Version 03 Codebook
-------------------
CODEBOOK APPENDIX FILE
ANES 1988-1992 MERGED SENATE FILE


USER NOTE:
Much of his file has been converted to electronic format via OCR scanning. As
a result, the user is advised that some errors in character recognition may
have resulted within the text.

MASTER CODES:


   The following master codes follow in this order:


            PARTY-CANDIDATE MASTER CODE

            CAMPAIGN ISSUES MASTER CODES

            CONGRESSIONAL LEADERSHIP CODE

            ELECTIVE OFFICE CODE

            RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE MASTER CODE

            SENATOR NAMES CODES

            CAMPAIGN MANAGERS AND POLLSTERS

            CAMPAIGN CONTENT CODES

            HOUSE CANDIDATES

            CANDIDATE CODES

>> VII. MASTER CODES - Survey Variables

>> VII.A. Party/Candidate ('Likes/Dislikes')
                         
       ?
       PARTY-CANDIDATE MASTER CODE
       
        
       PARTY ONLY -- PEOPLE WITHIN PARTY
       


      0001   Johnson
      0002   Kennedy, John; JFK
      0003   Kennedy, Robert; RFK
      0004   Kennedy, Edward; "Ted"
      0005   Kennedy, NA which
      0006   Truman
      0007   Roosevelt; "FDR"
      0008   McGovern
      0009   Carter
      0010   Mondale
      0011   McCarthy, Eugene
      0012   Humphrey
      0013   Muskie
      0014   Dukakis, Michael
      0015   Wallace
      0016   Jackson, Jesse
      0017   Clinton, Bill


      0031   Eisenhower; Ike
      0032   Nixon
      0034   Rockefeller
      0035   Reagan
      0036   Ford
      0037   Bush
      0038   Connally
      0039   Kissinger
      0040   McCarthy, Joseph
      0041   Buchanan, Pat


      0051   Other national party figures (Senators, Congressman, etc.)
      0052   Local party figures (city, state, etc.)
      0053   Good/Young/Experienced leaders; like whole ticket
      0054   Bad/Old/Inexperienced leaders; dislike whole ticket
      0055   Reference to vice-presidential candidate
?
Make  0097   Other people within party reasons
Card


        
       PARTY ONLY -- PARTY CHARACTERISTICS
       
      0101   Traditional Democratic voter: always been a Democrat; just a 
             Democrat; never been a Republican; just couldn't vote Republican

      0102   Traditional Republican voter: always been a Republican; just a
             Republican; never been a Democrat; just couldn't vote Democratic

      0111   Positive, personal, affective terms applied to party--good/nice
             people; patriotic; etc.

      0112   Negative, personal, affective terms applied to party--bad/lazy
             people; lack of patriotism; etc.

      0121   Can trust them; they keep their promises; you know where they 
             stand

      0122   Can't trust them; they break their promises; you don't know
             where they stand

      0131   Party is well-organized, sticks together, is united; members are
             disciplined; votes party line

      0132   Party is poorly-organized/really two
             parties/divided/factionalized; members not disciplined; doesn't 
             vote party line

      0133   Party is (more) representative/good cross-section of the 
             encompasses a wider variety of views/people; is more at the 
             center of the country's views

      0134   Party is less/not representative; bad cross-section of the 
             country; encompasses more restricted views; is less at the 
             center of the country's views

      0135   Reference to participation of minority candidate(s)

      0141   Reference to party's most recent National Convention; party's
             process/method of selecting presidential/vice-presidential 
             candidates

      0151   Performance of local branch of party; how they've done in this
             state/county/town

      0161   Reference to the predominant faction that R sees as being in
             control of the party (NA which faction); "I don't like the 
             people running it"
      0162   Reference to Northerners/Liberals (as in control) of Democratic
             Party
      0163   Reference to Southerners/Conservatives (as in control) of
             Democratic Party

       ?
       PARTY ONLY -- PARTY CHARACTERISTICS CONT'D.
       

      0164   Reference to Easterners/Liberals/Moderates (as in control) of 
             Republican Party
      0165   Reference to Midwesterners/Westerners/Southerners/Conservatives 
            (as in control) of Republican Party

167 Can't win; doesn't have a chance

      0168   Can win; party can't be beat

      0169   Too big a party; there are too many of them; party is too 
             powerful
      0170   Too small a party; there are not enough of them; party is too
             weak

      0171   Listens (more) to people; takes (more) into consideration the 
             needs and wants of people; understands (better) the people/the 
             majority of the people
      0172   Doesn't listen to/understand the needs and wants of the 
             people/the majority of the people

      0173   Campaign tactics, uses too much money in campaigns, slings mud

      0174   Party has been in office/controlled Congress/held the White 
             House too long/long enough; we need a change (of party) [code 
             430 for mentions of candidate]

 
Make  0197   Other party-characteristic reasons
Card


        
       CANDIDATE ONLY -- EXPERIENCE, ABILITY
       

 
Low   0201   General reference to him as "a good/bad man or a good/bad
pri-         guy"; R has heard good/bad things about him; qualifications;
ority        general ability; reference to his "personality"
      
      *0203  Not qualified for the office; the job is too big for him to 
             handle

      0211   Experienced (NA what kind) (see 0217, 0218, 0220 for specific
             kinds of experience; if in foreign policy see 1100's)

      0212   Inexperienced

      0213   Dependable/Trustworthy/Reliable; a man you can trust with the
             responsibilities of government ("trust" in the capability sense,
             rather than the honesty sense)   
             
      0214   Undependable/Untrustworthy/Unreliable; a man you can't trust 
             with the responsibilities of government

      0215   A military man; a good military/war record

      0216   Not a military man; bad military/war record; no military/war 
             record

      0217   His record in public service; how well he's performed in 
             previous offices; voting record in Congress

      0218   Has government experience/political 
             experience/seniority/incumbency
      0219   Lacks government experience/political experience

      0220   A statesman; has experience in foreign affairs
      0221   Not a statesman; lacks experience in foreign affairs

      0222   "He has done a good job so far"; he has brought us through hard
              times"; has gotten things done has some good ideas; trying to 
              do right things

      0223   Hasn't done anything; hasn't produced any results (general); has 
             not been able to get programs off the ground

      0224   Has fulfilled/kept (campaign) promises
      0225   Has not fulfilled/kept (campaign) promises
 
Make  0297   Other candidate experience/ability reasons
Card


        
       CANDIDATE ONLY -- CANDIDATE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES
       

      0301   Dignified/has dignity
      0302   Undignified/lacks dignity

      0303   Strong/decisive/self-confident/aggressive; will end all this
             indecision
      0304   Weak/indecisive/lacks self-confidence/vacillating

      0305   Inspiring; a man you can follow; "a leader"
      0306   Uninspiring; not a man you can follow; not a leader

      *0335  Makes people feel good about America/being Americans; is 
             patriotic/loves the country

      0307   People have confidence in him
      0308   People don't have confidence in him

      0309   Good at communicating with blacks, young people, other "problem"
             groups
      0310   Bad at communicating with blacks, young people, other "problem" 
             groups (if communicate in general, see 0441, 0442)

      0311   Knows how to handle people (at personal level)
      0312   Doesn't know how to handle people (at personal level)

      0313   A politician/political person; (too) much in politics; a good
             politician; part of Washington crowd; politically motivated; 
             just wants to be re-elected
      0314   Not a politician; not in politics; above politics; a bad 
             politician

      0315   Independent; no one runs him; his own boss
      0316   Not independent; run by others; not his own man/boss

      0317   Humble; knows his limitations; doesn't pretend to know all the
             answers
      0318   Not humble enough; too cocky/self-confident; can't admit
             shortcomings; blames others for his/her mistakes

      0319   (Too) Careful/Cautious/Good judgment
      0320   (Too) Impulsive/Careless/Bad/Poor judgment

      *0334  Poor at explaining himself/his positions; doesn't answer 
             questions clearly; speaks off the top of his head/doesn't stop 
             to think before he speaks


       ?
       CANDIDATE ONLY -- CANDIDATE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES CONT'D.
       

      0321   Helps people in the district on a personal level; has helped R
             personally with a problem (specific mention); tries to do things
             for the people
      0322   Doesn't help people in the district on a personal level; was not
             helpful to R with a personal problem(specific mention)

      0323   Represents (well) the views of the district; close to people in 
             the district; comes home regularly to chat and mix with people
      0324   Does not represent (well) the views of the district; not close 
             to the people in the district; doesn'T interact enough with the 
             people

      0325   Keeps people well informed about governmental matters; 
             communicates with constituents; any mention of R receiving 
             newsletters or communications from him/her; explains matters 
             well so people can understand
      0326   Does not inform people enough about governmental matters; does 
             not send enough newsletters or communications; doesn't explain 
             matters well

      0327   Listens to the people/solicits public opinion; any mention of 
             polls or questionnaires; is accessible to constituents (NFS)
      0328   Doesn't listen to the people/does not solicit public opinion;
             isn't accessible to constituents (NFS)

      0329   Has helped local (district) economy; brought money, projects, 
             jobs to district
      0330   Has not helped local (district) economy; not brought money,
             projects, jobs to district

      0331   Candidate helps the district; watches out for the interests of 
             the district or region in general
      0332   Candidate has not protected/watched out for the interests of the
             district (specific mentions)

      *0334  Located after 0320
      *0335  Located after 0306

?
Make  0397   Other candidate leadership reason
Card



        
       CANDIDATE ONLY -- PERSONAL QUALITIES
       

      0401   Honest/Sincere; keeps promises; man of integrity; means what he
             says; fair; not tricky; open and candid; straightforward; 
             positive Playboy references (1976)
      0402   Dishonest/Insincere; breaks promises; no integrity; doesn't mean
             what he says; tricky; not open and candid; not straightforward

      0403   Man of high principles/ideals; high moral purpose; idealistic 
             (if too idealistic, code 0416)
      0404   Lacks principles/ideals

      0405   Racist/Bigoted/Prejudiced
      0406   Not a racist/bigoted/prejudiced

      0407   Public servant; man of duty; conscientious; hard-working; would 
             be a full-time President; good attendance record in Congress; 
             dedicated; really interested in serving people

      0408   Doesn't take public service seriously; lazy; would be a part-
             time President; poor attendance record in office; not dedicated; 
             not really interested in serving people

      0409   Doesn't use office for personal benefit; not in office to 
             maximize personal benefit
      0410   Uses/in office (mostly) for personal benefits (junket trips, big
             salary, other perks)

      0411   Patriotic; (88) like Bush's stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue
      0412   Unpatriotic; (88) dislike Dukakis' stand on Pledge of Allegiance
             issue

      0413   Understands the nation's/district's problems; well-informed; 
             studies up on issues
      0414   Doesn't understand the nation's/district's problems; poorly 
             informed; doesn't study up on issues

      0415   Realistic
      0416   Unrealistic; too idealistic; (if "idealistic" in positive sense,
             code 0403)

      0417   Uses common sense; makes a lot of sense; 
             pragmatic/practical/down-to-earth
      0418   Not sensible; impractical

      0419   (Too) well educated; scholarly
      0420   Poorly educated; unschooled



       ?
       CANDIDATE ONLY -- PERSONAL QUALITIES CONT'D.
       

      0421   Intelligent/Smart
      0422   Unintelligent/Stupid/Dumb
      *0464  Uninformed; doesn't (seem to) know anything about the 
             issues/what 
             is going on in the country/government

      0423   Religious; "moral" (in religious sense); God-fearing; "too" 
             religious
      0424   "Irreligious"; "immoral" (in religious sense); Playboy interview 
             (reflects on Carter--1976)

      0425   Self-made; not well off; started out as poor; worked his way up; 
            (started out) unpolished/unrefined/rough
      0426   Wealthy; rich; born with silver spoon in mouth;
             polished/refined/well-mannered

      0427   Old hat; has run before; a die-hard; "a loser" (in the past)
      0428   Someone new; a fresh face

      0429   Don't change horses in midstream
      0430   Time for a change; incumbent has been in office too long/long 
             enough [code 174 for mentions of party]

      0431   Unsafe/Unstable; dictatorial; craves power; ruthless
      0432   Safe/Stable

      0433   Sense of humor; jokes a lot (too much)
      0434   No sense of humor; humorless (too serious)

      0435   Kind/Warm/Gentle
      0436   Cold/Aloof

      0437   Likeable; gets along with people; friendly; outgoing
      0438   Not likeable; can't get along with people

      0439   Democratic (in non-partisan sense)
      0440   Undemocratic (in non-partisan sense)

      0441   High-fallutin'/High-brow; talks in circles; can't talk to common
             man; can't communicate ideas well
      0442   Not high-fallutin'/is low-brow; talks straight; can talk to 
             common man; can communicate ideas well

      0443   Well-known; "I know him/her"
      0444   Unknown; not well known

      0445   Reference to his family (not 0457)
      0446   Reference to his wife/spouse



       ?
       CANDIDATE ONLY -- PERSONAL QUALITIES CONT'D.
       

      0447   Speaking ability
      0448   Health
      0449   Appearance/Looks/Face/Appearance on TV; his smile

      0450   Age (NA how perceived)
      0451   (Too) Old
      0452   (Too) Young

      0453   Mature
      0454   Immature

      0455   Regional reference; "he's a Southerner"; "he's a Midwesterner"; 
             he comes from the country/a rural area; area reference

      0456   Previous occupation

      0457   He's a family man

      0459   Energetic; too energetic
      0460   Not energetic

      0461   Gender, e.g., "She's a woman"
      0462   Racial/Ethnic attribute; "He is a black man"

      *0464  Located after 0422

 N0   0495   Other negative personal qualities
Make  0496   Other positive personal qualities
Card

      0497   Other candidate personal qualities


      0498   References to Playboy interview--NA direction or neutral; "it's
             OK," "that is what the Bible says" (not 0401)--1976


       ?
       CANDIDATE ONLY--PARTY CONNECTIONS
       

      0500   A Democrat; good Democrat; typical Democrat
      0501   A Republican; good Republican; typical Republican

      0502   Controlled by party regulars/bosses/machine
      0503   Not controlled by party regulars/bosses

      0504   Reference to men around him/staff/followers

      0505   Reference to his speeches (exc. 0447), campaign tactics; mud-
             slinging; (88) dislike Bush's stand on Pledge of Allegiance
             issue

      0506   Can win; best choice for party victory
      0507   Cannot win; not good choice for party victory

      0508   Reference to linkage with other party figures (he's close to the 
             Kennedy's; he was close to Eisenhower; etc.)

      0509   Would continue/keep/follow Democratic policies (unspecified)
      0510   Would change/get rid of        "         "

      0511   Would continue/keep/follow Democratic domestic policies
             (unspecified, not codeable in 0900's)
      0512   Would change/get rid of        "         "         "

      0513   Would continue/keep/follow Democratic foreign policies 
             (unspecified, not codeable in 1100's)
      0514   Would change/get rid of        "         "         "

      0515   Would continue/keep/follow Republican policies (unspecified)
      0516   Would change/get rid of        "         "

      0517   Would continue/keep/follow Republican domestic policies 
             (unspecified, not codeable in 0900's)
      0518   Would change/get rid of        "         "         "

      0519   Would continue/keep/follow Republican foreign policies 
             (unspecified, not codeable in 1100's)
      0520   Would change/get rid of        "         "         "

      0531   More liberal than most Democrats; a Northern Democrat
      0532   More conservative   "      "    ; a Southern Democrat

      0533   More liberal than most Republicans; an Eastern Republican
      0534   More conservative   "      "      ; a Midwestern/Western/
             Southern Republican

      0535   Will bring in/listen to the (party) liberals
      0536   Will bring in/listen to the (party) conservatives


       ?
       CANDIDATE ONLY--PARTY CONNECTIONS CONT'D.
       

541 References to the physical or mental health of vice-presidential
incumbent/candidate; emotional state/stability of vice-presidential
incumbent/candidate; [1972] References to the Eagleton affair
        
Make 0542    Reference to vice-presidential incumbent/candidate, running
Card         mate - NEC
     0543    References to age/gender/race/ethnic background of vice-
             presidential incumbent/candidate; [1984] Mondale's selection of 
             a woman for vice-president

      0544   Mention of issue(s) that vice-presidential incumbent/candidate 
             is identified with or has taken a leading role in promoting; 
             [1992] Gore's position on the environment

      0551   References to link with "Watergate"-positive reference to 
             Watergate
      0552   Not associated with "Watergate"--negative reference to 
             Watergate; making too much out of Watergate

      0553   Ford's pardon of Nixon--NA direction or against pardon
      0554     "       "       "   --pro; brave/right thing to do

      0555   Positive references about independent candidacy; maybe the 
             country needs a third party; third parties should have more 
             recognition; the two party system needs buckling
      0556   Negative references/liabilities related to independent 
             candidacy; "he's an independent" (NFS); "we don't need a third 
             party"; "he lacks backing from a party"

 
Make  0597   Other candidate party connection reasons
Card


        
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT
       

      0601   Good/Efficient/Businesslike administration; balanced budget; 
             lower/wouldn't increase national debt; cautious spending
      0602   Bad/Inefficient/Unbusinesslike administration; wasteful; 
             "bureaucratic"; deficit budget; higher/increased national debt;
             overspend

      0603   Honest government; not corrupt; no "mess in Washington"
      0604   Dishonest/Corrupt government; "mess in Washington"; immorality 
             in government; reference to Hayes, Mills, Lance; [1992] writing 
             bad checks on the House of Representatives bank

      0605   (Would) Spend less (than other side); (would) spend too little
      0606   (Would) Spend more (than other side); (would) spend too much

      0607   Has brought/will bring about bureaucratic reform
      0608   Has not brought/will not bring about bureaucratic reform
?
Low   0609   General assessment of job he/they would do/are doing; is
pri-         good/bad President; are providing good/bad administration
ority*0622   Doesn't work (hard) at job; not involved (enough) in the work of 
             his office/delegates too much authority to others; has chosen
             poor/incompetent aides; his aides have not performed well
      0610   Reference to management/performance in Congress/Supreme 
             Court/other government agency;  references to the quality of 
             appointments made to public posts (courts, cabinet, commissions)

      0611   He has/has not worked well with (Democratic) Congress; 
             would/could have done better with (Republican) Congress; he 
             kept/would keep Congress in check
      0612   He will work well/better with (Democratic) Congress

      0613   Gets more done/accomplishes as much/more productive
      0614   Gets less done/doesn't accomplish as much/less productive

      *0625  Mostly approve of/happy with job done so far, but doesn't 
             approve of everything that has been done

      0615   Sympathy/understanding expressed for the complexity/ magnitude 
             of the job (e.g., President): tough job

      0616   Sympathy/understanding expressed for the difficult situation ("a 
             mess") inherited by the incumbent

      *0623  Doing the best he can (under the circumstances); doing as good a 
             job as anyone else could do; everyone makes some mistakes



       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVT MANAGEMENT CONTD
       
      0617   Will face (difficult) issues; faces problems directly; faces up 
             to political reality
      0618   Will not face (difficult) issues; will not face problems 
             directly; ignores political reality
      0619   Supports the president/works well with the president/would work 
             well with the president
      0620   Does not support the president/does not (would not) work well 
             with the president

      0621   Response to/handling of domestic crisis or natural disaster - 
             riot, hurricane, tornado, earthquake, flood, etc.

      *0622  Located after 0609
      *0623  Located after 0616
      *0625  Located after 0614

      0624   Opposes term limitations for Congress
      0626   Favors term limitations for Congress

      *0627  The economy is bad, but that is not (necessarily) his fault

 
Make   0697  Other government management reasons
Card



        
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--MISCELLANEOUS
       


 
Low    0701  Just like him/them (NA why); like everything about him/them;
pri-         "I was hoping he would win the (nomination/primaries)"
ority  0702  Just dislike/Don't like him/them (NA why); don't like anything 
             about him/them

      *0732  Used to like him but don't now; have lost respect for him

       0703  Will save America; America needs him/them
       0704  Will ruin America; last thing America needs

       0705  Will unite Americans/bring people together
       0706  Will divide Americans/drive people apart

       0707  Speaks of party/candidate as good protector(s); will know what 
             to do; more intelligent
       0708  Speaks of party/candidate as bad protector(s); won't know what 
             to do

       0709  Good for country (unspecified); trying to do good job; trying; 
             not just out for self/own best interest; has/have country's 
             interest at heart
       0710  Bad for country (unspecified); don't have country's interests at 
             heart; only looking out for their own interests

       0711  Lesser of two evils

       0718. Treatment of Jesse Jackson; didn't offer him the vice-
             presidential nomination; didn't use him (effectively) to get out 
             the Black vote; weren't courteous/respectful toward him; didn't 
             keep promises made to him

       0719  References to damaging incidents in candidate's personal life
             (sexual escapades, financial problems, substance abuse, etc); 
             [1980] Reference to Chappaquidic; Kennedy's personal problems

       0720  Reference to Watergate affair (exc. 0551-0554)


       0721  The way the incumbent came to office; the people should select
             President

       0722  The incumbent should have a chance (on his own)/another
             chance/second chance



       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--MISCELLANEOUS CONT'D.
       


       0723   (I believe in/Necessary for) a two-party system; choice between 
              candidates; opposition; balances power of other party

       0724   Vote for the man rather than party; look for more qualified
              man; don't pay attention to parties

       0725  The opponent who the candidate ran against; the candidate was 
             the better/worse of the two in general; the candidate ran 
             against someone I really like/dislike

       0726  Splits votes; will elect wrong candidate; "spoiler"

       0727  Expression of sympathy/admiration for the candidate's underdog
             position; trying hard against terrible odds; courageous uphill 
             battle; "I like underdogs"; "they are bucking the guy" (keeping 
             him off ballot, not taking him seriously, not giving him enough 
             publicity)

       0728  Negative comments about the candidate's switching parties, being 
             a turncoat, disloyal to his original party

       0729  Party selection of a woman for vice-president

       0730  Mention of debates; candidate's performance in the debates

       0731. Position (vote) on increasing congressional salary; position 
             (vote)on accepting honoraria/outside pay/royalties while in 
              office

      *0732  Located after 0702

       0733  References to candidate's children or extended family [code 446 
             for references to spouse]

       0796  References to unfair/undeserved/excessive criticism by media or 
             public
?
Make   0797  Other miscellaneous reasons: Other miscellaneous reasons
Card         relating to image and candidate/party effect on nation



        
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY/PHILOSOPHY
       
 
Low    0801  General assessment of ideas/policies/stands (unspecified)
prior-
ity if 0802  Different from other party/candidate
issues 0803  Same as other party/candidate; not different enough
men-  
tioned 0804  (Too) negative; always tearing down other side; no solutions of 
             his/their own

       0805  For government activity; believe government should take care of 
             things; for big government; supports social programs/ spending 
             (not 0905-0907)
       0806  Against government activity; believe government involved in too
             many things; favors reduction in social programs/ spending (not 
             0905-0907)

       0807  Humanistic; favor human beings over property rights
       0808  Not humanistic; favor property rights over human beings

       0809  Favor social change/reform/progress/improvement of social 
             conditions
       0810  Against social change/reform/progress/improvement of social
             conditions

       0811  Socialistic
       0812  Anti-socialistic

       0813  Communistic/soft/hard-liner on Communism/apologist for    
             Communists/dupe
       0814  (Too) anti-communistic/hard-liner on Communism

       0815  (Too) liberal (except 0531 or 0533)
       0816  (Too) conservative (except 0532 or 0534)

       0817  Moderate/middle of the road/for slow change; not an 
             extremist/fanatic
       0818  Extremist/fanatic/too far out; not too moderate/not a fence-
             sitter

       0819  Pro-Far Right/Birchers/reactionaries; encouraging fascist/police 
             state
       0820  Anti-Far Right/  "          "       ; discouraging"

       0821  Pro-Far Left/radicals/Yippies/SDS; encouraging anarchy/guerilla 
             state
       0822  Anti-Far Left/   "       "     " ; discouraging   "

       0823  Pro-Extremists (NA direction)/nuts/bomb-throwers
       0824  Anti-Extremists   "            "        "


       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY/PHILOSOPHY CONT'D.
       

       0827   Pro-States'/local/community rights; better local government
       0828   Anti-  "      "       "        "  ; worse/weaker local 
              government

       0829   For equality; believe everyone should have things equally/be 
              treated equally
       0830   Anti-equality; believe some people should have more than 
              others/people should not be treated equally

       0831   Generous, compassionate, believe in helping others
       0832   Selfish, only help themselves 

       0833   Acceptance of change/new ideas; less bound to status quo; more 
              open to new ideas/ways of doing things; flexible, innovative
       0834   Resistance to change/new ideas; stick to (protect) status quo; 
              resist new ways of doing things; rigid

       0835   Has a well-defined set of beliefs/definite philosophy; does not
              compromise on principles; has (clear) understanding of goals 
              they stand for
       0836   Has poorly defined set of beliefs; lacks a definite philosophy; 
              compromise on principles; has no (clear) understanding of goals 
              they stand for

       0837   Favor work ethic; believes in self-reliance/in people working 
              hard to get ahead
       0838   Doesn't favor work ethic; believes in people being handed 
              things/in government handouts (if specific policy mentioned, 
              code in 0900's)

       0841   Keep track of/control over administration heads, cabinet 
              members, etc.; follow through on policies; determine if 
              programs are working
       0842   Don't (as in 0841)

       0843   Conditional evaluation:  R suggests candidate/party cannot 
              solve problems because not under his/their control (no negative 
              connotations); will he/they be able to do what they say 
              (determining factor outside his/their control); "I like what he 
              says but wonder if he can do it" (if clearly negative, code in 
              0122 or 0402)


       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY/PHILOSOPHY CONT'D.
       
      
       0845   Will involve/wants to involve people/Congress/Cabinet/ 
              advisors/other government officials in government/decision 
              making

       0846   Will not involve people/Congress/Cabinet/advisors/other 
              government officials in government/decision making

       0847   Separation of church and state/religion and politics--pro
       0848   Separation of church and state/religion and politics--anti
       0849   Stand/views on religion (church/state relationship NA)
 
Make   0897   Other Government Activity/Philosophy reasons
Card



        
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES
       

 
Low     0900   General assessment of domestic ideas/policies/stands
prior-        (unspecified)
ity if
issues  0901   General assessment of economic policy (unspecified)
men-  
tioned  0902   Government economic controls--NA direction
        0903      "          "         "   --Pro; we need planned economy; 
               control of private enterprise

        0904   "          "         "   --Anti; we have too much interference 
               in private enterprise

        0905   Welfare/Poverty problems--NA direction; give-away
        0906      "       "       "    --Pro government aid/activity; pro 
               give-aways
        0907   "       "       "    --Anti government aid/activity; anti 
               give-aways; pro self-help

        0908   Social Security/Pensions--NA direction
        0909   "       "       "    --Pro expansion in coverage and/or
               increase in benefits
        0910   "       "       "    --Anti expansion in coverage and/or
               increase in benefits; favoring contraction and/or decrease

        0911  Unemployment compensation--NA direction
        0912  "            "      --Pro expansion in coverage and/or increase
              in benefits
        0913  "            "      --Anti expansion in coverage and/or 
              increase in benefits; favoring contraction and/or decrease

        0914  Aid to education--NA direction
        0915  "         "    --Pro
        0916  "         "    --Anti

        0917  Aid to parochial schools--NA direction
        0918  "         "        "   --Pro
        0919  "         "        "   --Anti

        1052  School choice plans; vouchers -- pro
        1053  "            "       "       -- anti

        1047  Establish/enforce standards for schools (test teachers, require 
              minimum curricula, regulate class size, etc) -- NA direction
        1048  "          "        "   -- Pro
        1049  "          "        "   --Anti

        0920  Housing--NA direction
        0921  "    --Pro more public housing
        0922  "    --Anti more public housing

       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES CONT'D.
       

        0923   Aid/Programs for older people/the aged, Medicare, Medicaid, 
               direction -- NA
        0924   "        "        "                             --
               Pro
        0925   "        "        "                             --
               Anti

        0926   Monetary policy--NA direction
        0927   "       "   --Pro loose(r) money; more availability of loans 
               for housing, cars, etc.; lower interest rates
        0928   "       "   --Anti loose(r) money; for tighter money; less 
               availability of loans; higher interest rates

        1054   Value of the dollar relative to gold/other currencies; any 
               mentions of gold/currencies

        1046   Solvency/stability/regulation/control of the nation's 
               FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.  [1990] Involvement in the Savings and 
               Loan scandals

        0929   Tax policy--NA direction
        0930   "    "   --Pro lower taxes
        0931   "    "   --Anti lower taxes; for higher taxes
        0932   "    "   --Pro reform/fairer system/end of loopholes/write-
               offs/dodges
        0933   "    "   --Anti reform/fairer system/end of loopholes/write-
               offs/dodges

        1055   Line item veto -- pro
        1056   Line item veto -- anti

        0942   [1990] Candidate voted for the budget agreement which resulted 
               in increased taxes/fees

        0934   "The Times"/General conditions/Prosperity/The Economy --better 
               under him/them 
        0935   "          "     --worse under him/them

        0936   Inflation/Cost of living--lower/better under him/them
        0937   "         "        "  --higher/worse under him/them

        0938   Wages/Salaries/Income/Employment--higher/better under him/them
        0939   "       "        "       "     --lower/worse under him/them

        0940   Prices for producers--higher/better under him/them
        0941   "              "  --lower/worse (if farm, see 0943-0945)

        0942   Located after 0933



       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES CONT'D.
       

        0943   Programs to help farmers -- NA direction
        0944   "      "            "  -- Pro (greater) help/fairer system, 
               reform in system; higher price supports
        0945   "      "            "  -- Anti (greater)help/fairer system, 
               reform in system; higher price supports

        0946   Civil rights/Racial justice/Integration/Desegregation/Voting    
          
               Rights -- NA direction
        0947   "      "                 -- Pro
        0948   "      "                 -- Anti

        1043   Affirmative Action programs -- NA direction
        1044   "       "            "    -- Pro; favors quotas based on race
               or gender
        1045   "        "            "    -- Anti; opposes quotas based on 
               race or gender

        0949   Civil liberties/Freedom of expression/First amendment/ Privacy 
               - NA direction
        0950   "     -- Pro; against snooping; political trials, etc; (88) 
               like Dukakis' stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue
        0951   "     -- Anti; for snooping; political trials; McCarthyite; 
               (88) dislike Republican party stand on Pledge of Allegiance 
               issue

        0952   General assessment of Labor policy (unspecified)

        0953   Right to work laws--NA direction
        0954    "      "      "  --Pro (i.e., opposes unions [anti-labor, 
               code 1208])
        0955    "      "      "  --Anti (i.e., supports unions [pro-labor, 
               code 1207])

        0956   Strikes--NA direction
        0957     "    --will have fewer/will handle better
        0958     "    --will have more/will handle worse

        0959   Public power/Utilities/TVA/Atomic reactors/Nuclear power 
               plants/Etc.        -- NA direction
        0960     "        "     " -- Pro
        0961     "        "     " -- Anti

        1059   Regulation of companies engaged in public communication or 
               transportation -- pro
        1060     "            "            "            "         -- anti


       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES CONT'D.
       

