CODEBOOK APPENDIX FILE
1990-1992 MERGED FILE







>> 1980 CENSUS DEFINITIONS

                                    - USED 1990 -


THIS NOTE CONTAINS DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED BY THE 1980 U.S. CENSUS OF
POPULATION:


          STANDARD METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS (SMSA's):


The general concept of a metropolitan area is one of a large 
population nucleus, together with adjacent communities that 
have a high degree of economic and social integration with that nucleus.

Each SMSA has one or more central counties containing the area's main
population concentration: an urbanized area with at least 50,000 inhabitants.
An SMSA may also include outlying counties that have close economic and
social relationships with the central counties.  The outlying counties must
have a specified level of commuting to the central counties and must also
meet certain standards regarding metropolitan character, such as population
density, urban population and population growth. In New England, SMSA's are
composed of cities and towns rather than whole counties.

The population living in SMSA's may also be referred to as the metropolitan
population.  The population is subdivided into "inside central city (or
cities)" and "outside central city (or cities)."  (The population living
outside SMSA's constitutes the non-metropolitan population.)  Most SMSA's
have one to three CENTRAL CITIES that are named in the census title of the
SMSA.

          STANDARD CONSOLIDATED STATISTICAL AREAS (SCSA's):

In some parts of the country, metropolitan development has progressed to the
point that adjoining SMSA's are themselves socially and economically
interrelated.  These areas are designated standard consolidated statistical
areas (SCSA's) by the Office of Management and Budget, and are defined using
standards included as part of the new SMSA standards described above. 

                  DEFINITIONS OF THE SIX LARGEST SCSA's:

              NEW YORK-NEWARK-JERSEY CITY, NY-NJ-CT, SCSA

                  New York, NY-NJ, SMSA                                        

                  Nassau-Suffolk, NY, SMSA                                     

                  Newark, NJ, SMSA                                             

                  Jersey City, NJ, SMSA                                        

                  New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville, NJ, SMSA               

                  Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, NJ, SMSA                           

                  Long Branch-Asbury Park, NJ, SMSA                            

                  Stamford, CT, SMSA                                           

                  Norwalk, CT, SMSA                                            


               LOS ANGELES-LONG BEACH-ANAHEIM, CA, SCSA                        

                  Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA, SMSA                             

                  Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, CA, SMSA                     

                  Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA, SMSA                   

                  Oxnard-Simi Valley, CA, SMSA                                 

                                                                               

               CHICAGO-GARY-KENOSHA, IL-IN-WS, SCSA                            

                  Chicago, IL, SMSA                                            

                  Gary-Hammond-East Chicago, IN, SMSA                          

                  Kenosha, WS, SMSA                                            

                                                                               

               PHILADELPHIA-WILMINGTON-TRENTON, PA-DE-NJ-MD, SCSA              

                  Philadelphia, PA-NJ, SMSA                                    

                  Wilmington, DE-NJ-MD, SMSA                                   

                  Trenton, NJ, SMSA                                            

                                                                               

               SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND-SAN JOSE, CA, SCSA                        

                  San Francisco-Oakland, CA, SMSA                              

                  San Jose, CA, SMSA                                           

                  Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA, SMSA                             

                  Santa Rosa, CA, SMSA                                         

                                                                               

               DETROIT-ANN ARBOR, MI, SCSA                                     

                  Detroit, MI, SMSA                                            

                  Ann Arbor, MI, SMSA                                          

                                                                               

              (SOURCE:  Table 2 of 1980 CENSUS OF POPULATION PC80-S1-5,        

              STANDARD METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND STANDARD             

              CONSOLIDATED STATISTICAL AREAS:  1980.)                          


For the purpose of size and distance coding of suburbs and non-SMSA's, the
CENTRAL CITIES of the five largest SCSA's are listed as: New York (Manhattan),
Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Detroit.

URBANIZED AREAS: The major objective of the Census Bureau in delineating
urbanized areas is to provide a better separation of urban and rural
population in the vicinity of large cities.  An urbanized area consists of a
central city or cities, and surrounding closely settled territory ("urban
fringe"). 

PLACES (In these materials called CENSUS PLACES):  Two types of places
are recognized in the census reports -- incorporated places and unincorporated
places, defined as follows:

INCORPORATED PLACES--These are political units incorporated as cities,
boroughs, towns and villages with the following exceptions: (a) boroughs in
Alaska; and (b) towns in New York, Wisconsin and the New England states.

UNINCORPORATED PLACES--The Census Bureau has delineated boundaries for
closely settled population centers without corporate limits.  Each place so 
delineated possesses a definite nucleus of residences and has its boundaries
drawn to include, if feasible, all the surrounding closely settled area.


>> 1990 CENSUS DEFINITIONS

                                    - USED 1992 -


THIS NOTE CONTAINS DEFINITIONS OF THE FOLLOWING TERMS USED BY THE
1990 U.S. CENSUS OF POPULATION:

                    Metropolitan Statistical Areas
                    Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas
                    Urbanized Areas
                    Places
                    Incorporated Places
                    Unincorporated Places


                     1. "METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS (MSA's):"

The general concept of a metropolitan area is one of a large population
nucleus, together with adjacent communities that have a high degree of
economic and social integration with that nucleus.  

In 1990 the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the U.S. Census
have used the term Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) for what in 1980 was
referred to as Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA).  An attempt has
been made by the study staff to be consistent in using the newer terms in the
current documentation and definitions.  The definitions of characteristics to
be classified as a metropolitan area have remained fairly consistent--with
only minor changes between 1980 and 1990.  However, due to changes in
population size and density, employment, commuting and other behavior which
defines metropolitan areas, the specific geographical composition of any given
metropolitan area has, of course, frequently changed.  The specific MSA title
may also have changed as to which cities are named and in what order.

Each MSA has one or more central counties containing the area's main
populationconcentration: an urganized area with at least 50,000 inhabitants.
An MSA may also include outlying counties that have close economic and social
relationships with the central counties.  The outlying counties must have a
specified level of commuting to the central counties and must also meet
certain standards regarding metropolitan character, such as population
density, urban population and population growth.  In New England, MSA's are
composed of cities and towns rather than whole counties.

The population living in MSA's may also be referred to as the metropolitan
population.  The population is subdivided into "inside central city (or
cities)" and "outside central city (or cities)."  (The population living
outside MSA's constitutes the non-metropolitan population.)  Most MSA's have
one to three CENTRAL CITIES that are named in the census title of the MSA.

              2. "CONSOLIDATED METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS (CMSA's):"

In some parts of the country, metropolitan development has progressed to the
point that adjoining MSA's are themselves socially and economically
interrelated. These areas are designated consolidated metropolitan statistical
areas (CMSA's) by the Office of Management and Budget, and are defined using
standards included as part of the new MSA standards described above.  MSA's
that are a part of a CMSA are referred to as primary metropolitan statistical
areas (PMSA's).

                        Definitions of the six largest CMSA's:

          NEW YORK-NORTHERN NEW JERSEY-LONG ISLAND, NY-NJ-CT, CMSA
                    Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA
                    Bridgeport-Milford, CT PMSA
                    Danbury, CT PMSA
                    Jersey City, NJ PMSA
                    Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA
                    Monmouth-Ocean NJ PMSA
                    Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA*
                    New York, NY PMSA*
                    Newark, NJ PMSA*
                    Norwalk, CT PMSA
                    Orange County, NY PMSA
                    Stamford, CT PMSA

          LOS ANGELES-ANAHEIM-RIVERSIDE, CA, CMSA
                    Anaheim-Santa Ana, CA PMSA*
                    Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA PMSA*
                    Oxnard-Ventura, CA PMSA
                    Riverside-San Bernardino, CA PMSA*

          CHICAGO-GARY-LAKE COUNTY (IL), IL-IN-WI CMSA
                    Aurora-Elgin, IL PMSA* (Kane Co part only)
                    Chicago, IL PMSA*
                    Gary-Hammond, IN PMSA
                    Joliet, IL PMSA* (Will Co part only)
                    Kenosha, WI PMSA
                    Lake County, IL PMSA*

          SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND-SAN JOSE, CA, CMSA
                    Oakland, CA PMSA*
                    San Francisco, CA PMSA*
                    San Jose, CA PMSA
                    Santa Cruz, CA PMSA
                    Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA PMSA
                    Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA

          PHILADELPHIA-WILMINGTON-TRENTON, PA-NJ-DE-MD, CMSA
                    Philadelphia, PA-NJ, PMSA*
                    Trenton, NJ PMSA
                    Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ PMSA
                    Wilmington, DE-NJ-MD PMSA

          DETROIT-ANN ARBOR, MI, CMSA
                    Ann Arbor, MI PMSA
                    Detroit, MI PMSA*                       * In the SRC 1980
                                                            National Sample
                                                            (1992 NES sample).

For the purpose of size and distance coding of suburbs and non-MSAs, the
central cities of the six largest CMSAs are listed as:

     1.   New York City (Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens), NY, Elizabeth,
          NJ and Newark, NJ

     2.   Los Angeles, Long Beach, Pasadena, Pomona, Burbank, Anaheim, Santa
          Ana, Riverside, San Bernardino and Palm Springs, CA.

     3.   Chicago, Evanston and Chicago Heights, Aurora, Elgin, Joliet,
           Waukegan and North Chicago, IL

     4.   San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley and Livermore, CA

     5.   Philadelphia and Norristown, PA and Camden, NJ

     6.   Detroit, Dearborn, Pontiac and Port Huron, MI

Both the CMSA definitions and the central city designations above are from
Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 1990, U.S. Office of Management and Budget,
Washington, DC (Jun 1990) (PB90-214420)


                                3. "URBANIZED AREAS:"

The major objective of the Census Bureau in delineating urbanized areas is to 
provide a better separation of urban and rural population in the vicinity of
large cities.  An urbanized area consists of a central city or cities, and
surrounding closely settled territory ("urban fringe").


                                     4. "PLACES:"

Two types of places are recognized in the census reports--incorporated places
and unincorporated places, defined as follows:


                              5. "INCORPORATED PLACES:"

These are political units incorporated as cities, borought, towns and villages
with the following exceptions:  (a) boroughs in Alaska; and (b) towns in New
York, Wisconsin and the New England states.


                             6. "UNINCORPORATED PLACES:"

The Census Bureau has delineated boundaries for closely settled population
centers without corporate limits.  Each place so delineated possesses a
definite nucleus of residences and has its boundaries drawn to include, if
feasible, all the surrounding closely settled area.  These are called Census
Designated Places (CDP's). 

>> ICPSR STATE AND COUNTRY CODES, 1990-1992

                                 - USED 1990, 1992 -


UNITED STATES:

     New England

          101. Connecticut
          102. Maine
          103. Massachusetts
          104. New Hampshire
          105. Rhode Island
          106. Vermont
          109. General mention of area; two or more states in area

     Middle Atlantic

          111. Delaware
          112. New Jersey
          113. New York
          114. Pennsylvania
          118. General mention of area; two or more states in area
               --------------------
          119. EAST; MENTION OF STATES IN BOTH NEW ENGLAND AND MIDDLE ATLANTIC

     East North Central

          121. Illinois
          122. Indiana
          123. Michigan
          124. Ohio
          125. Wisconsin
          129. General mention of area; two or more states in area

     West North Central

          131. Iowa
          132. Kansas
          133. Minnesota
          134. Missouri
          135. Nebraska
          136. North Dakota
          137. South Dakota
          138. General mention of area; two or more states in area
               --------------------
          139. MIDWEST; MENTION OF STATES IN BOTH EAST NORTH CENTRAL AND WEST
               NORTH CENTRAL

     Solid South

          141. Alabama
          142. Arkansas
          143. Florida
          144. Georgia
          145. Louisiana
          146. Mississippi
          147. North Carolina
          148. South Carolina
          149. Texas
          140. Virginia
          157. General mention of area; the South; two or more states in area

     Border States

          151. Kentucky
          152. Maryland
          153. Oklahoma
          154. Tennessee
          155. Washington, D.C.
          156. West Virginia
          158. General mention of area; two or more states in area
               --------------------
          159. SOUTH; MENTION OF STATES IN BOTH SOLID SOUTH AND BORDER STATES

     Mountain States

          161. Arizona
          162. Colorado
          163. Idaho
          164. Montana
          165. Nevada
          166. New Mexico
          167. Utah
          168. Wyoming
          169. General mention of area; two or more states in area

     Pacific States

          171. California
          172. Oregon
          173. Washington
          178. General mention of area; two or more states in area
               ---------------------
          179. WEST; MENTION OF STATES IN BOTH MOUNTAIN STATES AND PACIFIC
               STATES

     External States and Territories

          180. Alaska
          181. Hawaii
          182. Puerto Rico
          183. American Samoa, Guam
          184. Panama Canal Zone
          185. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
          186. Virgin Islands
          187. Other U.S. Dependencies

Reference to Two or More States from Different Regions of the United States;
or NA Which State

          191. Northeast and South (New England or Middle Atlantic and Solid
               South or Border States)
          192. Northeast and Midwest (New England or Middle Atlantic and East
               North Central or West North Central)
          194. West (Mountain States or Pacific States) and Midwest; West and
               Northeast
          195. West and South (Solid South or Border States)
          196. Midwest and South
               --------------------
          198. Lived in 3 or more regions (NA whether lived in one 
               more than the rest)
          199. United States, NA which state




WESTERN HEMISPHERE   Except U.S.

