CODEBOOK APPENDIX FILE
1982 MERGED METHODS FILE





USER NOTE:
This file has been converted to electronic format via OCR scanning. 
As as result, the user is advised that some errors in character 
recognition may have resulted within the text.



>> ABOUT THE EXPRESSIONS IN THE 1982 QUESTIONNAIRE (NAME Y X, Y. OR Z)

The 1982 tIME sERIES questionnaire made provisions to have interviewers
fill in district/state candidate names in blank slots like the one depicted
above.  A comprehensive list of HOUSE, SENATE and GOVERNOR candidate and 
incumbent names was prepared for each of the 173 districts in
the sample and the interviewers used the lists to pre-edit names where
appropriate depending on the district of interview. These candidate lists 
are reproduced in the green pages section of this documentation.

The (NAME #) expression will generally list more than one candidate number. 
For any given district, however, one of two possibilities will hold: 1) there 
will be one and only one name in the district candidate list qualifying for 
inclusion on the basis of the numbers listed in the expression; or 2) there 
will be no number in the district candidate list matching any of the
numbers in the expression. An instance of no matching numbers arises for a
question about the candidate challenging a district incumbent when, in fact, 
the incumbent is running unopposed. Interviewers were instructed to mark "NO 
INFO" those questions involving unmatched candidate numbers in the (NAME #) 
expression.

In the candidate list, each candidate or incumbent is assigned a number or
code. Numbers beginning with 1 (11-19) are for the Senate, numbers beginning 
with 3 (31-39) are for the House of Representatives, and numbers beginning 
with 5 (51-58) are for governors. In addition, the code or number assigned to 
a name has an intrinsic meaning--it denotes the functional role of that    
person in the context of the 1982 general elections. For example, candidate
number 33 is used for a Democratic House incumbent seeking re-election and 
playing, therefore, the dual role of House incumbent and Democratic candidate 
for the House of Representatives in the 1982 elections. The precise meaning of 
each candidate number used in the study is given below. Needless to say, you
will need to understand the scheme that was used in order to work effectively
with the questions involving (NAME #) expressions. 

Virtually all states redefined congressional district boundaries
(redistricted) during 1981 or 1982 in accordance with new 1980 Census
population estimates.  In the candidate list, the term 'incumbent' denotes a
House candidate  who was a member of Congress prior to the 1982 general
elections. Unlike 1978 and 1980, the incumbent's district in 1982 may consist
of a fairly different geographic area than the area covered by the district
prior to the boundary changes; therefore, although the 'incumbent' House
candidate served  in Congress as of the 1982 elections, depending on changes
in district  boundaries, he or she may or may not have been the survey 
respondent's district incumbent before 1982.


>> 1982 FEELING THERMOMETER (C5)

      1. RE: Massachusetts:  Edward Kennedy's name is referenced twice in the
feeling thermometer for respondents in Massachusetts. Respondents in this 
state were asked to rate Kennedy only once, at the first location (CAC). The 
response was then post-edited into the second reference (C5e).

      2. RE: Liberal, Conservative, and Independent Candidates The
Congressional districts listed below had an independent or minor party 
candidate running in 1982, in addition to a Democratic and/or Republican 
candidate.

These third party candidates were included in the description of the 
Congressional races. The Type of House Race (V10) was coded 13, 19, 23, 29, 
49, 56, 57 or 59, as appropriate.

                 CA 43         NY 10
                 GA 05         NY 11          NY 16         NY 27
                 NY 03         NY 12          NY 18         NY 28
                 NY 04         NY 14          NY 20         PA 02
                 NY 06         NY 15          NY 25         UT 03

The minor party candidates were referenced in the following questions
only:

                 C5p           J4g            J7g
                 Jlm           J5g            L4
                 J3g           J6g

3. RE: New York Congressional Districts:  Liberal and Conservative candidates 
running in New York have been included in all New York districts. In  cases 
where the Democratic and Republican candidates also had the support of the  
Liberal and Conservative parties, respectively, they are assigned the
candidate number appropriate for Democratic or Republican candidates, and
treated throughout the questionnaire only as Democratic or Republican
candidates.



>> 1982 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA INTERVIEWS          

Since there were no races for the U.S. Senate or the U.S. House of
Representatives in the District of Columbia, certain questions in the
interview schedule were inappropriate for respondents living in that area.
Interviewers in the District of Columbia were instructed to omit questions
about the House and Senate races. The list of questions omitted for DC
respondents includes:

                 C2, C2a, C2b            J5e-J5g
                 C4, C4a, C4b            J6e-J6g
                 C5e-C5p                 J7e-J7g
                 E1-E44                  K2,K2a, KlOa
                 F8, F8a                 L4, L4a
                 Jlc-Jlm                 L6, L6a
                 J3e-J3g                 L8, L8a
                 J4e-J4g

Several checkpoint questions were also inappropriate for District of Columbia
interviews and were coded as follows:

           C3, E5, E8, F7, L5, L7 = 9  K10 = 2



>> 1982 VOTE QUESTIONS (SECTION L)

According to Louisiana election laws any candidate receiving over fifty per
cent of the primary vote is elected to office and does not appear on the
ballot in the November general election. In both Congressional Districts, 05
and  07, the candidates were so elected. These races were coded 14,
identifying them as districts with incumbents running unopposed (see V.10).
The candidate number assigned was 33 - Democratic Incumbent (see Note A).

The vote section, Q L4-L8, was omitted for these districts. Respondents 
were asked L1-L3 and L9 since they did have the opportunity to vote on other
state matters in November. Alterations were also made to the question wording
in C2 and E1 (see specific questions for changes).



>> 1982 GEORGIA 04 AND 05

Congressional districts 04 and 05 in Georgia were late in finalizing a
redistricting plan and, as a result, their congressional primary was held
November 2, followed by a specialHouse election held November 30. Interviewing
in Georgia 04 and 05 was delayed until December 1, after the special House
election. Residents of these two Georgia districts did go to the polls
November 2 to vote for all other offices and issues on Georgia's 1982 ballot.

To ascertain the voting behavior of respondents in GA04 and 05, question L1 
was administered, and if the respondent reported not voting November 2, he/she
was asked an additional question about whether they voted in the special
November 30th election. (See L1 for question text.) This additional question
was not coded separately, but respondents who reported voting in the special
House election were recoded to a "1. Yes, did vote" answer in L1. Thus, L1
captures respondent turnout in either the November 2 or the November 30
election for GA04 and GADS respondents.



>> 1982 UNOPPOSED RACES

In the congressional districts listed below, only one major party candidate
ran. (Some of these districts may have had minor party opposition.)
 
                  AL03                MA03           NY18
                  CA25                MI01           OH03
                  FL10                MI14           PA02
                  FL17                MS03           TX17
                  OA02                NC10           TX22
                  IL01                NE03           UT03
                  IL08                NJ13           WI09
                  KY01                NY06
                  MA01                NY16
                  
                  *LA0S (See Note D)
                  *LA07

>> 1982 CANDIDATE NUMBER MASTER CODE 10/82
        (Revised for 1982 redistricting)


    For States With No                             For States With Running
    Incumbent Senator Running                      Incumbent Senator

    11. Democratic Candidate                       13.  Democratic Incumbent
    12. Republican Candidate                       14.  Republican Incumbent
                                                   15.  Democratic Candidate 
                                                   16.  Republican Candidate
    19. Other Senate Incumbent                     19.  Other Senate Incumbent
        whose term is not up                            whose term is not up
    20. Independent Candidate                      20.  Independent Candidate


   For States With No Senate Race
    17. (1st) Incumbent
    18. (2nd) Incumbent
                        
   For Districts With No                          For Districts With Running
   Incumbent Representative Running               Incumbent Representative(s)

    31. Democratic Candidate                       33. Democratic Incumbent
    32. Republican Candidate                       34. Republican Incumbent
                                                    35. Democratic Candidate   

                                                   36. Republican Candidate
                                                   37. Liberal or Conservative
                                                       Candidate
    39. Independent Candidate                      39. Independent Candidate

    For States With No                            For States With Running
    Incumbent Governor Running                    Incumbent Governor

    51. Democratic Candidate                      53.  Democratic Incumbent
    52. Republican Candidate                      54.  Republican Incumbent
                                                  55.  Democratic Candidate
                                                  56.  Republican Candidate
    58. Independent Candidate                     58.  Independent Candidate
           
    For States With No Governor Race

    59. Incumbent Governor



Used in the Vote Section (L) only for respondents who voted outside of
district/state of interview.

For States/Districts With                    For States/Districts With       
No Incumbents Running                        Running Incumbents

    81.  Democratic Candidate                 83. Democratic Incumbent
    82.  Republican Candidate                 84. Republican Incumbent
                                               85. Democratic Candidate        

                                              86. Republican Candidate
                                              87. Liberal or Conservative 
                                                  Candidate
    89.  Independent Candidate                89. Independent Candidate
    91.  Democrat - No Name Given             91. Democrat - No Name Given
    92.  Republican - No Name Given           92.  Republican - No Name Given






>> 1982 CANDIDATE MASTER CODE


    PARTY ONLY -- PEOPLE WITHIN PARTY
                                   
          0001 Johnson
          0002 Kennedy, John; JFK
          0003 Kennedy, Robert; RFK
          0004 Kennedy, Edward "Ted"
          0005 Kennedy, NA which
          0006 Truman
          0007 Roosevelt; "FDR"
          0008 McGovern
          0009 Carter
          0010 Mondale
          0011 McCarthy, Eugene
          0012 Humphrey
          0013 Muskie
          0015 Wallace
          0031 Eisenhower; Ike
          0032 Nixon
          0034 Rockefeller
          0035 Reagan
          0036 Ford
          0037
          0038 Connally
          0039 Kissinger
          0040 McCarthy, Joseph
          0051 Other national party figures (Senators, Congressmen, etc.)
          0052 Local party figures (city, state, etc.)
          0053 Good/Young/Experienced leaders; like whole ticket
          0054 Bad/Old/Inexperienced leaders; dislike whole ticket
          0097 Other people - within - party reasons


                     PARTY ONLY -- PARTY CHARACTERISTICS

    0101  Traditional Democratic voter: always been a Democrat; Just a
          Democrat; never been a Republican; just couldn't vote Republican
    0102  Traditional Republican voter; always been a Republican; just a
          Republican; never been a Democrat; just couldn't vote Democratic
    0111  Positive. personal. affective terms applied to party ~ good/nice
          people, etc.
    0112  Negative, personal, affective terms applied to party -- bad/lazy
          people, etc.
    0121  Can trust them; they keep their promises; you know where they
          stand
    0122  Can't trust them; they break their promises; you don't know where
          they stand
    0131  Party is well-organized, sticks together, is united; members are
          disciplined; votes party line
    0132  Party is poorly-organized/really two
          parties/divided/factionalized; members not disciplined; doesn't
            
          vote party line
    0133  Party is (more) representative/good cross-section of the country;
          encompasses a wider variety of views/people; is more at the center
          of the country's views
    0134  Party is (less) representative/bad cross-section of the country;
          encompasses more restricted views; is less at the center of the 
          country's views
    0141  Reference to party's most recent National Convention; party's
          process/method of selecting presidential/vice-presidential 
          candidates
    0151  Performance of local branch of party; how they've done in this
          state/county/town
    0161  Reference to the predominant faction that R sees as being in
          control of the party (NA which faction); "I don't like the people 
          running it"
    0162  Reference to Northerners/Liberals (as in control) of Democratic
          Party
    0163  Reference to Southerners/Conservatives (as in control) of
          Democratic Party
    0164  Reference to Easterners/Liberals/Moderates (as in control) of
          Republican Party
    0165  Reference to Midwesterners/Westerners/Southerners/Conservatives
          (as in control) of Republican Party
    0167  Can't win; doesn't have a chance
    0168  Can win; party can't be beat
    0169  Too big a party; there are too many of them; party is too powerful
    0170  Too small a party; there are not enough of them; party is too weak
    0171  Listens (more) to people; takes (more) into consideration the
          needs and wants of people; understands (better) the people/the 
          majority of the people
    0172  Doesn't listen to/understand the needs and wants of the people/the 
          majority of the people
    0173  Campaign tactics, uses too much money in campaigns, slings mud
    0197  Other party-characteristic reasons
          
          CANDIDATE ONLY -- EXPERIENCE, ABILITY

    0201  General reference to him as "a good/bad man or a good/bad guy"; R 
          has heard good/bad things about him; qualifications; general 
          ability; reference to his  "personality"
    0211  Experienced (NA what kind) (see 0217, 0218 0220 for
          specific kinds of experience; if in foreign policy see 1100's)
    0212  Inexperienced
    0213  Dependable/Trustworthy/Reliable; a man you can trust with the
          responsibilities of government ("trust" in the capability sense;
          rather than the honesty sense)
    0214  Undependable/Untrustworthy/Unreliable; a man you can't trust with
          the responsibilities of government
    0215  A military man; a good military/war record
    0216  Not a military man; bad military/war record; no military/war
          record
    0217  His record in public service; how well he's performed in previous
          offices; voting record in Congress
    0218  Has government experience/political
          experience/seniority/incumbency
    0219  Lacks government experience/political experience
    0220  A statesman; has diplomatic experience
    0221  Not a statesman; lacks diplomatic experience
    0222  "He has done a good job so far"; He has brought us through hard
          times"; has gotten things done; has some good ideas; trying to do 
          right things
    0223  Hasn't done anything; hasn't produced any results (general); has
          not been able to get programs off the ground
    0224  Has fulfilled/kept (campaign) promises
    0225  Has not fulfilled/kept (campaign) promises
    0297  Other candidate experience/ability reasons 


            CANDIDATE ONLY -- CANDIDATE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES
            
    0301    Dignified/has dignity
    0302    Undignified/lacks dignity
    0303    Strong/decisive/self-confident/aggressive; will end all this
            indecision
    0304    Weak/indecisive lacks self-confidence/vacillating
    0305    Inspiring; a man you can follow; "a leader"
    0306    Uninspiring; not a man you can follow; not a leader
    0307    People have confidence in him
    0308    People don't have confidence in him
    0309    Good at communicating with blacks, young people, other "problem"
            groups
    0310    Bad at communicating with blacks, young people, other "problem"
            groups (if communicate in general - see 0441, 0442)
    0311    Knows how to handle people (at personal level)
    0312    Doesn't know how to handle people (at personal level)
    0313    A politician/political person; (too) much in politics; a good
            politician; part of Washington crowd; politically motivated; just 
            wants to be reelected
    0314    Not a Politician; not in politics; above politics; a bad
            politician
    0315    Independent; no one runs him; his own boss
    0316    Not independent; run by others; not his own man/boss
    0317    Humble; knows his limitations; doesn't pretend to know all the
            answers
    0318    Not humble enough; too cocky/self-confident
    0319    (Too) Careful/Cautious/Good judgment
    0320    (Too) Impulsive/Careless/Bad/Poor judgment
    0321    Helps People in the district on a personal level; has helped R
            personally with a problem (specific mention); tries to do things
            for the people
    0322    Doesn't help people in the district on a personal level; was not
            helpful to R with a personal problem (specific mention) .
    0323    Represents (well) the views of the district; close to people in
            the district; comes home regularly to chat and mix with people
    0324    Does not represent (well) the views of the district; not close to
            the people in the district; doesn't interact enough with the
            people
    0325    Keeps people well informed about governmental matters;
            communicates with constituents; any mention of R receiving 
            newsletters or communications
            from him/her; explains well matters so people can understand
    0326    Does not inform people enough about governmental matters; does not
            send enough newsletters or communications; doesn't explain well
            matters
    0327    Listens to the people/solicits public opinion; any mention of
            polls or questionnaires; is accessible to constituents (NFS)
    0328    Doesn't listen to the people/does not solicit public opinion;
            isn't accessible to constituents (NFS)
    0329    Has helped local (district) economy; brought money, projects, job
            to district
    0330    Has not helped local (district) economy; not brought money,
            projects, job to district
    0331    Candidate helps the district; watches out for the interests of the
            district or region in general
    0332    Candidate has not protected/watched out for the interests of the
            district (specific mentions)
    0397    Other candidate leadership reasons

                  CANDIDATE ONLY -- PERSONAL QUALITIES

    0401    Honest/Sincere; keeps promises; man of integrity; means what he
            says; fair; not tricky; open and candid; straightforward;
            positive Playboy references -
    0402    Dishonest/Insincere; breaks promises; no integrity; doesn't mean
            what he says; tricky; not open and candid, not straightforward
    0403    Man of high principles/ideals; high moral purpose; idealistic (if
            too idealistic, code 0416)
    0404    Lacks principles/ideals
    0405    Racist/Bigoted/Prejudiced
    0406    Not a racist/bigoted/prejudiced
    0407    Public servant; man of duty; conscientious; hard-working; would be
            full-time President; good attendance record in Congress;
            dedicated; genuinely interested in serving people
    0408    Does not take Public service seriously; lazy; would be a part-time
            President; poor attendance record in office; not dedicated; not
            really interested in serving people
    0409    Doesn't use office for personal benefit; not in office to maximize
            personal benefit
    0410    Uses/in office (mostly) for personal benefits (junket trips, big
            salary, other perks)
    0411    Patriotic
    0412    Unpatriotic
    0413    Understands the nation's/district's problems; well-informed;
            studies up on issues
    0414    Doesn't understand the nation's/district's problems; poorly
            informed; doesn't study up on issues
    0415    Realistic
    0416    Unrealistic; too idealistic; (if "idealistic" in positive sense,
            code 0403)
    0417    Uses common sense; makes a lot of sense;
            pragmatic/practical/down-to-earth
    0418    Not sensible; impractical
    0419    (Too) Well educated; scholarly
    0420    Poorly educated; unschooled
    0421    Intelligent/Smart
    0422    Unintelligent/Stupid/Dumb

     0423   Religious; "moral" (in religious sense); God-fearing; "too"
            religious
     0424   Irreligious; "immoral" (in religious sense); Playboy interview
            (reflects on Carter)
     0425   Self-made; not well off; started out as poor; worked his way up;
            (started out) unpolished/unrefined/rough
     0426   Wealthy rich; born with silver spoon in mouth;
            polished/refined/well mannered
     0427   Old hat; has run before; a die-hard; "a loser" (in the past)
     0428   Someone new; a fresh face
     0429   Don't change horses in midstream
     0430   Time for a change
     0431   Unsafe/Unstable; dictatorial; craves power; ruthless
     0432   Safe/Stable
     0433   Sense of humor; jokes a lot (too much)
     0434   No sense of humor; humorless (too serious)
     0435   Kind/Warm/Gentle
     0436   Cold/Aloof
     0437   Likeable, gets along with people, friendly, outgoing 
     0438   Not likeable, can't get along with people
     0439   Democratic (in non-partisan sense)
     0440   Undemocratic (in non-partisan sense)
     0441   High-fallutin'/High-brow; talks in circles, can't talk to common
            man; can't communicate ideas well
     0442   Not high-fallutin'/is low-brow; talks straight; can talk to
            common man; can communicate ideas well
     0443   Well-known; "I know him/her"
     0444   Unknown/Not well known
     0445   Reference to his family (not 0457) (including "Billygate")
     0446   Reference to his w /spouse
     0447   Speaking ability
     0448   Health
     0449   Appearance/Looks/Face/Appearance on TV; his smile
     0450   Age (NA how perceived)
     0451   (Too) Old
     0452   (Too) Young
     0453   Mature
     0454   Immature
     0455   Regional reference; "he's a Southerner"; "he's a Midwesterner";
            he comes from the country/a rural area; area reference
     0456   Previous occupation; "Carter's a farmer"
     0457   He's a family man
     0459   Energetic; too energetic
     0460   Not energetic
     0461   Gender, e.g., "She's a woman"
     0462   Racial/Ethnic attribute; "He is a black man"
     0495   Other negative personal qualities
     0496   Other positive personal qualities
     0497   Other candidate personal qualities
     0498   References to Playboy interview - NA direction or neutral; "it's
            OK," "that is what the Bible says" (not 0401)

                       CANDIDATE ONLY -- PARTY CONNECTIONS

     0500    A Democrat; good Democrat; typical Democrat
     0501    A Republican; good Republican; typical Republican
     0502    Controlled by party regulars/bosses, machine 
     0503    Not controlled by party regulars/bosses 
     0504    Reference to men around him/staff/followers
     0505    Reference to his speeches (except 0447), campaign tactics;
             mud-slinging
     0506    Can win; best choice for party victory
     0507    Cannot win; not good choice for party victory
     0508    Reference to linkage with other party figures (he's close to the
             Kennedys, he was close to Eisenhower, etc.)
     0509    Would continue/keep/follow Democratic policies (unspecified)
     0510    Would change/get rid of "
     0511    Would continue/keep/follow Democratic domestic policies
             (unspecified, not codeable in 0900's)
     0512    Would change/get rid of "
     0513    Would continue/keep/follow Democratic foreign Policies
             (unspecified, not codeable in 1000's)
     0514    Would change/get rid of "
     0515    Would continue/keep/follow Republican Policies (unspecified)
     0516    Would change/get rid of "
     0517    Would continue/keep/follow Republic domestic Policies
             (unspecified, not codeable in 0900's)
     0518    Would change/get rid of "
     0519    Would continue/keep/follow Republican foreign policies
             (unspecified, not codeable in 1000's)
     0520    Would change/get rid of "
     0531    More liberal than most Democrats; a Northern Democrat
     0532    More conservative " ; a Southern Democrat
     0533    More liberal than most Republicans; an Eastern Republican
     0534    More conservative " ; a Midwestern/Western/Southern Republican
     0535    Will bring in/listen to the (party) liberals
     0536    Will bring in/listen to the (party) conservatives
     0541    Reference to the Eagleton affair
     0542    Reference to vice-presidential incumbent/candidate, running mate
             (pre. 1980; reference to Agnew)
     0551    References to link with "Watergate" -- positive reference to
             Watergate 
     0552    Not associated with "Watergate" -- negative reference to
             Watergate; making too much out of Watergate
     0553    Ford's pardon of Nixon -- NA direction or against pardon
     0554    " -- pro; brave/right thing to do
     0555    Positive references about Anderson's independent candidacy; maybe
             the country needs a third party, third parties should have more
             recognition; the two party system needs bucking
     0556    Negative references/liabilities related to Anderson's independent
             candidacy; "he's an independent" (NFS); "we don't need a third
             party"; "he lacks backing from a party" -
     0597    Other candidate party connection reasons

                 PARTY OR CANDIDATE ~ GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT

     0601    Good/Efficient/Businesslike administration; balance budget;
             lower/wouldn't increase national debt; cautious spending
     0602    Bad/Inefficient/Unbusinesslike administration; wasteful;
             "bureaucratic"; deficit budget; higher/increased national debt;
             overspend
     0603    Honest government; not corrupt; no "mess in Washington"
     0604    Dishonest/Corrupt government; "mess in Washington"; immorality in
             government; reference to Hayes, Mills; Lance
     0605    (Would) Spend less (than other side); (would) spend too little
     0606    (Would) Spend more (than other side); (would) spend too much
     0607    Has brought/Will bring about bureaucratic reform
     0608    Has not brought/Will not bring about bureaucratic reform
     0609    General assessment of fob he/they would do/are doing; is good/bad
             President; prior are providing good/bad administration
     0610    Reference to management/performance in Congress/Supreme
             Court/other government agency
     0611    He has/has not worked well with (Democratic) Congress;
             would/could have done better with (Republican) Congress; he
             kept/would keep Congress in check
     0612    He will work well/better with Democratic Congress
     0613    Gets more done/accomplishes more/more productive
     0614    Gets less done/doesn't accomplish as much/less productive
     0615    Sympathy/understanding expressed for the complexity/magnitude of
             the job (e.g. President): tough job
     0616    Sympathy/understanding expressed for the difficult situation ("a
             mess") inherited by the incumbent
     0617    Will face (difficult) issues; faces problems directly; faces up
             to political reality
     0618    Will not face (difficult) issues; will not face problems
             directly; ignores political reality
     0697    Other government management reasons

                 PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- MISCELLANEOUS

     0701   Just like him/them (NA why); like everything about him/them; "I
            was hoping he prior would win the (nomination/primaries")
     0702   Just dislike/Don't like him/them (NA why); don't like anything
            about him/them
     0703   Will save America; America needs him/them -
     0704   Will ruin America; last thing America needs
     0705   Will unite Americans/bring people together
     0706   Will divide Americans/drive people apart
     0707   Speaks of party/candidate as good protector(s); will know what to
            do; more intelligent
     0708   Speaks of party/candidate as bad protector(s); won't know what to
            do 
     0709   Good for country (unspecified); trying to do good job; trying;
            not just out for self/own best interest; has/have country's
            interests at heart
     0710   Bad for country (unspecified); don't have country's interests at
            heart; only looking out for their own interests
     0711   Lesser of two evils
     0719   Reference to Chappaquidick; Kennedy's personal problems
     0720   Reference to Watergate affair
     0721   The way the incumbent came to office; the people should select
            President
     0722   The incumbent should have a chance (on his own)/another
            chance/second chance
     0723   (I believe in/Necessary for a)two-party system; choice between
            candidates; opposition; balances power of other party
     0724   Vote for the man rather than party; look for more qualified man;
            don't pay attention to parties
     0725   The opponent who the candidate ran against; the candidate was the
            better of the two in general; the candidate ran against someone I
            really dislike
     0796   References to unfair/undeserved/excessive criticism by media or
            public
     0797   Other miscellaneous reasons; other miscellaneous reasons relating 
            to image and candidate/party effect on nation
     0726   Splits votes; will elect wrong candidate, "spoiler"
     0737   Expression of sympathy/admiration for the candidate's underdog
            position; trying hard against terrible odds, courageous uphill
            battle; "I like underdogs"; "they are bucking the guy" (Keeping
            him off ballot, not taking him seriously, not giving him enough
            publicity)
     0728   Negative comments about the candidate's switching parties, being
            a turncoat, disloyal to his original party

             PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY/PHILOSOPHY
           
     0801    General assessment of ideas/policies/stands (specified)
     0802    Different from other party/candidate
     0803    Same as other party/candidate; not different enough issues (Too)
             negative; always  tearing town other site; no solutions of
             his/they're Cloned
     0805    For government activity; believe government should take care of
             things; for big government; supports social programs/spending
             (not 905-907)
     0806    Against government activity; believe government involved in too
             many things; favors reduction in social programs/spending (not
             905-907)
     0807    Humanistic; favor human beings over property rights
     0808    Not humanistic; favor property rights over human beings
     0809    Favor social change/reform/progress/improvement of social
             conditions
     0810    Against social change/reform/progress/improvement of social
             conditions
     0811    Socialistic
     0812    Anti-socialistic
     0813    Communistic/soft on Communism/apologist for Communists/dupe
     0814    (Too) anti-Communist/hard-liner on Communism
     0815    (Too) liberal (except 0531 or 0533)
     0816    (Too) conservative (except 0532 or 0534)
     0817    Moderate/middle of the road/for slow change; not an
             extremist/fanatic
     0818    Extremist/fanatic/too far out; not too moderate/not a
             fence-sitter
     0819    Pro Far Right/Birchers/reactionaries; encouraging fascist/police
             state
     0820    Anti "  "  "  ; discouraging
     0821    Pro Far Left/radials/Yippies/SDS; encouraging anarchy/guerilla
             state
     0822    Anti " " " " " ; discouraging
     0823    Pro Extremists (NA direction)/nuts/bomb-throwers
     0824    Anti " " " "   "
     0827    Pro States'/local/Community Rights; better local government
     0828    Anti " " ; worse/weaker local government
     0829    For equality; believe everyone should have things equally/be
             treated equally
     0830    Anti-equality; believe some people should have more than
             others/people should not be treated equally
     0831    Generous, compassionate, believe in helping others
     0832    Selfish, only help themselves
     0833    Acceptance of change/new ideas; less bound to status quo, more
             open to new ideas/ways of doing things; flexible, innovative
     0834    Resistance to change/new ideas; stick to (protect) status quo,
             resist new - ways of doing things; rigid
     0835    Has a well-defined set of beliefs/definite philosophy; does not
             compromise on principles; has (clear) understanding of goals they
             stand for
     0836    Has poorly defined set of beliefs; lacks a definite philosophy;
             compromise on principles; has no (clear) understanding of goals
             they stand for
     0837    Favors work ethic; believes in self-reliance/in people working
             hard to get ahead
     0838    Doesn't favor work ethic; believes in people being handed
             things/in government, handouts (If specific policy mentioned,
             code in 900's)
     0841    Keep track of/control over administration heads, cabinet members,
             etc.; follow through on policies; determine if programs are
             working 0842 Don't (as in 0841)
     0843    Conditional evaluation: R suggests candidate/party cannot solve
             problems because not under his/their control (no negative
             connotations); will he/they
             be able to do what they say (determining factor outside his/their
             control); "I like what he says but wonder if he can do it" (if 
             clearly negative, code in 0122 or 0402)
     0845    Will involve/wants to involve people in government/decision
             making; will involve/wants to involve
             Congress/cabinet/advisors/other government officials
     0846    Will not involve people/congress/cabinet/advisors/other
             government officials in government/decision making
     0847    Separation of church and state/religion and politics--pro
     0848    Separation of church and state/religion and politics--anti
     0897    Other Government Activity/Philosophy Reasons



                  PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- DOMESTIC POLICIES

     0900    General assessment of domestic ideas/policies/stands
             (unspecified)
     0901    "   of economic policy (unspecified)
     0902    Government Economic Control
     0903    " -- Pro; we need planned economy; control o
     0904    " -- anti; we have too much interference in private enterprise
     0905    Welfare/Poverty problems -- NA direction; give-aways
     0906    " -- pro government aid/activity
     0907    " -- anti government aid/activity; anti give-aways; pro self-help
     0908    Social security/Pensions -- NA direction
     0909    " -- pro expansion of coverage and/or increase in benefits
     0910    " -- anti expansion of coverage and/or increase in benefits;
             favoring contraction and/or decrease
     0911    Unemployment compensation -- NA direction
     0912    " -- Pro expansion in coverage and/or increase in benefits
     0913    " -- anti expansion in coverage and/or increase in benefits;
             favoring contraction  and/or decrease
     0914    Aid to education -- NA direction
     0915    " -- pro
     0916    " -- anti
     0917    Aid to parochial schools -- NA direction
     0918    " -
     0919    " -- anti
     0920    Housing -- NA direction
     0921    " -- pro more public housing
     0922    " -- anti more public housing
     0923    Aid/Programs for older people/the aged, Medicare, Medicaid -- NA
             direction
     0924    " -- pro
     0925    " -- anti
     0926    Monetary policy
     0927    " -- pro loose(r) money; more availability of loans for housing,
             cars, etc.; lower interest rates
     0928    " -- anti loose(r) money; for tight money; less availability of
             loans; higher  interest rates
     0929    Tax policy -- NA direction
     0930    " -- pro lower taxes
     0931    " -- anti lower taxes; for higher taxes
     0932    " -- pro reform/fairer system/end of loop-holes/write-offs/dodges
     0933    " -- anti reform/fairer system/end of
             loop-holes/write-offs/dodges
     0934    "The Times"/General condition~/Prosperity/The Economy -- better
             under him/them
     0935    " -- worse  "
     0936    Inflation/Cost of living -- lower/better under him/them
     0937    " -- higher/worse
     0938    Wages/Salaries/Income/Employment -- higher better under him/them
     0940    Prices for producers -- higher/better under him/them
     0941    " -- lower/worse " (if farm, see 0943-0945)
     0942    General assessment of farm policy (unspecified)
     0943    Price supports for farmers -- NA direction
     0944    " -- pro higher levels and/or fairer system
     0945    " -- anti higher levels and/or change in system
     0946    Civil rights/Racial justice/Integration/Desegregation/Voting
             rights -- NA direction
     0947    " -- pro
     0948    " -- anti
     0949    Civil liberties/Freedom of expression/First Amendment/Privacy --
             NA direction
     0950    "   pro; against snooping. pol. trials, etc.
     0951    ' -- anti// for snooping, pol. trials; etc. McCarthyite
     0952    General assessment of labor policy (unspecified)
     0953    Right to work laws -- NA direction
     0954    " -- pro (i.e., opposes unions (anti-labor, code 1208)
     0955    " - anti (i.e., supports unions (pro-labor, code 1207)
     0956    Strikes -- NA direction
     0957    " -- will have fewer/will handle better
     0958    " -- will have more/will handle worse
     0959    Public power/Utilities/TVA/Atomic Reactors/Nuclear power
             plants/Etc.-- NA direction
     0961    " -- anti
     0962    Ecology: Air and Water Pollution -- NA direction
     0963    "-- will crack down on polluters, will be activist
     0964    " -- won't crack down on polluters; doesn't care; in league with
             polluters
     0965    Veteran's Benefits -- NA direction
     0966    " -- pro expansion of coverage and/or increase in benefits
     0967    "-- anti expansion of coverage and/or increase in benefits;
             favoring contraction 
             and/or decrease
     0968    Law and order -- NA direction
     0969     "                             -- soft line -- unspecified
     0970     "                                          -- " -- blacks
     0971     "                            -- " -- campus demonstrators
     0972     " -- " -- criminals/organized crime/hoodlums/street crime
     0973     "         -- " -- anti power of police; court interference
     0974     "                             -- hard line -- unspecified
     0975     "                                          -- " -- blacks
     0976     "                            -- " -- campus demonstrators
     0977     " -- " -- criminals/organized crime/hoodlums/street crime
     0978     " -- " -- pro power of police; reduced court interference
     0979    Public morality -- NA direction
     0980    " -- Strict/older/traditionalistic outlook; improve/renew
             morality of country
     0981    " -- permissive/newer/modernistic outlook
     0982    Drugs -- NA direction
     0983    " -- pro legalization/decriminalization; soft-liner
     0984    " -- anti legalization/decriminalization; hard-liner
     0985    Abortion and birth control -- NA direction
     0986    " -- pro reform/legalization; new outlook
     0987    " -- anti reform/legalization; traditional outlook
     0988    Gun control -- NA direction
     0989    " -- pro controls
     0990    " -- anti; "everyone has the right to own a gun"
     0991    Busing -- NA direction
     0992    " -- pro; against neighborhood school
     0993    " -- anti; for neighborhood school
     0994    Urban problem/Cities -- NA direction
     0995    " -- pro government aid/activity
     0996    " -- anti government aid/activity
     0997    Other domestic policy reasons             
     1001    National Health Insurance -- NA direction
     1002    " -- pro
     1003    " -- anti
     1004    Energy/Gas shortage -- Development of alternative energy source,
             NA direction
     1005    " -- pro development of alternative energy source, better/handled
             better; more fuel
     1006    " -- anti development of alternative energy source, worse/handled
             worse; less fuel References to nuclear energy should be coded in
             0959
     1007    Government programs to make more jobs -- NA direction; make-work
             programs; CETA; WPA: CCA 
     1008    " -- pro
     1009    " -- anti
     1010    Confidence/Trust in government -- NA direction
     1011    " -- would handle better; restore confidence
     1012    " -- would handle worse; cause loss of confidence
     1013    ERA; women's rights -- NA direction
     1014    " -- pro
     1015    " -- anti
     1016    Influx of political/economic refugees (Cubans, Haitians,
             Mexicans, etc.)--NA direction
     1017    Influx of political/economic refugees (Cubans, Haitians,
             Mexicans, etc.)--pro
     1018    "      "       "       "        --anti
     1019    School prayer -- NA  direction
     1020    " --pro
     1021    " --anti
     1022    Gay rights -- NA direction
     1023    " --pro
     1024    " --anti
     1025    Health -- NA direction 
     1026    " --pro government programs/aid for mentally ill, disabled,
             handicapped 
     1027    " --anti     "     "    "     (except 0923, 0924, 0925)

                   PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- FOREIGN POLICIES 
  
    1101    General assessment of foreign ideas/policies/stands (unspecified)
    1102    Foreign policies more clear-cut/decisive; less bungling - issues
    1103    Foreign policies less clear-cut/decisive; more bungling
    1104    Internationalist/Interested in other countries'
            problems/Interested in world
            role/Pro-UN and allies; meddling in other people 'e problems
    1105    Isolationist/America First/Fortress America/Would meddle less in
            other people's problems
    1106    strong military position/Preparedness/Weapons systems/Pentagon
            spending/Overkill
    1107    Weak military portion/Pentagon spending cutbacks/No
            overkill/Reduce armed forces
    1108    Cold-war oriented; opposes detente; international
            Communist-fighter
    1109    Against cold war/Wants thaw/Detente/Understanding with
            international communists
            (if NA whether international, code in 0813-0814)
    1110    Military aid to allies -- NA
    1111    " -- pro
    1112    " -- anti
    1113    Economic aid/Foreign aid/AID/Non-military aid -- NA direction
    1114    " -- pro
    1115    " -- 
    1118    Mideast -- _ direction; any references to oil embargo; boycott of
            companies -- dealing with Israel
    1119     "   -- handle better/more experience; positive comments about
            Arab-Israeli peace treaty
    1120    "   -- handle worse/less experience; negative comments about
            Arab-Israeli peace treaty
    1121    "   -- pro-Israel/anti-Arabs
    1122    "   -- anti-Israel/pro-Arabs; wishy-washy on Israel
    1123    Red China -- NA direction
    1124    "   -- handle better/more experience/doing well, better
    1125    "   -- handle worse/ less experience/doing poorly
    1126    "   -- pro understanding/thaw/detente/new
            relationships/recognition/ admission to UN
    1127    "   -- anti understanding/thaw/detente/new
            relationships/recognition/
            admission to UN; defender of Formosa/Chaiang Nationalists
    1128    Russia -- NA direction
    1129    " -- handle better/more experience
    1130    " -- handle worse/less experience
    1131    " -- pro understanding/thaw/detente/broadening of relations; SALT
            II
    1132    " -- anti understanding/thaw/detente/broadening of relations; SALT
            II
    1133    Eastern Europe -- NA direction
    1134    " ~ handle better/more experience
    1135    " -- handle worse /lens experience
    1136    " -- pro defense of Iron-Curtain countries
    1137    " ~ anti defense of Iron-Curtain countries
    1138    Latin America -- NA direction
    1139    -- handle better/more experience
    1140    "  handle worse /less experience
    1141    "-- pro-third-world Mature; reach understanding with Castro/Chile/
            neutrals; anti-colonialism/European power
    1142    "-- anti-third-world posture; hard
            anti-communism/anti-revolutionary
            policy; pro-colonialism/European powers
    1143    Africa -- NA direction
    1144    "   -- handle better/more experience
    1145    -- handle worse /less experience
    1146    -- pro-third-world posture; reach understanding with
            leftists/neutrals;
            anti-colonialism/European powers
    1147    -- anti-third-world posture; hard
            anti-communism/anti-revolutionary policy;
            pro-colonialism/European powers
    1148    Asia/India -- NA direction
    1149    " -- handle better/more experience
    1150    " -- handle worse /less experience
    1151    " -- pro India/Bangladesh
    1152    " -- pro Pakistan
    1157    Vietnam/Indochina/Southeast Asia -- NA direction
    1158    " -- better chance for peace
    1159    " -- poorer chance for peace; failed to end war
    1160    " -- pro military victory/preservation of Saigon regime
    1161    " -- anti military victory/willing to sacrifice Thieu/Ky favoring
            withdrawal
    1163      -- will bring Policy change (unspecified)
    1116    Trouble spats (not specifically coded)-- would handle better

(Panama)(Afghanistan)
    1117      -- would handle worse (Panama) (Afghanistan)
    1153    Would raise American Prestige
    1154    Would lower American prestige, not maintain American prestige
    1155    Would have better chance for Peace (unspecified); not get us into
            trouble abroad
    1156    Would have poorer chance for peace (unspecified); get Us into
              war/trouble abroad
    1164    Tariffs -- NA direction
    1165    "   -- pro free trade/reduced tariffs; would not protect US labor
            from foreign competition
    1166    "   -- anti free trade; for high tariffs; would protect US labor
            from foreign competition
    1167    Trade with communists ~ NA direction
    1168    " - pro
    1169    " -- anti
    1170    Draft -- NA direction
    1171    " -- pro volunteer army/abolition of peacetime draft
    1172    " -- anti volunteer army; for peacetime draft
    1173    " -- pro amnesty/pardon
    1174    " -- anti amnesty/draft dodgers/pardon
    1178    Amnesty -- NA direction
    1175    POW-MIA -- Will Bet prisoners back, will not abandon them
    1176    POW-MIA -- Will not Ret prisoners back, will abandon them
    1177    POW-MIA -- _ direction
    1179    Did a good job of getting the boys/country out of Vietnam war; got
            us out of Vietnam
    1180    Should have won Vietnam war; gave too much away and then pulled
            out
    1181    Kissinger's foreign policy; secrecy; shuttle diplomacy -- NA
            direction
    1182    " -- pro
    1183    " -- anti
    1184    Military/Defense position/spending -- NA direction or neutral(not
            1106, 1107)
    1185    Priorities in military/defense spending(not reduction or increase
            but allocation of existing defense budget--pro)
    1186    Priorities in military/defense spending;(not reduction or increase
            but allocation of existing defense budget ~ anti)
    1187    Iranian crisis; American hostages - NA direction
    1188    " " - has handled well/would handle better
    1189    " .. - has handled poorly/would handle worse
    1190    Nuclear freeze/Disarmament--NA direction
    1191    " " --pro
    1192    " " --anti
    1197    Other foreign policy reasons


                     PARTY OR CANDIDATE - GROUP CONNECTIONS


    1201    Special interests/Privileged people/Influential people -- pro
    1202    " -- anti
    1203    "People like me" -- pro  -
    1204    " -- anti } NA whether 1205, 1206
    1205    Common man/People/Little people/Working people -- pro
    1206    " -- anti
    1207    Labor/Unions/Labor bosses/Racketeers -- pro
    1208    " -- anti
    1209    Big Business/Corporate rich/The rich individuals/People with
             power/Wall Street/Industry/Upper classes -- pro
    1210    (As 1209) -- anti
    1211    Small businessman -- pro
    1212    " -- anti
    1213    White collar workers/Salaried people/Middle class -- pro
    1214    "   -- anti
    1215    Farmers/Country people -- pro
    1216    " -- anti
    1217    Blacks/Black people/Negroes -- pro
    1218    " -- anti
    1219    People on welfare/ADC mothers/"Chiselers" - pro
    1220    "-- anti
    1221    Old people/Senior citizens -- pro
    1222    " -- anti
    1223    Young people/Kids/"Freaks"/Hippies -- pro
    1224    " -- anti
    1225    Women/Feminists/Women's Liberationists -- pro
    1226    " -- anti
    1227    Veterans/Servicemen -- pro
    1228    " -- anti
    1229    Ethnic or racial group (except 1217-1218); Minority groups (NA
            composition) -- pro
    1231    Section of the country -- pro
    1232    " -- anti
    1233    Poor people/needy people -- pro
    1234    " " -- anti
    1235    Civil servants - pro
    1236    Civil servants -- anti
    1297    Other group connection reasons

                          MISSING DATA CODES
 
    9001 R has been influenced by spouse
    9002 R has been influenced by someone else
    9996 Refused to say
    9997 Other miscellaneous
    9998 DK
    9999 NA
    0000 Inap, no further mentions