        0962   Ecology/Environment; Air and Water Pollution-NA direction
        0963   Will crack down on polluters, will be activist; will protect 
               the environment
        0964   Won't crack down on polluters, doesn't care; in league with 
               polluters; not willing to protect the environment

        0965   Veterans' Benefits--NA direction
        0966      "          "   --Pro expansion of coverage and/or increase 
               in benefits
        0967      "          "   --Anti expansion of coverage and/or increase 
               in benefits; favoring contraction and/or decrease

        0968   Law and order--NA direction
        0969    "        "  --soft line--unspecified
        0970    "        "     "     " --blacks
        0971    "        "     "     " --campus demonstrators
        0972    "        "     "     " --criminals/organized crime/
               hoodlums/street crime
        0973    "        "     "     " --anti power of police; court
               interference
        1041    "        "     "     " --opposes death penalty
        0974    "        "  --hard line--unspecified
        0975    "        "     "     " --blacks
        0976    "        "     "     " --campus demonstrators
        0977    "        "     "     " --criminals/organized crime/ 
               hoodlums/street crime
        0978    "        "     "     " --pro power of police; reduced court 
               interference
        1042    "        "     "     " --favors death penalty

        0979   Public morality--NA direction
        0980   "       "    --Strict/older/traditionalistic outlook;
               improve/renew morality of country; pro-family; defends family 
               values
        0981   "       "    --Permissive/newer/modernistic outlook; not 
               (strongly enough) pro-family; doesn't defend (strongly enough) 
               family values

        0982   Drugs--NA direction
        0983   "  --Pro legalization/decriminalization; soft-liner; (88)
               doesn't support (strongly enough) the war on drugs; not 
               willing to do more to combat drug use/pushers; involvement 
               with Noreiga
        0984  "  --Anti legalization/decriminalization; hard-liner; (88) 
               supports the war on drugs; willing to do more to combat drug 
               use/pushers


       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES CONT'D.
       

        0985   Abortion and birth control--NA direction
        0986      "          "        "  --Pro reform/legalization; new 
               outlook
        0987      "          "        "  --Anti reform/legalization; 
               traditional outlook

        0988   Gun control--NA direction
        0989    "     "   --Pro; controls
        0990    "     "   --Anti; "everyone has the right to own a gun"

        0991   Busing--NA direction
        0992     "   --Pro; against neighborhood school
        0993     "   --Anti; for neighborhood school

        0994   Urban problem/Cities--NA direction
        0995      "     "      "   --Pro government aid/activity
        0996      "     "      "   --Anti government aid/activity

 
Make    0997   Other domestic policy reasons
Card



        1001   National Health Insurance--NA direction
        1002      "       "        "    --Pro
        1003      "       "        "    --Anti

        1004   Energy/Gas shortage--Development of alternative energy source, 
               NA direction
        1005   "     "      "   --Pro development of alternative source, 
               better/handled better; more fuel
        1006   "     "      "   --Anti development of alternative energy 
               source, worse/handled worse; less fuel


                
               References to nuclear energy should be coded in 0959. 
                

        1007   Government plans to make more jobs--NA direction; make-work 
               programs; CETA; WPAL; CCA
        1008      "         "         "        " --Pro
        1009      "         "         "        " --Anti
        1010   Confidence/Trust in government--NA direction
        1011       "         "         "     --would handle better; restore 
               confidence
        1012       "         "         "     --would handle worse; cause loss 
               of confidence
        1013   ERA; Women's rights--NA direction
        1014    "     "       "   --Pro
        1015    "     "       "   --Anti

        
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES CONT'D.
       

        1016   Influx of political/economic refugees (Cubans, Haitians, 
               Mexicans, etc.)   --NA direction
        1017     "        "        "       --Pro
        1018     "        "        "       --Anti
        1019   School prayer--NA direction
        1020      "     "   --Pro
        1021      "     "   --Anti
        1022   Gay rights--NA direction
        1023    "    "   --Pro
        1024    "    "   --Anti
        1025   Health--NA direction
        1026     "   --Pro government programs/aid for mentally ill, 
               disabled, handicapped
        1027     "   --Anti   "        "        "       "        " (except 
               0923, 0924, 0925)
        1028   Space program--NA direction
        1029     "     "    --Pro
        1030     "     "    --Anti
        1031   Help to/improvement in a specific industry or occupation--NA 
               direction
        1032      "         "         "        "           "  -- Pro help/ 
               improvement
        1033      "         "         "        "           "  -- Anti help/ 
               improvement

        1057   Spending on infrastructure (roads, bridges, etc) -- pro
        1058     "            "            "            "       -- anti

        *1035  Polarization of classes/increasing gap between rich and poor-
               NA direction
        *1036       "           "            "          "         " -will 
               stop trend/handle better
        *1037       "           "            "          "         " -will 
               accelerate trend/handle better

        1038   Day care--NA direction
        1039    "   "  --favors/will expand or extend day care programs
        1040    "   "  --opposes/will not expand or extend (will cut or 
               eliminate) day care programs

        1050   Family/maternity leave laws -- pro
        1051     "            "            -- anti


       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES CONT'D.
       

        1041   Located after 0973
        1042   Located after 0978
        1043   Located after 0948
        1044   Located after 0948
        1045   Located after 0948
        1046   Located after 0928
        1047   Located after 0919
        1048   Located after 0919
        1049   Located after 0919
        1050   Located after 1040
        1051   Located after 1040
        1052   Located after 0919
        1053   Located after 0919
        1054   Located after 0928
        1055   Located after 0933
        1056   Located after 0933
        1057   Located after 1033
        1058   Located after 1033
        1059   Located after 0961
        1060   Located after 0961


        
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES
       

 
Low     1101   General assessment of foreign ideas/policies/stands
prior-        (unspecified)
ity if
issues  1102   Foreign policies more clear-cut/decisive; less bungling
men-    1103   Foreign policies less clear-cut/decisive; more bungling
tioned
        1104   Internationalist/Interested in other countries' 
               problems/Interested in world role/Pro-UN and allies; Meddling 
               in other people's problems

        1105   Isolationist/America First/Fortress America/Would meddle less 
               in other people's problems 

        1184   Military/Defense position/spending--NA direction or neutral 
               (not 1106, 1107)

        1106   Strong military position/Preparedness/Weapons systems/Pentagon 
               spending/Overkill; SDI ("Star Wars")
        1107   Weak military position/Pentagon spending cutbacks/No 
               overkill/Reduce armed forces; SDI ("Star Wars")

        1108   Cold-war oriented; opposed detente; international Communist-
               fighter
        1109   Against cold war/Wants thaw/Detente/Understanding with 
               international communists (if NA whether international, code in 
               0813-0814)

        1110   Military aid to allies--NA direction
        1111      "      "       "   --Pro
        1112      "      "       "   --Anti

        1113   Economic aid/Foreign aid/AID/Non-military aid--NA direction
        1114      "     "     "     "     "     "     "     --Pro
        1115      "     "     "     "     "     "     "     --Anti

        1116   Located after 1163
        1117     "      "     "

        1118   Mideast--NA direction; any references to oil embargo; boycott 
               of companies dealing with Israel; [1992] References to 
               involvement in Iraq-gate/arming of Saddam Hussein
        1119      "   --handle better/more experience; positive comments 
               about Arab-Israeli peace treaty
        1120      "   --handle worse/less experience; negative comments about
               Arab-Israeli peace treaty

        1121      "   --Pro-Israel/anti-Arabs
        1122      "   --Anti-Israel/pro-Arabs; wishy-washy on Israel

       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES CONT'D.
                 

        1123   Red China--NA direction
        1124    "    "  --handle better/more experience/doing well, better
        1125    "    "  --handle worse/less experience/doing poorly
        1126    "    "  --pro understanding/thaw/detente/new relationships/ 
               recognition/admission to UN
        1127    "    " --anti understanding/thaw/detente/new relationships/ 
               recognition/admission to UN; defender of Formosa/ 
               Chaing/Nationalists

        1128   Russia--NA direction
        1129     "   --handle better/more experience
        1130     "   --handle worse/less experience
        1131     "   --pro understanding/thaw/detente/broadening of 
               relations; SALT II
        1132     "   --anti understanding/thaw/detente/broadening of 
               relations; SALT II

        1133   Eastern Europe--NA direction
        1134      "      "   --handle better/more experience
        1135      "      "   --handle worse/less experience
        1136      "      "   --pro defense of Iron-Curtain countries
        1137      "      "   --anti   "           "            "

        1301   Western Europe -- NA direction
        1302     "      "     -- handling relations with European     
               Community/specific countries well (better)
        1303     "      "            "            " badly (worse)

        1138   Latin America--NA direction
        1139      "      "   --handle better/more experience
        1140      "      "   --handle worse/less experience
        1141      "      "   --pro-third world posture; reach understanding 
               with Castro/Chile/neutrals; anti-colonialism/European powers; 
               against Contra aid/pro-Sandinista
        1142      "      "   --anti-third world posture; hard anti-
               communism/anti-revolutionary policy; pro-colonialism/European 
               powers; pro Contra aid/anti-Sandinista
        *1198  (Involvement in) Diversion of money to the Contras (in 
               violation of the law)

        1143   Africa--NA direction
        1144      "   --handle better/more experience
        1145      "   --handle worse/less experience
        1146      "   --pro-third world posture; reach understanding with 
               leftists/neutrals; anti-colonialism/European powers
        1147     "    --anti-third world posture; hard anti-communism/anti-
               revolutionary policy; pro-colonialism/European powers


       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES CONT'D.
                 

        1148   Asia/India--NA direction
        1149     "    "  --handle better/more experience
        1150     "    "  --handle worse/less experience
        1151     "    "  --pro India/Bangladesh
        1152     "    "  --pro Pakistan

        1153   Located after 1163
        1154     "       "    "
        1155     "       "    "
        1156     "       "    "

        1157   Vietnam/Indochina/Southeast Asia--NA direction
        1158      "       "        "        "  --better chance for peace
        1159      "       "        "        "  --poorer chance for peace; 
               failed to end war
        1160      "       "        "        "  --pro military victory/ 
               preservation of Saigon regime
        1161      "       "        "        "  --anti military victory/ 
               willing to sacrifice Thieu/Ky; favoring withdrawal
        1163      "       "       --will bring policy change (unspecified)
      
        1116   Trouble spots (not specifically coded)--would handle better
               (Panama, Afghanistan, Persian Gulf)
        1117      "     "       "       "       "    --would handle worse
               (Panama, Afghanistan, Persian Gulf)
        1162   (88) The invasion of Grenada
        1300   (91) The Persian Gulf war/ Desert Storm

        1153   Would raise American prestige
        1154   Would lower American prestige; not maintain American prestige

        1155   Would have better chance for peace (unspecified); not get us 
               into trouble abroad
        1156   Would have poorer chance for peace (unspecified); get us into 
               war/trouble abroad

        1164   Tariffs--NA direction
        1165      "   --Pro free trade/reduce tariffs; would not protect US 
               labor from foreign competition
        1166      "   --Anti free trade; for high tariffs; would protect US
               labor from foreign competition


       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES CONT'D.
                 
        *1196  Foreign trade/balance of payments deficit--any mention
        1167   Trade with communists--NA direction
        1168      "           "     --Pro
        1169      "           "     --Anti

        1170   Draft--NA direction
        1171     "  --Pro volunteer army/abolition of peacetime draft
        1172     "  --Anti volunteer army; for peacetime draft
        1173     "  --Pro amnesty/pardon
        1174     "  --Anti amnesty/draft dodgers/pardon

        1178   Amnesty--NA direction

        1175   POW-MIA--Will get prisoners back, will not abandon them
        1176   POW-MIA--Will not get prisoners back, will abandon them
        1177   POW-MIA--NA direction

        1178   Located after 1174

        1179   Did a good job of getting the boys/country out of Vietnam war; 
               got us out of Vietnam

        1180   Should have won Vietnam war; gave too much away and then 
               pulled out

        1181   Secrecy/deception in U.S. foreign policy; shuttle diplomacy; 
               Kissinger's foreign policy (1976) -NA direction
        1182       "         "       "        "     --Pro
        1183       "         "       "        "     --Anti

        1184   Located after 1105

        1185   Priorities in military/defense spending (not reduction or 
               increase but allocation of existing defense budget--Pro
        1186   Priorities in military/defense spending (not reduction or
               increase but allocation of existing defense budget--Anti

        1187   Iranian crisis; American hostages (1980)/Arms sale (1986)
               --NA direction
        1188      "      "        "        "    --has handled well/would 
               handle better
        1189      "      "        "        "    --has handled poorly/would 
               handle worse

        1190   Nuclear freeze/Disarmament--NA direction
        1191      "      "        "      --Pro
        1192      "      "        "      --Anti


       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES CONT'D.
                 
        1193   Terrorism; dealings with terrorists; hostages (except 1187-
               1189)-- NA direction; (88)Bombing of Libya
        1194    "            "       "    -- has handled/would handle better; 
               (88) Bombing of Libya/handling of Khadafy
        1195    "            "       "    -- has handled/would handle worse; 
               (88) Bombing of Libya/handling of Khadafy

        *1196  Located after 1166
?
Make    1197   Other foreign policy reasons
Card
       *1198   Located after 1142

        1199   Iran-Contra affair--NFS (NA whether 1187 or 1198)


        
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GROUP CONNECTIONS
       

        1201   Special interests/Privileged people/Influential--Pro
        1202      "        "          "        "              --Anti

        1203   "People like me"--pro, NA whether 1205, 1206
        1204        "     "  "  --anti, "     "     "    "

        1205   Common man/People/Little people/Working people--Pro
        1206     "         "          "           "          --Anti

        1207   Labor/Unions/Labor bosses/Racketeers--Pro
        1208     "      "     "              "     --Anti

        1209   Big Business/Corporate rich/The rich individuals/People with 
               power/Wall Street/Industry/Upper classes--Pro
        1210   (Same as 1209)                          --Anti

        1211   Small businessman--Pro
        1212     "       "      --Anti

        1213   White collar workers/Salaried people/Middle class--Pro
        1214      "           "         "              "        --Anti

        1215   Farmers/Country people--Pro
        1216     "          "        --Anti

        1217   Blacks/Black people/Negroes--Pro
        1218     "         "           "  --Anti

        1219   People on welfare/ADC mothers/"Chiselers"--Pro
        1220     "          "        "           "      --Anti

        1221   Old people/Senior citizens--Pro
        1222    "     "          "       --Anti

        1223   Young people/Kids/"Freaks"/Hippies--Pro
        1224     "     "     "     "        "    --Anti

        1225   Women/Feminists/Women's Liberationists, "sexists"--Pro
        1226    "        "          "       "          "       --Anti

        1227   Veterans/Servicemen--Pro
        1228      "       "       --Anti

        1229   Ethnic or racial group (exc. 1217-1218); Minority groups - NA 
               composition--Pro
        1230    "          "        "  --Anti

        1231   Section of the country--Pro
        1232      "            "     --Anti

       ?
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GROUP CONNECTIONS CONT'D.
       

        1233   Poor people/needy people/the unemployed -- Pro
        1234    "    "      "      "                   -- Anti

        1235   Civil servants--Pro
        1236     "     "     --Anti

 
Make    1297   Other group connection reasons
Card




        1300   Located after 1162
        1301   Located after 1137
        1302   Located after 1137
        1303   Located after 1137

      

        
       EVENTS UNIQUE TO ONE CAMPAIGN        
       

        5001   [1992] Perot quit the race/is a quitter - NFS
        5002   [1992] Because Perot quit the race he is not 
               trustworthy/dependable/steadfast (enough); he let down his 
               supporters
        5003   [1992] Because Perot quit the race and then re-entered it he 
               is indecisive/inconsistent/not stable (enough); mentions of 
               re-entering the race after have left it - NFS
        5004   [1992] Perot is not a serious candidate



        
       MISSING DATA CODES
       

        9001   R has been influenced by spouse
        9002   R has been influenced by someone else

        9996   Refused to say
 
Make    9997   Other miscellaneous
Card
        9998   DK
        9999   NA

        0000   Inap, no further mentions


>> VII.B. CAMPAIGN ISSUES MASTER CODE


         001. "Domestic issues"

         006.  Child care; DAY CARE; child support

         045.  ABORTION; any reference

         010.  UNEMPLOYMENT, jobs, retraining -- general or national

         011.  Unemployment, lack of jobs in specific 
               area/region/state/industry

         012.  More help for the unemployed

         020.  EDUCATION -- any mention, including quality of schools, cost 
               of college, students not learning anything

         030.  AGED/ELDERLY -- any mention, including Social Security, 
               Medicare, eldercare.

         040.  HEALTH PROBLEMS -- quality of medical care, cost of medical 
               care, availability of medical care, catastrophic health 
               insurance (except AIDS, code 048)

         048.  AIDS

         050.  HOUSING -- providing housing for the poor, the homeless, young
               people can't buy homes, any mention.

         055.  INFRASTRUCTURE -- Build/maintain roads, bridges, railroads,
               mass transit systems; transportation - NFS

    ?
      "Poverty" has the general thrust of helping the underprivileged; the
"welfare" code 090 may have connotation of undeserving people on welfare.   
Thus, do more for poor people on welfare is a 60 rather than 90.  WELFARE --
NFS, is a 090.    
    

         060.  POVERTY; aid to poor, underprivileged people; help for the 
               (truly) needy; general reference to anti-poverty programs; 
               hunger/help for hungry people

         090.  SOCIAL WELFARE; "Welfare"; the welfare mess, too many 
               undeserving on welfare 
 
Make     099.  OTHER SPECIFIC MENTIONS OF DOMESTIC ISSUES
Card



         100.  Problems of the FARMERS; farm bankruptcies, poor prices for 
               crops, effects of the drought

         150.  Protecting the ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION, the ozone layer, the 
               greenhouse effect.

         151.  Controlling/REGULATING GROWTH or land development; banning 
               further growth/development in crowded or ecologically 
               sensitive areas; preserving natural areas

         154.  TOXIC WASTE, RADIOACTIVE WASTE

         160.  Need to develop ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES
?
Make     199.  Other specific mentions of AGRICULTURE or problems
Card           ENVIRONMENT


         300.  CIVIL RIGHTS/RACIAL PROBLEMS; affirmative action programs; 
               relations between blacks and whites

         310.  WOMEN'S ISSUES -- ERA, equal pay for equal work, maternity 
               leave (except day care, code 006)

         320.  DRUGS -- extent of drug use in U.S; "WAR ON DRUGS"; drugs-
               NFS; ALCOHOLISM, any mention

         321.  DRUGS -- stopping drugs from coming into this country

         340.  CRIME/VIOLENCE; streets aren't safe; respect for police; 
               releasing criminals early; not enough jails; death penalty

         367.  GUN CONTROL - all mentions

         370.  EXTREMIST GROUPS/TERRORISTS

         380.  General mention of MORALITY/TRADITIONAL VALUES; sex, bad 
               language, pornography, teenage pregnancy

         381.  Specific mention of FAMILY VALUES - latchkey children, 
               divorce; unwed mothers, working mothers

         382.  Homosexual/gay rights; gays in the military [code 048 for 
               mentions of AIDS)

         384.  RELIGION (too mixed up in) and politics; prayer in schools
 
Make     399.  OTHER MENTION of race, public order, morality
Card


         400.  INFLATION, high prices, cost of living

         405.  WAGES TOO LOW; minimum wage

         408.  Recession/Depression in specific industries, states or regions 
               - slump in OIL/STEEL/AUTO INDUSTRY, etc. (except farm, code 
               101); hard times in this REGION or area

         410.  RECESSION; DEPRESSION, hard times -- no specific locale or 
               industry

         415.  THE DEFICIT; BALANCING THE BUDGET; cutting government spending

         416.  TAXES -- any reference; tax reform

         425.  TOO MANY IMPORTS -- protectionism, competition, outsourcing, 
               problems of auto industry relating to foreign competition;
               U.S. makes (too) few exports; (high) tariffs imposed by other 
               nations; free trade; GATT

         427.  VALUE OF THE DOLLAR -- strengthening or weakening

         428.  STOCK MARKETS; investments; interest rates

440. CLASS ORIENTED ECONOMIC CONCERNS -- middle class getting squeezed; big
business too powerful

         453.  Solvency/stability/regulation/control of the nation's 
               FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.  [1990] Savings and Loan scandals

         460.  IMMIGRATION

         491.  ECONOMICS, THE ECONOMY

         493.  BALANCE OF TRADE; balance of payments; foreign oil dependency 
               (except supply of oil, see 524)


?
Make     499.  OTHER MENTION of economic, business or labor problems
Card           



         500.  FOREIGN POLICY; FOREIGN AFFAIRS

         514.  LATIN AMERICA, Central America, AID TO CONTRAS (reference to 
               IRAN-CONTRA coded 816)

         516.  AFRICA -- starving people, overpopulation

         517.  SOUTH AFRICA -- Apartheid

         524.  MIDDLE EAST -- Iran hostages, Persian Gulf, supply of mid-east 
               oil (except oil dependency, see 493)


         530.  RUSSIA -- relations with, arms talks, detente; summit, etc.

         540.  FIRMNESS in foreign policy

         550.  U.S. military involvement abroad

         560.  FOREIGN AID; amount of money given to foreign countries;
               obligation to take care of our problems at home first

         570.  AVOID WAR, establish PEACE -- any reference

         700.  DEFENSE (SPENDING); the military; quality/cost of weapons

         710.  NUCLEAR ARMS RACE -- disarmament, SALT, INF, threat of nuclear 
               war; arms control

         712.  STAR WARS

         714.  SPACE PROGRAM



         810.  Honesty, sincerity of government officials; corruption

         811.  Honesty, sincerity of candidates in general; e.g., "just 
               making promises," "saying whatever it takes to get elected"

         812.  Candidates are just talking (negatively) about each other, MUD 
               SLINGING

         813.  How well incumbent represents/candidate would REPRESENT THIS 
               DISTRICT

         814.  Congressperson's personal life/morality

         815.  Candidate's ABILITY/EXPERIENCE

         816.  Candidate's (voting) RECORD

         817.  PRESIDENT BUSH

         818.  BUSH and the IRAN-CONTRA affair

         819.  IRAN-CONTRA affair, mess, scandal, IRAN ARMS DEAL, without 
               reference to Bush

         850.  Which party will control the House of Representatives; other   
               partisan mentions

         851.  Need for change/new blood/fresh ideas in Congress; term limits 
               for members of Congress

         876.  PHILOSOPHICAL DIFFERENCES between the candidates - liberal vs. 
               conservative views; balance of authority between state and 
               federal government; etc. 
       
         900.  A local issue or concern --  the college, the dam, the auto-
               insurance initiative, the leak in our nuclear plant

         995.  "There were no issues" (except 996); just party politics

         996.  "There was no campaign in my district"
?
Make     997.  OTHER SPECIFIC MENTIONS OF CAMPAIGN ISSUES
Card
         998.  DK

         999.  NA

>> VII.C. CONGRESSIONAL LEADERSHIP CODE (1990 only)


                    1990 SENATE ELECTION STUDY
                  CONGRESSIONAL LEADERSHIP CODE


         10.   House/Senate officer -- not further specified
         11.   House/Senate officer -- title specified

         20.   Chairman of committee/subcommittee -- not further specified
         21.   Chairman of committee/subcommittee -- committee specified

         30.   Member of committee/subcommittee -- not further specified
         31.   Member of committee/subcommittee -- committee specified

         40.   Member of unofficial House/Senate group or caucus -- not 
               further specified
         41.   Member of unofficial House/Senate group or caucus - 
               group/caucus specified

         50.  References to Representative's/Senator's seniority

         90.  Mentions of Representative's/Senator's position on issue(s)

         97.  Other

         98.  DK
         99.  NA; No, None

         00.  Inap



>> VII.D. ELECTIVE OFFICE CODE (1990 only)

                               

                    1990 SENATE ELECTION STUDY
                       ELECTIVE OFFICE CODE

          LOCAL
         10.  Local Office - not further specified
         11.  Local Office - Other
         12.  City Office - not further specified
         13.  City Office - Other
         14.  County Office - not further specified
         15.  County Office - Other
         16.  Mayor
         17.  City Council
         18.  County Commissioner
         19.  County Sheriff
         20.  County Clerk

          STATE
         30.  State Office - not further specified
         31.  State Office - Other
         32.  State Legislature - not further specified
         33.  State Representative
         34.  State Senator
         35.  Secretary of State
         36.  Lt. Governor
         37.  Governor

          FEDERAL
         50.  Federal Office - not further specified
         51.  Federal Office - Other
         52.  U.S. Legislature - not further specified
         53.  U.S. House of Representatives
         54.  U.S. Senate

          LEGAL
         70.  Judge - not further specified
         71.  Judge - Federal
         72.  County Attorney
         73.  District Attorney
         74.  Public Defender
         75.  State Attorney General

          OTHER LEGISLATIVE
         80.  Legislature - House/Senate and Federal/State unspecified
         81.  Representative - Federal/State unspecified
         82.  Senator - Federal/State unspecified

         97.  Other
         98.  DK
         99.  NA

         00.  Inap
                                           

>> VII.E. RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE MASTER CODE
                      

GENERAL PROTESTANT
        010.  Protestant, no denomination given
        020.  Non-denominational Protestant
        030.  Community church
        040.  Inter-denominational Protestant
        099.  Christian (NFS); "just Christian"

ADVENTIST
100. 7th Day Adventist
102.  Fundamentalist Adventist (Worldwide Church of God)
        109.  Adventist (NFS)

ANGLICAN
        110.  Episcopalian; Anglican

BAPTIST
        120.  American Baptist Association
        121.  American Baptist Churches U.S.A. (inaccurately known as
"Northern
              Baptist")
        122.  Baptist Bible Fellowship
        123.  Baptist General Conference
        124.  Baptist Missionary Association of America
        125.  Conservative Baptist Association of America
        126.  General Association of Regular Baptist Churches (G.A.R.B.)
        127.  National Association of Free Will Baptists
        128.  Primitive Baptists
        129.  National Baptist Convention in the U.S.A.*
        130.  National Baptist Convention of America*
        131.  National Primitive Baptist Convention of the U.S.A.*
        132.  Progressive National Baptist Convention*
133. United Free-Will Baptist Church
134. Reformed Baptist (Calvinist)
135. Southern Baptist Convention
        147.  Fundamental Baptist (no denom. ties)
148. Local (independent) Baptist churches with no denominational ties or links
to a national fellowship
        149.  Baptist (NFS)

CONGREGATIONAL
150.  United Church of Christ (Congregational, Evangelical and Reformed)
151.  Congregational Christian

EUROPEAN FREE CHURCH (ANABAPTISTS)
        160.  Church of the Brethren
        161.  Brethren (NFS)
        162.  Mennonite Church
        163.  Moravian Church
        164.  Old Order Amish
        165.  Quakers (Friends)
        166.  Evangelical Covenant Church (not Anabaptist in tradition)
        167.  Evangelical Free Church (not Anabaptist in tradition)
        170.  Mennonite Brethren
        186.  Brethren in Christ

HOLINESS
        180.  Christian and Missionary Alliance (CMA)
        181.  Church of God (Anderson, IN)
        182.  Church of the Nazarene
        183.  Free Methodist Church
        184.  Salvation Army
        185.  Wesleyan Church
        199.  Holiness (NFS); Church of God (NFS), R not or NA whether R
              Pentecostal or Charismatic

INDEPENDENT-FUNDAMENTALIST
        200.  Plymouth Brethren
        201.  Independent Fundamentalist Churches of America
        219.  Independent-Fundamentalist (NFS)

LUTHERAN
        220.  Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (formerly Lutheran Church
              in America and The American Lutheran Church); ELCA
        221.  Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod; LC-MS
        222.  Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod; WELS
        223.  Other Conservative Lutheran
        229.  Lutheran (NFS)

METHODIST
        230.  United Methodist Church; Evangelical United Brethren
        231.  African Methodist Episcopal Church*
        232.  African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church*
        233.  Christian Methodist Episcopal Church*
        249.  Methodist (NFS)

PENTECOSTAL
        250.  Assemblies of God
        251.  Church of God (Cleveland, TN)
        252.  Church of God (Huntsville, AL)
        253.  International Church of the Four Square Gospel
        254.  Pentecostal Church of God
        255.  Pentecostal Holiness Church 
        256.  United Pentecostal Church International
        257.  Church of God in Christ (incl. NA whether 258)*
        258.  Church of God in Christ (International)*
        260.  Church of God of the Apostolic Faith
        268.  Spanish Pentecostal
        269.  Pentecostal (NFS); Church of God (NFS), R not or NA whether R
              Pentecostal or Charismatic

PRESBYTERIAN
        270.  Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.
        271.  Cumberland Presbyterian Church
        272.  Presbyterian Church in American (PCA)
        275.  Evangelical Presbyterian
        279.  Presbyterian (NFS)

REFORMED
        280.  Christian Reformed Church (inaccurately known as "Dutch
Reformed")
        281.  Reformed Church in America
        282.  Free Hungarian Reformed Church
        289.  Reformed (NFS)

RESTORATIONIST
        290.  Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
        291.  Christian Churches and Churches of Christ
        292.  Churches of Christ; "Church of Christ" (NFS)
        293.  Christian Congregation

NON-TRADITIONAL PROTESTANTS
        300.  Christian Scientists
        301.  Mormons; Latter Day Saints
        302.  Spiritualists
        303.  Unitarian; Universalist
        304.  Jehovah's Witnesses
        305.  Unity; Unity Church; Christ Church Unity
        309.  Non-traditional Protestant (NFS)

ROMAN CATHOLIC
        400.  Roman Catholic

JEWISH
        500.  Jewish, no preference
        501.  Orthodox
        502.  Conservative
        503.  Reformed