     North America

          201. North America (except U.S.) comb. Canada, Mexico, and/or
               Central America
          207. Canada -- ancestry of Anglo-Saxon origin
          208. Canada -- ancestry of French origin
          209. Canada -- NA origin or other origin
          219. Mexico
          229. Central America

     West Indies (except Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands)

          231. Barbados
          232. Cuba
          233. Dominican Republic
          234. Haiti
          235. Jamaica
          236. Netherlands Antilles
          237. Trinidad and Tobago
          238. Islands of Lesser Antilles--except Virgin Islands and
               Netherlands Antilles
          239. West Indies (except Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands) or
               "Caribbean"--reference to two or more West Indian countries


     South America

          259. South America; South American country or countries



EUROPE

     British Isles

          301. England
          302. Ireland (NA North or South); southern Ireland
          303. Scotland
          304. Wales
          305. Northern Ireland (Ulster)
          306. Scot-Irish
          308. United Kingdom; Great Britain
          309. "BRITISH ISLES"; GENERAL MENTION OF AREA; REFERENCE TO
                TWO OR MORE
                COUNTRIES OF THE BRITISH ISLES

     Western Europe

          310. Austria
          311. Belgium
          312. France
          313. Federal Republic of Germany (W. Germany)
          314. German Democratic Republic (E. Germany)
          315. Germany--NA East or West
          316. Luxembourg
          317. Netherlands; Holland
          318. Switzerland
          319. "WESTERN EUROPE"; GENERAL MENTION OF AREA; REFERENCE TO
               TWO OR MORE COUNTRIES OF WESTERN EUROPE

     Scandinavia

          321. Denmark
          322. Finland
          323. Norway
          324. Sweden
          325. Iceland
               --------------------
          328. GENERAL MENTION OF AREA OF WESTERN EUROPE AND/OR SCANDINAVIA
               AND/OR BRITISH ISLES AND/OR MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES
               AND/OR GREECE; REFERENCE TO TWO OR MORE COUNTRIES IN
               DIFFERENT AREAS LISTED ABOVE
               --------------------
          329. "SCANDINAVIA"; GENERAL MENTION OF AREA; REFERENCE TO TWO 
               OR MORE
               SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES 


     Eastern Europe

          331. Czechoslovakia (Slavic)
          332. Estonia
          333. Hungary
          334. Latvia
          335. Lithuania
          336. Poland
          337. Russia (or U.S.S.R.)
          338. Ukraine
          339. "EASTERN EUROPE"; GENERAL MENTION OF AREA; REFERENCE TO TWO
               OR MORE COUNTRIES OF EASTERN EUROPE

     Balkan Countries

          341. Albania
          342. Bulgaria
          343. Greece
          344. Rumania
          345. Yugoslavia
          348. General mention of area; reference to two or more Balkan
               Countries
               --------------------
          349. "BALKANS"; GENERAL REFERENCE OF AREA; REFERENCE TO
               COUNTRIES IN EASTERN EUROPE AND BALKAN COUNTRIES

     Mediterranean Countries

          351. Italy
          352. Portugal
          353. Spain
          354. Malta or Gozo
               --------------------
          399. "EUROPE"; GENERAL MENTION OF AREA; REFERENCE TO TWO OR MORE
               COUNTRIES OF EUROPE IN DIFFERENT AREAS



ASIA  except Near East

          401. Afghanistan
          404. India
          406. Pakistan  (IN 1990 THIS MAY ALSO APPEAR AS CODE 405) 
          428. Southeast Asia:  Indochina, Thailand, Malaya, Burma,
               Philippines,
               Indonesia; Hong Kong
          431. China (mainland)
          434. Taiwan, Formosa  (IN 1990 THIS MAY ALSO APPEAR AS CODE 432) 
          451. Japan
          452. Korea (North or South)
          499. "ASIA"; GENERAL MENTION OF AREA; REFERENCE TO TWO OR MORE
               COUNTRIES OF ASIA

NEAR EAST

          501. U.A.R. (Egypt)
          502. Iran
          503. Iraq
          504. Israel (or Palestine)
          505. Jordan
          506. Lebanon
          507. Saudi Arabia
          508. Syria
          509. Turkey
          599. "NEAR EAST"; "MIDDLE EAST"; GENERAL MENTION OF AREA; 
               REFERENCE TO
               TWO OR MORE COUNTRIES OF NEAR EAST


AFRICA

          655. South Africa
          699. Africa; any African country or countries, excluding only South
               Africa and U.A.R. (Egypt)


OCEANIA

          704. Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania



     OTHER:


            997.    Other (combinations) not codeable elsewhere

          998. DK
          999. NA

          000. INAP



>> CITIES WITH POPULATION OF 25,000 OR MORE, 1990-1992


                                 - USED 1990, 1992 -


THIS LIST WAS DEVELOPED FROM THE 1973 WORLD ALMANAC AND BOOK OF
FACTS, PP. 152-188 (1970 POPULATION FIGURES):

     -    The first four digits are a unique code number for each city.

     -    The fifth digit is the urbanicity code for each city, as used in the
          1971 Quality of Life Study:

               1 = CITY OF OVER 1,000,000
               2 = CITY OF OVER 25,000 AND UP TO 250,000 IN AN SMSA OF 
                    1,000,000 OR MORE
               3 = CITY OF UNDER 25,000 IN AN SMSA OF 1,000,000 OR MORE
               4 = CITY OF OVER 250,000 AND UP TO 1,000,000
               5 = CITY OF OVER 50,000 AND UP TO 250,000 NOT IN SMSA OF
                   1,000,000 OR MORE
               6 = CITY OF 50,000 OR LESS NOT IN SMSA OF 1,000,000 OR MORE
               9 = NA



(141) ALABAMA  (161) ARIZONA

     0001 6.  Anniston                      *0208 6.  Chandler
    *0015 6.  Auburn                         0200 6.  Flagstaff
     0002 6.  Bessemer                       0201 6.  Glendale
     0003 4.  Birmingham                     0202 5.  Mesa
     0004 6.  Decatur                        0203 4.  Phoenix
     0005 6.  Dothan                         0204 5.  Scottsdale
     0006 6.  Florence                      *0209 6.  Sun City
     0007 5.  Gadsden                        0205 5.  Tempe
     0008 5.  Huntsville                     0206 4.  Tuscon
     0009 5.  Mobile                         0207 6.  Yuma
     0010 5.  Montgomery
     0011 6.  Phenix City                    (142) ARKANSAS
     0012 6.  Prichard
     0013 6.  Selma                          0300 6.  Blytheville
     0014 5.  Tuscaloosa                     0301 6.  El Dorado
                                             0302 6.  Fayetteville
(180) ALASKA                                 0303 5.  Fort Smith
                                             0304 6.  Hot Springs
     0100 6.  Anchorage                     *0310 6.  Jacksonville
                                             0305 6.  Jonesboro
                                             0306 5.  Little Rock
                                             0307 5.  North Little Rock
                                             0308 5.  Pine Bluff
                                             0309 5.  West Memphis
(171) CALIFORNIA

     0400 2.  Alameda
     0401 2.  Alhambra
     0402 2.  Altadena
     0403 2.  Anaheim
     0404 2.  Antioch
     0405 2.  Arcadia
     0406 5.  Arden-Arcade
     0407 2.  Azusa
     0408 5.  Bakersfield
     0409 2.  Baldwin Park
    *0557 2.  Bell
     0410 2.  Bellflower
     0411 2.  Bell Gardens
     0412 2.  Belmont
     0413 2.  Berkley
     0414 2.  Beverly Hills
    *0558 2.  Brea
     0415 2.  Buena Park
     0416 2.  Burbank
     0417 2.  Burlingame
    *0559 6.  Camarillo
     0418 2.  Campbell
    *0560 2.  Carlsbad
     0419 6.  Carmichael
     0420 2.  Carson
     0421 2.  Castro Valley
    *0561 2.  Cerritos
    *0562 6.  Chico
    *0563 2.  Chino
     0422 2.  Chula Vista
    *0564 6.  Citrus Heights
     0423 2.  Claremont
    *0565 6.  Clovis
     0424 2.  Compton
     0425 2.  Concord
     0426 2.  Corona
     0427 2.  Costa Mesa
     0428 2.  Covina
     0429 2.  Culver City
    *0566 2.  Cupertino
     0430 2.  Cypress
     0431 2.  Daly City
    *0567 2.  Danville
     0432 6.  Davis
    *0568 2.  Diamond Bar
     0433 2.  Downey
     0434 2.  East Los Angeles
     0435 2.  El Cajon
     0436 2.  El Cerrito
     0437 2.  El Monte
    *0569 2.  El Toro
     0438 2.  Escondido
     0439 6.  Eureka
     0440 6.  Fairfield



     0441 2.  Florence-Graham
    *0570 2.  Fontana
     0442 2.  Fountain Valley
     0443 2.  Fremont
     0444 5.  Fresno
     0445 2.  Fullerton
     0446 2.  Gardena
     0447 2.  Garden Grove
     0448 2.  Glendale
     0449 2.  Glendora
     0450 2.  Hacienda Heights
     0451 2.  Hawthorne
     0452 2.  Hayward
     0453 2.  Huntington Beach
     0454 2.  Huntington Park
     0455 2.  Inglewood
    *0571 2.  Irvine
    *0572 2.  Laguna Hills
     0456 2.  La Habra
     0457 2.  Lakewood
     0458 2.  La Mesa
     0459 2.  La Mirada
     0460 2.  Lancaster
     0461 2.  La Puente
     0462 2.  Lawndale
     0463 2.  Livermore
     0464 6.  Lodi
     0465 6.  Lompoc
     0466 4.  Long Beach
     0467 2.  Los Altos
     0468 1.  Los Angeles
     0469 2.  Los Gatos
     0470 2.  Lynwood
     0471 2.  Manhattan Beach
    *0573 6.  Manteca
     0472 2.  Menlo Park
    *0574 6.  Merced
     0473 2.  Milpitas
    *0575 2.  Mission Viejo
     0474 5.  Modesto
     0475 2.  Monrovia
     0476 2.  Montebello
     0477 6.  Monterey
     0478 2.  Monterey Park
     0479 2.  Mountain View
     0480 6.  Napa
     0481 2.  National City
     0482 2.  Newark
     0483 2.  Newport Beach
     0484 6.  North Highlands
     0485 2.  Norwalk
     0486 2.  Novato
     0487 4.  Oakland
     0488 2.  Oceanside

CALIFORNIA  (continued)

     0489 2.  Ontario
     0490 2.  Orange
     0491 5.  Oxnard
     0492 2.  Pacifica
    *0576 2.  Palm Springs
     0493 2.  Palo Alto
     0494 2.  Palos Verdes
              Peninsula
     0495 2.  Paramount
     0496 6.  Parkway-Sacramento
              South
     0497 2.  Pasadena
     0498 6.  Petaluma
     0499 2.  Pico Rivera
    *0577 2.  Pittsburg
    *0578 2.  Placentia
     0500 2.  Pleasant Hill
    *0579 2.  Pleasanton
     0501 2.  Pomona
    *0580 2.  Poway
     0502 6.  Rancho Cordova
    *0581 2.  Rancho Cucamonga
    *0582 2.  Rancho Palos Verdes
    *0583 6.  Redding
     0503 2.  Redlands
     0504 2.  Redando Beach
     0505 2.  Redwood City
     0506 2.  Rialto
     0507 2.  Richmond
     0508 2.  Riverside
     0509 2.  Rosemead
    *0584 2.  Rowland Heights
     0510 4.  Sacramento
     0511 5.  Salinas
     0512 2.  San Bernardino
     0513 2.  San Bruno
     0514 2.  San Carlos
    *0585 2.  San Clemente
     0515 4.  San Diego
     0516 4.  San Francisco
     0517 2.  San Gabriel
     0518 4.  San Jose
     0519 2.  San Leandro
     0520 2.  San Lorenzo
     0521 6.  San Luis Obispo
     0522 2.  San Mateo
     0523 2.  San Rafael
     0524 2.  Santa Ana
     0525 5.  Santa Barbara
     0526 2.  Santa Clara
     0527 6.  Santa Cruz
     0528 6.  Santa Maria
     0529 2.  Santa Monica
     0530 5.  Santa Rosa
    *0586 2.  Santee



     0531 2.  Saratoga
     0532 2.  Seal Beach
     0533 6.  Seaside
     0534 5.  Simi Valley
     0535 2.  South Gate
     0536 2.  S. San Francisco
     0537 2.  South Whittier
     0538 2.  Spring Valley
     0539 5.  Stockton
     0540 2.  Sunnyvale
     0541 2.  Temple City
     0542 6.  Thousand Oaks
     0543 2.  Torrance
    *0587 6.  Turlock
    *0588 2.  Tustin
     0544 2.  Tustin-Foothills
    *0589 2.  Union City
     0545 2.  Upland
    *0590 6.  Vacaville
     0546 5.  Vallejo
     0547 5.  Ventura
     0548 6.  Visalia
     0549 2.  Vista
     0550 2.  Walnut Creek
     0551 2.  West Covina
     0552 2.  West Hollywood
     0553 2.  Westminster
     0554 9.  Westmont
     0555 2.  Whittier
     0556 2.  Willowbrook
    *0591 6.  Woodland
    *0592 2.  Yorba Linda


