONSERVATIVE
>> 1994 PARTY-CANDIDATE MASTER CODES
>> 1994 PARTY DIFFERENCES MASTER CODE
>> PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY BALLOT CARDS BY STATE, 1992
>> 1994 TYPE OF RACE
>> 1994 CITY MASTER CODE



>> GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1995

     The American National Election studies are conducted by the Center for
Political Studies of the Institute for Social Research, under the general
direction of Principal Investigator Steven J. Rosenstone and co-Principal
Investigators Warren E. Miller and Donald R. Kinder.  Santa Traugott is the
Director of Studies for the National Election Study.

     The 1994 Post-Election Study was the twenty-third in the series of
studies of American national elections produced by the Political Behavior
Program of the Survey Research Center and the Center for Political Studies.
Since 1978 these studies have been conducted under the auspices of National
Science Foundation Grants (SOC77-08885,SES 8341310,SES-8808361 and
SBR-9317631).  The election studies are designed by a National Board of
Overseers, the members  of which meet several times a year to plan content and
administration of the studies.

     A number of Pilot Studies have been conducted by the NES for the purpose
of developing new instrumentation.  The 1995 Pilot Study is part of this
series,  which also includes studies conducted in 1979, 1983, 1985, 1987,
1989, 1991 and  1993.  Like the traditional time-series studies, the Pilot
Studies are  ultimately designed by the Board of Overseers, with assistance
from the  scholarly community in the form of planning committees.  Like all of
its  predecessors (except the 1979 Pilot Study) the 1995 Study respondents are
a  subset of the previous year's traditional time-series respondents.

     Members of the NES Board of Overseers during the planning fo the 1995
Pilot  Study included Prof. David Leege (Chair), Notre Dame University; Prof.
Larry  Bartels, Princeton University; Prof. Charles Franklin, University of
Wisconsin  at Madison; Prof. Virginia Sapiro, University of Wisconsin at
Madison; Prof. W.  Phillips Shively, University of Minnesota; Prof. Laura
Stoker, University of California at Berkeley; and Prof. John Zaller,
University of California at Los  Angeles.

     Larry Bartels chaired the 1995 Pilot Study Planning Committe, which
included Steven Rosenstone and Warren Miller, as well as Charles Franklin
and John Zaller from the Board. They were joined by Prof. Ann Crigler,
University of Southern California; Prof. John Mark Hansen, The University
of Chicago; Prof. George Marcus, Williams College; Prof. George Rabinowitz,
University of North Carolina; and Prof. Wendy Rahn, University of Wisconsin.

     The Pilot Study Committee benefited from a very lively E-MAIL discussion
of proposed media content. Participants in the conference included, from the
Pilot Committee, Bartels, Zaller, Rosenstone, Traugott, Crigler.  Others:
Professor Steve Chaffee, Stanford University; Prof. Marion Just, Wellesley
College, Mr. Erik Bucy, and Prof. John Newhagen, University of Maryland;
Prof. Joseph Cappella, University of Pennsylvania; Prof. Vincent Price,
University of Michigan; and Prof. Barry Hollander, University of Georgia.





>> 1995 PILOT STUDY DESCRIPTION


STUDY DESIGN
     
     The 1995 Pilot Study was conducted between August 3 and September 10th, 
1995.  The study is a one-wave reinterview of a randomly selected subset of 
respondents with telephones from the fresh cross section portion of the 1994 
Post-Election Study.  1994 "panel" respondents who had been interviewed in 
1992 were not eligible for reinterview in the 1995 Pilot Study.  The randomly 
selected sample consisted of 704 respondents from 1994; 486 of these 
respondentsagreed to be interviewed in 1995.

     The response rate is thus .69 (486/704). The number of refusals was 95.  
The remainder of the non-interviews are persons with whom contact was lost, or 
who were unavailable during the study period, for such reasons as illness or 
absence from home.

     The study mode was Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing, or CATI.  
The average interview length was 44.8 mintues.