EASTERN ORTHODOX (GREEK RITE CATHOLIC)
        700.  Greek Rite Catholic
        701.  Greek Orthodox
        702.  Russian Orthodox
        703.  Rumanian Orthodox
        704.  Serbian Orthodox
        705.  Syrian Orthodox
        706.  Armenian Orthodox
        707.  Georgian Orthodox
        708.  Ukranian Orthodox
        719.  Eastern Orthodox (NFS)

NON-CHRISTIAN/NON-JEWISH
        720.  Muslim; Mohammedan; Islam
        721.  Buddhist
        722.  Hindu
        723.  Bahai
        724.  American Indian Religions (Native American Religions)
        729.  Other non-Christian/non-Jewish
        790.  Religious/ethical cults

OTHER/NO RELIGION/MISSING DATA
        800.  Agnostics
        801.  Atheists

        995.  None, no preference
        997.  Other
        998.  DK
        999.  NA
        000.  Inap, 3-4 in FS3
* = Predominantly Black

>> VIII. Master Codes - Contextual Data Variables

>> VIII.A. Contextual Seat #1/#2 Senators (1988-90 merged) and 
           candidate/incumbent Unique Name Codes (1988-90-92 pooled)

1988-90 Merged Senate Election Study 
     Senator Name Codes

               Seat # 1 Senator                Seat # 2 Senator

Alabama          1. Howell Heflin                2. Richard Shelby


Alaska                5. Ted Stevens               6. Frank Murkowski


Arizona          9. Dennis DeConcini           10. John McCain


Arkansas          13. David Pryor               14. Dale Bumpers


California          16. Pete Wilson (88,90)          17. Alan Cranston
               19. John Seymour (92)


Colorado          23. William Armstrong(88,90)     24. Timothy Wirth
               28. Hank Brown (92)


Connecticut          29. Lowell Weicker (88)          30. Christopher Dodd
               31. Joseph Lieberman (90,92)


Delaware          33. William Roth               34. Joe Biden


Florida          37. Lawton Chiles (88)          38. Bob Graham     
               39. Connie Mack (90,92)


Georgia          42. Sam Nunn                     43. Wyche Fowler


Hawaii                45. Spark Matsunaga (88)          46. Daniel Inouye
               47. Daniel Akaka (90,92)


Idaho               51. James McClure               52. Steven Symms

Illinois          57. Paul Simon               58. Alan Dixon     

               Seat # 1 Senator                Seat # 2 Senator

Indiana          62. Richard Lugar               63. Daniel Quayle ('88)
                                        64. Dan Coats (90,92)


Iowa               68. Tom Harkin               69. Charles Grassley


Kansas                72. Nancy L. Kassebaum          73. Bob Dole


Kentucky          76. Mitch McConnell          77. Wendell Ford


Louisiana          80. J. Bennett Johnston          81. John Breaux


Maine                84. George Mitchell          85. William Cohen


Maryland          88. Paul Sarbanes               89. Barbara Mikulski


Massachusetts     91. Edward Kennedy                92. John Kerry


Michigan          95. Donald Riegle               96. Carl Levin


Minnesota          99. David Durenberger          100. Rudy Boschwitz (88,90)
                                        102. Paul Wellstone (92)


Mississippi          103. John Stennis (88)          104. Thad Cochran
               105. Trent Lott (90,92)


Missouri          107. John Danforth               108. Kit Bond


Montana          111. John Melcher (88)          112. Max Baucus     
               113. Conrad Burns (90,92)


Nebraska          115. David Karns (88)          116. Jim Exon
               117. Robert Kerrey (90,92)

               Seat # 1 Senator                Seat # 2 Senator

Nevada                119. Chick Hecht (88)          120. Harry Reid
               121. Richard Bryan (90,92)


New Hampshire     123. Gordon Humphrey (88,90)     124. Warren Rudman
               126. Robert Smith (92)


New Jersey          129. Frank Lautenberg          130. Bill Bradley


New Mexico          133. Jeff Bingaman               134. Pete Domenici


New York          137. Daniel P. Moynihan          138. Alphonse D'Amato


North Carolina     141. Jesse Helms               142. Terry Sanford


North Dakota           145. Quentin Burdick          146. Kent Conrad


Ohio               151. Howard Metzenbaum          152. John Glenn


Oklahoma          155. David Boren               156. Don Nickles


Oregon                159. Mark Hatfield               160. Bob Packwood


Pennsylania          163. John Heinz (88,90)          164. Arlen Specter
               167. Harris Wofford (92)


Rhode Island           168. John Chafee               169. Claiborne Pell


South Carolina     172. Strom Thurmond          173. Fritz Hollings


South Dakota           176. Larry Pressler               177. Tom Daschle

Tennessee          180. Jim Sasser               181. Al Gore


Texas               184. Lloyd Bentsen               185. Phil Gramm


Utah               188. Orrin Hatch               189. Jake Garn


Vermont          193. J. Stafford (88)           194. Patrick Leahy
               195. James Jeffords (90,92)


Virginia          198. Paul Tribble (88)          199. John Warner
               200. Charles Robb (90,92)


Washington          202. J. Evans (88)               203. Brock Adams
               204. Slade Gorton (90,92)


West Virginia     208. Robert Byrd               209. Jay Rockefeller     


Wisconsin          212. Will. Proxmire (88)          213. Bob Kasten
               214. Herbert Kohl (90,92)


Wyoming          217. Malcolm Wallop          218. Alan Simpson



                 SENATOR AND CANDIDATE UNIQUE NAME LIST


Alabama
1.  Howell Heflin
2.  Richard Shelby
3.  Bill Cabaniss
4.  Richard Sellers


Alaska
5.  Ted Stevens
6.  Frank Murkowski
7.  Michael Beasley
8.  Tony Smith


Arizona
9.   Dennis DeConcini
10.  John McCain
11.  Keith DeGreen
12.  Claire Sargent


Arkansas
13.  David Pryor
14.  Dale Bumpers
15.  Mike Huckabee


California
16.  Pete Wilson
17.  Alan Cranston
18.  Leo McCarthy
19.  John Seymour
20.  Dianne Feinstein
21.  Barbara Boxer
22.  Bruce Herschensohn


Colorado
23.  William Armstrong
24.  Timothy Wirth
25.  Josie Heath
26.  Ben Nighthorse Campbell
27.  Terry Considine
28.  Hank Brown


Connecticut
29.  Lowell Weicker
30.  Christopher Dodd
31.  Joseph Lieberman
32.  Brooks Johnson


Delaware
33.  William Roth
34.  Joe Biden
35.  S.B. Woo
36.  M. Jane Brady


Florida
37.  Lawton Chiles
38.  Bob Graham
39.  Connie Mack
40.  Buddy MacKay
41.  Bill Grant


Georgia
42.  Sam Nunn
43.  Wyche Fowler
44.  Paul Coverdell


Hawaii
45.  Spark Matsunaga
46.  Daniel Inouye
47.  Daniel Akaka
48.  Maria Hustace
49.  Patricia Saiki
50.  Richard Reed


Idaho
51.  James McClure
52.  Steven Symms
53.  Ron Twilegar
54.  Larry Craig
55.  Richard Stallings
56.  Dirk Kempthorne


Illinois
57.  Paul Simon
58.  Alan Dixon
59.  Lynn Martin
60.  Carol Moseley Braun
61.  Richard Williamson


Indiana
62.  Richard Lugar
63.  Daniel Quayle
64.  Dan Coats
65.  Jack Wickes
66.  Baron Hill
67.  Joseph Hogsett


Iowa
68.  Tom Harkin
69.  Charles Grassley
70.  Tom Tauke
71.  Jean Lloyd-Jones


Kansas
72.  Nancy Landon Kassebaum
73.  Bob Dole
74.  Dick Williams
75.  Gloria O'Dell


Kentucky
76.  Mitch McConnell
77.  Wendell Ford
78.  Harvey Sloane
79.  David Williams


Louisiana
80.  J. Bennett Johnston
81.  John Breaux
82.  David Duke
83.  Lyle Stockstill


Maine
84.  George Mitchell
85.  William Cohen
86.  Jasper "Jack" Wyman
87.  Neil Rolde


Maryland
88.  Paul Sarbanes
89.  Barbara Mikulski
90.  Alan Keyes


Massachusetts
91.  Edward Kennedy
92.  John Kerry
93.  Joseph Malone
94.  Jim Rappaport


Michigan
95.  Donald Riegle
96.  Carl Levin
97.  Jim Dunn
98.  Bill Schuette



Minnesota
99.  David Durenberger
100.  Rudy Boschwitz
101.  Hubert "Skip" Humphrey
102.  Paul Wellstone


Mississippi
103.  John Stennis
104.  Thad Cochran
105.  Trent Lott
106.  Wayne Dowdy


Missouri
107.  John Danforth
108.  Kit Bond
109.  Jeremiah "Jay" Nixon
110.  Geri Rothman-Serot


Montana
111.  John Melcher
112.  Max Baucus
113.  Conrad Burns
114.  Allen Kolstad


Nebraska
115.  David Karns
116.  Jim Exon
117.  Robert Kerrey
118.  Hal Daub


Nevada
119.  Chick Hecht
120.  Harry Reid
121.  Richard Bryan
122.  Demar Dahl


New Hampshire
123.  Gordon Humphrey
124.  Warren Rudman
125.  John Durkin
126.  Robert Smith
127.  John Rauh
128.  Judd Gregg


New Jersey
129.  Frank Lautenberg
130.  Bill Bradley
131.  Peter Dawkins
132.  Christine Todd Whitman


New Mexico
133.  Jeff Bingaman
134.  Pete Domenici
135.  Bill Valentine
136.  Tom Benavides


New York
137.  Daniel P. "Pat" Moynihan
138.  Alphonse D'Amato
139.  Robert McMillan
140.  Robert Abrams


North Carolina
141.  Jesse Helms
142.  Terry Sanford
143.  Harvey Gantt
144.  Duncan "Lauch" Faircloth


North Dakota
145.  Quentin Burdick
146.  Kent Conrad
147.  Earl Strinden
148.  Byron Dorgan
149.  Steven Sydness
150.  Jocelyn Burdick


Ohio
151.  Howard Metzenbaum
152.  John Glenn
153.  George Voinovich
154.  Michael Dewine


Oklahoma
155.  David Boren
156.  Don Nickles
157.  Stephen Jones
158.  Stephen Lewis


Oregon
159.  Mark Hatfield
160.  Bob Packwood
161.  Harry Lonsdale
162.  Les Aucoin


Pennsylvania
163.  John Heinz
164.  Arlen Specter
165.  Joseph Vignola
166.  Lynn Hardy Yeakel
167.  Harris Wofford


Rhode Island
168.  John Chafee
169.  Claiborne Pell
170.  Richard Licht
171.  Claudine Schneider


South Carolina
172.  Strom Thurmond
173.  Fritz Hollings
174.  Bob Cunningham
175.  Thomas Hartnett


South Dakota
176.  Larry Pressler
177.  Tom Daschle
178.  Ted Muenster
179.  Charlene Haar


Tennessee
180.  Jim Sasser
181.  Al Gore
182.  Bill Anderson
183.  William Hawkins


Texas
184.  Lloyd Bentsen
185.  Phil Gramm
186.  Beau Bolter
187.  Hugh Parmer


Utah
188.  Orrin Hatch
189.  Jake Garn
190.  Brian Moss
191.  Wayne Owens
192.  Robert Bennett


Vermont
193.  J. Stafford
194.  Patrick Leahy
195.  James Jeffords
196.  Bill Gray
197.  James Douglas


Virginia
198.  Paul Tribble
199.  John Warner
200.  Charles Robb
201.  Maurice Dawkins


Washington
202.  J. Evans
203.  Brock Adams
204.  Slade Gorton
205.  Mike Lowry
206.  Patty Murray
207.  Rod Chandler


West Virginia
208.  Robert Byrd
209.  John "Jay" Rockefeller
210.  Jay Wolfe
211.  John Yoder


Wisconsin
212.  William Proxmire
213.  Bob Kasten
214.  Herbert Kohl
215.  Susan Engeleiter
216.  Russell Feingold


Wyoming
217.  Malcolm Wallop
218.  Alan Simpson
219.  John Vinich
220.  Kathy Hellig



>> VIII.B. DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN MANAGERS (1988, 1992)

Democratic Campaign Managers - 1988

1.   Joe Andrew
2.   Larry Benoit
3.   Bill Bible
4.   R. Charles Bocken
5.   Michelle Carrier
6.   James Carville
7.   Bernard Craighead
8.   Gene Davis
9.   Michael Davis
10.  Greg Farmer
11.  Kevin Gottlieb
12.  Doug Hall
13.  Peter Harris
14.  Paul Johnson
15.  Larry Kamer
16.  Rose Kapolcynski
17.  Kara & Ted Kennedy
18.  Ross Keys
19.  Jack Markell
20.  Jack Martin
21.  Bob Maynes
22.  Blaine Michael
23.  Kelly Moran
24.  Liz Moynihan
25.  Martin O'Rourke
26.  Dean Pittman
27.  Ron Richards
28.  Gary Robinson
29.  Joe Tessmer
30.  Netti Vogel
31.  Patrick Von Bargen
32.  Sherry Weady

98.  Inap: no senate race in the state
99.  NA


Dem. Campaign Managers, 1992


16.  Rose Kapolcynski (CA1)

33.  Tess Banion (KS)
34.  John Burke (NY)
35.  Kevin Burtzleaff (OH)
36.  Mary Beth Cahill (OR)
37.  Christopher Close (IN)
38.  Trisha Coates (VT)
39.  Lamar Cotten (AK)
40.  Nate Coulter (AR)
41.  Bob De Cheine (WI)
42.  Eva Gladstein (PA)
43.  Jay Haks (FL)
44.  Palmer Hamilton (AL)
45.  Ellen Huntoon-King (IA)
46.  Bill Johnstone (GA)
47.  Dave Jones (UT)
48.  Kam Kawuta (CA2)
49.  Jay Marlin (OK)
50.  Kgosie Matthews (IL)
51.  Maggie McIntosh (MD)
52.  Tom Mullikin (SC)
53.  Terri New (MO)
54.  Mark O'Hara (AZ)
55.  David Parker (NC)
56.  Teresa Pursell (WA)
57.  Mary Rauh (NH)
58.  Norma Jane Sabiston (LA)
59.  Billy Sublett (ID)
60.  Donna Tanoue (HI)
61.  Michael Troop (KY)
62.  Bob Valeu (ND)
63.  Richard Weiland (SD)
64.  Larry Werner (NV)
65.  Sherie Wolf (CO)

>> VIII.C. DEMOCRATIC CONSULTANTS/POLLSTERS (1988-90-92)

Democratic Consulants/Pollsters, 1988/90/92

1.   Analysis Group, Inc.*
2.   Bannon Research, Inc.
3.   Behavior Research Center, Inc.
4.   Campaign Group, Inc.
5.   Concept Associates, Inc.
6.   Cooper & Secrest Associates, Inc.
7.   Doak, Shrum & Associates, Inc.
8.   Garin-Hart Strategic Research, Inc.
9.   Greer, Margolis, Mitchell, [Grunwald,] and Associates
10.  Hamilton, Frederick & Schneiders
11.  Harrison & Goldberg, Inc.
13.  Hickman-(Maslin)-[Brown] Research, Inc.
14.  Michael Kaye & Associates, Inc.
15.  Marttila & Kiley
16.  Mellman & Lazarus, Inc.
17.  Myers Advertising, Inc.
18.  Penn & Schoen Associates, Inc.
19.  Rothstein and Co., Inc.
21.  Sawyer/Miller Group
22.  Spruill & Hicks, Inc.
23.  Squier-Eskew-[Knapp-Ochs] Communications, Inc.
24.  Raymond D. Strother, Ltd.
25.  Joe Slade White Communications, Inc.

26.  Axelrod Associates
27.  John Franzen Multimedia
28.  Mandate
29.  Daniel B. Payne & Co.
30.  Struble Totten Communications

31.  American Viewpoint
32.  Coyle, McConnell & O'Brien
33.  Donilon & Petts
34.  Greenberg-Lake
35.  Richard Jensen
36.  Kitchens & Associates
37.  Joe Peritz & Associates.

38.  Austin-Sheinkopf Ltd.
39.  Bruce Bell & Associates
40.  Bennet, Petts
41.  Thomas Cook & Associates
42.  Dittman Research Group
43.  Eichenbaum/Hemke & Associates
44.  Evans/McDonough Co. Inc.
45.  Hinkle Advertising Inc.
46.  Fairbank, Maullin & Associates
47.  Greenberg-Lake/The Analysis Group, Inc.  (formerly 1 and 34)
48.  Kaplan Advertising & Production Inc.
49.  Paul Kinney Productions
50.  ranzler Kingsley (w. Struble Totten)
51.  Michael Kaye & Associates Inc.
52.  Kielhorn & Associates
53.  Kirincich & Feld
54.  McKinnon Media
55.  Morris & Carrick
56.  Marie Reiko Public Relations
57.  Research/Strategy/Management Inc.
58.  Shea & Associates
59.  Shorr & Associates Inc.
60.  Southeast Research (w. Penn & Schoen)
61.  Strother-Duffy-Strother Ltd.
62.  Trippi, McMahon & Squier


>> VIII.D. REPUBLICAN CAMPAIGN MANAGERS (1988, 1992)
               Republican Campaign Managers - 1988

1.   Melinda Allen
2.   Mitch Bainwol
3.   Jo Anne Barnhart
4.   Otto Bos
5.   Tim Carpenter
6.   James Conrad
7.   Elwood English
8.   Terry Evans
9.   Tom Frazier
10.  Doug Fuller
11.  Doug Goodyear
12.  Greg Grazes
13.  John Hall
14.  Joe Hanson
15.  Pat Killian
16.  Byra Kite
17.  Bill Kristol
18.  Keith Lang
19.  Michael Mahoney
20.  Jay Malcynski
21.  Chip Mann
22.  Chris McCarthy
23.  Mike McGavick
24.  Tom Moore
25.  Marty Morris
26.  Leon Oistad
27.  Kevin Pifer
28.  Okey Richards
29.  Bud Scruggs
30.  Lou Silverstein
31.  Diana Welch
32.  George White

98.  Inap: no senate race in the state
99.  NA

Republican Campaign Managers - 1992

33.  Lon Anderson (SD)
34.  David Ayres (MO)
35.  Judy Butler (WA)
36.  Terry Campbell (NV)
37.  Curtis Coleman (AR)
38.  Richard Frias (HI)
39.  Elaine Franklin (OR)
40.  Mike Glassner (KS)
41.  Wes Gullett (AZ)
42.  Bob Haus (IA)
43.  Ken Kachigian (CA1)
44.  Mark Maddox (ND)
45.  Joe Maiola (NH)
46.  Kiernan Mahoney (NY)
47.  Richarde McBride (CA2)
48.  Bill McConkey (AK)
49.  Brose McVey (IN)
50.  Patrick Meehan (PA)
51.  Tim Meyer (IL)
52.  Todd Parks (VT)
53.  Tom Perdue (GA)
54.  Richard Pinsky (FL)
55.  John Preyer (NC)
56.  Phil Reberger (ID)
57.  Richard Sellers (AL)
58.  Curt Steiner (OH)
59.  Michael Tullis (UT)
60.  Dick Waldhams (CO)
61.  Steve Watson (CT)
62.  Paul Welday (WI)
63.  Susan Wickleim (MD)
64.  Joe Wilson (SC)

>> VIII.E. REPUBLICAN CONSULTANTS/POLLSTERS (1992 only)
Republican Consultants/Pollsters, 1992

5.   Dresner, Sykes, Jordan & Townshend, Inc.
7.   Arthur J. Finkelstein & Associates, Inc.
8.   Garth Group, Inc.
9.   Robert Goodman Agency, Inc.
16.  Moore Information, Inc.
18.  Chris Mottola, Inc.
22.  River Bank, Inc.
26.  Sandler-Innocenzi, Inc.
27.  Sipple:  Strategic Communications, Inc.
28.  Lance Tarrance Group
32.  Research/Strategy/Management (RSM) Inc.
40.  The Media Team
41.  National Media, Inc.
44.  Stuart Stevens
45.  American Viewpoint
47.  Dittman Research
49.  Market Strategies, Inc.
50.  IN-HOUSE

52.  Ayres & Associates
53.  Beam Group
54.  Camrac Corp.
55.  Colorado Media Group, w. Klein & Associates
56.  Combs & Heathcott, Inc.
57.  Fabrizio, McLaughlin & Associates
58.  Fabrizio, McLaughlin & Associates, w. Dittman Research Corp.
59.  Fabrizio, McLaughlin & Associates, w. PEM Management, Inc.
61.  Richard Frias
62.  Hill Research Consultants
63.  Image Associates, w. Target Enterprises Ltd.
64.  Market Strategies, Inc.
65.  Multi Media Services, Inc., w. Richard Quinn & Associates
66.  Russo Marsh & Associates, Inc.
67.  Media Team, w. Target Enterprises Ltd.
68.  Mike Murphy Media
69.  O'Neil Griffin & Associates
70.  PEM Management, Inc.
71.  Profit Marketing & Communications, w. Stuart Stevens Group.
72.  Public Opinion Strategies
73.  Research/Strategy/Management (RSM), Inc., w. Jan Bryant Communications
74.  Sandler-Innocenzi
75.  Smith & Harroff, Inc.
76.  Southeast Research
77.  Steinberg & Associates, Inc.
78.  Twede Evans Political
79.  Voter/Consumer Research, Inc.
80.  Wilson Communications Services, Inc.




>> VIII.F. CAMPAIGN CONTENT CODES (1988 ONLY)

Campaign Content Codes - 1988

Positive Themes:

     00   National stature
     01   Record--candidate's
     02   Family
     03   Local roots
     04   Military service
     05   Candidate's party
     06   Dukakis/Bush
     07   Social security
     08   Social programs
     09   Economic development/jobs
     10   Foreign trade/plant closing
     11   Budget
     12   No tax increase
     13   Pro-defense
     14   Defense cuts
     15   Environment
     16   Drugs
     17   Family values
     18   Abortion
     19   Crime/death penalty
     20   Pornography
     21   Populism
     22   Tangible benefits for district (pork)
     99   None

Negative Themes:

     00   Lack of national stature
     01   Record--opponent's
     02   Absenteeism
     03   Age/health
     04   Lost touch with district
     05   Quayle/Dukakis
     06   Ethics/character
     07   Campaign finance
     08   Special interests
     09   Offends groups
     10   Failure to debate
     11   Negative campaigning
     12   Conservatism/liberalism
     13   Social security
     14   Social programs
     15   Foreign trade/plant closing
     16   Taxes
     17   Spending
     18   Defense (weak on)
     19   Arms control
     20   Environment
     21   Drugs
     22   Abortion
     23   Crime/death penalty
     24   Pornography
     25   Pork--failure to deliver
     26   Carpetbagger
     99   None             

>> VIII.G. SOURCES OF SENATE CONTEXTUAL DATA (1988, 1990, 1992)
Sources of Senate Contextual Data - 1988 (see section headings in codebook)


                    1988 Election Information


General election results come from official results available at the Federal
Election Commission, Washington, D.C.  Democratic percentage of the two-party
vote was calculated by hand.  All primary election information (dates and
returns) are from an unpublished briefing book on 1988 Senate elections
prepared by CBS.



                     Background of Senator #1


Personal information about the incumbent's background was found in
(1)Ehrenhalt, Alan ed. 1987.  Politics in America;  The 100th Congress.
Washington:  Congressional Quarterly Inc. and (2) Barone, Michael and Grant
Ujifusa.  1987.  The Almanac of American Politics 1988.  Washington: National
Journal Inc.  In addition, where incumbents were also candidates for
reelection, supplemental sources included the CBS briefing book (above),
Congressional Quarterly's Special Report on the 1988 elections (10/15/88),
and, when available, responses to CQ's candidate questionnaire generously made
available by Phil Duncan, Political Editor of Congressional Quarterly Weekly
Report.

Previous incumbent election results were found in Scammon, Richard M. and
Alice V. McGillivray eds.  1987.  America Votes 17.  Washington: Congressional
Quarterly Inc.

Mass mailings include government paid mailings which are not responses to
inquiries, press releases, or mail to officials.  The number of mass mail
pieces from the third quarter of 1985 is published semi-annually in the Report
of the Secretary of the Senate, Washington:  Government Printing Office. 
Comparable figures are not available for members of the House.

Seniority rankings, attendance percentages, group (ADA, ACU, AFL-CIO, CCUS)
ratings, presidential support, party unity, and conservative coalition scores
are published in Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Vols. XXXIX to XLIV), and in
Politics in America (above).  In cases where a Senator was a member of the
House (1983-88) before the Senate, his/her House scores were coded.  Not
applicable (NA, i.e. where an incumbent was neither a Senator nor a
Representative during some part of 1983-88, or for other reasons missed votes)
is coded as 999.

National Journal scores are published yearly in the weekly periodical and in
the Almanac of American Politics.  See paragraph above for former House
members, and NAs.

                     Background of Senator #2

See Background of Senator #1 section above.


                       Election Predictions

Election predictions were published in (1) CQ's Special Report (10/15/88), The
GRC Cook Political Report, Washington; The Government Research Corporation
(5/31/88 & 10/28/88), and (3) Roll Call (10/30/88).

Campaign manager, media consultant and pollster data were found in the
National Journal (10/22/88), and Campaign Industry News (August, 1988).  Staff
at the National Republican Senate Committee added some additional information
over the phone.



                        Campaign Spending

Campaign spending figures are preliminary tabulations made public by the
Federal Election Commission in its press release of February 24, 1989.  PAC
receipts are not available separate from other committees until the final
figures become available next year.  Robert Biersak of the FEC was kind enough
to calculate preliminary independent expenditure figures for this dataset.



                       State Political Data

State partisanship and ideology figures were calculated from 1976-1985 CBS/New
York Times polls by Professor Gerald Wright of Indiana University.

State party organizational strength scores are from Table 2.4 (pp. 28-9) of
Cotter, Cornelius P., James L. Gibson, John F. Bibby, and Robert Huckshorn. 
1984.  Party Organizations in American Politics.  New York: Praeger.

Democratic Party Liberalism and Republican Party Conservatism scores have been
provided by Larry M. Bartels.  These measures are updated versions of the
scores originally appearing in Tables 8.2 and 9.2 of his 1988 book,
Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice.  Princeton, New
Jersey:  Princeton University Press.

1988 election returns are from the FEC (see 1988 election information above). 
Two-party percentages were calculated by hand.  Previous election returns are
found in Scammon (1987).

State legislative results are published in CQ Weekly Report (11/19/88). 



         State Demographic, Geographic, and Economic Data


FEC voting age population figures come from the FEC's February 5, 1988 press
release.

1987 population (v5377), percent population increase (v5378), percent
metropolitan residents (v5382), net migration (v5388), and percent over age 64
(v5407) are found in U.S. Department of Commerce.  1987.  Statistical Abstract
of the United States 1988.  Washington: Government Printing Office.  Net
migration "comprises net immigration from abroad, net interregional,
interdivisional, or interstate migration, and the movement of persons in the
armed forces" (pg. 21).

Percent black (v5379), Asian (v5380), Spanish origin (v5381), 1-3 years
college (v5402), 4 or more years of college (v5403), below poverty line
(v5404), housing units rented (v5405) are from The Almanac of American
Politics 1988.

Percent born in state (v5383), white-collar workers (v5384), blue-collar
workers (v5385), square miles in state (v5386), percent of area farmed
(v5387), tax burden per capita (v5400), and median family income (v5406) are
from Politics in America; The 100th Congress.

Percent of residents at current address for two years or less was calculated
from the Voter Supplement File of the 1980 Current Population Survey by
Michael Hagen of the State Data Program at the University of California,
Berkeley.  The Current Population Survey was made available by the
Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research.

State unemployment rates for December 1987 to September 1988 were supplied in
a computer printout by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States
Department of Labor.  December 1988 figures are in the Bureau's February 14,
1989 press release.

Total personal income comes from table 5 of the Department of Commerce's April
20, 1989 press release, "Regional Differences In Per Capita Personal Income
Continued To Widen In 1988."  Figures reflect total personal income, including
farm income.  The Department does not calculate per capita income quarterly.

Violent crime figures are from the FBI's 1988 report on Crime in the United
States.



                Democratic Candidate's Background
               (See Background of Senator #1 above)


                Republican Candidate's Background
               (See Background of Senator #1 above)


                         Campaign Content

Campaign content codes were devised by Richard F. Fenno, Jr., Gary C.
Jacobson, Jonathan Krasno, Thomas E. Mann, and Raymond E. Wolfinger.  Coding
was done by Jonathan Krasno, with the assistance of James Glaser of the State
Data Program at the University of California, Berkeley.

Themes were culled from accounts of Senate elections in CQ's Special Report on
the 1988 elections (above), Roll Call (10/30/88), CBS's briefing book (above),
The GRC Cook Political Report (10/28/88), the Presidential Campaign Hotline
(daily) from 10/1/88 to 11/8/88, and all issues of the Political Report
(weekly) from 9/1/88 to 11/8/88.  For example CQ wrote the following about the
campaign waged in New Jersey by Pete Dawkins (R) against incumbent Frank
Lautenberg (D):

          Many of Dawkins' criticisms are standard GOP fare:  He
     says Lautenberg has voted for 17 tax increases and describes 
     him as an extreme liberal opposed to a strong national defense.  
     But Dawkins, 50, also goes after Lautenberg in some of his areas 
     of supposed strength. Despite Lautenberg's list of endorsements 
     from environmental groups, Dawkins says he should have done more
     to prevent beach pollution, which is hurting the state's tourism 
     industry.  Trying to fashion the choice as a matter of stature, 
     Dawkins implies that his past...is an omen of future political 
     greatness.  He calls Lautenberg a back-bencher, referring to him 
     as "New Jersey's junior senator."        
        But Dawkins may have a hard time convincing voters that
     Lautenberg is devoid of stature...(pg. 2923)

From this passage five different negative themes--taxes (16),
conservatism/liberalism (12), weakness on defense (18), environment (20), and
lack of national stature (0)--and one positive theme--national stature
(0)--were attributed to Dawkins' campaign. Other sources provided additional
information.


Campaign themes are NOT listed in order of importance or chronological order. 
Where seven or fewer campaign themes in a single category were found all were
coded.  In cases where more than seven themes were evident, coding was done on
the basis of mentions in the most sources.
             Sources of Senate Contextual Data - 1990
                (See section headings in codebook)

                    1990 Election Information

General election and primary election results come from various issues of
Congresssional Quarterly Weekly Report.