(162) COLORADO
     0600 2.  Arvada
     0601 2.  Aurora
     0602 2.  Boulder
     0603 5.  Colorado Springs
     0604 4.  Denver
     0605 2.  Englewood
     0606 6.  Fort Collins
    *0613 6.  Grand Junction
     0607 6.  Greeley
     0608 2.  Lakewood
     0609 2.  Littleton
    *0614 2.  Longmont
    *0615 6.  Loveland
     0610 9.  North Glenn
     0611 5.  Pueblo
    *0616 2.  Southglenn
    *0617 2.  Thornton
    *0618 2.  Westminster
     0612 2.  Wheat Ridge

(101) CONNECTICUT

     0700 5.  Bridgeport
     0701 5.  Bristol
     0702 5.  Danbury
     0703 5.  East Hartford
     0704 6.  East Haven
     0705 6.  Enfield
     0706 5.  Fairfield
     0707 5.  Greenwich
     0708 6.  Groton
     0709 6.  Hamden
     0710 5.  Hartford
     0711 6.  Manchester
     0712 5.  Meriden
     0713 6.  Middletown
     0714 5.  Milford
    *0734 6.  Naugatuck
     0715 5.  New Britain
     0716 5.  New Haven
     0717 6.  Newington
     0718 6.  New London
     0719 5.  Norwalk
     0720 6.  Norwich
     0721 6.  Shelton
     0722 6.  Southington
     0723 5.  Stamford
     0724 6.  Stratford
     0725 6.  Torrington
     0726 6.  Trumball
     0727 6.  Vernon
     0728 6.  Wallingford
     0729 5.  Waterbury
     0730 5.  West Hartford
     0731 5.  West Haven
     0732 6.  Westport
     0733 6.  Wethersfield
      *0735 6.  Windsor


(111) DELAWARE

    *0801 6.  Newark
     0800 5.  Wilmington


(155) DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

     0900 4.  Washington


(143) FLORIDA

     1000 6.  Boca Raton
    *1032 6.  Boynton Beach
    *1033 6.  Bradenton



    *1034 6.  Cape Coral
     1001 2.  Carol City
     1002 2.  Clearwater
     1003 2.  Coral Gables
    *1035 6.  Coral Springs
     1004 6.  Daytona Beach
    *1036 6.  Deerfield Beach
    *1037 6.  Delray Beach
    *1038 2.  Dunedin
     1005 5.  Fort Lauderdale
     1007 6.  Fort Myers
     1008 6.  Fort Pierce
     1009 5.  Gainesville
    *1039 6.  Hallandale
     1010 2.  Hialeah
     1011 5.  Hollywood
     1012 4.  Jacksonville
    *1040 2.  Kendale Lakes
     1013 2.  Kendall
     1014 6.  Key West
     1015 6.  Lakeland
    *1041 6.  Lake Worth
    *1042 2.  Largo
    *1043 6.  Lauderdale Lakes
    *1044 6.  Lauderhill
    *1045 6.  Margate
     1016 6.  Melbourne
     1017 6.  Merritt Island
     1018 4.  Miami
     1019 2.  Miami Beach
    *1046 6.  Miramar
     1020 2.  North Miami
     1021 2.  North Miami Beach
    *1047 6.  Ocala
    *1048 2.  Olympia Heights
     1022 5.  Orlando
     1023 6.  Panama City
    *1049 6.  Pembroke Pines
     1024 5.  Pensacola
    *1050 6.  Pine Hills
    *1051 2.  Pinellas Park
    *1052 6.  Plantation
     1025 6.  Pompano Beach
    *1053 6.  Port Charlotte
    *1054 6.  Riviera Beach
     1026 2.  St. Petersburg
     1027 6.  Sarasota
    *1055 6.  Sunrise
     1028 5.  Tallahassee
    *1056 2.  Tamarac
     1029 4.  Tampa
     1030 6.  Titusville
    *1057 2.  Town 'n' Country
    *1058 2.  Westchester
    *1059 2.  West Little River
     1031 5.  West Palm Beach

(144) GEORGIA

     1100 5.  Albany
     1101 6.  Athens
     1102 4.  Atlanta
     1103 5.  Augusta
    *1113 2.  Candler-McAfee
     1104 5.  Columbus
     1105 2.  East Point
     1106 6.  Fort Benning
    *1114 2.  Mableton
     1107 5.  Macon
     1108 2.  Marietta
    *1115 2.  North Atlanta
     1109 6.  Rome
    *1116 2.  Sandy Springs
     1110 5.  Savannah
    *1117 6.  South Augusta
    *1118 2.  Tucker
     1111 6.  Valdosta
     1112 6.  Warner Robins

(181) HAWAII

    *1205 6.  Aiea
     1200 6.  Hilo
     1201 4.  Honolulu
     1202 6.  Kailua
     1203 6.  Kanoehe
    *1206 6.  Pearl City
     1204 6.  Wiapahu

(163) IDAHO

     1300 5.  Boise City
     1301 6.  Idaho Falls
     1302 6.  Lewiston
    *1304 6.  Nampa
     1303 6.  Pocatello
    *1305 6.  Twin Falls

(121) ILLINOIS

     1400 2.  Addison
     1401 2.  Alton
     1402 2.  Arlington Heights
     1403 2.  Aurora
     1404 2.  Belleville
     1405 2.  Berwyn
     1406 6.  Bloomington
    *1461 2.  Bolingbrook
     1407 2.  Burbank
     1408 2.  Calumet City
    *1462 6.  Carbondale
     1409 2.  Carpentersville
     1410 5.  Champaign
     1411 1.  Chicago
     1412 2.  Chicago Heights
     1413 2.  Cicero
     1414 6.  Danville
     1415 5.  Decatur
    *1463 6.  DeKalb
     1416 2.  Des Plaines
     1417 2.  Dolton
     1418 2.  Downers Grove
     1419 2.  East St. Louis
     1420 2.  Elgin
    *1464 2.  Elk Grove
     1421 2.  Elmhurst
     1422 2.  Elmwood Park
     1423 2.  Evanston
     1424 2.  Evergreen Park
     1425 6.  Freeport
     1426 6.  Galesburg
     1427 2.  Glenview
     1428 2.  Granite City
    *1465 2.  Hanover Park
     1429 2.  Harvey
     1430 2.  Highland Park
    *1466 2.  Hoffman Estates
     1431 2.  Joliet
     1432 6.  Kankakee
     1433 2.  Lansing
     1434 2.  Lombard
     1435 2.  Maywood
     1436 6.  Moline
     1437 2.  Morton Grove
     1438 2.  Mount Prospect
    *1467 2.  Naperville
     1439 2.  Niles
     1440 6.  Normal
     1441 2.  Northbrook
     1442 2.  North Chicago
    *1468 2.  Oak Forest
     1443 2.  Oak Lawn
     1444 2.  Oak Park
     1445 2.  Palatine
     1446 2.  Park Forest
     1447 2.  Park Ridge
     1448 6.  Pekin
     1449 5.  Peoria
     1450 6.  Quincy
     1451 6.  Rantoul
     1452 5.  Rockford
     1453 5.  Rock Island
    *1469 2.  Shaumburg
     1454 2.  Skokie
    *1470 2.  South Holland
     1455 5.  Springfield
    *1471 2.  Tinley Park
     1456 6.  Urbana
     1457 2.  Villa Park
     1458 2.  Waukegan
     1459 2.  Wheaton
     1460 2.  Wilmette

(122) INDIANA

     1500 5.  Anderson
     1501 6.  Bloomington
     1502 6.  Columbus
     1503 2.  East Chicago
     1504 6.  Elkhart
     1505 5.  Evansville
     1506 5.  Fort Wayne
     1507 2.  Gary
     1508 2.  Hammond
     1509 2.  Highland
     1510 4.  Indianapolis
     1511 6.  Kokomo
     1512 6.  Lafayette
    *1521 2.  Lawrence
     1513 6.  Marion
    *1522 2.  Merrillville
     1514 6.  Michigan City
     1515 6.  Mishawaka
     1516 5.  Muncie
     1517 6.  New Albany
    *1523 2.  Portage
     1518 6.  Richmond
     1519 5.  South Bend
     1520 5.  Terre Haute


(131) IOWA

     1600 6.  Ames
    *1616 6.  Bettendorf
     1601 6.  Burlington
     1602 6.  Cedar Falls
     1603 5.  Cedar Rapids
     1604 6.  Clinton
     1605 5.  Council Bluffs
     1606 5.  Davenport
     1607 5.  Des Moines
     1608 5.  Dubuque
     1609 6.  Fort Dodge
     1610 6.  Iowa City
     1611 6.  Marshallton
     1612 6.  Mason City
     1613 6.  Ottumwa
     1614 5.  Sioux City
     1615 5.  Waterloo


(132) KANSAS

    *1710 6.  Emporia
     1700 6.  Hutchinson
     1701 2.  Kansas City
     1702 6.  Lawrence
     1703 6.  Leavenworth
     1704 6.  Manhattan
    *1711 2.  Olathe
     1705 2.  Overland Park
     1706 2.  Prairie Village
     1707 6.  Salina
    *1712 2.  Shawnee
     1708 5.  Topeka
     1709 4.  Witchita


(151) KENTUCKY

     1800 6.  Ashland
     1801 6.  Bowling Green
     1802 2.  Covington
     1803 6.  Fort Knox
    *1811 6.  Frankfort
    *1812 6.  Henderson
    *1813 6.  Hopkinsville
     1804 5.  Lexington-Fayette
     1805 4.  Louisville
     1806 2.  Newport
     1807 5.  Owensboro
     1808 6.  Paducah
     1809 6.  Pleasant Ridge Park
     1810 6.  Valley Station


(145) LOUISIANA

     1900 6.  Alexandria
     1901 5.  Baton Rouge
     1902 6.  Bossier City
    *1914 2.  Chalmette
     1903 2.  Gretna
     1904 6.  Houma
     1905 2.  Kenner
     1906 5.  Lafayette
     1907 5.  Lake Charles
     1908 2.  Marrero
     1909 2.  Metairie
     1910 5.  Monroe
     1911 6.  New Iberia
     1912 4.  New Orleans
     1913 5.  Shreveport
    *1915 2.  Slidell


(102) MAINE

     2000 6.  Auburn
     2001 6.  Bangor
     2002 6.  Lewiston
     2003 5.  Portland

(152) MARYLAND

     2100 2.  Annapolis
    *2123 2.  Aspen Hill
     2101 4.  Baltimore
     2102 2.  Bethesda
     2103 2.  Bowie
     2104 2.  Catonsville
     2105 2.  Chillum
     2106 2.  College Park
    *2124 2.  Columbia
     2107 6.  Cumberland
     2108 2.  Dundalk
     2109 2.  Essex
    *2125 6.  Frederick
    *2126 2.  Gaithersburg
     2110 2.  Glen Burnie
     2111 6.  Hagerstown
     2112 9.  Hillcrest Heights
    *2127 2.  Lochearn
     2113 2.  Lutherville-Timonium
    *2128 2.  Middle River
    *2129 2.  Oxon Hill
     2114 2.  Parkville
     2115 2.  Pikesville
    *2130 2.  Potomac
     2116 2.  Randallstown
     2117 2.  Rockville
    *2131 2.  Security
     2118 2.  Silver Spring
     2119 2.  Suitland-Silver Hill
     2120 2.  Towson
     2121 2.  Wheaton-Glenmont


(103) MASSACHUSETTS

    *2260 6.  Agawam
     2200 6.  Amherst
     2201 6.  Andover
     2202 2.  Arlington
     2203 6.  Attleboro
    *2261 6.  Barnstable
     2204 2.  Belmont
     2205 2.  Beverly
     2206 6.  Bilerica
     2207 4.  Boston
     2208 2.  Braintree
     2209 5.  Brockton
     2210 2.  Brookline
     2211 2.  Cambridge
     2212 6.  Chelmsford
     2213 2.  Chelsea
     2214 5.  Chicopee
     2215 2.  Danvers
     2216 2.  Dedham
     2217 2.  Everett
     2218 5.  Fall River
     2219 6.  Fitchburg
     2220 2.  Framingham
     2221 6.  Gloucester
     2222 6.  Haverhill
     2223 5.  Holyoke
     2224 5.  Lawrence
     2225 6.  Leominster
     2226 2.  Lexington
     2227 5.  Lowell
     2228 5.  Lynn
     2229 2.  Malden
     2230 6.  Marlborough
     2231 2.  Medford
     2232 2.  Melrose
     2233 6.  Methuen
     2234 2.  Milton
     2235 2.  Natick
     2236 2.  Needham
     2237 5.  New Bedford
     2238 2.  Newton
     2239 6.  Northampton
     2240 2.  Norwood
     2241 2.  Peabody
     2242 5.  Pittsfield
    *2262 6.  Plymouth
     2243 2.  Quincy
     2244 2.  Randolph
     2245 2.  Revere
     2246 2.  Salem
     2247 2.  Saugus
     2248 2.  Somerville
     2249 5.  Springfield
    *2263 2.  Stoughton
     2250 6.  Tauton
     2251 2.  Wakefield
     2252 2.  Waltham
     2253 2.  Watertown
     2254 2.  Wellesley
     2255 6.  Westfield
     2256 6.  West Springfield
     2257 2.  Weymouth
     2258 2.  Woburn
     2259 5.  Worcester