>> 1982 IMPORTANT PROBLEM CODE

 SOCIAL WELFARE PROBLEMS

      001. General reference to domestic issues
      005. POPULATION; any mention of population increase; reference to
           over-population/birth control
      045. PRO-ABORTION
      046. ANTI-ABORTION
      049. Other specific references to abortion
      010. UNEMPLOYMENT; general reference to employment/unemployment;
           compensation; job retraining, etc.
      011. For increased unemployment compensation; more or better job
           retraining; aid to depressed economic areas; government creation 
           of jobs
      012. Against (increased) unemployment compensations; less job
           retraining; no government creation of jobs
      019. Other specific references to employment/unemployment (no`: 200's)
      020. EDUCATION; general reference to financial assistance for schools/
           colleges; quality of education
      021. For (increased) aid to education, financial assistance to schools
           and/or colleges; need for improved school materials; need for
           better teachers/education
      022. Against aid to education
      029. Other specific reference to education
      030. AGED/ELDERLY; general reference to aged; social security; medicate,
           medical care for the aged; administration of social security
      031. For (increased) assistance to the aged; increased social security;
           for government supported medical care for the aged, "medicate"
      032. Against (increased) assistance to the aged; against additional
           social security; anti-"medicare"
      039. Other specific references to the aged
      040. HEALTH PROBLEMS; general reference to quality of care; COST OF
           MEDICAL CARE; medical research, training of doctors and other
           health personnel; hospitals; National Health Insurance
      041. For increased (government supported) quality of care; more medical
           research and training of related personnel; for National Health
           Insurance
      042. Against (government) supported medical care, National Health
           Insurance, etc.
      043. MENTAL HEALTH care/facilities/problems - (all references)
      048. Other specific references to health problems
      050. HOUSING; general reference (not 054)
      051. For (additional) legislation/expenditure on housing (not 055)
      052. Against (additional) legislation/expenditures on housing (not 056)
      054. URBAN RENEWAL/PLANNING; general reference to ghettos, slums, urban
           blight; model cities programs; include general reference to "urban
           problems"; (mass transit code 480)
      055. For urban renewal; model cities program; rent subsidies, etc.
      056. Against urban renewal; model cities program, rent subsidies, etc.
      059. Other specific reference to housing and urban problems
      060. POVERTY; general reference to poor/underprivileged people; welfare


           programs (such as ADC), general reference anti-poverty programs
      061. For (additional) welfare assistance (for help, education/Jobs for
           the poor) (except 063)
      062. Against additional welfare assistance (except 064)
      063. For (additional) welfare assistance specifically to blacks and
           other minority groups
      064. Against (additional) welfare assistance specifically to blacks and
            other minority groups: INDIANS, MEXICAN-AMERICANS, CHICANOS,
           PUERTO RICANS etc.
      069. Other specific references to poverty
      090. SOCIAL WELFARE PROBLEMS; vague or general reference to other social
           welfare problems; (except 091 and 092) or other specific reference;
           "welfare"
      091. For general or other social welfare programs; "we need to help
            people more"
      092. Against general or other social welfare programs; "too many give
           away programs for the people who don't deserve it"

 AGRICULTURE Problems

      100. FARM ECONOMICS; general reference to payment for crops, price of
           feed, cost of farming, etc.; cattle kill
      101. Too much being Paid to farmers for crops (not 400)
      102. Too little being Paid to farmers for crops (not 400)
      103. For SUBSIDIES/crop payments/sld to farmers
      104. Against subsidies/crop payments/aid to farmers
      109. Other specific references to farm economics (including mention of
            unfavorable economic consequences to farmers from embargo of grain
           sales/shipments to Russia
      120. WORLD FOOD PROBLEMS; general reference to food shortages/
           starvation/famine (not 406,407)
      121. For (SURPLUS FOOD DISPOSAL; providing food to other countries; food
           programs)
      122. airs; shouldn't provide food to other countries; food programs
      129. Other specific references to surplus food distribution
      140. FARM LABOR SUPPLY; general reference to supply of migrant labor
      141. For increased migrant agricultural labor
      142. Against increased migrant agricultural labor
      145. Other specific reference to farm labor supplies
      147. Other (specific) reference to NON-ECONOMIC FARM PROBLEMS/PROGRAMS
            (not dealing with* economics
      148. Generally for other specific farm/agricultural
           programs/legislation/expenditures
      149. Generally against other specific farm/agricultural
           programs/legislation/expenditures

 NATURAL RESOURCES

      150. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; general reference to
           conservation, ecology; the environment in general
      151. For conservation programs; additional legislation for controlling
           pollution, water and air; in favor of legislative solutions for     
   
           environmental problems
      152. Against (additional of increased) conservation programs; against
           legislation for controlling water and air pollution; against 
           legislative of forced
           solutions for environmental problems
      153. Pollution (no specific program mentioned, not codeable in 151, 152)
      154. Disposal of radioactive west (dumps, landfills)
      159. Other specific references to conservation/natural resources (not
           160-169)
      160. DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES; general reference to harbors,
           dams canals, irrigation, flood control, navigation, reclamation;
           location, mining, stock-piling of minerals; water power, atomic
           power; development of alternative sources of energy(includes 
           mentions of solar or nuclear power)
      161. For the DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES (not 151); need to develop
           alternative sources of energy(includes mentions of solar or nuclear
           power
      162. Against (additional or increased) DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES;
           high cost of development of natural resources to the environment
           (not 152); against programs to develop alternative sources of
           energy(includes mentions of solar or nuclear power)
      169. Other specific reference to the development of natural resources
      190. Other specific reference to other natural resources problems
      191. For other specific (additional) natural resources
           programs/legislation
      192. Against other specific (additional) natural resources
           legislation/programs
          
 LABOR PROBLEMS: UNION-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS

      200. LABOR/UNION PROBLEMS; general reference to union practices
      201. Anti-Union; protection of workers from unions, right to work laws:
           democracy in unions; elimination of racketeers/communists in
           unions; financial accountability of union officials; anti-union
           legislation
      202. SUPPORT OF UNIONS; vis a vis employers; freedom to strike;
           permission for closed shop; pro-union legislation (except 204)
      203. For "United Farm Workers"; "Anti Teamsters"
      204. For protection of migrant laborers (except 141, 142)
      205. Against protection of migrant laborers (except 141, 142)
      209. Other specific reference to labor/union problems
      210. (ARBITRATION OF) LABOR MANAGEMENT DISPUTES; ger. rat reference to
           strikes/ walkouts, binding arbitration
      211. For arbitration of labor management disputes; central prevention of
           strikes/ binding arbitration
      212. Against arbitration of labor management disputes; in favor of
           strikes (as tactic)
      219. Other specific reference to (arbitration of) labor management
           disputes
      220. Anti-union; unions too powerful
      290. Other specific references to labor problems
      291. For other specific proposals/programs/legislation central to
           union management relations
      292. Against other specific proposals/programs/legislation central to
           union management relations


 RACIAL PROBLEMS 
          
      300. CIVIL RIGHTS/RACIAL PROBLEMS general or vague reference in which
           R's personal perspective is unclear; NA R's. perspective
      301. Protection (EXPANSION) OF CIVIL RIGHTS OF BLACKS; housing
           integration; fair employment practices; right to vote; fair
           treatment by police
      302. PROTECTION (expansion) OF WHITE MAJORITY; maintenance of
           segregation;  right to choose own neighborhood; right to
           discriminate in employment
      303. Protection (EXPANSION) OF CIVIL RIGHTS TO OTHER (or all) MINORITY
           GROUPS
      304. Discrimination against whites; preferred treatment given to
           minorities 
      310. BUSING; general reference
      311. PRO-BUSING; school integration
      312. ANTI-BUSING; maintenance of segregated schools
      317. Other specific reference to civil rights/racial problems
      318. For other specific programs/proposals/legislation for
           (extending)civil rights
      319. Against other specific programs/proposals/legislation for
           (extending) civil rights

 PUBLIC ORDER PROBLEMS
      
      330. WOMEN'S RIGHTS/LIBERATION; general reference
      331. Pro-Women's rights/liberation; for ERA
      332. Anti-Women's rights/liberation; against ERA
      339. Other specific references to women's rights/liberation
      350. CIVIL LIBERTIES; general reference to rights of accused, freedom of
           speech etc.
      351. For (expansion of) civil liberties/rights of accused/freedom of
           speech, etc.
      352. Against (expansion of) civil liberties/rights of accused/freedom of
           speech
      340. CRIME/VIOLENCE; general reference to crime
      362. Too much crime; streets aren't safe; mugging, murder, shoplifting
      343. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY; any mention (not 320's or 383)
      359. General or specific references to human rights; "discrimination" --
           put codeable in 300-304, 330-339)
      360. LAW AND ORDER; general reference to law/police enforcement (see
           also 369)
      361. For greater law/police enforcement
      362. Against police brutality, police state, wiretapping, etc.
      363. Against PROTEST/DEMONSTRATIONS; violence in the streets (except
           364)
      364. Against STUDENT DISORDERS, DISTURBANCES; riots on campus
      365. In favor of LEGALIZED GAMBLING; legal control of gambling; gambling
           (NA direction)
      366. Against GAMBLING; against legal/legislative control of gambling
      367. Against unregistered ownership of guns; legislative control of
           guns; "CONTROL OF GUNS"
      368. For gun ownership; right to have guns; against gun control
      320. NARCOTICS; general reference to drugs; drug addiction; pep pills,
           LSD, MARIJUANA
      321. Against use of narcotics, LSD, Marijuana, alcohol, etc.
      322. For legalizing marijuana; for controlled use of narcotics, LSD,
           etc.
      329. Other specific mention of narcotics/drugs/alcohol etc.
      369. Specific mention of "law and order"
      370. General mention of extremist groups; terrorists; terrorist
           bombings; terrorist hijackings; political subversives;
           revolutionary ideas/approaches, NA direction
      372. Against extremist groups; terrorists; subversives (except 373, 374)
      373. Against Arab terrorists; PLO
      374. Terrorist hijacking
      395. Control of (internal)communist threat; Communists
      379. Other specific mention of terrorist groups/subversives
      380. General mention of MORAL/RELIGIOUS DECAY (of nation)
      381. Family problems -- divorce; proper treatment of children; decay of  
           family
      383. YOUNG PEOPLE (except 361); general reference to drinking (except    
           321), sexual freedom, discipline, mixed-up thinking, "hippies";
           communication with young, etc.
      390. Other specific reference to public order problems

  ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS PROBLEMS

If R mentions both "Inflation" (400) and rise in prices of specific items
(407-409) in F52 code "Inflation" (400).   (see also 496)

      400. INFLATION; general reference to inflation; high prices; high cost
           of living
      401. For wage and/or price guidelines; wage and/or price controls,
           freezing prices; control of business profits
      402. Against wage and/or price controls; against control of business
           profits
      403. High price of food, all mentions (except 100)
      404. High price of other specific items and services
      405. MINIMUM WAGE; any mention; any mention of wage levels
      406. SHORTAGES -- general reference (except 120); NA what; phony
            shortages; people wasteful
      407. Food shortages; economic aspects of food shortages e.g. price of
            sugar (other references code 120)
      408. Fuel shortages; 'energy crisis'; oil companies making excessive
           profits
      409. Other specific references to shortages
      410. RECESSION, DEPRESSION; general reference, prosperity of the nation,
           economic growth
      411. MONETARY RESTRAINTS/CONTROLS; general reference to interest rates,
           etc.
      412. For loosening of monetary restraints; for lowering interest rates
      413. Against loosening of monetary restraints; high interest rates
      414. For (increased) government spending; other (specific) government
           stimulation of the economy e.g. work programs (not 412)
      415. Against (increased) government spending; balancing of the
           (national)
           budget, against government stimulation of the economy
      416. TAXES; general reference to tax structure; tax surcharge (NA R's
           DIRECTION); other specific tax reference
      417. For tax cuts; against tax surcharge
      418. Against tax cuts; for tax surcharge
      419. Other specific references to recession/depression; other specific
           references to monetary/fiscal controls
      420. CONSTRUCTION/HOUSING; all references to housing starts,
           construction costs, etc.
      421. Business profits are (too) high
      422. Business profits are not (too) high
      423. Prices are declining, wholesale or retail -- any mention;
           optimistic economic indications
      424. Increased productivity of American industry; "a days work for a
           days pay"; revitalize American industry
      425. STOCK MARKET/GOLD PRICES; all references to gold prices, stoc
           breakers, stock fluctuations, etc.
      426. Gold outflow; control of foreign investments made by U.S.           
           companies/citizens
      427. Devaluation of the dollar
      430. ANTI-TRUST LAWS PROTECTION OF SHALL BUSINESSES; general reference
           to  anti-trust laws/legislation
      431. For (increased) prosecution under anti-trust laws; protection of
           small businesses from discount houses, chains, large corporations;
           fair trade laws
      432. Against prosecution under anti-trust laws; (additional) control of
           business, stifling of individual initiative/free enterprise
      433. Large businesses taking over small businesses
      434. Small businesses holding their own
      439. Other specific references to Anti-Trust laws/legislation
      440. Class oriented economic concerns -- middle class, working class
          (pro); MIDDLE CLASS GETTING SQUEEZED
      441. Class oriented economic concerns ~ big business, monied interests
           (anti); too powerful
      442. Concern for inequitable distribution of wealth
      450. TREND TOWARD SOCIALISM; general reference - NA R's direction
      451. For the regulation of interstate commerce, transportation; air
           travel, railways, government auto safety regulations; in favor of 
           increased government regulation of business
      452. Against (increased) regulation of interstate commerce,
           transportation; AIR TRAVEL, RAILWAYS, ETC.
      453. For the regulation of communication; government control of content
           of the media; control of media channels
      454. Against the regulation of communication; control of content of the
            media; control of media channels
      459. Other specific references to government control, trends toward
            socialism
      460. IMMIGRATION POLICY; general reference
      461. For immigration policy; against open immigration
      462. Immigration policies for open immigration, relaxation of
           immigration quotas
      463. Problems relating to the influx of political/economic refugees
           (Cubans, Haitians, Mexicans, etc.)
      469. Other specific references to immigration policies
      490. Other specific references to economic problems
      491. Economics- general; "Economics" NFS
      492. International economics -- general
      493. U.S. foreign trade, balance of payments position; foreign oil
           dependency
      496. The economy-not further specified (code specific mention if R
           clarifies by saying "inflation", etc.; also see 400)

Code 496 was added due to the great increase in the number of unqualified
responses of --"the economy". In past studies such non-specific responses,
far fewer in number, were* assumed to be references to the inflation problem
and were coded as 400.

       494. Control of foreign investment in US; limitation of foreign
            imports; restriction on foreign car imports; general reference to
            problems of automobile industry

  CONSUMER PROTECTION 1

      470. CONSUMER PROTECTION; general reference
      471. For (increased) CONSUMER PROTECTION LEGISLATION; truth in labeling,
           packaging, lending; control of medicines; poisons, harmful
           products; no fault insurance
      472. Against (increased) CONSUMER PROTECTION LEGISLATION; etc.
      474. SAFETY; general reference to consumer safety
      475. For (increased) AUTO, highway, airplane SAFETY
      476. Against (increased) legislative AUTO, highway, airplane safety
      479. Other specific references to consumer protection/safety
      480. MASS TRANSPORTATION; general reference
      481. F (increased) mass transportation; mass transportation legislation/
           expenditures
      482. Against (increased) legislation/expenditures for mass
           transportation
      483. Control of public utilities; utility rates
      484. Roads, highways, bridges; general unspecified transportation
      489. Other specific references to mass transportation
      495. Other specific consumer protection problems

 FOREIGN AFFAIRS
        
      500. FOREIGN RELATIONS/FOREIGN AFFAIRS; general reference to foreign
           relations/affairs, prestige abroad
      505. Relations with WESTERN EUROPE; Great Britain, France, Germany; our
           allies - general mention
      506. For better relations with Western Europe
      507. Against better relations with Western Europe
      509. Other specific references to Western Europe
      510. VIETNAM; general reference to "the war", Indochina, Cambodia; aid
      511. For (increased) aid to Indochina, Vietnam, Cambodia
      512. Against (increased) aid to Indochina, Vietnam, Cambodia
      513. CUBA; any references
      514. Latin America, South America - any references
      515. Iran; mention of American hostages in Teheran
      516. African countries; developing areas in Africa (not 518) any mention
      517. Asian countries - any mention (not 510, 520)
      518. Turkey/Greece
      519. Other foreign countries/areas/specific trouble spots (except 520's,
           530's)
      520. COMMUNIST CHINA; general references
      521. For peaceful relations with Communist China; increased aid/trade
           with Communist China
      522. Against a policy of peaceful relations with Communist China;
           against increased aid/trade with Communist China
      529. Other specific reference to Communist China
      524. MIDDLE EAST-general reference, including Arab/Israeli conflict &
           Iran-Iraq  War (not 518, 525, 526 or 527)
      525. Support of policy favoring Israel; increased aid to Israel; against
           support of Arab states
      526. Support of policy favoring the Arab states; increased aid to Arab
           states; against (increased) support of Israel
      527. Mention of other problems or specific country in the Middle East
           (not 524-526, or 518)
      530. RUSSIA; general reference to Russia(USSR), Eastern Europe, detente
      531. For PEACEFUL RELATIONS with Russia/Detente/Eastern Europe; for
           increased TRADE with Russia
      532. Against policy of Detente with Russia; COLD WAR; threat of external
           Communism
      533. Prevention of Russian (Communist) Expansion; mention of Soviet
           invasion and occupation of Afghanistan - any reference
      539. Other specific references to Russia/Detente/Eastern Europe; etc.
           (including changing site/boycotting 1980 Moscow Olympics)
      540. FIRMNESS IN FOREIGN POLICY; any reference to maintenance of
           position of MILITARY/DIPLOMATIC STRENGTH (except 551; not 710-712)
      550. U.S. FOREIGN (MILITARY) INVOLVEMENT/COMMITMENT, general reference
           to extent of U.S. Foreign involvement; military assistance/aid
           (except 510 and 524)
      551. For increased foreign (military) involvement; for increased
           (military) commitment (except 511, 525, 526, 540);
      552. Against increased foreign involvement; against increased (military)
           commitment (except 512, 525, 526)
      559. Other specific reference to Foreign Military Involvement/Commitment
      560. U.S. FOREIGN (ECONOMIC) INVOLVEMENT/COMMITMENTS; general reference
           to extent of U.S. (foreign) economic aid
      561. For (increased) U.S. ECONOMIC INVOLVEMENT; foreign economic aid
           programs; "foreign aid" (except 520's)
      562. Against (increased) U.S. economic involvement; foreign economic aid
           programs; "foreign aid"
      569. Other specific reference to U.S. (economic) foreign aid
      570. Prevention of war; ESTABLISHMENT OF PEACE; any reference
      580. General reference to relation with the UNITED NATIONS
      581. For the United Nations
      582. Against (increased) support of United Nations
      585. Obligation to TAKE CARE OF PROBLEMS AT HOME before helping foreign
           countries
      590. Other specific foreign affairs problems/items

NATIONAL DEFENSE

      700. NATIONAL DEFENSE; general reference, defense budget
      710. DISARMAMENT; general reference to ENDING OF THE ARMS RACE; nuclear
           proliferation; test ban treaty (not 540); SALT
      711. For DISARMAMENT; for extension of test ban treaty; support toward
           ending of arms race; against (additional) expenditures on 
           military/arms development; SALT
      712. Against (increased) policy of DISARMAMENT; against test ban treaty;
           for additional WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT; missile program;
           scientific/technological
           development in weapons/strategy; atomic bomb testing; increased
           DEFENSE BUDGET, increased arms expenditure (not 540); SALT;
           increased pay for military personnel
      713. General or specific references to functioning and performance of
           defense; waste, inefficiency, not codeable in 710-712
      719. Other specific reference to the Arms race/disarmament
      730. General reference to THE DRAFT; selective service system; universal
           conscription
      731. For reinstatement of the draft
      732. Against reinstatement of the draft
      734. AMNESTY; general reference to amnesty for draft dodgers/Ford's Plan
      736. Against amnesty for draft dodgers/Ford's Plan
      739. Other specific reference to amnesty for draft dodgers/Ford's Plan
      740. SPACE RACE; any mention
      750. MORALE OF NATION; Patriotism; National spirit; national unity;
           greed, selfishness of people
      760. BENEFITS FOR VETERANS; general reference
      761. For (increased) benefits for veterans
      762. Against (increased) benefits for veterans
      769. Other specific references to benefits for veterans
      770. Influence of-military; Civilian control of military; defense
            management - any mention
      790. Other specific national defense items

 ISSUES RELATING TO THE FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT

      800. POWER OF THE (FEDERAL) GOVERNMENT; general reference, NA
           specifically
      805. GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF INFORMATION; SECRECY; news management;
           over classification of information - any mention
      810. (LACK OF) HONESTY IN GOVERNMENT; (LACK OF) ETHICS IN GOVERNMENT
           general reference (except 811)
      811. LACK OF PERSONAL ETHICS/morality of persons related to/or part of
           government
      815. (news) Media bias; slanting/twisting of the news
      819. Other specific reference to honesty/ethics in government
      820. CAMPAIGN DONATIONS/PUBLIC FINANCING OF ELECTIONS; any mentions
      830. CONFIDENCE/TRUST in political leaders/system - general reference
      831. Increased confidence/trust in political leaders/system, wisdom,
           ability, general representativeness of political leaders,
           congressmen, Supreme Court
      832. Decreased confidence/trust in political leaders/system; little
            wisdom, ability,general representativeness of political leaders,   
 
           congressmen, Supreme Court, need for better 
           politicians/political system
      833. QUALITY/EFFICIENCY; general reference to the quality of public
           employees, diplomats, civil service, GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY: COST
           OF GOVERNMENT
      834. Increased quality/efficiency of public employees, diplomats, civil
           service; need for large government bureaucracy; increase cost of
           government
      835. Decreased quality/efficiency of public employees, diplomats, civil
           service; decrease government bureaucracy: decrease cost of
           government
      836. COMPENSATION; all references to the compensation of government
           employees, officials, congressmen, judges, local
           politicians/bureaucrats
      837. Waste in government spending; keeping tabs on where money goes
      840. SIZE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT; general reference to the (large) size
           of government/civil service/bureaucracy
     841.  For a more powerful (federal) government; less state rights; 
           increased centralism
     842.  Against (increased) power of the (federal) government; more states
           rights; federal government is too powerful vis a vis states
     849.  Other specific references to the size of the government vis a vis
           states
     850.  POWER OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE; Power of the president - general
           reference
     851.  ~ power
     852.  Against (greater) presidential power
     853.  POWER OF CONGRESS - general reference
     854.  For (increased) Congressional power; congress should do more, take
           more initiative
     855.  Against (increased) Congressional power
     856.  POWER OF THE SUPREME COURT, all other references to the Supreme
           Court except 857, 858
     857.  For (increased) role by the Supreme Court
     858.  Against (increased) role by the Supreme Court
     859.  Other specific references to the (federal) balance of power
     860.  APPORTIONMENT; general reference to problems of representation
     861.  Need for reapportionment; under representation of cities/suburbs
     862.  FAIR ELECTION PROCEDURES; prevention of vote manipulation; curbing
           of political "bosses", smear campaigns
     869.  Other specific references to problems of representation
     870.  CAPABILITY/OTHER QUALITIES (pertaining to the representativeness)
           OF POLITICAL LEADERS, congressmen, judges (except Watergate)
     871.  Government/politicians catering to special/pressure groups; lack of
           devotion to general welfare; LACK OF SERVICE TO ALL THE PEOPLE;
           lobbying; lobbyist
     872.  PRESIDENT REAGAN; general reference to REAGAN's style/quality
     873.  Pro-Reagan comments, complimentary comments regarding quality and
           style of the president
     874.  Lack of support for Reagan; any anti-Reagan comments, negative
           reference  REAGAN's quality, style, etc.
     875.  Incumbent Congressman: mentions relating to appraisals of
           incumbents performance or experience (including voting record,
          seniority, experience)
     876.  Mentions relating to candidate differences rooted in personal
           qualities, party affiliations or ideological positions
     879.  Other specific references to quality of political leaders
     880.  DEMOCRATIC LANDSLIDE; all references to unequal representation of
           parties/ constituents in congress
     881.  New president/New administration getting started; other references
           specific to  the President
     882.  Issues pertaining to the district economy; federal spending in the
           district, in general or for specific projects
     885.  PUBLIC APATHY/disinterest - all references
     886.  Getting people (back) together; unity of our people
     890.  Other specific issues relating to the functioning of government

WATERGATE Problems

     950. WATERGATE/TAPES; general reference to Watergate except 951-957
     951. Against government allocation of time/money for Watergate issues;
         trial too much time spent on Watergate
     952. For the expose on Watergate/trial; get to the bottom of Watergate
     954. NIXON PARDON; general mention of Ford's pardon of Nixon
     955. Against Nixon's parson
     956. For Nixon' B pardon

     959. Other specific Watergate mentions

NON-POLITICAL PROBLEMS 

     995. "There were no issues;" "there were no issues, just party politics"
     996. "There was no campaign in my district"
     997. Other
     998. DK
     999  NA
     000. Inap, no further mention; no problems


>> 1982 STATE AND COUNTRY CODE

  UNITED STATES 
       New England
            101. Connecticut
            102. Maine
            103. Massachusetts
            104. New Hampshire
            105. Rhode Island
            106. Vermont
            109. General mention of area; two or more states in area
       Middle Atlantic
            111. Delaware
            112. New Jersey
            113. New York
            114. Pennsylvania
            118. General mention of area; two or more states in area
            119. East; mention of states in both New England and Middle
                 Atlantic areas
       East North Central
            121. Illinois
            122. Indiana
            123. Michigan
            124. Ohio
            125. Wisconsin
            129. General mention of area; two or more states in area 
       West North Central
            131. Iowa
            132. Kansas
            133. Minnesota
            134. Missouri
            135. Nebraska
            136. North Dakota
            137. South Dakota
            138. General mention of area; two or more states in area
            139. Midwest; mention of states in both East North Central and
                 West North Central
             areas
       Solid South
            141. Alabama
            142. Arkansas
            143. Florida
            144. Georgia
            145. Louisiana
            146. Mississippi
            147. North Carolina
            148. South Carolina
            149. Texas
            140. Virginia
            157. General mention of area; the South; two or 
                 more states in area Border States
            151. Kentucky
            152. Maryland
            153. Oklahoma
            154. Tennessee
            155. Washington, D.C.
            156. West Virginia
            158. General mention of area; two or more states in area 
            159. South; mention of states in both Solid South and 
                 Border States areas
       Mountain States
            161. Arizona
            162. Colorado
            163. Idaho
            164. Montana
            165. Nevada
            166. New Mexico
            167. Utah
            168. Wyoming
            169. General mention of area; two or more stares in area
       Pacific States
            171. California
            172. Oregon
            173. Washington
            178. General mention of area; two or more states in area
            179. West; mention of states in both Mountain States and Pacific

States areas
       External States and Territories
            180. Alaska
            181. Hawaii
            182. Puerto Rico
            183. American Samoa, Guam
            184. Panama Canal Zone
            185. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
            186. Virgin Islands
            187. Other U.S. Dependencies, reference to Two or More States from
                 Different Regions of the U.S.; or NA which State
            191. Northeast and South (New England or Middle Atlantic and
                 Solid~South or Border State=)
            192. Northeast and Midwest (New England or Middle Atlantic and
                 East North Central or West North Central)
            194. West (Mountain States or Pacific States) or Midwest
            195. West and South (Solid South or Border States)
            196. Midwest and South
            198. Lived in 3 or more regions (NA whether lived in one more than
                 the rest)
            199. United States, NA which state
  WESTERN HEMISPHERE (except U.S.)
       North America
            201. North America (except U.S.) comb. Canada, Mexico, and/or
                 Central America)
            207. Canada - ancestry of Anglo-Saxon origin
            208. Canada - ancestry of French origin
            209. Canada - NA origin or other origin
            219. Mexico
            229. Central America
       West Indies (except Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands)
            231. Barbados
            232. Cuba
            233. Dominican Republic
            234. Haiti
            235. Jamaica
            236. Netherlands Antilles
            237. Trinidad and Tobago
            238. Islands of Lesser Antilles - except Virgin Islands and
                 Netherlands Antilles
            239. West Indies (except Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands ) or
                 "Caribbean" - reference  
                 to two or more West Indian countries
       South America
            259. South America, South American country or countries British
                 Isles
       Western Europe
            301. England
            302. Ireland (NA North or South); southern Ireland
            303. Scotland
            304. Wales
            305. North Ireland (Ulster)
            306. Scot-Irish
            308. United Kingdom, Great Britain
            309. "British Isles"; General mention of area - reference to two
                 or more countries of the British Isles
            310. Austria
            311. Belgium
            312. France
            313. Federal Republic of Germany (W. Germany)
            314. German Democratic Republic (E. Germany)
            315. Germany - NA East or West
            316. Luxembourg
            317. Netherlands; Holland
            318. Switzerland
            319. "Western Europe"; general mention of area - reference to two
                 or more countries of Western Europe Scandinavia
            321. Denmark
            322. Finland
            323. Norway
            324. Sweden
            325. Iceland
            328. General mention of area of Western Europe and/or Scandinavia
                 and/or British Isles and/or Mediterranean countries and/or
                 Greece; reference to two or more
                 countries in different areas listed 
            329. "Scandinavia"; general mention of area - reference to two or
                 more Scandinavian countries
       Eastern Europe
            331. Czechoslovakia (Slovak)
            332. Estonia
            333. Hungary
            334. Latvia
            335. Lithuania
            336. Poland
            337. Russia (or USSR)
            338. Ukraine
            339. "Eastern Europe"; general mention of area - reference to two
                 or more countries of Eastern Europe 
      Balkan Countries
            341. Albania
            342. Bulgaria
            343. Greece
            344. Rumania
            345. Yugoslavia
            348. General mention of area - reference to two or more Balkan
                  countries
            349. "Balkans"; general reference of area - reference to countries
                 in Eastern Europe and Balkan Countries
      Mediterranean Countries
            351. Italy
            352. Portugal
            353. Spain
            354. Malta or Gogo
            399. "EUROPE"; general mention of area - reference to two or more
                 countries of Europe in different areas
       ASIA (except Near East)
            401. Afghanistan
            404. India
            405. Pakistan
            428. Southeast Asia - Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia, Burma,
                 Philippines, Indonesia
            431. China (Mainland)
            432. Taiwan, Formosa
            451. Japan
            452. Korea
            499. "ASIA"; general mention of area - reference to two or mare    
                 countries of Asia
  NEAR EAST
            501. U.A.R. (Egypt)
            502. Iran
            503. Iraq
            504. Israel (or Palestine), Jewish
            505. Jordan
            506. Lebanon  _
            507. Saudi Arabia
            508. Syria
            509. Turkey
            599. "Near East," "Middle East"; general mention of area -
                 reference to two or more countries of Near East
            655. South Africa
            699. Africa; any African country or countries, excluding only
            South Africa and U.A.R. (Egypt)
  OCEANIA
            704. Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania

            997. Other (combinations) not codeable elsewhere
            998. DK
            999. NA
            000. Inap, coded 1 in colt 66



>> 1982 NATIONALITY & ETHNIC CODE

  WESTERN HEMISPHERE
       North America
            01. American Indian, tribal mentions
            02. Canadian; not specified as French-Canadian (03)
            03. Canadian, of French origin
            04. Mexican (excluding explicit mention of "Chicano,"
                'Mexican-American")
            05. Central American
       West Indies
            07. Barbados
            08. Cuban
            09. Dominican Republic
            10. Haitian
            11. Jamaican
            12. Puerto Rican
            13. West Indian--not from one of the above countries
            14. West Indian--NA which country
       South America
            16. South American any country
  EUROPE
       British Isles
            18. English, British
            19. Irish (not specified as from North Ireland, Ulster--22)
            20. Scottish
            21. Welsh
            22. From North Ireland
            23. Scot-Irish
            24. From British Isles; from two or more countries of British
                Isles
       Western Europe
            26. Austrian
            27. Belgian
            28. French
            29. German; also Pennsylvania Dutch
            30. Luxembourg
            31. Netherlands, Holland; Dutch
            32. Swiss
            33. From Western Europe, two or more countries of Western Europe
       Scandinavia
            35. Danish
            36. Finn, Finnish
            37. Norwegian
            38. Swedish
            39. Icelander
            40. Scandinavian; reference to two or more Scandinavian countries
            41. Reference to two or more countries from combination of the
                following areas: British Isles, Western Europe, Scandinavia,
                Mediterranean countries, Greece
       Eastern Europe
            43. Czechoslovakian, Slovak
            44. Estonian
            45. Hungarian
            46. Latvian
            47. Lithuanian
            48. Polish
            49. Russian; from U.S.S.R.
            50. Ukrainian  
            51. Eastern European; reference to two or more Eastern European    
                countries
       Balkan Countries
            53. Albanian
            54. Bulgarian
            55. Greek
            56. Rumanian
            57. Yugoslavian
            58. Mention of two or more Balkan countries
       Mediterranean Countries
            60. Italian
            61. Portuguese
            62. Spanish
            63. Maltese
            64. European. General mention of Europe, reference to two or more
                European countries, not codeable above.
            66. Afghan
            67. Indian (not American Indian, code 01)
            68. Southeast Asia--from Indochina, Thailand, Malaya, Burma,
                Philippines, Indonesia
            69. Chinese
            70. Japanese; Japanese American
            71. Korean
  NEAR EAST
            73. Egyptian
            74. Iranian, Persian
            75. Iraqi
            76. Israeli
            77. Jordanian
            78. Lebanese
            79. Arab, Arabian, Saudi Arabian
            80. Syrian
            81. Turk, Turkish
  AFRICA
            83. African; from any African country except Egypt (U.A.R.); South 
               African (formerly 90)
  OCEANIA
            85. Australian, New Zealander, Tasmanian
  ETHNIC GROUPS
            86. White, Caucasian
            87. Black; Negro; American Black; Afro-American
            88. Chicano; Mexican-American
            90. NEITHER
  OTHER MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS
            91. Catholic
            92. Protestant
            93. Jewish
            94. Mormon
            95. Other religious groups
            97. Other group; combinations not codeable above
            98. DK
            99. NA; NONE; "American"



>> 1970 Census Occupation Code


                AS IN 1978, THE 1970 CENSUS OCCUPATION CODE IS USED FOR THE
                1980 ELECTION STUDY, INSTEAD OF THE CPS POLITICAL BEHAVIOR
                OCCUPATION CODE WHICH APPEARS IN PAST ELECTION STUDIES, AND
                USES THE 1960 CENSUS CLASSIFICATION SCHEME AS BACKBONE FOR
                ITS STRUCTURE.  THERE IS A CLOSE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE
                TWO CODING SCHEMES.  GROUPINGS OF OCCUPATIONS INTO MAJOR
                OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES ARE BASICALLY IDENTICAL FOR BOTH
                SCHEMES; SOME DIFFERENCES OCCUR IN THE DETAILED CODES
                WITHIN CATEGORIES.

                THE USER WHO NEEDS MORE DETAILED INFORMATION SHOULD
                CONSULT: U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, "1970 OCCUPATION AND
                INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF THEIR 1960
                OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY ELEMENTS,"  BY JOHN A. PRIEBE,
                JOAN HEINKEL, AND STANLEY GREENE (TECHNICAL PAPER 26),
                U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON D.C., 1972.

                IN ADDITION, IN 1978 THE DUNCAN SEI AND NORC PRESTIGE
                SCORES ARE INCLUDED.  IN PAST STUDIES THE DUNCAN SCORE WAS
                BASED ON 1960 CENSUS CODES; IN THE 1978, 1980 AND 1982 STUD-
                IES A VERSION BASED ON THE 1970 CENSUS IS GIVEN. FOR DETAILS,
                SEE DAVID L. FEATHERMAN, MICHAEL SOBEL AND DAVID DICKENS,
                "A MANUAL FOR CODING OCCUPATIONS AND INDUSTRIES INTO
                DETAILED 1970 CATEGORIES AND A LISTING OF 1970-BASIS
                DUNCAN SOCIOECONOMIC AND NORC PRESTIGE SCORES," (WORKING
                PAPER #75-1, CENTER FOR DEMOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGY, THE
                UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN--MADISON).

                BOTH DUNCAN AND NORC SCORES ARE BASED ON AN OCCUPATIONAL
                RANKING SCHEME.  BOTH ARE THREE-DIGIT SCORES WITH A DECIMAL
                POINT TO BE UNDERSTOOD IN THE RIGHT-MOST COLUMN.  THE
                DECIMAL POINT DOES NOT APPEAR IN THE DATA OR DICTIONARY.
                A SCORE OF 241, THEREFORE, SHOULD BE READ AS 24.1.

                U.S.   DUNCAN NORC
                CENSUS SEI    PRESTIGE
                OCCUP.

                PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL, AND KINDRED WORKERS
                --------------------------------------------

                    001    769    560

                    ACCOUNTANTS

                    002    853    667
                    ARCHITECTS

                COMPUTER SPECIALISTS

                    003    650    506
                    COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS

                    004    650    506
                    COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS

                    005    650    506
                    COMPUTER SPECIALISTS

                ENGINEERS

                    006    870    711
                    AERONAUTICAL AND ASTRONAUTICAL ENGINEERS

                    010    899    672
                    CHEMICAL ENGINEERS

                    011    840    678
                    CIVIL ENGINEERS

                    012    840    694
                    ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS

                    013    855    556
                    INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS

                    014    802    621
                    MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

                    015    831    584
                    METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERS

                    020    850    616
                    MINING ENGINEERS

                    021    810    571
                    PETROLEUM ENGINEERS

                    022    870    506
                    SALES ENGINEERS

                    023    869    670
                    ENGINEERS
  
                    024    830    539
                    FARM MANAGEMENT ADVISORS

                    025    480    539
                    FORESTERS AND CONSERVATIONISTS

                    026    830    539
                    HOME MANAGEMENT ADVISORS

                LAWYERS AND JUDGES

                    030    930    757
                    JUDGES

                    031    923    751
                    LAWYERS


                LIBRARIANS, ARCHIVISTS, AND CURATORS

                    032    600    546
                    LIBRARIANS
      
                    033    746    596
                    ARCHIVISTS AND CURATORS

                MATHEMATICAL SPECIALISTS

                    034    810    554
                    ACTUARIES

                    035    800    650
                    MATHEMATICIANS

                    036    810    554
                    STATISTICIANS

                LIFE AND PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS

                    042    800    558
                    AGRICULTURAL SCIENTISTS

                    043    620    470
                    ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE SCIENTISTS

                    044    800    677
                    BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS

                    045    794    673
                    CHEMISTS

                    051    800    672
                    GEOLOGISTS

                    052    800    672
                    MARINE SCIENTISTS

                    053    800    738
                    PHYSICISTS AND ASTRONOMERS

                    054    774    651
                    LIFE AND PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS

                    055    657    508
                    OPERATIONS AND SYSTEMS RESEARCHERS AND ANALYSTS

                    056    824    552
                    PERSONNEL AND LABOR RELATIONS WORKERS

                PHYSICIANS, DENTISTS, AND RELATED PRACTITIONERS

                    061    750    600
                    CHIROPRACTORS

                    062    960    736
                    DENTISTS

                    063    790    620
                    OPTOMETRISTS

                    064    814    603
                    PHARMACISTS

                    065    921    812
                    PHYSICIANS, MEDICAL AND OSTEOPATHIC

                    071    580    367
                    PODIATRISTS

                    072    780    597
                    VETERINARIANS
 
                    073    580    367
                    HEALTH PRACTITIONERS

                NURSES, DIETITIANS, AND THERAPISTS

                    074    390    521
                    DIETITIANS

                    075    443    601
                    REGISTERED NURSES

                    076    589    385
                    THERAPISTS

                HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS

                    080    480    610
                    CLINICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS

                    081    480    610
                    DENTAL HYGIENISTS

                    082    600    546
                    HEALTH RECORD TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS

                    083    480    610
                    RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS

                    084    480    610
                    THERAPY ASSISTANTS

                    085    552    511
                    HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS

                RELIGIOUS WORKERS

                    086    520    690
                    CLERGYMEN

                    090    571    546
                    RELIGIOUS WORKERS

                    SOCIAL SCIENTISTS
                    091    743    535

                ECONOMISTS

                    092    810    714
                    POLITICAL SCIENTISTS

                    093    810    714
                    PSYCHOLOGISTS
 
                    094    810    714
                    SOCIOLOGISTS

                    095    650    506
                    URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNERS

                    096    810    656
                    SOCIAL SCIENTISTS

                SOCIAL AND RECREATION WORKERS

                    100    640    524
                    SOCIAL WORKERS

                    101    670    486
                    RECREATION WORKERS

                TEACHERS, COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY

                    102    840    783
                    AGRICULTURE TEACHERS
 
                    103    840    783
                    ATMOSPHERIC, EARTH, MARINE, AND SPACE TEACHERS

                    104    840    783
                    BIOLOGY TEACHERS
 
                    105    840    783
                    CHEMISTRY TEACHERS

                    110    840    783
                    PHYSICS TEACHERS

                    111    840    783
                    ENGINEERING TEACHERS

                    112    840    783
                    MATHEMATICS TEACHERS

                    113    840    783
                    HEALTH SPECIALTIES TEACHERS

                    114    840    783
                    PSYCHOLOGY TEACHERS

                    115    840    783
                    BUSINESS AND COMMERCE TEACHERS

                    116    840    783
                    ECONOMICS TEACHERS

                    120    840    783
                    HISTORY TEACHERS

                    121    840    783
                    SOCIOLOGY TEACHERS
 
                    122    840    783
                    SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHERS

                    123  556    486
                    ART, DRAMA, AND MUSIC TEACHERS

                    124    640    532
                    COACHES AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS

                    125    840    783
                    EDUCATION TEACHERS

                    126    840     783
                    ENGLISH TEACHERS

                    130    840    783
                    FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS

                    131    720    532
                    HOME ECONOMICS TEACHERS

                    132    840    783
                    LAW TEACHERS

                    133    840    783
                    THEOLOGY TEACHERS

                    134    840    783
                    TRADE, INDUSTRIAL, AND TECHNICAL TEACHERS

                    135    840    783
                    MISCELLANEOUS TEACHERS, COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY

                    140    840    783
                    TEACHERS, COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY, SUBJECT NOT SPECIFIED

                TEACHERS, EXCEPT COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY

                    141    643    439
                    ADULT EDUCATION TEACHERS

                    142    714    592
                    ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

                    143    720    561
                    PREKINDERGARTEN AND KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS

                    144    705    601
                    SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

                    145    577    449
                    TEACHERS, EXCEPT COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY

                ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE TECHNICIANS

                    150    620    472
                    AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNICIANS, EXCEPT HEALTH

                    151    620    470
                    CHEMICAL TECHNICIANS

                    152    670    561
                    DRAFTSMEN

                    153    620    515
                    ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS

                    154    640    494
                    INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS

                    155    620    470
                    MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS

                    156    530    468
                    MATHEMATICAL TECHNICIANS

                    161    484    531
                    SURVEYORS
 
                    162    620    470
                    ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE TECHNICIANS

                TECHNICIANS, EXCEPT HEALTH, AND ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE

                    163    790    701
                    AIRPLANE PILOTS

                    164    690    428
                    AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS

                    165    603    519
                    EMBALMERS

                    170    480    482
                    FLIGHT ENGINEERS

                    171    690    428
                    RADIO OPERATORS

                    172    620    470
                    TOOL PROGRAMMERS, NUMERICAL CONTROL

                    173    620    472
                    TECHNICIANS

                    174    650    506
                    VOCATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL COUNSELORS

                WRITERS, ARTISTS, AND ENTERTAINERS

                    175    600    550
                    ACTORS

                    180    602    521
                    ATHLETES AND KINDRED WORKERS

                    181    760    598
                    AUTHORS

                    182    450    376
                    DANCERS

                    183    704    565
                    DESIGNERS
 
                    184    820    512
                    EDITORS AND REPORTERS

                    185    520    460
                    MUSICIANS AND COMPOSERS

                    190    670    562
                    PAINTERS AND SCULPTORS

                    191    500    405
                    PHOTOGRAPHERS

                    192    820    567
                    PUBLIC RELATIONS MEN AND PUBLICITY WRITERS

                    193    650    506
                    RADIO AND TELEVISION ANNOUNCERS

                    194    454    412
                    WRITERS, ARTISTS, AND ENTERTAINERS

                    195    650    506
                    RESEARCH WORKERS, NOT SPECIFIED

                MANAGERS AND ADMINISTRATORS, EXCEPT FARM
                ----------------------------------------

                    201    588    538
                    ASSESSORS, CONTROLLERS, AND TREASURERS; LOCAL PUBLIC
                    ADMINISTRATION