                     Background of Senator #1

Wherever possible, data were taken from the 1988 Senate Election Study
Contextual Dataset for those Senators who were covered in the 1988 study. Much
of this documentation, then, is from the 1988 Contextual dataset.

Personal information about the incumbent's background was found in (1)
Ehrenhalt, Alan ed. 1987.  Politics in America;  The 100th Congress. 
Washington:  Congressional Quarterly Inc. and (2) Barone, Michael and
Grant Ujifusa.  1987.  The Almanac of American Politics 1988.  Washington:
National Journal Inc. and (3) Barone, Michael and Grant Ujifusa.  1989. The
Almanac of American Politics 1990.  Washington:  National Journal Inc.
In addition, where incumbents were also candidates for reelection,
supplemental sources included the CBS briefing book (above), Congressional
Quarterly's Special Report on the 1988 elections (10/15/88), Congressional
Quarterly's Special Report on the 1990 elections (10/13/90), when available,
responses to CQ's candidate questionnaire generously made available by Phil
Duncan, Political Editor of Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report [1988], and
in a few cases from biographical data provided directly from campaign offices.

Previous incumbent election results were found in (1) Scammon, Richard M. and
Alice V. McGillivray eds.  1987.  America Votes 17.  Washington: Congressional
Quarterly Inc. and (2) Politics in America (above).

Mass mailings include government paid mailings which are not responses to
inquiries, press releases, or mail to officials.  The number of mass mail
pieces from the third quarter of 1985 is published semi-annually in the Report
of the Secretary of the Senate, Washington:  Government Printing Office. 
Comparable figures are not available for members of the House.  

Seniority rankings, attendance percentages, group (ADA, ACU, AFL-CIO, CCUS)
ratings, presidential support, party unity, and conservative coalition scores
are published in Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Vols. XXXIX to XLV), and in
Politics in America (above).  In cases where a Senator was a member of the
House (1983-90) before the Senate, his/her House scores were coded.  Not
applicable (NA, i.e. where an incumbent was neither a Senator nor a
Representative during some part of 1983-90, or for other reasons missed votes)
is coded as 999.

National Journal scores are published yearly in the weekly periodical and in
the Almanac of American Politics.  See paragraph above for former House
members, and NAs.


                         Background of Senator #2

See Background of Senator #1 section above.



                       Election Predictions


Election predictions were published in (1) CQ's Special Report (10/13/90), and
The GRC Cook Political Report, Washington; The Government Research Corporation
(5/29/90 & 10/23/90).

Campaign media consultant and pollster data were found in Campaigns &
Elections (October/November, 1990)



                        Campaign Spending



Campaign spending figures are preliminary tabulations made public by the
Federal Election Commission in its press release of November 2, 1990.  


                       State Political Data


State partisanship and ideology figures were calculated from 1976-1985
CBS/New York Times polls by Professor Gerald Wright of Indiana University.

State party organizational strength scores are from Table 2.4 (pp. 28-9) of
Cotter, Cornelius P., James L. Gibson, John F. Bibby, and Robert Huckshorn. 
1984.  Party Organizations in American Politics.  New York: Praeger.

Democratic Party Liberalism and Republican Party Conservatism scores have been
provided by Larry M. Bartels.  These measures are updated versions of the
scores originally appearing in Tables 8.2 and 9.2 of his 1988 book,
Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice.  Princeton, New
Jersey:  Princeton University Press.

1988 election returns are from the FEC (see 1988 election information above). 
Two-party percentages were calculated by hand.  Previous election returns are
found in Scammon (1987).

State legislative results are from the National Journal (November 10, 1990).


                  State Demographic, Geographic, and Economic Data



U.S. Census Bureau voting age population estimate comes from the "Current
Population Reports, Population Estimates and Projections:  Projections of the
Voting-Age Population for States: November, 1990."  (Table 1, Series A).

1988 population (v5462), percent population increase (v5463), percent black
(v5466), percent metropolitan residents (v5469), net migration (v5475), and
percent over age 64 (v5494) are found in U.S. Department of Commerce.  1990. 
Statistical Abstract of the United States 1990.  Washington:  Government
Printing Office.  Net migration "comprises net immigration from abroad, net
interregional, interdivisional, or interstate migration, and the movement of
persons in the armed forces" (pg. 21, 1988.)

Percent Asian (v5467), Spanish origin (v5468), 1-3 years college (v5489), 4 or
more years of college (v5490), below poverty line (v5491), housing units
rented (v5492) are from The Almanac of American Politics 1988.

Percent born in state (v5470), white-collar workers (v5471), blue-collar
workers (v5472), square miles in state (v5473), percent of area farmed
(v5474), tax burden per capita (v5487), and median family income (v5493) are
from Politics in America; The 100th Congress.

Percent of residents at current address for two years or less was calculated
from the Voter Supplement File of the 1980 Current Population Survey by
Michael Hagen of the State Data Program at the University of California,
Berkeley.  The Current Population Survey was made available by the
Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research.

State unemployment rates for December 1989 to December 1990 were supplied in a
computer printout by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States
Department of Labor.  

Total personal income comes from table 2 of the Department of Commerce's
January 23, 1991 press release, "State Personal Income:  Slow Growth Continued
in Third Quarter 1990."  Figures reflect total personal income, including farm
income.  The Department does not calculate per capita income quarterly.

Violent crime figures are from a computer printout provided by the FBI


                Democratic Candidate's Background
               (See Background of Senator #1 above)



                Republican Candidate's Background

               (See Background of Senator #1 above)


                Sources of Senate Contextual Data - 1992

                (See section headings in codebook)


                    1992 Election Information

General election and primary election results come from various issues of
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report.


                     Background of Senator #1

Wherever possible, data were taken from the 1988 and 1990 Senate Election
Study Contextual Dataset for those Senators who were covered in those studies. 
Much of this documentation, then, is from the 1988 and 1990 Contextual
datasets.

Personal information about the incumbent's background was found in (1)
Ehrenhalt, Alan ed. 1987.  Politics in America: The 100th Congress. 
Washington:  Congressional Quarterly Inc. as well as the editions of that book
for the 101st and 102nd Congresses; (2) Barone, Michael and Grant Ujifusa. 
1987.  The Almanac of American Politics 1988.  Washington: National Journal
Inc. (and the 1989 and 1991 editions); and (3) Congressional Quarterly's
Special Report on the 1988 elections (10/15/88), Congressional Quarterly's
Special Report on the 1990 elections (10/13/90), and CQ's report on the 1992
elections (10/17/92); (4) biographical data provided directly from campaign
offices.

Previous incumbent election results were found in (1) Scammon, Richard M. and
Alice V. McGillivray eds.  1987.  America Votes 17; 1989.  American Votes 18;
1991.  America Votes 19.  Washington:  Congressional Quarterly Inc. and (2)
Politics in America (above).

Mass mailings include government paid mailings which are not responses to
inquiries, press releases, or mail to officials.  The number of mass mail
pieces from the third quarter of 1985 is published semi-annually in the Report
of the Secretary of the Senate, Washington:  Government Printing Office. 
Comparable figures are not available for members of the House.  (We regret
that this information was unavailable in time for use in for the 1992
dataset.)

Seniority rankings, attendance percentages, group (ADA, ACU, AFL-CIO, CCUS)
ratings, presidential support, party unity, and conservative coalition scores
are published in Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Vols. XXXIX to XLV), and in
Politics in America (above).  In cases where a Senator was a member of the
House (1983-92) before the Senate, his/her House scores were coded.  Not
applicable (NA, i.e. where an incumbent was neither a Senator nor a
Representative during some part of 1983-92, or for other reasons missed votes)
is coded as 999.

National Journal scores are published yearly in the weekly periodical and in
the Almanac of American Politics.  See paragraph above for former House
members, and NAs.


                       Background of Senator #2

See Background of Senator #1 section above.



                       Election Predictions


Election predictions were published in (1) CQ's Special Report (10/13/90), and
The GRC Cook Political Report, Washington; The Government Research Corporation
(5/20/92 & 10/28/92).

Campaign media consultant and pollster data were found in Campaigns &
Elections (October/November, 1992)



                        Campaign Spending



Campaign spending figures are from the Federal Election Commission press
release of March 4, 1993.  


                       State Political Data


State partisanship and ideology figures were calculated from 1976-1985 CBS/New
York Times polls by Professor Gerald Wright of Indiana University.

State party organizational strength scores are from Table 2.4 (pp. 28-9) of
Cotter, Cornelius P., James L. Gibson, John F. Bibby, and Robert Huckshorn. 
1984.  Party Organizations in American Politics.  New York: Praeger.

Democratic Party Liberalism and Republican Party Conservatism scores have been
provided by Larry M. Bartels.  These measures are updated versions of the
scores originally appearing in Tables 8.2 and 9.2 of his 1988 book,
Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice.  Princeton, New
Jersey:  Princeton University Press.

1992 election returns are from the Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report of
11/7/92.  Two-party percentages were calculated by hand.  

State legislative results are from The State Yellow Book, Vol. 4, Number 4. 
Winter, 1993.  NY:  Monitor Publishing Company.


         State Demographic, Geographic, and Economic Data


U.S. Census Burea voting age population estimate for 1992 comes from the FEC's
3/4/93 Press Release.

1990 population (v5462), percent population increase (v5463), percent black
(v5466), percent metropolitan residents (v5469), net migration (v5475), and
percent over age 64 (v5494) are found in U.S. Department of Commerce.  1990. 
Statistical Abstract of the United States 1991. Washington:  Government
Printing Office.  Net migration "comprises net immigration from abroad, net
interregional, interdivisional, or interstate migration, and the movement of
persons in the armed forces" (pg. 21, 1988.)

Percent Asian (v5467), Spanish origin (v5468), 1-3 years college (v5489), 4 or
more years of college (v5490), below poverty line (v5491), housing units
rented (v5492) are from The Almanac of American Politics 1992.

Percent born in state (v5470), white-collar workers (v5471), blue-collar
workers (v5472), square miles in state (v5473), percent of area farmed
(v5474), tax burden per capita (v5487), and median family income (v5493) are
from Politics in America; The 102nd Congress.

Percent of residents at current address for two years or less was calculated
from the Voter Supplement File of the 1980 Current Population Survey by
Michael Hagen of the State Data Program at the University of California,
Berkeley.  The Current Population Survey was made available by the
Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research.

State unemployment rates for December 1991 to December 1992 were supplied in a
computer printout by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States
Department of Labor (2/8/93).  

Total personal income comes from table 2 of the Department of Commerce's
January 26, 1993 press release, "State Personal Income:  First Quarter 1991 to
Third Quarter 1992."  Figures reflect total personal income, including farm
income.  The Department does not calculate per capita income quarterly.

Violent crime figures are from a computer printout provided by the FBI


                Democratic Candidate's Background
               (See Background of Senator #1 above)



                Republican Candidate's Background
               (See Background of Senator #1 above)




>> IX. CANDIDATE LISTS
>> IX.A. HOUSE CANDIDATES (1988, 1990, 1992)


              U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATES - 1988
          
                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
                                    ALABAMA
          
          01  35   JOHN M. TYSON JR.        34   SONNY CALLAHAN
          02  35   JANIE BAKER CLARKE       34   WILLIAM DICKENSON
          03  33   BILL NICHOLS           
          04  33   TOM BEVILL 
          05  33   RONNIE G. FLIPPO         36   STAN MCDONALD
          06  33   BEN ERDREICH             36   CHARLES CADDIS
          07  33   CLAUDE HARRIS            36   JIM BACON
          
          
          
                                ALASKA
          
          01  35   PETER GRUENSTEIN         34   DON YOUNG
          
          
          
                                ARIZONA
          
          01  35   JOHN M. FILLMORE         34   JOHN J. RHODES III
          02  35   MORRIS K. UDALL          36   JOSEPH SWEENEY
          03  35   DAVE MOSS                34   BOB STUMP
          04                                34   JON KYL   
          05  35   JUDITH BELCHER           34   JIM KOLBE
          
          
          
                                ARKANSAS
          
          01  33   BILL ALEXANDER 
          02  33   TOMMY F. ROBINSON        36   WARREN CARPENTER
          03  35   DAVID STEWART            34   JOHN HAMMERSCHMIDT
          04  33   BERYL ANTHONY, JR.       36   ROGER N. BELL
          
          
                                   CALIFORNIA
                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
          
          01  33   DOUGLAS H. BOSCO         36   SAMUEL VANDERBILT
          02  35   WAYNE MEYER              34   WALLY  HERGER
          03  33   ROBERT MATSUI            36   LOWELL LANDOWSKI
          04  33   VIC FAZIO 
          05  33   NANCY PELOSI             36   BRUCE M. O'NEILL
          06  33   BARBARA BOXER            36   WILLIAM STEINMETZ
          07  33   GEORGE MILLER            36   JEAN LAST
          08  33   RONALD V. DELLUMS        36   JOHN CUDDIHY, JR.
          09  33   FORTNEY H. STARK         36   HOWARD HERTZ
          10  33   DON EDWARDS 
          11  33   TOM LANTOS               36   GM BILL QURAISHI
          12  31   ANNA ESHOO               32   TOM CAMPBELL
          13  33   NORMAN Y. MINETA         36   LUKE SOMMER
          14  35   PATRICIA MALBERG         34   NORMAN D. SHUMWAY
          15  33   TONY COELHO              36   CAROL HARNER
          16  33   LEON E. PANETTA          36   STANLEY MONTEITH
          17  33   VINCENT LAVERY           34   CHARLES PASHAYAN
          18  33   RICHARD H. LEHMAN        36   DAVID R. LINN
          19  35   GARY K HART              34   BOB LAGOMARSINO
          20  35   LITA REID                34   WILLIAM THOMAS
          21  35   DONALD E. STEVENS        34   ELTON GALLEGLY
          22  35   JOHN G. SIMMONS          34   CARLOS MOORHEAD
          23  33   ANTHONY C. BEILENSON     36   JIM SALOMON
          24  33   HENRY A. WAXMAN          36   JOHN N. COWLES
          25  33   EDWARD R. ROYBAL 
          26  33   HOWARD L. BERMAN         36   G.C. BRODERSON
          27  33   MEL LEVINE               36   DENNIS GALBRAITH
          28  33   JULIAN C. DIXON          36   GEORGE Z. ADAMS
          29  33   AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS      36   REUBIN D. FRANCO
          30  33   MATTHEW G. MARTINEZ      36   RALPH R. RAMIREZ
          31  33   MERVYN M. DYMALLY        36   ARNOLD C. MAY
          32  33   GLENN M. ANDERSON        36   SANFORD W. KAHN
          33  35   NELSON GENTRY            34   DAVIED DREIR
          34  33   ESTEBAN E. TORRES        36   CHARLES M. HOUSE
          35  35   PAUL SWEENEY             34   JERRY LEWIS
          36  33   GEORGE E. BROWN JR.      36   JOHN P. STARK
          37  35   JOHNNY PEARSON           34   AL MCCANDLESS
          38  35   JERRY YUDELSON           34   ROBERT DORNAN
          39  35   DON E. MARQUIS           34   WILLIAM DANNEMEYER
          40  31   LIDA LENNEY              32   C. CHRISTOPHER COX
          41  35   DAN KRIPKE               34   BILL LOWERY
          42  31   GUY C. KIMBROUGH         32   DANA ROHRABACHER
          43  35   HOWARD GREENEBAUM        34   RON PACKARD
          44  33   JIM BATES                36   ROB BUTTERFIELD
          45  35   PETE LEPISCOPO           34   DUNCAN HUNTER
          
          
          
                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
          
                                COLORADO
          
          01  33   PATRICIA SCHROEDER       36   JOY WOOD
          02  33   DAVID D. SKAGGS          36   DAVID BATH
          03  33   BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL  36   JIM ZARTMAN
          04  35   CHARLES VIGIL            34   HANK BROWN
          05  35   JOHN MITCHELL            34   JOEL HEFLEY
          06  35   MARTHA M. EZZARD         34   DANIEL L. SCHAEFER
          
          
                                 CONNECTICUT
          
          01  33   BARBARA B. KENNELLY      36   MARIO ROBLES
          02  33   SAM GEJDENSON            36   GLENN CARBERRY
          03  33   BRUCE A. MORRISON        36   GERARD B. PATTON
          04  35   ROGER PEARSON            34   CHRISTOPHER SHAYS
          05  35   JAMES GRIFFIN            34   NANCY L. JOHNSON
          06  35   JOSEPH MARINAN           34   JOHN G. ROWLAND
          
          
                                DELAWARE
          
          01  33   THOMAS CARPER            36   JAMES KRAPF
          
          
                                FLORIDA
          
          01  33   EARL HUTTO               36   E.D. ARMBRUSTER
          02  33   BILL GRANT 
          03  33   CHARLES E. BENNETT 
          04  33   BILL CHAPPELL, JR.       36   CRAIG T. JAMES
          05                                34   BILL MCCOLLUM
          06  31   JON MILLS                32   CLIFF STEARNS
          O7  33   SAM GIBBONS 
          08  35   C. BETTE WIMBISH         34   C.W. BILL YOUNG
          09                                34   MICHAEL BILRAKIS
          10  35   DAVID B. HIGGINBOTTOM    34   ANDY IRELAND
          11  33   BILL NELSON              36   BILL TOLLEY
          12                                34   TOM LEWIS 
          13  31   JACK CONWAY              32   PORTER GOSS
          14  31   HARRY A. JOHNSTON        32   KEN ADAMS
          15  35   MIKE KUHLE               34   E. CLAY SHAW, JR.
          16  33   LAWRENCE J. SMITH        36   JOSEPH SMITH
          17  33   WILLIAM LEHMAN
          18  33   CLAUDE PEPPER
          19  33   DANTE B. FASCELL         36   RALPH C.ROCHETEAU
          
          
          
          
                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
                                GEORGIA
          
          01  33   ROBERT LINDSAY THOMAS    36   JOHN C. MEREDITH
          02  33   CHARLES HATCHER          36   RALPH T. HUDGENS
          03  33   RICHARD RAY 
          04  35   BEN JONES                34   PAT SWINDALL
          05  33   JOHN LEWIS               36   JAMES TIBBS, JR.
          06  35   DAVE WORLEY              34   NEWT GINGRICH
          07  33   GEORGE DARDEN            36   ROBERT LAMUTT
          08  33   J. ROY ROWLAND
          09  33   ED JENKINS               36   C. JOSEPH HOFFMAN
          10  33   DOUG BARNARD, JR.        36   MARK S. MYERS
          
          
                                HAWAII
          
          01  35   MARY BITTERMAN           34   PATRICIA F. SAIKI
          02  33   DANIEL K. AKAKA 
          
          
                                IDAHO
          
          01  35   JEANNE GIVENS            34   LARRY E. CRAIG
          02  33   RICHARD H. STALLINGS     36   DANE H. WATKINS
          
          
                                ILLINOIS
          
          01  33   CHARLES A. HAYES         36   STEPHEN J. EVANS
          02  33   GUS SAVAGE               36   WILLIAM HESPEL
          03  33   MARTY RUSSO              36   JOSEPH J. MCCARTHY
          04  35   GEORGE E. SANGMEISTER    34   JACK DAVIS
          05  33   WILLIAM LIPINSKI         36   JOHN J. HOLOWINSKI
          06  35   WILLIAM J. ANDRLE        34   HENRY J. HYDE
          07  33   CARDISS COLLINS          
          08  33   DAN ROSTENKOWSKI         36   V. STEPHEN VETTER
          09  33   SIDNEY R. YATES          36   HERBERT SOHN
          10  35   EUGENE F. FRIEDMAN       35   JOHN E. PORTER
          11  33   FRANK ANNUNZIO           36   GEORGE S. GOTTLIEB
          12  35    JOHN A. LEONARDI        34   PHILLIP CRANE
          13  35   EVELYN. E. CRAIG         34   HARRIS W. FAWELL
          14  35   STEPHEN YOUHANAIE        34   DENNIS HASTERT
          15  35   THOMAS J. CURL           35   EDWARD MADIGAN
          16  35   STEVEN E. MAHAN          34   LYNN MARTIN
          17  33   LANE EVANS               36   WILLIAM E. STEWART
          18  35   G. DOUGLAS STEPHENS      34   ROBERT H. MICHEL
          19  33   TERRY L. BRUCE           36   ROBERT F. KERANS
          20  33   RICHARD J. DURBIN        36   PAUL E. JURGENS
          21  31   JERRY F. COSTELLO        32   ROBERT H. GAFFNER
          22  31   GLENN  POSHARD           32   PATRICK J. KELLEY
          

                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
                                INDIANA
          
          01  33   PETER J. VISCLOSKY       36   OWEN W. CRUMPACKER
          02  33   PHILIP R. SHARP          36   MIKE PENCE
          03  35   TOM WARK                 34   JOHN HILER
          04  35   JILL LONG                34   DAN COATS
          05  33   JIM JONTZ                36   PATRICIA WILLIAMS
          06  35   GEORGE THOMAS HOLLAND    34   DAN BURTON
          07  35   MARK R. WATERFILL        34   JOHN T. MEYERS
          08  33   FRANK MCCLOSKEY          36   JOHN L. MEYERS
          09  33   LEE HAMILTON             36   FLOYD E. COATES
          10  33   ANDREW JACOBS, JR.       36   JAMES C. CUMMINGS
          
          
                                IOWA
          
          01  35   BILL GLUBA               34   JIM LEACH
          02  35   ERIC TABOR               34   TOM TAUKE
          03  33   DAVIED R. NAGLE          36   DONALD B. REDFERN
          04  33   NEAL SMITH               36   PAUL LUNDE
          05  35   GENE FREUND              34   JIM LIGHTFOOT
          06  35   DAVE O'BRIEN             34   FRED GRANDY
          
          
                                KANSAS
          
          01                                34   PAT ROBERTS
          02  33   JIM SLATTERY             36   PHIL MEINHARDT
          03  35   LIONEL KUNST             34   JAN MEYERS
          04  33   DAN GLICKMAN             36   LEE TOMPSON
          05  35   JOHN A. BARNES           34   BOB WHITTAKER
          
          
                                KENTUCKY
          
          01  33   CARROL HUBBARD, JR. 
          02  33   WILLIAM H. NATCHER       36   MARTIN A. TORI
          03  33   ROMANO L. MAZZOL         36   PHILIP DUNNAGAN
          04  35   RICHARD V. BELILES       34   JIM BUNNING
          05                                34   HAROLD ROGERS
          06  35   MILTON PATTON
          07  33   CARL PERKINS             36   WILL SCOTT
          
          

          
                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
                                LOUISIANA
          
          01  35   GEORGE MUSTAKAS          34   BOB LIVINGSTON
          02  33   LINDY HALE BOGGS         36   ROGER JOHNSON
          03  33   W.J. TAUZIN              36   MILLARD CLEMENT
          04  35   ADELINE ROEMER           34   JIM MCCRERY
          05  33   JERRY HUCKABY            36   JACK WRIGHT
          06                                34   RICHARD H. BAKER
          07  33   JIMMY HAYES  
          09  35   FAYE WILLIAMS            34   CLYDE C. HOLLOWAY
          
          
                                MAINE
          
          01  33   JOSEPH E. BRENNAN        36   TED O'MEARA
          02  35   KENNETH P. HAYES         34   OLYMPIA J. SNOWE
          
          
                                MARYLAND
          
          01  33   ROY DYSON                36   WAYNE GILCHRIST
          02  35   JOSEPH BARTENFELDER      34   HELEN D. BENTLEY
          03  33   BENJAMIN L. CARDIN       36   ROSS Z. PIERPONT
          04  33   THOMAS MCMILLEN          36   BRADLYN MCCLANAHER
          05  33   STENY H. HOYER           36   JOHN E. SELLER
          06  33   BEVERLY B. BYRON         36   KENNETH HALSEY
          07  33   KWEISI MFUME 
          08  35   PETER FRANCHOT           34   CONSTANCE MORELLA
          
          
                                MASSACHUSETTS
          
          01  35   JOHN R. ARDEN            34   SILVIO O. CONTE
          02  31   RICHARD E. NEAL 
          03  33   JOSEPH E. EARLY 
          04  33   BARNEY FRANK             36   DEBRA R. TUCKER
          05  33   CHESTER G. ATKINS
          06  33   NICHOLAS MAYROULES       36   PAUL MCCARTHY
          07  33   EDWARD J. MARKEY         
          08  33   JOSEPH P. KENNEDY II     36   GLENN W. FISCUS
          09  33   JOE MOAKLEY 
          10  33   GERRY E. STUDDS          36   JON BRYAN
          11  33   BRIAN J. DONNELLY        36   MICHAEL GILLERAN
          

                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
          
                                MICHIGAN
          
          01  33   JOHN CONYERS, JR.        36   BILL ASHE
          02  35   LANA POLLACK             34   CARL PURSELL
          03  33   HOWARD WOLPE             36   CAL ALLGAIER
          04  35   NORMAN J. RIVERS         34   FRED UPTON
          05  35   JAMES M. CATCHICK        34   PAUL B. HENRY
          06  33   BOB CARR                 36   SCOTT SCHULTZ
          07  33   DALE E. KILDEE           36   JEFF COAD
          08  33   BOB TRAXLER              36   LLOYD F. BUHL
          09  35   DAVID J. GAWRON          36   GUY VANDERJAGT
          10  35   MATHAIS G. FORBES        34   BILL SCHUETTE
          11  35   MITCH IRWIN              34   ROBERT W. DAVIS
          12  33   DAVID E. BONIOR          36   DOUGLAS CARL
          13  33   GEORGE CROCKETT          36   JOHN W. SAVAGE II
          14  33   DENNIS M. HERTEL         36   KENNETH C. MCNEALY
          15  33   WILLIAM D. FORD          36   BURL C. ADKINS
          16  33   JOHN D. DINGELL 
          17  33   SANDER M. LEVIN          36   DENNIS FLESSLAND
          18  35   GARY L. KOHUT            34   WILLIAM BROOMFIELD
          
          
                                MINNESOTA
          
          01  33   TIMOTHY J. PENNY         36   CURT SCHRIMPF
          02  35   DOUG PETERSON            34   VIN WEBER
          03  35   DAVE CARLSON             34   BILL FREZEL
          04  33   BRUCE F. VENTO           36   IAN MAITLAND
          05  33   MARTIN OLAY SABO         36   RAYMOND GILBERTSON
          06  33   GERRY SIKORSKI           36   RAY PLOETZ
          07  35   MARV HANSON              34   ARLAN STRANGELAND
          08  33   JAMES L. OBERSTAR        36   JERRY SHUSTER
          
          
                                MISSISSIPPI
          
          01  33   JAMIE L. WHITTEN         36   JIM BUSH
          02  33   MIKE EXPY                36   JACK COLEMAN
          03  33   GV MONTGOMERY            36   JIMMIE R. BOURLAND
          04  35   MIKE PARKER              32   THOMAS COLLINS
          05  31   GENE TAYLOR              32   LARKIN SMITH
          
          
                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
                                MISSOURI

          01  33   WILLIAM CLAY             36   JOSEPH SCHWAN
          02  35   ROBERT FEIGENBAUM        34   JACK BUECHNER
          03  33   RICHARD GEPHARDT         36   MARK F. HEARNE
          04  33   IKE SKELTON              36   DAVID EYERLY
          05  33   ALAN WHEAT               36   MARY ELLEN LOBB
          06  35   DOUG HUGHES              34   E. THOMAS COLEMAN
          07  31   MAX BACON                32   MELTON D. HANCOCK
          08  35   WAYNE CRYTS              34   BILL EMERSON
          09  33   HAROLD VOLKMER           36   KEN A. DUDLEY
          
          
                                MONTANA

          01  33   PAT WILLIAMS             36   JIM FENLASON
          02  35   BUCK O'BRIEN             34   RON MARLENEE
          
          
                                NEBRASKA
          
          01  35   CORKY JONES              34   DOUG BEREUTER
          02  31   PETER HOAGLAND           32   JERRY SCHENKEN
          03  35   JOHN. D. REACEK          34   VIRGINIA SMITH
          
          
                                NEVADA
          
          01  33   JAMES BILBRAY            36   LUCILLE LUSK
          02  35   JIM SPOO                 34   BARBARA VUCANOVICH
          
          
                                NEW HAMPSHIRE
          
          01  35   JOSEPH KEEFE             34   ROBERT SMITH
          02  31   JAMES DONCHESS           32   CHUCK DOUGLAS
          
          
                                NEW JERSEY
          
          01  33   JAMES J. FLORIO          36   FRANK A. CRISTAUDO
          02  33   WILLIAM J. HUGHES        36   KIRK W. CONOVER
          03  31   FRANK PALLONE, JR.       32   JOSEPH AZZOLINA
          06  33   BERNARD J. DWYER         36   PETER J. SICA
          07  35   JAMES HELY               34   MATTHEW RINALDO
          08  33   ROBERT A. ROE 
          09  33   ROBERT TORRICELLI        36   ROGER LANE
          10  31   DONALD M. PAYNE          32   MICHAEL WEBB
          11  35   JOHN C. SHAW             34   DEAN A. GALLO
          12  35   NORMAN J. WEINSTEIN      34   JIM COURTER
          13  35   JAMES B. SMITH           34   H. JAMES SAXTON
          14  33   FRANK J. GUARINI




                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
                                NEW MEXICO
          
          01  31   TOM UDALL                32   STEVEN SCHIFF
          02                                34   JOE SKEEN
          03  33   BILL RICHARDSON          36   CECILIA SALAZAR
          
          
                                NEW YORK
          
          01  33   GEORGE J. HOCHBRUECKNER  36   ED ROMAINE
          02  33   THOMAS DOWNEY            36   JOSEPH CARDINO JR
          03  33   ROBERT MRAZEK            36   ROBERT PREVIDE
          04  35   FRANCIS GOBAN            34   NORMAN LENT
          05  35   WILLIAM KELLY            34   RAYMOND MCGRATH
          06  33   FLOYD FLAKE
          07  33   GARY ACKERMAN 
          08  33   JAMES H. SCHEUER 
          09  33   THOMAS J. MANTON  
          10  33   CHARLES E. SCHUMER       36   GEORGE POPIELARSKI
          11  33   EDOLPHUS TOWNS           36   RIAZ B. HUSSAIN
          12  33   MAJOR R. OWENS           36   ANTHONY CURCI
          14  35   JEROME X. O'DONOVAN      34   GUY MOLINARI
          15  35   PETER G. DOUKAS          34   BILL GREEN
          16  33   CHARLES RANGEL 
          17  33   TED WEISS                36   MYRNA C. ALBERT
          18  33   ROBERT GARCIA            36   FRED BROWN
          19  35   ELLIOT L. ENGEL          34   MARIO BIAGGI
          20  35   NITA LOWEY               34   JOSEPH DIOGUARDI
          21  35   LAWRENCE GRUNBERGER      34   HAMILTON FISH JR
          22  35   ELANOR F. BURLINGHAM     34   BENJAMIN GILMAN
          23  31   MICHAEL MCNULTY          32   PETER BAKAL
          24  35   FRED BAYE                34   GERALD SOLOMON
          25                                34   SHERWOOD BOEHLERT
          26  35   DONALD RAVENSCROFT       34   DAVID MARTIN
          27  31   ROSEMARY POOLER          32   JAMES WALSH
          28  33   MATTHEW MCHUGH 
          29  35   JAMES R. VOGEL           34   FRANK HORTON
          30  33   LOUISE SLAUGHTER         36   JOHN BROUCHARD
          31  31   DAVID SWARTS             32   BILL PAXON
          32  33   JOHN LAFALCE             36   EMIL EVERETT
          33  33   HENRY NOWAK 
          34                                34   AMORY HOUGHTON
          