(123) MICHIGAN

     2300 2.  Allen Park
     2301 5.  Ann Arbor
    *2345 2.  Avon Township
     2302 6.  Battle Creek
     2303 6.  Bay City
     2304 2.  Birmingham
    *2346 2.  Bloomfield Township
    *2347 6.  Burton
    *2348 2.  Clinton Township
     2305 2.  Dearborn
     2306 2.  Dearborn Heights
     2307 1.  Detroit
     2308 2.  East Detroit
     2309 6.  East Lansing
    *2349 2.  Farmington Hills
     2310 2.  Ferndale
     2311 5.  Flint
     2312 2.  Garden City
     2313 5.  Grand Rapids
     2314 2.  Hamtramck
     2315 2.  Highland Park
     2316 6.  Holland
     2317 2.  Inkster
     2318 6.  Jackson
     2319 5.  Kalamazoo
     *2350 6.  Kentwood
     2320 5.  Lansing
     2321 2.  Lincoln Park
     2322 2.  Livonia
     2323 2.  Madison Heights
     2324 6.  Midland
     2325 6.  Muskegon
     2326 2.  Oak Park
     2327 2.  Pontiac
     2328 6.  Portage
     2329 6.  Port Huron
    *2351 2.  Redford Township
    *2352 2.  Romulus
     2330 2.  Roseville
     2331 2.  Royal Oak
     2332 5.  Saginaw
     2333 2.  St. Clair Shores
     2334 2.  Southfield
     2335 2.  Southgate
     2336 2.  Sterling Heights
     2337 2.  Taylor
     2338 2.  Trenton
     2339 2.  Troy
     2340 2.  Warren
    *2353 2.  Waterford
    *2354 2.  West Bloomfield Twp
     2341 2.  Westland
     2342 2.  Wyandotte
     2343 5.  Wyoming
     2344 6.  Ypsilanti


(133) MINNESOTA

     2400 6.  Austin
    *2423 2.  Blaine
     2401 2.  Bloomington
     2402 2.  Brooklyn Center
     2403 6.  Brooklyn Park
    *2424 2.  Burnsville
     2404 2.  Coon Rapids
     2405 2.  Crystal
     2406 5.  Duluth
     2407 2.  Edina
     2408 2.  Fridley
     2409 2.  Golden Valley
     2410 6.  Mankato
     2411 9.  Maplewood
     2412 4.  Minneapolis
     2413 2.  Minnetonka
     2414 6.  Moorhead
    *2425 2.  Plymouth
     2415 2.  Richfield
     2416 5.  Rochester
     2417 2.  Roseville
     2418 6.  St. Cloud
     2419 2.  St. Louis Park
     2420 4.  St. Paul
     2421 2.  South St. Paul
     2422 6.  Winona


(146) MISSISSIPPI

     2500 6.  Biloxi
     2501 6.  Columbus
     2502 6.  Greenville
     2503 6.  Gulfport
     2504 6.  Hattiesburg
     2505 5.  Jackson
     2506 6.  Laurel
     2507 6.  Meridian
     2508 6.  Pascagoula
     2509 6.  Vicksburg


(134) MISSOURI

     2600 2.  Affton
    *2620 2.  Blue Springs
     2601 6.  Cape Girardeau
     2602 5.  Columbia
     2603 2.  Ferguson
     2604 2.  Florissant
     2605 6.  Fort Leonard Wood
    *2621 2.  Gladstone
     2606 2.  Independence
     2607 6.  Jefferson City
     2608 4.  Joplin
     2609 4.  Kansas City
     2610 2.  Kirkwood
    *2622 2.  Lee's Summit
     2611 2.  Lemay

(123) MISSOURI cont.
     2612 2.  Overland
     2613 2.  Raytown
     2614 2.  St. Charles
     2615 5.  St. Joseph
     2616 4.  St. Louis
     2617 5.  Springfield
     2618 2.  University City
     2619 2.  Webster Groves


(164) MONTANA

     2700 5.  Billings
    *2703 6.  Butte-Silver Bow
     2701 5.  Great Falls
     2702 6.  Missoula


(135) NEBRASKA

     2800 6.  Grand Island
     2801 5.  Lincoln
     2802 4.  Omaha


(165) NEVADA

    *2905 6.  Carson City
     2900 5.  Las Vegas
     2901 6.  North Las Vegas
     2902 6.  Paradise
     2903 5.  Reno
     2904 6.  Sparks
    *2906 6.  Sunrise Manor


(104) NEW HAMPSHIRE

     3000 6.  Concord
     3001 5.  Manchester
     3002 5.  Nashua
     3003 6.  Portsmouth


(112) NEW JERSEY

     3100 6.  Atlantic City
     3101 2.  Bayonne
     3102 2.  Belleville
     3103 2.  Bergenfield
     3104 2.  Bloomfield
     3105 6.  Brick Township
     3106 2.  Camden
     3107 2.  Cherry Hill Township
     3108 2.  Clifton


     3109 2.  Cranford Township
     3110 2.  Deptford Township
     3111 2.  East Brunswick Twp
     3112 2.  East Orange
     3113 2.  Edison Township
     3114 2.  Elizabeth
     3115 2.  Englewood
     3116 9.  Ewing Township
     3117 2.  Fair Lawn
     3118 6.  Fort Dix
     3119 2.  Fort Lee
     3120 2.  Garfield
     3121 2.  Hackensack
     3122 2.  Hoboken
     3123 2.  Irvington
     3124 4.  Jersey City
     3125 2.  Kearny
     3126 2.  Linden
     3127 2.  Livingston Township
     3128 2.  Lodi
     3129 6.  Long Branch
     3130 2.  Maplewood Township
     3131 2.  Mercerville-Hamilton
              Sq.
     3132 5.  Middletown Township
     3133 2.  Montclair
     3134 5.  Neptune Township
     3135 4.  Newark
     3136 2.  New Brunswick
     3137 9.  New Hanover
     3138 2.  North Bergen Twp
     3139 2.  Nutley
     3140 2.  Old Bridge
     3141 2.  Orange
     3142 2.  Paramus
    *3163 2.  Parsippany-Troy Hills
     3143 2.  Passaic
     3144 2.  Paterson
     3145 2.  Pennsauken Township
     3146 2.  Perth Amboy
     3147 2.  Piscataway Township
     3148 2.  Plainfield
     3149 2.  Rahway
     3150 2.  Ridgewood
     3151 2.  Sayreville
     3152 2.  Teaneck Township
     3153 5.  Trenton
     3154 2.  Union Township
     3155 2.  Union City
     3156 6.  Vineland
     3157 2.  Wayne Township
     3158 2.  Westfield
     3159 2.  West New York
     3160 5.  West Orange
     3161 2.  Willingboro Township
     3162 2.  Woodbridge Township


(166) NEW MEXICO

     3200 5.  Albuquerque

    *3207 6.  Carlsbad
     3201 6.  Clovis
    *3208 6.  Farmington
     3202 6.  Hobbs
     3203 6.  Las Cruces
     3204 6.  Roswell
     3205 6.  Santa Fe
     3206 6.  South Valley


(113) NEW YORK

     3300 5.  Albany
     3301 6.  Amsterdam
     3302 6.  Auburn
     3303 2.  Baldwin
     3304 5.  Binghamton
     3305 2.  Brentwood
    *3354 6.  Brighton
     3306 4.  Buffalo
    *3355 2.  Centereach
     3307 2.  Central Islip
    *3356 2.  Cheektowaga
     3308 2.  Commack
     3309 2.  Deer Park
    *3357 2.  Dix Hills
     3310 2.  East Meadow
     3311 6.  Elmira
     3312 2.  Elmont
     3313 2.  Franklin Square
     3314 2.  Freeport
     3315 2.  Garden City
     3316 2.  Glen Cove
     3317 2.  Hempstead
     3318 2.  Hicksville
     3319 2.  Huntington Station
    *3358 6.  Irondequoit
     3320 6.  Ithaca
     3321 6.  Jamestown
     3322 6.  Kingston
     3323 2.  Lackawanna
    *3359 2.  Lake Ronkonkoma
     3324 2.  Levittown
     3325 2.  Lindenhurst
     3326 2.  Lockport
     3327 2.  Long Beach
     3328 2.  Massapequa
     3329 2.  Merrick
     3330 2.  Mount Vernon
     3331 6.  Newvurgh
     3332 2.  New City
     3333 2.  New Rochelle
     3334 1.  New York
     3335 2.  Niagara Falls
     3336 2.  North Babylon
    *3360 2.  North Bay Shore
     3337 2.  North Tonawanda
     3338 2.  Oceanside
     3339 2.  Plainview
     3340 2.  Port Chester
     3341 6.  Poughkeepsie
     3342 4.  Rochester
     3343 2.  Rockville Centre
     3344 5.  Rome
     3345 6.  Rotterdam
     3346 5.  Schenectady
    *3361 2.  Smithtown
     3347 5.  Syracuse
    *3362 2.  Tonawanda
     3348 5.  Troy
     3349 5.  Utica
     3350 2.  Valley Stream
     3351 6.  Watertown
    *3363 2.  West Babylon
    *3364 2.  West Islip
    *3365 2.  West Seneca
     3352 2.  White Plains
     3353 2.  Yonkers


(147) NORTH CAROLINA

     3400 5.  Asheville
     3401 6.  Burlington
     3402 6.  Camp Lejeune
     3403 6.  Chapel Hill
     3404 5.  Charlotte
     3405 5.  Durham
     3406 5.  Fayetteville
     3407 6.  Fort Bragg
     3408 6.  Gastonia
     3409 6.  Goldsboro
     3410 5.  Greensboro
     3411 6.  Greenville
     3412 5.  High Point
     3413 6.  Kannapolis
    *3419 6.  Kinston
     3414 5.  Raleigh
     3415 6.  Rocky Mount
     3416 6.  Wilmington
     3417 6.  Wilson
     3418 5.  Winston-Salem


(136) NORTH DAKOTA

     3500 6.  Bismarck
     3501 5.  Fargo
     3502 6.  Grand Forks
     3503 6.  Minot

(124) OHIO

     3600 4.  Akron
     3601 6.  Alliance
     3602 6.  Athens
     3603 6.  Austintown
     3604 6.  Barberton
    *3651 6.  Beavercreek
     3605 6.  Boardman
    *3652 6.  Bowling Green
     3606 2.  Brook Park
    *3653 2.  Brunswick
     3607 5.  Canton
     3608 4.  Cincinnati
     3609 4.  Cleveland
     3610 2.  Cleveland Heights
     3611 4.  Columbus
     3612 6.  Cuyahoga Falls
     3613 5.  Dayton
    *3654 2.  Delhi Hills
     3614 2.  East Cleveland
     3615 5.  Elyria
     3616 2.  Euclid
     3617 6.  Fairborn
    *3655 6.  Fairfield
     3618 6.  Findlay
     3619 2.  Garfield Heights
     3620 5.  Hamilton
    *3656 6.  Huber Heights
     3621 6.  Kent
     3622 5.  Kettering
     3623 2.  Lakewood
     3624 6.  Lancaster
     3625 5.  Lima
     3626 5.  Lorain
     3627 5.  Mansfield
     3628 2.  Maple Heights
     3629 6.  Marion
     3630 6.  Massillon
     3631 2.  Mentor
     3632 6.  Middletown
     3633 6.  Newark
     3634 2.  North Olmsted
     3635 2.  Norwood
     3636 2.  Parma
     3637 9.  Parma Heights
     3638 6.  Portsmouth
     3639 6.  Sandusky
     3640 2.  Shaker Heights
     3641 2.  South Euclid
     3642 5.  Springfield
     3643 6.  Steubenville
    *3657 6.  Stow
    *3658 2.  Strongsville
     3644 4.  Toledo
     3645 2.  Upper Arlington
     3646 5.  Warren
     3647 2.  Whitehall
     3648 2.  Xenia
     3649 5.  Youngstown
     3650 6.  Zanesville


(153) OKLAHOMA

     3700 6.  Bartlesville
    *3712 6.  Broken Arrow
     3701 6.  Del City
    *3713 6.  Edmond
     3702 6.  Enid
     3703 5.  Lawton
     3704 6.  Midwest City
    *3714 6.  Moore
     3705 6.  Muskogee
     3706 5.  Norman
     3707 4.  Oklahoma City
     3708 6.  Ponca City
     3709 6.  Shawnee
     3710 6.  Stilwater
     3711 4.  Tulsa


(172) OREGON

    *3806 6.  Albany
    *3807 2.  Beaverton
     3800 6.  Corvallis
     3801 5.  Eugene
    *3808 2.  Gresham
    *3809 2.  Hazlewood
    *3810 2.  Hillsboro
     3802 6.  Medford
     3803 4.  Portland
     3804 5.  Salem
     3805 6.  Springfield