                    202    800    666
                    BANK OFFICERS AND FINANCIAL MANAGERS

                    203    503    429
                    BUYERS AND SHIPPERS, FARM PRODUCTS

                    205    721    500
                    BUYERS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

                    210    740    488
                    CREDIT MEN

                    211    590    522
                    FUNERAL DIRECTORS

                    212    569    594
                    HEALTH ADMINISTRATORS

                    213    575    396
                    CONSTRUCTION INSPECTORS, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

                    215    666    423
                    INSPECTORS, EXCEPT CONSTRUCTION, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

                    216    320    383
                    MANAGERS AND SUPERINTENDENTS, BUILDING
 
                    220    731    560
                    OFFICE MANAGERS

                    221    499    567
                    OFFICERS, PILOTS, AND PURSERS; SHIP

                    222    665    603
                    OFFICIALS AND ADMINISTRATORS; PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

                    223    600    484
                    OFFICIALS OF LODGES, SOCIETIES, AND UNIONS

                    224    608    583
                    POSTMASTERS AND MAIL SUPERINTENDENTS

                    225    748    464
                    PURCHASING AGENTS AND BUYERS

                    226    582    409

                    RAILROAD CONDUCTORS

                    230    381    389
                    RESTAURANT, CAFETERIA AND BAR MANAGERS

                    231    698    478
                    SALES MANAGERS AND DEPARTMENT HEADS, RETAIL TRADE

                    233    746    542
                    SALES MANAGERS, EXCEPT RETAIL TRADE

                    235    771    696
                    SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS, COLLEGE

                    240    717    616
                    SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS, ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY

                    245    617    507
                    MANAGERS AND ADMINISTRATORS

                SALES WORKERS
                -------------

                    260     661   423
                    ADVERTISING AGENTS AND SALESMEN

                    261    400    319
                    AUCTIONEERS
 
                    262    381    306
                    DEMONSTRATORS

                    264    129    202
                    HUCKSTERS AND PEDDLERS

                    265     660   468
                    INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS, AND UNDERWRITERS

                    266    270    154
                    NEWSBOYS
 
                    270    620    440
                    REAL ESTATE AGENTS AND BROKERS

                    271    724    513
                    STOCK AND BOND SALESMEN

                    280    494    354
                    SALESMEN AND SALES CLERKS

                    281    650    491
                    SALES REPRESENTATIVES, MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES            
                   (IND.107-399)

                    282    609    399
                    SALES REPRESENTATIVES, WHOLESALE TRADE (IND. 017-058,      
                    507-599)

                    283    390    286
                    SALES CLERKS, RETAIL TRADE (IND. 608-699 EXCEPT 618,
                    639, 649, 667, 668, 688)

                    284    390    286
                    SALESMEN, RETAIL TRADE (IND. 655, 618, 639, 649, 667,
                    668, 688)

                    285    522    354
                    SALESMEN OF SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION (IND. 067-???,
                    407-499, 707-947)

                CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS
                ----------------------------

                    301    518    490
                    BANK TELLERS

                    303    440    362
                    BILLING CLERKS

                    305    509    474
                    BOOKKEEPERS

                    310    439    310
                    CASHIERS
 
                    311    440    314
                    CLERICAL ASSISTANTS, SOCIAL WELFARE

                    312    438    360
                    CLERICAL SUPERVISORS

                    313    425    279
                    COLLECTORS, BILL AND ACCOUNT

                    314    440    362
                    COUNTER CLERKS, EXCEPT FOOD

                    315    401    334
                    DISPATCHERS AND STARTERS, VEHICLE

                    320    440    362
                    ENUMERATORS AND INTERVIEWERS

                    321    562    412
                    ESTIMATORS AND INVESTIGATORS

                    323    436    360
                    EXPEDITERS AND PRODUCTION CONTROLLERS

                    325    440    308
                    FILE CLERKS

                    326    621    476
                    INSURANCE ADJUSTERS, EXAMINERS, AND INVESTIGATORS

                    330    431    397
                    LIBRARY ATTENDANTS AND ASSISTANTS

                    331    530    423
                    MAIL CARRIERS, POST OFFICE

                    332    433    355
                    MAIL HANDLERS, EXCEPT POST OFFICE

                    333    282    A93
                    MESSENGERS AND OFFICE BOYS

                    334    440    362
                    METER READERS, UTILITIES

                OFFICE MACHINE OPERATORS

                    341    449    443
                    BOOKKEEPING AND BILLING MACHINE OPERATORS

                    342    450    449
                    CALCULATING MACHINE OPERATORS

                    343    450    449
                    COMPUTER AND PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT OPERATORS

                    344    450    449
                    DUPLICATING MACHINE OPERATORS

                    345    450    449
                    KEYPUNCH OPERATORS

                    350    450    449
                    TABULATING MACHINE OPERATORS

                    355    450    449
                    OFFICE MACHINE OPERATORS

                    360    440    413
                    PAYROLL AND TIMEKEEPING CLERKS

                    361    446    424
                    POSTAL CLERKS
 
                    362    440    362
                    PROOFREADERS

                    363    678    430
                    REAL ESTATE APPRAISERS

                    364    440    389
                    RECEPTIONISTS

                SECRETARIES

                    370    610    458
                    SECRETARIES, LEGAL

                    371    610    458
                    SECRETARIES, MEDICAL

                    372    610    458
                    SECRETARIES

                    374    241    299
                    SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS

                    375    439    360
                    STATISTICAL CLERKS

                    376    610    433
                    STENOGRAPHERS

                    381    439    252
                    STOCK CLERKS AND STOREKEEPERS

                    382    624    488
                    TEACHER AIDES, EXCEPT SCHOOL MONITORS

                    383    220    298
                    TELEGRAPH MESSENGERS

                    384    470    435
                    TELEGRAPH OPERATORS

                    385    450    404
                    TELEPHONE OPERATORS

                    390    598    354
                    TICKET, STATION, AND EXPRESS AGENTS

                    391    610    413
                    TYPISTS

                    392    418    354
                    WEIGHERS

                    394    437  365
                    MISCELLANEOUS CLERICAL WORKERS

                    395    440    362
                    NOT SPECIFIED CLERICAL WORKERS

                CRAFTSMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS
                -----------------------------

                    401    216    325
                    AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES INSTALLERS

                    402    217    338
                    BAKERS

                    403    160    355
                    BLACKSMITHS

                    404    326    306
                    BOILERMAKERS

                    405    380    314
                    BOOKBINDERS

                    410    270    357
                    BRICKMASONS AND STONEMASONS
 
                    411    320    408
                    BRICKMASONS AND STONEMASONS, APPRENTICES

                    412    197    323
                    BULLDOZER OPERATORS

                    413    223    381
                    CABINETMAKERS

                    415    189    396
                    CARPENTERS

                    416    310    408
                    CARPENTER APPRENTICES

                    420    120    328
                    CARPET INSTALLERS

                    421    190    316
                    CEMENT AND CONCRETE FINISHERS

                    422    520    380
                    COMPOSITORS AND TYPESETTERS

                    423    400    408
                    PRINTING TRADES APPRENTICES, EXCEPT PRESSMEN

                    424    210    387
                    CRANEMEN, DERRICKMEN, AND HOISTMEN

                    425    400    374
                    DECORATORS AND WINDOW DRESSERS

                    426    480    610
                    DENTAL LABORATORY TECHNICIANS

                    430    440    492
                    ELECTRICIANS

                    431    370    408
                    ELECTRICIAN APPRENTICES

                    433    490    392
                    ELECTRIC POWER LINEMEN AND CABLEMEN

                    434    550    380
                    ELECTROTYPERS AND STEREOTYPERS

                    435    470    412
                    ENGRAVERS, EXCEPT PHOTOENGRAVERS

                    436      228    315
                    EXCAVATING, GRADING, AND ROAD MACHINE OPERATORS; EXCEPT
                    BULLDOZER
  
                    440    174    318
                    FLOOR LAYERS, EXCEPT TILE SETTERS

                    441    495    453
                    FOREMEN

                    442    228    355
                    FORGEMEN AND HAMMERMEN

                    443    178    291
                    FURNITURE AND WOOD FINISHERS

                    444    334    323
                    FURRIERS
 
                    445    253    267
                    GLAZIERS

                    446    217    353
                    HEAT TREATERS, ANNEALERS, AND TEMPERERS

                    450    225    310
                    INSPECTORS, SCALERS, AND GRADERS; LOG AND LUMBER

                    452    410    313
                    INSPECTORS
                    453    364    375
                    JEWELERS AND WATCHMAKERS

                    454    335    464
                    JOB AND DIE SETTERS, METAL

                    455    578    508
                    LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS

                    456    450    362
                    LOCOMOTIVE FIREMEN

                    461    329    477
                    MACHINISTS

                    462    410    408
                    MACHINIST APPRENTICES

                MECHANICS AND REPAIRMEN

                    470    270    367
                    AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING, AND REFRIGERATION

                    471    480    482
                    AIRCRAFT
 
                    472    190    367
                    AUTOMOBILE BODY REPAIRMEN

                    473    190    367
                    AUTOMOBILE MECHANICS

                    474    250    408
                    AUTOMOBILE MECHANIC APPRENTICES

                    475    270    408
                    DATA PROCESSING MACHINE REPAIRMEN

                    480    270    326
                    FARM IMPLEMENT

                    481    266    328
                    HEAVY EQUIPMENT MECHANICS, INCLUDING DIESEL

                    482    270    326
                    HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCE AND ACCESSORY INSTALLERS AND
                    MECHANICS

                    483    100    304
                    LOOM FIXERS

                    484    359    338
                    OFFICE MACHINE

                    485    360    350
                    RADIO AND TELEVISION

                    486    205    356
                    RAILROAD AND CAR SHOP

                    491    340    408
                    MECHANIC, EXCEPT AUTO, APPRENTICES

                    492    265    328
                    MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICS AND REPAIRMEN

                    495    270    326
                    NOT SPECIFIED MECHANICS AND REPAIRMEN

                    501    190    252
                    MILLERS; GRAIN, FLOUR, AND FEED
 
                    502    310    403
                    MILLWRIGHTS

                    503    120    391
                    MOLDERS, METAL

                    504    330    408
                    MOLDER APPRENTICES

                    505    430    339
                    MOTION PICTURE PROJECTIONISTS

                    506    390    514
                    OPTICIANS, AND LENS GRINDERS AND POLISHERS

                    510    164    298
                    PAINTERS, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE

                    511    290    408
                    PAINTER APPRENTICES

                    512    135    275
                    PAPERHANGERS

                    514    430    387
                    PATTERN AND MODEL MAKERS, EXCEPT PAPER

                    515    611    397
                    PHOTOENGRAVERS AND LITHOGRAPHERS

                    516    380    320
                    PIANO AND ORGAN TUNERS AND REPAIRMEN

                    520    250    332
                    PLASTERERS

                    521    290    408
                    PLASTERER APPRENTICES
 
                    522    340    406
                    PLUMBERS AND PIPE FITTERS

                    523    330    408
                    PLUMBER AND PIPE FITTER APPRENTICES
 
                    525    500    388
                    POWER STATION OPERATORS
 
                    530    456    391
                    PRESSMEN AND PLATE PRINTERS, PRINTING
  
                    531    400    408
                    PRESSMAN APPRENTICES
 
                    533    220    360
                    ROLLERS AND FINISHERS, METAL
 
                    534    151    315
                    ROOFERS AND SLATERS

                    535    330    368
                    SHEETMETAL WORKERS AND TINSMITHS

                    536    330    408
                    SHEETMETAL APPRENTICES

                    540    340    355
                    SHIPFITTERS

                    542    119    326
                    SHOE REPAIRMEN

                    543    168    307
                    SIGN PAINTERS AND LETTERERS

                    545    452    329
                    STATIONARY ENGINEERS

                    546    240    317
                    STONE CUTTERS AND STONE CARVERS

                    550    334    356
                    STRUCTURAL METAL CRAFTSMEN

                    551    214    340
                    TAILORS

                    552    488    391
                    TELEPHONE INSTALLERS AND REPAIRMEN

                    554    490    392
                    TELEPHONE LINEMEN AND SPLICERS

                    560    282    384
                    TILE SETTERS

                    561    492    423
                    TOOL OR DIE MAKERS

                    562    410    408
                    TOOL AND DIE MAKER APPRENTICES

                    563    212    299
                    UPHOLSTERERS

                    571    346    408
                    SPECIFIED CRAFT APPRENTICES

                    572    390    408
                    NOT SPECIFIED APPRENTICES

                    575    253    417
                    CRAFTSMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS
 
                    580    000    000
                    FORMER MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES

                    600    000    000
                    CURRENT MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES

                OPERATIVES, EXCEPT TRANSPORT
                ----------------------------

                    601    320    284
                    ASBESTOS AND INSULATION WORKERS

                    602    172    275
                    ASSEMBLERS

                    603    110    321
                    BLASTERS AND POWDERMEN

                    604    161    235
                    BOTTLING AND CANNING OPERATIVES

                    605    250    394
                    CHAINMEN, RODMEN, AND AXMEN; SURVEYING

                    610    184    361
                    CHECKERS, EXAMINERS, AND INSPECTORS; MANUFACTURING

                    611    168    207
                    CLOTHING IRONERS AND PRESSERS

                    612    189    285
                    CUTTING OPERATIVES

                    613    224    310
                    DRESSMAKERS AND SEAMSTRESSES, EXCEPT FACTORY

                    614    216    262
                    DRILLERS, EARTH

                    615    244    363
                    DRY WALL INSTALLERS AND LATHERS

                    620    120    250
                    DYERS

                    621    187    235
                    FILERS, POLISHERS, SANDERS, AND BUFFERS

                    622    181    329
                    FURNACEMEN, SMELTERMEN, AND POURERS

                    623    179    212
                    GARAGE WORKERS AND GAS STATION ATTENDANTS

                    624    166    326
                    GRADERS AND SORTERS, MANUFACTURING

                    625    137    245
                    PRODUCE GRADERS AND PACKERS, EXCEPT FACTORY AND FARM

                    626    290    329
                    HEATERS, METAL

                    630    150    182
                    LAUNDRY AND DRY CLEANING OPERATIVES

                    631    288    320
                    MEAT CUTTERS AND BUTCHERS, EXCEPT MANUFACTURING

                    633    162    235
                    MEAT CUTTERS AND BUTCHERS, MANUFACTURING

                    634    180    194
                    MEAT WRAPPERS, RETAIL TRADE

                    635    197    302
                    METAL PLATERS

                    636    460    334
                    MILLINERS

                    640    165    264
                    MINE OPERATIVES

                    641    173    273
                    MIXING OPERATIVES

                    642    150    242
                    OILERS AND GREASERS, EXCEPT AUTO
 
                    643    181    195
                    PACKERS AND WRAPPERS, EXCEPT MEAT AND PRODUCE
 
                    644    181    288
                    PAINTERS, MANUFACTURED ARTICLES

                    645    412    355
                    PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS WORKERS

                PRECISION MACHINE OPERATIVES

                    650    220    318
                    DRILL PRESS OPERATIVES
 
                    651    219    190
                    GRINDING MACHINE OPERATIVES

                    652    216    319
                    LATHE AND MILLING MACHINE OPERATIVES

                    653    209    311
                    PRECISION MACHINE OPERATIVES

                    656    195    303
                    PUNCH AND STAMPING PRESS OPERATIVES

                    660    206    315
                    RIVETERS AND FASTENERS
 
                    661    160    337
                    SAILORS AND DECKHANDS

                    662    049    276
                    SAWYERS

                    663    182    251
                    SEWERS AND STITCHERS

                    664    092    316
                    SHOEMAKING MACHINE OPERATIVES

                    665    244    361
                    SOLDERERS

                    666    166    317
                    STATIONARY FIREMEN

                TEXTILE OPERATIVES

                    670    033    289
                    CARDING, LAPPING, AND COMBING OPERATIVES

                    671    210    294
                    KNITTERS, LOOPERS, AND TOPPERS
 
                    672    041    282
                    SPINNERS, TWISTERS, AND WINDERS

                    673    059    251
                    WEAVERS

                    674    086    288
                    TEXTILE OPERATIVES

                    680    240    401
                    WELDERS AND FLAME CUTTERS

                    681    217    336
                    WINDING OPERATIVES

                    690    190    285
                    MACHINE OPERATIVES, MISCELLANEOUS SPECIFIED

                    692    193    293
                    MACHINE OPERATIVES, NOT SPECIFIED

                    694    188    289
                    MISCELLANEOUS OPERATIVES

                    695    195    291
                    NOT SPECIFIED OPERATIVES

                TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT OPERATIVES
                ------------------------------

                    701    240    368
                    BOATMEN AND CANALMEN

                    703    240    324
                    BUS DRIVERS

                    704    325    280
                    CONDUCTORS AND MOTORMEN, URBAN RAIL TRANSIT

                    705    310    283
                    DELIVERYMEN AND ROUTEMEN

                    706    168    284
                    FORK LIFT AND TOW MOTOR OPERATIVES

                    710    030    272
                    MOTORMEN; MINE, FACTORY, LOGGING CAMP, ETC.

                    711    188    220
                    PARKING ATTENDANTS

                    712    420    347
                    RAILROAD BRAKEMEN

                    713    440    328
                    RAILROAD SWITCHMEN

                    714    100    215
                    TAXICAB DRIVERS AND CHAUFFEURS

                    715    151    321
                    TRUCK DRIVERS

                LABORERS, EXCEPT FARM
                ---------------------

                    740    175    303
                    ANIMAL CARETAKERS, EXCEPT FARM

                    750    230    000
                    CARPENTERS' HELPERS

                    751    071    174
                    CONSTRUCTION LABORERS, EXCEPT CARPENTERS' HELPERS

                    752    303    000
                    FISHERMEN AND OYSTERMEN

                    753    089    190
                    FREIGHT AND MATERIAL HANDLERS

                    754    060    173
                    GARBAGE COLLECTORS

                    755    109    221
                    GARDENERS AND GROUNDSKEEPERS, EXCEPT FARM

                    760    110    244
                    LONGSHOREMEN AND STEVEDORES

                    761    041    259
                    LUMBERMEN, RAFTSMEN, AND WOODCHOPPERS

                    762    173    207
                    STOCK HANDLERS

                    763    080    122
                    TEAMSTERS

                    764    086    185
                    VEHICLE WASHERS AND EQUIPMENT CLEANERS

                    770    083    203
                    WAREHOUSEMEN

                    780    082    191
                    MISCELLANEOUS LABORERS

                    785    083    175
                    NOT SPECIFIED LABORERS

                FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS
                -------------------------

                    801    140    407
                    FARMERS (OWNERS AND TENANTS)

                    802    360    437
                    FARM MANAGERS

                FARM LABORERS AND FARM FOREMEN
                ------------------------------

                    821    200    350
                    FARM FOREMEN

                    822    063    188
                    FARM LABORERS, WAGE WORKERS

                    823    170    185
                    FARM LABORERS, UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS

                    824    220    268
                    FARM SERVICE LABORERS, SELF-EMPLOYED
 
                SERVICE WORKERS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD

                CLEANING SERVICE WORKERS
                ------------------------

                    901    116    141
                    CHAMBERMAIDS AND MAIDS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD

                    902    098    174
                    CLEANERS AND CHARWOMEN

                    903    125    193
                    JANITORS AND SEXTONS

                FOOD SERVICE WORKERS

                    910    190    199
                    BARTENDERS

                    911    110    144
                    BUSBOYS

                    912    150    264
                    COOKS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD

                    913    110    218
                    DISHWASHERS

                    914    170    154
                    FOOD COUNTER AND FOUNTAIN WORKERS

                    915    160    203
                    WAITERS

                    916    110    208
                    FOOD SERVICE WORKERS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD

                HEALTH SERVICE WORKERS

                    921    380    478
                    DENTAL ASSISTANTS

                    922    294    405
                    HEALTH AIDES, EXCEPT NURSING

                    923    510    451
                    HEALTH TRAINEES

                    924    370    233
                    LAY MIDWIVES

                    925    135    364
                    NURSING AIDES, ORDERLIES, AND ATTENDANTS

                    926    220    419
                    PRACTICAL NURSES

                PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS

                    931    310    364
                    AIRLINE STEWARDESSES

                    932    195    164
                    ATTENDANTS, RECREATION AND AMUSEMENT

                    933    288    225
                    ATTENDANTS, PERSONAL SERVICE

                    934    079    175
                    BAGGAGE PORTERS AND BELLHOPS

                    935    170    379
                    BARBERS

                    940    300    221
                    BOARDING AND LODGING HOUSE KEEPERS

                    941    080    093
                    BOOTBLACKS

                    942    282    241
                    CHILD CARE WORKERS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD

                    943    100    209
                    ELEVATOR OPERATORS

                    944    170    332
                    HAIRDRESSERS AND COSMETOLOGISTS

                    945    310    408
                    PERSONAL SERVICE APPRENTICES

                    950    310    364
                    HOUSEKEEPERS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD

                    952    260    141
                    SCHOOL MONITORS

                    953    250    149
                    USHERS, RECREATION AND AMUSEMENT

                    954    110    144
                    WELFARE SERVICE AIDES

                PROTECTIVE SERVICE WORKERS

                    960    175    245
                    CROSSING GUARDS AND BRIDGE TENDERS

                    961    370    438
                    FIREMEN, FIRE PROTECTION

                    962    182    223
                    GUARDS AND WATCHMEN

                    963    210    458
                    MARSHALS AND CONSTABLES

                    964    404    477
                    POLICEMEN AND DETECTIVES

                    965    340    550
                    SHERIFFS AND BAILIFFS

                PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD WORKERS
                -------------------------
 
                    980    070    229
                    CHILD CARE WORKERS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD

                    981    070    180
                    COOKS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD

                    982    186    247
                    HOUSEKEEPERS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD

                    983    120    176
                    LAUNDRESSES, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD

                    984    070    180
                    MAIDS AND SERVANTS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD

                    998    000    000
                    OCCUPATION NOT KNOWN

                    999    000    000
                    OCCUPATION NOT ASCERTAINED

                    000    000    000
                    INAPPROPRIATE






>> 1970 Census Industry Code

                                 1970 CENSUS INDUSTRY NOTE

                THIS NOTE IS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH VARIABLES WHICH
                IDENTIFY THE INDUSTRY IN WHICH THE RESPONDENT, THE HEAD OF
                HOUSEHOLD, AND WIFE OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD WORK(ED).

                THE INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION SCHEME USED IN THE 1978,
                1980, AND 1982 STUDIES IS BASED ON
                THE 1970 CENSUS CODING SYSTEM, WHEREAS THE
                1972 AND 1974 STUDIES USED THE 1960 CENSUS INDUSTRIAL
                CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO
                VERSIONS IS NEGLIGIBLE AT THE LEVEL OF MAJOR CATEGORIES,
                ALTHOUGH DIFFERENCES EXIST IN THE DETAILED CODES WITHIN
                CATEGORIES.

                THE USER WHO NEEDS MORE DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT THE
                COMPARABILITY OF THE TWO CODING SYSTEMS SHOULD CONSULT:
                U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, "1970 OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY
                CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF THEIR 1960 OCCUPATION
                AND INDUSTRY ELEMENTS," BY JOHN A. PRIEBE, JOAN HEINKEL,
                AND STANLEY GREENE (TECHNICAL PAPER 26), U.S. GOVERNMENT
                PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON D.C., 1972.


                ALLOCATION CATEGORIES

                  029.  AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES -- ALLOCATED
                  058.  MINING -- ALLOCATED
                  078.  CONSTRUCTION -- ALLOCATED
                  267.  MANUFACTURING, DURABLE GOODS -- ALLOCATED
                  399.  MANUFACTURING, NONDURABLE GOODS -- ALLOCATED
                  499.  TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND OTHER PUBLIC
                        UTILITIES -- ALLOCATED
                  599.  WHOLESALE TRADE -- ALLOCATED
                  699.  RETAIL TRADE -- ALLOCATED
                  719.  FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE -- ALLOCATED
                  767.  BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES -- ALLOCATED
                  799.  PERSONAL SERVICES -- ALLOCATED
                  817.  ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES -- ALLOCATED
                  899.  PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED SERVICES -- ALLOCATED
                  947.  PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION -- ALLOCATED



                AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES
                  017.  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
                  018.  AGRICULTURAL SERVICES, EXCEPT HORTICULTURAL
                  019.  HORTICULTURAL SERVICES
                  027.  FORESTRY
                  028.  FISHERIES

                MINING
                  047.  METAL MINING
                  048.  COAL MINING
                  049.  CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS EXTRACTIONS
                  057.  NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING, EXCEPT FUEL

                CONSTRUCTION
                  067.  GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
                  068.  GENERAL CONTRACTORS, EXCEPT BUILDING
                  069.  SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
                  077.  NOT SPECIFIED CONSTRUCTION

                MANUFACTURING

                DURABLE GOODS
                        LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT FURNITURE
                  107.    LOGGING
                  108.    SAWMILLS, PLANING MILLS, AND MILL WORK
                  109.    MISCELLANEOUS WOOD PRODUCTS
                  118.  FURNITURE AND FIXTURES

                        STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
                  119.    GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS
                  127.    CEMENT, CONCRETE, GYPSUM, AND PLASTER PRODUCTS
                  128.    STRUCTURAL CLAY PRODUCTS
                  137.    POTTERY AND RELATED PRODUCTS
                  138.    MISCELLANEOUS NONMETALLIC MINERAL AND STONE
                          PRODUCTS

                        METAL INDUSTRIES
                  139.    BLAST FURNACES, STEEL WORKS, ROLLING AND FINISH-
                          ING MILLS
                  147.    OTHER PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES
                  148.    PRIMARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIES
                  149.    OTHER PRIMARY NONFERROUS INDUSTRIES
                  157.    CUTLERY, HAND TOOLS, AND OTHER HARDWARE
                  158.    FABRICATED STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS
                  159.    SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS
                  167.    METAL STAMPING
                  168.    MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
                  169.    NOT SPECIFIED METAL INDUSTRIES

                        MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
                  177.    ENGINES AND TURBINES
                  178.    FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
                  179.    CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIAL HANDLING MACHINES
                  187.    METALWORKING MACHINERY
                  188.    OFFICE AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES
                  189.    ELECTRONIC COMPUTING EQUIPMENT
                  197.    MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
                  198.    NOT SPECIFIED MACHINERY

                        ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES
                  199.    HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
                  207.    RADIO, T.V., AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
                  208.    ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES
                  209.    NOT SPECIFIED ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, AND
                          SUPPLIES

                        TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
                  219.    MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPMENT
                  227.    AIRCRAFT AND PARTS
                  228.    SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING AND REPAIRING
                  229.    RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVES AND EQUIPMENT
                  237.    MOBILE DWELLINGS AND CAMPERS
                  238.    CYCLES AND MISCELLANEOUS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

                        PROFESSIONAL AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT, AND WATCHES
                  239.    SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS
                  247.    OPTICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES SUPPLIES
                  248.    PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
                  249.    WATCHES, CLOCKS, AND CLOCKWORK-OPERATED DEVICES
                  257.    NOT SPECIFIED PROFESSIONAL EQUIPMENT
                  258.  ORDNANCE
                  259.  MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES


                NONDURABLE GOODS
                        FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
                  268.    MEAT PRODUCTS
                  269.    DAIRY PRODUCTS
                  278.    CANNING AND PRESERVING FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND
                          SEAFOODS
                  279.    GRAIN MILL PRODUCTS
                  287.    BAKERY PRODUCTS
                  288.    CONFECTIONERY AND RELATED PRODUCTS
                  289.    BEVERAGE INDUSTRIES
                  297.    MISCELLANEOUS FOOD PREPARATION AND KINDRED
                          PRODUCTS
                  298.    NOT SPECIFIED FOOD INDUSTRIES
                  299.  TOBACCO MANUFACTURES

                        TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
                  307.    KNITTING MILLS
                  308.    DYEING AND FINISHING TEXTILES, EXCEPT WOOD AND
                          KNIT GOODS
                  309.    FLOOR COVERINGS, EXCEPT HARD SURFACE
                  317.    YARN, THREAD, AND FABRIC MILLS
                  318.    MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS

                        APPAREL AND OTHER FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS
                  319.    APPAREL AND ACCESSORIES
                  327.    MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS

                        PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
                  328.    PULP, PAPER, AND PAPERBOARD MILLS
                  329.    MISCELLANEOUS PAPER AND PULP PRODUCTS
                  337.    PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES

                        PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES
                  338.    NEWSPAPER PUBLISHING AND PRINTING
                  339.    PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES,
                          EXCEPT NEWSPAPERS

                        CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
                  347.    INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
                  348.    PLASTICS, SYNTHETICS, AND RESINS, EXCEPT FIBERS
                  349.    SYNTHETIC FIBERS
                  357.    DRUGS AND MEDICINES
                  358.    SOAPS AND COSMETICS
                  359.    PAINTS, VARNISHES AND RELATED PRODUCTS
                  367.    AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
                  368.    MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALS
                  369.    NOT SPECIFIED CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

                        PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
                  377.    PETROLEUM REFINING
                  378.    MISCELLANEOUS PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS

                        RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTIC PRODUCTS
                  379.    RUBBER PRODUCTS
                  387.    MISCELLANEOUS PLASTIC PRODUCTS

                        LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
                  388.    TANNED, CURRIED, AND FINISHED LEATHER
                  389.    FOOTWEAR EXCEPT RUBBER
                  397.    LEATHER PRODUCTS, EXCEPT FOOTWEAR
                  398.  NOT SPECIFIED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES


                TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES

                TRANSPORTATION
                  407.  RAILROADS AND RAILWAY EXPRESS SERVICE
                  408.  STREET RAILWAYS AND BUS LINES
                  409.  TAXICAB SERVICE
                  417.  TRUCKING SERVICE
                  418.  WAREHOUSING AND STORAGE
                  419.  WATER TRANSPORTATION
                  427.  AIR TRANSPORTATION
                  428.  PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS
                  429.  SERVICES INCIDENTAL TO TRANSFORMATION

                COMMUNICATIONS
                  447.  RADIO BROADCASTING AND TELEVISION
                  448.  TELEPHONE (WIRE AND RADIO)
                  449.  TELEGRAPH AND MISCELLANEOUS COMMUNICATION SERVICES

                UTILITIES AND SANITARY SERVICES
                  467.  ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER
                  468.  ELECTRIC GAS UTILITIES
                  469.  GAS AND STEAM SUPPLY SYSTEMS
                  477.  WATER SUPPLY
                  478.  SANITARY SERVICES
                  479.  OTHER AND NOT SPECIFIED UTILITIES

                WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

                WHOLESALE TRADE
                  507.  MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT
                  508.  DRUGS, CHEMICALS, AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
                  509.  DRY GOODS AND APPAREL
                  527.  FOOD AND RELATED PRODUCTS
                  528.  FARM PRODUCTS -- RAW MATERIALS
                  529.  ELECTRICAL GOODS
                  537.  HARDWARE, PLUMBING, AND HEATING SUPPLIES
                  538.  NOT SPECIFIED ELECTRICAL AND HARDWARE PRODUCTS
                  539.  MACHINERY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
                  557.  METALS AND MINERALS
                  558.  PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
                  559.  SCRAP AND WASTE MATERIALS
                  567.  ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
                  568.  PAPER AND ITS PRODUCTS
                  569.  LUMBER AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
                  587.  WHOLESALERS
                  588.  NOT SPECIFIED WHOLESALE TRADE

                RETAIL TRADE
                  655.  LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIAL RETAILING
                  608.  HARDWARE AND FARM EQUIPMENT STORES
                  609.  DEPARTMENT AND MAIL ORDER ESTABLISHMENTS
                  617.  LIMITED PRICE VARIETY STORES
                  618.  VENDING MACHINE OPERATORS
                  619.  DIRECT SELLING ESTABLISHMENTS
                  627.  MISCELLANEOUS GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
                  628.  GROCERY STORES
                  629.  DAIRY PRODUCTS STORES
                  637.  RETAIL BAKERIES
                  638.  FOOD STORES
                  639.  MOTOR VEHICLE DEALERS
                  647.  TIRE, BATTERY, AND ACCESSORY DEALERS
                  648.  GASOLINE SERVICE STATIONS
                  649.  MISCELLANEOUS VEHICLE DEALERS
                  657.  APPAREL AND ACCESSORIES STORES, EXCEPT SHOE STORES
                  658.  SHOE STORES
                  667.  FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS STORES
                  668.  HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES, TV, AND RADIO STORES
                  669.  EATING AND DRINKING PLACES
                  677.  DRUG STORES
                  678.  LIQUOR STORES
                  679.  FARM AND GARDEN SUPPLY STORES
                  687.  JEWELRY STORES
                  688.  FUEL AND ICE DEALERS
                  689.  RETAIL FLORISTS
                  697.  MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL STORES
                  698.  NOT SPECIFIED RETAIL TRADE

                FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
                  707.  BANKING
                  708.  CREDIT AGENCIES
                  709.  SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERAGE, AND INVESTMENT
                        COMPANIES
                  717.  INSURANCE
                  718.  REAL ESTATE, INCLUDING REAL ESTATE INSURANCE LAW
                        OFFICES


                BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES

                  727.  ADVERTISING
                  728.  SERVICES TO DWELLINGS AND OTHER BUILDINGS
                  729.  COMMERCIAL RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND TESTING LABS
                  737.  EMPLOYMENT AND TEMPORARY HELP AGENCIES
                  738.  BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND CONSULTING SERVICES
                  739.  COMPUTER PROGRAMMING SERVICES
                  747.  DETECTIVE AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES
                  748.  BUSINESS SERVICES
                  749.  AUTOMOBILE SERVICES, EXCEPT REPAIR
                  757.  AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND RELATED SERVICES
                  758.  ELECTRICAL REPAIR SHOPS
                  759.  MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES

                PERSONAL SERVICES
                  769.  PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS
                  777.  HOTELS AND MOTELS
                  778.  LODGING PLACES, EXCEPT HOTELS AND MOTELS
                  779.  LAUNDERING, CLEANING, AND OTHER GARMENT SERVICES
                  787.  BEAUTY SHOPS
                  788.  BARBER SHOPS
                  789.  SHOE REPAIR SHOPS
                  797.  DRESSMAKING SHOPS
                  798.  MISCELLANEOUS PERSONAL SERVICES

                ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES
                  807.  THEATERS AND MOTION PICTURES
                  808.  BOWLING ALLEYS, BILLIARD AND POOL PARLORS
                  809.  MISCELLANEOUS ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES

                PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED SERVICES
                  828.  OFFICES OF PHYSICIANS
                  829.  OFFICES OF DENTISTS
                  837.  OFFICES OF CHIROPRACTORS
                  838.  HOSPITALS
                  839.  CONVALESCENT INSTITUTIONS
                  847.  OFFICES OF HEALTH PRACTITIONERS
                  848.  HEALTH SERVICES
                  849.  LEGAL SERVICES
                  857.  ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS
                  858.  COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
                  859.  LIBRARIES
                  867.  EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
                  868.  NOT SPECIFIED EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
                  869.  MUSEUMS, ART GALLERIES, AND ZOOS
                  877.  RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS
                  878.  WELFARE SERVICES
                  879.  RESIDENTIAL WELFARE FACILITIES
                  887.  NONPROFIT MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS
                  888.  ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES
                  889.  ACCOUNTING, AUDITING, AND BOOKKEEPING SERVICES
                  897.  MISCELLANEOUS PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED SERVICES

                PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
                  907.  POSTAL SERVICE
                  917.  FEDERAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
                  927.  STATE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
                  937.  LOCAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
                  999.  INDUSTRY NOT REPORTED
                  000.  INAP.





>> CITIES WITH POPULATION OF 25,000 OR More Revised 7/82

This list was developed from the 1973 World Almanac and Book of Facts, pp.
152188 (1970 population figurer).

The first four digits are a unique code number for each city.

The fifth digit in the urbanicity code for each city, as used in the
1971 quality of Life study (468110).


1 = city of over 1,000,000
2 = city of over 25,000 and up to 250,000 in an SMSA of 1,000,000
    or more
3 = city of under 25,000 in an SHEA of 1,000,000 or more
4 = city of over 250,000 and up to 1,000,000
5 = city of over 50,000 and up to 250,000 not in SMSA of 1,000,000
    or more
6 = city of 50,000 or less not in SMSA of 1,000,000 or more
9 = NA


* Place added in 1982 (having population of 25,000+ in 1980 census) coded on
basis of 1970 status in area. (see example Chandler, Arizona-it's SMSA was not
over one million in 1970, so coded 6 here. This was done to avoid glaring
inconsistencies in adjacent areas. The areas affected by this decision are the
four places where the population of the SMSA topped the one million mark
between 1970 and 1980 (Phoenix, Arizona; San Antonio, Texas; Ft
Lauderdale/Hollywood, Florida; Sacramento, California).

            (141)ALABAMA 

            0001 6. Anniston                          0008 5. Huntsville
           *0015 6. Auburn                            0009 5. Mobile
            0002 6. Bessemer                          0010 5. Montgomery
            0003 4. Birmingham                        0011 6. Phenix City
            0004 6. Decatur                           0012 6. Prichard
            0005 6. Dothan                            0013 6. Selma 
            0006 6. Florence                          0014 5. Tuscaloosa
            0007 5. Gadsden

           (180)ALASKA   

           0100 6. Anchorage

           (161)ARIZONA       
   
          *0208 6. Chandler                                 0204 5. Scottsdale
           0200 6. Flagstaff                               *0209 6. Sun City
           0201 6. Glendale                                 0205 5. Tempe
           0202 5. Mesa                                     0206 4. Tucson
           0203 4. Phoenix                                  0207 6. Yuma

           (142)ARKANSAS

           0300 6. Blytheville                      0305 6. Jonesboro
           0301 6. El Dorado                        0306 5. Little Rock
          
           0302 6. Fayetteville                      0307 5. North Little Rock
           0303 5. Fort Smith                       0308 5. Pine Bluff
           0304 6. Hot Springs                      0309 5. West Memphis
          *0310 6. Jacksonville


           (171)CALIFORNIA
        
           0400 2.  Alameda                   0474 5.  Modesto
           0401 2.  Alhambra                  0475 2.  Monrovia
           0402 2.  Altadena                  0476 2.  Montebello
           0403 2.  Anaheim                   0477 6.  Monterey 
           0404 2.  Antioch                   0478 2.  Monterey Park
           0405 2.  Arcadia                   0479 2.  Mountain View
           0406 5.  Arden-Arcade              0480 6.  Napa
           0407 2.  Azusa                     0481 2.  National City
           0408 5.  Bakersfleld               0482 2.  Newark
           0409 2.  Baldwin Park              0483 2.  Newport Beach
          *0557 2.  Bell                      0484 6.  North Highlands
           0410 2.  Bellflower                0485 2.  Norwalk
           0411 2.  Bell Gardens              0486 2.  Novato
           0412 2.  Belmont                   0487 4.  Oakland
           0413 2.  Berkley                   0488 2.  Oceanside
           0414 2.  Beverly Hills
           0489 2.  Ontario                  *0558 2.  Brea
           0490 2.  Orange                    0415 2.  Buena Park 
           0491 5.  Oxnard
           0416 2.  Burbank                   0492 2.  Pacifica
           0417 2.  Burlingame               *0576 2.  Palm Springs
          *0559 6.  Camarillo                 0493 2.  Palo Alto
           0418 2.  Campbell                  0494 2.  Palos Verdes Peninsula
          *0560 2.  Carlsbad                  0495 2.  Paramount
           0419 6.  Carmichael                0496 6.  Parkway-Sacramento
                                                         South 
           0420 2.  Carson                    0497 2.  Pasadena
           0421 2.  Castro Valley             0498 6.  Petaluma
          *0561 2.  Cerritos                  0499 2.  Pico Rivera
          *0562 6.  Chico                    *0577 2.  Pittsburg
          *0563 2.  Chino                    *0578 2.  Placentia
           0422 2.  Chula Vista               0500 2.  Pleasant Hill
          *0564 6.  Citrus Heights           *0579 2.  Pleasanton
           0423 2.  Claremont                 0501 2.  Pomona
          *0565 6.  Clovis                   *0580 2.  Poway
           0424 2.  Compton                   0502 6.  Rancho Cordova
           0425 2.  Concord                  *0581 2.  Rancho Cucamonga
           0426 2.  Corona                   *0582 2.  Rancho Palos Verdes
           0427 2.  Costa Mesa               *0583 6.  Redding 
           0428 2.  Covina                    0503 2.  Redlands 
           0429 2.  Culver City               0504 2.  Redondo Beach  
          *0566 2.  Cupertino                 0505 2.  Redwood City
           0430 2.  Cypress                   0506 2.  Rialto 
           0431 2.  Daly City                 0507 2.  Richmond 
          *0567 2.  Danville                  0508 2.  Riverside 
           0432 6.  Davis                     0509 2.  Rosemead 
          *0568 2.  Diamond Bar              *0584 2.  Rowland Heights
           0433 2.  Downey                    0510 4.  Sacramento
           0434 2.  East Los Angeles          0511 5.  Salinas
           0435 2.  El Cajon                  0512 2.  San Bernardino
           0436 2.  El Cerrito                0513 2.  San Bruno
           0437 2.  El Monte                  0514 2.  San Carlos
          *0569 2.  El Toro                  *0585 2.  San Clemente
           0438 2.  Escondido                 0515 4.  San Diego
           0439 6.  Eureka                    0516 4.  San Francisco
           0440 6.  Fairfield                 0517 2.  San Gabriel
           0441 2.  Florence-Graham           0518 4.  San Jose
          *0570 2.  Fontana                   0519 2.  San Leandro
           0442 2.  Fountain Valley           0520 2.  San Lorenzo
           0443 2.  Fremont                   0521 6.  San Luis Obispo
           0444 5.  Fresno                    0522 2.  San Mateo
           0445 2.  Fullerton                 0523 2.  San Rafael
           0446 2.  Gartena                   0524 2.  Santa Ana
           0447 2.  Garden Grove              0525 5.  Santa Barbara
           0448 2.  Glendale                  0526 2.  Santa Clara
           0449 2.  Glendora                  0527 6.  Santa Cruz
           0450 2.  Hacienda Heights          0528 6.  Santa Maria
           0451 2.  Hawthorne                 0529 2.  Santa Monica
           0452 2.  Hayward                   0530 5.  Santa Rosa
           0453 2.  Huntington Beach         *0586 2.  Santee
           0454 2.  Huntington Park           0531 2.  Saratoga
           0455 2.  Inglewood                 0532 2.  Seal Beach
          *0571 2.  Irvine                    0533 6.  Seaside
          *0572 2.  Laguna Hills              0534 5.  Simi Valley
           0456 2.  La Habra                  0535 2.  South Gate
           0457 2.  Lakewood                  0536 2.  South San Francisco
           0458 2.  La Mesa
           0537 2.  South Whittier            0459 2.  La Mirada
           0538 2.  Spring Valley             0460 2  Lancaster
           0539 5.  Stockton
           0461 2.  La Puente                 0540 2.  Sunnyvale
           0462 2.  Lawndale                  0541 2. Temple City
           0463 2.  Livermore                 0542 6.  Thousand Oaks
           0464 6.  Lodi
           0543 2.  Torrance                  0465 6.  Lompoc
          *0587 6.  Turlock                   0466 4.  Long Beach
          *0588 2.  Tustin
           0467 2.  Los Altos                 0544 2. Tustin-Foothills
           0468 1.  Los Angeles              *0589 2.  Union City
           0469 2.  Los Gatos                 0545 2.  Upland
           0470 2.  Lyawood                  *0590 6. Vacaville
           0471 2.  Manhattan Beach           0546 5. Vallejo
          *0473 6.  Manteca                   0547 5. Ventura
           0472 2.  Menlo Park                0548 6.  Visalia
          *0574 6.  Merced                    0549 2.  Vista
           0473 2.  Milpitas                  0550 2. Walnut Creek
          *0575 2.  Mission Viejo
           0551 2.  West Covina
           0552 2.  West Hollywood
           0553 2.  Westminster
           0554 9.  Westmont
           0555 2.  Whittier
           0556 2.  Willowbrook
          *0591 6.  Woodland
          *0592 2.  Yorba Linda