                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
                                NORTH CAROLINA
          
          01  33   WALTER B. JONES          36   HOWARD D. MOYE
          02  33   TIM VALENTINE 
          03  33   H. MARTIN LANCASTER 
          04  33   DAVID E. PRICE           36   TOM FETZER
          05  33   STEPHEN L. NEAL          36   LYONS GRAY
          06  35   TOM GILMORE              34   HOWARD COBLE
          07  33   CHARLES ROSE             36   GEORGE THOMPSON
          08  33   W.G. HEFNER              36   TED BLANTON
          09  35   MARK SHOLANDER           34   J. ALEX MCMILLAN
          10  35   JACK L. RHYNE            34   CASS BALLENGER
          11  33   JAMES MCCLURE CLARKE     36   CHARLES H. TAYLOR
          
          
                                NORTH DAKOTA
          
          01  33   BYRON L. DORGAN          36   STEVE SYDNESS
          
          
                                OHIO
          
          01  33   THOMAS A. LUKEN          36   STEVE CHABOT
          02  35   CHUCK STIDHAM            34   BILL GRADISON
          03  33   TONY P. HALL             36   RON CRUTCHER
          04                                34   MICHAEL OXLEY
          O5                                32   PAUL GILLMOR
          06  35   GORDON ROBERTS           34   BOB MCEWEN
          07  35   JACK SCHIRA              34   MICHAEL DEWINE
          08  35   JOHN W. GRIFFEN          34   DONALD LUKENS
          09  33   MARCY KAPTUR             36   AL HAWKINS
          10  35   JOHN BUCHANAN            34   CLARENCE MILLER
          11  33   DENNIS ECKERT            36   MARGARET MUELLER
          12  35   MARK BROWN               34   JOHN KASICH
          13  33   DON PEASE                36   DWIGHT BROWN
          14  33   THOMAS SAWYER            36   LORETTA LANG
          15  35   MARK FROELICH            34   CHALMERS WYLIE
          16  35   MELVIN GRAVELY           34   RALPH REGULA
          17  33   JAMES TRAFICANT, JR.     36   FREDERICK LENZ
          18  33   DOUGLAS APPLEGATE        36   WILLIAM ABRAHAM
          19  33   EDWARD FEIGHAN           36   NOEL ROBERTS
          20  33   MARY ROSE OAKAR          36   MICHAEL SAJNA
          21  33   LOUIS STOKES             36   FRANKLIN ROSKI
          

                                OKLAHOMA

          01  35   KURT GLASSCO             34   JAMES INHOFE
          02  33   MIKE SYNAR               36   IRA PHILLIPS
          03  33   WES WATKINS 
          04  33   DAVE MCCURDY 
          05  35   TERRY MONTGOMERY         34   MICKEY EDWARDS
          06  33   GLENN ENGLISH            36   MIKE BROWN



                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
                                OREGON
          
          01  33   LES AUCOIN               36   EARL MOLANDER
          02  35   LARRY TUTTLE             34   ROBERT SMITH
          03  33   RON WYDEN 
          04  33   PETER DEFAZIO            36   JIM HOWARD
          05  35   MIKE KOPETSKI            34   DENNY SMITH
          
          
                                PENNSYLVANIA
          
          01  33   THOMAS M. FOGLIETTA      36   WILLIAM O'BRIEN
          02  33   WILLIAM GRAY             36   RICHARD HARSCH
          03  33   ROBERT BORSKI            36   MARK MATHEWS
          04  33   JOE KOLTER               36   GORDON JOHNSTON
          05  35   DONALD HADLEY            34   RICHARD SCHULZE
          06  33   GUS YATRON               36   JAMES ERVIN
          07  35   DAVID LANDAU             34   CURT WELDON
          08  33   PETER KOSTMAYER          36   ED HOWARD
          09                                34   BUD SHUSTER
          10  35   ROBERT C. CORDARO        34   JOSEPH MCDADE
          11  33   PAUL KANJORSKI 
          12  33   JOHN P. MURTHA
          13  35   BERNARD TROMKIN          34   LAWRENCE COUGHLIN
          14  33   WILLIAM COYNE            36   RICHARD CALIQURI
          15  33   ED REIBMAN               34   DON RITTER
          16  35   ERNEST GUYLL             34   ROBERT WALKER
          17                                34   GEORGE GEKAS
          18  33   DOUG WALGREN             36   JOHN NEWMAN
          19  35   PAUL RITCHEY             34   BILL GOODLIN
          20  33   JOSEPH GAYDOS 
          21  35   GEORGE ELDER             34   TOM RIDGE
          22  33   AUSTIN MURPHY            36   WILLIAM HODGKISS
          23  35   HOWARD SHAKESPEARE       34   WILLIAM CLINGER
          
          
                                RHODE ISLAND
          
          01  33   FERNAD ST. GERMAIN       36   RONALD MACHTLEY
          02  35   RUTH MORGENTHAU          34   CLAUDINE SCHNEIDER
          
          
                                SOUTH CAROLINA
          
          01  35   WHELLER TILLMAN          34   ARTHUR RAVENEL JR.
          02  35   JIM LEVENTIS             34   FLOYD SPENCE
          03  33   BUTLER DERRICK           36   HENRY S. JORDAN
          04  33   LIZ PATTERSON            36   KNOX WHITE
          05  33   JOHN SPRATT JR.          36   BOB CARLEY
          06  33   ROBIN TALLON             36   ROBERT CUNNINGHAM




                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
                                SOUTH DAKOTA
          
          01  33   TIM JOHNSON              36   DAVID VOLD
          
          
                                TENNESSEE
          
          01  35   SIDNEY SMITH             34   JAMES QUILLEN
          02  31   DUDLEY TAYLOR            32   JOHN DUNCAN JR.
          03  33   MARILYN LLOYD            36   HAROLD L. COKER
          04  33   JIM COOPER 
          05  33   BOB CLEMENT 
          06  33   BART GORDON              36   WALLACE EMBRY
          07  35   KEN BLOODWORTH           34   DON SUNDQUIST
          08  31   JOHN TANNER              32   ED BRYANT
          09  33   HAROLD FORD
          
          
                                TEXAS
          
          01  33   JIM CHAPMAN              36   HORACE MCQUEEN
          02  33   CHARLES WILSON 
          03  35   BLAKE COWDEN             34   STEVE BARTLETT
          04  33   RALPH HALL               36   RANDY SUTTON
          05  33   JOHN BRYANT              36   LON WILLIAMS
          06  35   N.P. KENDRICK            34   JOE BARTON
          07  35   DIANE RICHARDS           34   BILL ARCHER
          08                                34   JACK FIELDS
          09  33   JACK BROOKS 
          10  33   J.J. PICKLE 
          11  33   MARVIN LEATH 
          12  33   JIM WRIGHT 
          13  31   BILL SARPALIUS           32   LARRY S. MILNER
          14  35   GREG LAUGHLIN            34   MAC SWEENEY
          15  33   E. KIKA DELA GARZA 
          16  33   RONALD COLEMAN 
          17  33   CHARLES STENHOLM 
          18  33   MICKEY LELAND 
          19  35   GERALD MCCATHERN         34   LARRY COMBEST
          20  33   HENRY GONZALEZ           36   LEE TREVINO
          21                                34   LAMAR SMITH
          22  35   E. WAYNE WALKER          34   THOMAS DELAY
          23  33   ALBERT BUSTAMANTE        36   JEROME GONZALES
          24  33   MARTIN FROST
          25  33   MICHAEL ANDREWS          36   GEORGE LOEFFLER
          26  35   JOANN REYES              34   DICK ARMEY
          27  33   SOLOMON ORTIZ
          
          
          
          
                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
                                UTAH
          
          01  35   GUNN MCKAY               34   JAMES HANSEN
          02  33   WAYNE OWENS              36   RICHARD SNELGROVE
          03  35   ROBERT STRINGHAM         34   HOWARD NIELSON
          
          
                                VERMONT
          
          01  31   PAUL POIRIER             32   PETER SMITH
          
          
                                VIRGINIA
          
          01  35   JAMES ELLENSON           34   HERBERT BATEMAN
          02  33   OWEN PICKETT             36   JERRY CURRY
          03                                34   THOMAS BLILEY JR
          04  33   NORMAN SISISKY 
          05  33   L.F. PAYNE
          06  33   JIM OLIN                 36   CHARLES JUDD
          07                                34   D. SLAUGHTER
          08  35   DAVID BRICKLEY           34   STAN PARRIS
          09  33   RICK BOUCHER             36   JOHN BROWN
          10  35   BOB WEINBERG             34   FRANK WOLF
          
          
                                WASHINGTON
          
          01  35   REESE LINDQUIST          34   JOHN MILLER
          02  33   AL SWIFT 
          03  31   JOLEN UNSOELD            32   BILL WIGHT
          04  35   J. RICHARD GOLOB         34   SID MORRISON
          05  33   THOMASS FOLEY            36   MARLYN DERBY
          06  33   NORMAN DICKS             36   KEVIN COOK
          07  31   JIM MCDERMOTT            32   ROBERT EDWARDS
          08  35   JIM KEAN                 34   ROD CHANDLER
          
          
                                WEST VIRGINIA
          
          01  33   ALAN MOLLOHAN            36   HOWARD TUCK
          02  33   HARLEY STAGGERS JR. 
          03  33   BOB WISE                 36   PAUL HART
          04  33   NICK RAHALL II           36   MARIANNE BREWSTER
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
                   DEMOCRAT                      REPUBLICAN
          CD  #    Name                     #    Name
                                WISCONSIN
          
          01  33   LES ASPIN                36   BERNIE WEAVER
          02  33   ROBERT KASTENMEIER       36   ANN HANEY
          03  35   KARL KRUEGER             34   STEVE GUNDERSON
          04  33   GERALD KLECZKA
          05  33   JIM MOODY                36   HELEN BARNHILL
          06  31   JOE GARRETTR             32   THOMAS PETRI
          07  33   DAVID OBEY               36   KEVIN HERMENING
          08                                34   TOBY ROTH
          09  35   TOM HICKEY               34   F.J. SENSENBRENNER
          

                                WYOMING
          
          01  35   BRYAN SHARRATT           34   DICK CHENEY


                       U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATES - 1990 


            DEMOCRAT                               REPUBLICAN    

CD    #     NAME                             #     NAME

                                  ALABAMA

01                                              34    Sonny Callahan
02       35    Faye Baggiano                    34    Bill Dickinson
03       33    Glenn Browder                    36    Don Sledge
04       33    Tom Bevill
05       31    Bud Cramer                       32    Albert McDonald
06       33    Ben Erdreich
07       33    Claude Harris                    36    Michael D. Barker
     

                                  ALASKA

01 35    John S. Devens                         34    Don Young          
     

                                  ARIZONA

01                                              34    John J. Rhodes III
02       33    Morris K. Udall                  36    Joseph D. Sweeney 
03       35    Roger Hartstone                  34    Bob Stump        
04       35    Mark Ivey, Jr.                   34    Jon Kyl          
05       35    Chuck Phillips                   34    Jim Kolbe          
     

                                 ARKANSAS

01       33    Bill Alexander                   36    Terry Hayes  
02       31    Ray Thornton                     32    Jim Keet
03       35    Dan Ivy                          34    John Paul Hammerschmidt
04       33    Beryl Anthony, Jr.               36    Roy Rood           
     

                                CALIFORNIA

01       33    Douglas H. Bosco                 36    Frank Riggs
02       35    Erwin 'Bill' Rush                34    Wally Herger
03       33    Robert T. Matsui                 36    Lowell P. Landowski
04       33    Vic Fazio                        36    Mark Baughman 
05       33    Nancy Pelosi                     36    Alan Nichols 
06       33    Barbara Boxer                    36    Bill Boerum  
07       33    George Miller                    36    Roger A. Payton
08       33    Ronald V. Dellums                36    Barbara Galewski 
09       33    Fortney H. 'Pete' Stark          36    Victor Romero 
10       33    Don Edwards                      36    Mark Patrosso




               DEMOCRAT                              REPUBLICAN
         CD #  NAME                             #    NAME
                         CALIFORNIA CONTINUED

11       33    Tom Lantos                       36    Bill Quraishi
12       35    Robert Palmer                    34    Tom Campbell 
13       33    Norman Y. Mineta                 36    David E. Smith    
14       31    Patricia Malberg                 32    John T. Doolittle
15       33    Gary Condit                      36    Cliff Burris 
16       33    Leon E. Panetta                  36    Jerry M. Reiss
17       35    Calvin Dooley                    34    Charles 'Chip' Pashayan
18       33    Richard H. Lehman                                   
19       35    Anita Perez Ferguson             34    Robert J. Lagomarsino
20       35    Michael A. Thomas                34    Bill Thomas  
21       35    Richard D. Freiman               34    Elton Gallegly 
22       35    David Bayer                      34    Carlos J. Moorhead
23       33    Anthony C. Beilenson             36    Jim Salomon 
24       33    Henry A. Waxman                  36    John N. Cowles  
25       33    Edward R. Roybal                 36    Steven J. Renshaw  

26       33    Howard L. Berman                 36    Roy Dahlson    
27       33    Mel Levine                       36    David Barrett Cohen 
28       33    Julian C. Dixon                  36    George Z. Adams  
29       31    Maxine Waters                    32    Bill DeWitt 
30       33    Matthew G. Martinez              36    Reuben D. Franco  
31       33    Mervyn M. Dymally                36    Eunice A. Sato   
32       33    Glenn M. Anderson                36    Sanford W. Kahn
33       35    Georgia Houston Webb             34    David Dreier 
34       33    Esteban E. Torres                36    John Eastman       

35       35    Barry Norton                     34    Jerry Lewis      
36       33    George E. Brown, Jr.             36    Robert 'Bob' Hammock 
37       35    Ralph Waite                      34    Al McCandless     
38       35    Barbara Jackson                  34    Robert K. Dornan 
39       35    Francis X. Hoffman               34    William E. Dannemeyer
40       35    Eugene C. Gratz                  34    C. Christopher Cox 
41       35    Dan Kripke                       34    Bill Lowery 
42       35    Guy C. Kimbrough                 34    Dana Rohrabacher  
43                                              34    Ron Packard
44       33    Jim Bates                        36    Randy 'Duke' Cunningham
45                                              34    Duncan Hunter      
     

                                 COLORADO

01       33    Patricia Schroeder               36    Gloria Gonzales Roemer
02       33    David E. Skaggs                  36    Jason Lewis        
03       33    Ben Nighthorse Campbell          36    Bob Ellis
04       31    Dick Bond                        32    Wayne Allard
05       35    Cal Johnston                     34    Joel Hefley        
06       35    Don Jarrett                      34    Dan Schaefer




                                CONNECTICUT

01       33    Barbara B. Kennelly              36    James M. Garvey    
02       33    Sam Gejdenson                    36    John M. Ragsdale
03       31    Rosa DeLauro                     32    Thomas Scott       
04       35    Al Smith                         34    Christopher Shays
05       31    Toby Moffet                      32    Gary Franks        
06       35    Paul Kules                       34    Nancy L. Johnson



                                 DELAWARE

01       33    Thomas R. Carper                 36    Ralph O. Williams  
     


                                  FLORIDA

01       33    Earl Hutto                       36    Terry Ketchel
02       35    Pete Peterson                    34    Bill Grant        
03       33    Charles E. Bennett               36    Rod Sullivan
04       35    Reid Hughes                      34    Craig T. James     
05       35    Bob Fletcher                     34    Bill McCollum
06       35    Art Johnson                      34    Cliff Stearns
07       33    Sam M. Gibbons                   36    Charles D. Prout   
08                                              34    C.W. Bill Young    
09       35    Cheryl Davis Knapp               34    Michael Bilirakis
10                                              34    Andy Ireland       
11       31    Jim Bacchus                      32    Bill Tolley    
12                                              34    Tom Lewis
13                                              34    Porter J. Goss     
14       33    Harry A. Johnston                36    Scott Shore
15                                              34    E. Clay Shaw, Jr.  
16       33    Lawrence J. Smith
17       33    William Lehman                   36    Earl Rodney        
18       35    Bernard Anscher                  34    Ileana Ros-Lehtinen
19       33    Dante B. Fascell                 36    Bob Allen
     


                                  GEORGIA

01       33    Lindsay Thomas                   36    Chris Meredith
02       33    Charles Hatcher                  36    Jonathan Perry Waters
03       33    Richard Ray                      36    Paul Broun 
04       33    Ben Jones                        36    John Linder      
05       33    John Lewis                       36    J.W. Tibbs. Jr.
06       35    David Worley                     34    Newt Gingrich
07       33    George 'Buddy' Darden            36    Al Beverly       
08       33    J. Roy Rowland                   36    Robert F. Cunningham



                             GEORGIA CONTINUED

09       33    Ed Jenkins                       36    Joe Hoffman
10       33    Doug Barnard, Jr.                36    Sam Jones


                                  HAWAII

01       31    Neil Abercrombie                 32    Mike Liu      
02       31    Patsy T. Mink                    32    Andy Poepoe


                                   IDAHO

01       31    Larry LaRocco                    32    C.A. "Skip" Smyser
02       33    Richard Stallings                36    Sean McDevitt      
  


                                 ILLINOIS

01       33    Charles A. Hayes                 36    Babette Peyton     
02       33    Gus Savage                       36    William T. Hespel
03       33    Marty Russo                      36    Carl L. Klein      
04       33    George E. Sangmeister            36    Manny Hoffman
05       33    William O. Lipinski              36    David J. Shestokas 
06       35    Robert J. Cassidy                34    Henry J. Hyde
07       33    Cardiss Collins                  36    Michael Dooley
08       33    Dan Rostenkowski                                    
09       33    Sidney R. Yates                  36    Herbert Sohn       
10       35    Peg McNamara                     34    John Porter
11       33    Frank Annunzio                   36    Walter W. Dudycz 
12                                              34    Philip M. Crane    
13       35    Steve Thomas                     34    Harris W. Fawell
14       35    Donald J. Westphal               34    Dennis Hastert 
15                                              34    Edward Madigan     
16       31    John W. Cox, Jr.                 32    John W. Hallock Jr.
17       33    Lane Evans                       36    Dan Lee            
18                                              34    Robert H. Michel
19       33    Terry L. Bruce                   36    Robert F. Kerans
20       33    Richard J. Durbin                36    Paul E. Jurgens  
21       33    Jerry F. Costello                36    Robert H. Gaffner  
22       33    Glenn Poshard



                                  INDIANA

01       33    Peter J. Visclosky               36    William B. Costas  
02       33    Philip R. Sharp                  36    Mike Pence  
03       35    Timothy J. 'Tim' Roemer          34    John Hiler
04       33    Jill Long                        36    Richard W. 'Rick' Hawks
05       33    Jim Jontz                        36    John A. Johnson
06       35    James P. Fadely                  34    Dan Burton
07       35    John W. Riley Sr.                34    John T. Myers
08       33    Frank McCloskey                  36    Richard E. Mourdock
09       33    Lee H. Hamilton                  36    Floyd Eugene Coates
10       33    Andrew Jacobs Jr.                36    Janos Horvath



                                   IOWA

01                                              34    Jim Leach         
02       31    Eric Tabor                       32    Jim Nussle 
03       33    Dave Nagle                                          
04       33    Neal Smith                                          
05       35    Rod Powell                       34    Jim Ross Lightfoot
06       35    Mike D. Earll                    34    Fred Grandy       


                                  KANSAS

01       35    Duane West                       34    Pat Roberts    
02       33    Jim Slattery                     36    Scott Morgan   
03       35    Leroy Jones                      34    Jan Meyers   
04       33    Dan Glickman                     36    Roger M. Grund    
05       31    George D. Wingert                32    Dick Nichols 


                                 KENTUCKY

01       33    Carroll Hubbard, Jr.                                
02       33    William H. Natcher               36    Martin A. Tori     
03       33    Romano L. Mazzoli                36    Al Brown
04       35    Galen Martin                     34    Jim Bunning      
05                                              34    Harold Rogers      
06                                              34    Larry J. Hopkins
07       33    Carl C. Perkins                  36    William T. 'Will' Scott



                                 LOUISIANA

01                                              34    Bob Livingston     
02       31    William J. Jefferson 
         31    Marc H. Morial
03       33    W.J. 'Billy' Tauzin                                 
04                                              34    Jim McCrery        
05       33    Jerry Huckaby
06                                              34    Richard H. Baker   
07       33    Jimmy Hayes
08                                              34    Clyde C. Holloway  
     

                                   MAINE

01       31    Thomas H. Andrews                32    David F. Emery
02       35    Patrick K. McGowan               34    Olympia J. Snowe   
     

                                 MARYLAND

01       33    Roy Dyson                        36    Wayne T. Gilchrest 
02       35    Ronald P. Bowers                 34    Helen Delich Bentley
03       33    Benjamin L. Cardin               36    Harwood Nichols    
04       33    Tom McMillen                     36    Robert P. Duckworth 
05       33    Steny H. Hoyer                   36    Lee F. Breuer
06       33    Beverly B. Byron                 36    Christopher P. Fiotes
07       33    Kweisi Mfume                     36    Kenneth Kondner 
08       35    James Walker, Jr.                34    Constance A. Morella 
   

                               MASSACHUSETTS

01       35    John R. Arden                    34    Silvio O. Conte    
02       33    Richard E. Neal
03       33    Joseph D. Early                                     
04       33    Barney Frank                     36    John R. Soto       
05       33    Chester G. Atkins                36    John F. MacGovern
06       33    Nicholas Mavroules               36    Edgar L. Kelley
07       33    Edward J. Markey                                    
08       33    Joseph P. Kennedy II             36    Glenn W. Fiscus    
09       33    Joe Moakley
10       33    Gerry E. Studds                  36    Jon L. Bryan
11       33    Brian Donnelly



                                 MICHIGAN

01       33    John Conyers, Jr.                36    Ray Shoulders      
02       35    Elmer White                      34    Carl D. Pursell
03       33    Howard Wolpe                     36    Brad Haskins 
04       35    JoAnne McFarland                 34    Fred Upton 
05       35    Thomas Trzybinski                34    Paul B. Henry 
06       33    Bob Carr                                            
07       33    Dale E. Kildee                   36    David J. Morrill   
08       33    Bob Traxler                      36    James White
09       35    Geraldine Greene                 34    Guy Vander Jagt    
10       31    Joan Louise Dennison             32    Dave Camp
11       35    Marcia Gould                     34    Robert W. Davis
12       33    David E. Bonior                  36    Jim Dingeman
13       31    Barbara-Rose Collins             32    Carl R. Edwards
14       33    Dennis M. Hertel                 36    Kenneth C. McNealy 
15       33    William D. Ford                  36    Burl C. Adkins
16       33    John D. Dingell                  36    Frank Beaumont
17       33    Sander M. Levin                  36    Blaine L. Lankford
18       35    Walter O. Briggs IV              34    William S. Broomfield


                                 MINNESOTA

01       33    Timothy J. Penny                 36    Doug Andersen    
02       35    Jim Stone                        34    Vin Weber 
03       31    Lewis DeMars                     32    Jim Ramstad
04       33    Bruce F. Vento                   36    Ian Maitland 
05       33    Martin Olav Sabo                 36  Raymond 'Buzz' Gilbertson
06       33    Gerry Sikorski                   36    Bruce D. Anderson  
07       35    Collin C. Peterson               34    Arlan Stangeland
08       33    James L. Oberstar                36    Jerry Shuster
   


                                MISSISSIPPI

01       33    Jamie L. Whitten                 36    Bill Bowlin 
02       33    Mike Espy                        36    Dorothy Benford    
03       33    G.V. 'Sonny' Montgomery
04       33    Mike Parker                      36    Jerry 'Rev' Parks  
05       33    Gene Taylor                      36    Sheila Smith


                                 MISSOURI

01       33    William L. 'Bill' Clay           36    Wayne G. Piotrowski 
02       35    Joan Kelly Horn                  34    Jack Buechner
03       33    Richard A. Gephardt              36    Malcolm L. Holekamp 
04       33    Ike Skelton                      36    David Eyerly
05       33    Alan Wheat                       36    Robert H. Gardner  
06       35    Bob McClure                      34    E. Thomas Coleman
07       35    Thomas Patrick Deaton            34    Mel Hancock        
08       35    Russ Carnahan                    34    Bill Emerson
09       33    Harold L. Volkmer                36    Don Curtis 


                                  MONTANA

01       33    Pat Williams                     36    Brad Johnson       
02       35    Don Burris                       34    Ron Marlenee


                                 NEBRASKA

01       35    Larry Hall                       34    Doug Bereuter      
02       33    Peter Hoagland                   36    Ally Milder
03       31    Sandra K. Scofield               32    Bill Barett


                                  NEVADA

01       33    James Bilbray                    36    Bob Dickinson      
02       35    Jane Wisdom                      34    Barbara F. Vucanovich


                               NEW HAMPSHIRE

01       31    Joseph F. Keefe                  32    Joseph F. Keefe    
02       35    Dick Swett                       34    Chuck Douglas
     


                                NEW JERSEY

01       31    Robert E. Andrews                32    Daniel J. Mangini  
02       33    William J. Hughes
03       33    Frank Pallone Jr.                36    Paul A. Kapalko    
04       35    Mark Setaro                      34    Christopher H. Smith
05       35    Lawrence Wayne Olsen             34    Marge Roukema     
06       33    Bernard J. Dwyer                 36    Paul Danielczyk
07       35    Bruce H. Bergen                  34    Matthew J. Rinaldo
08       33    Robert A. Roe                                       
09       33    Robert G. Torricelli             36    Peter J. Russo     
10       33    Donald M. Payne                  36    Howard E. Berkeley
11       35    Michael Gordon                   34    Dean A. Gallo
12       31    Marguerite Chandler              32    Dick Zimmer      
13       35    John H. Adler                    34    H. James Saxton    
14       33    Frank J. Guarini                 36    Fred J. Theemling, Jr.


                                NEW MEXICO

01       35    Rebecca Vigil-Giron              34    Steven H. Schiff   
02                                              34    Joe Skeen
03       33    Bill Richardson                  36    Phil T. Archuletta 
     


                                 NEW YORK

01       33    George J. Hochbrueckner          36    Francis W. Creighton 
02       33    Thomas J. Downey                 36    John W. Bugler
03       33    Robert J. Mrazek                 36    Robert Previdi     
04       35    Francis T. Goban                 34    Norman F. Lent
05       35    Mark S. Epstein                  34    Raymond J. McGrath 
06       33    Floyd H. Flake                   36    William Sampol
07       33    Gary L. Ackerman        
08       33    James H. Scheuer                 36    Gustave Reifenkugel 
09       33    Thomas J. Manton                 36    Ann Pfoser Darby
10       33    Charles E. Schumer               36    Patrick J. Kinsella
11       33    Ed Towns
12       33    Major R. Owens                                      
13       33    Stephen J. Solarz                36    Edwin Ramos        
14       35    Anthony J. Pocchia               34    Susan Molinari
15       35    Frances L. Reiter                34    Bill Green       
16       33    Charles B. Rangel       
17       33    Ted Weiss                        36    William W. Koeppel 
18       33    Jose E. Serrano                  36    Joseph Chiavaro
19       33    Eliot L. Engel                   36    William J. Gouldman
20       33    Nita M. Lowey                    36    Glenn D. Belitto
21       35    Richard L. Barbuto               34    Hamilton Fish, Jr. 
22       35    John G. Dow                      34    Benjamin A. Gilman
23       33    Michael R. McNulty               36    Margaret B. Buhrmaster
24       35    Bob Lawrence                     34    Gerald B.H. Solomon 
25                                              34    Sherwood Boehlert
26                                              34    David O'B. Martin  
27       35    Peggy L. Murray                  34    James T. Walsh
28       33    Matthew F. McHugh                36    Seymour Krieger 
29       35    Alton F. Eber                    34    Frank Horton 
30       33    Louise M. Slaughter              36    John M. Regan, Jr. 
31       35    Kevin P. Gaughan                 34    Bill Paxon
32       33    John J. LaFalce                  36    Michael T. Waring  
33       33    Henry J. Nowak                   36    Thomas K. Kepfer
34       35    Joseph P. Leahey                 34    Amo Houghton      


                              NORTH CAROLINA

01       33    Walter B. Jones                  36    Howard D. Moye     
02       33    Tim Valentine                    36    Hal C. Sharpe
03       33    H. Martin Lancaster              36    Don Davis          
04       33    David E. Price                   36    John Carrington
05       33    Stephen L. Neal                  36    Ken Bell           
06       35    Helen R. Allegrone               34    Howard Coble
07       33    Charlie Rose                     36    Robert C. Anderson 
08       33    W.G. 'Bill' Hefner               36    Ted Blanton
09       35    David P. McKnight                34    Alex McMillan
10       35    Daniel R. Green Jr.              34    Cass Ballenger
11       33    James McClure Clarke             36    Charles H. Taylor  
  

                               NORTH DAKOTA

01       33    Byron L. Dorgan                  36    Edward T. Schafer  
     

                                    OHIO

01       31    Charles Luken                    32    J. Kenneth Blackwell 
02       35    Tyrone K. Yates                  34    Bill Gradison
03       33    Tony P. Hall                                        
04       35    Thomas E. Burkhart               34    Michael G. Oxley   
05       35    P. Scott Mange                   34    Paul E. Gillmor
06       35    Ray Mitchell                     34    Bob McEwen         
07       31    Jack Schira                      32    David L. Hobson    
08       31    Gregory V. Jolivette             32    John A. Boehner
09       33    Marcy Kaptur                     36    Jerry D. Lammers   
10       35    John M. Buchanan                 34    Clarence E. Miller
11       33    Dennis E. Eckart                 36    Margaret R. Mueller
12       35    Mike Gelpi                       34    John R. Kasich     
13       33    Don J. Pease                     36    William D. Nielsen
14       33    Thomas C. Sawyer                 36    Jean E. Bender     
15       35    Thomas V. Erney                  34    Chalmers P. Wylie
16       35    Warner D. Mendenhall             34    Ralph Regula
17       33    James A. Traficant, Jr.          36    Robert R. DeJulio, Jr.
18       33    Doug Applegate                   36    John A. Hales      
19       33    Edward F. Feighan                36    Susan M. Lawko
20       33    Mary Rose Oakar                  36    Bill Smith         
21       33    Louis Stokes                     36    Franklin H. Roski


                                 OKLAHOMA

01       35    Kurt G. Glassco                  34    James M. Inhofe    
02       33    Mike Synar                       36    Terry M. Gorham
03       31    Bill Brewster                    32    Patrick K. Miller
04       33    Dave McCurdy                     36    Howard Bell      
05       35    Bryce Baggett                    34    Mickey Edwards     
06       33    Glenn English                    36    Robert Burns


                                  OREGON

01       33    Les AuCoin                       36    Earl Molander      
02       35    Jim Smiley                       34    Bob Smith
03       33    Ron Wyden                        36    Philip E. Mooney   
04       33    Peter A. DeFazio
05       35    Mike Kopetski                    34    Denny Smith        
     


                               PENNSYLVANIA

01       33    Thomas M. Foglietta              36    James Love Jackson 
02       33    William H. Gray III              36    Donald Bakove
03       33    Robert A. Borski                 36    Joseph Marc McColgan 
04       33    Joe Kolter                       36    Gordon R. Johnston
05       35    Samuel C. Stretton               34    Richard T. Schulze 
06       33    Gus Yatron                       36    John F. Hicks
07       35    John Innelli                     34    Curt Weldon       
08       33    Peter H. Kostmayer               36    Audrie Zettick Schaller
09                                              34    Bud Shuster  
10                                              34    Joseph M. McDade   
11       33    Paul E. Kanjorski
12       33    John P. Murtha                   36    Willeam Choby      
13       35    Bernard Tomkin                   34    Lawrence Coughlin
14       33    William J. Coyne                 36  Richard Edward Caligiuri
15       35    Richard J. Orloski               34    Don Ritter  
16       35    Ernest Eric Guyll                34    Robert S. Walker   
17                                              34    George W. Gekas
18       33    Doug Walgren                     36    Rick Santorum
19                                              34    Bill Goodling
20       33    Joseph M. Gaydos                 36    Robert C. Lee      
21                                              34    Tom Ridge
22       33    Austin J. Murphy                 36    Suzanne Hayden     
23       35    Daniel J. Shannon                34    William F. Clinger, Jr.