(114) PENNSYLVANIA

    *3928 2.  Abington Township
     3900 5.  Allentown
     3901 5.  Altoona
     3902 9.  Baldwin
    *3929 2.  Bensalem Township
     3903 2.  Bethel Park
     3904 5.  Bethlehem
    *3930 2.  Bristol Township
    *3931 2.  Cheltenham
     3905 2.  Chester
     3906 6.  Easton
     3907 5.  Erie
    *3932 2.  Falls Township
     3908 5.  Harrisburg
    *3933 2.  Haverford Township
     3909 6.  Hasleton
     3910 6.  Johnstown
     3911 5.  Lancaster
     3912 6.  Lebanon
    *3934 2.  Lower Merion Twp
    *3935 2.  McCandless Township
     3913 2.  McKeesport
     3914 2.  Monroeville
    *3936 2.  Mount Lebanon
     3915 6.  New Castle
     3916 2.  Norristown
    *3937 2.  Penn Hills
     3917 1.  Philadelphia
     3918 4.  Pittsburgh
    *3938 2.  Plum
     3919 2.  Pottstown
    *3939 2.  Radnor Township
     3920 5.  Reading
    *3940 2.  Ridley Township
    *3941 2.  Ross Township
     3921 5.  Scranton
    *3942 2.  Shaler Township
    *3943 2.  Springfield
     3922 6.  State College
    *3944 2.  Upper Darby
    *3945 2.  Upper Merion
    *3946 2.  Upper Moreland Twp
    *3947 2.  Warminster
     3923 2.  West Mifflin
     3924 5.  Wilkes-Barre
     3925 2.  Wilkinsburg
     3926 6.  Williamsport
     3927 5.  York


(105) RHODE ISLAND

    *4012 6.  Coventry
     4000 5.  Cranston
     4001 6.  Cumberland
     4002 6.  East Providence
     4003 6.  Middletown
     4004 6.  Newport
     4005 6.  North Kingstown
     4006 6.  North Providence
     4007 5.  Pawtucket
     4008 5.  Providence
     4009 5.  Warwick
     4010 6.  West Warwick
     4011 6.  Woonsocket



(148) SOUTH CAROLINA

     4100 6.  Anderson
     4101 5.  Charleston
     4102 5.  Columbia
     4103 6.  Florence
     4104 5.  Greenville
    *4108 6.  North Charleston
     4105 6.  Rock Hill
     4106 6.  Spartanburg
     4107 6.  Sumter


(137) SOUTH DAKOTA

     4200 6.  Aberdeen
     4201 6.  Rapid City
     4202 5.  Sioux Falls


(154) TENNESSEE

     4300 5.  Chattanooga
     4301 6.  Clarksville
    *4310 6.  Cleveland
    *4311 6.  Columbia
    *4312 6.  Hendersonville
     4302 6.  Jackson
     4303 6.  Johnson City
     4304 6.  Kingsport
     4305 5.  Knoxville
     4306 4.  Memphis
     4307 6.  Murfreesboro
     4308 4.  Nashville-Davidson
     4309 6.  Oak Ridge

(149) TEXAS

     4400 5.  Abilene
     4401 5.  Amarillo
     4402 5.  Arlington
     4403 4.  Austin
     4404 2.  Baytown
     4405 5.  Bearmont
     4406 6.  Big Spring
     4407 5.  Brownsville
     4408 6.  Bryan
    *4447 2.  Carrollton
    *4448 6.  College Station
     4409 5.  Corpus Christi
     4410 4.  Dallas
    *4449 6.  Del Rio
     4411 6.  Denison
     4412 2.  Denton
    *4450 2.  Duncanville
     4413 4.  El Paso
     4414 2.  Farmers Branch
     4415 9.  Fort Hood
     4416 4.  Fort Worth
     4417 5.  Galveston
     4418 2.  Garland
     4419 2.  Grand Prairie
     4420 6.  Haltom City
     4421 6.  Harlingen
     4422 1.  Houston
     4423 6.  Hurst
     4424 2.  Irving
     4425 6.  Killeen
     4426 6.  Kingsville
     4427 5.  Laredo
     4428 6.  Longview
     4429 5.  Lubbock
    *4451 6.  Lufkin
     4430 6.  McAllen
     4431 2.  Mesquite
     4432 5.  Midland
    *4452 6.  Nocogdoches
    *4453 2.  North Richland Hills
     4433 5.  Odessa
    *4454 6.  Paris
     4434 2.  Pasadena
    *4455 2.  Plano
     4435 5.  Port Arthur
     4436 2.  Richardson
     4437 5.  San Angelo
     4438 4.  San Antonio
     4439 6.  Sherman
     4440 6.  Temple
     4441 6.  Texarkana
     4442 6.  Texas City
     4443 5.  Tyler
     4444 6.  Victoria
     4445 5.  Waco
     4446 5.  Wichita Falls


(167) UTAH

     4500 6.  Bountiful
     4501 6.  East Millcreek
    *4506 6.  Logan
    *4507 6.  Murray
     4502 5.  Ogden
     4503 6.  Orem
     4504 5.  Provo
     4505 5.  Salt Lake City
    *4508 6.  Sandy City
    *4509 6.  West Jordan
    *4510 6.  West Valley


(106) VERMONT

     4600 6.  Burlington


(140) VIRGINIA

     4700 2.  Alexandria
     4701 2.  Annandale
     4702 2.  Arlington
    *4718 2.  Blacksburg
    *4719 2.  Burke
     4703 6.  Charlottesville
     4704 5.  Chesapeake
    *4720 2.  Dale City
     4705 6.  Danville
     4706 5.  Hampton
     4707 9.  Jefferson
     4708 5.  Lynchburg
    *4821 2.  McLean
     4709 5.  Newport News
     4710 4.  Norfolk
     4711 6.  Petersburg
     4712 5.  Portsmouth
    *4722 2.  Reston
     4713 4.  Richmond
     4714 5.  Roanoke
     4715 6.  Staunton
    *4723 6.  Suffolk
    *4724 6.  Tuckahoe
     4716 5.  Virginia Beach
    *4725 2.  West Springfield
     4717 2.  Woodbridge-Marumsco


(173) WASHINGTON

    *4815 2.  Auburn
     4800 2.  Bellevue
     4801 6.  Bellingham
     4802 6.  Bremerton
     4803 2.  Edmonds
     4804 2.  Everett
     4805 6.  Fort Lewis
    *4816 6.  Kennewick
     4806 9.  Lakes District
     4807 6.  Longview
    *4817 6.  Olympia
     4808 2.  Renton
     4809 6.  Richland
     4810 4.  Seattle
     4811 5.  Spokane
     4812 2.  Tacoma
     4813 5.  Vancouver
    *4818 6.  Walla Walla
     4814 6.  Yakima

(156) WEST VIRGINIA

     4900 5.  Charleston
     4901 6.  Fairmont
     4902 5.  Huntington
     4903 6.  Morgantown
     4904 6.  Parkersburg
     4905 6.  Wierton
     4906 6.  Wheeling


(125) WISCONSIN

     5000 5.  Appleton
     5001 6.  Beloit
     5002 2.  Brookfield
     5003 6.  Eau Claire
     5004 6.  Fond Du Lac
     5005 5.  Green Bay
     5006 2.  Greenfield
     5007 6.  Janesville
     5008 5.  Kenocha
     5009 5.  La Crosse
     5010 5.  Madison
     5011 6.  Manitowoc
     5012 2.  Menomonee Falls
     5013 4.  Milwaukee
     5014 2.  New Berlin
     5015 5.  Oshkosh
     5016 5.  Racine
     5017 6.  Sheboygan
     5018 6.  Superior
     5019 2.  Waukesha
     5020 6.  Wausau
     5021 2.  Wauwatosa
     5022 2.  West Allis


(168) WYOMING

     5100 6.  Casper
     5101 6.  Cheyenne


  *  Place added in 1982 (having population of 25,000+ in 1980 census)
     coded on basis of 1970 status in area.  See example Chandler, Arizona. 
     Its SMSA was not over one million in 1970, so coded 6 here.  This was
     done to avoid glaring inconsistencies in adjacent areas.  The areas
     affected by this decision are the four places where the population of the
     SMSA topped the one million mark between 1970 and 1980 (Phoenix, Arizona;
     San Antonio, Texas; Ft. Lauderdale/Hollywood, Florida; Sacramento,
     California).


  1  The two 1970 Standard Consolidated Areas (New York-Northeastern New
Jersey, and Chicago, Ill.-Northwestern Indiana), the remaining 1970 SMSA's of
one million or more, plus the Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, CA SMSA (which
was attached to the Los Angeles SMSA).



>> 1980 CENSUS OCCUPATIONS

                                 - USED 1990, 1992 -


The full 3-digit 1980 Census Occupation Code was used to code the occupation
of respondents. In order to minimize the amount of highly specific information
released about respondents, the full occupation code has been recoded to a 71
category code, which is based on the occupation code sub-headings in the
Census Code. 

Users who need access to the full 3-digit occupation code for their research
purposes should contact NES project staff for details about how this could be
arranged. 

In the code description that follows, the full 1980 Census Code is presented. 
At the beginning of each recoded section, the statement "(XXX) THROUGH (YYY)
ARE RECODED TO (ZZ)" indicates the code values to which the specific
occupations have been recoded.  For example, purchasing managers (009),
legislators (003), and funeral directors (018) have all been recoded to (01).
Numbers in parentheses following the occupation categories are the U.S.
Department of Commerce's 1980 Standard Occupational Classification code
equivalents.  The abbreviation "PT" means "part" and "N.E.C." means "not
elsewhere classified".  



                  MANAGERIAL AND PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS

                      Executive, Administrative, and Managerial
                    ͻ
                      (003) THROUGH (019) ARE RECODED TO:   01   
                    ͼ
               003  LEGISLATORS (111)
                    004  CHIEF EXECUTIVES AND GENERAL
          ADMINISTRATORS, PUBLIC 
                     ADMINISTRATION (112)
               005  ADMINISTRATORS AND OFFICIALS, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
                    (1132-1139) 
               006  ADMINISTRATORS, PROTECTIVE SERVICES                (1131)
               007  FINANCIAL MANAGERS (122) 
               008  PERSONNEL AND LABOR RELATIONS MANAGERS (123)
               009  PURCHASING MANAGERS (124)
               013  MANAGERS, MARKETING, ADVERTISING, AND PUBLIC 
                    RELATIONS (125)
               014  ADMINISTRATORS, EDUCATION AND      RELATED FIELDS (128
               015  MANAGERS, MEDICINE AND HEALTH (131)
               016  MANAGERS, PROPERTIES AND REAL ESTATE      (1353)
               017  POSTMASTERS AND MAIL SUPERINTENDENTS (1344)
               018  FUNERAL DIRECTORS (PT 1359) 
               019  MANAGERS AND ADMINISTRATORS,
                    N.E.C.(121, 126, 127, 132-139,
                    EXCEPT 1344, 1353, PT 1359)
            ------------------------------------------------------------

                            Management-Related Occupations
                    ͻ
                      (023) THROUGH (037) ARE RECODED TO:   02   
                    ͼ
               023  ACCOUNTANTS AND AUDITORS (1412)

               024  UNDERWRITERS (1414)

               025  OTHER FINANCIAL OFFICERS (1415, 1419)
               026  MANAGEMENT ANALYSTS (142)

               027  PERSONNEL, TRAINING, AND LABOR
                    RELATIONS SPECIALISTS (143)
               028  PURCHASING AGENTS AND BUYERS, FARM PRODUCTS (1443)
               029  BUYERS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE, EXCEPT FARM PRODUCTS
                    (1442)
               033  PURCHASING AGENTS AND BUYERS, N.E.C. (1449)
               034  BUSINESS AND PROMOTION AGENTS (145)

               035  CONSTRUCTION INSPECTORS (1472)

               036  INSPECTORS AND COMPLIANCE OFFICERS, EXC. CONSTRUCTION
                    (1473)
               037  MANAGEMENT RELATED OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C. (149)
              ------------------------------------------------------------


                          Professional Specialty Occupations
                                 .......................
                       - engineers, architects and surveyors -
                    ͻ
                      (043) THROUGH (063) ARE RECODED TO:   03   
                    ͼ
               043  ARCHITECTS (161)

                  ENGINEERS
               044  AEROSPACE ENGINEERS (1622)
               045  METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERS (1623)
               046  MINING ENGINEERS (1624)
               047  PETROLEUM ENGINEERS (1625)
               048  CHEMICAL ENGINEERS (1626)
               049  NUCLEAR ENGINEERS (1627)
               053  CIVIL ENGINEERS (1628)
               054  AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS  (1632)
               055  ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS (1633, 1636) 
               056  INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS (1634)
               057  MECHANICAL ENGINEERS (1635)
               058  MARINE ENGINEERS AND NAVAL ARCHITECTS (1637)
               059  ENGINEERS, N.E.C.      (1639)
               063   SURVEYORS AND MAPPING SCIENTISTS (164)
------------------------------------------------------------ 

                       - mathematical and computer scientists -
                    ͻ
                      (064) THROUGH (068) ARE RECODED TO:   04   
                    ͼ
               064  COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS AND SCIENTISTS (171)
               065  OPERATIONS AND SYSTEMS RESEARCHERS AND ANALYSTS (172)
               066  ACTUARIES (1732)
               067  STATISTICIANS (1733)
               068  MATHEMATICAL SCIENTISTS, N.E.C.      (1739)
          ------------------------------------------------------------