           (162)COLORADO

           0600 2. Arvada                               0609 2. Littleton
           0601 2. Aurora                              *0614 2. Longmont
           0602 2. Boulder                             *0615 6. Loveland
           0603 5. Colorado Springs                     0610 9. North Glenn
           0604 4. Denver                               0611 5. Pueblo
           0605 2. Englewood                           *0616 2. South Glenn
           0606 6. Fort Collins                        *0617 2. Thornton
          *0613 6. Grand Junction                      *0618 2. Westminster
           0607 6. Greeley
           0612 2. Wheat Ridge
           0608 2. Lakewood

           (101)CONNECTICUT

           0700 5. Bridgeport --Jet                     0717 6. Newington
           0701 5. Bristol                              0718 6. New London
           0702 5. Danbury                              0719 5. Norwalk
           0703 5. East Hartford                        0720 6. Norwich
           0704 6. East Haven                           0721 6. Shelton
           0705 6. Enfield                              0722 6. Southington
           0706 5. Fairfield                            0723 5. Stamford
           0707 5. Greenwich                            0724 6. Stratford
           0708 6. Groton                               0725 6. Torrington
           0709 6. Harden                               0726 6. Trumball
           0710 5. Hartford                             0727 6. Vernon 
           0711 6. Mancheater                           0728 6. Wallingford
           0712 5. Meriden                              0729 5. Waterbury 
           0713 6. Middletown                            0730 5. West Hartford
           0714 5. Milford                              0731 5. West Haven
          *0734 6. Naugatuck                            0732 6. Westport 
           0715 5. New Britain                          0733 6. Wetherafield
           0716 5. New Haven                           *0735 6. Windsor

          (111)DELAWARE

         *0801 6. Newark                                0800 5. Wilmington

          (155)DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

          0900 4. Washington

          (143)FLORIDA

        1000 6. Boca Raton                          1017 6. Merritt Island
       *1032 6. Boynton Beach                       1018 4. Miami
       *1033 6. Bradenton                           1019 2. Miami Beach
       *1034 6. Cape Coral                         *1046 6. Miramar
        1001 2. Carol City
        1020 2. North Miami
        1002 2. Clearwater                          1021 2. North Miami Beach
        1003 2. Coral Gables                       *1047 6. Ocala
       *1035 6. Coral Springs                      *1048 2. Olympia Heights
        1004 6. Daytona Beach                       1022 5. Orlando
       *1036 6. Deerfield Beach                     1023 6. Panama City
       *1037 6. Delray Beach                       *1049 6. Pembroke Pines
       *1038 2. Dunedin
        1024 5. Pensacola                           1005 5. Fort Lauderdale
       *1050 6. Pine Hills
        1007 6. Fort Myers                         *1051 2. Pinellas Park
        1008 6. Fort Pierce                        *1052 6. Plantation
        1009 5. Gainesville
        1025 6. Pompano Beach                      *1039 6. Hallandale
       *1053 6. Port Charlotte
        1010 2. Hialeah                            *1054 6. Riviera Beach
        1011 5. Hollywood                           1026 2. St. Petersburg
        1012 4. Jacksonville
        1027 6. Sarasota                           *1040 2. Kendale Lakes
       *1055 6. Sunrise                             1013 2. Kendall
        1028 5. Tallahassee
        1014 6. Key West                           *1056 2. Tamarac
        1015 6. Lakeland                            1029 4. Tampa
       *1041 6. Lake Worth                          1030 6. Titusville
       *1042 2. Largo                              *1057 2. Town n' Country
       *1043 6. Lauderdale Lakes
       *1058 2. Westchester                        *1044 6. Lauderhill

       *1059 2. West Little River                  *1045 6. Margate
        1031 5. West Palm Beach
        1016 6. Melbourne

          (144) GEORGIA

          1100 5. Albany                                1108 2. Marietta
          1101 6. Athens                               *1115 2. North Atlanta
          1102 4. Atlanta                               1109 6. Rome 
          1103 5. Augusta                              *1116 2. Sandy Springs
         *1113 2. Candler-McAfee                        1110 5. Savannah 
          1104 5. Columbus                              *1117 6. South Augusta 
          1105 2. East Point                           *1118 2. Tucker 
          1106 6. Fort Benning                          1111 6. Valdosta
         *1114 2. Mableton                              1112 6. Warner Robins 
          1107 5. Macon


          (181) HAWAII

         *1205 6. Aiea                                  1203 6. Panoehe
          1200 6. Hilo                                 *1206 6. Pearl City
          1201 4. Honolulu                              1204 6. Wiapahu
          1202 6. Kailua

          (163) IDAHO
          1300 5. Boise City                           *1304 6. Nampa
          1301 6. Idaho Falls                           1303 6. Pocatello
          1302 6. Lewiston                             *1305 6. Twin Falls

          (121) ILLINOIS

          1400 2. Addison                            *1466 2. Hoffman Estates
          1401 2. Alton                               1431 2. Joliet
          1402 2. Arlington Heights                   1432 6. Kankakee
          1403 2. Aurora                              1433 2. Lansing
          1404 2. Belleville                          1434 2. Lombard
          1405 2. Berwyn                              1435 2. Maywood
          1406 6. Bloomington                         1436 6. Moline
         *1461 2. Bolingbrook                         1437 2. Morton Grove
          1407 2. Burbank
          1438 2. Mount Prospect
          1408 2. Calumet City                        *1467 2. Naperville
         *1462 6. Carbondale                           1439 2. Niles
          1409 2. Carpentereville                      1440 6. Normal
          1410 5. Champaign                            1441 2. Northbrook 
          1411 1. Chicago                              1442 2. North Chicago
          1412 2. Chicago Heights                     *1468 2. Oak Forest
          1413 2. Cicero                               1443 2. Oak Lawn
          1414 6. Danville                             1444 2. Oak Park
          1415 5. Decatur                              1445 2. Palatine
         *1463 6. DeKalb                               1446 2. Park Forest
          1416 2. Des Plaines                          1447 2. Park Ridge
          1417 2. Dolton                               1448 6. Pekin 
          1418 2. Downers Grove                        1449 5. Peoria
          1419 2. East St. Louis                       1450 6. Quincy
          1420 2. Elgin                                1451 6. Rantoul
         *1464 2. Elk Grove                            1452 5. Rockford
          1421 2. Elmhurst                             1453 5. Rock Island
          1422 2. Elmwood Park                        *1469 2. Shaumburg
          1423 2. Evanston                             1454 2. Skokie
          1424 2. Evergreen Park                      *1470 2. South Holland
          1425 6. Freeport                             1455 5. Springfield
          1426 6. Galesburg                           *1471 2. Tinley Park
          1427 2. Glenview                             1456 6. Urbana
          1428 2. Granite City                         1457 2. Villa Park
         *1465 2. Hanover Park                         1458 2. Waukegan
          1429 2. Harvey                               1459 2. Wheaton
          1430 2. Highland Park                        1460 2. Wilmette


          (122) INDIANA 

          1500 5. Anderson                             1512 6. Lafayette
          1501 6. Bloomington                         *1521 2. Lawerence
          1502 6. Columbus                             1513 6. Marion
          1503 2. East Chicago                        *1522 2. Merrillville
          1504 6. Elkhart                              1514 6. Michigan City
          1505 5. Evansville                           1515 6. Mishawaka
          1506 5. Fort Wayne                           1516 5. Muncie
          1507 2. Gary                                 1517 6. New Albany
          1508 2. Hammond                             *1523 2. Portage
          1509 2. Highland                             1518 6. Richmond
          1510 4. Indianapolis                         1519 5. South Bend
          1511 6. Kokomo                               1520 5. Terre Haute

 
          (131) IOWA

         1600 6. Ames                    1608 5. Dubuque
         *1616 6. Bettendorf             1609 6. Fort Dodge
         1601 6. Burlington        
         1610 6. Iowa City               1602 6. Cedar Falls
         1611 6. Marshalltown            1603 5. Cedar Rapids
         1612 6. Mason City              1604 6. Clinton
         1613 6. Ottawa              
         1605 5. Council Bluffs          1614 5. Sioux City
         1606 5. Davenport               1615 5. Waterloo
         1607 5. Des Moines  

          (151) KENTUCKY

         1800 6. Ashland                 1804 5. Lexington-Fayette
         1801 6. Bowling Green           1805 4. Louisville
         1802 2. Covington
         1806 2. Newport
         l8O3 6. Fort Knox               1808 6  Paducah
        *1812 6. Henderson               1809 6. Pleasure Ridge Park
        *1813 6. Hopkinsville
         1810 6. Valley Station 

          (145) LOUISIANA

          1900 6. Alexandria                           1907 5. Lake Charles
          1901 5. Baton Rouge                          1908 2. Marrero
          1902 6. Bossier City                         1909 2. Metalrie
         *1914 2. Chalmette                            1910 5. Monroe
          1903 2. Gretna                               1911 6. New Iberia
          1904 6. Houma                                1912 4. New Orleans
          1905 2. Kenner                               1913 5. Shreveport
          1906 5. Lafayette                           *1915 2. Slidell  

          (102) MAINE

          2000 6. Auburn                               2002 6. Lewiston
          2001 6. Bangor                               2003 5. Portland


          (132) KANSAS

         *1710 6. Emporia                            1705 2. Overland Park
          1700 6. Hutchinson                         1706 2. Prairie Village
          1701 2. Kansas City                        1707 6. Salina
          1702 6. Lawrence                          *1712 2. Shawnee
          1703 6. Leavenworth                        1708 5. Topeka
          1704 6. Manhattan                          1709 4. Witchita
         *1711 2. Olathe

       (152) MARYLAND 

          2100 2. Annapolis                     2111 6. Hagerstown
         *2123 2. Aspen Hill                    2112 9. Hillerest Heights
          2101 4. Baltimore                    *2127 2. Lochearn 
          2102 2. Bethesda                      2113 2. Lutherville-Timonium
          2103 2. Bowie                         2114 2. Parkville
          2104 2. Catonsville                   2115 2. Pikesville
          2105 2. Chillum                      *2130 2. Potomac
          2106 2. College Park                  2116 2. Randallstown
         *2124 2. Columbia                      2117 2. Rockville
          2107 6. Cumberland                   *2131 2. Security
          2108 2. Dundalk                       2118 2. Silver Spring
          2109 2. Essex                         2119 2. Suitland-Silver Hill
         *2125 6. Frederick                     2120 2. Towson
          2126 2. Gaithersburg                  2121 2. Wheaton-Glenmont
          2110 2. Glen Burnie

          (103) MASSACHUSETTS
                      
         *2260 6. Agawam                        2230 6. Marlborough
          2200 6. Amherst                       2231 2. Medford
          2201 6. Andover                       2232 2. Melrose
          2202 2. Arlington                     2233 6. Methuen
          2203 6. Attleboro                     2234 2. Milton
         *2261 6. Barnstable                    2235 2. Natick
          2204 2. Belmont                       2236 2. Needham
          2205 2. Beverly                       2237 5. New Bedford
          2206 6. Bilerica                      2238 2. Newton
          2207 4. Boston                        2239 6. Northampton
          2208 2. Braintree                     2240 2. Norwood 
          2209 5. Brockton                      2241 2. Peabody
          2210 2. Brookline                     2242 5. Pittsfield
          2211 2. Cambridge                    *2262 6. Plymouth
          2212 6. Chelmsford                    2243 2. Quincy
          2213 2. Chelaea                       2244 2. Randolph
          2214 5. Chicopee                      2245 2. Revere
          2215 2. Danvers                       2246 2. Salem
          2216 2. Dedham                        2247 2. Saugua
          2217 2. Everett                       2248 2. Somerville
          2218 5. Fall River                    2249 5. Springfield
          2219 6. Fitchburg                    *2263 2. Stoughton
          2220 2. Framingham                    2250 6. Tauton
          2221 6. Gloucester                    2251 2. Wakefield
          2222 6. Haverhill                     2252 2. Waltham
          2223 5. Holyoke                       2253 2. Watertown
          2224 5. Lawrence                      2254 2. Wellesley
          2225 6. Leominster                    2255 6. Westfield
          2226 2. Lexington                     2256 6. West Springfield
          2227 5. Lowell                        2257 2. Weymouth
          2228 5. Lynn                          2258 2. Hoburn
          2229 2. Maiden                        2259 5. Worcester

          (123) MICHIGAN

          2300 2. Allen Park                   2322 2. Livonia
          2301 5. Ann Arbor                    2323 2. Madison Heights
         *2345 2. Avon Twp                     2324 6. Midland
          2302 6. Battle Creek                 2325 6. Muskegon
          2303 6. Bay City                     2326 2. Oak Park
          2304 2. Birmingham                   2327 2. Pontiac
         *2346 2. Bloomfield Twp               2328 6. Portage
         *2347 6. Burton                       2329 6. Port Huron
         *2348 2. Clinton Twp                 *2351 2. Redford Twp
          2305 2. Dearborn                    *2352 2. Romulus
          2306 2. Dearborn Heights             2330 2. Roseville
          2307 1. Detroit                      2331 2. Royal Oak
          2308 2. East Detroit                 2332 5. Saginaw
          2309 6. East Lansing                 2333 2. St. Clair Shores
         *2349 2. Farmington Hills             2334 2  Southfield
          2310 2. Ferndale                     2335 2  Southgate
          2311 5. Flint                        2336 2. Sterling Heights
          2312 2. Garden City                  2337 2. Taylor
          2313 5. Grand Rapids                 2338 2. Trenton
          2314 2. Hamtramick                   2339 2. Troy
          2315 2. Highland Park                2340 2. Warren
          2316 6. Holland                     *2353 2. Waterford
          2317 2. Inkster                     *2354 2. West Bloomfield Twp
          2318 6. Jackson                      2341 2. Westland
          2319 5. Kalamazoo                    2342 2. Wyandotte
         *2350 6. Kentwood                     2343 5. Wyoming
          2320 5. Lansing                      2344 6. Ypsilanti
          2321 2. Lincoln Park

          (146) MISSISSIPPI

          2500 6. Biloxi                       2505 5. Jackson
          2501 6. Columbus                     2506 6. Laurel
          2502 6. Greenville                   2507 6. Neridian
          2503 6. Gulfport                     2508 6. Pascagoula
          2504 6. Hattiesburg                  2509 6. Vicksburg


          (134) MISSOURI

          2600 2. Affton                         2610 2. Kirkwood
         *2620 2. Blue Springs                  *2622 2. Lee's Summit
          2601 6. Cape Girardeau                 2611 2. Lemay
          2602 5. Columbia                       2612 2. Overland
          2603 2. Ferguson                       2613 2. Raytown
          2604 2. Florissant                     2614 2. St. Charles
          2605 6. Fort Leonard Wood              2615 5. St. Joseph
         *2621 2. Gladstone                      2616 4. St. Louis
          2606 2. Independence                   2617 5. Springfield
          2607 6. Jefferson City                 2618 2. University City
          2608 4. Joplin                         2619 2. Webster Groves
          2609 4. Kansas City

          (133) MINNESOTA

          2400 6. Austin                         2411 9. Maplewood
         *2423 2. Blaine                         2412 4. Minneapolis
          2401 2. Bloomington                    2413 2. Minnetonka
          2402 2. Brooklyn Center                2414 6. Moorhead
          2403 6. Brooklyn Park                 *2425 2. Plymouth
         *2424 2. Burnsville                     2415 2. Richfield
          2404 2. Coon Rapids                    2416 5. Rochester
          2405 2. Crystal                        2417 2. Roseville
          2406 5. Duluth                         2418 6. St. Cloud
          2407 2. Edina                          2419 2. St. Louis Park
          2408 2. Fridley                        2420 4. St. Paul
          2409 2. Golden Valley                  2421 2. South St. Paul
          2410 6. Mankato                        2422 6. Winona


          (164) MONTANA

          2700 5.Billings                        2701 5.Great Falls
         *2703 6.Butte-Silver Bow                2702 6.Missoula
 
          (135) NEBRASKA

          2800 6. Grand Island                   2802 4. Omaha
          2801 5. Lincoln


          (165) NEVADA 
                              
         *2905 6. Carwn City                     2903 5. Reno
          2900 5. Las Vegas                      2904 6. Sparka
          2901 6. North Laa Vegas
         *2906 6. Sunriae Manor
          2902 6. Paradiae


          (104) NEW HAMPSHIRE

          3000 6. Concord                     3002 5. Nashua
          3001 5. Manchester                  3003 6. Portsmouth

          (112) NEW JERSEY

          3100 6. Atlantic City               3132 5. Middletown Twp.
  
          3101 2. Bayonne                     3133 2. Montclair   
          3102 2. Belleville                  3134 5. Neptune Twp.
          3103 2. Bergenfield                 3135 6. Newark 
          3104 2. Bloomfield
          3136 2. New Brunswick 
          3105 6. Brick Twp.                  3137 9. New Hanover
          3106 2. Camden                      3138 2. North Bergen Twp.
          3107 2. Cherry Hill Twp.
          3139 2. Nutley                      3108 2. Clifton
          3140 2. Old Bridge
          3109 2. Cranford Twp.               3141 2. Orange
          3110 2. Deptford Twp.               3142 2. Paramus
          3111 2. East Brunswick Twp.        *3153 2. Paraippany - Troy Hills
          3112 2. East Orange                 3143 2 Passaic
          3113 2. Etison T'wp                 3144 2. Paterson
          3114 2. Elizabeth                   3145 2. Pennsauken Twp
          3115 2. Englewood                   3146 2. Perth Amboy
          3116 9. Ewing Twp.                  3147 2. Piscataway Twp.
          3117 2. Fair Lawn                   3148 2. Plainfield
          3118 6. Fort Dix                    3149 2. Rahway
          3119 2. Fort Lee                    3150 2. Ridgewood
          3120 2. Garfield                    3151 2. Sayreville
          3121 2. Hackeneack                  3152 2. Teaneck Twp.
          3122 2. Hoboken                     3153 5. Trenton
          3123 2. Irvington                   3154 2. Union Twp.
          3124 4. Jersey City                 3155 2. Union City
          3125 2. Kearny                      3156 6. Vineland 
          3126 2. Linden                      3157 2. Wayne Twp.
          3127 2. Livingston Twp              3158 2. Westfield
          3128 2. Lodi                        3159 2. West New York
          3129 6. Long Branch                 3160 5. West Orange
          3130 2. Maplewood Twp.              3161 2. Willingboro Twp.
          3131 2. Mercerville-Hamilton Sq.    3162 2. Woodbridge Twp.

          (166) HEW MEXICO

          3200 5. Albuquerque                 3203 6. Las Cruces
         *3207 6. Carlabat                    3204 6. Roswell
          3201 6. Clovis                      3205 6. Santa Fe
         *3208 6. Farmington                  3206 6. South Valley
          3202 6. Hobbs

          (113) NEW YORK
      
          3300 5. Albany                     3327 2. Long Beach
          3301 6. Amsterdam                  3328 2. Massapaqua
          3302 6. Auburn                     3329 2. Merrick
          3303 2. Baldwin                    3330 2. Mount Vernon
          3304 5. Binghamton                 3331 6. Newvurgh
          3305 2. Brentwood                  3332 2. New City
         *3354 6. Brighton                   3333 2. New Rochelle
          3306 4. Buffalo                    3334 1. New York
         *3355 2. Centereach                 3335 2. Niagra Falls
          3307 2. Central Islip              3336 2. North Babylon
         *3356 2. Cheektowaga               *3360 2. North Bay Shore
          3308 2. Cossack                    3337 2. North Tonawanda
          3309 2. Deer Park                  3338 2. Oceanside
         *3357 2. Dix Hills                  3339 2. Plainview
          3310 2. East Meadow                3340 2. Port Chester
          3311 6. Elmira                     3341 6. Poughkeepsie
          3312 2. Elmont                     3342 4. Rochester
          3313 2. Franklin Square            3343 2. Rockville Centre
          3314 2. Freeport                   3344 5. Rome
          3315 2. Garden City                3345 6. Rotterdam
          3316 2. Glen Cove                  3346 5. Schenectady
          3317 2. Hempstead                 *3361 2. Smithtown
          3318 2. Hicksville                 3347 5. Syracuse
          3319 2. Huntington Station         3362 2. Tonawanda
         *3358 6. Irondeqoit                 3348 5. Troy
          3320 6. Ithaca                     3349 5. Utica
          3321 6. Jamestown                  3350 2. Valley Stream
          3322 6. Kingston                   3351 6. Watertown
          3323 2. Lackawanna                *3363 2. West Babylon
         *3359 2. Lake Ronkonkoma           *3364 2. West Islip
          3324 2. Levittown                 *3365 2. West Seneca
          3325 2. Lindenhurst                3352 2. White Plains
          3326 2. Lockport                   3353 2.  Yonkers 

          (147) NORTH CAROLINA

          3400 5. Asheville                  3410 5. Greensboro
          3401 6. Burlington                 3411 6. Greenville
          3402 6. Camp Lejeune               3412 5. High Point
          3403 6. Chapel Hill                3413 6. Rannapolis
          3404 5. Charlotte                  3414 5. Raleigh
          3405 5. Durham                     3415 6. Rocky Mount
          3406 5. Fayetteville               3416 6. Wilmington
          3407 6. Fort Bragg                 3417 6. Wilson
          3408 6. Gastonia                   3418 5. Winston-Salem
          3409 6. Goldaboro                 *3419 6. Winston

          (136) NORTH DAKOTA
 
          3500 6. Bismarck                   3502 6. Grand Forks
          3501 5. Fargo                       3503 6. Minot


          (124) OHIO 

          3600 4. Akron                      3624 6. Lancaster
          3601 6. Alliance                   3625 5. Lima
          3602 6. Athens                     3626 5. Lorain
          3603 6. Austintown                 3627 5. Mansfield
          3604 6. Barberton                  3628 2. Maple Heights
         *3651 6. Beavercreek                3629 6. Marion
          3605 6. Boardman                   3630 6. Massillon
         *3652 6. Bowling Green              3631 2. Mentor
          3606 2. Brook Park                 3632 6. Middletown
         *3653 2. Brunswick                  3633 6. Newark
          3607 5. Canton                     3634 2. North Olmsted
          3608 4. Cincinnati                 3635 2. Norwood
          3609 4. Cleveland                  3636 2. Parma
          3610 2. Cleveland Heights          3637 9. Parma Heights
          3611 4. Columbus                   3638 6. Portsmouth
          3612 6. Cuyahoga Falls             3639 6. Sandusky
          3613 5. Dayton                     3640 2. Shaker Heights
         *3654 2. Delhi Hills                3641 2. South Euclid
          3614 2. East Cleveland             3642 5. Springfield
          3615 5. Elyria                     3643 6. Steubenville
          3616 2. Euclid                    *3657 6. Stow
          3617 6. Fairborn                  *3658 2. Strongsville
         *3655 6. Fairfield                  3644 4. Toledo
          3618 6. Findlay                    3645 2. Upper Arlington
          3619 2. Garfield Heights           3646 5. Warren
          3620 5. Hamilton                   3647 2. Whitehall
         *3656 6. Huber Heights              3648 2. Xenia
          3621 6. Kent                       3649 5. Youngstown
          3622 5. Kettering                  3650 6. Zanesville
          3623 2. Lakewood

          (153) OKLAHOMA 

          3700 6. Bartlesville                    3705 6. Muskogee
         *3712 6. Broken Arrow                    3706 5. Norman
          3701 6. Del City                        3707 4. Oklahoma City
         *3713 6. Edmont                          3708 6. Ponca City
          3702 6. Enid                            3709 6. Shawnee
          3703 5. Lawton                          3710 6. Stilwater
          3704 6. Midwest City                    3711 4. Tulsa
         *3714 6. Moore

          (172) OREGON

         *3806 6. Albany                         *3810 2. Hillsboro
         *3807 2. Beaverton                       3802 6. Medford
          3800 6. Corvallis                       3803 4. Portland
          3801 5. Eugene                          3804 5. Salem
         *3808 2. Gresham                         3805 6. Springfield
         *3809 2. Haxlewood

         (114) PENNSYLVANIA

        *3928 2. Abington Twp                     3915 6. New Castle
         3900 5. Allentown                        3916 2. Norristown
         3901 5. Altoona                         *3937 2. Penn Hills
         3902 9. Baldwin
         3917 1. Philadelphia                    *3929 2. Bensalem Twp
         3918 4. Pittsburgh                       3903 2. Bethel Park
        *3938 2. Plum
         3904 5. Bethlehem                        3919 2. Pottstown
        *3930 2. Bristol Twp                     *3939 2. Radnor Twp
        *3931 2. Cheltenham                       3920 5. Reading
         3905 2. Chester                         *3940 2. Ridley Twp
         3906 6. Easton                          *3941 2. Ross Twp
         3907 5. Erie
         3921 5. Scranton                        *3932 2. Falls Twp
        *3942 2. Shaler Twp                       3908 5. Harrisburg
        *3943 2. Springfield
        *3933 2. Haverford Twp                    3922 6. State College
         3909 6. Hasleton                        *3944 2. Upper Darby
         3910 6. Johnstown                       *3945 2. Upper Merion
         3911 5. Lancaster                       *3946 2. Upper Moreland Twp
         3912 6. Lebanon                         *3947 2. Warminster
        *3934 2. Lower Merion Twp                 3923 2. West Mifflin
        *3935 2. McCandless Twp                   3924 5. Wilkes-Barre
         3913 2. McKeesport                       3925 2. Wilkinsburg
         3914 2. Monroeville                      3926 6. Williamsport
        *3936 2. Mount Lebanon                    3927 5. York


          (105) RHODE ISLAND

         *4012 6. Coventry                         4006 6.North Providence
          4000 5. Cranston                         4007 5. Pawtucket
          4001 6. Cumberland                       4008 5. Providence
          4002 6. East Providence                  4009 5. Warwick
          4003 6. Middletown                       4010 6. West Warwick
          4004 6. Newport                          4011 6. Woonsocket
          4005 6. North Ringetown 


          (148) SOUTH CAROLINA

          4100 6. Anderson                       *4108 6. North Charleston
          4101 5. Charleston                      4105 6. Rock Hill
          4102 5. Columbia                        4106 6. Spartanburg
          4103 6. Florence                        4107 6. Sumter
          4104 5. Greenville


          (137) SOUTH DAKOTA

          4200 6. Aberdeen                        4202 5. Sioux Falls
          4201 6. Rapid City


          (154) TENNESSEE

          4300 5. Chattanooga                     4304 6. Kingsport
          4301 6. Clarksville                     4305 5. Knoxville
         *4310 6. Cleveland                       4306 4. Memphis
         *4311 6. Columbia                        4307 6. Murfeesboro
         *4312 6. Hendersonville                  4308 4. Nashville-Davidson
          4302 6. Jackson                         4309 6. Oak Ridge
          4303 6. Johnson City


          (149) TEXAS

          4400 5.  Abilene                       4424 2. Irving
          4401 5.  Amarillo                      4425 6. Killeen
          4402 5.  Arlington                     4426 6. Kingsville
          4403 4.  Austin                        4427 5. Laredo
          4404 2.  Baytown                       4428 6. Longview
          4405 5.  Bearmont                      4429 5. Lubbock
          4406 6.  Big Spring                   *4451 6. Lufkin
          4407 5.  Brownsville                   4430 6. McAllen
          4408 6.  Bryan                         4431 2. Mesquite
         *4447 2.  Carrollton                    4432 5. Midland
         *4448 6.  College Station              *4452 6. Nocogdoches
          4409 5.  Corpus Christi               *4453 2. North Richland Hills
          4410 4.  Dallas                        4433 5. Odessa
         *4449 6.  Del Rio                      *4454    Paris
          4411 6.  Denison                       4434 2. Pasadena
          4412 2.  Denton                       *4455 2. Plano
         *4450 2.  Duncanville                   4435 5. Port Arthur
          4413 4.  El Paso                       4436 2. Richardson
          4414 2.  Farmers Branch                4437 5. San Angelo
          4415 9.  Fort Hood                     4438 4. San Antonio
          4416 4.  Fort Worth                    4439 6. Sherman
          4417 5.  Galveston                     4440 6. Temple
          4418 2.  Garland                       4441 6. Texarkana
          4419 2.  Grand Prairie                 4442 6. Texas City
          4420 6.  Haltom City                   4443 5. Tyler
          4421 6.  Harlingen                     4444 6. Victoria
          4422 1.  Houston                       4445 5. Waco
          4423 6.  Hurst                         4446 5. Wichita Falls


          (167) UTAH 

          4500 6. Bountiful                      *4506 6. Logan
          4501 6. East Millcreek                 *4507 6. Murray
          4502 5. Ogden                          *4508 6. Sandy City
          4503 6. Orem                           *4509 6. West Jordan
          4504 5. Provo                          *4510 6. West Valley
          4505 5. Salt Lake City


          (106) VERMONT

          4600 6.Burlington

          (140) VIRGINIA

          4700 2. Alexandria                     4710 4. Norfolk
          4701 2. Annandale                      4711 6. Petersburg
          4702 2. Arlington                      4712 5. Portsmouth
         *4718 2. Blacksburg                    *4821 2. McLean
         *4719 2. Burke                         *4722 2. Reston
          4703 6. Charlottesville                4713 4. Richmond
          4704 5. Chesapeake                     4714 5. Roanoke
         *4720 2. Dale City                      4715 6. Staunton
          4705 6. Danville                      *4723 6. Suffolk
          4706 5. Hampton                       *4724 6. Tuckahoe
          4707 9. Jefferson                      4716 5. Virginia Beach
          4708 5. Lynchburg                     *4725 2. West Springfield
          4709 5. Newport News                   4717 2. Wodbridge-Marumsco 


          (173) WASHINGTON

         *4815 2. Auburn                        *4817 6. Olympia
          4800 2. Bellevue                       4808 2. Renton
          4801 6. Bellingham                     4809 6. Richland
          4802 6. Bremerton
          4810 4. Seattle
          4803 2. Edmonds                        4811 5. Spokane
          4804 2. Everett                        4812 2. Tacoma
          4805 6. Fort Lewis                     4813 5. Vancouver
         *4816 6. Kennewick                     *4818 6. Walla Walla
          4806 9. Lakes District                 4814 6. Yakima
          4807 6. Longview              


          (125) WISCONSIN

          5000 5. Appleton                       5012 2. Menomonee Falls
          5001 6. Belolt                         5013 4. Milwaukee
          5002 2. Brookfield                     5014 2. New Berlin
          5003 6. Eau Claire                     5015 5. Oshkosh
          5004 6. Fond Du Lac                    5016 5. Racine
          5005 5. Green Bay                      5017 6. Sheboygan 
          5006 2. Greenfielt                     5018 6. Superior
          5007 6. Janesville                     5019 2. Waukesha
          5008 5. Kenocha                        5020 6. Wausau
          5009 5. La Crosse                      5021 2. Wanwatosa
          5010 5. Madison                        5022 2. West Allis
          5011 6. Manitowoc

          (156) WEST VIRGINIA

          4900 5. Charleston                     4904 6. Parkersburg
          4901 6. Fairmont                       4905 6. Wierton 
          4902 5. Huntington                     4906 6. Wheeling
          4903 6. Morgantown

          (168) WYOMING

          5100 6. Casper                         5101 6. Cheyenne


1. The two 1970 Standard Consolidated Areas (New York-Northeastern New
Jersey, and* Chicago, Ill.-Northwestern Indiana), the remaining 1970 SMSA's 
one million or more, plus the Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, CA SMSA (which
was attached to the Los Angeles SMSA).


>> 1982 CPS 2 DIGIT OCCUPATION CODE

                   01. Professional, Technical and Kindred Workers
                   02. Managers and Administrators, except Farm
                   03. Sales Workers
                   04. Clerical and Kindred Workers
                   05. Craftsmen and Kindred Workers
                   06. Operatives, except Transport
                   07. Transport Equipment Operatives
                   08. Laborers, except Farm
                   09. Farmers (owners and tenants), Farm Managers,
                       Farmer--NA type
                   10. Farm Foreman, Farm Laborer (wage-worker)
                   11. Service Workers, except Private Household and
                       Government Protective Services
                   12. Government Protective Services: Firemen; Police;
                              Marshals and Constables
                   13. Private Household Workers
                   14. Member of Armed Forces
                   15. Not in LABOR FORCE

                   98. DK
                   99. NA
                   
                   00. INAP




>> 1982 FIPS STATE AND COUNTY NOTE


This Note is used in conjunction with variables which record the county
of the interview. The first 2 digits of this variable contain the FIPS state 
code; the last 3 digits contain the county code. Each list of counties for a 
particular state is proceeded by the 2 digit state code and the name of the 
state. This information was obtained from: U.S. Bureau of the Census, County
and City Data Book, 1972.

                          Alabama

                     01001 Autauga                          01053 Escambia
                     01003 Baldwin                          01055 Etowah
                     01005 Barbour                          01057 Fayette
                     01007 Bibb                             01059 Franklin
                     01009 Blunt                            01061 Geneva
                     01011 Bullock                          01063 Greene
                     01013 Butler                           01065 Hale
                     01015 Calhoun                          01067 Henry
                     01017 Chambers                         01069 Houston
                     01019 Cherokee                         01071 Jackson
                     01021 Chilton                          01073 Jefferson
                     01023 Choctaw                          01075 Lamar
                     01025 Clarke                           01077 Lauderdale
                     01027 Clay                             01079 Lawrence
                     01029 Cleburne                         01081 Lee
                     01031 Coffee                           01083 Limestone
                     01033 Colbert                          01085 Lowndes
                     01035 Conecuh                          01087 Macon
                     01037 Coosa                            01089 Madison
                     01039 Covington                        01091 Marengo
                     01041 Crenshaw                         01093 Marion
                     01043 Cullman                          01095 Marshall
                     01045 Dale                             01097 Mobile
                     01047 Dallas                           01099 Monroe
                     01049 De Kalb                          01101 Montgomery
                     01051 Elmore                           01103 Morgan
                     01105 Perry                            01121 Talladega
                     01107 Pickens                          01123 Tallapoosa
                     01109 Pike                             01125 Tuscaloosa
                     01111 Randolph                         01127 Walker 
                     01113 Russell                          01129 Washington
                     01115 St Clair                         01131 Wilcox
                     01117 Shelby                           01133 Winston
                     01119 Sumter

                     02 Alaska

                     02010 Aleutian Islands                 02160 Kuskokwim
                     02020 Anchorage                        02170
                                                            Matanuska-Susitna
                     02030 Angoon                           02180 Nome
                     02040 Barrow                           02190 Outer
                                                            Ketchikan
                     02050 Bethel                           02200 Prince Of
                                                            Wales
                     02060 Bristol Bay Borough              02210 Seward
                     02070 Bristol Bay Division             02220 Sitka
                     02080 Cordova-Mc Carthy                02230
                                                            Skagway-Yakutat
                     02090 Fairbanks                        02240 Southeast
                                                            Fairbanks
                     02100 Haines                           02250 Upper Yukon
                     02110 Juneau                           02260
                                                            Valdez-Chitina-
                                                            Whittier
                     02120 Kenai-Cook inlet                 02270 Wade Hampton
                     02130 Ketchikan                        02280
                                                            Wrangell-
                                                            Petersburg
                     02140 Kobuk                            02290
                                                            Yukon-Koyukuk
                     02150 Kodiak

                     04 Arizona

                     04001 Apache                           04015 Mohave
                     04003 Cochise                          04017 Navajo
                     04005 Coconino                         04019 Pima
                     04007 Gila                             04021 Pinal
                     04009 Graham                           04023 Santa Cruz
                     04011 Greenlee                         04025 Yavapai
                     04013 Maricopa                         04027 Yuma

                     05 Arkansas

                     05001 Arkansas                         05077 Lee
                     05003 Ashley                           05079 Lincoln
                     05005 Baxter                           05081 Little River
                     05007 Benton                           05083 Logan 
                     05009 Boone                            05085 Lonoke
                     05011 Bradley                          05087 Madison
                     05013 Calhoun                          05089 Marion
                     05015 Carroll                          05091 Miller
                     05017 Chicot                           05093 Mississippi
                     05019 Clark                            05095 Monroe
                     05021 Clay                             05097 Montgomery
                     05023 Cleburne                         05099 Nevada
                     05025 Cleveland                        05101 Newton
                     05027 Columbia                         05103 Ouachita
                     05029 Conway                           05105 Perry
                     05031 Craighead                        05107 Phillips
                     05033 Crawford                         05109 Pike
                     05035 Crittenden                       05111 Poinsett
                     05037 Cross                            05113 Polk
                     05039 Dallas                           05115 Pope
                     05041 Desha                            05117 Prairie
                     05043 Drew                             05119 Pulaski
                     05045 Faulkner                         05121 Randolph
                     05047 Franklin                         05123 St Francis
                     05049 Fulton                           05125 Saline
                     05051 Garland                          05127 Scott
                     05053 Grant                            05129 Searcy
                     05055 Greene                           05131 Sebastian
                     05057 Hempstead                        05133 Sevier
                     05059 Hot Spring                       05135 Sharp
                     05061 Howard                           05137 Stone
                     05063 Independence                     05139 Union
                     05065 Izard                            05141 Van Buren
                     05067 Jackson                          05143 Washington
                     05069 Jefferson                        05145 White
                     05071 Johnson                          05147 Woodruff
                     05073 Lafayette                        05149 Yell
                     05075 Lawrence

                     06 California

                    06001 Alameda                           06059 Orange
                    06003 Alpine                            06061 Placer
                    06005 Amador                            06063 Plumas
                    06007 Butte                             06065 Riverside
                    06009 Calaveras                         06067 Sacramento
                    06011 Coluse
                    06069 San Benito                        06013 Contra Costa
                    06071 San Bernardino
                    06015 Del Norte                         06073 San Diego
                    06017 E1 Dorado                         06075 San
                                                            Francisco
                    06019 Fresno                            06077 San Joaquin
                    06021 Glenn                             06079 San Luis
                                                            Obispo
                    06023 Humboldt                          06081 San Mateo
                    06025 Imperial                          06083 Santa
                                                            Barbara
                    06027 Inyo                              06085 Santa Clara
                    06029 Kern                              06087 Santa Cruz
                    06031 Kings                             06089 Shasta
                    06033 Lake                              06091 Sierra
                    06035 Lassen                            06093 Siskiyou
                    06037 Los Angeles                       06095 Solano 
                    06039 Madera                            06097 Sonoma
                    06041 Marin                             06099 Stanislaus
                    06043 Mariposa                          06101 Sutter
                    06045 Mendocino                         06103 Tehama
                    06047 Merced                            06105 Trinity
                    06049 Modoc                             06107 Tulare
                    06051 Mono                              06109 Tuolumne
                    06053 Monterey                          06111 Ventura
                    06055 Napa                              06113 Yolo
                    06057 Nevada                            06115 Yuba

                    08 Colorado

                    08001 Adams                             08063 Kit Carson
                    08003 Alamosa                           08065 Lake
                    08005 Arapahoe                          08067 La Plata
                    08007 Archuleta                         08069 Larimer
                    08009 Baca                              08071 Las Animas
                    08011 Bent                              08073 Lincoln
                    08013 Boulder                           08075 Logan
                    08015 Chaffee                           08077 Mesa
                    08017 Cheyenne                          08079 Mineral
                    08019 Clear Creek                       08081 Moffat
                    08021 Conejos                           08083 Montezuma
                    08023 Costilla                          08085 Montrose
                    08025 Crowley                           08087 Morgan
                    08027 Custer                            08089 Otero
                    08029 Delta                             08091 Ouray
                    08031 Denver                            08093 Park
                    08033 Dolores                           08095 Phillips
                    08035 Douglas                           08097 Pitkin
                    08037 Eagle                             08099 Prowers
                    08039 Elbert                            08101 Pueblo
                    08041 E1 Paso                           08103 Rio Blanco
                    08043 Fremont                           08105 Rio Grande
                    08045 Garfield                          08107 Routt
                    08047 Gilpin                            08109 Saguache
                    08049 Grand                             08111 San Juan
                    08051 Gunnison                          08113 San Miguel
                    08053 Hinsdale                          08115 Sedgwick
                    08055 Huerfano                          08117 Summit
                    08057 Jackson                           08119 Teller
                    08059 Jefferson                         08121 Washington
                    08061 Kiowa                             08123 Weld
                                                            08125 Yuma

                    09 Connecticut

                    09001 Fairfield                         09009 New Haven
                    09003 Hartford                          09011 New London
                    09005 Litchfield                        09013 Tolland
                    09007 Middlesex                         09015 Windham

                    10 Delaware
 
                    10001 Kent                              10005 Sussex
                    10003 New Castle

                    11 Washington DC

                    11001 Washington DC

                    12 Florida


                    12001 Alachua                           12069 Lake
                    12003 Baker                             12071 Lee
                    12005 Bay                               12073 Leon
                    12007 Bradford                          12075 Levy
                    12009 Brevard                           12077 Liberty
                    12011 Broward                           12079 Madison
                    12013 Calhoun                           12081 Manatee
                    12015 Charlotte                         12083 Marion
                    12017 Citrus                            12085 Martin
                    12019 Clay                              12087 Monroe
                    12021 Collier                           12089 Nassau
                    12023 Columbia                          12091 Okaloosa
                    12025 Dade                              12093 Okeechobee
                    12027 De Soto                           12095 Orange
                    12029 Dixie                             12097 Osceola
                    12031 Duval                             12099 Palm Beach
                    12033 Escambia                          12101 Pasco
                    12035 Flagler                           12103 Pinellas
                    12037 Franklin                          12105 Polk
                    12039 Gadsden                           12107 Putnam
                    12041 Gilchrist                         12109 St Johns
                    12043 Glades                            12111 St Lucie
                    12045 Gulf                              12113 Santa Rosa
                    12047 Hamilton                          12115 Sarasota
                    12049 Hardee                            12117 Seminole
                    12051 Hendry                            12119 Sumter
                    12053 Hernando                          12121 Suwannee
                    12055 Highlands                         12123 Taylor
                    12057 Hillsborough                      12125 Union
                    12059 Holmes                            12127 Volusia
                    12061 Indian River                      12129 Wakulla
                    12063 Jackson                           12131 Walton
                    12065 Jefferson                         12133 Washington
                    12067 Lafayette

                    13 Georgia

                    13001 Appling                           13165 Jenkins
                    13003 Atkinson                          13167 Johnson
                    13005 Bacon                             13169 Jones
                    13007 Baker                             13171 Lamar
                    13009 Baldwin                           13173 Lanier
                    13011 Banks                             13175 Laurens
                    13013 Barrow                            13177 Lee
                    13015 Bartow                            13179 Liberty
                    13017 Ben Hill                          13181 Lincoln
                    13019 Berrien                           13183 Long
                    13021 Bibb                              13185 Lowndes
                    13023 Bleckley                          13187 Lumpkin
                    13025 Brantley                          13189 Mc Duffie
                    13027 Brooks                            13191 Mc Intosh
                    13029 Bryan                             13193 Macon
                    13031 Bulloch                           13195 Madison
                    13033 Burke                             13197 Marion
                    13035 Butts                             13199 Meriwether
                    13037 Calhoun                           13201 Miller
                    13039 Camden                            13205 Mitchell
                    13043 Candler                           13207 Monroe
                    13045 Carroll                           13209 Montgomery
                    13047 Catoosa                           13211 Morgan
                    13049 Chariton                          13213 Murray
                    13051 Chatham                           13215 Muscogee
                    13053 Chattahoochee                     13217 Newton
                    13055 Chattooga                         13219 Oconee
                    13057 Cherokee                          13221 Oglethorpe
                    13059 Clarke                            13223 Paulding
                    13061 Clay                              13225 Peach
                    13063 Clayton                           13227 Pickens
                    13065 Clinch                            13229 Pierce
                    13067 Cobb                              13231 Pike
                    13069 Coffee                            13233 Polk
                    13071 Colquitt                          13235 Pulaski
                    13073 Columbia                          13237 Putnam
                    13075 Cook                              13239 Quitmar
                    13077 Coweta                            13241 Rabun
                    13079 Crawford                          13243 Randolph
                    13081 Crisp                             13245 Richmond
                    13083 Dade                              13247 Rockdale
                    13085 Dawson                            13249 Schiey
                    13087 Decatur                           13251 Screven
                    13089 De Kalb                           13253 Seminole
                    13091 Dodge                             13255 Spalding
                    13093 Dooly                             13257 Stephens
                    13095 Dougherty                         13259 Stewart
                    13097 Douglas                           13261 Sumter
                    13099 Early                             13263 Talbot
                    13101 Echols                            13265 Talieferro
                    13103 Effingham                         13267 Tattnall
                    13105 Elbert                            13269 Taylor
                    13107 Emanuel                           13271 Telfair
                    13109 Evans                             13273 Terrell
                    13111 Fannin                            13275 Thomas
                    13113 Fayette                           13277 Tift
                    13115 Floyd                             13279 Toombs
                    13117 Forsyth                           13281 Towns
                    13119 Franklin                          13283 Treutlen
                    13121 Fulton                            13285 Troup
                    13123 Gilmer                            13287 Turner
                    13125 Glascock                          13289 Twiggs
                    13127 Glynn                             13291 Union
                    13129 Gordon                            13293 Upson
                    13131 Grady                             13295 Walker
                    13133 Greene                            13297 Walton
                    13135 Gwinnett                          13299 Ware
                    13137 Habersham                         13301 Warren
                    13139 Hall                              13303 Washington
                    13141 Hancock                           13305 Wayne
                    13143 Haralson                          13307 Webster
                    13145 Harris                            13309 Wheeler
                    13147 Hart                              13311 White
                    13149 Heard                             13313 Wheatfield
                    13151 Henry                             13315 Wilcox
                    13153 Houston                           13317 Wilkes
                    13155 Irwin                             13319 Wilkinson
                    13157 Jackson                           13321 Worth
                    13159 Jasper
                    13161 Jeff Davis
                    13163 Jefferson