                               RHODE ISLAND

01       35    Scott Wolf                       34    Ronald K. Machtley 
02       31    John F. Reed                     32   Gertrude M. "Trudy" Coxe


                              SOUTH CAROLINA

01       35    Eugene Platt                     34    Arthur Ravenel Jr. 
02                                              34    Floyd D. Spence
03       33    Butler Derrick                   36    Ray Haskett      
04       33    Liz J. Patterson                 36    Terry E. Haskins 
05       33    John M. Spratt Jr.        
06       33    Robin Tallon                                        


                               SOUTH DAKOTA

01       33    Tim Johnson                      36    Don Frankenfeld    
     


                                 TENNESSEE

01                                              34    James H. Quillen   
02                                              34    John 'Jimmy' Duncan, Jr.
03       33    Marilyn Lloyd                    36    Grady L. Rhoden    
04       33    Jim Cooper                       36   Claiborne 'Clay' Sanders
05       33    Bob Clement         
06       33    Bart Gordon                      36    Gregory Cochran    
07       35    Ken Bloodworth                   34    Don Sundquist
08       33    John Tanner         
09       33    Harold E. Ford                   36    Aaron C. Davis     
     

                                   TEXAS

01       33    Jim Chapman                      36    Hamp Hodges        
02       33    Charles Wilson                   36    Donna Peterson
03                                              34    Steve Bartlett     
04       33    Ralph M. Hall
05       33    John Bryant                      36    Jerry D. Rucker    
06       35    John E. Welch                    34    Joe L. Barton
07                                              34    Bill Archer        
08                                              34    Jack Fields
09       33    Jack Brooks                      36    Maury Meyers      
10       33    J.J. 'Jake' Pickle               36    David Beilharz     
11       31    Chet Edwards                     32    Hugh D. Shine
12       33    Pete Geren                       36    Mike McGinn 
13       33    Bill Sarpalius                   36    Dick Waterfield    
14       33    Greg Laughlin                    36    Joe Dial
15       33    E. 'Kika' De La Garza
16       33    Ronald D. Coleman                                   
17       33    Charles W. Stenholm                                 
18       33    Craig Washington                                    
19                                              34    Larry Combest      
20       33    Henry B. Gonzalez
21       35    Kirby J. Roberts                 34    Lamar Smith        
22       35    Bruce Director                   34    Tom DeLay
23       33    Albert G. Bustamante             36 Jerome L.'Jerry' Gonzales
24       33    Martin Frost       
25       33    Michael A. Andrews                                  
26       35    John Wayne Caton                 34    Dick Armey         
27       33    Solomon P. Ortiz


                                   UTAH

01       35    Kenley Brunsdale                 34    James V. Hansen    
02       33    Wayne Owens                      36    Genevieve Atwood
03       31    Bill Orton                       32    Karl Snow
   

                                  VERMONT

01       30    Bernard Sanders (Independent)    34    Peter Smith        
     


                                 VIRGINIA

01       35    Andrew H. 'Andy' Fox             34    Herbert H. Bateman 
02       33    Owen B. Pickett
03       35    Jay Starke                       34    Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.
04       33    Norman Sisisky  
05       33    Lewis F. Payne, Jr.                                 
06       33    James R. 'Jim' Olin                                 
07       35    David M. Smith                   34    D. French Slaughter, Jr.
08       35    James P. Moran, Jr.              34  Stanford E. 'Stan' Parris
09       33    Rick Boucher      
10       35    N. MacKenzie Canter III          34    Frank R. Wolf      
     

                                WASHINGTON

01       35    Cynthia Sullivan                 34    John Miller        
02       33    Al Swift                         36    Doug Smith
03       33    Jolene Unsoeld                   36    Bob Williams      
04       35    Ole Hougen                       34    Sid Morrison      
05       33    Thomas S. Foley                  36    Marlyn A. Derby  
06       33    Norm Dicks                       36    Norbert Mueller  
07       33    Jim McDermott                    36    Larry Penberthy 
08       35    David E. Giles                   34    Rod Chandler   


                               WEST VIRGINIA

01       33    Alan B. Mollohan                 36    Howard K. Tuck     
02       33    Harley O. Staggers Jr.           36    Oliver Luck
03       33    Bob Wise              
04       33    Nick J. Rahall II                36    Marianne R. Brewster 
   

                                 WISCONSIN

01       33    Les Aspin                                           
02       33    Robert W. Kastenmeier            36    Scott L. Klug 
03       35    James L. Ziegeweid               34    Steve Gunderson 
04       33    Gerald D. Kleczka                36    Joseph L. Cook 
05       33    Jim Moody                        36   Donald Arnel Hammersmith
06                                              34    Thomas E. Petri    
07       33    David R. Obey                    36    John L. McEwen
08       35    Jerome Van Sistine               34    Toby Roth
09                                              34  F. James Sensenbrenner Jr


                                  WYOMING

01       35    Pete Maxfield                    34    Craig Thomas       
     

                              U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATES - 1992 


              DEMOCRAT                                      REPUBLICAN
CD    #       NAME                                    #     NAME

                                         ALABAMA

01     35     William A. Brewer                       34     Sonny Callahan 
02     31     George C. Wallace, Jr.                  32     Terry Everett 
03     33     Glenn Browder                           36     Don Sledge  
04     33     Tom Bevill                              36    Mickey Strickland
05     31     Bud Cramer                              32     Terry Smith      
06     33     Ben Erdreich                            36     Spencer Bachus
07     31     Earl F. Hilliard                        32     Kervin Jones     

                                         ALASKA

01     35     John S. Devens                          34     Don Young         
      

                                         ARIZONA

01     35     Sam Coppersmith                         34     John J. Rhodes
III
02     33     Ed Pastor                               36     Don Shooter 
03     35     Roger Hartstone                         34     Bob Stump        
04     35     Walter Mybeck II                        34     Jon Kyl          
05     35     Jim Toevs                               34     Jim Kolbe    
06     31     Karan English                           32     Doug Wead

                                        ARKANSAS

01     31     Blanche Lambert                         32     Terry Hayes  
02     33     Ray Thornton                            36     Dennis Scott
03     31     John VanWinkle                          32     Tim Hutchinson  
04     31     W.J. "Bill" McCuen                      32     Jay Dickey        
      

                                       CALIFORNIA

01     35     Dan Hamburg                             34     Frank Riggs       
02     35     Elliot Roy Freedman                     34     Wally Herger      
03     33     Vic Fazio                               36     H.L. Richardson
04     35     Patricia Malberg                        34    John T. Doolittle
05     33     Robert T. Matsui                        36   Robert S. Dinsmore
06     31     Lynn Woolsey                            32     Bill Filante 
07     33     George Miller                           36     Dave Scholl    
08     33     Nancy Pelosi                            36     Mark Wolin       
09     33     Ronald V. Dellums                       36    G. William Hunter
10     31     Wendell H. Williams                     32     Bill Baker   
11     31     Patricia Garamendi                      32     Richard W. Pombo
12     33     Tom Lantos                              36     Jim Tomlin   
13     33     Pete Stark                              36     Verne Teyler      
14     31     Anna G. Eshoo                           32     Tom Huening      
15     33     Norman Y. Mineta                        36     Robert Wick  
16     33     DdDon Edwards                           36     Ted Bundesen  
17     33     Leon Panetta                            36     Bill McCampbell  
18     33     Gary Condit                                         
19     33     Richard H. Lehman                       36     Tal L. Cloud   
20     33     Calvin Dooley                           36     Ed Hunt      
21     35     Deborah A. Vollmer                      34     Bill Thomas    
22     31     Gloria Ochoa                            32   Michael Huffington
23     35     Anita Perez Ferguson                    34     Elton Gallegly
24     33     Anthony C. Beilenson                    36     Tom McClintock  
25     31     James H. "Gil" Gilmartin                32     Howard P. McKeon
26     33     Howard L. Berman                        36     Gary Forsch    
27     35     Doug Kahn                               34   Carlos J. Moorhead 
28     35     Al Wachtel                              34     David Dreier     
29     33     Henry A. Waxman                         36     Mark A. Robbins
30     31     Xavier Becerra                          32     Morry Waksberg    
31     33     Matthew G. Martinez                     36     Reuben D. Franco 
32     33     Julian C. Dixon                                                
33     31     Lucille Roybal-Allard                   32     Robert Guzman
34     33     Esteban E. Torres                       36   J. "Jay" Hernandez 
35     33     Maxine Waters                           36     Nate Truman
36     31     Jane Harman                             32    Joan Milke Flores 
37     31     Walter R. Tucker                        32     B. Kwaku Duren    
38     31     Evan Anderson Braude                    32     Steve Horn       
39     31     Molly McClanahan                        32     Ed Royce 
40     35     Donald M. Rusk                          34     Jerry Lewis       
41     31     Bob Baker                               32     Jay C. Kim  
42     33     George E. Brown, Jr.                    36     Dick Rutan        
43     31     Mark Takano                             32     Ken Calvert
44     35     Georgia Smith                           34     Al McCandless 
45     35     Patricia McCabe                         34     Dana Rohrabacher 
46     35     Robert John Banuelos                    34     Robert K. Dornan
47     35     John F. Anwiler                         34   C. Christopher Cox
48     35     Michael Farber                          34     Ron Packard
49     31     Lynn Schenk                             32     Judy Jarvis
50     31     Bob Filner                              32     Tony Valencia
51     35     Bea Herbert                             34     Randy Cunningham
52     31     Janet M. Gastil                         32     Duncan Hunter


                                        COLORADO

01     33     Patricia Schroeder                      36     Raymond Diaz
Aragon
02     33     David E. Skaggs                         36     Brian Day   
03     31     Mike Callihan                           32     Scott McInnis  
04     35     Tom Reddar                              34     Wayne Allard
05     35     Charles A. Oriez                        34     Joel Hefley       
06     35     Tom Kolbe                               34     Dan Schaefer  

                                       CONNECTICUT

01     33     Barbara B. Kennelly                     36     Philip L. Steele  
02     33     Sam Gejdenson                           36    Edward M. Munster
03     31     Rosa DeLauro                            32     Thomas Scott      
04     35     Dave Schropfer                          34    Christopher Shays 
05     35     James J. Lawlor                         34     Gary Franks       
06     35     Eugene F. Slason                        34     Nancy L. Johnson 


                                        DELAWARE

01     31     S.B. Woo                                32    Michael N. Castle 



                                         FLORIDA

01     33     Earl Hutto                              36     Terry Ketchel
02     33     Pete Peterson                           36     Ray Wagner        
03     31     Corrine Brown                           32     Don Weidner  
04     31     Mattox Hair                             32     Tillie Fowler  
05     31     Karen L. Thurman                        32     Tom Hogan     
06     35     Phil Denton                             34     Cliff Stearns    
07     31     Dan Webster                             32     John L. Mica   
08     35     Chuck Kovaleski                         34     Bill McCollum  
09     35     Cheryl Davis Knapp                      34    Michael Bilirakis
10     35     Karen Moffitt                           34     C.W. Bill Young   
11     33     Sam M. Gibbons                          36     Mark Sharpe    
12     31     Tom Mims                                32    Charles T. Canady
13     31     Rand Snell                              32     Dan Miller    
14                                                    34     Porter J. Goss
15     33     Jim Bacchus                             34     Bill Tolley  
16     35     John P. Comerford                       35     Tom Lewis
17     31     Carrie Meek                                                
18     35     Magda Montiel Davis                     34  Ileana Ros-Lehtinen 
19     33     Harry A. Johnston                       36     Larry Metz 
20     31     Peter Deutsch                           32     Beverly Kennedy
21                                                    32  Lincoln Diaz-Balart
22     35     Gwen Margolis                           34    E. Clay Shaw, Jr.
23     31     Alcee L. Hastings                       32     Ed Fielding


                                         GEORGIA

01     31     Barbara Christmas                       32     Jack Kingston 
02     31     Sanford Bishop                          32     Jim Dudley 
03     33     Richard Ray                             36     Mac Collins
04     31     Cathey Steinberg                        32     John Linder      
05     33     John Lewis                              36     Paul R. Stabler   
06     35     Tony Center                             34     Newt Gingrich 
07     33     George 'Buddy' Darden                   36     Al Beverly       
08     33     J. Roy Rowland                          36 Robert F. Cunningham
09     31     Nathan Deal                             32     Daniel Becker
10     31     Don Johnson                             32     Ralph Hudgens
11     31     Cynthia McKinney                        32     Woodrow Lovett


                                         HAWAII

01     33     Neil Abercrombie                        36   Warner Kimo Sutton
02     33     Patsy T. Mink                           36     Kamuela Price


                                          IDAHO

01     33     Larry LaRocco                           36    Rachel S. Gilbert
02     31     J.D. Williams                           32     Michael D. Crapo  
   


                                        ILLINOIS

01     31     Bobby L. Rush                           32     Jay Walker   
02     31     Mel Reynolds                            32     Ron Blackstone
03     33     William O. Lipinski                     36    Harry C. Lepinske 
04     31     Luis V. Gutierrez                       32     Hild. Rodriguez-
                                                                Schieman
05     33     Dan Rostenkowski                        36     Elias R. Zenkich
06     35     Barry W. Watkins                        34     Henry J. Hyde
07     33     Cardiss Collins                         36     Norman G. Boccio
08     35     Sheilla A. Smith                        34     Philip M. Crane
09     33     Sidney R. Yates                         36     Herbert Sohn      
10     35     Michael J. Kennedy                      34     John Porter    
11     33     George Sangmeister                      36 Robert Herbolsheimer
12     33     Jerry F. Costello                       36     Mike Starr        
13     35     Dennis Michael Temple                   34     Harris W. Fawell
14     35     Jonathan Abram Reich                    34     Dennis Hastert 
15     35     Charles D. Mattis                       34     Thomas W. Ewing
16     33     John W. Cox, Jr.                        36     Donald Manzullo
17     33     Lane Evans                              36     Ken Schloemer     
18     35     Ronald C. Hawkins                       34     Robert H. Michel
19     33     Glenn Poshard                           36     Douglas E. Lee 
20     33     Richard J. Durbin                       36     John M. Shimkus


                                         INDIANA

01     33     Peter J. Visclosky                      36     David J. Vucich
02     33     Philip R. Sharp                         36   William G. Frazier
03     33     Timothy J. 'Tim' Roemer                 36     Carl H. Baxmeyer
04     33     Jill Long                               36   Charles W. Pierson
05     33     Jim Jontz                               36     Steve Beyer
06     35     Natalie M. Bruner                       34     Dan Burton
07     35     Ellen E. Wedum                          34     John T. Myers
08     33     Frank McCloskey                         36  Richard E. Mourdock
09     33     Lee H. Hamilton                         36    Michael E. Bailey 
10     33     Andrew Jacobs Jr.                       36     Janos Horvath


                                          IOWA

01     35     Jan J. Zonneveld                        34     Jim Leach         
02     33     Dave Nagle                              34     Jim Nussle 
03     35     Elaine Baxter                           34   Jim Ross Lightfoot
04     33     Neal Smith                              36     Paul Lunde
05                                                    34     Fred Grandy  


                                         KANSAS

01     35     Duane West                              34     Pat Roberts    
02     33     Jim Slattery                            36     Jim Van Slyke  
03     35     Tom Love                                34     Jan Meyers   
04     33     Dan Glickman                            36     Eric R. Yost


                                        KENTUCKY

01     31     Tom Barlow                              32     Steve Hamrick
02     33     William H. Natcher                      36     Bruce R. Bartley  
03     33     Romano L. Mazzoli                       36     Susan B. Stokes
04     35     Dr. Floyd G. Poore                      34     Jim Bunning      
05     35     John Doug Hays                          34     Harold Rogers     
06     31     Scotty Baesler                          32  Charles W. Ellinger


                                        LOUISIANA

01                                                    34     Bob Livingston    
02     31     William J. Jefferson 
03     33     W.J. 'Billy' Tauzin                                 
04     31     Cleo Fields
05     33     Jerry Huckaby                           34     Jim McCrery
06                                                    34     Richard H. Baker
                                                      34    Clyde C. Holloway


                                          MAINE

01     33     Thomas H. Andrews                       32     Linda Bean 
02     35     Patrick K. McGowan                      34     Olympia J. Snowe  
      

                                        MARYLAND

01     33     Tom McMillen                            34   Wayne T. Gilchrest 
02     35     Michael C. Hickey, Jr.                  34 Helen Delich Bentley
03     33     Benjamin L. Cardin                      36 William T.S. Bricker
04     31     Albert R. Wynn                          32     Michele Dyson
05     33     Steny H. Hoyer                          36    Lawrence J. Hogan 
06     31     Thomas H. Hattery                       32   Roscoe G. Bartlett
07     33     Kweisi Mfume                            36     Kenneth Kondner 
08     35     Edward J. Hefferman                     34 Constance A. Morella 
   

                                      MASSACHUSETTS

01     33     John W. Olver                           36     Patrick Larkin  
02     33     Richard E. Neal                         36    Anthony W. Ravosa 
03     33     Joseph D. Early                         36     Peter I. Blute
04     33     Barney Frank                            36  Edward J. McCormick
05     33     Martin T. Meehan                        36     Paul W. Cronin
06     33     Nicholas Mavroules                      36  Peter G. Torkildsen
07     33     Edward J. Markey                        36     Stephen A. Sohn
08     33     Joseph P. Kennedy II  
09     33     Joe Moakley                             36     Martin D. Conboy
10     33     Gerry E. Studds                         36     Daniel W. Daly 


                                        MICHIGAN

01     31     Bart Supak                              32     Philip E. Ruppe
02     31     John H. Miltner                         32     Peter Hoekstra 
03     35     Carol Kooistraa                         34     Paul B. Henry
04     35     Lisa A. Donaldson                       34     Dave Camp  
05     31     James A. Barcia                         32     Keith Muxlow  
06     35     Andy Davis                              34     Fred Upton
07                                                    32     Nick Smith  
08     33     Bob Carr                                36     Dick Chrysler
09     33     Dale E. Kildee                          36     Megan O'Neil  
10     33     David E. Bonior                         36     Douglas Carl
11     31     Walter Briggs                           32     Joe Knollenberg
12     33     Sander M. Levin                         36     John Pappageorge
13     33     William D. Ford                         36     R. Robert Geake
14     33     John Conyers, Jr.                       36     John W. Gordon 
15     33     Barbara-Rose Collins                    36   Charles C. Vincent
16     33     John D. Dingell                         36     Frank Beaumont    
   


                                        MINNESOTA

01     33     Timothy J. Penny                        36  Timothy R. Droogsma
02     31     David Minge                             32     Cal R. Ludeman
03     35     Paul Mandell                            34     Jim Ramstad
04     33     Bruce F. Vento                          36     Ian Maitland 
05     33     Martin Olav Sabo                        36  Stephen A. Moriarty
06     33     Gerry Sikorski                          36     Rod Grams 
07     33     Collin C. Peterson                      36     Bernie Omann  
08     33     James L. Oberstar                       36     Phil Herwig


                                       MISSISSIPPI

01     33     Jamie L. Whitten                        36    Clyde E. Whitaker
02     33     Mike Espy                               36     Dorothy Benford   
03     33     G.V. 'Sonny' Montgomery                 36  Michael E. Williams
04     33     Mike Parker                             36     Jack L. McMillan 
05     33     Gene Taylor                             36     Paul Harvey  


                                        MISSOURI

01     33     William L. 'Bill' Clay                  36 Arthur S. Montgomery
02     33     Joan Kelly Horn                         36     James M. Talent
03     33     Richard A. Gephardt                     36  Malcolm L. Holekamp 
04     33     Ike Skelton                             36     Ike Skelton
05     33     Alan Wheat                              36 Edward "Gomer" Moody
06     35     Pat Danner                              34    E. Thomas Coleman 
07     35     Thomas Patrick Deaton                   34     Mel Hancock       
08     35     Thad Bullock                            34     Bill Emerson
09     33     Harold L. Volkmer                       36     Rick Hardy 


                                         MONTANA

01     33     Pat Williams                            34     Ron Marlenee


                                        NEBRASKA

01     35     Gerry Finnegan                          34     Doug Bereuter     
02     33     Peter Hoagland                          36   Ronald Staskiewicz
03     35     Lowell Fisher                           34     Bill Barett


                                         NEVADA

01     33     James Bilbray                           36     J. Coy Pettyjohn  
02     35     Pete Sferrazza                          34   Barbara Vucanovich


                                      NEW HAMPSHIRE

01     35     Joseph F. Keefe                         34     Bill Zeliff
02     35     Dick Swett                              34     Bill Hatch


                                       NEW JERSEY

01     33     Robert E. Andrews                       36     Lee A. Solomon
02     33     William J. Hughes                       36    Frank A. LoBiondo
03     35     Timothy E. Ryan                         34     H. James Saxton 
04     35     Brian M. Hughes                         34 Christopher H. Smith
05     35     Frank R. Lucas                          34     Marge Roukema     
06     33     Frank Pallone, Jr.                      36   Joseph M. Kyrillos
07     35     Leonard R. Sendelsky                    34     Bob Franks
08     33     Herbert C. Klein                        36     Joseph L. Bubba
09     33     Robert G. Torricelli                    36     Patrick J. Roma
10     33     Donald M. Payne                         36    Alfred D. Palermo
11     35     Ona Spiridellis                         34     Dean A. Gallo
12     35     Frank G. Abate                          34     Dick Zimmer      
13     31     Robert Menendez                         32    Fred J. Theemling 


                                       NEW MEXICO

01     35     Robert J. Aragon                        34     Steven H. Schiff  
02     35     Dan Sosa, Jr.                           34     Joe Skeen 
03     33     Bill Richardson                         36  F. Gregg Bemis, Jr.


                                        NEW YORK

01     33     George J. Hochbrueckner                 36    Edward P. Romaine
02     33     Thomas J. Downey                        36     Rick A. Lazio
03     31     Steve A. Orlins                         32     Peter C. King 
04     31     Philip Schiliro                         32   Vincent Garbitelli
05     33     Gary L. Ackerman                        36     Allen E. Binder
06     33     Floyd H. Flake                          36   Dianand Bhagwandin
07     33     Thomas J. Manton                        36     Dennis C. Shea
08     31     Jerrold Nadler                          32     David L. Askren
09     33     Charles E. Schumer                      36     Alice E. Gaffney 
10     33     Edolphus Towns                          36     Owen Augustin
11     33     Major R. Owens                          36     Michael Gaffney
12     31     Nydia M. Velazquez                      32     Angel Diaz
13     35     Sal F. Albanese                         34     Susan Molinari
14     35     Carolyn B. Maloney                      34     Bill Green 
15     33     Charles B. Rangel       
16     33     Jose E. Serrano                         36     Michael Walters
17     33     Eliot L. Engel                          36     Martin Richman 
18     33     Nita M. Lowey                           36  Joseph J. DioGuardi
19     35     Neil McCarthy                           34    Hamilton Fish Jr.
20     35     Jonathan L. Levine                      34   Benjamin A. Gilman
21     33     Michael R. McNulty                      36     Nancy Norman
22     35     David Roberts                           34  Gerald B.H. Solomon
23     35     Paula DiPerna                           34    Sherwood Boehlert
24     31     Margaret M. Ravenscroft                 32     John M. McHugh
25     35     Rhea Jezer                              34     James T. Walsh 
26     31     Maurice D. Hinchey                      32     Bob Moppert 
27     35     W. Douglas Call                         34     Bill Paxon
28     33     Louise M. Slaughter                     36    William P. Polito
29     33     John LaFalce                            36    William E. Miller 
30     31     Dennis Gorski                           32     Jack Quinn 
31     35     Joseph P. Leahey                        34     Amo Houghton      


                                     NORTH CAROLINA

01     31     Eva Clayton                             32     Ted Tyler     
02     33     Tim Valentine                           36     Don Davis
03     33     H. Martin Lancaster                     36     Tommy Pollard 
04     33     David E. Price                          36     Virginia 
                                                             Rothrock Goudie
05     33     Stephen L. Neal                         36     Richard M. Burr 
06     35     Robin Hood                              34     Howard Coble 
07     33     Charlie Rose                            36     Robert C.
Anderson 
08     33     W.G. 'Bill' Hefner                      36     Coy C. Privette
09     35     Rory Blake                              34     Alex McMillan 
10     35     Ben Neill                               34     Cass Ballenger 
11     35     John S. Stevens                         34    Charles H. Taylor 


                                      NORTH DAKOTA

01     31     Earl Pomeroy                            32     John T. Korsmo 


                                          OHIO

01     31     David Mann                              32     Steve Grote 
02     35     Thomas R. Chandler                      34     Bill Gradison 
03     33     Tony P. Hall                            36     Peter W. Davis
04     35     Raymond M. Ball                         34     Michael G. Oxley  
05                                                    34     Paul E. Gillmor 
06     35     Ted Strickland                          34     Bob McEwen        
07     35     Clifford S. Heskett                     34     David L. Hobson   
08     35     Fred Sennet                             34     John A. Boehner
09     33     Marcy Kaptur                            36     Ken D. Brown  
10     33     Mary Rose Oakar                         36     Martin R. Hoke
11     33     Louis Stokes                            36  Beryl E. Rothschild
12     35     Bob Fitrakis                            34     John R. Kasich    
13     31     Sherrod Brown                           32  Margaret R. Mueller
14     33     Thomas C. Sawyer                        36     Robert Morgan 
15     31     Richard Cordray                         32     Deborah Price 
16     35     Warner D. Mendenhall                    34     Ralph Regula
17     33     James A. Traficant, Jr.                 36    Salvatore Pansino
18     33     Doug Applegate                          36     Bill Ress 
19     31     Eric D. Fingerhut                       32    Robert A. Gardner


                                        OKLAHOMA

01     35     John Selph                              34     James M. Inhofe   
02     33     Mike Synar                              36     Jerry Hill 
03     33     Bill Brewster                           36     Robert W. Stokes
04     33     Dave McCurdy                            36     Howard Bell      
05     31     Laurie Williams                         32    Ernest Jim Istook
06     33     Glenn English                           36     Bob Anthony 

 
                                         OREGON

01     31     Elizabeth Furse                         32     Tony Meeker 
02     35     Denzel Ferguson                         34     Bob Smith
03     33     Ron Wyden                               36     Al Ritter 
04     33     Peter A. DeFazio                        36    Richard L. Schulz
05     33     Mike Kopetski                           36     Jim Seagraves 


                                      PENNSYLVANIA

01     33     Thomas M. Foglietta                     36     Craig Snyder
02     33     Lucien E. Blackwell                     36     Larry Hollin
03     33     Robert A. Borski                        36 Charles F. Dougherty
04     31     Ron Klink                               32   Gordon R. Johnston
05                                                    34   William F. Clinger
06     33     Tim Holden                              36     John E. Jones
07     35     Frank Daly                              34     Curt Weldon       
08     33     Peter H. Kostmayer                      36     Jim Greenwood
09                                                    34     Bud Shuster  
10                                                    34     Joseph M. McDade  
11     33     Paul E. Kanjorski                       36   Michael A. Fescina
12     33     John P. Murtha                        
13     31     Marjorie Margolies Mezvinsky            32     Jon D. Fox 
14     33     William J. Coyne                        36     Byron W. King
15     35     Paul McHale                             34     Don Ritter  
16     35     Robert Peters                           34     Robert S. Walker  
17     35     Bill Sturges                            34     George W. Gekas   
18     35     Frank A. Pecora                         34     Rick Santorum     
19     35     Paul V. Kilker                          34     Bill Goodling
20     33     Austin J. Murphy                        36     Bill Townsend  
21     35     John C. Harkins                         34     Tom Ridge



                                      RHODE ISLAND

01     35     David R. Carlin, Jr.                    34   Ronald K. Machtley 
02     33     John F. Reed                            36     James W. Bell 