                                - natural scientists -
                    ͻ
                      (069) THROUGH (083) ARE RECODED TO:   05   
                    ͼ
                  069   PHYSICISTS AND ASTRONOMERS (1842, 1843)
                  073   CHEMISTS, EXCEPT BIOCHEMISTS (1845)
                  074   ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE SCIENTISTS (1846)
                  075   GEOLOGISTS AND GEODESISTS (1847)
                  076   PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS, N.E.C. (1849)
                  077   AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENTISTS (1853)
                  078   BIOLOGICAL AND LIFE SCIENTISTS (1854)
                  079   FORESTRY AND CONSERVATION SCIENTISTS (1852)
                  083   MEDICAL SCIENTISTS (1855)               
              ------------------------------------------------------------

                          - health diagnosing occupations -
                    ͻ
                      (084) THROUGH (089) ARE RECODED TO:   06   
                    ͼ
                  084  PHYSICIANS (261)
                  085  DENTISTS (262)
                  086  VETERINARIANS (27)
                  087  OPTOMETRISTS (281)
                  088  PODIATRISTS (283)
                  089  HEALTH DIAGNOSING PRACTITIONERS,
                       N.E.C. (289)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                    - health assessment and treating occupations -
                    ͻ
                      (095) THROUGH (106) ARE RECODED TO:   07   
                    ͼ
                  095  REGISTERED NURSES (29)
                  096  PHARMACISTS (301)
                  097  DIETITIANS (302)

                       THERAPISTS
                  098  INHALATION THERAPISTS (3031)
                  099  OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS (3032)
                  103  PHYSICAL THERAPISTS (3033)
                  104   SPEECH THERAPISTS (3034)
                  105  THERAPISTS, N.E.C. (3039)

                  106  PHYSICIANS' ASSISTANTS (304)

------------------------------------------------------------      

                             - teachers, postsecondary -
                    ͻ
                      (113) THROUGH (154) ARE RECODED TO:   08   
                    ͼ
               113  EARTH, ENVIRONMENTAL AND MARINE
                    SCIENCE TEACHERS (2212)
               114  BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE TEACHERS (2213)
               115  CHEMISTRY TEACHERS (2214)
               116  PHYSICS TEACHERS  (2215)
               117  NATURAL  SCIENCE TEACHERS, N.E.C. (2216)
               118  PSYCHOLOGY TEACHERS (2217)
               119  ECONOMICS TEACHERS (2218)
               123  HISTORY TEACHERS (2222)
               124  POLITICAL SCIENCE TEACHERS (2223)

                       - teachers, postsecondary (continued) -

               125  SOCIOLOGY TEACHERS (2224)
               126  SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHERS, N.E.C. (2225)
               127  ENGINEERING TEACHERS (2226)
               128  MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE TEACHERS (2227) 
               129  COMPUTER SCIENCE TEACHERS (2228)
               133  MEDICAL SCIENCE TEACHERS (2231)
               134  HEALTH SPECIALTIES TEACHERS (2232)
               135  BUSINESS, COMMERCE, AND MARKETING TEACHERS (2233)
               136  AGRICULTURAL AND  FORESTRY TEACHERS  (2234)
               137  ART, DRAMA, AND MUSIC TEACHERS (2235)
               138  PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS (2236)
               139  EDUCATION TEACHERS (2237)
               143  ENGLISH TEACHERS (2238)
               144  FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS (2242)
               145  LAW TEACHERS (2243)
               146  SOCIAL WORK TEACHERS (2244)
               147  THEOLOGY TEACHERS (2245)
               148  TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL TEACHERS (2246)
*              149  HOME ECONOMICS TEACHERS (2247)
               153  TEACHERS, POSTSECONDARY, N.E.C. (2249)
               154  POSTSECONDARY TEACHERS, SUBJECT NOT SPECIFIED
              ------------------------------------------------------------ 

                          - teachers, except postsecondary -
                    ͻ
                      (155) THROUGH (165) ARE RECODED TO:   09   
                    ͼ
               155  TEACHERS, PREKINDERGARTEN AND KINDERGARTEN (231)
               156  TEACHERS, ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (232)
               157  TEACHERS, SECONDARY SCHOOL (233)
               158  TEACHERS, SPECIAL EDUCATION (235)
               159  TEACHERS, N.E.C. (236,239)     

               163  COUNSELORS, EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL (24)
                    LIBRARIANS, ARCHIVISTS, AND CURATORS 
               164  LIBRARIANS (251)
               165  ARCHIVISTS AND CURATORS (252)
              -------------------------------------------------------------
                       - social scientist and urban planners -
                    ͻ
                      (166) THROUGH (173) ARE RECODED TO:   10   
                    ͼ
               166  ECONOMISTS (1912)
               167  PSYCHOLOGISTS (1915)
               168  SOCIOLOGISTS (1916)
               169  SOCIAL SCIENTISTS, N.E.C. (1913, 1914, 1919) 
               173  URBAN PLANNERS (192)

------------------------------------------------------------

                    - social, recreation, and religious workers -
                    ͻ
                      (173) THROUGH (177) ARE RECODED TO:   11   
                    ͼ
               174  SOCIAL WORKERS (2032)
               175  RECREATION WORKERS (2033)
               176  CLERGY (2042)

               177  RELIGIOUS WORKERS, N.E.C. (2049)
              ------------------------------------------------------------

                                - lawyers and judges -
                    ͻ
                      (178) THROUGH (179) ARE RECODED TO:   12   
                    ͼ
               178  LAWYERS (211)
               179  JUDGES (212)

------------------------------------------------------------

                   - writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes -
                    ͻ
                      (183) THROUGH (199) ARE RECODED TO:   13   
                    ͼ
               183  AUTHORS (321)
               184  TECHNICAL WRITERS (398)
               185  DESIGNERS (322)
               186  MUSICIANS AND COMPOSERS (323)
               187  ACTORS AND DIRECTORS (324)
               188  PAINTERS, SCULPTORS, CRAFT-ARTISTS, AND ARTIST PRINTMAKERS
                    (325)
               189  PHOTOGRAPHERS (326)
               193  DANCERS (327)
               194  ARTISTS, PERFORMERS, AND RELATED WORKERS, N.E.C.(328, 329)
               195  EDITORS AND REPORTERS (331)
               197  PUBLIC RELATIONS SPECIALISTS (332)
               198  ANNOUNCERS (333)
               199  ATHLETES (34)
           ------------------------------------------------------------      



                     TECHNICIANS AND RELATED SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS 
                        Health Technologists and Technicians 
                    ͻ
                      (203) THROUGH (208) ARE RECODED TO:   14   
                    ͼ
               203  CLINICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS (362)
               204  DENTAL HYGIENISTS (363)
               205  HEALTH RECORD TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS (364)
               206  RADIOLOGIC TECHNICIANS (365)
               207  LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES (366)
               208  HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS, N.E.C. (369)
              ------------------------------------------------------------    

                    Technologists and Technicians, except Health 
                                 ....................
              - engineering and related technologists and technicians -
                    ͻ
                      (213) THROUGH (218) ARE RECODED TO:   15   
                    ͼ
               213  ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC TECHNICIANS (3711)
               214  INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS (3712) 
               215  MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS (3713)
               216  ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS, N.E.C. (3719)
               217  DRAFTING OCCUPATIONS (372)
               218  SURVEYING AND MAPPING TECHNICIAN (373)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     


                               - science technicians -
                    ͻ
                      (223) THROUGH (225) ARE RECODED TO:   16   
                    ͼ
               223  BIOLOGICAL TECHNICIANS (382)
               224  CHEMICAL TECHNICIANS (3831)       
               225  SCIENCE TECHNICIANS, N.E.C. (3832, 3833, 384, 389)
------------------------------------------------------------

               - technicians, except health, engineering, and science -
                    ͻ
                      (226) THROUGH (235) ARE RECODED TO:   17   
                    ͼ
               226  AIRPLANE PILOTS AND NAVIGATORS (825)
               227  AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS (392)
               228  BROADCAST EQUIPMENT OPERATORS (393)
               229  COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (3971, 3972)
               233  TOOL PROGRAMMERS, NUMERICAL CONTROL (3974)
               234  LEGAL ASSISTANTS (396)
               235  TECHNICIANS,  N.E.C. (399)

              ----------------------------------------------------------- 

                                  SALES OCCUPATIONS

                             Supervisors and Proprietors
                    ͻ
                      (243) IS RECODED TO:   18                  
                    ͼ
               243  SUPERVISORS AND PROPRIETORS, SALES OCCUPATIONS (40)

                 Sales Representatives, Finance and Business Services
                    ͻ
                      (253) THROUGH (257) ARE RECODED TO:   18   
                    ͼ
               253  INSURANCE SALES OCCUPATIONS (4122)
               254  REAL ESTATE SALES OCCUPATIONS (4123)
               255  SECURITIES AND FINANCIAL SERVICES SALES OCCUPATIONS (4124)
               256  ADVERTISING AND RELATED SALES OCCUPATIONS (4153)
               257  SALES OCCUPATIONS, OTHER BUSINESS SERVICES (4152)
              ------------------------------------------------------------


                  Sales Representatives, Commodities except Retail 
                    ͻ
                      (258) THROUGH (259) ARE RECODED TO:   19   
                    ͼ
               258  SALES ENGINEERS (421)
               259  SALES REPRESENTATIVES,  MINING, MANUFACTURING, AND
                    WHOLESALE (423, 424) 

              ------------------------------------------------------------     


                     Sales Workers, Retail and Personal Services 
                    ͻ
                      (263) THROUGH (278) ARE RECODED TO:   20   
                    ͼ
               263  SALES WORKERS, MOTOR VEHICLES AND BOATS (4342, 4344)
               264  SALES WORKERS, APPAREL (4346)
               265  SALES WORKERS, SHOES (4351)
               266  SALES WORKERS, FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS (4348)
               267  SALES WORKERS; RADIO, TELEVISION, HI-FI, AND APPLIANCES
                    (4343, 4352) 
               268  SALES WORKERS, HARDWARE AND BUILDING SUPPLIES (4353)
               269  SALES WORKERS, PARTS (4367)    
               274  SALES WORKERS, OTHER COMMODITIES (4345, 4347, 4354,4356,
                    4359, 4362, 4369)
               275  SALES COUNTER CLERKS (4363)
               276  CASHIERS (4364)
               277  STREET AND DOOR-TO-DOOR SALES WORKERS (4366) 
               278  NEWS   VENDORS (4365)
              ------------------------------------------------------------  

                              Sales Related Occupations 
                    ͻ
                      (283) THROUGH (285) ARE RECODED TO:   21   
                    ͼ
               283  DEMONSTRATORS, PROMOTERS AND MODELS, SALES (445)
               284  AUCTIONEERS(447)
               285  SALES SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C. (444, 446, 449)
              ------------------------------------------------------------



                 ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT, (incl. Clerical supervisors)

                                Clerical Supervisors 
                    ͻ
                      (303) THROUGH (307) ARE RECODED TO:   22   
                    ͼ
               303  SUPERVISORS, GENERAL OFFICE (4511, 4513-4519, 4529)
               304  SUPERVISORS, COMPUTER EQUIPMENT OPERATORS (4512) 
               305  SUPERVISORS, FINANCIAL RECORDS PROCESSING (4521)
               306  CHIEF COMMUNICATIONS OPERATORS (4523)
               307  SUPERVISORS; DISTRIBUTION,
                    SCHEDULING, AND ADJUSTING CLERKS  (4522, 4524-4528)
              ------------------------------------------------------------

                            Computer Equipment Operators 
                    ͻ
                      (308) THROUGH (309) ARE RECODED TO:   23   
                    ͼ
               308  COMPUTER OPERATORS (4612)
               309  PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT OPERATORS (4613)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                       Secretaries, Stenographers, and Typists 
                    ͻ
                      (313) THROUGH (315) ARE RECODED TO:   24   
                    ͼ
               313  SECRETARIES (4622)
               314  STENOGRAPHERS (4623)
               315  TYPISTS (4624)
              ------------------------------------------------------------   

                                 Information Clerks 
                    ͻ
                      (316) THROUGH (323) ARE RECODED TO:   25   
                    ͼ
               316  INTERVIEWERS (4642)
               317  HOTEL CLERKS (4643)
               318  TRANSPORTATION TICKET AND RESERVATION AGENTS (4644)
               319  RECEPTIONISTS (4645)
               323  INFORMATION CLERKS, N.E.C. (4649)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     


                   Records Processing Occupations, except Financial
                    ͻ
                      (325) THROUGH (336) ARE RECODED TO:   26   
                    ͼ
               325  CLASSIFIED-AD CLERKS (4662)
               326  CORRESPONDENCE CLERKS (4663)
               327  ORDER CLERKS (4664)
               328  PERSONNEL CLERKS, EXCEPT PAYROLL AND TIMEKEEPING (4692)
               329  LIBRARY CLERKS (4694)
               335  FILE CLERKS (4696)
               336  RECORDS CLERKS (4699)
------------------------------------------------------------     