                    15 Hawaii

                    15001 Hawaii                            15007 Kauai
                    15003 Honolulu                          15009 Maui

                    16 Idaho

                    16001 Ada                               16045 Gem
                    16003 Adams                             16047 Goading
                    16005 Bannock                           16049 Idaho
                    16007 Bear Lake                         16051 Jefferson
                    16009 Benewah                           16053 Jerome
                    16011 Bingham                           16055 Kootenai
                    16013 Blaine                            16057 Latah
                    16015 Boise                             16059 Lemhi
                    16017 Bonner                            16061 Lewis
                    16019 Bonneville                        16063 Lincoln
                    16021 Boundary                          16065 Madison
                    16023 Butte                             16067 Minidoka
                    16025 Camas                             16069 Nez Perce
                    16027 Canyon                            16071 Oneida
                    16029 Caribou                           16073 Owyhee
                    16031 Cassia                            16075 Payette
                    16033 Clark                             16077 Power
                    16035 Clearwater                        16079 Shoshone
                    16037 Custer                            16081 Teton
                    16039 Elmore                            16083 Twin Falls
                    16041 Franklin                          16085 Valley
                    16043 Fremont                           16087 Washington

                    17 Illinois

                    17001 Adams                             17103 Lee
                    17003 Alexander                         17105 Livingston
                    17005 Bond                              17107 Logan
                    17007 Boone                             17109 Mc Donough
                    17009 Brown                             17111 Mc Henry
                    17011 Bureau                            17113 Mc Lean
                    17013 Calhoun                           17115 Macon
                    17015 Carroll                           17117 Macoupin
                    17017 Cass                              17119 Madison
                    17019 Champaign                         17121 Marion
                    17021 Christian                         17123 Marshall
                    17023 Clark                             17125 Mason
                    17025 Clay                              17127 Massac
                    17027 Clinton                           17129 Menard
                    17029 Coles                             17131 Mercer
                    17031 Cook                              17133 Monroe
                    17033 Crawford                          17135 Montgomery
                    17035 Cumberland                        17137 Morgan
                    17037 De Kalb                           17139 Moultrie
                    17039 De Witt                           17141 Ogle
                    17041 Douglas                           17143 Peoria
                    17043 Du Page                           17145 Perry
                    17045 Edgar                             17147 Piatt
                    17047 Edwards                           17149 Pike
                    17049 Effinaham                         17151 Pope
                    17051 Fayette                           17153 Pulaski
                    17053 Ford                              17155 Putnam
                    17055 Franklin                          17157 Randolph
                    17057 Fulton                            17159 Richland
                    17059 Gallatin                          17161 Rock Island
                    17061 Greene                            17163 St Clair
                    17063 Grundy                            17165 Saline
                    17065 Hamilton                          17167 Sangamon
                    17067 Hancock                           17169 Schuyler
                    17069 Hardin                            17171 Scott
                    17071 Henderson                         17173 Shelby
                    17073 Henry                             17175 Stark
                    17075 Iroquois                          17177 Stephenson
                    17077 Jackson                           17179 Tazewell
                    17079 Jasper                            17181 Union
                    17081 Jefferson                         17183 Vermilion
                    17083 Jersey                            17185 Wabash
                    17085 Jo Davies                         17187 Warren
                    17087 Johnson                           17189 Washington
                    17089 Kane                              17191 Wayne
                    17091 Kankskee                          17193 White
                    17093 Kendall                           17195 Whiteside
                    17095 Knox                              17197 Will
                    17097 Lake                              17199 Williamson
                    17099 La Salle                          17201 Winnebago
                    17101 Lawrence                          17203 Woodford

                    18 Indiana

                    18001 Adams                             18093 Lawrence
                    18003 Allen                             18095 Madison
                    18005 Bartholomew                       18097 Marion
                    18007 Benton                            18099 Marshall
                    18009 Blackford                         18101 Martin
                    18011 Boone                             18103 Miami
                    18013 Brown                             18105 Monroe
                    18015 Carroll                           18107 Montgomery
                    18017 Cass                              18109 Morgan
                    18019 Clark                             18111 Newton
                    18021 Clay                              18113 Noble
                    18023 Clinton                           18115 Ohio
                    18025 Crawford                          18117 Orange
                    18027 Davies                            18119 Owen
                    18029 Dearborn                          18121 Parke
                    18031 Decatur                           18123 Perry
                    18033 De Kalb                           18125 Pike
                    18035 Delaware                          18127 Porter
                    18037 Dubois                            18129 Posey
                    18039 Elkhart                           18131 Pulaski
                    18041 Fayette                           18133 Putnam
                    18043 Floyd                             18135 Randolph
                    18045 Fountain                          18137 Ripley
                    18047 Franklin                          18139 Rush
                    18049 Fulton                            18141 St Joseph
                    18051 Gibson                            18143 Scott
                    18053 Grant                             18145 Shelby
                    18055 Greene                            18147 Spencer
                    18057 Hamilton                          18149 Starke
                    18059 Hancock                           18151 Steuben
                    18061 Harrison                          18153 Sullivan
                    18063 Hendricks                         18155 Switzerland
                    18065 Henry                             18157 Tippecanoe
                    18067 Howard                            18159 Tipton
                    18069 Huntington                        18161 Union
                    18071 Jackson                           18163 Vanderburgh
                    18073 Jasper                            18165 Vermillion
                    18075 Jay                               18167 Vigo
                    18077 Jefferson                         18169 Wabash
                    18079 Jennings                          18171 Warren
                    18081 Johnson                           18173 Warrick
                    18083 Knox                              18175 Washington
                    18085 Kosciusko                         18177 Wayne
                    18087 Lagrange                          18179 Wells
                    18089 Lake                              18181 White
                    18091 La Porte                          18183 Whitley

                    19 Iowa

                    19001 Adair                             19101 Jefferson
                    19003 Adams                             19103 Johnson
                    19005 Allamakee                         19105 Jones
                    19007 Appanoose                         19107 Keokuk
                    19009 Audubon                           19109 Kossuth
                    19011 Benton                            19111 Lee
                    19013 Black Hawk                        19113 Linn
                    19015 Boone                             19115 Louisa
                    19017 Bremer                            19117 Lucas
                    19019 Buchanan                          19119 Lyon
                    19021 Buena Vista                       19121 Madison
                    19023 Butler                            19123 Mahaska
                    19025 Calhoun                           19125 Marion
                    19027 Carroll                           19127 Marshall
                    19029 Cass                              19129 Mills
                    19031 Cedar                             19131 Mitchell
                    19033 Cerro Gordo                       19133 Monona
                    19035 Cherokee                          19135 Monroe
                    19037 Chickasaw                         19137 Montgomery
                    19039 Clarke                            19139 Muscatine
                    19041 Clay                              19141 O'Brien
                    19043 Clayton                           19143 Osceola
                    19045 Clinton                           19145 Page
                    19047 Crawford                          19147 Palo Alto
                    19049 Dallas                            19149 Plymouth
                    19051 Davis                             19151 Pocahontas
                    19053 Decatur                           19153 Polk
                    19055 Delaware                          19155
                                                            Pottawattamie
                    19057 Des Moines                        19157 Poweshiek
                    19059 Dickinson                         19159 Ringgold
                    19061 Dubuque                           19161 Sac
                    19063 Emmet                             19163 Scott
                    19065 Fayette                           19165 Shelby
                    19067 Floyd                             19167 Sioux
                    19069 Franklin                          19169 Story
                    19071 Fremont                           19171 Tama
                    19073 Greene                            19173 Taylor
                    19075 Grundy                            19175 Union
                    19077 Guthrie                           19177 Van Buren
                    19079 Hamilton                          19179 Wapello
                    19081 Hancock                           19181 Warren
                    19083 Hardin                            19183 Washington
                    19085 Harrison                          19185 Wayne
                    19087 Henry                             19187 Webster
                    19089 Howard                            19189 Winnebago
                    19091 Humboldt                          19191 Winneshiek
                    19093 Ida                               19193 Woodbury
                    19095 Iowa                              19195 Worth
                    19097 Jackson                           19197 Wright
                    19099 Jasper

                    20 Kansas

                    20001 Allen                             20107 Linn
                    20003 Anderson                          20109 Logan
                    20005 Atchison                          20111 Lyon
                    20007 Barber                            20113 Mc Pherson
                    20009 Barton                            20115 Marion
                    20011 Bourbon                           20117 Marshall
                    20013 Brown                             20119 Meade
                    20015 Butler                            20121 Miami 
                    20017 Chase                             20123 Mitchell
                    20019 Chautauqua                        20125 Montgomery
                    20021 Cherokee                          20127 Morris
                    20023 Cheyenne                          20129 Morton
                    20025 Clark                             20131 Nemaha
                    20027 Clay                              20133 Neosho
                    20029 Cloud                             20135 Ness
                    20031 Coffey                            20137 Norton
                    20033 Comanche                          20139 Osage
                    20035 Cowley                            20141 Osborne
                    20037 Crawford                          20143 Ottawa
                    20039 Decatur                           20145 Pawnee
                    20041 Dickinson                         20147 Phillips
                    20043 Doniphan                          20149 Pottawatomie
                    20045 Douglas                           20151 Pratt
                    20047 Edwards                           20153 Rawlins
                    20049 Elk                               20155 Reno
                    20051 Ellis                             20157 Republic
                    20053 Ellsworth                         20159 Rice
                    20055 Finney                            20161 Riley
                    20057 Ford                              20163 Rooks
                    20059 Franklin                          20165 Rush
                    20061 Geary                             20167 Russell
                    20063 Gove                              20169 Saline
                    20065 Graham                            20171 Scott
                    20067 Grant                             20173 Sedgwick
                    20069 Gray                              20175 Seward
                    20071 Greeley                           20177 Shawnee
                    20073 Greenwood                         20179 Sheridan
                    20075 Hamilton                          20181 Sherman
                    20077 Harper                            20183 Smith
                    20079 Harvey                            20185 Stafford
                    20081 Haskell                           20187 Stanton
                    20083 Hodgeman                          20189 Stevens
                    20085 Jackson                           20191 Sumner
                    20087 Jefferson                         20193 Thomas
                    20089 Jewell                            20195 Trego
                    20091 Johnson                           20197 Wabaunsee
                    20093 Kearny                            20199 Wallace
                    20095 Kingman                           20201 Washington
                    20097 Kiowa                             20203 Wichita
                    20099 Labette                           20205 Wilson
                    20101 Lane                              20207 Woodson
                    20103 Leavenworth                       20209 Wyandotte
                    20105 Lincoln

                    21 Kentucky

                    21001 Adair                             21121 Knox
                    21003 Allen                             21123 Larue
                    21005 Anderson                          21125 Laurel
                    21007 Ballad                            21127 Lawrence
                    21009 Barren                            21129 Lee
                    21011 Bath                              21131 Leslie
                    21013 Bell                              21133 Letcher
                    21015 Boone                             21135 Lewis
                    21017 Bourbon                           21137 Lincoln
                    21019 Boyd                              21139 Livingston
                    21021 Boyle                             21141 Logan
                    21023 Bracken                           21143 Lyon
                    21025 Breathed                          21145 Mc Cracken
                    21027 Breckinridge                      21147 Mc Creary
                    21029 Bullitt                           21149 Mc Lean
                    21031 Butler                            21151 Madison
                    21033 Caldwell                          21153 Magoffin
                    21035 Calloway                          21155 Marion
                    21037 Campbell                          21157 Marshall
                    21039 Carlisle                          21159 Martin
                    21041 Carroll                           21161 Mason
                    21043 Carter                            21163 Meade
                    21045 Casey                             21165 Menifee
                    21047 Christian                         21167 Mercer
                    21049 Clark                             21169 Metcalfe
                    21051 Clay                              21171 Monroe
                    21053 Clinton                           21173 Montgomery
                    21055 Crittenden                        21175 Morgan
                    21057 Cumberland                        21177 Muhlenberg
                    21059 Daviess                           21179 Nelson
                    21061 Edmonson                          21181 Nicholas
                    21063 Elliott                           21183 Ohio
                    21065 Estill                            21185 Oldham
                    21067 Fayette                           21187 Owen
                    21069 Fleming                           21189 Owsley
                    21071 Floyd                             21191 Pendleton
                    21073 Franklin                          21193 Perry
                    21075 Fulton                            21195 Pike
                    21077 Gallatin                          21197 Powell
                    21079 Garrard                           21199 Pulaski
                    21081 Grant                             21201 Robertson
                    21083 Graves                            21203 Rockcastle

                    21085 Grayson                           21205 Rowan
                    21087 Green                             21207 Russell
                    21089 Greenup                           21209 Scott
                    21091 Hancock                           21211 Shelby
                    21093 Hardin                            21213 Simpson
                    21095 Harlan                            21215 Spencer
                    21097 Harrison                          21217 Taylor
                    21099 Hart                              21219 Todd
                    21101 Henderson                         21221 Trigg
                    21103 Henry                             21223 Trimble
                    21105 Hickman                           21225 Union
                    21107 Hopkins                           21227 Warren
                    21109 Jackson                           21229 Washington
                    21111 Jefferson                         21231 Wayne
                    21113 Jessamine                         21233 Webster
                    21115 Johnson                           21235 Whitley
                    21117 Kenton                            21237 Wolfe
                    21119 Knott                             21239 Woodford

                    22 Louisiana

                    22001 Acadia                            22065 Madison
                    22003 Allen                             22067 Morehouse
                    22005 Ascension                         22069 Natchitoches
                    22007 Assumption                        22071 Oricans
                    22009 Avoyelles                         22073 Ouachita
                    22011 Beauregard                        22075 Plaquemines
                    22013 Bienville                         22077 Pointe
                                                            Coupee
                    22015 Bossier                           22079 Rapides
                    22017 Caddo                             22081 Red River
                    22019 Calcasieu                         22083 Richland
                    22021 Caldwell                          22085 Sabine
                    22023 Cameron                           22087 St Bernard
                    22025 Catahoula                         22089 St Charies
                    22027 Claiborne                         22091 St Helena
                    22029 Concordia                         22093 St James
                    22031 De Soto                           22095 St John The
                                                            Baptist
                    22033 East Baton Rouge                  22097 St Landry
                    22035 East Carroll                      22099 St Martin
                    22037 East Feliciana                    22101 St Mary
                    22039 Evangeline                        22103 St Tammany
                    22041 Franklin                          22105 Tangipahoa
                    22043 Grant                             22107 Tensas
                    22045 Iberia                            22109 Terrebonne
                    22047 Iberville                         22111 Union
                    22049 Jackson                           22113 Vermilion
                    22051 Jefferson                         22115 Vernon
                    22053 Jefferson Davis                   22117 Washington
                    22055 Lafayette                         22119 Webster
                    22057 Lafourche                         22121 West Baton
                                                            Rouge
                    22059 La Salle                          22123 West Carroll
                    22061 Lincoln                           22125 West
                                                            Feliciana
                    22063 Livingston                        22127 Winn

                    23 Maine

                    23001 Androscoggin                      23017 Oxford
                    23003 Aroostook                         23019 Penobscot
                    23005 Cumberland                        23021 Piscataquis
                    23007 Franklin                          23023 Sagadahoc
                    23009 Hancock                           23025 Somerset
                    23011 Kennebec                          23027 Waldo
                    23013 Knox                              23029 Washington
                    23015 Lincoln                           23031 York

                    24 Maryland

                    24001 Allegany                          24027 Howard
                    24003 Anne Arundel                      24029 Kent
                    24005 Baltimore                         24031 Montgomery
                    24009 Caivert                           24033 Prince
                                                            Georges
                    24011 Caroline                          24035 Queen Annes
                    24013 Carroll                           24037 St Marys
                    24015 Cecil                             24039 Somerset
                    24017 Charles                           24041 Talbot
                    24019 Dorchester                        24043 Washington
                    24021 Frederick                         24045 Wicomico
                    24023 Garrett                           24047 Worcester
                    24025 Harfo                             24510 Baltimore
                                                            City 

                    25 Massachusetts

                    25001 Barnstable                        25015 Hampshire
                    25003 Berkshire                         25017 Middlesex
                    25005 Bristol                           25019 Nantucket
                    25007 Dukes                             25021 Norfolk
                    25009 Essex                             25023 Plymouth
                    25011 Franklin                          25025 Suffolk
                    25013 Hampden                           25027 Worcester

                    26 Michigan

                    26001 Alcona                            26085 Lake
                    26003 Alger                             26087 Lapeer
                    26005 Allegan                           26089 Leelanau
                    26007 Alpena                            26091 Lenawee
                    26009 Antrim                            26093 Livingston
                    26011 Arenac                            26095 Luce
                    26013 Baraga                            26097 Mackinac
                    26015 Barry                             26099 Macomb
                    26017 Bay                               26101 Manistee
                    26019 Benzie                            26103 Marquette
                    26021 Berrien                           26105 Mason
                    26023 Branch                            26107 Mecosta
                    26025 Calhoun                           26109 Menominee
                    26027 Cass                              26111 Midland
                    26029 Charlevoix                        26113 Missaukee
                    26031 Cheboygan                         26115 Monroe
                    26033 Chippewa                          26117 Montcalm
                    26035 Clare                             26119 Montmorency
                    26037 Clinton                           26121 Muskegon
                    26039 Crawford                          26123 Newaygo
                    26041 Delta                             26125 Oakland
                    26043 Dickinson                         26127 Oceana
                    26045 Eaton                             26129 Ogemaw
                    26047 Emmet                             26131 Ontonagon
                    26049 Genesee                           26133 Osceola
                    26051 Gladwin                           26135 Oscoda
                    26053 Gogebic                           26137 Otseco
                    26055 Grand Traverse                    26139 Ottawa
                    26057 Gratiot                           26141 Presque Isle
                    26059 Hillsdale                         26143 Roscommon
                    26061 Houghton                          26145 Saginaw
                    26063 Huron                             26147 St Clair
                    26065 Ingham                            26149 St Joseph
                    26067 Ionia                             26151 Sanilac
                    26069 Iosco                             26153 Schoolcraft
                    26071 Iron                              26155 Shiawassee
                    26073 Isabella                          26157 Tuscola
                    26075 Jackson                           26159 Van Buren
                    26077 Kalamazoo                         26161 Washtenaw
                    26079 Kalkaska                          26163 Wayne
                    26081 Kent                              26165 Wexford
                    26083 Keweenaw

                    27 Minnesota

                    27001 Aitkin                            27089 Marshall
                    27003 Anoka                             27091 Martin
                    27005 Becker                            27093 Meeker
                    27007 Beltrami                          27095 Mille Lacs
                    27009 Benton                            27097 Morrison
                    27011 Big Stone                         27099 Mower
                    27013 Blue Earth                        27101 Murray
                    27015 Brown                             27103 Nicollet
                    27017 Carlton                           27105 Nobles
                    27019 Carver                            27107 Norman
                    27021 Cass                              27109 Olmsted
                    27023 Chippewa                          27111 Otter Tail
                    27025 Chicago                           27113 Pennington
                    27027 Clay                              27115 Pine
                    27029 Clearwater                        27117 Pipestone
                    27031 Cook                              27119 Polk
                    27033 Cottonwood                        27121 Pope
                    27035 Crow Wing                         27123 Ramsey
                    27037 Dakota                            27125 Red Lake
                    27039 Dodge                             27127 Redwood
                    27041 Douglas                           27129 Renville
                    27043 Faribault                         27131 Rice
                    27045 Fillmore                          27133 Rock
                    27047 Freeborn                          27135 Roseau
                    27049 Goodhue                           27137 St Louis
                    27051 Grant                             27139 Scott
                    27053 Hennepin                          27141 Sherburne
                    27055 Houston                           27143 Sibley
                    27057 Hubbard                           27145 Stearns
                    27059 Isanti                            27147 Steele
                    27061 Itasca                            27149 Stevens
                    27063 Jackson                           27151 Swift
                    27065 Kanabec                           27153 Todd
                    27067 Kandiyohi                         27155 Traverse
                    27069 Kittson                           27157 Wabasha
                    27071 Koochiching                       27159 Wadena
                    27073 Lac Qui Parle                     27161 Waseca
                    27075 Lake                              27163 Washington
                    27077 Lake Of The Woods                 27165 Watonwan
                    27079 Le Soeur                          27167 Wilkin
                    27081 Lincoln                           27169 Winona
                    27083 Lyon                              27171 Wright
                    27085 Mc Lead                       27173 Yellow Medicine
                    27087 Mahnomen

                    28 Mississippi

                    28001 Adams                             28083 Leflore
                    28003 Alcorn                            28085 Lincoln
                    28005 Amite                             28087 Lowndes
                    28007 Attala                            28089 Madison
                    28009 Benton                            28091 Marion
                    28011 Bolivar                           28093 Marshall
                    28013 Calhoun                           28095 Monroe
                    28015 Carroll                           28097 Montgomery
                    28017 Chickasaw                         28099 Neshoba
                    28019 Choctaw                           28101 Newton
                    28021 Claiborne                         28103 Noxubee
                    28023 Clarke                            28105 Oktibbeha
                    28025 Clay                              28107 Panola
                    28027 Coahoma                           28109 Pearl River
                    28029 Copiah                            28111 Perry
                    28031 Covington                         28113 Pike
                    28033 De Soto                           28115 Pontotoc
                    28035 Forrest                           28117 Prentiss
                    28037 Franklin                          28119 Quitman
                    28039 George                            28121 Rankin
                    28041 Greene                            28123 Scott
                    28043 Grenada                           28125 Sharkey
                    28045 Hancock                           28127 Simpson
                    28047 Harrison                          28129 Smith
                    28049 Hinds                             28131 Stone
                    28051 Holmes                            28133 Sunflower
                    28053 Humphreys                         28135 Tallahatchie
                    28055 Issaquena                         28137 Tate
                    28057 Itawamba                          28139 Tippah
                    28059 Jackson                           28141 Tishomingo
                    28061 Jasper                            28143 Tunica
                    28063 Jefferson                         28145 Union
                    28065 Jefferson Davis                   28147 Walthall
                    28067 Jones                             28149 Warren
                    28069 Kemper                            28151 Washington
                    28071 Lafayette                         28153 Wayne
                    28073 Lamar                             28155 Webster
                    28075 Lauderdale                        28157 Wilkinson
                    28077 Lawrence                          28159 Winston
                    28079 Leake                             28161 Yalobusha
                    28081 Lee                               28163 Yazoo

                    29 Missouri

                    29001 Adair                             29117 Livingston
                    29003 Andrew                            29119 Mc Donald
                    29005 Atchison                          29121 Macon
                    29007 Audrain                           29123 Madison
                    29009 Barry                             29125 Maries
                    29011 Barton                            29127 Marion
                    29013 Bates                             29129 Mercer
                    29015 Benton                            29131 Miller 
                    29017 Bollinger                         29133 Mississippi
                    29019 Boone                             29135 Moniteau
                    29021 Buchanan                          29137 Monroe
                    29023 Butler                            29139 Montgomery
                    29025 Caldwell                          29141 Morgan
                    29027 Callaway                          29143 New Madrid
                    29029 Camden                            29145 Newton
                    29031 Cape Girardeau                    29147 Nodaway
                    29033 Carroll                           29149 Oregon
                    29035 Carter                            29151 Osage
                    29037 Cass                              29153 Ozark
                    29039 Cedar                             29155 Pemiscot
                    29041 Chariton                          29157 Perry
                    29043 Christian                         29159 Pettis
                    29045 Clark                             29161 Phelps
                    29047 Clay                              29163 Pike
                    29049 Clinton                           29165 Platte
                    29051 Cole                              29167 Polk
                    29053 Cooper                            29169 Pulaski
                    29055 Crawford                          29171 Putnam
                    29057 Dade                              29173 Ralls
                    29059 Dallas                            29175 Randolph
                    29061 Davies                            29177 Ray
                    29063 De Kalb                           29179 Reynolds
                    29065 Dent                              29181 Ripley
                    29067 Douglas                           29183 St Charles
                    29069 Dunklin                           29185 St Clair
                    29071 Franklin                          29187 St Francois
                    29073 Gasconade                         29189 St Louis
                    29075 Gentry                            29193 Ste
                                                            Genevieve
                    29077 Greene                            29195 Saline
                    29079 Grundy                            29197 Schuyler
                    29081 Harrison                          29199 Scotland
                    29083 Henry                             29201 Scott
                    29085 Hickory                           29203 Shannon
                    29087 Halt                              29205 Shelby
                    29089 Howard                            29207 Stoddard
                    29091 Howell                            29209 Stone
                    29093 Iron                              29211 Sullivan
                    29095 Jackson                           29213 Taney
                    29097 Jasper                            29215 Texas
                    29099 Jefferson                         29217 Vernon
                    29101 Johnson                           29219 Warren
                    29103 Knox                              29221 Washington
                    29105 Laclede                           29223 Wayne
                    29107 Lafayette                         29225 Webster
                    29109 Lawrence                          29227 Worth
                    29111 Lewis                             29229 Wright
                    29113 Lincoln                           29510 St Louis
                                                            City
                    29115 Linn

                    30 Montana

                    30001 Beaverhead                        30059 Meagher
                    30003 Big Horn                          30061 Mineral
                    30005 Blaine                            30063 Missoula
                    30007 Broadwater                        30065 Musselshell
                    30009 Carbon                            30067 Park
                    30011 Carter                            30069 Petroleum
                    30013 Cascade                           30071 Phillips
                    30015 Chouteau                          30073 Pondera
                    30017 Custer                            30075 Powder River
                    30019 Daniels                           30077 Powell
                    30021 Dawson                            30079 Prairie
                    30023 Deer Lodge                        30081 Ravalli
                    30025 Fallon                            30083 Richland
                    30027 Fergus                            30085 Roosevelt
                    30029 Flathead                          30087 Rosebud
                    30031 Gallatin                          30089 Sanders
                    30033 Garfield                          30091 Sheridan
                    30035 Glacier                           30093 Silver Bow
                    30037 Golden Valley                     30095 Stillwater
                    30039 Granite                           30097 Sweet Grass
                    30041 Hill                              30099 Teton
                    30043 Jefferson                         30101 Toole
                    30045 Judith Basin                      30103 Treasure
                    30047 Lake                              30105 Valley 
                    30049 Lewis and Clark                   30107 Wheatland
                    30051 Liberty                           30109 Wibaux
                    30053 Lincoln                           30111 Yellowstone
                    30055 Mc Cone                           30113 Yellowstone
                                                            National Park
                    30057 Madison

                    31 Nebraska

                    31001 Adams                             31095 Jefferson
                    31003 Antelope                          31097 Johnson
                    31005 Arthur                            31099 Kearney
                    31007 Banner                            31101 Keith
                    31009 Blaine                            31103 Keya Paha
                    31011 Boone                             31105 Kimball
                    31013 Box Butte                         31107 Knox
                    31015 Boyd                              31109 Lancaster
                    31017 Brown                             31111 Lincoln
                    31019 Buffalo                           31113 Logan
                    31021 Burt                              31115 Loup
                    31023 Butler                            31117 Mc Pherson
                    31025 Cass                              31119 Madison
                    31027 Cedar                             31121 Merrick
                    31029 Chase                             31123 Morrill
                    31031 Cherry                            31125 Nance
                    31033 Cheyenne                          31127 Nemaha
                    31035 Clay                              31129 Nuckolls
                    31037 Colfax                            31131 Otoe
                    31039 Coming                            31133 Pawnee
                    31041 Custer                            31135 Perkins
                    31043 Dakota                            31137 Phelps
                    31045 Dawes                             31139 Pierce
                    31047 Dawson                            31141 Platte
                    31049 Deuel                             31143 Polk
                    31051 Dixon                             31145 Red Willow
                    31053 Dodge                             31147 Richardson
                    31055 Douglas                           31149 Rock
                    31057 Dundy                             31151 Saline
                    31059 Fillmore                          31153 Sarpy
                    31061 Franklin                          31155 Saunders
                    31063 Frontier                          31157 Scotts Bluff
                    31065 Furnas                            31159 Seward
                    31067 Gage                              31161 Sheridan
                    31069 Garden                            31163 Sherman
                    31071 Garfield                          31165 Sioux
                    31073 Gosper                            31167 Stanton
                    31075 Grant                             31169 Thayer
                    31077 Greeley                           31171 Thomas
                    31079 Hall                              31173 Thurston
                    31081 Hamilton                          31175 Valley
                    31083 Harlan                            31177 Washington
                    31085 Hayes                             31179 Wayne
                    31087 Hitchcock                         31181 Webster
                    31089 Halt                              31183 Wheeler
                    31091 Hooker                            31185 York
                    31093 Howard

                    34 New Jersey

                    34037 Sussex                            34041 Warren
                    34039 Union

                    35 New Mexico

                    35001 Bernalillo                        35031 Mc Kinley
                    35003 Caron                             35033 Mora
                    35005 Chaves                            35035 Otero
                    35007 Colfax                            35037 Quay
                    35009 Curry                             35039 Rio Arriba
                    35011 De Baca                           35041 Roosevelt
                    35013 Dona Ana                          35043 Sandoval
                    35015 Eddy                              35045 San Juan
                    35017 Grant                             35047 San Miguel
                    35019 Guadalupe                         35049 Santa Fe
                    35021 Harding                           35051 Sierra
                    35023 Hidalgo                           35053 Socorro
                    35025 Lea                               35055 Taos
                    35027 Lincoln                           35057 Torrance
                    35028 Los Alamos                        35059 Union
                    35029 Luna                              35061 Valencia

                          
                    36 New York
                         
                    36001 Albany                            36011 Cayuga
                    36003 Allegany                          36013 Chautauqua
                    36005 Bronx                             36015 Chemung
                    36007 Broome                            36017 Chenango
                    36009 Cattaraugus                       36019 Clinton


                    37 North Carolina

                    37001 Alamance                          37051 Cumberland
                    37003 Alexander                         37053 Currituck
                    37005 Alleghany                         37055 Dare
                    37007 Anson                             37057 Davidson
                    37009 Ashe                              37059 Davie
                    37011 Avery                             37061 Duplin
                    37013 Beaufort                          37063 Durham
                    37015 Bertie                            37065 Edgecombe
                    37017 Bladen                            37067 Forsyth
                    37019 Brunswick                         37069 Franklin
                    37021 Buncombe                          37071 Gaston
                    37023 Burke                             37073 Gates
                    37025 Cabarrus                          37075 Graham
                    37027 Caldwell                          37077 Granville
                    37029 Camden                            37079 Greene
                    37031 Carteret                          37081 Guilford
                    37033 Caswell                           37083 Halifax
                    37035 Catawba                           37085 Harnett
                    37037 Chatham                           37087 Haywood
                    37039 Cherokee                          37089 Henderson
                    37041 Chowan                            37091 Hertford
                    37043 Clay                              37093 Hoke
                    37045 Cleveland                         37095 Hyde
                    37047 Columbus                          37097 Iredell
                    37049 Craven                            37099 Jackson

                    38 North Dakota

                    38001 Adams                             3&053 Mc Kenzie
                    38003 Barnes                            38055 Mc Lean
                    38005 Benson                            38057 Mercer
                    38007 Billings                          38059 Morton
                    38009 Bottineau                         38061 Mountrail
                    38011 Bowman                            38063 Nelson
                    38013 Burke                             38065 Oliver
                    38015 Burleigh                          38067 Pembina
                    38017 Cass                              38069 Pierce
                    38019 Cavalier                          38071 Ramsey
                    38021 Dickey                            38073 Ransom
                    38023 Divide                            38075 Renville
                    38025 Dunn                              38077 Richland
                    38027 Eddy                              38079 Rolette
                    38029 Emmons                            38081 Sargent
                    38031 Foster                            38083 Sheridan
                    38033 Golden Valley                     38085 Sioux
                    38035 Grand Forks                       38087 Slope
                    38037 Grant                             38089 Stark
                    38039 Griggs                            38091 Steele
                    38041 Hettinger                         38093 Stutsman
                    38043 Kidder                            38095 Towner
                    38045 La Moure                          38097 Traill
                    38047 Logan                             38099 Walsh
                    38049 Mc Henry                          38101 Ward
                    38051 Mc Intosh                         38103 Wells

                    39 Ohio

                    39097 Madison                           39137 Putnam
                    39099 Mahoning                          39139 Richland
                    39101 Marion                            39141 Ross
                    39103 Medina                            39143 Sandusky
                    39105 Meigs                             39145 Scioto
                    39107 Mercer                            39147 Seneca
                    39109 Miami                             39149 Shelby
                    39111 Monroe                            39151 Stark
                    39113 Montgomery                        39153 Summit
                    39115 Morgan                            39155 Trumbull
                    39117 Morrow                            39157 Tuscarawas
                    39119 Muskingum                         39159 Union
                    39121 Noble                             39161 Van Wert
                    39123 Ottawa                            39163 Vinton
                    39125 Paulding                          39165 Warren
                    39127 Perry                             39167 Washington
                    39129 Pickaway                          39169 Wayne
                    39131 Pike                              39171 Williams
                    39133 Portage                           39173 Wood
                    39135 Preble                            39175 Wyandot

                    40 Oklahoma

                    40001 Adair                             40131 Rogers
                    40003 Alfalfa                           40133 Seminole
                    40005 Atoka                             40135 Sequoyah
                    40007 Beaver                            40137 Stephens
                    40009 Beckham                           40139 Texas
                    40011 Blaine                            40141 Tillman
                    40013 Bryan                             40143 Tulsa
                    40015 Caddo                             40145 Wagoner
                    40017 Canadian                          40147 Washington
                    40125 Pottawatomie                      40149 Washita
                    40127 Pushmataha                        40151 Woods
                    40129 Roger Mills                       40153 Woodward

                    41 Oregon

                    41001 Baker                             41035 Klamath
                    41003 Benton                            41037 Lake
                    41005 Clackamas                         41039 Lane
                    41007 Clatsop                           41041 Lincoln
                    41009 Columbia                          41043 Linn
                    41011 Coos                              41045 Malheur
                    41013 Crook                             41047 Marion
                    41015 Curry                             41049 Morrow
                    41017 Deschutes                         41051 Multnomah
                    41019 Douglas                           41053 Polk
                    41021 Gilliam                           41055 Sherman
                    41023 Grant                             41057 Tillamook
                    41025 Harney                            41059 Umatilla
                    41027 Hood River                        41061 Union
                    41029 Jackson                           41063 Wallowa
                    41031 Jefferson                         41065 Wasco
                    41033 Josephine                         41067 Washington

                    42 Pennsylvania

                    42095 Northampton                       42115 Susquehanna
                    42097 Northumberland                    42117 Tioga
                    42099 Perry                             42119 Union
                    42101 Philadelphia                      42121 Venango
                    42103 Pike                              42123 Warren
                    42105 Potter                            42125 Washington
                    42107 Schuylkill                        42127 Wayne
                    42109 Snyder                            42129 Westmoreland
                    42111 Somerset                          42131 Wyoming
                    42113 Sullivan                          42133 York

                    44 Rhode Island

                    44001 Bristol                           44007 Providence
                    44003 Kent                              44009 Washington
                    44005 Newport

                    45 South Carolina

                    45001 Abbeville                         46075 Jones
                    45003 Aiken                             46077 Kingsbury
                    45005 Allendale                         46079 Lake
                    45007 Anderson                          46081 Lawrence
                    45009 Bamberg                           46083 Lincoln
                    45011 Barnwell                          46085 Lyman
                    45013 Beaufort                          46087 Mc Cook
                    45015 Berkeley                          46089 Mc Pherson
                    45017 Calhoun                           46091 Marshall
                    45019 Charleston                        46093 Meade
                    45021 Cherokee                          46095 Meilette
                    45023 Chester                           46097 Miner
                    45025 Chesterfield                      46099 Minnehaha
                    45027 Clarendon                         46101 Moody
                    45029 Colleton                          46103 Pennington
                    45031 Darlington                        46105 Perkins
                    45033 Dillon                            46107 Potter
                    45035 Dorchester                        46109 Roberts
                    45037 Edgefield                         46111 Sanborn
                    45039 Fairfield                         46113 Shannon
                    45049 Faulk                             46115 Spink
                    45051 Grant                             46117 Stanley
                    45053 Gregory                           46119 Sully
                    45055 Haakon                            46121 Todd
                    45057 Hamlin                            46123 Tripp
                    45059 Hand                              46125 Turner
                    45061 Hanson                            46127 Union
                    45063 Harding                           46129 Walworth
                    45065 Hughes                            46131 Washabaugh
                    46067 Hutchinson                        46135 Yankton
                    46069 Hyde                              46137 Ziebach
                    46071 Jackson
                    46073 Jerauld

                    47 Tennessee

                    47001 Anderson                          47149 Rutherford
                    47003 Bedford                           47151 Scott
                    47005 Benton                            47153 Sequatchie
                    47007 Bledsoe                           47155 Sevier
                    47009 Blount                            47157 Shelby
                    47117 Marshall                          47159 Smith
                    47119 Maury                             47161 Stewart
                    47121 Meigs                             47163 Sullivan
                    47123 Monroe                            47165 Sumner
                    47125 Montgomery                        47167 Tipton
                    47127 Moore                             47169 Trousdale
                    47129 Morgan                            47171 Unicoi
                    47131 Obion                             47173 Union
                    47133 Overton                           47175 Van Buren
                    47135 Perry                             47177 Warren
                    47137 Pickett                           47179 Washington
                    47139 Polk                              47181 Wayne
                    47141 Putnam                            47183 Weakley
                    47143 Rhea                              47185 White
                    47145 Roane                             47187 Williamson
                    47147 Robertson                         47189 Wilson

                    48 Texas

                    48001 Anderson                          48361 Orange
                    48003 Andrews                           48363 Palo Pinto
                    48005 Angelina                          48365 Panola
                    48007 Aransas                           48367 Parker
                    48009 Archer                            48369 Parmer
                    48011 Armstrong                         48371 Pecos
                    48013 Atascosa                          48373 Polk
                    48015 Austin                            48375 Potter
                    48017 Bailey                            48377 Presidio
                    48019 Bandera                           48379 Rains
                    48021 Bastrop                           48381 Randall

                    48023 Baylor                            48383 Reagan
                    48131 Duval                             48385 Real
                    48133 Eastland                          48387 Red River
                    48135 Ector                             48389 Reeves
                    48137 Edwards                           48391 Refugio
                    48139 Ellis                             48393 Roberts
                    48141 E1 Paso                           48395 Robertson
                    48143 Erath                             48397 Rockwall
                    48145 Falls                             48399 Runnels
                    48147 Fannin                            48401 Rusk
                    48149 Fayette                           48403 Sabine
                    48151 Fisher                            48405 San
                                                            Augustine
                    48153 Floyd                             48407 San Jacinto
                    48155 Foard                             48409 San Patricia
                    48157 Fort Bend                         48411 San Saba
                    48159 Franklin                          48413 Schleicher
                    48161 Freestone                         48415 Scurry
                    48163 Frio                              48417 Shackelford
                    48165 Gaines                            48419 Shelby
                    48167 Galveston                         48421 Sherman
                    48169 Garza                             48423 Smith
                    48171 Gillespie                         48425 Somervell
                    48173 Glascock                          48427 Starr
                    48175 Goliad                            48429 Stephens
                    48177 Gonzales                          48431 Sterling
                    48179 Gray                              48433 Stonewall
                    48181 Grayson                           48435 Sutton
                    48183 Gregg                             48437 Swiskier
                    48185 Grimes                            48439 Tarrant
                    48187 Guadalupe                         48441 Taylor
                    48189 Hale                              48443 Terrell
                    48191 Hall                              48445 Terry
                    48193 Hamilton                          48447 Throckmorton
                    48195 Hansford                          48449 Titus  
                    48197 Hardeman                          48451 Tom Green
                    48199 Hardin                            48453 Travis
                    48201 Harris                            48455 Trinity
                    48203 Harrison                          48457 Tyler
                    48205 Hartley                           48459 Upshur
                    48207 Haskell                           48461 Upton
                    48209 Hays                              48463 Uvaide
                    48211 Hemphill                          48465 Val Verde
                    48213 Henderson                         48467 Van Zandt
                    48215 Hidalgo                           48469 Victoria
                    48217 Hill                              48471 Walker
                    48219 Hockley                           48473 Waller
                    48221 Hood                              48475 Ward
                    48223 Hopkins                           48477 Washington
                    48225 Houston                           48479 Webb
                    48227 Howard                            48481 Wharton
                    48229 Hudspeth                          48483 Wheeler
                    48231 Hunt                              48485 Wichita
                    48233 Hutchinson                        48487 Wilbarger
                    48235 Irion                             48489 Willacy
                    48343 Morris                            48491 Williamson
                    48345 Motley                            48493 Wilson
                    48347 Nacogdoches                       48495 Winkler
                    48349 Navarro                           48497 Wise
                    48351 Newton                            48499 Wood
                    48353 Nolan                             48501 Yoakum
                    48355 Nueces                            48503 Young
                    48357 Ochiitree                         48505 Zapata
                    48359 Oldham                            48507 Zavala

                    49 Utah

                    49001 Beaver                            49031 Piute
                    49003 Box Elder                         49033 Rich
                    49005 Cache                             49035 Salt Lake
                    49007 Carbon                            49037 San Juan
                    49009 Daggett                           49039 Sanpete
                    49011 Davis                             49041 Sevier
                    49013 Duchesne                          49043 Summit
                    49015 Emery                             49045 Tooele
                    49017 Garfield                          49047 Uintah
                    49019 Grand                             49049 Utah
                    49021 Iron                              49051 Wasatch
                    49023 Juab                              49053 Washington
                    49025 Kane                              49055 Wayne
                    49027 Millard                           49057 Weber
                    49029 Morgan

                    50 Vermont

                    50001 Addison                           50015 Lamoille
                    50003 Bennington                        50017 Orange
                    50005 Caledonia                         50019 Orleans
                    50007 Chittenden                        50021 Rutland
                    50009 Essex                             50023 Washington
                    50011 Franklin                          50025 Windham
                    50013 Grand Isle                        50027 Windsor