STUDY CONTENT

     The content of the study reflects the NES committment to improve measures 
of candidate evaluation, the impact of the campaign, values and
predispositions, 
the comparative study of elections, and other responses to a stimulus letter 
calling for ideas for content sent to the user community on November 4, 1994.

     Specific topic areas in the study include:

        an experiment between different measures of affective reactions to
        political figures

        a module of items that are being concurrently tested in many other
        nations as part of a comparative study of politics

        a set of 12 items asking respondents to make tradeoffs between
        programs, taxes and the budget deficit

        a set of items designed to measure attitudes toward the environment
        and environmental policy

        a new measure of "humanitarianism"

        an extensive set of items re attention to the media, intended to
        capture exposure to the political campaigns.

     In order to include all of the content, and also in order to test between
competing instrumentation, there were two forms of the questionnaire. 

     Rosters of items, such as the thermometer, were randomized in
administration, to minimize order effects.


DATA DOCUMENTATION

     Because the 486 Pilot Study respondents had also been interviewed in 1994
Post Election Study, their data from that study has been merged onto the
datafile.  There are 486 cases in the dataset (in other words, 1994
respondents who were not reinterviewed in 1995 are not included in the
dataset).


>> CODEBOOK INFORMATION

The following example from the 1948 NES study provides the standard 
format for codebook variable documentation. 

Note that NES studies which are not part of the Time-Series usually
omit marginals and the descriptive content in lines 2-5 (except for
variable name).


Line

1  ==============================                                              
2  VAR 480026    NAME-R NOT VT-WAS R REG TO VT                                 
3                COLUMNS 61   - 61                                             
4                NUMERIC                                                       
5                MD=0 OR GE 8                                                  
6                                                                              
7                  Q. 17.  (IF R DID NOT VOTE)  WERE YOU REGISTERED (ELIGIBLE)
8                  TO VOTE.                                                   
9                  ...........................................................
10                                                                            
11            82       1.  YES                                                
12           149       2.  NO                                                 
13                                                                             
14             0       8.  DK                                                 
15             9       9.  NA                                                 
16           422       0.  INAP., R VOTED                                     
                                                                            


Line 2 - VARIABLE NAME.  Note that in the codebook the variable name
         (usually a 'number') does not include the "V" prefix which is 
         used in the release SAS and SPSS data definition files
         (.sas and .sps files) for all variables including those
         which do not have 'number' names.  For example the variable
         "VERSION" in the codebook is "VVERSION" in the data definition
         files.

Line 2 - "NAME".  This is the variable label used in the SAS and SPSS
         data definition files (.sas and .sps files).  Some codebooks 
         exclude this.

Line 3 - COLUMNS.  Columns in the ASCII data file (.dat file).

Line 4 - CHARACTER OR NUMERIC.  If numeric and the variable is a decimal
         rather than integer variable, the numer of decimal places is 
         also indicated (e.g. "NUMERIC  DEC 4")

Line 5 - Values which are assigned to missing by default in the Study's
         SAS and and SPSS data definition files (.sas and .sps files).

Line 7 - Actual question text for survey variables or a description of 
         non-survey variables (for example, congressional district).
         Survey items usually include the question number (for example
         "B1a.") from the Study questionnaire; beginning in 1996 
         non-survey items also have unique item numbers (for example
         "CSheet.1").

Line 9 - A dashed or dotted line usually separates question text from
         any other documentation which follows.

Line 10- When present, annotation provided by Study staff is presented
         below the question text/description and preceding code values.

Lines 11-16
         Code values are listed with descriptive labels.  Valid codes
         (those not having 'missing' status in line 5) are presented
         first, followed by the values described in line 5.  For
         continuous variables, one line may appear providing the range
         of possible values.  A blank line usually separates the 'valid'
         and 'missing' values.

Lines 11-16
         Marginals are usually provided for discrete variables.  The
         counts may be unweighted or weighted; check the Study codebook
         introductory text to determine weight usage.