                      Financial Records Processing Occupations 
                    ͻ
                      (337) THROUGH (344) ARE RECODED TO:   27   
                    ͼ
               337  BOOKKEEPERS, ACCOUNTING, AND AUDITING CLERKS (4712)
               338  PAYROLL AND TIMEKEEPING CLERKS (4713)
               339  BILLING CLERKS (4715)
               343  COST AND RATE CLERKS (4716)
               344  BILLING, POSTING, AND CALCULATING MACHINE OPERATORS 
                    (4718)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                Duplicating, Mail and Other Office Machine Operators 
                    ͻ
                      (345) THROUGH (347) ARE RECODED TO:   28   
                    ͼ
               345  DUPLICATING MACHINE OPERATORS (4722) 
               346  MAIL PREPARING AND PAPER  HANDLING MACHINE OPERATORS
                    (4739)
               347  OFFICE MACHINE OPERATORS, N.E.C. (4729)
            ------------------------------------------------------------      

                         Communications Equipment Operators 
                    ͻ
                      (348) THROUGH (353) ARE RECODED TO:   29   
                    ͼ
               348  TELEPHONE OPERATORS (4732)
               349  TELEGRAPHERS (4733)
               353  COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT OPERATORS, N.E.C. (4739)
------------------------------------------------------------      

                      Mail and Message Distributing Occupations 
                    ͻ
                      (354) THROUGH (357) ARE RECODED TO:   30   
                    ͼ
               354  POSTAL CLERKS, EXC. MAIL CARRIERS (4742)
               355  MAIL CARRIERS, POSTAL SERVICE (4743)
               356  MAIL CLERKS, EXC. POSTAL SERVICE (4744)
               357  MESSENGERS (4745)
              ------------------------------------------------------------  

            Material Recording, Scheduling, and Distribuing Clerks, N.E.C.
                    ͻ
                      (359) THROUGH (374) ARE RECODED TO:   31   
                    ͼ
               359  DISPATCHERS (4751)
               363  PRODUCTION COORDINATORS (4752)
               364  TRAFFIC, SHIPPING, AND RECEIVING CLERKS (4753)
               365  STOCK AND INVENTORY CLERKS (4754)
               366  METER READERS (4755)
               368  WEIGHERS, MEASURERS, AND CHECKERS (4756)
               369  SAMPLERS (4757)
               373  EXPEDITERS (4758)
               374  MATERIAL RECORDING, SCHEDULING, AND DISTRIBUTING CLERKS,
                    N.E.C. (4759)
---------------------------------------------------------------

                             Adjusters and Investigators 
                    ͻ
                      (375) THROUGH (378) ARE RECODED TO:   32   
                    ͼ
               375  INSURANCE ADJUSTERS, EXAMINERS, AND INVESTIGATORS (4782)
               376  INVESTIGATORS AND ADJUSTERS, EXCEPT INSURANCE (4783)
               377  ELIGIBILITY CLERKS, SOCIAL WELFARE (4784)
               378  BILL AND ACCOUNT COLLECTORS (4786)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                  Miscellaneous Administrative Support Occupations 
                    ͻ
                      (379) THROUGH (389) ARE RECODED TO:   33   
                    ͼ
               379  GENERAL OFFICE CLERKS (463)
               383  BANK TELLERS (4791)
               384  PROOFREADERS (4792)
               385  DATA-ENTRY KEYERS (4793)
               386  STATISTICAL CLERKS (4794)
               387  TEACHERS' AIDES (4795)
               389  ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C.  (4787, 4799)   
------------------------------------------------------------  

                                 SERVICE OCCUPATIONS

                            Private Household Occupations 
                    ͻ
                      (403) THROUGH (407) ARE RECODED TO:   34   
                    ͼ
               403  LAUNDERERS AND IRONERS (503)
               404  COOKS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD (504)
               405  HOUSEKEEPERS AND BUTLERS (505)
               406  CHILD CARE WORKERS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD (506)
               407  PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS AND SERVANTS (502, 507, 509)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                           Protective Service Occupations 
                                 ...................
                    -supervisors, protective service occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (413) THROUGH (415) ARE RECODED TO:   35   
                    ͼ
               413  SUPERVISORS, FIREFIGHTING AND FIRE
                    PREVENTION OCCUPATIONS (5111)
               414  SUPERVISORS, POLICE AND DETECTIVES (5112)
               415  SUPERVISORS, GUARDS (5113)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                    -firefighting and fire prevention occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (416) THROUGH (417) ARE RECODED TO:   35   
                    ͼ
               416  FIRE INSPECTION AND FIRE PREVENTION OCCUPATIONS (5122)
               417  FIREFIGHTING OCCUPATIONS (5123) 

                               -police and detectives-
                    ͻ
                      (418) THROUGH (424) ARE RECODED TO:   35   
                    ͼ
               418  POLICE AND DETECTIVES, PUBLIC SERVICE (5132) 
               423  SHERIFFS, BAILIFFS, AND OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS
                    (5134)
               424  CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION OFFICERS (5133)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     


                                       -guards-
                    ͻ
                      (425) THROUGH (427) ARE RECODED TO:   35   
                    ͼ
               425  CROSSING GUARDS (5142)
               426  GUARDS AND POLICE, EXCEPT PUBLIC SERVICE (5144)
               427  PROTECTIVE SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C. (5149)
                ------------------------------------------------------------   

                Service Occupations, except Protective and Household 
                                 ....................
                      -food preparation and service occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (433) THROUGH (444) ARE RECODED TO:   36   
                    ͼ
               433  SUPERVISORS, FOOD PREPARATION AND
                    SERVICE OCCUPATIONS (5211)
               434  BARTENDERS (5212)
               435  WAITERS AND WAITRESSES (5213)
               436  COOKS, EXCEPT SHORT ORDER (5214)
               437  SHORT-ORDER COOKS (5215) 
               438  FOOD COUNTER, FOUNTAIN AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS (5216)
               439  KITCHEN WORKERS, FOOD PREPARATION (5217)
               443  WAITERS'/WAITRESSES' ASSISTANTS (5218)
               444  MISCELLANEOUS FOOD PREPARATION OCCUPATIONS (5219)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                             -health service occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (435) THROUGH (447) ARE RECODED TO:   37   
                    ͼ
               445  DENTAL ASSISTANTS (5232)
               446  HEALTH AIDES, EXCEPT NURSING (5233)
               447  NURSING AIDES, ORDERLIES, AND ATTENDANTS (5236)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

             -cleaning and building service occupations, exc. household-
                    ͻ
                      (448) THROUGH (455) ARE RECODED TO:   38   
                    ͼ
               448  SUPERVISORS, CLEANING AND BUILDING SERVICE WORKKERS (5241)
               449  MAIDS AND HOUSEMEN (5242, 5249)
               453  JANITORS AND CLEANERS (5244)
               454  ELEVATOR OPERATORS (5245)
               455  PEST CONTROL OCCUPATIONS (5246)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                            -personal service occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (456) THROUGH (469) ARE RECODED TO:   39   
                    ͼ
               456  SUPERVISORS, PERSONAL SERVICE OCCUPATIONS (5251)
               457  BARBERS (5252)
               458  HAIRDRESSERS AND COSMETOLOGISTS (5253)
               459  ATTENDANTS, AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION FACILITIES (5254)
               463  GUIDES  (5255)
               464  USHERS (5256)
               465  PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ATTENDANTS (5257)
               466  BAGGAGE PORTERS AND BELLHOPS (5262)
               467  WELFARE SERVICE AIDES (5263)
               468  CHILD CARE  WORKERS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD (5264)
               469  PERSONAL SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C. (5258, 5269)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                      FARMING, FORESTRY, AND FISHING OCCUPATIONS

                             Farm Operators and Managers 
                    ͻ
                      (473) THROUGH (476) ARE RECODED TO:   40   
                    ͼ
               473  FARMERS, EXCEPT HORTICULTURAL  (5512-5514)
               474  HORTICULTURAL SPECIALTY FARMERS (5515)
               475  MANAGERS, FARMS, EXCEPT HORTICULTURAL
                    (5522-5524) 
               476  MANAGERS, HORTICULTURAL SPECIALTY FARMS (5525)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                     Other Agriculatural and Related Occupations 
                                .....................
                        -farm occupations, except managerial-
                    ͻ
                      (477) THROUGH (484) ARE RECODED TO:   41   
                    ͼ
               477  SUPERVISORS, FARM WORKERS (5611)
               479  FARM WORKERS (5612-5617) 
               483  MARINE LIFE CULTIVATION WORKERS (5618)
               484  NURSERY WORKERS (5619)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                         -related agriculatural occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (485) THROUGH (489) ARE RECODED TO:   42   
                    ͼ
               485  SUPERVISORS, RELATED AGRICULTURAL OCCUPATIONS (5621)
               486  GROUNDSKEEPERS AND GARDENERS, EXCEPT FARM (5622)
               487  ANIMAL CARETAKERS, EXCEPT FARM (5624)
               488  GRADERS AND SORTERS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS (5625)
               489  INSPECTORS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS (5627)
              ------------------------------------------------------------   

                          -forestry and logging occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (494) THROUGH (496) ARE RECODED TO:   43   
                    ͼ
               494  SUPERVISORS, FORESTRY AND LOGGING  WORKERS (571)
               495  FORESTRY WORKERS, EXCEPT LOGGING (572)
               496  TIMBER CUTTING AND LOGGING OCCUPATIONS  (573, 579)
              ------------------------------------------------------------   

                           -fishers, hunters, and trappers-
                    ͻ
                      (497) THROUGH (499) ARE RECODED TO:   43   
                    ͼ
               497  CAPTAINS AND OTHER OFFICERS, FISHING VESSELS (PT 8241)
               498  FISHERS (583)
               499  HUNTERS AND TRAPPERS (584)
              ------------------------------------------------------------  

                 PRECISION PRODUCTION, CRAFT, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS

                               Mechanics and Repairers 
                                 ....................
                        -mechanics and repairers supervisors-
                    ͻ
                      (503) IS RECODED TO:   44                  
                    ͼ
               503  SUPERVISORS, MECHANICS AND REPAIRERS (60)
              ------------------------------------------------------------  

               -mechanics and repairers, vehicle and mobile equipment-
                    ͻ
                      (505) THROUGH (517) ARE RECODED TO:   44   
                    ͼ
               505  AUTOMOBILE MECHANICS (PT 6111)
               506  AUTOMOBILE
                                   MECHANIC APPRENTICES (PT  6111)
               507  BUS, TRUCK, AND STATIONARY ENGINE MECHANICS (6112)
               508   AIRCRAFT ENGINE MECHANICS (6113)
               509   SMALL ENGINE REPAIRERS (6114)
               514  AUTOMOBILE BODY AND RELATED REPAIRERS (6115)
               515  AIRCRAFT MECHANICS, EXCEPT ENGINE (6116)
               516  HEAVY EQUIPMENT MECHANICS (6117)
               517  FARM EQUIPMENT MECHANICS (6118)
              ------------------------------------------------------------ 

            -mechanics and repairers, except vehicle and mobile equipment-
                    ͻ
                      (518) THROUGH (534) ARE RECODED TO:   45   
                    ͼ
               518  INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY REPAIRERS (613) 
               519  MACHINERY MAINTENANCE OCCUPATIONS (614)
                    ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT REPAIRERS 
               523  ELECTRONIC REPAIRERS,  COMMUNICATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL
                    EQUIPMENT  (6151, 6153, 6155)
               525  DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT REPAIRERS  (6154)
               526  HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCE AND POWER TOOL
                    REPAIRERS (6156)
               527  TELEPHONE LINE INSTALLERS AND
                    REPAIRERS (6157)
               529  TELEPHONE INSTALLERS AND REPAIRERS
                    (6158)
               533  MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL AND
                    ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
                    REPAIRERS (6152, 6159)
               534  HEATING, AIR CONDITIONING, AND
                    REFRIGERATION MECHANICS (616)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                       -miscellaneous mechanics and repairers 
                    ͻ
                      (535) THROUGH (549) ARE RECODED TO:   46   
                    ͼ
               535  CAMERA, WATCH, AND MUSICAL
                    INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS (6171, 6172)
               536  LOCKSMITHS AND SAFE REPAIRERS (6173)
               538  OFFICE MACHINE  REPAIRERS (6174)
               539  MECHANICAL CONTROLS AND VALVE REPAIRERS
                    (6175)
               543  ELEVATOR INSTALLERS AND REPAIRERS (6176)
               544  MILLWRIGHTS (6178)
               547  SPECIFIED MECHANICS AND REPAIRERS, N.E.C. (6177, 6179)
               549  NOT SPECIFIED MECHANICS AND REPAIRERS
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                                 Construction Trades 
                                 ....................
                       -supervisors, construction occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (553) THROUGH (558) ARE RECODED TO:   47   
                    ͼ
               553  SUPERVISORS; BRICKMASONS,
                    STONEMASONS, AND TILE SETTERS (6312)
               554  SUPERVISORS, CARPENTERS AND RELATED
                    WORKERS (6313)
               555  SUPERVISORS, ELECTRICIANS AND POWER
                    TRANSMISSION INSTALLERS (6314)
               556  SUPERVISORS; PAINTERS, PAPERHANGERS,
                    AND PLASTERERS (6315)
               557  SUPERVISORS; PLUMBERS, PIPEFITTERS,
                    AND STEAMFITTERS (6316)
               558  SUPERVISORS, N.E.C. (6311, 6318)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                      -construction trades, except supervisors-
                    ͻ
                      (563) THROUGH (599) ARE RECODED TO:   48   
                    ͼ
               563  BRICKMASONS AND STONEMASONS, (PT
                    6412, PT 6413)
               564  BRICKMASON AND STONEMASON
                    APPRENTICES (PT 6412, PT 6413)
               565  TILE SETTERS, HARD AND SOFT (6414,
                    PT 6462)
               566  CARPET INSTALLERS (PT 6462)
               567  CARPENTERS (PT 6422)
               569  CARPENTER APPRENTICES (PT 6422)
               573  DRYWALL INSTALLERS (6424)
               575  ELECTRICIANS (PT 6432)
               576  ELECTRICIAN APPRENTICES (PT 6432) 
               577  ELECTRICAL POWER INSTALLERS AND REPAIRERS (6433)
               579  PAINTERS, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE (6442)
               583  PAPERHANGERS
                    (6443)
               584  PLASTERERS (6444)
               585  PLUMBERS, PIPEFITTERS, AND STEAMFITTERS (PT 645) 
               587  PLUMBER, PIPEFITTER, AND STEAMFITTER APPRENTICES (PT 645)
               588  CONCRETE AND TERRAZZO FINISHERS (6463)
               589  GLAZIERS (6464)
      