                   51 Virginia

                   51001 Accomack                           51139 Page
                   51003 Albemarle                          51141 Patrick
                   51005 Alleghany                          51143 Pittsylvania
                   51007 Amelia                             51145 Powhatan
                   51009 Amherst                            51147 Prince
                                                            Edward
                   51011 Appomattox                         51149 Prince
                                                            George
                   51013 Arlington                          51153 Prince
                                                            William
                   51015 Augusta                            51155 Pulaski
                   51017 Bath                               51157 Rappahannock
                   51019 Bedford                            51159 Richmond
                   51021 Bland                              51161 Roanoke
                   51023 Botetourt                          51163 Rockbridge
                   51025 Brunswick                          51165 Rockingham
                   51027 Buchanan                           51167 Russell
                   51029 Buckingham                         51169 Scott
                   51031 Campbell                           51171 Shenandoah
                   51033 Caroline                           51173 Smyth
                   51035 Carroll                            51175 Southampton
                   51036 Charles City                       51177 Spotsylvania
                   51037 Charlotte                          51179 Stafford
                   51041 Chesterfield                       51181 Surry
                   51043 Clarke                             51183 Sussex
                   51045 Craig                              51185 Tazewell
                   51047 Culpeper                           51187 Warren
                   51049 Cumberland                         51191 Washington
                   51051 Dickenson                          51193 Westmoreland
                   51053 Dinwiddie                          51195 Wise
                   51057 Essex                              51197 Wythe
                   51059 Fairfax                            51199 York
                   51061 Fauquier                           51510 Alexandria
                                                            City
                   51063 Floyd                              51515 Bedford City
                   51065 Fluvanna                           51520 Bristol City
                   51067 Franklin                           51530 Buena Vista
                                                            City
            
                   51069 Frederick                          51540
                                                            Charlottesville
                                                            City
                   51071 Gibes                              51550 Chesapeake
                                                            City
                   51073 Gloucester                         51560 Clifton
                                                            Forge City
                   51075 Goochland                          51570 Colonial
                                                            Heights City
                   51077 Grayson                            51580 Cotington
                                                            City
                   51079 Greene                             51590 Danville
                                                            City
                   51081 Greensville                        51595 Emporia City
                   51083 Halifax                            51600 Fairfax City
                   51085 Hanover                            51610 Falls Church
                                                            City
                   51087 Henrico                            51620 Franklin
                                                            City
                   51089 Henry                              51630
                                                            Fredericksburg
                                                            City
                   51091 Highland                           51640 Galax City
                   51093 Isle Of Wight                      51650 Hampton City
                   51095 James City                         51660 Harrisonburg
                                                            City
                   51097 King And Queen                     51670 Hopewell
                                                            City
                   51099 King George                        51678 Lexington
                                                            City
                   51101 King William                       51680 Lynchburg
                                                            City
                   51103 Lancaster                          51690 Martinsville
                                                            City
                   51105 Lee                                51700 Newport News
                                                            City
                   51107 Loudoun                            51710 Norfolk City
                   51109 Louisa                             51720 Norton City
                   51111 Lunenberg                          51730 Petersburg
                                                            City
                   51113 Madison                            51740 Portsmouth
                                                            City
                   51115 Mathews                            51750 Radford City
                   51117 Mecklenburg                        51760 Richmond
                                                            City
                   51119 Middlesex                          51770 Roanoke City
                   51121 Montgomery                         51775 Salem City
                   51123 Nansemond                          51780 South Boston
                                                            City
                   51125 Nelson                             51790 Staunton
                                                            City
                   51127 New Kent                           51800 Suffolk City
                   51131 Northampton                        51810 Virginia
                                                            Beach City
                   51133 Northumberland                     51820 Waynesboro
                                                            City
                   51135 Nottoway                           51830 Williamsburg
                                                            City
                   51137 Orange                             51840 Winchester
                                                            City

                   53 Washington

                   53001 Adams                              53041 Lewis
                   53003 Asotin                             53043 Lincoln
                   53005 Benton                             53045 Mason
                   53007 Chelan                             53047 Okanogan
                   53009 Clallam                            53049 Pacific
                   53011 Clark                              53051 Pend Oreille
                   53013 Columbia                           53053 Pierce
                   53015 Cowlitz                            53055 San Juan
                   53017 Douglas                            53057 Skagit
                   53019 Ferry                              53059 Skamania
                   53021 Franklin                           53061 Snohomish
                   53023 Garfield                           53063 Spokane
                   53025 Grant                              53065 Stevens
                   53027 Grays Harbor                       53067 Thurston
                   53029 Island                             53069 Wahkiakum
                   53031 Jefferson                          53071 Walla Walla
                   53033 King                               53073 Whatcom
                   53035 Kitsap                             53075 Whitman
                   53037 Kittitas                           53077 Yakima
                   53039 Klickitat

                   54 west Virginia

                   54001 Barbour                            54057 Mineral
                   54003 Berkeley                           54059 Mingo
                   54005 Boone                              54061 Monongalia
                   54007 Braxton                            54063 Monroe
                   54009 Brooke                             54065 Morgan
                   54011 Cabell                             54067 Nicholas
                   54013 Calhoun                            54069 Ohio
                   54015 Clay                               54071 Pendleton
                   54017 Doddridge                          54073 Pleasants
                   54019 Fayette                            54075 Pocahontas
                   54021 Gilmer                             54077 Preston
                   54023 Grant                              54079 Putnam
                   54025 Greenbrjer                         54081 Raleigh
                   54027 Hampshire                          54083 Randolph
                   54029 Hancock                            54085 Ritchie
                   54031 Hardy                              54087 Roane
                   54033 Harrison                           54089 Summers
                   54035 Jackson                            54091 Taylor
                   54037 Jefferson                          54093 Tucker
                   54039 Kanawha                            54095 Tyler
                   54041 Lewis                              54097 Upshur
                   54043 Lincoln                            54099 Wayne
                   54045 Logan                              54101 Webster
                   54047 Me Dowell                          54103 Wetzel
                   54049 Marion                             54105 Wirt
                   54051 Marshall                           54107 Wood
                   54053 Mason                              54109 Wyoming
                   54055 Mercer

                   55 Wisconsin

                   55001 Adams                              55073 Marathon
                   55003 Ashland                            55075 Marinette
                   55005 Barron                             55077 Marquette
                   55007 Bayfield                           55078 Menominee
                   55009 Brown                              55079 Milwaukee
                   55011 Buffalo                            55081 Monroe
                   55013 Burnett                            55083 Oconto
                   55015 Calumet                            55085 Oneida
                   55017 Chippewa                           55087 Outagamie
                   55019 Clark                              55089 Ozaukee
                   55021 Columbia                           55091 Pepin
                   55023 Crawford                           55093 Pierce
                   55025 Dane                               55095 Polk
                   55027 Dodge                              55097 Portage
                   55029 Door                               55099 Price
                   55031 Douglas                            55101 Racine
                   55033 Dunn                               55103 Richland
                   55035 Eau Claire                         55105 Rock
                   55037 Florence                           55107 Rusk
                   55039 Fond Du Lac                        55109 St Croix
                   55041 Forest                             55111 Sauk
                   55043 Grant                              55113 Sawyer
                   55045 Green                              55115 Shawano
                   55047 Green Lake                         55117 Sheboygan
                   55049 Iowe                               55119 Taylor
                   55051 Iran                               55121 Trempealeau
                   55053 Jackson                            55123 Vernon
                   55055 Jefferson                          55125 Vilas
                   55057 Juneau                             55127 Walworth
                   55059 Kenosha                            55129 Washburn
                   55061 Kewaunee                           55131 Washington
                   55063 La Crosse                          55133 Waukesha
                   55065 Lafayette                          55135 Waupaca
                   55067 Langlade                           55137 Waushara
                   55069 Lincoln                            55139 Winnebago
                   55071 Manitowoc                          55141 Wood

                   56 Wyoming

                   56001 Albany                             56025 Natrona
                   56003 Big Horn                           56027 Niabrara
                   56005 Campbell                           56029 Park
                   56007 Carbon                             56031 Platte
                   56009 Converse                           56033 Sheridan
                   56011 Crook                              56035 Sublette
                   56013 Fremont                            56037 Sweetwater
                   56015 Goshen                             56039 Teton
                   56017 Hot Springs                        56041 Uinta
                   56019 Johnson                            56043 Washakie
                   56021 Laramie                            56045 Weston
                   56023 Lincoln



>> 1982 CANDIDATE LIST - PERSONAL INTERVIEWS

This is the list of candidate names used in the administration of the
1982 Personal Interviews.  In the field identifying the candidate's partisan 
affiliation the following party abbreviations are used:

      DEM=Democratic
      REP=Republican
      CON=Conservative
      LIB=Liberal
      RTL=Right to Life
      IND=Independent
      D-L=Democratic and Liberal
      R-C=Republican and Conservative
      DRL=Democratic and Republican and Liberal

      MEANING OF FIELDS
         COL 1 :      TYPE OF RECORD (1=HOUSE/2=SENATE/3=GOVERNOR)
         COL 3-4 :    ICPSR STATE CODE
         COL 6-7 :    STATE ALPHABETIC ABBREVIATION
         COL 9-10:    ACTUAL CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT NUMBER
         COL 12:      CANDIDATE GENDER (1=MALE/2=FEMALE)
         COL 15-16:   FUNCTIONAL CANDIDATE CODE
         COL 19-54:   CANDIDATE NAME
         COL 55-57:   PARTY OF CANDIDATE
         COL 65-BO:   STATE NAME (ALPHA)

      ALABAMA
         3 41 AL 00 1       51     George C Wallace           DEM  Alabama
         3 41 AL 00 1       52     Emory Folmar               REP  Alabama
         2 41 AL 00 1       17     Howell Heflin              DEM  Alabama
         2 41 AL 00 1       18     Jeremiah Denton            REP  Alabama
         1 41 AL 02 1       34     William L Dickinson        REP  Alabama
         1 41 AL 02 1       35     Billy Joe Camp             DEM  Alabama
         1 41 AL 03 1       33     Bill Nichols               DEM  Alabama

      ARKANSAS
         3 42 AR 00 1       54     Frank D White              REP  Arkansas
         3 42 AR 00 1       55     Bill Clinton               DEM  Arkansas
         2 42 AR 00 1       17     Dale Bumpers               DEM  Arkansas
         2 42 AR 00 1       18     David Pryor                DEM  Arkansas
         1 42 AR 01 1       33     Bill Alexander             DEM  Arkansas
         1 42 AR 01 1       36     Chuck Banks                REP  Arkansas
         1 42 AR 02 1       34     Ed Bethune                 REP  Arkansas
         1 42 AR 02 1       35     Charles L George           DEM  Arkansas
         1 42 AR 04 1       33     Beryl Anthony Jr           DEM  Arkansas
         1 42 AR 04 1       36     Bob Leslie                 REP  Arkansas

      ARIZONA
         3 61 AZ 00 1       53     Bruce Babbitt              DEM  Arizona
         3 61 AZ 00 1       56     Leo Corbet                 REP  Arizona
         2 61 AZ 00 1       13     Dennis DeConcklin          DEM  Arizona
         2 61 AZ 00 1       16     Pete Dunn                  REP  Arizona
         2 61 AZ 00 1       19     Barry Goldwater            REP  Arizona
         1 61 AZ 01 1       31     William E Hegarty          DEM  Arizona
         1 61 AZ 01 1       32     John McCain                REP  Arizona
         1 61 AZ 02 1       33     Morris K Udall             DEM  Arizona
         1 61 AZ 02 1       36     Roy B Laos                 REP  Arizona
         1 61 AZ 03 1       34     Bob Stump                  REP  Arizona
         1 61 AZ 03 1       35     Pat Bosch                  DEM  Arizona
         1 61 AZ 04 1       34     Eldon Rudd                 REP  Arizona
         1 61 AZ 04 1       35     Wayne D Earley             DEM  Arizona

      CALIFORNIA
         3 71 CA 00 1       51     Tom Bradley                DEM  California
         3 71 CA 00 1       52     George Deukme Ian          REP  California
         2 71 CA 00 1       11     Edmund G ~Jerry" Brown Jr  DEM  California
         2 71 CA 00 1       12     Pete Wilson                REP  California
         2 71 CA 00 1       19     Alan Cranston              DEM  California
         1 71 CA 02 1       34     Gene Chapple               REP  California
         1 71 CA 02 1       35     John Newmeyer              DEM  California
         1 71 CA 04 1       33     Vic Fazio                  DEM  California
         1 71 CA 04 1       36     Roger B Canfield           REP  California
         1 71 CA 05 1       33     Phillip Burton             DEM  California
         1 71 CA 05 1       36     Milton Marks               REP  California
         1 71 CA 06 2       31     Barbara Boxer              DEM  California
         1 71 CA 06 1       32     Dennis McQuaid             REP  California
         1 71 CA 08 1       33     Ronald V Dellums           DEM  California
         1 71 CA 08 1       36     Claude B Hutchison Jr      REP  California
         1 71 CA 09 1       33     Fortney H ~Pete~ Stark     DEM  California
         1 71 CA 09 1       36     Bill Kennedy               REP  California
         1 71 CA 11 1       33     Tom Lantos                 DEM  California
         1 71 CA 11 1       36     Bill Royer                 REP  California
         1 71 CA 12 1       31     Emmett Lynch               DEM  California
         1 71 CA 12 1       32     Ed Zechau                  REP  California
         1 71 CA 14 1       34     Norman D Shumway           REP  California
         1 71 CA 14 1       35     Baron Reed                 DEM  California
         1 71 CA 17 1       34     Charles Pashayan Dr.       REP  California
         1 71 CA 17 1       35     Gene Tackett               DEM  California
         1 71 CA 21 2       34     Bobbi Fiedler              REP  California
         1 71 CA 21 1       35     George Henry Margolis      DEM  California
         1 71 CA 22 1       34     Carlos Moorhead            REP  California
         1 71 CA 22 1       35     Harvey L Goldhammer        DEM  California
         1 71 CA 23 1       33     Anthony C Bellenson        DEM  California
         1 71 CA 23 1       36     David Armor                REP  California
         1 71 CA 24 1       33     Henry A Waxman             DEM  California
         1 71 CA 24 1       36     Jerry Zerg                 REP  California
         1 71 CA 25 1       33     Edward R. Roybal           DEM  California
         1 71 CA 26 1       31     Howard L Berman            DEM  California
         1 71 CA 26 1       32     Hal Phillips               REP  California
         1 71 CA 27 1       31     Mel Levine                 DEM  California
         1 71 CA 27 1       32     Bart W Christensen         REP  California
         1 71 CA 28 1       33     Julian C Dixon             DEM  California
         1 71 CA 28 1       36     David Goerz                REP  California
         1 71 CA 32 1       33     Glenn M Anderson           DEM  California
         1 71 CA 32 1       36     Brian Lungren              REP  California
         1 71 CA 33 1       34     David Dreler               REP  California
         1 71 CA 33 1       35     Paul Servelle              DEM  California
         1 71 CA 34 1       31     Esteban Torres             DEM  California
         1 71 CA 34 1       32     Paul R Jackson             REP  California
         1 71 CA 38 1       33     Jerry M Patterson          DEM  California
         1 71 CA 38 1       36     William F Dohr             REP  California
         1 71 CA 39 1       34     William E Dannemeyer       REP  California
         1 71 CA 39 1       35     Frank G Verges             DEM  California
         1 71 CA 41 1       34     Bill Lowery                REP  California
         1 71 CA 41 1       35     Tony Brandenburg           DEM  California
         1 71 CA 42 1       34     Dan Lungren                REP  California
         1 71 CA 42 1       35     James P Spellman           DEM  California
         1 71 CA 43 1       31     Roy "Pat" Archer           DEM  California
         1 71 CA 43 1       32     Johnny Crean               REP  California
         1 71 CA 43 1       39     Ron Packard                IND  California
         1 71 CA 44 1       31     Jim Bates                  DEM  California
         1 71 CA 44 2       32     Shirley M Glesendanner     REP  California
         1 71 CA 45 1       34     Duncan L Hunter            REP  California
         1 71 CA 45 1       35     Richard Hill               DEM  California

      COLORADO
         3 62 CO 00 1       53     Richard O Lamm             DEM  Colorado
         3 62 CO 00 1       56     John D Fuhr                REP  Colorado
         2 62 CO 00 1       17     Gary Hart                  DEM  Colorado
         2 62 CO 00 1       18     William R Armstrong        REP  Colorado
         1 62 CO 04 1       34     Hank Brown                 REP  Colorado
         1 62 CO 04 1       35     Charles L "Bud" Bishop     DEM  Colorado

     CONNECTICUT
         3 01 CT 00 1       53     William A O'Neill          DEM  Connecticut
         3 01 CT 00 1       56     Lewis B Rome               REP  Connecticut
         2 01 CT 00 1       14     Lowell P Welcker Jr        REP  Connecticut
         2 01 CT 00 1       15     Toby Moffett               DEM  Connecticut
         2 01 CT 00 1       19     Christopher J Dodd         DEM  Connecticut
         1 01 CT 02 1       33     Sam Geidenson              DEM  Connecticut
         1 01 CT 02 1       36     Tony Gugllelmo             REP  Connecticut
         1 01 CT 04 1       34     Stewart B McKinney         REP  Connecticut
         1 01 CT 04 1       35     John A Phillips            DEM  Connecticut

      FLORIDA
         3 43 FL 00 1       53     Robert Graham              DEM  Florida
         3 43 FL 00 1       56     LA "Skip" Bafalis          REP  Florida
         2 43 FL 00 1       13     Lawton Chiles              DEM  Florida
         2 43 FL 00 1       16     Van B Poole                REP  Florida
         2 43 FL 00 2       19     Paula Hawkins              REP  Florida
         1 43 FL 05 1       34     Bill McCollum              REP  Florida
         1 43 FL 05 1       35     Dick Batchelor             DEM  Florida
         1 43 FL 10 1       33     Andy Ireland               DEM  Florida
         1 43 FL 13 1       31     Dana N Stevens             DEM  Florida
         1 43 FL 13 1       32     Connie Mack                REP  Florida
         1 43 FL 16 1       31     Larry Smith                DEM  Florida
         1 43 FL 16 1       32     Maurice Berkowitz          REP  Florida
         1 43 FL 17 1       33     William Lehman             DEM  Florida
         1 43 FL 18 1       33     Claude Pepper              DEM  Florida
         1 43 FL 18 1       36     Ricardo Nunez              REP  Florida
         1 43 FL 19 1       33     Dante B Fascell            DEM  Florida
         1 43 FL 19 1       36     Glenn Rinker               REP  Florida

      GEORGIA
         3 44 GA 00 1       51     Joe Frank Harnis           DEM  Georgia
         3 44 GA 00 1       52     Bob Bell                   REP  Georgia
         2 44 GA 00 1       17     Sam Nunn                   DEM  Georgia
         2 44 GA 00 1       18     Mack Mattingly             REP  Georgia
         1 44 GA 02 1       33     Charles Hatcher            DEM  Georgia
         1 44 GA 04 1       33     Elliott H Levitas          DEM  Georgia
         1 44 GA 04 1       36     Diak Winder                REP  Georgia
         1 44 GA 05 1       33     Wyche Fowler Jr            DEM  Georgia
         1 44 GA 05 1       36     Paul Jones                 REP  Georgia
         1 44 GA 05 1       39     J D "Billy" McKinney       IND  Georgia
         1 44 GA 09 1       33     Ed Jenkins                 DEM  Georgia
         1 44 GA 09 1       36     Charles Sherwood           REP  Georgia

      IOWA
         3 31 IA 00 2       51      Roxanne Conlin            DEM  Iowa
         3 31 IA 00 1       52      Terry Branstad            REP  Iowa
         2 31 IA 00 1       17      Roger W Oepsen            REP  Iowa
         2 31 IA 00 1       18      Charles E Grassley        REP  Iowa
         1 31 IA 03 1       34      Cooper Evans              REP  Iowa
         1 31 IA 03 1       35      Lynn G Cutler             DEM  Iowa
         1 31 IA 05 1       33      Tom Harkin                DEM  Iowa
         1 31 IA 05 1       36      Arlyn E Danker            REP  Iowa

      ILLINOIS
         3 21 IL 00 1       54      James R Thompson          REP  Illinois
         3 21 IL 00 1       55      Adlai E Stevenson III     DEM  Illinois
         2 21 IL 00 1       17      Charles H Percy           REP  Illinois
         2 21 IL 00 1       18      Alan O Dixon              DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 01 1       33      Harold Washington         DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 01 1       36      Charles Allen Taliaferro  REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 03 1       33      Marty Russo               DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 03 1       36      Richard D Murphy          REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 04 1       34      George M O'Brien          REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 04 1       35      Michael A Murer           DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 05 1       31      William 0. Lipinski       DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 05 1       32      Daniel Partyka            REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 06 1       34      Henry O Hyde              REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 06 1       35      Leroy E Kennel            DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 08 1       33     Dan Rostenkowski           DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 08 2       36     Bonnie Hickey              REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 09 1       33     Sidney R Yates             DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 09 2       36     Catherine Bertini          REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 10 1       34     John Edward Porter         REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 10 2       35     Eugenia S Chapman          DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 11 1       33     Frank Annunzio             DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 11 1       36     James Moynihan             REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 12 1       34     Phillip M Crane            REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 12 1       35     Daniel G DeFosse           DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 13 1       34     John N Erlenborn           REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 13 1       35     Robert Billy               DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 14 1       34     Tom Corcoran               REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 14 1       35     Dan McGrath                DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 15 1       34     Edward R Madigan           REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 15 1       35     Tim L Hall                 DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 18 1       34     Robert H Michel            REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 18 1       35     G Douglas Stephens         DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 21 1       33     Melvin Price               DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 21 1       36     Robert H Gaffner           REP  Illinois
         1 21 IL 22 1       33     Paul Simon                 DEM  Illinois
         1 21 IL 22 1       36     Peter G Prineas            REP  Illinois

      INDIANA
         2 22 IN 00 1       14     Richard G Logan            REP  Indiana
         2 22 IN 00 1       15     Floyd Ilthian              DEM  Indiana
         2 22 IN 00 1       19     Dan Quayle                 REP  Indiana
         1 22 IN 01 2       31     Katie Hall                 DEM  Indiana
         1 22 IN 01 1       32     Thomas H Krieger           REP  Indiana
         1 22 IN 06 1       31     George Grablanowski        DEM  Indiana
         1 22 IN 06 1       32     Dan Burton                 REP  Indiana
         1 22 IN 10 1       33     Andrew Jacobs Jr           DEM  Indiana
         1 22 IN 10 1       36     Michael A Carrel           REP  Indiana

      KENTUCKY
         2 51 KY 00 1       17     Walter "Deer" Huddleston   DEM  Kentucky
         2 51 KY 00 1       18     Wendell H Ford             DEM  Kentucky
         1 51 KY 01 1       33     Carroll Hubbard Jr         DEM  Kentucky
         1 51 KY 03 1       33     Romano L Mazzoli           DEM  Kentucky
         1 51 KY 03 1       36     Carl Brown                 REP  Kentucky
         1 51 KY 04 1       34     Gene Snyder                REP  Kentucky
         1 51 KY 04 1       35     Terry L Mann               DEM  Kentucky

      LOUISIANA
         2 45 LA 00 1       17     Russell B Long             DEM  Louisiana
         2 45 LA 00 1       18     J Bennett Johnston         DEM  Louisiana
         1 45 LA 05 1       33     Jerry Huckaby              DEM  Louisiana
         1 45 LA 07 1       33     John B Breaux              DEM  Louisiana

      MASSACHUSETTS
         3 03 MA 00 1       51      Michael S Dukakis       DEM  Massachusetts
         3 03 MA 00 1       52      John W Sears            REP  Massachusetts
         2 03 MA 00 1       13      Edward M "Ted" Kennedy  DEM  Massachusetts
         2 03 MA 00 1       16      Raymond Shamie          REP  Massachusetts
         2 03 MA 00 1       19      Paul E Tsongas          DEM  Massachusetts
         1 03 MA 01 1       34      Silvio O Conte          REP  Massachusetts
         1 03 MA 02 1       33      Edward P Boland         DEM  Massachusetts
         1 03 MA 02 1       36      Thomas P Swank          REP  Massachusetts
         1 03 MA 03 1       33      Joseph D Early          DEM  Massachusetts
         1 03 MA 07 1       33      Edward J Markey         DEM  Massachusetts
         1 03 MA 07 1       36      David M Baslle          REP  Massachusetts
         1 03 MA 08 1       33      Thomas P O'Neill Jr     DEM  Massachusetts
         1 03 MA 08 1       36      Frank Luke McNamara     REP  Massachusetts
         1 03 MA 09 1       33      Joe Moakley             DEM  Massachusetts
         1 03 MA 09 2       36      Deborah R Cochran       REP  Massachusetts

      MARYLAND
         3 52 MD 00 1       53     Harry R Hughes           DEM  Maryland
         3 52 MD 00 1       56     Robert A Pascal          REP  Maryland
         2 52 MD 00 1       13     Paul Sarbanes            DEM  Maryland
         2 52 MD 00 1       16     Lawrence J Hogan         REP  Maryland
         2 52 MD 00 1       19     Charles Mc Mathias       REP  Maryland
         1 52 MD 01 1       33     Roy Dyson                DEM  Maryland
         1 52 MD 01 1       36     C A Porter Hopkins       REP  Maryland
         1 52 MD 02 1       33     Clarence D Long          DEM  Maryland
         1 52 MD 02 2       36     Helen Dellch Bentley     REP  Maryland
         1 52 MD 07 1       33     Parren J Mitchell        DEM  Maryland
         1 52 MD 07 2       36     M Leonora Jones          REP  Maryland
         1 52 MD 08 1       33     Michael D Barnes         DEM  Maryland
         1 52 MD 08 2       36     Elizabeth W Spencer      REP  Maryland

      MAINE
         3 02 ME 00 1       53     Joseph E Brennan           DEM  Maine
         3 02 ME 00 1       56     Charles L Cragin           REP  Maine
         2 02 ME 00 1       13     George J Mitchell          DEM  Maine
         2 02 ME 00 1       16     David F Emery              REP  Maine
         2 02 ME 00 1       19     William S Cohen            REP  Maine
         1 02 ME 01 1       31     John M Kerry               DEM  Maine
         1 02 ME 01 1       32     John R McKernan Jr         REP  Maine

      MICHIGAN
         3 23 MI 00 1       51     James J Blanchard          DEM  Michigan
         3 23 MI 00 1       52     Richard H Headlee          REP  Michigan
         2 23 MI 00 1       13     Donald W Riegle Jr         DEM  Michigan
         2 23 MI 00 1       16     Philip E Ruppe             REP  Michigan
         2 23 MI 00 1       19     Carl Levin                 DEM  Michigan
         1 23 MI 01 1       33     John Conyers Jr            DEM  Michigan
         1 23 MI 04 1       34     Mark Siljander             REP  Michigan
         1 23 MI 04 1       35     David A Masiokas           DEM  Michigan
         1 23 MI 07 1       33     Dale E Kildee              DEM  Michigan
         1 23 MI 07 1       36     George R Darrah            REP  Michigan
         1 23 MI 14 1       33     Dennis M Hertel            DEM  Michigan
         1 23 MI 15 1       33     William D Ford             DEM  Michigan
         1 23 MI 15 1       36     Mitchell Moran             REP  Michigan
         1 23 MI 16 1       33     John D Dingell             DEM  Michigan
         1 23 MI 16 1       36     David K Haskins            REP  Michigan
         1 23 MI 17 1       31     Sander Levin               DEM  Michigan
         1 23 MI 17 1       32     Gerald E Rosen             REP  Michigan
         1 23 MI 18 1       34     William S Broomfield       REP  Michigan
         1 23 MI 18 1       35     Allen J Sipher             DEM  Michigan

      MINNESOTA
         3 33 MN 00 1       51     Rudy Perpich               DEM  Minnesota
         3 33 MN 00 1       52     Wheelock Whitney           REP  Minnesota
         2 33 MN 00 1       14     David Durenberger       .  REP  Minnesota
         2 33 MN 00 1       15     Mark Dayton                DEM  Minnesota
         2 33 MN 00 1       19     Rudy Boschwitz             REP  Minnesota
         1 33 MN 04 1       33     Bruce F Vento              DEM  Minnesota
         1 33 MN 04 1       36     Bill James                 REP  Minnesota
         1 33 MN 05 1       33     Martin Olav Sabo           DEM  Minnesota
         1 33 MN 05 1       36     Keith W Johnson            REP  Minnesota
         1 33 MN 06 1       34     Arlen Erdahl               REP  Minnesota
         1 33 MN 06 1       35     Gerry Sikorski             DEM  Minnesota

      MISSOURI
         2 34 MO 00 1       14     John C Danforth            REP  Missouri
         2 34 MO 00 2       15     Harriet Woods              DEM  Missouri
         2 34 MO 00 1       19     Thomas F Eagleton          DEM  Missouri
         1 34 MO 03 1       33     Richard A Gephardt         DEM  Missouri
         1 34 MO 03 1       36     Richard Forlstel           REP  Missouri
         1 34 MO OR 1       34     Bill Emerson               REP  Missouri
         1 34 MO 08 1       35     Jerry Ford                 DEM  Missouri
         1 34 MO 09 1       33     Harold L Volkmer           DEM  Missouri
         1 34 MO 09 1       36     Larry E Mead               REP  Missouri

      MISSISSIPPI
         2 46 MS 00 1       13     John C Stennis             DEM  Mississippi
         2 46 MS 00 1       16     Haley Barbour              REP  Mississippi
         2 46 MS 00 1       19     Thad Cochran               REP  Mississippi
         1 46 MS 03 1       33     G V "Sonny" Montgomery     DEM  Mississippi
         1 46 MS 04 1       33     Wayne Dowdy                DEM  Mississippi
         1 46 MS 04 1       36     Liles Williams             REP  Mississippi

      NORTH CAROLINA
         2 47 NC 00 1       17     Jesse Helms             REP  North Carolina
         2 47 NC 00 1       18     John P East             REP  North Carolina
         1 47 NC 01 1       33     Walter B Jones          DEM  North Carolina
         1 47 NC 01 1       36     James F McIntyre III    REP  North Carolina
         1 47 NC 10 1       34     James T Broyhill        REP  North Carolina

      NEBRASKA 
         3 35 NE 00 1       54     Charles Thone              REP  Nebraska
         3 35 NE 00 1       55     Bob Kerrey                 DEM  Nebraska
         2 35 NE 00 1       13     Edward Zortnsky            DEM  Nebraska
         2 35 NE 00 1       16     Jim Keck                   REP  Nebraska
         2 35 NE 00 1       19     J James Exon               DEM  Nebraska
         1 35 NE 03 2       34     Virginia Smith             REP  Nebraska

      NEW JERSEY
         2 12 NJ 00 1       11     Frank R Lautenberg        DEM  New Jersey
         2 12 NJ 00 2       12     Millicent Fenwick         REP  New Jersey
         2 12 NJ 00 1       19     Bill Bradley              DEM  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 01 1       33     James L Florid            DEM  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 01 1       36     John A Dramesi            REP  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 04 1       34     Christopher H Smith       REP  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 04 1       35     Joseph P Merlino          DEM  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 06 1       33     Bernard J Dwyer           DEM  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 06 1       36     Bertram L Buckler         REP  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 07 1       34     Matthew O Rinaldo         REP  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 07 1       35     Adam K Levis              DEM  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 11 1       33     Joseph G Minish           DEM  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 11 1       36     Rey Redington             REP  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 12 1       34     Jim Courter               REP  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 12 1       35     Jeff Connor               DEM  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 13 1       34     Edwin B Forsythe          REP  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 13 1       35     George Callas             DEM  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 14 1       33     Frank J Guarini           DEM  New Jersey
         1 12 NJ 14 1       36     Charles J Catrillo        REP  New Jersey

      NEW YORK
         3 13 NY 00 1       51     Mario M Cuomo             D-L  New York
         3 13 NY 00 1       52     Lew Lehrman               R-C  New York
         2 13 NY 00 1       13     Daniel Patrick Moynihan   D-L  New York
         2 13 NY 00 2       16     Florence Sullivan         R-C  New York
         2 13 NY 00 1       19     Alfonse M D'Amato         REP  New York
         1 13 NY 03 1       34     John LeBoutillier         R-C  New York
         1 13 NY 03 1       35     Robert J Mrazek           DEM  New York
         1 13 NY 03 1       37     Edward Birnbaum           LIB  New York
         1 13 NY 04 1       34     Norman F Lent             R-C  New York
         1 13 NY 04 1       35     Robert P Zimmerman        D-L  New York
         1 13 NY 04 1       39     John J Dunkle             RTL  New York
         1 13 NY 06 1       33     Joseph P Addabbo          D-L  New York
         1 13 NY 06 1       37     Mark E Scott              CON  New York
         1 13 NY 08 1       33     James H Schemer           D-L  New York
         1 13 NY 08 1       37     John T Blume              CON  New York
         1 13 NY 10 1       33     Charles E Schumer         D-L  New York
         1 13 NY 10 1       36     Stephen Marks             R-C  New York
         1 13 NY 10 2       39     Alice J Bertolotti        RTL  New York
         1 13 NY 11 1       31     Edolphus Towns            DEM  New York
         1 13 NY 11 1       32     James W Smith             REP  New York
         1 13 NY 11 1       37     Patrick W Giagnacova      LIB  New York
         1 13 NY 12 1       31     Major R Owens             D-L  New York
         1 13 NY 12 1       32     David Katan So            REP  New York
         1 13 NY 12 1       37     David E Rosenstroch       CON  New York
         1 13 NY 14 1       33     Leo C Zeferetti           DEM  New York
         1 13 NY 14 1       34     Guy V Molinari            R-C  New York
         1 13 NY 14 1       37     Carl F Grillo             LIB  New York
         1 13 NY 15 1       34     Bill Green                REP  New York
         1 13 NY 15 2       35     Betty G Lall              D-L  New York
         1 13 NY 15 1       37     Henry VanRossem           CON  New York
         1 13 NY 16 1       33     Charles B Rangel          D-L  New York
         1 13 NY 16 1       37     Michael T Berns           CON  New York
         1 13 NY 17 1       33     Ted Weiss                 D-L  New York
         1 13 NY 17 1       36     Louls S Antonelli         R-C  New York
         1 13 NY 18 1       33     Robert Garcia             DRL  New York
         1 13 NY 18 1       37     Mario Pichler             CON  New York
         1 13 NY 20 1       33     Richard L Ottinger        DEM  New York
         1 13 NY 20 1       36     Don S Fossel              R-C  New York
         1 13 NY 20 2       39     Florence T O'Grady        RTL  New York
         1 13 NY 25 2       31     Anita Maxwell             DEM  New York
         1 13 NY 25 1       32     Sherwood L Boehlert       REP  New York
         1 13 NY 25 1       39     Donald J Thomas           RTL  New York
         1 13 NY 27 1       34     George C Wortley          REP  New York
         1 13 NY 27 2       35     Elaine Lytel              D-L  New York
         1 13 NY 27 1       37     Thomas M Hunter           CON  New York
         1 13 NY 28 1       33     Matthew F McHugh          O-L  New York
         1 13 NY 28 1       36     David F Crowley           R-C  New York
         1 13 NY 28 1       39     Mark Masterson            RTL  New York

      OHIO
         3 24 OH 00 1       51     Richard F Celeste         DEM  Ohio
         3 24 OH 00 1       52     Clarence O Brown          REP  Ohio
         2 24 OH 00 1       13     Howard M Metzenbaum       DEM  Ohio
         2 24 OH 00 1       16     Paul E Pfeffer            REP  Ohio
         2 24 OH 00 1       19     John Glenn                DEM  Ohio
         1 24 OH 03 1       33     Tony P Hall               DEM  Ohio
         1 24 OH 04 1       34     Michael Oxley             REP  Ohio
         1 24 OH 04 1       35     Robert W Moon             DEM  Ohio
         1 24 OH 07 1       31     Roger D Tackett           DEM  Ohio
         1 24 OH 07 1       32     Michael Dewine            REP  Ohio
         1 24 OH 08 1       34     Thomas N Kindness         REP  Ohio
         1 24 OH 08 1       35     John W Griffin            DEM  Ohio
         1 24 OH 09 1       34     Ed Weber                  REP  Ohio
         1 24 OH 09 2       35     Marcy Kaptur              DEM  Ohio
         1 24 OH 11 1       33     Dennis E Eckart           DEM  Ohio
         1 24 OH 11 1       36     Glen W Warner             REP  Ohio
         1 24 OH 19 1       31     Edward F Feighan          DEM  Ohio
         1 24 OH 19 1       32     Richard G Anter II        REP  Ohio
         1 24 OH 20 2       33     Mary Rose Oakar           DEM  Ohio
         1 24 OH 20 1       36     Paris T LeJeune           REP  Ohio
         1 24 OH 21 1       33     Louis Stokes              DEM  Ohio
         1 24 OH 21 1       36     Alan G Shatteen           REP  Ohio

      OKLAHOMA
         3 53 OK 00 1       53     George Nigh               DEM  Oklahoma
         3 53 OK 00 1       56     Tom Daxon                 REP  Oklahoma
         2 53 OK 00 1       17     David L Boren             DEM  Oklahoma
         2 53 OK 00 1       18     Don Nickles               REP  Oklahoma
         1 53 OK 01 1       33     James R Jones             DEM  Oklahoma
         1 53 OK 01 1       36     Richard C Freeman         REP  Oklahoma
         1 53 OK 02 1       33     Mike Synar                DEM  Oklahoma
         1 53 OK 02 1       36     Lou Striegel              REP  Oklahoma

      OREGON
         3 72 OR 00 1       54     Victor L Atlyeh           REP  Oregon
         3 72 OR 00 1       55     Ted Kulongoski            DEM  Oregon
         2 72 OR 00 1       17     Mark O Hatfield           REP  Oregon
         2 72 OR 00 1       18     Bob Packwood              REP  Oregon 

         1 72 OR 04 1       33     James Weaver              DEM  Oregon
         1 72 OR 04 1       36     Ross Anthony              REP  Oregon

      PENNSYLVANIA
         3 14 PA 00 1       54     Richard L Thornburgh      REP  Pennsylvania
         3 14 PA 00 1       55     Allen E Ertel             DEM  Pennsylvania
         2 14 PA 00 1       14     John Heinz                REP  Pennsylvania
         2 14 PA 00 1       15     Cecil H Wecht             DEM  Pennsylvania
         2 14 PA 00 1       19     Arlen Specter             REP  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 01 1       33     Thomas M Fogiletta        DEM  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 01 1       36     Michael Marino            REP  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 02 1       33     William H Gray III        DEM  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 02 1       39     Milton Street             IND  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 03 1       34     Charles F Dougherty       REP  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 03 1       35     Robert A Borski           DEM  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 05 1       34     Richard T Schulze         REP  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 05 1       35     Bob Burger                DEM  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 11 1       34     James L Nelligan          REP  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 11 1       35     Frank Harrison            DEM  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 14 1       33     William J Coyne           DEM  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 14 1       36     John R Clark              REP  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 16 1       34     Robert S Walker           REP  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 16 2       35     Dean D Mowery             DEM  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 17 1       31     Larry d Hochendoner       DEM  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 17 1       32     George W Gekas            REP  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 18 1       33     Doug Walgren              DEM  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 18 1       36     Ted Jacob .               REP  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 22 1       33     Austin J Murphy           DEM  Pennsylvania
         1 14 PA 22 1       36     Frank Paterra             REP  Pennsylvania

      SOUTH CAROLINA
         3 48 SC 00 1       53     Richard Riley           DEM  South Carolina
         3 48 SC 00 1       56     William D Workman Dr.   REP  South Carolina
         2 48 SC 00 1       17     Strom Thurmond          REP  South Carolina
         2 48 SC 00 1       18     Ernest F Hollings       DEM  South Carolina
         1 48 SC 02 1       34     Floyd Spence            REP  South Carolina
         1 48 SC 02 1       35     Ken Mosely              DEM  South Carolina

      SOUTH DAKOTA
         3 37 SD 00 1       54     William J Danklow         REP  South Dakota
         3 37 SD 00 1       55     Mike O'Connor             DEM  South Dakota
         2 37 SD 00 1       17     Larry Pressler            REP  South Dakota
         2 37 SD 00 1       18     James Abdnor              REP  South Dakota
         1 37 SD 98 1       33     Thomas A Daschle          DEM  South Dakota
         1 37 SD 98 1       34     Clint Roberts             REP  South Dakota

      TENNESSEE
         3 54 TN 00 1       54     Lamar Alexander           REP  Tennessee
         3 54 TN 00 1       55     Randy Tyree               DEM  Tennessee
         2 54 TN 00 1       13     Jim Sasser                DEM  Tennessee
         2 54 TN 00 1       16     Robin L Beard             REP  Tennessee
         2 54 TN 00 1       19     Howard H Baker Jr         REP  Tennessee
         1 54 TN 04 1       31     Jim Cooper                DEM  Tennessee
         1 54 TN 04 2       32     Cissy Baker               REP  Tennessee

      TEXAS
         3 49 TX 00 1       54     William P Clements Jr     REP  Texas
         3 49 TX 00 1       55     Mark White                DEM  Texas
         2 49 TX 00 1       13     Lloyd Bentsen             DEM  Texas
         2 49 TX 00 1       16     James M Collins           REP  Texas
         2 49 TX 00 1       19     John Tower                REP  Texas
         1 49 TX 07 1       34     Bill Archer               REP  Texas
         1 49 TX 07 1       35     Dennis Scoggins           DEM  Texas
         1 49 TX 08 1       34     Jack Fields               REP  Texas
         1 49 TX 08 1       35     Henry E Allee             DEM  Texas
         1 49 TX 17 1       33     Charles W Stenholm        DEM  Texas
         1 49 TX 18 1       33     Mickey Leland             DEM  Texas
         1 49 TX 18 1       36     C Leon Pickett            REP  Texas
         1 49 TX 22 1       34     Ron Paul                  REP  Texas

      UTAH
         2 67 UT 00 1       14     Doris G Hatch             REP  Utah
         2 67 UT 00 1       15     Ted Wilson                DEM  Utah
         2 67 UT 00 1       19     Jake Garn                 REP  Utah
         1 67 UT 02 1       34     Dan Marriott              REP  Utah
         1 67 UT 02 2       35     Frances Farley            DEM  Utah
         1 67 UT 03 1       32     Howard C Nielson          REP  Utah
         1 67 UT 03 1       39     Henry A Hulsh             IND  Utah

      VIRGINIA
         2 40 VA 00 1       11     Richard J Davis           DEM  Virginia
         2 40 VA 00 1       12     Paul S Trivle Jr          REP  Virginia
         2 40 VA 00 1       19     John W Warner             REP  Virginia
         1 40 VA 03 1       34     Thomas J Billey Jr        REP  Virginia
         1 40 VA 03 1       35     John Waldrop Jr           DEM  Virginia
         1 40 VA 08 1       34     Stan Parris               REP  Virginia
         1 40 VA 08 1       35     Herbert E Harris II       DEM  Virginia
         1 40 VA 10 1       34     Frank R Wolf              REP  Virginia
         1 40 VA 10 1       35     Ira M Lechner             DEM  Virginia

      WASHINGTON
         2 73 WA 00 1       13     Henry M "Scoop" Jackson   DEM  Washington
         2 73 WA 00 1       16     Doug Jewett               REP  Washington
         2 73 WA 00 1       19     Slade Gorton              REP  Washington
         1 73 WA 01 1       34     Joel Pritchard            REP  Washington
         1 73 WA 01 1       35     Brian Long                DEM  Washington
         1 73 WA 02 1       33     Al Swift                  DEM  Washington
         1 73 WA 02 2       36     Joan Houchen              REP  Washington
         1 73 WA 07 1       33     Mike Lowry                DEM  Washington
         1 73 WA 07 1       36     Bob Douse                 REP  Washington
         1 73 WA 08 2       31     Beth Bland                DEM  Washington
         1 73 WA 08 1       32     Rodney Chandler           REP  Washington