                                     SOUTH CAROLINA

01     35     Bill Oberst, Jr.                        34   Arthur Ravenel Jr. 
02                                                    34     Floyd D. Spence 
03     33     Butler Derrick                          36     Jim Bland
04     33     Liz J. Patterson                        36     Bob Inglis 
05     33     John M. Spratt Jr.                      36     Bill Horne
06     31     James E. Clyburn                        32     John Chase


                                      SOUTH DAKOTA

01     33     Tim Johnson                             36     John Timmer 


                                        TENNESSEE

01     35     J. Carr "Jack" Christian                34     James H. Quillen  
02     35     Troy Goodale                            34  John 'Jimmy' Duncan
03     33     Marilyn Lloyd                           36     Zach Wamp
04     33     Jim Cooper                              36     Dale Johnson
05     33     Bob Clement                             36     Tom Stone
06     33     Bart Gordon                             36     Marsha Blackburn
07     35     David R. Davis                          34     Don Sundquist
08     33     John Tanner                             
09     33     Harold E. Ford                          36     Charles L. Black  
      

                                          TEXAS

01     33     Jim Chapman                            
02     33     Charles Wilson                          36     Donna Peterson
03                                                    34     Sam Johnson  
04     33     Ralph M. Hall                           36     David L. Bridges
05     33     John Bryant                             36     Richard Stokley
06     35     John Dietrich                           34     Joe L. Barton    
07                                                    34     Bill Archer       
08     35     Charles Robinson                        34     Jack Fields 
09     33     Jack Brooks                             36     Steve Stockman
10     33     J.J. 'Jake' Pickle                      36     Herbert Spiro
11     33     Chet Edwards                            32     James W. Broyles
12     33     Pete Geren                              36     David Hobbs
13     33     Bill Sarpalius                          36     Beau Boulter
14     33     Greg Laughlin                           36    Humberto J. Garza
15     33     E. 'Kika' De La Garza                   36     Tom Haughey
16     33     Ronald D. Coleman                       36     Chip Taberski
17     33     Charles W. Stenholm                     36     Jeannie Sadowski
18     33     Craig Washington                        36     Edward Blum
19     35     Terry Lee Moser                         34     Larry Combest 
20     33     Henry B. Gonzalez                                   
21     35     James M. Gaddy                          34     Lamar Smith       
22     35     Richard Konrad                          34     Tom DeLay 
23     33     Albert G. Bustamante                    36     Henry Bonilla
24     33     Martin Frost                            36     Steve Masterson
25     33     Michael A. Andrews                      36     Dolly Madison     
                                                             McKenna
26     35     John Wayne Caton                        34     Dick Armey        
27     33     Solomon P. Ortiz                        36     Jay Kimbrough
28     31     Trank Tejeda                            
29     31     Gene Green                              32     Clark Kent Ervin
30     31     Eddie Bernice Johnson                   32     Lucy Cain


                                          UTAH

01     35     Ron Holt                                34     James V. Hansen   
02     31     Karen Shepherd                          32     Enid Greene  
03     33     Bill Orton                              36   Richard Harrington


                                         VERMONT

01     35     Lewis E. Young                          36     James H. Douglas
       30     Bernard Sanders (Independent Incumbent)


                                        VIRGINIA

01     35     Andrew H. 'Andy' Fox                    34   Herbert H. Bateman 
02     33     Owen B. Pickett                         36   J.L. "Jim" Chapman 
03     31     Robert C. Scott                         32     Daniel Jenkins 
04     33     Norman Sisisky                          36 A.J. "Tony" Zegvolis
05     33     Lewis F. Payne, Jr.                     36 W.A. "Bill" Hurlburt
06     31     Stephen Alan Musselwhite                32  Robert W. Goodlatte
07                                                    34    Thomas J. Bliley,
08     33     James P. Moran, Jr.                     36    Kyle E. McSlarrow
09     33     Rick Boucher                            36    L. Garrett Weddle
10     35     Raymond E. Vickery                      34     Frank R. Wolf     
11     31     Leslie L. Byrne                         32     Henry N. Butler


                                       WASHINGTON

01     31     Maria Cantwell                          32     Gary Nelson 
02     33     Al Swift                                36     Jack Metcalf
03     33     Jolene Unsoeld                          36     Pat Fiske
04     31     Jay Inslee                              32     Richard Hastings
05     33     Thomas S. Foley                         36     John Sonneland
06     33     Norm Dicks                              36    Lauri J. Phillips
07     33     Jim McDermott                           36     Glenn C. Hampson
08     31     George O. Tamblyn                       32     Jennifer Dunn
09     31     Mike Kreidler                           32  Pete von Reichbauer


                                      WEST VIRGINIA

01     33     Alan B. Mollohan                     
02     33     Bob Wise                                36   Samuel A. Cravotta
03     33     Nick J. Rahall II                       36     Ben Waldman


                                        WISCONSIN

01     33     Les Aspin                               36     Mark Neumann
02     35     Ada E. Deer                             34     Scott L. Klug 
03     35     Paul Sacia                              34     Steve Gunderson 
04     33     Gerald D. Kleczka                       36     Joseph L. Cook 
05     31     Thomas M. Barrett                       32   Donald Hammersmith
06     35     Peggy A. Lautenschlager                 34     Thomas E. Petri   
07     33     David R. Obey                           36     Dale R. Vannes
08     35     Catherine L. Helms                      34     Toby Roth  
09     35     Ingrid K. Buxton                        34  James Sensenbrenner 


                                         WYOMING

01     35     Jon Herschler                           34     Craig Thomas      




>> IX.B. SENATE CANDIDATE LISTS/CODES (1988, 1990, 1992)

                               1988
                     STATES WITH SENATE RACE:
               DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES


ARIZONA        13. Dennis DeConcini     16. Keith DeGreen
CALIFORNIA     15. Leo T. McCarthy      14. Pete Wilson
CONNECTICUT    15. Joseph Lieberman     14. Lowell Weicker
DELAWARE       15. S. B. Woo            14. William Roth, Jr.
FLORIDA        11. Buddy MacKay         12. Connie Mack
HAWAII         13. Spark M. Matsunaga   14. Maria Hustace
INDIANA        15. Jack Wickes          14. Richard Lugar
MAINE          13. George J. Mitchell   16. Jasper Wyman
MARYLAND       13. Paul Sarbanes        16. Alan L. Keyes
MASSACHUSETTS  13. Edward M. Kennedy    16. Joseph Malone
MICHIGAN       13. Donald Riegle, Jr.   16. Jim Dunn
MINNESOTA      15. Hubert Humphrey III  14. David Durenberger
MISSISSIPPI    11. Wayne Dowdy          12. Trent Lott
MISSOURI       15. J.W. "Jay" Nixon     14. John C. Danforth
MONTANA        13. John Melcher         16. Conrad Burns
NEBRASKA       15. Robert Kerrey        14. David K. Karns
NEVADA         15. Richard H. Bryan     14. Jacob "Chic" Hecht
NEW JERSEY     13. Frank Lautenberg     16. Pete Dawkins
NEW MEXICO     13. Jeff Bingaman        16. William Valentine
NEW YORK       13. Daniel Moynihan      16. Robert McMillan
NORTH DAKOTA   13. Quentin Burdick      16. Earl Strinden
OHIO           13. Howard Metzenbaum    16. George Voinovich
PENNSYLVANIA   15. Joseph Vignola       14. John Heinz
RHODE ISLAND   15. Richard Licht        14. John H. Chaffee
TENNESSEE      13. Jim Sasser           16. Bill Anderson
TEXAS          13. Lloyd Bentsen        16. Beau Bolter
UTAH           15. Brian H. Moss        14. Orrin G. Hatch
VERMONT        11. William Gray         12. James Jeffords
VIRGINIA       11. Charles S. Robb      12. Rev. M. Dawkins
WASHINGTON     11. Mike Lowry           12. Slade Gorton
WEST VIRGINIA  13. Robert C. Byrd       16. Jay Wolfe
WISCONSIN      11. Herbert Kohl         12. Susan Engeleiter
WYOMING        15. John Vinich          14. Malcolm Wallop


           KEY TO DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES:

          DEMOCRATIC               REPUBLICAN

11. Democratic candidate -         12. Republican candidate -
    no running incumbent               no running incumbent
13. Democratic running             14. Republican running
    incumbent                          incumbent
15. Democratic challenger to       16. Republican challenger to
    running Republican incumbent       running Democratic incumbent


                               1988
                     STATES WITH SENATE RACE:
                     SENATOR WITH TERM NOT UP



ARIZONA                                 29. John McCain  
CALIFORNIA     19. Alan Cranston
CONNECTICUT    19. Christopher Dodd
DELAWARE       19. Joseph Biden
FLORIDA        19. Bob Graham
HAWAII         19. Daniel Inouye
INDIANA                                 29. Danforth Quayle
MAINE                                   29. William Cohen
MARYLAND       19. Barbara Mikulski
MASSACHUSETTS  19. John F. Kerry
MICHIGAN       19. Carl Levin
MINNESOTA                               29. Rudy Boschwitz
MISSISSIPPI                             29. Thad Cochran
MISSOURI                                29. Kit Bond
MONTANA        19. Max Baucus
NEBRASKA       19. James Exon
NEVADA         19. Harry Reid
NEW JERSEY     19. Bill Bradley
NEW MEXICO                              29. Peter Domenici
NEW YORK                                29. Alphonse D'Amato
NORTH DAKOTA   19. Kent Conrad
OHIO           19. John Glenn
PENNSYLVANIA                            29. Arlen Specter
RHODE ISLAND   19. Claiborne Pell
TENNESSEE      19. Al Gore
TEXAS                                   29. Phil Gramm
UTAH                                    29. Jake Garn
VERMONT        19. Patrick Leahy
VIRGINIA                                29. John Warner
WASHINGTON     19. Brock Adams
WEST VIRGINIA  19. Jay Rockefeller
WISCONSIN                               29. Bob Kasten
WYOMING                                 29. Alan Simpson


            KEY TO CODES FOR SENATOR WITH TERM NOT UP:

               19. DEMOCRATIC SENATOR
               29. REPUBLICAN SENATOR



                               1988
                   NO SENATE RACE IN THE STATE:


               STATES WITH TWO DEMOCRATIC SENATORS

ALABAMA        17. Richard C. Shelby    27. Howell Heflin
ARKANSAS       17. David Pryor          27. Dale Bumpers
GEORGIA        17. Samm Nunn            27. Wyche Fowler
ILLINOIS       17. Paul Simon           27. Alan Dixon
LOUISIANA      17. J.Bennett Johnston   27. John Breaux



               STATES WITH TWO REPUBLICAN SENATORS

ALASKA         18. Ted Stevens          28. Frank Murkowski
IDAHO          18. James McClure        28. Steven Symms
KANSAS         18. Robert Dole          28. Nancy L. Kassebaum
NEW HAMPSHIRE  18. Gordon Humphrey      28. Warren Rudman
OREGON         18. Robert Packwood      28. Mark Hatfield



      STATES WITH ONE DEMOCRATIC AND ONE REPUBLICAN SENATOR

COLORADO       17. Timothy Wirth        18. William Armstrong
IOWA           17. Tom Harkin           18. Charles Grassley
KENTUCKY       17. Wendell Ford         18. Mitch McConnell
NORTH CAROLINA 17. Terry Sanford        18. Jesse Helms
OKLAHOMA       17. David Boren          18. Don Nickles
SOUTH CAROLINA 17. Fritz Hollings       18. Strom Thurmond
SOUTH DAKOTA   17. Thomas Daschle       18. Larry Pressler


        KEY TO CODES FOR SENATORS IN STATES WITH NO RACE:

     17 - FIRST DEMOCRATIC SENATOR (other senator is 18 or 27)
     18 - FIRST REPUBLICAN SENATOR (other senator is 17 of 28)

     27 - SECOND DEMOCRATIC SENATOR (other senator is 17)
     28 - SECOND REPUBLICAN SENATOR (other senator is 18)
                                  
1990
                        STATES WITH SENATE RACE:
                  DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES

                              - 35 States -

ALABAMA        13. Howell Heflin             16. Bill Cabaniss
ALASKA         15. Michael Beasley           14. Ted Stevens
ARKANSAS       13. David Pryor
COLORADO       11. Josie Heath               12. Hank Brown
DELAWARE       13. Joseph Biden              16. M. Jane Brady
GEORGIA        13. Sam Nunn
HAWAII         13. Daniel Akaka              16. Patricia Saiki
IDAHO          11. Ron Twilegar              12. Larry Craig
ILLINOIS       13. Paul Simon                16. Lynn Martin
INDIANA        15. Baron Hill                14. Daniel Coats
IOWA           13. Tom Harkin                16. Tom Tauke
KANSAS         15. Dick Williams             14. Nancy Kassebaum
KENTUCKY       15. Harvey Sloane             14. Mitch McConnell
LOUISIANA      13. J. Bennett Johnston       16. David Duke
MAINE          15. Neil Rolde                14. William Cohen
MASSACHUSETTS  13. John Kerry                16. Jim Rappaport
MICHIGAN       13. Carl Levin                16. Bill Schuette
MINNESOTA      15. Paul Wellstone            14. Rudy Boschwitz
MISSISSIPPI                                  14. Thad Cochran
MONTANA        13. Max Baucus                16. Allen Kolstad
NEBRASKA       13. Jim Exon                  16. Hal Daub
NEW HAMPSHIRE  11. John Durkin               12. Robert Smith
NEW JERSEY     13. Bill Bradley              16. Christine Whitman
NEW MEXICO     15. Tom Benavides             14. Pete Domenici
NORTH CAROLINA 15. Harvey Gantt              14. Jesse Helms
OKLAHOMA       13. David Boren               16. Stephen Jones
OREGON         15. Harry Lonsdale            14. Mark Hatfield
RHODE ISLAND   13. Claiborne Pell            16. Claudine Schneider
SOUTH CAROLINA 15. Bob Cunningham            14. Strom Thurmond
SOUTH DAKOTA   15. Ted Muenster              14. Larry Pressler
TENNESSEE      13. Al Gore                   16. William Hawkins
TEXAS          15. Hugh Parmer               14. Phil Gramm
VIRGINIA                                     14. John Warner
WEST VIRGINIA  13. John Rockefeller IV       16. John Yoder
WYOMING        15. Kathy Helling             14. Alan Simpson



                     KEY TO SENATE CANDIDATE CODES:

          DEMOCRATIC                    REPUBLICAN

11. Democratic candidate - open race    12. Republican candidate - open race
13. Democratic incumbent running        14. Republican incumbent running
15. Democratic challenger to            16. Republican challenger to
    Republican incumbent                    Democratic incumbent


                                  1990
                        STATES WITH SENATE RACE:
                         SENATOR NOT UP IN 1990

                              - 35 States -

ALABAMA        19. Richard Shelby
ALASKA                                       29. Frank Murkowski
ARKANSAS       19. Dale Bumpers
COLORADO       19. Timorth Wirth
DELAWARE                                     29. William Roth 
GEORGIA        19. Wyche Fowler
HAWAII         19. Daniel Inouye
IDAHO                                        29. Steven Symms
ILLINOIS       19. Alan Dixon
INDIANA                                      29. Richard Lugar
IOWA                                         29. Charles Grassley
KANSAS                                       29. Robert Dole    
KENTUCKY       19. Wendell Ford
LOUISIANA      19. John Breaux
MAINE          19. George Mitchell
MASSACHUSETTS  19. Edward Kennedy
MICHIGAN       19. Donald Riegle
MINNESOTA                                    29. David Durenberger
MISSISSIPPI                                  29. Trent Lott
MONTANA                                      29. Conrad Burns
NEBRASKA       19. Robert Kerrey
NEW HAMPSHIRE                                29. Warren Rudman
NEW JERSEY     19. Frank Lautenberg
NEW MEXICO     19. Jeff Bingaman
NORTH CAROLINA 19. Terry Sanford
OKLAHOMA                                     29. Don Nickles
OREGON                                       29. Bob Packwood
RHODE ISLAND                                 29. John Chafee
SOUTH CAROLINA 19. Ernest Hollings
SOUTH DAKOTA   19. Tom Daschle
TENNESSEE      19. James Sasser
TEXAS          19. Lloyd Bentsen
VIRGINIA       19. Charles Robb
WEST VIRGINIA  19. Robert Byrd
WYOMING                                      29. Malcolm Wallop



                      KEY TO SENATOR NOT UP CODES:

          19. Democratic Senator, Term Not Up
          29. Republican Senator, Term Not Up







                                  1990
                       STATES WITH NO SENATE RACE

                              - 15 States -



                   STATES WITH TWO DEMOCRATIC SENATORS


CONNECTICUT    17. Christopher Dodd          27. Joseph Lieberman
MARYLAND       17. Barbara Mikulski          27. Paul Sarbanes
NEVADA         17. Harry Reid                27. Richard Bryan
NORTH DAKOTA   17. Kent Conrad               27. Quentin Burdick
OHIO           17. John Glenn                27. Howard Metzenbaum




                   STATES WITH TWO REPUBLICAN SENATORS


MISSOURI       18. Christopher Bond          28. John Danforth
PENNSYLVANIA   18. Arlen Specter             28. H. John Heinz III
UTAH           18. Edwin Garn                28. Orrin Hatch




          STATES WITH ONE DEMOCRATIC AND ONE REPUBLICAN SENATOR

ARIZONA        17. Dennis DeConcini          18. John McCain
CALIFORNIA     17. Alan Cranston             18. Pete Wilson
FLORIDA        17. Bob Graham                18. Connie Mack III
NEW YORK       17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan   18. Alfonse D'Amato
VERMONT        17. Patrick Leahy             18. James Jeffords
WASHINGTON     17. Brock Adams               18. Slade Gorton
WISCONSIN      17. Herbert Kohl              18. Robert Kasten




             KEY TO CODE FOR SENATORS IN STATE WITH NO RACE:

     17 - FIRST DEMOCRATIC SENATOR (Other Senator is 18 or 27)
     18 - FIRST REPUBLICAN SENATOR (Other Senator is 17 or 28)

     27 - SECOND DEMOCRATIC SENATOR (Other Senator is 17)
     28 - SECOND REPUBLICAN SENATOR (Other Senator is 18)







                                       1992
                             STATES WITH SENATE RACE:
                       DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES

                                  - 34 States -

ALABAMA        13. Richard Shelby          16. Richard Sellers
ALASKA         15. Tony Smith              14. Frank Murkowksi
ARIZONA        15. Claire Sargent          14. John McCain
ARKANSAS       13. Dale Bumpers            16. Mike Huckabee
CALIFORNIA-1   11. Barbara Boxer           12. John Hirschensohn
CALIFORNIA-2   15. Diane Feinstein         14. John Seymour
COLORADO       11. Ben Nighthorse Campbell 12. Terry Considine
CONNECTICUT    13. Christopher Dodd        16. Brooks Johnson
FLORIDA        13. Bob Graham              16. Bill Grant
GEORGIA        13. Wyche Fowler            16. Paul Coverdell
HAWAII         13. Daniel Inouye           16. Rick Reed
IDAHO          11. Richard Stallings       12. Dirk Kempthorne
ILLINOIS       11. Carol Mosely Braun      12. Richard Williamson
INDIANA        15. Joseph Hogsett          14. Daniel Coats
IOWA           15. Jean Lloyd-Jones        14. Charles Grassley
KANSAS         15. Glorida O'Dell          14. Robert Dole    
KENTUCKY       13. Wendell Ford            16. David Williams
LOUISIANA      13. John Breaux             16. Lyle Stockstill
MARYLAND       13. Barbara Mikulski        16. Alan Keyes
MISSOURI       15. Geri Rothman-Serot      14. Christopher Bond
NEVADA         13. Harry Reid              16. Demar Dahl
NEW HAMPSHIRE  11. John Rauh               12. Judd Gregg
NEW YORK       15. Robert Abrams           14. Alfonse D'Amato
NORTH CAROLINA 13. Terry Sanford           16. Lauch Faircloth
NORTH DAKOTA   11. Byron Dorgan            12. Steve Sydness
OHIO           13. John Glenn              16. Mike DeWine
OKLAHOMA       15. Steve Lewis             14. Don Nickles
OREGON         15. Les AuCoin              14. Bob Packwood
PENNSYLVANIA   15. Lynn Yeakel             14. Arlen Specter
SOUTH CAROLINA 13. Ernest "Fritz" Hollings 16. Tom Hartnett
SOUTH DAKOTA   13. Thomas Daschle          16. Charlene Haar
UTAH           11. Wayne Owens             12. Robert Bennett
VERMONT        13. Patrick Leahy           16. James Douglas
WASHINGTON     11. Patty Murray            12. Rod Chandler
WISCONSIN      15. Russell Feingold        14. Robert Kasten



                          KEY TO SENATE CANDIDATE CODES:

          DEMOCRATIC                    REPUBLICAN

11. Democratic candidate - open race    12. Republican candidate - open race
13. Democratic incumbent running        14. Republican incumbent running
15. Democratic challenger to            16. Republican challenger to
    Republican incumbent                    Democratic incumbent



                                       1992
                             STATES WITH SENATE RACE:
                              SENATOR NOT UP IN 1990

                                  - 34 States -

ALABAMA        19. Howell Heflin
ALASKA                                    29. Ted Stevens
ARIZONA        19. Dennis DeConcini
ARKANSAS       19. David Pryor

CALIFORNIA     No 'Senator Not Up' - Seymour's seat was contested

COLORADO                                  29. Hank Brown
CONNECTICUT    19. Joseph Lieberman
FLORIDA                                   29. Connie Mack
GEORGIA        19. Sam Nunn
HAWAII         19. Daniel Akaka
IDAHO                                     29. Larry Craig
ILLINOIS       19. Paul Simon
INDIANA                                   29. Richard Lugar
IOWA           19. Tom Harkin
KANSAS                                    29. Nancy Landon Kassebaum
KENTUCKY                                  29. Mitch McConnell
LOUISIANA      19. J. Bennett Johnston
MARYLAND       19. Paul Sarbanes
MISSOURI                                  29. John Danforth
NEVADA         19. Richard Bryan
NEW HAMPSHIRE                             29. Bob Smith
NEW YORK       19. Daniel Patrick Moynihan
NORTH CAROLINA                            29. Jesse Helms
NORTH DAKOTA   19. Jocelyn Burdick
OHIO           19. Howard Metzenbaum
OKLAHOMA       19. David Lyle Boren
OREGON                                    29. Mark Hatfield
PENNSYLVANIA   19. Harris Wofford
SOUTH CAROLINA                            29. Strom Thurmond
SOUTH DAKOTA                              29. Larry Pressler
UTAH                                      29. Orrin Hatch
VERMONT                                   29. James Jeffords
WASHINGTON                                29. Slade Gorton
WISCONSIN      19. Herb Kohl





                           KEY TO SENATOR NOT UP CODES:

          19. Democratic Senator, Term Not Up
          29. Republican Senator, Term Not Up




                                       1992
                            STATES WITH NO SENATE RACE

                                  - 16 States -



                       STATES WITH TWO DEMOCRATIC SENATORS


MASSACHUSETTS  17. Edward Kennedy            27. John Kerry
MICHIGAN       17. Donald Riegle             27. Carl Levin
NEBRASKA       17. Robert Kerrey             27. James Exon
NEW JERSEY     17. Frank Lautenberg          27. Bill Bradley
TENNESSEE      17. James Sasser              27. Albert Gore
WEST VIRGINIA  17. Robert Byrd               27. John Rockefeller IV




                       STATES WITH TWO REPUBLICAN SENATORS


MISSISSIPPI    18. Trent Lott                28. Thad Cochran
WYOMING        18. Malcolm Wallop            28. Alan Simpson




              STATES WITH ONE DEMOCRATIC AND ONE REPUBLICAN SENATOR

DELAWARE       17. Joseph Biden              18. William Roth
MAINE          17. George Mitchell           18. William Cohen
MINNESOTA      17. Paul David Wellstone      18. David Durenberger
MONTANA        17. Max Baucus                18. Conrad Burns
NEW MEXICO     17. Jeff Bingaman             18. Peter Domenici
RHODE ISLAND   17. Clairborne Pell           18. John Chafee 
TEXAS          17. Lloyd Bentsen             18. Phil Gramm
VIRGINIA       17. Charles Robb              18. John Warner





                 KEY TO CODE FOR SENATORS IN STATE WITH NO RACE:

     17 - FIRST DEMOCRATIC SENATOR (Other Senator is 18 or 27)
     18 - FIRST REPUBLICAN SENATOR (Other Senator is 17 or 28)

     27 - SECOND DEMOCRATIC SENATOR (Other Senator is 17)
     28 - SECOND REPUBLICAN SENATOR (Other Senator is 18)
               
>>IX.C. GUBERNATORIAL (1990 only)
1990 GUBERNATORIAL CANDIDATE LIST

     STATE          DEMOCRAT                 REPUBLICAN

     Alabama        55. Paul R. Hubbert      54. Guy Hunt
     Alaska         51. Tony Knowles         52. Arliss Sturgulewski
     Arizona        51. Terry Goddard        52. Fife Symington
     Arkansas       53. Bill Clinton         56. Sheffield Nelson
     California     51. Dianne Feinstein     52. Pete Wilson
     Colorado       53. Roy Romer            56. John Andrews
     Connecticut    51. Bruce Morrison       52. John G. Rowland
     Delaware                                58. Michael Castle
     Florida        55. Lawton Chiles        54. Bob Martinez
     Georgia        51. Zell Miller          52. Johnny Isakson
     Hawaii         53. John Waihee III      56. Fred Hemmings
     Idaho          53. Cecil D. Andrus      56. Roger Fairchild
     Illinois       51. Neil F. Hartigan     52. Jim Edgar
     Indiana        57. Evan Bayh
     Iowa           55. Donald D. Avenson    54. Terry E. Branstad
     Kansas         55. Joan Finney          54. Mike Hayden
     Kentucky       57. Wallace G. Wilkinson 
     Louisiana      57. Buddy Roemer
     Maine          55. Joseph E. Brennan    54. John R. McKernan, Jr.
     Maryland       53. William D. Schaefer  56. William S. Shepard
     Massachusetts  51. John Silber          52. William F. Weld
     Michigan       53. James J. Blanchard   56. John Engler
     Minnesota      53. Rudy Perpich         56. Arne Carlson
     Mississippi    57. Ray Mabus
     Missouri                                58. John Ashcroft
     Montana                                 58. Stan Stephens
     Nebraska       55. Ben Nelson           54. Kay A. Orr
     Nevada         53. Bob Miller           56. Jim Gallaway
     New Hampshire  55. Joseph Grandmaison   54. Judd Gregg
     New Jersey     57. James Florio
     New Mexico     51. Bruce King           52. Frank M. Bond
     New York       53. Mario M. Cuomo       56. Pierre A. Rinfret
     North Carolina                          58. James G. Martin
     North Dakota   57. George Sinner
     Ohio           51. Anthony Celebrezze   52. George V. Voinovich
     Oklahoma       51. David Walters        52. Bill Price
     Oregon         51. Barbara Roberts      52. Dave Frohnmayer
     Pennsylvania   53. Robert P. Casey      56. Barbara Hafer
     Rhode Island   55. Bruce G. Sundlun     54. Edward D. DiPrete
     South Carolina 55. Theo Mitchell        54. Carroll A. Campbell
     South Dakota   55. Bob Samuelson        54. George S. Mickelson
     Tennessee      53. Ned McWherter        56. Dwight Henry
     Texas          51. Ann Richards         52. Clayton Williams
     Utah                                    58. Norman Bangerter
     Vermont        51. Peter Welch          52. Richard Snelling
     Virginia       57. L. Douglas Wilder
     Washington     57. William Booth Gardner
     West Virginia  57. Gaston Caperton
     Wisconsin      55. Thomas Loftus        54. Tommy G. Thompson
     Wyoming        53. Mike Sullivan        56. Mary Mead
>>X. APPENDIX A: 1992 TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM, SAMPLING SECTION, ISR


Technical Memorandum
Sampling Section

Subject:       1992 Senate Election Study
Date:          March 29, 1993

I. Introduction

     The 1992 Senate Election Study is a telephone survey of U.S. household
residents(including Alaska and Hawaii but excluding the District of Columbia).
This 1992 study is the third wave of a three-part Senate Election Study.  The
previous two waves of the study were conducted in 1988 and 1990.  The purpose
of the Senate Election Studies is to study the relationship between U.S.
citizens and their U.S. Senators and to explore the nature of the voter's
choice in selecting members of the U.S. Senate.  The study population includes
all U.S. household residents who are at least 18 years old on or before the
1992 Election Day (November 3) and are citizens of the U.S. 


II. Sample Design Description

     The Random-Digit-Dial (RDD) sample design used for the 1992 Senate
Election Study is a  "list assisted" or "listed hundred series" (LHS) design
that selects telephone numbers using the GENESYS RDD sampling system.  The
GENESYS system is a PC-based RDD sampling system designed by Marketing Systems
Group (MSG).  This "list assisted" RDD design uses a one-stage selection of
telephone numbers with no clustering. Samples of RDD telephone numbers are
selected from a frame consisting of all the possible numbers that can be
generated from a hundred series (the first eight digits of a phone number)
which have at least two listed household phone numbers.

     There are several advantages to this design: (1) Unlike the two-stage  
Mitofsky-Waksberg design, there is no clustering of sample numbers within a
hundred series.  The final sample is a stratified random sample of telephone
households. For the same number of cases, sampling errors should be lower than
those for the Mitofsky-Waksberg design.  (2) In the telephone interviewing
facility, the LHS design can be administered as a list sample.  The LHS design
requires no pre-screening of a primary stage sample of RDD telephone numbers. 
There is no conditional replacement of non-working and non-household numbers. 
This is especially helpful for quick turnaround studies, like the 1992 Senate
Election Study.  

     The main disadvantage of the LHS RDD design is that it does not guarantee
complete coverage of telephone households.  Telephone households in hundred
series with no listed numbers or hundred series that are new since the last
update of the LHS frame are not covered.  This under coverage increases as the
age of the LHS frame increases.  For the time period within six months of the
frame creation date, the non-coverage appears to be less than three percent of
telephone households.  The GENESYS frame used for selection was updated
October 1992.  

     The GENESYS RDD sampling system uses an LHS frame based on the Donnelley
file of all directory listings.  One advantage of this system is that each
hundred series in the frame is assigned FIPS county codes that make RDD
samples of specific geographic areas convenient.  This county coding is also
helpful in assigning Congressional District Codes later.