      WISCONSIN
         3 25 WI 00 1       51     Anthony S Earl            DEM  Wisconsin
         3 25 WI 00 1       52     Terry Kohler              REP  Wisconsin
         2 25 WI 00 1       13     William Proxmire          DEM  Wisconsin
         2 25 WI 00 1       16     Scott McCallum            REP  Wisconsin
         2 25 WI 00 1       19     Robert W Kasten Jr        REP  Wisconsin
         1 25 WI 06 1       34     Thomas E Petri            REP  Wisconsin
         1 25 WI 06 1       35     Gordon E Loehr            DEM  Wisconsin
         1 25 WI 09 1       34     F James Sensenbrenner Jr  REP  Wisconsin

      WEST VIRGINIA
         2 56 WV 00 1       13     Robert C Byrd           DEM  West Virginia
         2 56 WV 00 1       16     Cleve Benedict          REP  West Virginia
         2 56 WV 00 1       19     Jennings Randolph       DEM  West Virginia
         1 56 WV 03 1       34     David Michael Staton    REP  West Virginia
         1 56 WV 03 1       35     Bob Wise                DEM  West Virginia




>> 1982 CANDIDATE LIST - CATI INTERVIEWS

This is the list of candidate names used in the administration the ISR and
BERKELEY CATI interviews.  Each cluster is headed by a line containing a 
three digit code which is the Telephone Cluster Identification Number 
documented in the codebook as v4. Correct pronunciation of the candidate 
name was inserted where necessary to insure consistent pronunciation and 
appears here < >.  In the field identifying the candidate's partisan 
affiliation the following party abbreviations are used:

        DEM=Democratic
        REP=Republican
        CON=Conservative
        LIB=Liberal
        RTL=Right to Life
        IND=Independent
        D-L=Democratic and Liberal
        R-C=Republican and Conservative
        DRL=Democratic and Republican and Liberal

        MEANING OF FIELDS
        COL 1 : TYPE OF RECORD (1=HOUSE/2=SENATE/3=GOVERNOR)
        COL 2 : SEQUENTIAL CO NUMBER WITHIN CLUSTER
        COL 3-4 : ICPSR STATE COOK
        COL 6-7 : STATE ALPHABETIC ABBREVIATION
        COL 9-10: ACTUAL CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT NUMBER
        COL 12: CANDIDATE GENDER (1=MALE/2=FEMALE)
        COL 15-16: FUNCTIONAL CANDIDATE CODE
        COL 19-54: CANDIDATE NAME
        COL 55-57: PARTY OF CANDIDATE
        COL.65-80: STATE NAME (ALPHA)

        086
            3 41 AL 00 1        51      George C Wallace          DEM  Alabama
            3 41 AL 00 1        52      Emory Folmar              REP  Alabama
            1141 AL 03 1        33      Bill Nichols              DEM  Alabama

        074
            3 61 AZ 00 1        53      Bruce Babbitt             DEM  Arizona
            3 61 AZ 00 1        56      Leo Corbet                REP  Arizona
            2 61 AZ 00 1        13      Dennis DeConcklin         DEM  Arizona
            2 61 AZ 00 1        16      Pete Dunn                 REP  Arizona
            1161 AZ 01 1        31      William E Hegarty         DEM  Arizona
            1161 AZ 01 1        32      John McCain               REP  Arizona
            1261 AZ 02 1        33      Morris K Udall            DEM  Arizona
            1261 A2 02 1        36      Roy B Laos <LAHos>        REP  Arizona
            1361 AZ 04 1        34      Eldon Rudd                REP  Arizona
            1361 AZ 04 1        35      Wayne O Earley            DEM  Arizona

         082
            3 42 AR 00 1        54      Frank D White            REP  Arkansas
            3 42 AR 00 1        55      Bill Clinton             DEM  Arkansas
            1142 AR 02 1        34      Ed Bethune <bethOON>     REP  Arkansas
            1142 AR 02 1        35      Charles L George         DEM  Arkansas

         069
            3 71 CA 00 1        51      Tom Bradley            DEM  California
            3 71 CA 00 1        52      George Deukmenian      REP  California
            2 71 CA 00 1        11      Edmund G "derry" Brown Dr. 
                                                               DEM  California
            2 71 CA 00 1        12      Pete Wilson            REP  California
            1171 CA 21 2        34      Bobbi Fiedler          REP  California
            1171 CA 21 1        35      George Henry Margolis  DEM  California
            1271 CA 22 1        34      Carlos d Moorhead      REP  California
            1271 CA 22 1        35      Harvey L Goldhammer    DEM  California
            1371 CA 26 1        31      Howard L Berman        DEM  California
            1371 CA 26 1        32      Hal Phillips           REP  California

        067
            1171 CA 27 1        31      Mel Levine            DEM  California
            1171 CA 27 1        32      Bart W Christensen    REP  California
            1271 CA 31 1        33      Mervyn M O'Mally      DEM  California
            1271 CA 31 1        36      Henry C Minturn       REP  California
            1371 CA 42 1        34      Dan Lungren <lunGRIN> REP  California
            1371 CA 42 1        35      James P Spellman      DEM  California

        066
            1171 CA 23 1        33      Anthony C Be1lenson   DEM  California
            1171 CA 23 1        36      David Armor           REP  California
            1271 CA 24 1        33      Henry A Waxman        DEM  California
            1271 CA 24 1        36      Derry Zerg            REP  California
            1371 CA 26 1        31      Howard L Berman       DEM  California
           1371 CA 26 1         32      Hal Phillips          REP  California

        068
           1171 CA 27 1         31      Mel Levine            DEM  California
           1171 CA 27 1         32      Bart W Chr1stensen    REP  California
           1271 CA 31 1         33      Mervyn M O'Mally      DEM  California
           1271 CA 31 1         36      Henry C Minturn       REP  California
           1371 CA 42 1         34      Dan Lungren <lunGRIN> REP  California
           1371 CA 42 1         35      James P Spellman      DEM  California

        065
           1171 CA 10 1         33      Don Edwards           DEM  California
           1171 CA 10 1         36      Bob Herriott          REP  California
           1271 CA 12 1         31      Emmett Lynch          DEM  California
           1271 CA 12 1         32      Ed Zechau <shahw>     REP  California
           1371 CA 13 1         33      Norman Y Mineta <minEHta> 
                                                              DEM  California
           1371 CA 13 1         36      Tom Kelly             REP  California

        064
           1171 CA 09 1         33      Fortney H "Pete" Stark DEM  California
           1171 CA 09 1         36      Bill ~ Kennedy         REP  California
           1271 CA 10 1         33      Don Edwards            DEM  California
           1271 CA 10 1         36      Bob Herrlott           REP  California

        070
           1171 CA 45 1         34      Duncan L Hunter        REP  California
           1171 CA 45 1         35      Richard Hill           DEM  California

        072
           1171 CA 41 1         34      Bill Lowery <LAHWree>  REP  California
           1171 CA 41 1         35      Tony Brandenburg       DEM  California
           1271 CA 44 1         31      Jim Bates              DEM  California
           1271 CA 44 2         32      Shirley M Glessendanner
                                                              REP  California
           1371 CA 45 1         34      Duncan L Hunter       REP  California
           1371 CA 45 1         35      Richard Hill          DEM  California

        071
           1171 CA 41 1         34      Bill Lowery <LAHWree> REP  California
           1171 CA 41 1         35      Tony Brandenburg      DEM  California
           1271 CA 44 1         31      Jim Bates             DEM  California
           1271 CA 44 2         32      Shirley M Glessendanner
                                                              REP  California
           1371 CA 45 1         34      Duncan L Hunter       REP  California
           1371 CA 45 1         35      Richard Hill          DEM  California

        073
           1171 CA 35 1         34      Jerry Lewis           REP  California
           1171 CA 35 1         35      Robert E Erwin        DEM  California
           1271 CA 36 1         33      George E Brown dr     DEM  California
           1271 CA 36 1         36      John Paul Stark       REP  California
           1371 CA 37 1         31      Curtis P "Sam. Cross  DEM  California
           1371 CA 37 1         32      Al McCandless         REP  California

        063
           1171 CA 03 1         33      Robert T Matsui       DEM  California
           1271 CA 04 1         33      Vic Fazio <FAYzio>    DEM  California
           1271 CA 04 1         36      Roger B Canfield      REP  California

        110
           3 43 FL 00 1         53      Robert Graham <GRAHahm>   DEM  Florida
           3 43 FL 00 1         56      L A "Skip" Bafalis        REP  Florida
           2 43 FL 00 1         13      Lawton Chiles <ch-EYE-is> DEM  Florida
           2 43 FL 00 1         16      Van B Poole               REP  Florida
           1143 FL 12 1         31      Brad Culverhouse          DEM  Florida
           1143 FL 12 1         32      Tom Lewis                 REP  Florida

        108
           1143 FL 15 1         34     E Clay Shaw Or             REP  Florida
           1143 FL 15 1         35     Edward U Stack             DEM  Florida
           1243 FL 16 1         31     Larry Smith                DEM  Florida
           1243 FL 16 1         32     Maurice Berkowitz          REP  Florida

        107
           1143 FL 16 1         31     Larry Smith                DEM  Florida
           1143 FL 16 1         32     Maurice Berkowitz          REP  Florida
           1243 FL 17 1         33     William Lehman <LAYman>    DEM  Florida
           1343 FL 18 1         33     Claude Pepper              DEM  Florida
           1343 FL 18 1         36     Ricardo Nunez <NOONyes>    REP  Florida

        111
           1143 FL 05 1         34     Bill McCollum <mahCULLum>  REP  Florida
           1143 FL 05 1         35     Dlak Batchelor <BAHchelor> DEM  Florida

        109
           1143 FL 16 1         31     Larry Smith                DEM  Florida
           1143 FL 16 1         32     Maurice Berkowitz          REP  Florida
           1243 FL 17 1         33     William Lehman <LAYman>    DEM  Florida

        106
           1143 FL 10 1         33     Andy Ireland               DEM  Florida

        103
           1143 FL 01 1         33     Earl Hutto <HUHtoe>        DEM  Florida
           1143 FL 01 1         36     J Terryl Bechtol <BECKtall>REP  Florida

        104
           1143 FL 04 1         33     Bill Chappell <CHAHpel>    DEM  Florida
           1143 FL 04 1         36     Larry Gaudet <gauDEH>      REP  Florida

        105
           1143 FL 01 1         33     Earl Hutto <HUHtoe>        DEM  Florida
           1143 FL 01 1         36     U Terryl Bechtol <BECKtall>REP  Florida

        088
           3 44 GA 00 1         51     Joe Frank Harnis           DEM  Georgia
           3 44 GA 00 1         52     Bob Bell                   REP  Georgia
           1144 GA 09 1         33     Ed Jenkins                 DEM  Georgia
           1144 GA 09 1         36     Charles Sherwood           REP  Georgia

        087 
           1144 GA 04 1         33     Elliott H Levitas          DEM  Georgia
           1144 GA 04 1         36     Dick Winder                REP  Georgia
           1244 GA 05 1         33     Wyche Fowler dr            DEM  Georgia
           1244 GA 05 1         36     Paul Jones                 REP  Georgia
           1244 GA 05 1         39     d. D. "Billy~ McKinney     IND  Georgia
           1344 GA 06 1         34     Newt Gingrich <GHINrich>   REP  Georgia
           1344 GA 06 1         35     Jim Wood                   DEM  Georgia

        041
           3 21 IL 00 1         54     James R Thompson          REP  Illinois
           3 21 IL 00 1         55     Adlai E Stevenson III     DEM  Illinois
           1121 IL 15 1         34     Edward R Madigan          REP  Illinois
           1121 IL 15 1         35     Tim L Hall                DEM  Illinois
           1221 IL 19 1         54     Daniel B Crane            REP  Illinois
           1221 IL 19 1         35     John Gwinn <win>          DEM  Illinois

        042
           1121 IL 18 1         34     Robert H Michel <MYkel>   REP  Illinois
           1121 IL 18 1         35     G Douglas Stephens        DEM  Illinois
           1221 IL 20 1         34     Paul Findley              REP  Illinois
           1221 IL 20 1         35     Richard 0 Durbin          DEM  Illinois

        043
           1121 IL 17 1         31     Lane Evans                DEM  Illinois
           1121 IL 17 1         32     Kenneth G McMillan        REP  Illinois
           1221 IL 18 1         34     Robert H Michel <MYkel>   REP  Illinois
           1221 IL 18 1         35     G Douglas Stephens        DEM  Illinois

        046
           1121 IL 09 1         33     Sidney R Yates            DEM  Illinois
           1121 IL 09 2         36     Catherine Bertini         REP  Illinois
           1221 IL 10 1         34     John Edward Porter        REP  Illinois
           1221 IL 10 2         35     Eugenia S Chapman         DEM  Illinois

        044
           1121 IL 07 1         33     Cardiss Collins           DEM  Illinois
           1121 IL 07 1         36     Daneby Cheeks             REP  Illinois
           1221 IL 08 1         33     Dan Rostenkowski          DEM  Illinois
           1221 IL 08 2         36     Bonnie Hickey             REP  Illinois
           1321 IL 11 1         33     Frank Annunzio <ahNOONzio>
                                                                 DEM  Illinois
           1321 IL 11 1         36     dames F Moynihan          REP  Illinois

        045
           1121 IL 06 1         34     Henry Hyde                REP  Illinois
           1121 IL 06 1         35     Leroy E Kennel            DEM  Illinois
           1221 IL 13 1         34     John N Erlenborn          REP  Illinois
           1221 IL 13 1         35     Robert Billy <BYlee>      DEM  Illinois
           1321 IL 14 1         34     Tom Corcoran              REP  Illinois
           1321 IL 14 1         35     Dan McGrath               DEM  Illinois

        040
           1121 IL 19 1         34     Daniel B Crane            REP  Illinois

           1121 IL 19 1         35     John Gwinn <win>          DEM  Illinois

        039
           2 22 IN 00 1         14     Richard G Logan <LOOgar>   REP  Indiana
           2 22 IN 00 1         15     Floyd Fithlan              DEM  Indiana
           1122 IN 01 2         31     Katie Hall                 DEM  Indiana
           1122 IN 01 1         32     Thomas H Krieger <KREEger> REP  Indiana

        052
           3 31 IA 00 2         51     Roxanne Conlin             DEM  Iowa
           3 31 IA 00 1         52     Terry Branstad             REP  Iowa
           1131 IA 02 1         34     Tom Tauke <TAWkey>         REP  Iowa
           1131 IA 02 1         35     Brent Appel <ahPELL>       DEM  Iowa

       053
           1131 IA 05 1         33     Tom Harkin                 DEM  Iowa
           1131 IA 05 1         36     Arlyn E Danker             REP  Iowa

       083
           1145 LA 04 1         33     Buddy Roomer <ROEmer>    DEM  Louisiana
           1245 LA 07 1         33     John B Breaux <brow>     DEM  Louisiana

       098
           3 52 MD 00 1         53     Harry R Hughes           DEM  Maryland
           3 52 MD 00 1         56     Robert A Pascal <PAHSkel> REP  Maryland
           2 52 MD 00 1         13     Paul Sarbanes <SAHRbanes> DEM  Maryland
           2 52 MD 00 1         16     Lawrence U Hogan          REP  Maryland
           1152 MD 02 1         33     Clarence D Long           DEM  Maryland
           1152 MD 02 2         36     Helen Delict Bentley      REP  Maryland
           1252 MD 03 2         33     Barbara A Mikulski        DEM  Maryland
           1252 MD 03 1         36     H Robert Scherr <share>   REP  Maryland
           1352 MD 07 1         33     Parren Mitchell           DEM  Maryland
           1352 MD 07 2         36     M Leonora Jones           REP  Maryland

       004
           3 03 MA 00 1         51     Michael S Dukakis    DEM  Massachusetts
           3 03 MA 00 1         52     John W Sears         REP  Massachusetts
           2 03 MA 00 1         13     Edward M Ted Kennedy DEM  Massachusetts
           2 03 MA 00 1         16     Raymond Shamie <SHAMee>
                                                            REP  Massachusetts
           1103 MA 03 1         33     Joseph D Early       DEM  Massachusetts
           1203 MA 05 1         33     James M Shannon      DEM  Massachusetts

        006
           1103 MA 05 1         33     James M Shannon      DEM  Massachusetts
           1203 MA 07 1         33     Edward ~ Markey <MAHPkey>
                                                            DEM  Massachusetts
           1203 MA 07 1         36     David M Basile <bahSEAL>
                                                            REP  Massachusetts

        005
           1103 MA 04 1         33     Barney Frank         DEM  Massachusetts
           1103 MA 04 2         34     Margaret U Heckler   REP  Massachusetts

        003
           1103 MA 02 1         33     Edward P Boland <BOWLand>
                                                            DEM  Massachusetts
           1103 MA 02 1         36     Thomas P Swank       REP  Massachusetts
           1203 MA 03 1         33     Joseph D Early       DEM  Massachusetts

        007
           1103 MA 04 1         33     Barney Frank         DEM  Massachusetts
           1103 MA 04 2         34     Margaret M Heckler   REP  Massachusetts
           1203 MA 10 1         33     Gerry E Studds       DEM  Massachusetts
           1203 MA 10 1         36     John E Conway        REP  Massachusetts

        050
           3 33 MN 00 1         51     Rudy PERPICH <PERPICH> DEM  Minnesota
           3 33 MN 00 1         52     Wheelock Whitney       REP  Minnesota
           2 33 MN 00 1         14     David Durenberger       REP  Minnesota
           2 33 MN 00 1         15     Mark Dayton             DEM  Minnesota
           1133 MN 01 1         34     Tom Hagedorn <HAHguedorn>REP  Minnesota
           1133 MN 01 1         35     Timothy J Penny          DEM  Minnesota

        051
           1133 MN 01 1         34     Tom Hagedorn <HAHguedorn>REP  Minnesota
           1133 MN 01 1         35     Timothy Penny            DEM  Minnesota
           1233 MN 03 1         34     Bill Frenzel <FRENzel>   REP  Minnesota
           1233 MN 03 1         35     Joel Sallterman          DEM  Minnesota

        049
           1133 MN 04 1         33     Bruce F Vento <VENtoe>   DEM  Minnesota
           1133 MN 04 1         36     Bill dames               REP  Mlnnesota
           1233 MN 06 1         34     Arlen Erdahl <Erdahl>    REP  Mlnnesota
           1233 MN 06 1         35     Gerry Sikorski           DEM  Minnesota

        085
           2 46 MS 00 1         13     John C Stennis         DEM  Mississippi
           2 46 MS 00 1         16     Haley Barbour          REP  Mississippi
           1146 MS 01 1         33     Jamie L Whitten <Witten>
                                                              DEM  Mississippi
           1146 MS 01 2         36     Fran Fawcett           REP  Mississippi

        084
           1146 MS  03 1        33     G V "Sonny" Montgomery DEM  Mississippi

        055
           2 34 MO  00 1        14     John C Danforth        REP  Missouri
           2 34 MO  00 2        15     Harriet Woods          DEM  Missouri
           1134 MO  09 1        33     Harold L Volkmer       DEM  Missouri
           1134 MO  09 1        36     Larry E Mead           REP  Missouri

        056
           1134 MO  01 1        33     William Clay              DEM  Missouri
           1134 MO  01 1        36     William E White           REP  Missouri
           1234 MO  02 1        33     Robert A Young            DEM  Missouri
           1234 MO  02 1        36     Harold L Dielmann         REP  Missouri
           1334 MO  03 1        33     Richard A Gephardt        DEM  Missouri
           1334 MO  03 1        36     Richard Foristel          REP  Missouri

        054
           1134 MO  06 1        34     E Thomas Coleman          REP  Missouri
           1134 MO  06 1        35     Jim  Russel1              DEM  M1ssour1

        058
           3 35 NE  00 1        54     Charles Thone <THOEn>     REP  Nebraska
           3 35 NE  00 1        55     Bob Kerrey <kerry>        DEM  Nebraska
           2 35 NE  00 1        13     Edward Zorlnsky           DEM  Nebraska
           2 35 NE  00 1        16     William Keck              REP  Nebraska
           1135 NE  03 2        34     Virginia Smith            REP  Nebraska

        057
           1135 NE  02 1        34     Hal Daub <DAHWb>          REP  Nebraska
           1135 NE  02 1        35     Richard M Fellman         DEM  Nebraska

        001
           3 04 NH  00 1        53     Hugh Gallen          DEM  New Hampsh1re
           3 04 NH  00 1        56     John H Sununu <SOOnoonoo> 
                                                            REP  New Hampsh1re
           1104 NH  02 1        34     Judd Gregg           REP  New Hampshire
           1104 NH  02 1        35     Robert L Dupay <dooPAY>
                                                            DEM  New Hampshire

        020
           2 12 NJ  00 1        11     Frank R Lautenberg      DEM  New Jersey
           2 12 NJ  00 2        12     Millicent Fenwick       REP  New Jersey
           1112 NJ  07 1        34     Matthew ~ Rinaldo       REP  New Jersey
           1112 NJ  07 1        35     Adam K Levin            DEM  New Jersey
           1212 NJ  12 1        34     Jm Courter              REP  New Jersey
           1212 NJ  12 1        35     Jeff Connor             DEM  New Jersey

        021
           1112 NO  01 1        33     James J Florio          DEM  New Jersey
           1112 NJ  01 1        36     John A Dramesi          REP  New Jersey
           1212 NJ  04 1        34     Christopher H Smith     REP  New Jersey
           1212 NJ  04 1        35     Joseph P Merlino        DEM  New Jersey
           1312 NJ  13 1        34     Edwin B Forsythe        REP  New Jersey
           1312 NJ  13 1        35     George Callas           DEM  New Jersey

        075.
           3 66 NM 00 1         51     Toney Anaya <ahNAHyah>  DEM  New Mexico
           3 66 NM 00 1         52     John B Irick <EYErick>  REP  New Mexico
           2 66 NM 00 1         14     Harrison "Jack" Schmitt REP  New Mexico
           2 66 NM 00 1         15     Jeff Bingaman <BINGahman>
                                                               DEM  New Mexico
           1166 NM 01 1         34     Manuel LuJan Jr <looHANN>
                                                               REP  New Mexico
           1166 NM 01 1         35     Jan Alan Hartke <HEARTkey>
                                                               DEM  New Mexico
           1266 NM 02 1         34     Joe Skeen               REP  New Mexico
           1266 NM 02 1         35     Caleb Chandler          DEM  New Mexico

        012
           3 13 NY 00 1         51     Mario M Cuomo <CUOMO>   D-L  New York
           3 13 NY 00 1         52     Lew Lehrman <LAIRman>   R-C  New York
           2 13 NY 00 1         13     Daniel Patrick Moynihan D-L  New York
           2 13 NY 00 2         16     Florence Sullivan       R-C  New York
           1113 NY 07 1         33     Benjamin S Rosenthal    D-L  New York
           1113 NY 07 1         36     Albert Lemishow         R-C  New York
           1213 NY 08 1         33     James H Schemer <SHAWyer>
                                                               D-L  New York
           1213 NY 08 1         36     John T Blame <bloom>    R-C  New York

        014
           1113 NY 10 1         33     Charles E Schemer        D-L  New York
           1113 NY 10 1         36     Stephen Marks            R-C  New York
           1113 NY 10 2         39     Alice J Bertolotti       RTL  New York
           1213 NY 11 1         31     Edolphus Towns           DEM  New York
           1213 NY 11 1         32     James W Smith            REP  New York
           1213 NY 11 1         37     Patrick W Giagnacova     LIB  New York
           1313 NY 12 1         31     Major R Owens            D-L  New York
           1313 NY 12 1         32     David Katan So <kahTAN>  REP  New York
           1313 NY 12 1         37     David E Rosenstroch      CON  New York

        011
           1113 NY 18 1         33     Robert Garcia <garSEEah>  DRL  New York
           1113 NY 18 1         37     Mario Pichler             CON  New York

        013
           1113 NY 07 1         33     Benjamin S Rosenthal      D-L  New York
           1113 NY 07 1         36     Albert Lemishow           R-C  New York
           1213 NY 08 1         33     James H Schemer <SHAWyer> D-L  New York
           1213 NY 08 1         36     John T Blame <bloom>      R-C  New York

        009
           1113 NY 03 1         34     John LeBoutillier         R-C  New York
           1113 NY 03 1         35     Robert J Mrazek <MARzeck> DEM  New York
           1113 NY 03 1         37     Edward Birnbaum           LIB  New York
           1213 NY 04 1         34     Norman F Lent             R-C  New York
           1213 NY 04 1         35     Robert P Zimmerman        D-L  New York
           1213 NY 04 1         39     John J Dunkle             RTL  New York
           1313 NY 05 1         34     Raymond J McGrath         R-C  New York
           1313 NY 05 1         35     Arnold J Miller           D-L  New York
           1213 NY 05 1         39     Thomas J Boyle            RTL  New York

        010
           1113 NY 04 1         34     Norman F Lent             R-C  New York
           1113 NY 04 1         35     Robert T Zimmerman        DEM  New York
           1113 NY 04 1         39     John J Dunkle             RTL  New York
           1213 NY 05 1         34     Raymond J McGrath         R-C  New York
           1213 NY 05 1         35     Arnold J Miller           D-L  New York
           1213 NY 05 1         39     Thomas J Boyle            RTL  New York

        016
           1113 NY 26 1         34     David O'B. Martin         R-C  New York
           1113 NY 26 1         35     David P Landy             DEM  New York

        019
           1113 NY 25 2         31     Anita Maxwell             DEM  New York
           1113 NY 25 1         32     Sherwood L Boehlert       REP  New York
           1113 NY 25 1         39     Donald J Thomas           RTL  New York
           1213 NY 28 1         33     Matthew F McHugh          D-L  New York
           1213 NY 28 1         36     David F Crowley           R-C  New York
           1213 NY 28 1         39     Mark Masterson            RTL  New York

        017
           1113 NY 34 1         33     Stanley N Lundine         DEM  New York
           1113 NY 34 1         36     James J Snyder            R-C  New York
           1113 NY 34 2         39     Genevieve F Ronan         RTL  New York

        018
           1113 NY 31 1         34     Jack F Kemp               R-C  New York
           1113 NY 31 1         35     James A Martin            D-L  New York
           1213 NY 32 1         33     John J LaFalce <lahFAHLCH>D-L  New York
           1213 NY 32 1         36     Raymond R Walker          R-C  New York
           1213 NY 32 1         39     Timothy J Hubbard         RTL  New York
           1313 NY 33 1         33     Henry J Nowak             D-L  New York
           1313 NY 33 1         36     Walter J Pillich <PILLich>R-C  New York
           1313 NY 33 1         39     James Gallagher           RTL  New York

        015
           1113 NY 21 1         34     Hamilton Fish Jr          R-C  New York
           1113 NY 21 1         35     J Morgan Strong           DEM  New York
           1213 NY 24 1         34     Gerald B Solomon          R-C  New York
           1213 NY 24 1         35     Roy Esiason               D-L  New York

        091
           1147 NC 09 1         34     James G Martin      REP  North Carolina
           1147 NC 09 1         35     Preston Cornelius   DEM  North Carolina

        090
           1147 NC 10 1         34     James T Broyhill    REP  North Carolina

        034
           3 24 OH 00 1         51     Richard F Celeste          DEM  Ohio
           3 24 OH 00 1         52     Clarence J Brown           REP  Ohio
           2 24 OH 00 1         13     Howard M Metzenbaum        DEM  Ohio
           2 24 OH 00 1         16     Paul E Pfelfer <PIEfur>    REP  Ohio
           1124 OH 16 1         34     Ralph Regula               REP  Ohio
           1124 OH 16 1         35     Jeffrey R Orenstein        OEM  Ohio

        033
           1124 OH 14 1         33     John F Seiberling          DEM  Ohio
           1124 OH 14 1         36     Louis A Mangels            REP  Ohio

        035
           1124 OH 13 1         33     Don J Pease <peaze>        DEM  Ohio
           1124 OH 13 1         36     Timothy Paul Martin        REP  Ohio
           1224 OH 14 1         33     John F Selberling          DEM  Ohio
           1224 OH 14 1         36     Louls A Mangels            REP  Ohio

        038
           1124 OH 01 1         33     Thomas A Luken <LOOken>    DEM  Ohio
           1124 OH 01 1         36     John ~Jake~ Held           REP  Ohio
           1224 OH 02 1         34     Bill Gradison <GRAHdison>  REP  Ohio
           1224 OH 02 1         35     L Arthur Safer             DEM  Ohio

        037
           1124 OH 02 1         34     Bill Gradison <GRAHdison>  REP  Ohio
           1124 OH 02 1         35     L Arthur Safer             DEM  Ohio
           1224 OH 06 1         34     Bob McEwen                 REP  Ohio
           1224 OH 06 1         35     Lynn Alan Grimshaw         DEM  Ohio

        036
           1124 OH 12 1         33     Bob Shamansky              DEM  Ohio
           1124 OH 12 1         36     John R Kasich <KAYslck>    REP  Ohio
           1224 OH 15 1         34     Chalmers P Wylle           REP  Ohio
           1224 OH 15 1         35     Greg Kostelac <COSTehlack> DEM  Ohio

        081
           3 53 OK 00 l         53     George Nigh              DEM  Oklahoma
           3 53 OK 00 1         56     Tom Daxon <DAXon>         REP  Oklahoma
           1153 OK 03 1         33     Wes Watkins               DEM  Oklahoma
           1153 OK 03 1         36     Patrick K. Miller         REP  Oklahoma

        062
           3 72 OR 00 1         54     Victor L Atlyeh            REP  Oregon
           3 72 OR 00 1         55     Ted Kulongoski             DEM  Oregon
           1172 OR 02 2         31     Larryann Willis            DEM  Oregon
           1172 OR 02 1         32     Bob Smith                  REP  Oregon
           1272 OR 04 1         33     James Weaver               DEM  Oregon
           1272 DR 04 1         36     Ross Anthony               REP  Oregon

        025
           3 14 PA 00 1         54     Richard L Thornburgh  REP  Pennsylvania
           3 14 PA 00 1         55     Allen E Ertel <AIRtel>
                                                             DEM  Pennsylvania
           2 14 PA 00 1         14     John Heinz <HInz>     REP  Pennsylvania
           2 14 PA 00 1         15     Cyril H Wecht <weckt> DEM  Pennsylvania
           1114 PA 01 1         33     Thomas M Foglletta    DEM  Pennsylvania
           1114 PA 01 1         36     Michael Marino <marEEno>
                                                             REP  Pennsylvania
           1214 PA 02 1         33     William H Gray III    DEM  Pennsylvania
           1214 PA 02 1         39     Milton Street         IND  Pennsylvania
           1314 PA 13 1         34     Lawrence Coughlin     REP  Pennsylvania
           1314 PA 13 1         35     Martin Cunningham Sr  DEM  Pennsylvania

        022
           1114 PA OS 1         34     Richard T Schulze     REP  Pennsylvania
           1114 PA OS 1         35     Bob Berger            DEM  Pennsylvania
           1214 PA 13 1         34     Lawrence Coughlln     REP  Pennsylvania
           1214 PA 13 1         35     Martin d Cunningham dr
                                                             DEM  Pennsylvania

        026
           1114 PA 01 1         33     Thomas M Foglietta   DEM  Pennsylvania
           1114 PA 01 1         36     Michael Marino <marEEno>
                                                            REP  Pennsylvania
           1214 PA 02 1         33     William H Gray III   DEM  Pennsylvania
           1214 PA 02 1         39     Milton Street        IND  Pennsylvania
           1314 PA 03 1         34     Charles F Dougherty  REP  Pennsylvania
           1314 PA 03 1         35     Robert A Borski <BOREskey>
                                                            DEM  Pennsylvania

        023
           1114 PA 08 1         34     Jm Coyne <coln>       REP  Pennsylvania
           1114 PA 08 1         35     Peter H Kostmayer     DEM  Pennsylvania

        024
           1114 PA 08 1         34     Jm Coyne <coin>      REP  Pennsylvania
           1114 PA 08 1         35     Peter H Kostmayer     DEM  Pennsylvania

        032
           1114 PA 04 1         34     Eugene V Atkinson     REP  Pennsylvania
           1114 PA 04 1         35     Joseph P Kolter <COALter>
                                                             DEM  Pennsylvania
           1214 PA 12 1         33     John P Murtha <MIRTHa>DEM  Pennsylvania
           1214 PA 12 1         36     William N Tuscano     REP  Pennsylvania
           1314 PA 20 1         33     Joseph M Gaydos <GAYdoze>
                                                             DEM  Pennsylvania
           1314 PA 20 1         36     Terry T Ray           REP  Pennsylvania

        028
           1114 PA 10 1         34     Joseph M McDade       REP  Pennsylvania
           1114 PA 10 1         35     Robert J Rafalko      DEM  Pennsylvania

        029
           1114 PA 17 1         31     Larry J Hochendoner   DEM  Pennsylvania
           1114 PA 17 1         32     George W Gekas        REP  Pennsylvania

        027
           1114 PA 11 1         34     dames L Nelligan      REP  Pennsylvania
           1114 PA 11 1         35     Frank Harrison        DEM  Pennsylvania

        030
           1114 PA 09 1         34     Bud Shuster <SHOOSter>REP  Pennsylvania
           1114 PA 09 1         35     Eugene d Duncan       DEM  Pennsylvania

        031
           1114 PA 21 1         31     Anthony Andrezeski    DEM  Pennsylvania
           1114 PA 21 1         32     Thomas Ridge          REP  Pennsylvania

        008
           3 05 RI 00 1         53     Joseph Garraby <GAHRabbee>
                                                             DEM  Rhode Island
           3 05 RI 00 1         56     Vincent Marzullo      REP  Rhode Island
           2 05 RI 00 1         14     John N Chafee         REP  Rhode Island
           2 05 RI 00 1         15     Julius C Michaelson   DEM  Rhode Island
           1105 RI 01 1         33     Fernand d St Germain  DEM  Rhode Island
           1105 RI 01 1         36     Burton Stallwood      REP  Rhode Island
           1205 RI 02 2         34     Claudine Schnelder    REP  Rhode Island
           1205 RI 02 1         35     James V Aukerman <Okerman>
                                                             DEM  Rhode Island

        089
           3 48 SC 00 1         53     Richard Riley       DEM  South Carolina
           3 48 SC 00 1         56     William D Workman drREP  South Carolina
           1148 SC 03 1         33     Butler Derrick      DEM  South Carolina

        095
           3 54 TN 00 1         54     Lamar Alexander      REP  Tennessee
           3 54 TN 00 1         55     Randy Tyree <TIEree>     DEM  Tennessee
           2 54 TN 00 1         13     Jim Sasser <SAHser>      DEM  Tennessee
           2 54 TN 00 1         16     Robin L Beard            REP  Tennessee
           1154 TN 04 1         31     Jim Cooper               DEM  Tennessee
           1154 TN 04 2         32     Cissy Baker              REP  Tennessee

        096
           1154 TN 03 2         33      Marilyn Lloyd Bouquard  DEM  Tennessee
           1154 TN 03 1         36      Glen Byers <BUYers>     REP  Tennessee

        094
           1154 TN 04 1         31      Jim Cooper              DEM  Tennessee
           1154 TN 04 2         32      Cissy Baker             REP  Tennessee
           1254 TN 06 1         33      Albert Gore Jr          DEM  Tennessee

             092
           1154 TN 01 1         34      James H Quillen <OUILen>REP  Tennessee
           1154 TN 01 1         35      Jessie Cable            DEM  Tennessee
           1254 TN 02 1         34      John J Duncan           REP  Tennessee

        093
           1154 TN 01 1         34      James H Quillen <QUILen>REP  Tennessee
           1154 TN 01 1         35      Jessie J Cable          DEM  Tennessee

        080
           3 49 TX 00 1         54      William P Clements Jr     REP  Texas
           3 49 TX 00 1         55      Mark White                DEM  Texas
           2 49 TX 00 1         13      Lloyd Bentsen             DEM  Texas
           2 49 TX 00 1         16      James M Collins           REP  Texas
           1149 TX 26 1         31      Tom Vandergriff           DEM  Texas
           1149 TX 26 1         32      Jim Bradshaw              REP  Texas

        077
           1149 TX 20 1         33      Henry B Gonzalez          DEM  Texas
           1249 TX 23 1         33      Abraham Kazen Jr          DEM  Texas
           1249 TX 23 1         36      Jeff Wentworth            REP  Texas

        078
           1149 TX 10 1         33      J J Pickle                DEM  Texas
           1249 TX 11 1         33      Marvin Leath <LEEth>      DEM  Texas
           1349 TX 14 1         33      Bill Patman               DEM  Texas
           1349 TX 14 1         36      Joe Wyatt Jr              REP  Texas

        079
           1149 TX 02 1         33      Charles Wilson            DEM  Texas

        076
           1149 TX 21 1         34      Tom Loeffler <LEFFler>    REP  Texas
           1149 TX 21 1         35      Charles S Stough <stoe>   DEM  Texas

        002
           3 06 VT 00 1         54      Richard A Shelling        REP  Vermont
           3 06 VT 00 2         55      Madeleine M Kunin         DEM  Vermont
           2 06 VT 00 1         14      Robert T Stafford         REP  Vermont
           2 06 VT 00 1         15      James A Guest             DEM  Vermont
           1106 VT 98 1         34      James M Jeffords          REP  Vermont
           1106 VT 98 1         35      Mark A Kaplan <KAHplan>   DEM  Vermont

        102
           2 40 VA 00 1         11      Richard J Davis         DEM  Virginia
           2 40 VA 00 1         12      Paul S Trible Jr        REP  Virginia
           1140 VA 09 1         34      William C Sampler       REP  Virginia
           1140 VA 09 1         35      Frederick Boucher       DEM  Virginia

        101
           1140 VA 07 1         34      J Kenneth Robinson      REP  Virginia
           1140 VA 07 1         35      Lindsay G Dorrier Jr    DEM  Virginia
           1240 VA 08 1         34      Stan Parris             REP  Virginia
           1240 VA 08 1         35      Herbert E Harris II     DEM  Virginia
           1340 VA 10 1         34      Frank R Wolf            REP  Virginia
           1340 VA 10 1         35      Ira M Lechner <LESHner> DEM  Virginia

        059
           2 73 WA 00 1         13      Henry M "Scoop" JacksonDEM  Washington
           2 73 WA 00 1         16      Doug Jewett <JEWet>    REP  Washington
           1173 WA 01 1         34      Joel Pritchard         REP  Washington
           1173 WA 01 1         35      Brian Long             DEM  Washington
           1273 WA 07 1         33      Mike Lowry <LAHWry>    DEM  Washington
           1273 WA 07 1         36      Bob Dorse <DORsee>     REP  Washington
           1373 WA 08 2         31      Beth Bland             DEM  Washington
           1373 WA 08 1         32      Rodney Chandler        REP  Washington

        061
           1173 WA 03 1         33      Don Booker             DEM  Washington
           1173 WA 03 1         36      J T Oulgg              REP  Washington

        060
           1173 WA 01 1         34      Joel Pritchard         REP  Washington
           1173 WA 01 1         35      Brian Long             DEM  Washington

        097
           2 56 WV 00 1         13      Robert C Byrd <bird>DEM  West Virginia
           2 56 WV 00 1         16      Cleve Benedict      REP  West Virginia
           1156 WV 01 1         31      Alan B. Mollohan    DEM  West Virginia
           1156 WV 01 1         32      John F. Mc Cuskey   REP  West Virginia

        048
           3 25 WI 00 1         51      Anthony S Earl      DEM  Wisconsin
           3 25 WI 00 1         52      Terry Kohler <COALer>   REP  Wisconsin
           2 25 WI 00 1         13      William Proxmire        DEM  Wisconsin
           2 25 WI 00 1         16      Scott McCallum          REP  Wisconsin
           1125 WI 04 1         33      Clement J Zablocki      DEM  Wisconsin
           1225 WI 05 1         31      dim Moody               DEM  Wisconsin
           1225 WI 05 1         32      Rod K Johnston          REP  Wisconsin

       047
           1125 WI 06 1         34      Thomas E Petri          REP  Wisconsin
           1125 WI 06 1         35      Gordon E Loehr <lair>   DEM  Wisconsin



>> ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO SURVEY DATA COLLECTION FOR THE
NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES: 
A Report on The 1982 NES Method Comparison Project

                                       by
                                J. Merrill Shanks
                                Maria Sanchez, and
                                 Betsy Morton

               Submitted to Warren E. Miller, Principal Investigator
                                      and
                            The NES Board of Overseers
                               INITIAL VERSION
                                March 15, 1983


OUTLINE
     INTRODUCTION: THE NES RATIONALE FOR CATI AND METHOD COMPARISON
           Potential Advantages of Telephone Surveys for Electoral Research
           Method Comparison and CATI Evaluation Issues
           - Differences in sample or measurement quality
           Instrument complexity and new measurement formats
           Comparability with NES time series
           - Sample size, interview length, and data collection costs
     DESIGN AND GOALS FOR THE 1982 METHOD COMPARISON PROJECT
           Immediate Analytic Objectives
            -- Univariate differences between methods
            -- Differences in coverage, completion, and measurement
            -- Differences in relationships between variables
            -- Identifying congressional districts
            -- "House effects": Differences between CATI operations
            Testing for differences: A Note on Statistical Procedure
    A SUMMARY OF INITIAL RESULTS
              Sample outcomes and response rates for the three projects
              Modest (but significant) differences in social characteristics
              Consistent differences in opinionation or involvement
              Modest (but inconsistent) differences in political attitudes
              Measurement differences and relationships between variables
              Alternative ways to identify congressional districts
    GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
              General similarity or comparability between the two methods
              The importance of maintaining personal and telephone methods
              The need for continuing analysis and experimentation on cost
                quality tradeoffs for alternative data collection procedures
              Organizational issues: Staffing implications of growing
              technical complexity; and alternatives for large sample designs

INTRODUCTION

Since the discussions which led eventually to the initial proposal for the
National Election Studies, no single subject has taken more time within
the NES community than the appropriateness of alternative survey designs
based on telephone methods -- and the potential advantages and/or
disadvantages associated with the newer systems for computer-assisted
telephone interviewing (or CATI). This general interest first came 
sharply into focus in 1978-79, during the Board's deliberations concerning 
the most efficient way to study the primary election period before the
1980 presidential nominating conventions. The Board's 1980 Committee
ultimately chose to recommend against using telephone-based methods for 
any of the major design elements for that election, because of uncertainty 
in the areas to be discussed below. But many of the same issues also arose 
in the Board's discussions of alternative approaches to research on
congressional elections, based on analytic limitations imposed by the 
sample design used in NES' otherwise successful study of the 1978 election.

Issues concerning the design and/or data quality tradeoffs associated with
telephone vs. conventional survey methods -- and the new (but still uncertain) 
potential of computer-assisted systems for data collection -- have therefore 
been central to Board deliberations throughout NES' short history as a
national research facility. In 1982, these issues culminated in a Board
decision to sponsor a direct comparison between the two methods in conjunction
with the regular 1982 study. Although the initial results of that study were
not available until mid-February of 1983, they have already influenced many of
the Board's  decisions concerning NES data collection plans for 1984. Analyses
of the complex  set of method comparisons made possible by the 1982 project
will no doubt continue  for some time, both within the Board and staff and in 
the larger NES research  community, and the results of those analyses will 
structure Board deliberations concerning alternative designs throughout the 
next grant period.

The purpose of this report is to review the background and or rationale for
the 1982 Method Comparison Project, and to summarize those initial results 
from the Project which bear directly on the feasibility and cost-effectiveness 
of the  new survey techniques. We also hope to encourage other researchers to 
exploit the  (unique) methodological data produced by the project, for this 
report represents  only the first step in what should become a continuing 
program of research and  development on telephone- and CATI-based techniques. 
As we will argue, much remains to be done before NES can take full advantage
of the new survey techniques involved.  

Potential Advantages

In its 1983 proposal to the National Science Foundation, the NES Board has
identified those substantive areas where NES surveys are likely to depart from 
prior studies, based on recommendations from active scholars who use NES 
materials  on a continuing basis. In specifying the research objectives which 
the Board has  given a high priority for the mid-1980's, the proposal also 
emphasizes the method- or design-related implications of several 
recommendations, for they would require  an at least partial shift to 
telephone-based methods. In general, recommendations of this sort -- that NES
utilize telephone surveys and/or computer-assisted systems -- cite one or more 
of the following potential advantages of the new techniques:

     1.  With telephone-based techniques, it may be possible to achieve a
major reduction in cost per interview or a major increase in sample size, 
through  some combination of lower interviewing costs on the telephone and 
greater production  efficiency through the use of computer-assisted telephone 
interviewing (CATI);

     2.  CATI systems make it possible to use more complicated survey
instruments or measurement procedures, based on computer-assisted branching,  
cycling, and automatic modification of question content;  

     3.  CATI may minimize the amount of error involved in survey data through
"online" verification and/or edit checking;

     4.  Both centralized telephone interviewing and CATI may make it easier
to control (or schedule) the administration of NES instruments to independent 
national samples in relatively short periods of time, in order to provide a 
Time sensitive. design for assessing the impact of campaign-related and other 
political events; and  

5.  Both telephone methods and CATI should facilitate the administration of
NES instruments to specific sub-national constituencies (such as deliberately 
selected states and/or congressional districts), for which the traditional NES 
national sampling frame and interviewing staff is impractical.
 
As discussed more fully in the 1983 NES proposal, the above data collection
objectives have played a central role in discussions about a wide variety of 
future  NES research objectives. Prior to 1982, however, the Board and staff 
were reluctant  to commit significant data collection resources to the new 
techniques involved  because of general uncertainty about the consequences of 
such a decision, and  because of specific concerns about the tradeoffs between 
cost, sample size, and data quality involved.

Possible Problems  or Methodological Issues

In particular, Board discussions about telephone interviewing have for some
time reflected the following concerns or reservations:

     1.  Telephone-based methods might lead to a loss in sample quality, based
on a combination of non-coverage (of citizens living in households without 
telephones)  and the potential for lower response rates in telephone surveys. 

     2.  Host observers have shared a belief that the average length of
telephone interviews cannot be extended to the 60 to 70 minutes required to
cover the traditional NES content.

     3.  Many researchers have also been concerned about the absence of show
cards and other visual displays in telephone interviews. NES instruments have
made extensive use of such aids, so that telephone methods might lead to
losses in comparability or data quality  vis a vis the traditional
(face-to-face) interviews.  It was also recognized that in principle CATI
systems might compensate for the loss of visual aids by reformulating
questions into complex sequences which take advantage of automatic
"branching", but no evidence existed concerning the effectiveness of such
compensating capabilities for NES-type items.

     4.  Telephone surveys based on national samples produced by random digit
dialing may not be feasible for research objectives which require that each
interview be assigned to a particular congressional district before
substantive questions begin.

5.  The use of telephone-based surveys for studies which need probability
sampling, high response rates, and long interviews is relatively new. As a
result, information presented to the Board about the relative costs of
telephone vs. traditional methods has been inconsistent at best. It has thus
been impossible to assess the hard cost-related tradeoffs involved in any
design changes for future studies.

     6.  This uncertainty about costs has been compounded with respect to
computer-assisted telephone interviewing, for CATI systems themselves -- and
detailed NES procedures for using CATI -- were still in an exploratory stage.
Thus, even the cost-related results of demonstration CATI projects were
difficult for NES to assess, because the operational  procedures involved had
not reached sufficient popularity to permit stable cost estimates for large
scale NES utilization.

During the early 1980's, however, experience with telephone interviewing and
CATI systems within the academic, governmental and private sectors advanced to
the point where the new techniques demanded serious consideration by NES. In
particular, the Berkeley Program in Computer-Assisted Survey Methods had
demonstrated in 1981 that the length of telephone interviews on political
topics could be extended to 50-55 minutes, thereby overcoming what had been
assumed to be a fundamental barrier to NES use of telephone surveys (See 
Shanks, et al, 1981). Nevertheless, it was still the case that the concerns
about tradeoffs in cost  and data quality for NES could not be effectively
addressed by reviewing other  CATI demonstration or method comparison
projects.

DESIGN AND GOALS FOR THE 1982 METHOD COMPARISON PROJECT

For these reasons, the Board decided to commit all of its R&D resources for
1982 to a systematic comparison of the two methods. As originally proposed,
the same NES interview schedule would be administered to two independent
national random adult samples, one of which would use traditional household
sampling and face-to-face personal interviewing, and the other would use an
RDD sample of telephone households and computer-assisted telephone
interviewing. As the project developed, it was further proposed that the CATI
component for the study be equally (and randomly) divided between the two
approaches to CATI system design and production data collection being
developed at Michigan and Berkeley. Given probable budgetary constraints, the
specific goals for these three independent data collection projects were set
at 1500 traditional (or face-to-face) interviews, 500 interviews produced by
ISR's CATI facility, and 500 interviews produced by CSli's CATI facility.

With both approval and supplementary support from the Foundation, this
specific design was carried out during the period following the 19&2
congressional elections. The next section of this report reviews the
objectives and procedures used in our first analysis of the resulting data,
and the following section highlights the analytic results which have already
been presented to the NES Board. A concluding section then provides a brief
summary of the lessons so far obtained from the Method Comparison and CATI 
demonstration aspects of the 1982 study. This discussion includes our own 
recommendations concerning the methodological and/or technical issues which
need further attention before NES can regard the 1982 design as "established"
or routine, and a short discussion of the organizational and staffing issues
associated with large scale NES utilization of the new (computer-assisted)
techniques.

Immediate Analytic Objectives. Given the above set of general goals, answers
to preceded questions from the 19&2 survey were processed during the few weeks
between the completion of all  interviewing activity and the Board's February
meeting. As of this writing, coding and editing for open-ended questions and
"other specify" were still underway, but method comparisons based on those
materials will be incorporated in a subsequent version of this report.

In the following pages, we have summarized our early conclusions from the 1982
Method Comparison Project in six broad categories, dealing with:

     1.  Univariate differences between the traditional and CATI samples, with
respect to:
         -- social and demographic characteristics;
         -- the existence of political interest and opinion; and
         -- the direction of political opinions (when present);

     2.  Where possible, univariate differences between methods are discussed
in terms of the  contributions made by method differences in sample coverage,
response rates, and measurement techniques;

     3.  Differences between the traditional and CATI samples in relationships
between variables; 

     4.  alternative approaches to congressional district classification;

     5. "House" effects, based on differences between the Michigan and
Berkeley portions of the CATI sample; and,

     6. the impact of telephone methods and CATI on costs and study
organization.


Testing for Differences:  A Note on Statistical Procedure.

Previous studies provide some guidance concerning the probable direction and
magnitude of any differences which might arise between telephone-based and
traditional methods -- and the extent to which they may be attributed to
differences in coverage, response rates, or measurement (Groves and Kahn,
1979, Freeman, et al, 1982). The NES Board and Staff, however, are primarily
concerned with the combined effect of all three of these sources (or types) of
"method effects". For this reason, and because the three types 
of effect cannot always be separated, our initial analyses have been
structured in terms of an overall null hypothesis. Thus, we have repeatedly
tested the proposition that our traditional and telephone methods produced two
independent random samples from the same population, or that each difference
between the two 1982 samples can be attributed solely to chance.

As our first, and deliberately exploratory, analytic step, we therefore
examined the relationships between type of data collection (personal vs. CATI)
and substantive NES variables in each of the three areas mentioned above --
i.e. in social or demographic characteristics, in the degree to which
respondents expressed political opinions or interest, and in the direction of
political attitudes. For each such relationship (between method and
substance), we then calculated the apparent probability that a relationship
(or a departure from complete independence) that large could have arisen by
chance. Since this part of the analysis has necessarily examined a very large
number of potential differences between the two methods, our search for
differences was carried out on only a random half of the interviews from both
samples. In those cases where this exploratory procedure yielded evidence of a
difference which is "significant" at the .05 level, the same calculations are
then replicated on the second random half of our sample. For those variables
where a significant difference persists, we then discuss the degree to which
those differences may be due to the three types or sources of method
differences -- i.e. to coverage (of non-telephone households), differential
completion rates, or differences by mode in the measurement of identical
concepts. In some sections, we have re-examined the same relationships after
restricting the analysis to those respondents who voted in 1982. Many NES
analyses are necessarily limited to the active (instead of the potential)
electorate, so it is essential to see if overall method differences
persistwhen the sample is restricted in that fashion.

The above split-sample procedure was also used to test for differences between
he two CATI-based survey organizations that collected the data. But "methods
differences were much more numerous (and significant) than ~house" differences
in the 1982 project.

                               A SUMMARY OF INITIAL RESULTS
 
All three data collection projects achieved their objectives in terms of
completed interviews, and the final response rates for the three projects were
consistent with prior expectations.  Thus, 1418 complete or partial interviews
were conducted in respondents' houses, for a completion rate of 72%. The
Berkeley CATI study yielded 501 complete or partial interviews, the Michigan
CATI operation produced 500 complete or partial interviews, and both CATI
samples represent a completion rate of 62%. Based on the information now
available, all three projects adhered to  their design specifications for
households and respondent selection, so that the three data sets can be
interpreted as independent samples from the same population -- i.e. of adult
citizens  living in households during the 1982 post-election period. Any
differences between the three sampler that cannot be attributed to chance
should therefore be attributed to one or more intentional differences in
method or procedure, rather than defects in the execution of our basic design. 


Method-Related Differences in Social Characteristics.

Out of 11 comparisons, five fixed personal characteristics or demographic
variables yielded statistically significant differences between the
traditional and CATI samples. These differences in respondent's education,
income, race, religion, and region were of course initially detected in an
exploratory analysis based on a random half of both samples, but Table A (on
the following page) highlights those differences for the total 1982 sample,
along with selected results for variables with no method-related differences.

The relationship between data collection method and education is of course
familiar from previous studies (Groves and Kahn, 1979, Freeman, ~t Al, 1982).
As in other studies, some of this difference can be attributable to the small
proportion (approximately 5%) of the population excluded from telephone
surveys because they live in households without telephones. Thus, when this
"coverage" effect is removed by restricting the traditional(or face-to-face)
sample to those respondents who live in telephone households, the magnitude of
the educational difference   between the two samples is reduced-, but it is 
still clearly significant.  In any production utilization of telephone-based
methods, weight variables would presumably be used to correct for differential
response rates between areas, and to correct for the disproportionate
representation of better educated citizens in telephone samples. But the
magnitude of education-related differences should be recognized wherever those
weights are used.

Table A
                  METHOD-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
 
                                   Total Personal                Total CATI
Significant Differences            Interview Sample              Sample

Education -- Percent with no            23.2                         16.6
             High School
             Percent With College       18.7                         24.4
             Degree
             Number of Cases (Base N)  (1401)                        (948)

Race --      Percent Black              10.6                          5.6
             Percent Non-Black          89.4                         94 4
             Number of Cases (Base N)  (1402)                        (945)

Household -- Percent With Income        10.7                          4.4
Income       Less Than $5,000
             Percent With Income        18.8                         24.3
             Greater Than $35,000
             Number of Cases (Base N)  (1246)                        (861)
 
Religion     Percent Protestant         62.6                         51.6
             Percent With No Preference 13.5                         20.9
             Number of Cases (Base N)  (1398)                        (954)

Region of -- Percent in Northeast       19.8                         28.1
Residence
             Percent in South           36.1                         33.9
             Number of Cases (Base N)  (1407)                        (954)
 
Non-Significant Differences

Union --     Percent With Union         21.4                         20.0
Membership   Member in Household 

Marital --   Percent Married            60.0                         60.4
Status       Living with Spouse

Age --       Percent Less Than 26 Years Old
                                       14.1                         16.1

The noticeable differences between traditional and CATI samples with respect
to race and income present more difficult problems of interpretation, for
these effects may be at least partially caused by differences in the
conceptualization and measurement of the basic variables involved -- as well
as sample-related differences due to non-telephone households and differential
response rates. Thus, race was (necessarily) measured through a direct
question asked of all respondents on the telephone, while the 1982 NES
personal interviews relied on direct interviewer observation. And income was
measured on the telephone through a complex series of questions which took 
advantage of CATI's capability for automatic branching, since the "card" which
is used to show income categories to respondents in personal interviews could
not be used.

Whatever the cause of these differences, however, it seems important to note
that household sampling and face-to-face interviews produced a national sample
of the potential electorate in 1982 with nearly twice as many blacks as a
comparably sized sample produced by random digit dialing sampling and
telephone interviewing. And the 1982 telephone sample under-represented low 
income families in general -- and included only half as many families with
income less than $5,000 per year.

As in the case of education, these differences can -- and should -- be
partially corrected through weight variables which compensate for known
under-representation of specific demographic groups. In developing such a
weighting procedure, however, our current evidence is less than decisive, for
the national data which might be used as a standard for correction are
themselves based on different data collection procedures   i.e. on interviewer
observation or self-administered questionnaires. As discussed below, we
recommend that NES continue to support research and development in a variety
of telephone-related areas. The whole question of demographic representation
and weighting provides a good case in point, for it raises a variety of issues
concerning the correct standard for re-weighting both the telephone and the
personal interview sample.

Although the representative quality of telephone vs. traditional samples must
be judged on the basis of total sample comparisons, it is worth noting that
both the education and income differences are much weaker (and in fact fail to
obtain statistical significance on a half sample basis) when the analysis is
restricted to those who actually voted in 1982. Thus, as in our prior analysis
of non-telephone household distinctiveness based on data from the 1980 NES
study, the impact of telephone methods on sample composition would appear to
be much less for the active (instead of the potential) electorate. 

As shown is Table A above, the 1982 CATI sample departed from the 1982
personal interview sample (and previous NES studies) in the proportion of
respondents who live in the Northeast and Southern regions of the country. As
of this writing, the explanation of this regional difference is not clear, but
it appears to stem from the original telephone sample, rather than from
differential response rates by region.  Regional differences will be removed
when the data are weighted, but the weight variable to be used has yet to be
developed, and will depend on an extended analysis that has only recently
begun. The apparent method-related difference in religious preference was
entirely unexpected, and may be a by-product of the regional and educational
differences discussed above, As in many other sections of this report,
however, further analysis of this difference must await the completion of a
weight variable which compensates for known differences in other social
characteristics.

In summary, it seems likely that some demographic differences will persist
between samples produced by traditional vs. telephone-based methods. But the 
effects involved are modest in nature, they are to a considerable extent 
concentrated among non-voters, and they can be largely   removed through the 
utilization of appropriate weights. To reinforce this general conclusion, we
have begun to compare the distributions on variables from the traditional NES
sample in 1982 with comparable figures from the 1980 census.

Table B
                  METHOD-RELATED DIFFERENCES IF EDUCATIONAL  ATTAINMENT
Years of School             1980    1982 Personal  1982 CATI
Completed                       Census    Interviews     Interviews

0-11                              32%          23%          17%
4 Yrs High School                 36%          34%          36%
1-3 Yrs College                   17%          23%          25%
4+ Yrs College                    15%          20%          22%
                                 100%         100%         100%

As shown in Table B. the difference in education between the CATI and
traditional NES samples epresents only an extension of an already noticeable 
discrepancy between traditional NES  samples and Census Bureau estimates for 
the national adult population. In general, even political surveys carried out 
by academic organizations that use probability sampling and seek the highest
possible response rates under-represent citizens with low levels of education
and income. In making inferences about the potential electorate, these 
differences have posed a potential threat to correct inferences about 
univariate distributions -- if not about relationships between variables for 
some time, and the use of telephone methods would appear to accentuate those
difficulties. Were it not for considerations of cost, timing, or geographical
location, traditional survey methods (based on household sampling and 
face-to-face interviewing) would apparently produce a slightly more accurate 
portrait of the potential electorate. But these method-related differences are 
generally modest, while the cost differences between the two techniques are
not.

Differences in Political Interest and Opinionation. The clearest and most
consistent differences between CATI and traditional methods arise when we
focus on the extent to which respondents offer opinions on issues, and on the
level of political interest or involvement. As before, the magnitude of those
differences is not great, but 21 out of 54 comparisons made in this area
between the CATI and personal half samples produced differences which were
significant at the .05 level.  Most of those differences were again
significant in our second half sample, but (perhaps understandably) only seven
remained significant when the analysis was restricted to the active
electorate. Table C (on the following page) presents five of these
comparisons, based on the full 1982 sample for both techniques. We are not yet
sure whether the differences in Table C are solely due to the greater ease
with which politically uninterested potential respondents can refuse to
participate in a telephone interview. It may also be the case that telephone
respondents are less willing to admit they "don't know. in response to
attitudinal questions, or that probing is more effective on the telephone. But 
we are tempted to conclude that non-response is more sensitive to low levels
of political interest on the telephone than in face-to-face (personal)
interviews.

Differences in the Direction of Political Attitudes. For those respondents in
both samples who die express an opinion or attitude on NES issue variables, we 
have also tested the  hypothesis that the distribution or balance of opinion
is the same in both populations -- and then checked to see if significant
differences persist when the analysis is restricted to the active electorate.
Out of 64 (half sample) comparisons of that sort, only 19 are statistically
significant at the .05 level, and 10 of these arc no longer significant when
the analysis districted to the active electorate. Table D presents six of
these significant differences, along with insignificant differences in
ideology and overall approval of Ronald Reagan's performance -- in order to
illustrate the modest and inconsistent nature of method-related effects in
 this area. 


Table C
                     DIFFERENCES IN POLITICAL INTEREST AND OPINIONATION
                                         Total Personal                 Total
CATI
                                         Interview Sample             Sample
                                  
Percent with No Opinion on                    20.4                        14.4
Gov't Spending and Services

Percent with No Opinion on the                18.3                        10.3
Long Term Impact on the Economy
of Reagan Policies

Percent with No Opinion on the                 7.0                         2.5
Equal Rights Amendment

Percent Who Follow Gov't                      14.8                         8.6
and Public Affairs "Hardly at All"

Percent \W`ho Care "Very Much"                20.6                        24.5
About the Outcome of congressional Elections

Number of Cases (Average Base N)         (1400)                          (950)


To help us in interpreting these results, we have begun to use summary
variables within each category of NES questions, in order to remove some of
the idiosyncratic (and/or random) differences between items. In initial
analyses, variables which summarize perceptions (traits) and feelings about
Ronald Reagan have not shown a significant relationship to data collection
mode, but we are not yet prepared to conclude that "no differences" exist. And
we are not yet certain how to summarize sample differences in policy
preferences. There are significant  differences in individual 7-pt scales, but
the direction of those differences is inconsistent. There is no significant
difference in overall ideological self-identification, and we have as yet no
insights into the role played by sampling and measurement differences between
the two techniques.


Table D

                DIFFERENCES IN THE DIRECTION OF POLITICAL ATTITUDES
                          (Base N's are in Parentheses)

                                            Total Personal          Total CATI
                                           Interview Sample           Sample

*  Average Score on Ideology (ISR)            4.3                     4.3
   (1=Liberal, 7=Conservative)               (888)                   (331)

   Average score on Aid to Minorities (ISR)   4.4                     4.1
   (1=Favor Aid, 7=Oppose)                   (1186)                   (399)

   Average Score on Gov't Spending (Berkeley)  3.9                     4.3
   (1=Cut, 7=Increase)                       (1115)                   (410)

   Average Score on Gov't Services (ISR)       3.8                     4.2
   (1=Reduce, 7=Increase)                    (1109)                   (403)

   Average Score on Gov't Jobs Responsibility (Berkeley)
                                               4.3                     4.5
   (1=Favor, 7=Oppose)                        (1202)                   (407)

*  Percent Who Approve of Reagan's Performance As Pres.
                                              51.4                    54.3
                                             (1310)                   (902)

   Percent who Approve of the way Reagan is Handling
                                              55.7                    61.5
   National Defense                          (1198)                   (832)

   Percent who are Strong or Weak Democratic Identifiers
                                              45.2                    37.4
                           
   Percent who are Strong or Weak Republican Identifiers
                                              24.5                    26.0
                                            (1373)                   (940)

*  Not significant at the .05 level

# Because of the branching experiment, these results are based on either the
ISR or the Berkeley half-samples who were asked the questions in the 
conventional 7-point (non-branching) format.
 

Based on our results so far, we have concluded that telephone methods yielded

onsistently (and significantly) different distributions in political attitudes
only for partisan identification and some party-related evaluations. Both the
ISR and Berkeley telephone samples included fewer democrats, and this
difference remains when the analysis is restricted to actual voters. As in all
other comparisons in this report, we do not yet know whether this sample
difference in partisanship will disappear when we re-weight the telephone
sample to correct for known differences in demographic characteristics. When
appropriate weight variables have been constructed, all of the above analyses
will be repeated, so that we can assess the degree to which the two methods
produce different results through mechanisms other than the telephone's
under-representation of less educated and politically interested citizens.

Measurement-related Differences As discussed above in connection with sample
differences in race and income, results of telephone surveys (and CATI studies
in particular) may differ substantially from those of traditional surveys
because of measurement differences associated with the loss of visual aids. In
the case of questions about income and detailed contacts with congressional
candidates, this change in instrumentation is unavoidable, and the revised
questions for CATI represent only a natural adaptation of the same basic
objectives and categories. 

In the area of political issues, however, the 1982 project included an
additional experiment on the consequences of different approaches to the
conceptualization and measurement of both the respondent's position and his
perception of the position held by several candidates and parties. By again
taking advantage of the random allocation of cases to Michigan or Berkeley,
respondents were randomly assigned to one of the two following measurement
"treatments."

-- with respect to ideological position, attitudes towards government
services, defense spending, aid to minorities, equality for women, and
governmental responsibility for jobs and standard of living: 

         1. In the "traditional" treatment, the "card" used in personal
interviews to explain the seven point scale was simply evoked for telephone 
interviews as part of the question text, and respondents were asked telephone 
questions which closely followed the traditional NES wording; 

         2. In the CATI or "branching" approach, respondents were first asked
a simple  trichotomous question concerning their own opinion, and their answer 
to that question determined the (different) follow-on question used to
classify each respondent into one of seven final categories. (The same two
stage process was then used to capture respondents' perceptions of candidates
and party "positions" on the same policy issues.) In constructing these
questions, care was taken to maintain the definition  of the end points on the
traditional 7 point scale, but the branching format ledinevitably to some
changes in the definition of final response categories.

Based on the 1979 NES pilot survey, and subsequent discussions concerning the
potential advantages of CATI-type branching, some researchers have anticipated
improvement in the accuracy  or validity of data on issue positions produced 
through this  multi-stage process. That possibility will be addressed below in 
our discussion of "Differences in Relations Between Variables", but it also 
suggests the importance of comparing the overall marginal distributions
between the two approaches to measurement. We are therefore using our (random)
half samples to test the hypothesis that the branching format produces a 
systematically different impression of the overall balance of public opinion
in each attitude area. Comparisons of this sort will be discussed in greater
detail in subsequent versions of this Report, but the following results are
already clear: 

   1.   There are no consistent differences between the two methods in their
tendency to over (or under) represent one side of the bipolar dimensions 
represented by the four NES questions used for this comparison;

   2.   The branching format does reduce the number of respondents who remain
at an indeterminate or "middle" position, although it is not yet clear if such 
a change represents an improvement;

   3.   For whatever reasons, the branching approach maximizes the variation
between respondents' in their apparent position on the 7 underlying
dimensions, a fact which should be kept mind when interpreting differences
between methods in relations between variables; 

   4.   We believe that branching results in a noticeable increase in the
amount of missing data, possibly because the initial trichotomous question 
provides more encouragement for respondents to say they "haven't thought much 
about this" -- but this result has not yet been fully tested; and 

   5.   The branching method takes noticeably longer to administer when
placements are needed for a substantial  number of candidates.

This last point deserves special emphasis, as the Board's 1984 Committee
begins its deliberations concerning the multiple design elements for that 
year. Continuity with previous election studies may well require that the 
traditional 7-pt scale be continued for the Fall (time series) component of 
the 1984 study. But branching methods may be attractive for the pre-convention
portions of the study unless the instrument calls for "placements" for a large
number of candidates. As of this writing, method comparisons in the issue and 
branching areas have only  begun, but future NES Committees may well have to 
choose between better measures of respondent positions and issue placements 
for more candidates.

Relationships Between Variables. In our initial -- and exploratory --
comparisons of the CATI and traditional samples, we have also examined the 
strength of relationships for each method between basic political 
predispositions and a substantial number of attitudinal or opinion variables. 
In our results so far, no significant differences have been found between the
telephone and traditional samples in bivariate relationships between party 
identification (and ideology) and  several dozen other political variables. 
There is an inconsistent (and insignificant) tendency for relationships 
between party identification and specific partisan evaluations to be slightly
stronger in the personal interview sample. But this faint tendency is if
anything reversed in relationships between ideological self designation and 
issue position, and we suspect that these preliminary differences are to some 
extent confounded by the differences between the two samples in levels of 
education and by the differences between branching vs. 7-pt measures -- as 
discussed above. 

Confirmation (or rejection) of these last possibilities will require further
analysis, and these same comparisons may have to be replicated in a subsequent 
election before we can dismiss sampling error as an explanation, for none of 
our differences in relationships represent more than a 15% change in the 
measures of association involved. In summary, our initial results suggest that 
NES analysts who are primarily interested in relationships between variables 
need not worry about the impact of telephone-based methods on their results.

Congressional District Classification. Since 1978, NES Board and Committee
meetings devoted to research on congressional election have repeatedly dwelled 
on the potential advantages of telephone surveys for congressional research  
primarily because of the larger sample size which could be produced. But all 
parties involved were also concerned about the potential barrier to such an 
application posed by the initial ambiguity concerning the current
congressional district for households selected through random digit dialing
(RDD). Since the instrumentation developed for the 1978 NES study requires
that detailed information about the candidates be used to automatically modify
all questions about congressional elections, some method had to be found and
tested to produce such information before each interview.

For this reason, one of the major objectives of the 1982 Method Comparison
study was an assessment of the relative efficiency and accuracy of alternative 
techniques for assigning randomly selected household telephone numbers to 
congressional districts. On the basis of extensive staff and Board
discussions, it was decided that only a "streamlined" method would be used in
1982, in which congressional districts were simply attributed to each randomly
selected household telephone number (where any possibility of ambiguity
existed) based on information provided by the respondent -- so that the
maximum number of interviews could be conducted with the resources available.
In principle, the Board might recommend (and may do so in the future) that
interviews involving some ambiguity concerning district identification be
interrupted, so that geographic information may be used to identify the
district involved before resuming the interview as a callback. This option was
not exercised in 1982, both because of the extra costs associated with such a
venture, and because detailed geographic maps were not available from the 1981
and 1982 redistricting in time to support such a technique. Instead, the 1982
interviews included questions about the geographic location of the
respondent's household, and each case was ultimately associated with a "true"
congressional district, based on address information and detailed maps -- but
that classification took place after all the interviews were completed. Based
on that effort, an analysis is now underway concerning the detailed
correspondence between the apparent district (to which each respondent was
attributed during the interview) and the actual district which a more careful
(but expensive) procedure could (in principle) have established before
substantive questioning began. 

Before discussing these results, it may be helpful to review what we believe
is the major important conceptual and measurement issue before the Board 
concerning survey measurement in tile congressional area. Based on the data 
from prior election studies, it has been evident for some time that a
substantial proportion of NES respondents are unable to evaluate congressional 

candidates, and appear to have very little information about any of the
alternatives involved. Nevertheless, previous election studies have maintained 
the practice of asking all potential voters for their evaluations of the 
candidates and for evidence of contact with both the incumbent and/or 
challengers. Thus, a substantial amount of interview time has been used to 
obtain repeated negative answers like "no contact. or no specific "likes" or
"dislikes". Many analysts (and the NES staff) have recommended for some time 
that screening questions be  introduced, so that interviewers would 
automatically skip all questions about congressional candidates for 
individuals who fail some minimal standard for candidate visibility. The 
question of potential comparability between telephone surveys and the 
traditional NES procedure rests fundamentally on the way in which the Board 
resolves this question. 

In 1982 two different methods were used to identify congressional districts
and to select the subsample of respondents for whom detailed congressional 
questions were asked, and these two methods are directly linked to the two 
alternative answers to the above general question. In the random half of
the telephone (CATI) sample administered by Michigan's Survey Research Center,
respondents were "attributed" to a congressional district when the names
recalled implied one and only one of the districts possible for that 
telephone number. At the other extreme, respondents who failed to recognize 
any of the major party candidates in any of the congressional districts  to
which their telephone cluster might belong were not asked any of the 
congressional questions. When the respondent failed the recall test, but 
save signs of candidate recognition for one of the congressional 
districts -- but no such recognition in the other possible 
districts -- that respondent was automatically "attributed" to the district 
in which recognition took place and the detailed congressional questions 
were administered in terms of the candidates in that district. In the 
approach used at Michigan, only those respondents who had failed the recall 
test but recognized candidates in more than one district were then explicitly 
asked to choose between the two or three districts that might be involved. 
Out of 468 interviews for which the essential information, is currently 
available, this first (Michigan) method produced a national sample in which 
77 respondents (or 16%) were asked no congressional questions because they 
failed to recognize any of the potential candidates involved. And an 
additional 7 respondents (or 1%) were not asked the congressional questions 
because they recognized candidates in different districts, and were unable 
to resolve the conflict in response to a direct question. 

In contrast, respondents interviewed by Berkeley CSM's staff were asked the
congressional questions even if they failed to recognize any of the 
congressional candidates involved if they lived in single district clusters. 
In multi-district clusters, except in those cases where the respondent was
able to select a district through unaided recall, all respondents with 
telephone numbers for which there was some prior ambiguity about the correct 
congressional district were asked to make an explicit choice between the
multiple districts involved. Thus, "recognition" information was not used to 
attribute each respondent to a congressional district. As a result of this 
procedure, out of a total of 443 interviews for which the appropriate 
information is currently available, no respondents were "skipped" " for the 
congressional questions because of a  failure in recognition, but 66
respondents (or 14%) were not asked the congressional questions because they
were unable to select their congressional district in a direct choice between
the possiblealternatives.  The two methods were also different in the accuracy
of the congressional districts assigned to respondents on the basis of their
answers to questions. As the following table shows, the method used for
Berkeley's half sample permitted a larger proportion of the sample to be asked
the congressional questions, and that a higher proportion of the attributions
proved ultimately to be accurate. But nearly all of the "gain" in the Berkeley
sample (both in the number of respondents asked congressional questions and
the accuracy of congressional district attribution) was concentrated in those
respondents that were unable to recognize any of the candidates involved.
Therefore, if the Board subsequently decides to systematically skip all
congressional questions for respondents who are ill-informed about the
candidates in their district, the method of "attribution through recognition"
used in the ISR half of the 1982 study would be superior.


                 VERIFICATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS
                       Alternative CATI-Based Procedures

                           True CD          True CD
                           Equals           Does Not Equal   Never
                          Assigned CD      Assigned CD      Assigned     DC+MD

     ISR Method            69%              13%             17%            
     (N=484)              (335)             (65)            (84)          (16)

     CSM Method            76%               9%             14%            -
     (N=461)              (352)             (43)            (66)          (18)

In general, it seems clear that the losses or errors in both 1982 methods are
heavily concentrated among those respondents who have very little to say when 
asked the detailed congressional questions. The random assignment of
respondents to two different methods of congressional district classification
in 1982 does permit us to assess the kind of information lost (or gained) when
one method of district attribution is chosen instead of the other. For
example, we believe that the Berkeley respondents who were not asked
congressional questions because they could not explicitly choose their
district had (on the average) very little to say about the candidates
involved, so that we expect that the two samples will be nearly identical in
the overall "amount" of information collected in response to the open-ended
questions about the e congressional candidates. And Berkeley results should
make it clear that those respondents who were asked congressional questions
(even though they failed to recognize any the candidates involved) had very
little to say in response to those questions -- or that the method used at
ISR  lost very little information by skipping all congressional questions for
such respondents.

Differences Between survey Organizations and CATI Systems. Although the
questions used in the two CATI-based segments of the 1982 Method Comparison
Project were identical, there are differences between the two CATI systems and
survey organizations involved. Although the senior staff from both
organizations in the 1982 project did not expect any significant differences
between results in the Berkeley and Michigan samples, one of the study's major
objectives was to test the validity of that expectation. For this reason, all
of the comparisons discussed above between traditional and telephone methods
have been calculated for the ISR and Berkeley halves of  the CATI sample. As
before, because so many potential differences were being "tested", only a
random half of the two CATI half samples was used for these large scale (and
exploratory) comparisons.

In summary, out of 125 potential relationships between specific variables and
the "house. or system which collected the data, only 19 differences appear to
be significant at the .05 level. These differences, which are not large in
substantive terms, involve variables as diverse as length of residence (at
both the current address and city), turnout, and the frequency of "don' know.
responses to attitude questions. A cursory examination of the content of these
variables also suggests a slight difference in socio-economic status and
attitudes towards the Reagan administration, but these differences fail to
pass a test of significance which takes into account the very large number of
tests involved.

Based on our results so far, it seems likely that the two CATI systems and the 
basic procedures used by the two survey organizations are sufficiently similar
to produce national samples which are fairly difficult to distinguish. To some
extent, this similarity in results may be due to the  standardization in
interviewer behavior imposed by the CATI systems and the detailed
instrumentation used for the 1982 project. But the two organizations also
share a great deal in  their approach to interviewer recruitment, training,
and supervision. Whatever the cause, however, the new survey technology and
methodology can apparently be used to produce similar results in separate
organizational settings, despite modest differences between the survey
organizations and CATI systems involved.

In a subsequent version of this report, we will present the detailed results
of these comparisons between CATI organizations. That presentation will also
review the specific areas in which survey practices were known to differ
between organizations. As background for that discussion, however, it may be
helpful to summarize the major differences between the two organizations and
CATI systems involved. The Michigan Survey Research Center (SRC) has
maintained a telephone survey   facility and professional staff for several
years, but the CATI system used by SRC only recently became available for
production utilization. In contrast, the Berkeley Program in Computer-Assisted
Survey Methods (CSM) is a research and development group devoted to the
creation of new systems and techniques, and does not maintain a production
survey capability. The Berkeley system is now in use in several other survey
organizations around the country, but the CSM unit maintains staff expertise 
at only the senior level. As a result, Berkeley's  interviewers, supervisors,
and coders were recruited specially for the 1982 project, while Michigan's
effort relied on a continuing professional staff for these services. These
differences should be kept in mind in reviewing both the general similarity
and modest differences between the "houses. involved in 1982. And these same
organizational differences should be helpful in drawing conclusions from 1982
concerning the probable costs and the staffing requirements for future NES
CATI utilization.

Costs and Staffing for Traditional vs. Telephone Methods. Projections for
future studies concerning the comparative costs for traditional- and
telephone-based methods a re still problematic in several respects. But the
budgets and cost information from the 19&2 project, coupled with revised cost
estimates for the future, do support some conclusions about the tradeoffs in
cost or sample size associated with the two alternative techniques. Thus,
after appropriate adjustments have been made for both 1982 cost overruns and
future cost reductions based on the lessons and instrumentation from 1982, we
believe that the 1982 study will confirm that telephone-based methods can
produce more than two (and less than three) times as many interviews (lasting
an average of 50 minutes) as can be collected using traditional household
sampling and face-to-face interviewing. This ratio of cost and/or sample size
could become larger (surpassing three to one) if comparatively short
interviews were conducted with those citizens who did not vote in the most
recent election. But future planning activities would appear to be on safe
ground if they operated within the above range of possibilities.

Even these approximate answers are of course based on a number of operating
assumptions and ambiguities, each of which deserve emphasis. In particular,
the above estimates are based on the following assumptions

       (a)   Both techniques are used to collect fresh (i.e. no reinterview)
random adult cross-sections of the nation's eligible electorate, with a sample
size between 1500 and 2500. (Smaller studies will drive up the cost per case
somewhat differentially between the two methods, but the 1982 experience makes
it difficult to assess the comparative startup costs associated with
relatively small projects, cue to ambiguities in the division, of labor
between the NES study staff and the survey organizations involved) 

       (b)   The above estimates assume that the basic instrument design
(including both theanalysis-ready codebook and instructions for coding
open-ended questions as well as the interviewer's instrument) are developed
by the study staff or on a separate budget, so that the above estimates
reflect only "production" costs associatedwith sampling, field, coding, and
direct data entry 

       (c)   None of the figures which have gone into the above comparisons
incorporate any institutional overhead or indirect costs.

       (d)   No attempt has been made to explicitly adjust for the loss in
data associated with the shorter length of telephone interviews (e.g. from 70
to 50 minutes).

This last point deserves special emphasis. Although it might be said that
telephone interviews "produce" 5/7ths as much information as the single
traditional interview, we have not used that fraction to compare the costs per
interview or interview equivalent. In many contexts, we suspect that the
maximum sample size which can be produced is the more important figure for
planning purposes, but it should be noted that the telephone survey will
continue to require some sacrifice in the number of questions which can be 
asked. In this connection, it also seems appropriate to point out that no
attempt was made in 1982 to administer a telephone interview which exceeds an
average length of 50-55 minutes. Just as the results of 1981 and 1982 CATI
surveys have given support to the idea that telephone studies can approach one
hour in length, subsequent pilot studies should explore the possibility of
even longer interviews, on at least a subsample basis, so that future NES
analysts may gain the maximum benefit from each completed interview. 

The Impact of CATI.  As discussed at the beginning of this report, the 1982
Method Comparison Project was structured in a way which would permit the
Election Studies to assess the potential utility of CATI systems as well as
telephone-based sampling and interviewing. Thus, the final 1982 data tape will
contain cases that were produced by three different systems for the entry,
management, and cleaning of survey information. The face-to-face interviews
were of course first collected in the traditional paper and pencil form, and
then converted to numeric form and cleaned using the Institute's system for
direct data entry.

In contrast, the data records from Michigan's telephone sample were created in
machine readable form by interviewers using ISR's CATI system, and then
converted to use the same procedures used for cleaning and coding the
face-to-face interviews. At Berkeley,  the (CSM) CATI system was used for all
interviewing and coding-cleaning functions, but a special (post-CATI) program
was written to convert the resulting data records to precisely match the ISR
data and codebook. 

These three approaches to survey data processing are different from each other
in several respects, so that the 1982 study required a major investment of
staff time in both organizations to insure comparability between techniques --
and to produce a final codebook which documents the complexities in this
multi-method data set. This experience has been extremely instructive in its
own right, for it illustrates both the strength and irritations associated
with alternative  strategies for computer-assisted data collection. During
this process, those responsible for the systems involved have obtained new
insights concerning ways to save time or improve data quality on complex
projects. And the Election Studies staff have gained a much deeper
understanding of the issues at stake in long term planning for computer-based
survey data collection and documentation.

The detailed CATI "lessons" from the 1982 project, and the different
experiences of the two organizations involved will be discussed in a
subsequent report. But it is clear that the decision to use CATI, and to
simultaneously test two different CATI systems imposed a major additional
burden on the staffs and budget for the 1982 project. At this point, it is not
yet clear how much of this effort and cost represents an investment in future
cost reduction -- and how much must be repeated for each study.

NES decisions with respect to CATI utilization may therefore vary considerably
in future studies -- as a function of cost and design requirements. For the
design elements proposed for 1984, the NES Board has decided to defer
decisions concerning CATI until later in 1983, but all parties concerned are
agreed that decisions in this area should be based on the degree to which
measurement objectives require CATI-type capability, on the degree to which
CATI offers a clear advantage in the overall cost of data collection, and on
the impact of CATI on senior technical staff. 

The general implications of the new survey technology for survey organization
and staffing have been evident for some time.  But the NES 1982 project has
provided a powerful independent demonstration of the need for addition"]
development and testing of phases, as well as advance planning required calls
for a substantial increase in the permanent (senior) technical staff assigned
to direct the studies. The two CATI systems used in the 1982 Method Comparison
Project were designed in such a way as to save time and costs in the later
stages of survey data preparation.  But the 1982 project has shown that this
expectation will only be realized if sufficient staff expertise and time are
available for instrument development at the Front end" of the process, arid if
study budgets reflect the complexities associated with the coding of open
ended NES Questions and the reformatting of data and documentation for ICPSR
distribution.

The NES Board has proposed that future Election Studies include a variety of
separate (or independently executed) data collection operations -- each of
which would require substantial advance planning for full CATI utilization. 
The full implications of such a change for the permanent staff of the National
Election Studies are just now becoming visible, and we urge the staff to
proceed carefully, in order to maximize the integrity of each data collection
involved while making an orderly transition to the new technology. In general,
we recommend that future studies use CATI-type systems only if (or when) they
 meet the following guidelines:

     1.  CATI should only be used when the system and instrumentation involved
have reached a level of technical stability that reduces the overall costs or
provides a demonstrable enhancement in the overall quality of the resulting
 data; or

     2.  When the complexity of instrumentation is such that computer-assisted
techniques are essential in order to satisfy the research objectives involved;
and

     3.  The extra investment in advance planning and instrument development
required for CATI studies should not be undertaken without the prior
recruitment and training of additional senior staff with the appropriate
substantive and technical expertise.

                 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS MID RECOMMENDATIONS

The results of the 1982 Method Comparison Study suggest that telephone-based
methods are feasible and cost-effective for NES.  Given our current estimates
of comparative costs for future studies, it is clear that the newer survey
methods are generally appropriate for those NES research objectives which
could only be accomplished with telephone surveys, and that telephone-based
methods can also serve as a valuable complement to household sampling and
face-to-face interviewing for the NES time series. 

This last point deserves special emphasis, for the Board is considering a
dual-frame design for the traditional (Fall) surveys which extent the NES time
series. In such a plan, both traditional and telephone-based methods would be
employee simultaneously to collect two independent (but complementary)
national cross-sections. The resulting telephone interviews would be collected
at lower cost and would be used to enlarge the overall sample size for those
analyses which require more cases or better coverage of specialized
subpopulations. And each sample would serve to correct for known weaknesses in
the other, based on the differences better, methods in both coverage and
response rates.  As a result, the combined national sample would provide a
better description of the potential electorate than has heretofore been
possible. At the same time, however, time series analyses be restricted to the
personal interview-only component, in to avoid confusing true differences with
method effects interpretation of aggregate change over time.

Continuing Methodological And Technical Issues.  These general conclusions are
already reflected in the Board's long term proposals for data collection
although the dual frame design is not currently scheduled for use in 1984. But
it is increasingly clear that NES has only begun what must become a continuing
program of method-related research, for the cost and data quality tradeoffs
associated with newer survey technology continue to change at a very rapid
pace. In particular, NES staff and Board members will be engaged in continuing
analyses of the 1982 study, with special emphasis on its internal experiments
with respect to measurement, congressional district identification, and CATI
effectiveness. And any use of a dual frame design for the traditional (or time 
series) component of subsequent studies will make it possible for NES to
replicate basic results from the 1982 study -- and thereby monitor changed in
the cost and data quality tradeoffs associated with telephone-based methods.
We therefore urge the Board to allocate resources for G continuing evaluation
of method differences in sample or measurement quality, and of the cost- and
staff-related tradeoffs associated with computer-based techniques.

In summary, the 1982 Method Comparison Project has made it possible for NES to
take a major step forward in utilizing new survey techniques to maximize the
efficiency of data collection, while maintaining the maximum possible
comparability with the NES time series. If appropriate attention is given to
the complications posed by using two parallel systems for data collection,
future studies should be able to substantially enlarge the set of research
 objectives that can be accommodated. 


                                       REFERENCES

Freeman, Howard E., K. Jill Kiecolt, William L.Nicholls, and J. Merrill
      Shanks, "Telephone Sampling Bias in Surveying Disability", Public
      Opinion Quarterly, Fall 1982, 392-407.

Freeman, Howard E., and J. Merrill Shanks, ed, "The Emergence of
      Computer-Assisted Survey Research", a forthcoming special issue of
      Sociological Methods and Research.

Groves, Robert M. and Robert L. Kahn, Surveys by Telephone, Academic Press,
     1979.

Shanks, J. Merrill, Wm. Michael Denney, J. Stephen Hendricks, J. Merrill
      Shanks, Wm. Michael 

Denney, J. Stephen Hendricks, and Richard A. Brody, "Citizen Reasoning About
      Public Issues and Policy Tradeoffs: A Progress Report on
      Computer-Assisted Political Surveys", submitted to the Russell Sage
      Foundation, October 1981.