     An independent equal probability sample of 400 RDD telephone numbers was
selected in each of the 50 states (including AK and HI but excluding DC). 
Each state sample was divided into "replicates" or sub-samples of varying
sizes (see the table below).  A working rate of about 53% was assumed, and a
target of 56 completed interviews was set per state.  To set initial sample
sizes response rates across states could be estimated from the previous two
Senate Election surveys.  For example, if the estimated response rate for a
state is .65 the expected size of the state the sample was estimated to be:

     Completed Interviews                56
       Estimated Response Rate          .65

     Required Household Contacts         86
       Working Rate for Households      .53

          Expected RDD Sample Numbers   162

After the sample was generated, it was sent to the Survey Research Center
(SRC) to add the following codes:  split half Sample Flag, Senate race type
codes, Replicate Code, Sample ID, and Respondent Selection Table number.  

Replicates of varying sizes enabled the released sample to be tailored to the
expected response rates for each state, and allowed for a fine control over
the released sample during the interviewing period. Each replicate is itself a
probability sample.  The Replicate codes for each state sample were assigned
as follows:

          Replicate #       Size

               0            150
               1             80
               2             50
               3             30
               4             30
               5             20
               6             10
               7             10
               8             10
               9             10



After the replicate code assignment, the sample file was sent back to MSG to
screen for non-working and business numbers.  These numbers were classified as
non-sample.


III. Sampling Weights

     Table 1 contains the following information for each state sample: the
state abbreviation, state fips code, number of working telephone numbers,
total number of released replicates, probability of selection, household
weight, and relative household weight.  Since the 1992 NES Senate Election
Study design assigns different probabilities to households in the states, it
was necessary to calculate a household sampling weight.  The household weight
value for each state sample was calculated by the following equation:

                     # of working banks (state) x 100
           Wstate =  total telephone #'s released (state)

     Once a household telephone number was selected and called, if there was
more than one eligible person living in the household a random respondent was
chosen using a respondent selection table developed by Kish (1949).  Because
only one person in a household was selected to respond from all eligible
household members, persons in smaller households had a greater chance of
selection than persons in larger households.  Therefore, for person level
analyses, the household weight should be multiplied by the number of eligible
persons in the household to create a final weight for pooled analysis of
states data.



                                 Table 1


     F     # of        Total     Total  Probability   Household   Relative
     I    Working     Possible    Nos.  of Selection    Weight   Household
     P     Banks      Numbers     Rel.                             Weight
ST   S
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AL   1    25,042    2,504,200      180  7.188e-05      13912.22   6.322
AK   2     4,919      491,900      220  4.472e-04       2235.91   1.016
AZ   4    23,325    2,332,500      190  8.146e-05      12276.32   5.578
AR   5    14,447    1,444,700      150  1.038e-04       9631.33   4.377
CA   6    213,360   21,336,000     230  1.078e-05      92765.22  42.153 
CO   8    24,197    2,419,700      200  8.265e-05      12098.50   5.498
CT   9    24,534    2,453,400      210  8.560e-05      11682.86   5.309
DE   10    5,111      511,100      180  3.522e-04       2839.44   1.290
FL   12   99,934    9,993,400      240  2.402e-05      41639.17  18.921 
GA   13   45,045    4,504,500      180  3.996e-05      25025.00  11.372 
HI   15    7,921      792,100      230  2.904e-04       3443.91   1.565
ID   16    7,205      720,500      150  2.082e-04       4803.33   2.183
IL   17   79,751    7,975,100      190  2.382e-05      41974.21  19.073 
IN   18   36,240    3,624,000      160  4.415e-05      22650.00  10.292 
IA   19   20,157    2,015,700      150  7.442e-05      13438.00   6.106
KS   20   17,037    1,703,700      150  8.804e-05      11358.00   5.161
KY   21   23,198    2,319,800      180  7.759e-05      12887.78   5.856
LA   22   25,433    2,543,300      180  7.077e-05      14129.44   6.421
ME   23    9,963      996,300      180  1.807e-04       5535.00   2.515
MD   24   33,357    3,335,700      200  5.996e-05      16678.50   7.579
MA   25   41,499    4,149,900      200  4.819e-05      20749.50   9.429
MI   26   61,445    6,144,500      180  2.929e-05      34136.11  15.512 
MN   27   30,106    3,010,600      230  7.640e-05      13089.57   5.948
MS   28   13,932    1,393,200      200  1.436e-04       6966.00   3.165
MO   29   33,454    3,345,400      160  4.783e-05      20908.75   9.501
MT   30    5,913      591,300      180  3.044e-04       3285.00   1.493
NE   31   13,246    1,324,600      180  1.359e-04       7358.89   3.344
NV   32    9,849      984,900      200  2.031e-04       4924.50   2.238
NH   33    8,010      801,000      200  2.497e-04       4005.00   1.820
NJ   34   56,452    5,645,200      250  4.429e-05      22580.80  10.261 
NM   35    8,895      889,500      170  1.911e-04       5232.35   2.378
NY   36  126,798   12,679,800      220  1.735e-05      57635.45  26.190
NC   37   46,610    4,661,000      170  3.647e-05      27417.65  12.459 
ND   38    4,207      420,700      150  3.565e-04       2804.67   1.274
OH   39   79,826    7,982,600      170  2.130e-05      46956.47  21.337 
OK   40   21,129    2,112,900      170  8.046e-05      12428.82   5.648
OR   41   20,906    2,090,600      150  7.175e-05      13937.33   6.333
PA   42   77,955    7,795,500      160  2.052e-05      48721.88  22.140 
RI   44    6,555      655,500      180  2.746e-04       3641.67   1.655
SC   45   21,729    2,172,900      160  7.363e-05      13580.63   6.171
SD   46    4,618      461,800      150  3.248e-04       3078.67   1.399
TN   47   31,402    3,140,200      170  5.414e-05      18471.76   8.394
TX   48  115,663   11,566,300      190  1.643e-05      60875.26  27.662
UT   49    9,803      980,300      160  1.632e-04       6126.88   2.784
VT   50    4,449      444,900      200  4.495e-04       2224.50   1.011
VA   51   42,290    4,229,000      160  3.783e-05      26431.25  12.011 
WA   53   33,953    3,395,300      180  5.301e-05      18862.78   8.571
WV   54   10,442    1,044,200      150  1.437e-04       6961.33   3.163
WI   55   31,892    3,189,200      170  5.330e-05      18760.00   8.525
WY   56    3,301      330,100      150  4.544e-04       2200.67   1.000




>>XI. APPENDIX B: 1990 TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM, SAMPLING SECTION, ISR


THIS APPENDIX APPLIES ONLY TO THE WEIGHTS FOR 1990 CASES AND FIRST APPEARED AS 
APPENDIX A TO THE 1990 SENATE ELECTION STUDY


Technical Memorandum
Sampling Section
Subject:  1990 Senate Election Study
Date: 15 March 1991

I. Introduction  

     The 1990 Senate Election Study uses a dual-frame design telephone sample
with approximately half of the sample selected from a frame of listed numbers
and half generated using an RDD procedure.  This dual-frame design is
different from the dual-frame design used in earlier ISR studies.  In the
earlier dual-frame design, a two-stage sample selection Waksberg design) was
used for the RDD component of the sample.  In the Waksberg design, a first
stage sample of primary numbers is selected and called to see if the primary
numbers are working household numbers.  A second stage sample of telephone
numbers is selected from only the hundred series formed from the first eight
digits of the working primary numbers.  This design results in a higher RDD
working rate than a completely random generation of phone numbers.  (The
working rate for primary numbers is approximately 20%; the working rate for
the secondary stage numbers is about 60%).

     The new RDD design used for the first time in the 1990 Senate Election
Study involves the generation of random telephone numbers from the set of
hundred series in the list sample.  Each hundred series from the list sample
is known to have at least one listed phone number--the number selected for the
list sample.  From ongoing methodological research, the Survey Research Center
has a data set containing the count of listed numbers for each possible
hundred series. 

     Within each of the fifty states, an equal probability sample of random
numbers was generated using a version of the"PPS-to-listed counts" two-stage
RDD design which James Lepkowski of the Survey Research Center has been
researching. 
This design has several advantages:  (1) the cost of primary number screening
is eliminated. (2) a more equal allocation of the sample between List and RDD
cases can be achieved economically.  The sample is divided equally between
List and RDD components.  In the dual-frame design using the Waksberg RDD
procedure, the typical allocation was 25% RDD and 75% List.  This more equal
allocation reduces the ratio of weights between unlisted and listed numbers by
approximately one half and reduces the variance due to weighting effects.  (3)
the procedure for handling RDD cases in the telephone facility is simplified. 
No replacement procedure for non-working numbers is needed.  The RDD cases can
be handled in the same way as list cases.

     In addition to these general advantages of the new design, an additional
advantage relevant to the 1990 Senate Election Study was the ability to impute
the Congressional District from the "donor" hundred series in the Survey
Sampling list sample to the telephone numbers which were randomly generated
from the hundred series.  The accurate assignment of Congressional District
codes was required by the Senate Election Study questionnaire.  The form of
questionnaire used was dependent on the type of Senate and Congressional race
in the Congressional District.  

     There is one disadvantage of this design compared to the Waksberg design. 
In the "PPS-to-listed counts" design, unlisted numbers in a hundred series
which has no listed numbers do not have a chance of selection.  This type of
occurrence would be unusual and is a very minor coverage problem.   The
dual-frame sample design used for the 1990 Senate Election Study is described
in Section II.


II.  Description of Dual-Frame Sample Design

     A sample of 10,000 listed household telephone numbers was purchased from
Survey Sampling, Inc--200 listed numbers from each of the fifty states.  The
sample was actually fifty separate samples, each with a different sampling
rate,
200/nlist, where n-list is the number of listed numbers in Survey Sampling's
sampling frame for the state.  The listed numbers were selected by Survey
Sampling from their stratified 1-in-6 sample of all listed telephone numbers. 
In addition to the name, address, and telephone number, Survey Sampling
provided
Congressional District codes and FIPS state and county codes.

     The PPS-to-Listed dual-frame design required that the number of sample-
listed numbers be approximately equal to the number of RDD sample telephone
numbers.  The list sample of 200 numbers per state allowed for the generation
of 200 random telephone numbers.  The four hundred cases per state was divided
into replicates of varying sizes.  The use of replicates allows for control of
the sample size during the interviewing period in case the actual response
rate and telephone-working rate is different than anticipated.  Each replicate
could stand alone as a probability sample.

     Using the listed counts file which gives the number of listed household
telephone numbers in each hundred series, the average number of listed numbers
in hundred series with at least one listed number (K...) was found for each
state.  The number of listed telephone numbers from the listed counts file was
merged with the sample of 10,000 listed telephone numbers.  Each listed number
was assigned an Expected Sample Size (ESS) of K... divided by the number of
listed numbers in the hundred series (MOS...).  This ESS was then converted to
an integer by using a random rounding procedure.  The integer ESS for the
listed numbers was used to determine how many random telephone numbers to
generate (without replacement) for the hundred series.  The number could range
from 0 to 4 with an expected number of 1 (for hundred series with an average
number of listed numbers).  Therefore the expected number of random numbers
generated will equal the number of hundred series used from the list sample.

     In practice, the number generated will not be exactly equal to the number
of hundred series in the list sample.  The actual number of random numbers
generated for each state from the 200 listed numbers was usually greater than
200.  The procedure was then repeated reducing each ESS by a factor of
(200/Actual Number Generated) before converting it to an integer.  This second
procedure resulted in a sample of 10,072 random telephone numbers.

     A third stage of sample selection is the random selection of a single
respondent from among all eligible adults in the household.  A respondent
selection table developed by Leslie Kish was used for choosing the random
respondent.  The probability of an eligible person in a household being
selected to be a respondent is (1/Number of Eligible Adults).
                    
III.  Use of Sampling Weights

     Because of the unequal probabilities of selections for cases across the
fifty states and for listed and unlisted telephone numbers within a state, a
sampling weight should be used for all analyses involving univariate
descriptive statistics or simple regressions.  A statistician should be
consulted about the use of the selection weight for more complex multivariate
analyses.  

     A sampling weight was created and added to the data set SXRR:SES.DA3. 
The lowest sampling weight (inverse of the probability of selection) is 505.48
for listed numbers in Alaska.  The highest sampling weight was 93,567.66 for
unlisted numbers in the state of New York.  Relative sampling weights were
computed for listed and unlisted numbers in each state by dividing each
sampling weight by the lowest sampling weight, 505.48.  The relative weights
ranged from 1.00 to 185.11.  This large variation in weights reduces the
efficiency of estimates far below nominal sample size.  The loss in efficiency
due to weighting which is a type of "design effect" can be approximated by the
following formula: DEFFweighting =(wi2/( wi)2) x n.  In this formula, "wi" is
the weight for a case and "n" is the sample size.  For this sample, the
DEFFweighting is about 2.92.  This means that the effective sample size is
3,349/2.92 = 1,147.  

     A weight equal to the relative sampling weight divided by the number of
different telephone numbers by which the household can be reached should be
used for household-level analyses.  For person-level analyses, the weight
should equal the product of the household weight and the number of eligible
persons in the household. 

IV.  Calculation of Sampling Weights 

     The calculation of a sampling weight requires the computation of three
probabilities of selection:  RDD, List, and Joint.  This computation was done
for each of the fifty states.  An example of the calculation of the sampling
weights for cases with listed and unlisted telephone numbers for Michigan is
shown below:  

(1) fRDD

     1st stage:  200 out of 371,020 listed Michigan household phone numbers
from Survey Sampling's 1-in-6 frame were selected.  Each of the 200 numbers
selected was used to form a hundred series.  The probability that any hundred
series was selected is proportional to its number of listed telephone numbers
(MOS...).

     2nd stage:  The number of random telephone numbers generated or the
expected sample size (ESS) for each of the 200 hundred series was 52 x
(200/235) divided by the number of listed numbers in the hundred series
(MOS...), and the probability of a random number being generated was the
expected sample size (ESS) divided by 100.  The random telephone numbers were
assigned to replicates and 128 random numbers were in replicates used for the
study.

     The overall probability of selection for a RDD number is the product of
the first and second stage probabilities:

     fRDD = 200 x MOS.../(371020 x 6) x (52/MOS...)/100 x 200/235
            x 128/200

          = 2.5446x10-5


(2) fL

     Survey Sampling, Inc. selected 200 listed telephone number from its
1-in-6 sample file of 371,020 listed Michigan telephone numbers.  Of the 200
numbers selected, 130 were in replicates used for the study.  The probability
of a telephone number being selected for the list sample is 200/(371020 x 6)
x 130/200 =  5.8398 x 10-5.  

(3) fJ
 
     The joint probability of selection for the RDD/List Dual Frame is:

          fJ = fRDD + fL - (fRDD x fL)
     
             = 2.5446 x 10-5 + 5.8398 x 10-5 - (2.5446 x 10-5 x
               5.8398 x 10-5)

              = 8.3842 x 10-5

     Listed numbers could have been selected from either the RDD procedure or
from the Survey Sampling frame of listed numbers.  The weight for listed
numbers is, therefore, the inverse of the joint probability of selection or
11,927.12. 
Unlisted numbers could have only been selected from the RDD frame.  The weight
for RDD numbers is the inverse of the RDD probability of selection or
39,298.24.  These weights can be expressed as relative sampling weights by
dividing both weights by the Joint (Listed) weight.  The relative weight for
the listed numbers in Michigan is then 1.00, and the Michigan unlisted numbers
have a relative weight of 39,298.24/11927.12 = 3.295.

     In order to determine which of the RDD cases were unlisted numbers, a
match was performed by Survey Sampling of all RDD interview cases against
their list of all listed household telephone numbers.  The match rate for the
RDD interview cases in Michigan was 68.4% or 26 listed numbers out of 38 RDD
interview cases.  Therefore, if only Michigan cases were considered, 59 cases
(33 List + 59 RDD) have a relative sampling weight of 1.00 and 12 RDD cases
have a relative sampling weight of 3.295.  The overall match rate for RDD
interview cases for the entire sample of fifty states 65.5%.

     Table 1 shows the sampling weights and relative sampling weights for
cases with listed and unlisted telephone numbers by state.



               TABLE 1: 1990 SENATE ELECTION STUDY
    WEIGHTS FOR LISTED AND UNLISTED TELEPHONE NUMBERS BY STATE


State Name    FIPS Code  Weight for   Relative     Weight for     Weight
                          Listed   Weight Listed  Rel. Unlisted  Unlisted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama          1        5048.90       9.99        14016.68       27.73
Alaska           2         505.48       1.00         1998.104       3.95
Arizona          4        7224.09      14.29        23470.34       46.43
Arkansas         5        6619.76      13.10        19045.10       37.68
California       6       30909.33      61.15       117305.7       232.07
Colorado         8        4265.75       8.44        13932.35       27.56
Connecticut      9        5688.74      11.25        17932.99       35.48
Delaware        10         761.12       1.51         2216.347       4.38
Florida         12       23571.61      46.63        74081.51      146.56
Georgia         13       11194.66      22.15        36359.95       71.93
Hawaii          15        1109.35       2.19         3978.069       7.87
Idaho           16        1632.05       3.23         4541.066       8.98
Illinois        17       14806.37      29.29        50341.69       99.59
Indiana         18        8404.08      16.63        25017.38       49.49
Iowa            19        5158.20      10.20        14394.10       28.48
Kansas          20        4124.27       8.16        11673.62       23.09
Kentucky        21        3944.87       7.80        11482.23       22.72
Louisiana       22        5771.46      11.42        17754.35       35.12
Maine           23        1995.29       3.95         5534.350      10.95
Maryland        24        8067.08      15.96        26900.67       53.22
Massachusetts   25        7167.82      14.18        22465.68       44.44
Michigan        26       11927.12      23.60        39298.24       77.74
Minnesota       27        7925.71      15.68        21962.76       43.45
Mississippi     28        7338.71      14.52        20769.98       41.09
Missouri        29        9740.75      19.27        28767.19       56.91
Montana         30        1294.67       2.56         3832.604       7.58
Nebraska        31        2772.06       5.48         8878.955      17.57
Nevada          32        1315.37       2.60         5018.085       9.93
New Hampshire   33        1687.99       3.34         4744.951       9.39
New Jersey      34        7397.14      14.63        27250.98       53.91
New Mexico      35        2134.11       4.22         6417.378      12.70
New York        36       28416.20      56.22        93567.66      185.11
North Carolina  37        8486.38      16.79        25604.57       50.65
North Dakota    38        2052.84       4.06         5910.112      11.69
Ohio            39       25887.50      51.21        81044.82      160.33
Oklahoma        40        4360.71       8.63        13916.74       27.53
Oregon          41        4096.61       8.10        12222.98       24.18
Pennsylvania    42       26370.77      52.17        82126.79      162.47
Rhode Island    44        1335.45       2.64         4013.219       7.94
South Carolina  45        4649.77       9.20        14350.67       28.39
South Dakota    46        1323.48       2.62         3804.579       7.53
Tennessee       47        7077.24      14.00        21693.58       42.92
Texas           48       20423.44      40.40        66949.06      132.45
Utah            49        4208.77       8.33        13101.13       25.92
Vermont         50        1710.97       3.38         4762.709       9.42
Virginia        51       16195.41      32.04         48288.39      95.53
Washington      53       10955.41      21.67        33245.39       65.77
West Virginia   54        2890.07       5.72         8155.244      16.13
Wisconsin       55       11226.84      22.21        31533.13       62.38
Wyoming         56         797.22       1.58         2552.334       5.05
                   







          
>>>> XII. APPENDIX C:BENCHMARK FREQUENCIES (1988, 1990, 1992, Combined)
 
                       Benchmark Frequencies - 1988 Cases only
 
 V27   Type of Race-House      
 
 Code            12      14      21      24      51      55      65   Totals 
 Frequency    1,408     223   1,134     118       2      49     211   3,145
 Percent       44.8     7.1    36.1     3.8      .1     1.6     6.7   100.0
 
 
 
 V28   TYPE OF RACE - SENATE   
 
 Code            12      21      55      65      81      82      85   Totals 
 Frequency      868     781     202     191     309     341     453   3,145
 Percent       27.6    24.8     6.4     6.1     9.8    10.8    14.4   100.0
 
 
 
 V30   VERSION #               
 
 Code         1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9    Totals
 Frequency  124   105    33   197 1,392   953    72   152   117   3,145
 Percent    3.9   3.3   1.0   6.3  44.3  30.3   2.3   4.8   3.7   100.0
 


 V31   A1:PAY ATTENTION?       
 
 Code             1       3       5       8       9 
                                    DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
 Frequency    1,154   1,377     598      10       6   3,145   3,129
 Percent       36.9    44.0    19.1      .0      .0   100.0
 
 
 
 
 V313  H1:VOTE?                
 
 Code             1       5       8       9 
                            DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
 Frequency    2,312     818       8       7   3,145   3,130
 Percent       73.9    26.1      .0      .0   100.0
 
 
 
 V497  KX:PARTY ID SUMMARY     
 
 Code    0     1     2     3     4     5     6    7     8    9
                                                     DELD DELD TOTLS   REVSD
 Frqcy 446   545   347   225   404   470   510   13   141   44  3,145  2,960
 Prcnt 15.1 18.8  11.7   7.6   13.6 15.9  17.2   .4   .0   .0   100.0
 
 
 
 V550  L10X:LIB./CONS. SUMMARY 
 
 Code             1       3       5       8       9 
                                    DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
 Frequency      692     679   1,536     206      32   3,145   2,907
 Percent       23.8    23.4    52.8      .0      .0   100.0
 

 V605  Y3:MARITAL STATUS       
 
 Code     1     2     3     4     5     7     8     9 
                                        DELETED DELETED   Totals  Revised
 Frqcy 1,901  524   318     98   271   21     2     10   3,145   3,133
 Prcnt  60.7 16.7  10.2    3.1   8.6   .7    .0     .0   100.0
 
 

 V631  Y19:RESPONDENT RACE     
 
 Code      1       2       3       4       5       8       9 
                                             DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
Frqncy 2,812     206      48      28      23       4      24   3,145   3,117
Prcnt   90.2     6.6     1.5      .9      .7      .0      .0   100.0
 
 
 
 V636  Y24:GENDER              
 
 Code             1       2   Totals 
 Frequency    1,387   1,758   3,145
 Percent       44.1    55.9   100.0
 

                    Benchmark Frequencies - 1990 Cases only
 
 

 V27   Type of Race-House      
 
 Code      12      14      21      24      29      55      57      65   Totals 
 Frqucy 1,298     318   1,028     213      50     133       9     300   3,349
 Prct    38.8     9.5    30.7     6.4     1.5     4.0      .3     9.0   100.0
 
 
 
 V28   TYPE OF RACE - SENATE   
 
Code      12      14      21      24      65      81      82      85   Totals 
Frqncy 1,150     105     989      88     240     272     152     353   3,349
Prcnt   34.3     3.1    29.5     2.6     7.2     8.1     4.5    10.5   100.0
 
 
 

 V30   VERSION #               
 
Code        1       2       3       4       5       6       8       9   Totals 
Frqncy     96     308      38     144   1,565     667     459      72   3,349
Prcnt     2.9     9.2     1.1     4.3    46.7    19.9    13.7     2.1   100.0


 
 V31   A1:PAY ATTENTION?       
 
 Code             1       3       5       8       9 
                                    DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
 Frequency    1,090   1,514     733      10       2   3,349   3,337
 Percent       32.7    45.4    22.0      .0      .0   100.0
 
 
 
 V313  H1:VOTE?                
 
 Code             1       5       8       9 
                            DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
 Frequency    2,241   1,094       4      10   3,349   3,335
 Percent       67.2    32.8      .0      .0   100.0
 
 
 
 V497  KX:PARTY ID SUMMARY     
 
Code    0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8     9
                                                                               
                                              DELD 
DELD  Totls   Revisd
Frqncy 424  572  421  322  445  550  398  19   169   29   3,349   3,151
Prcnt 13.5 18.2 13.4 10.2 14.1 17.5 12.6  .6    .0   .0   100.0
 
 
 
 V550  L10X:LIB./CONS. SUMMARY 
 
 Code             1       3       5       8       9 
                                    DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
 Frequency      734     730   1,630     215      40   3,349   3,094
 Percent       23.7    23.6    52.7      .0      .0   100.0

 

 V605  Y3:MARITAL STATUS       
 
 Code       1     2     3     4     5     7     8     9 
                                          DELETED DELETED   Totals   Revised
 Frqncy 1,954   530   360    82   376    23     3    21     3,349    3,325
 Prcnt   58.8  15.9  10.8   2.5  11.3    .7    .0    .0     100.0
 
 

 V631  Y19:RESPONDENT RACE     
 
Code     1      2      3      4      5      8      9 
                                       DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
Frqncy 2,984  184     36     47     66      3     29     3,349   3,317
Prcnt   90.0  5.5    1.1    1.4    2.0     .0     .0     100.0
 
 
 
 V636  Y24:GENDER              
 
 Code             1       2   Totals 
 Frequency    1,538   1,811   3,349
 Percent       45.9    54.1   100.0
 
 

                    Benchmark Frequencies - 1992 Cases only
 
 V27   Type of Race-House      
 
 Code            99 
            DELETED   Totals Revised
 Frequency    2,759   2,759       0
 Percent         .0      .0
 
 
 V28   TYPE OF RACE - SENATE   
 
 Code            12      21      55      65      81      82      85   Totals 
 Frequency      824     638     242     180     345     109     421   2,759
 Percent       29.9    23.1     8.8     6.5    12.5     4.0    15.3   100.0

 
 V30   VERSION #               
 
 Code             1       2   Totals 
 Frequency    2,669      90   2,759
 Percent       96.7     3.3   100.0
 
 
 
 V31   A1:PAY ATTENTION?       
 
 Code             1       3       5       8       9 
                                    DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
 Frequency    1,454     975     321       4       5   2,759   2,750
 Percent       52.9    35.5    11.7      .0      .0   100.0
 
 
 
 V313  H1:VOTE?                
 
 Code             1       5       9 
                            DELETED   Totals Revised
 Frequency    2,118     638       3   2,759   2,756
 Percent       76.9    23.1      .0   100.0
 
 
 
 V497  KX:PARTY ID SUMMARY     
 
 Code   0    1    2    3     4     5     6     7      8     9
                                                   DELD  DELD   Totals Revised
 Frqncy 476  430  386  226  300   409   360    9     98    65   2,759   2,596
 Prct  18.3 16.6 14.9  8.7 11.6  15.8  13.9   .3     .0    .0   100.0

 
 V550  L10X:LIB./CONS. SUMMARY 
 
 Code             1       3       5       8       9 
                                    DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
 Frequency      676     590   1,292     173      28   2,759   2,558
 Percent       26.4    23.1    50.5      .0      .0   100.0
 
 
 
 V605  Y3:MARITAL STATUS       
 
Code     1     2     3     4     5     7    8     9 
                                         DELD   DELD  Totls Revised
Frqncy 1,585 452   337    82   269    21    1    12   2,759  2,746
Prcnt   57.7 16.5 12.3   3.0   9.8    .8   .0    .0   100.0
 

 V631  Y19:RESPONDENT RACE     
 
Code      1     2     3     4     5     8   9 
                                     DELD DELD  Totls  Revsd
Frqncy 2,404   204   30    45    55     3  18   2,759   2,738
Prcnt   87.8   7.5  1.1   1.6   2.0    .0  .0   100.0
 
 
 
 V636  Y24:GENDER              
 
 Code             1       2   Totals 
 Frequency    1,270   1,489   2,759
 Percent       46.0    54.0   100.0
 

                       Benchmark Frequencies - All Cases

 V27   Type of Race-House      
 
Code   12    14    21    24    29    51    55    57    65   99
                                                          DELD Totls Revisd
Frqncy 2,706 541  2,162  331   50     2   182     9   511 2,759  9,253   6,494
Prcnt  41.7  8.3   33.3  5.1   .8    .0   2.8    .1   7.9    .0  100.0
 
 
 
 V28   TYPE OF RACE - SENATE   
 
Code     12   14    21    24    55    65    81    82    85    Totls
Frqncy 2,842 105  2,408   88   444   611   926   602  1,227    9,253
Prcnt  30.7  1.1   26.0  1.0   4.8   6.6  10.0   6.5  13.3     100.0
 
 
 
 V30   VERSION #               
 
Code       1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9    Totals
Frqncy 2,889   503    71   341  2,957  1,620   72   611   189   9,253
Prcnt   31.2   5.4    .8   3.7  32.0   17.5    .8   6.6   2.0   100.0


 
 V31   A1:PAY ATTENTION?       
 
 Code             1       3       5       8       9 
                                    DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
 Frequency    3,698   3,866   1,652      24      13   9,253   9,216
 Percent       40.1    41.9    17.9      .0      .0   100.0
 
 
 
 V313  H1:VOTE?                
 
 Code             1       5       8       9 
                            DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
 Frequency    6,671   2,550      12      20   9,253   9,221
 Percent       72.3    27.7      .0      .0   100.0
 
 
 
 V497  KX:PARTY ID SUMMARY     
 
Code     0     1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8      9              
                                                    
DELD   DELD  Totl Revised
Frqncy 1,346 1,547  1,154 773  1,149 1,429  1,268  41  408   138  9,253 8,707
Prcnt   15.5  17.8  13.3  8.9   13.2  16.4   14.6  .5  .0     .0  100.0
 
 
 
 V550  L10X:LIB./CONS. SUMMARY 
 
 Code             1       3       5       8       9 
                                    DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
 Frequency    2,102   1,999   4,458     594     100   9,253   8,559
 Percent       24.6    23.4    52.1      .0      .0   100.0


 
 V605  Y3:MARITAL STATUS       
 
Code    1     2     3     4     5     7     8     9 
                                       DELETED DELETED   Totals   Revised
Frqncy 5,440 1,506 1,015  262  916   65     6    43      9,253    9,204
Prcnt   59.1  16.4  11.0  2.8  10.0  .7    .0    .0      100.0
 

 V631  Y19:RESPONDENT RACE     
 
Code      1       2       3       4       5       8       9 
                                             DELETED DELETED   Totals Revised
Frqncy 8,200     594     114     120     144      10      71   9,253   9,172
Prcent  89.4     6.5     1.2     1.3     1.6      .0      .0   100.0
 
 
 
 V636  Y24:GENDER              
 
 Code             1       2   Totals 
 Frequency    4,195   5,058   9,253
 Percent       45.3    54.7   100.0
 