               593  INSULATION WORKERS (6465)  
               594  PAVING, SURFACING, AND TAMPING EQUIPMENT OPERATORS (6466)
               595  ROOFERS (6468)
               596  SHEETMETAL DUCT INSTALLERS (6472)
               597 STRUCTURAL METAL WORKERS (6473)
               598  DRILLERS, EARTH (6474)
               599  CONSTRUCTION TRADES, N.E.C. (6467, 6475, 6476, 6479)
              ------------------------------------------------------------

                               Extractive Occupations 
                    ͻ
                      (613) THROUGH (617) ARE RECODED TO:   49   
                    ͼ
               613  SUPERVISORS, EXTRACTIVE OCCUPATIONS (632)
               614  DRILLERS, OIL WELL (652)
               615  EXPLOSIVES WORKERS (653)
               616  MINING MACHINE OPERATORS (654)
               617  MINING OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C. (656)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                          Precision Production Occupations 
                                 ....................
                         -production occupation supervisors-
                    ͻ
                      (633) IS RECODED TO:   50                  
                    ͼ
               633  SUPERVISORS, PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS
                    (67, 71)

                         -precision metalworking occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (634) THROUGH (655) ARE RECODED TO:   50   
                    ͼ
               634  TOOL AND DIE MAKERS (PT 6811)
               635  TOOL AND DIE MAKER APPRENTICES (PT
                    6811)
               636  PRECISION ASSEMBLERS, METAL (6812)
               637  MACHINISTS (PT 6813)
               639  MACHINIST APPRENTICES (PT 6813)
               643  BOILERMAKERS (6814)
               644  PRECISION GRINDERS, FITTERS, AND
                    TOOL SHARPENERS (6816)
               645  PATTERNMAKERS AND MODEL MAKERS,
                    METAL (6817)
               646  LAY-OUT WORKERS (6821)
               647  PRECIOUS STONES AND METALS WORKERS
                    (JEWELERS) (6822, 6866)
               649  ENGRAVERS, METAL (6823)
               653  SHEET METAL WORKERS (PT 6824)
               654  SHEET METAL WORKER APPRENTICES (PT
                    6824)
               655  MISCELLANEOUS PRECISION METAL
                    WORKERS (6829)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                         -precision woodworking occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (656) THROUGH (659) ARE RECODED TO:   51   
                    ͼ
               656  PATTERNMAKERS AND MODEL MAKERS, WOOD (6831)
               657  CABINET MAKERS AND BENCH CARPENTERS (6832)
               658  FURNITURE AND WOOD FINISHERS (6835)
               659  MISCELLANEOUS PRECISION WOODWORKERS (6839)
            ------------------------------------------------------------ 

            -precision textile, apparel, and furnishings machine workers-
                    ͻ
                      (666) THROUGH (674) ARE RECODED TO:   52   
                    ͼ
               666  DRESSMAKERS (PT 6852, PT 7752)
               667  AILORS (PT 6852)
               668  UPHOLSTERERS (6853)
               669  SHOE REPAIRERS (6854)
               673  APPAREL AND FABRIC PATTERNMAKERS (6856)
               674  MISCELLANEOUS PRECISION APPAREL AND FABRIC WORKERS (6859,
                    PT 7752)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                       -precision workers, assorted materials-
                    ͻ
                      (675) THROUGH (684) ARE RECODED TO:   53   
                    ͼ
               675  AND MOLDERS AND SHAPERS, EXCEPT JEWELERS (6861)
               676  PATTERNMAKERS, LAY-OUT WORKERS, AND CUTTERS (6862)
               677  OPTICAL GOODS WORKERS (6864, PT 7477, PT 7677)
               678  DENTAL LABORATORY AND MEDICAL APPLIANCE TECHNICIANS
                    (6865)
               679  BOOKBINDERS (6844)
               683  ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT ASSEMBLERS (6867)
               684  MISCELLANEOUS PRECISION WORKERS, N.E.C. (6869)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                       -precision food production occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (686) THROUGH (688) ARE RECODED TO:   54   
                    ͼ
               686  BUTCHERS AND MEAT CUTTERS (6871)
               687  BAKERS (6872)
               688  FOOD BATCHMAKERS (6873, 6879)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                 -precision inspectors, testers and related workers-
                    ͻ
                      (689) THROUGH (693) ARE RECODED TO:   55   
                    ͼ
               689  INSPECTORS, TESTERS, AND GRADERS (6881, 828)
               693  ADJUSTERS AND CALIBRATORS (6882)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                              Plant and System Operators
                    ͻ
                      (694) THROUGH (699) ARE RECODED TO:   56   
                    ͼ
                694 WATER AND SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT  OPERATORS (691)
                695 POWER PLANT OPERATORS (PT 693)
                696 STATIONARY ENGINEERS (PT 693, 7668)
                699 MISCELLANEOUS PLANT AND SYSTEM OPERATORS (692, 694, 695,
                    696)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                        OPERATORS, FABRICATORS, AND LABORERS 

                    Machine Operators, Assemblers, and Inspectors
                                 ....................
                  -machine operators and tenders, except precision:
                 metalworking and plastic working machine operators-
                    ͻ
                      (703) THROUGH (717) ARE RECODED TO:   57   
                    ͼ
               703  LATHE AND TURNING MACHINE SET-UP
                    OPERATORS (7312)
               704  LATHE AND TURNING MACHINE OPERATORS
                    (7512)         
               705  MILLING AND PLANING MACHINE
                    OPERATORS (7313, 7513)
               706  PUNCHING AND STAMPING PRESS MACHINE
                    OPERATORS (7314, 7317,
                    7514, 7517)
               707  ROLLING MACHINE OPERATORS (7316,
                    7516)
               708  DRILLING AND BORING MACHINE
                    OPERATORS (7318, 7518) 
               709  GRINDING, ABRADING, BUFFING, AND
                    POLISHING MACHINE OPERATORS (7322,
                    7324, 7522)
               713  FORGING MACHINE OPERATORS (7319,
                    7519)
               714  NUMERICAL CONTROL MACHINE OPERATORS
                    (7326)
               715  MISCELLANEOUS METAL, PLASTIC, STONE,
                    AND GLASS WORKING MACHINE OPERATORS
                    (7329, 7529)
               717  FABRICATING MACHINE OPERATORS, N.E.C. (7339, 7539)
------------------------------------------------------------     


                  -machine operators and tenders, except precision:
                   metal and plastic processing machine operators-
                    ͻ
                      (719) THROUGH (725) ARE RECODED TO:   58   
                    ͼ
               719  MOLDING AND CASTING MACHINE OPERATORS (7315,
                    7342, 7515, 7542)
               723  METAL PLATING MACHINE OPERATORS (7343, 7543)
               724  HEAT TREATING EQUIPMENT OPERATORS (7344, 7544)
               725  MISCELLANEOUS METAL AND PLASTIC PROCESSING
                         MACHINE OPERATORS (7349, 7549)       
                                     
              ------------------------------------------------------------     


                  -machine operators and tenders, except precision:
                            woodworking machine operators-
                    ͻ
                      (726) THROUGH (733) ARE RECODED TO:   59   
                    ͼ
               726  WOOD LATHE, ROUTING AND PLANING MACHINE OPERATORS
                    (7431, 7432, 7631, 7632)
               727  SAWING MACHINE OPERATORS (7433, 7633)         
               728  SHAPING AND JOINING MACHINE OPERATORS (7435, 7635)
               729  NAILING AND TACKING MACHINE OPERATORS (7636)  
               733  MISCELLANEOUS WOODWORKING MACHINE OPERATORS (7434, 7439,
                    7634, 7639)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     


                  -machine operators and tenders, except precision:
                             printing machine operators-
                    ͻ
                      (734) THROUGH (737) ARE RECODED TO:   60   
                    ͼ
               734  PRINTING MACHINE OPERATORS (7443, 7643)
               735  PHOTOENGRAVERS AND LITHOGRAPHERS (6842, 7444, 7644)
               736  TYPESETTERS AND COMPOSITORS (6841, 7642)
               737  MISCELLANEOUS PRINTING MACHINE OPERATORS (6849, 7449,
                    7649) 
             ------------------------------------------------------------      

                  -machine operators and tenders, except precision:
                 textile, apparel, and furnishings machine operators-
                    ͻ
                      (738) THROUGH (749) ARE RECODED TO:   61   
                    ͼ
               738  WINDING AND TWISTING MACHINE OPERATORS (7451, 7651)
               739  KNITTING, LOOPING, TAPING, AND WEAVING MACHINE OPERATORS
                    (7452, 7652)
               743  TEXTILE CUTTING MACHINE OPERATORS (7654)
               744  TEXTILE SEWING MACHINE OPERATORS (7655)
               745  SHOE MACHINE OPERATORS (7656)
               747  PRESSING MACHINE OPERATORS (7657)
               748  LAUNDERING AND DRY CLEANING MACHINE OPERATORS (6855, 7658)
               749  MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE MACHINE
                    OPERATORS (7459, 7659)
             ------------------------------------------------------------     

                  -machine operators and tenders, except precision:
                        machine operators, assorted materials-
                    ͻ
                      (753) THROUGH (779) ARE RECODED TO:   62   
                    ͼ
               753  CEMENTING AND GLUING MACHINE OPERATORS (7661)
               754  PACKAGING AND FILLING MACHINE OPERATORS (7462, 7662)
               755  EXTRUDING AND FORMING MACHINE OPERATORS (7463, 7663)
               756  MIXING AND BLENDING MACHINE OPERATORS (7664)
               757  SEPARATING, FILTERING, AND CLARIFYING MACHINE OPERATORS
                    (7476, 7666, 7676))
               758  COMPRESSING AND COMPACTING MACHINE OPERATORS (7467, 7667)
               759  PAINTING AND PAINT SPRAYING MACHINE
                    OPERATORS (7669)
               763  ROASTING AND BAKING MACHINE
                    OPERATORS, FOOD (7472, 7672)
               764  WASHING, CLEANING, AND PICKLING MACHINE OPERATORS (7673)
               765  FOLDING MACHINE OPERATORS (7474, 7674)  
               766  FURNACE, KILN, AND OVEN OPERATORS, EXC. FOOD (7675)
               768  CRUSHING ANDGRINDING MACHINE OPERATORS (PT 7477, PT 7677)
               769  SLICING AND CUTTING MACHINE OPERATORS (7478, 7678) 
               773  MOTIONPICTURE PROJECTIONISTS (PT 7479)
               774  PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS MACHINE OPERATORS (6863,6868, 7671)
               777  MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE OPERATORS, N.E.C. (PT 7479,7665,
                    7679)
               779  MACHINE OPERATORS, NOT SPECIFIED
              ------------------------------------------------------------     


               -fabricators, assemblers, and hand working occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (783) THROUGH (795) ARE RECODED TO:   63   
                    ͼ
               783  WELDERS AND CUTTERS (7332, 7532, 7714)
               784  SOLDERERS AND BRAZERS (7333, 7533, 7717)
               785  ASSEMBLERS (772,774)
               786  HAND CUTTING AND TRIMMING OCCUPATIONS (7753)
               787  HAND MOLDING, CASTING, AND FORMING OCCUPATIONS (7754,7755)
               789  HAND PAINTING, COATING, AND
                    DECORATING OCCUPATIONS (7756)
               793  HAND ENGRAVING AND PRINTING
                    OCCUPATIONS (7757)
               794  HAND GRINDING AND POLISHING OCCUPATIONS (7758)
               795  MISCELLANEOUS HAND WORKING OCCUPATIONS (7759)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

               -production inspectors, testors, samplers, and weighers-
                    ͻ
                      (796) THROUGH (799) ARE RECODED TO:   64   
                    ͼ
               796  PRODUCTION INSPECTORS, CHECKERS, AND
                    EXAMINERS (782, 787)
                    797  PRODUCTION TESTERS (783)
               798  PRODUCTION SAMPLERS AND WEIGHERS (784)
               799  GRADERS AND SORTERS, EXCEPT
               AGRICULTURAL (785)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                   Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 
                                 ....................
                              -motor vehicle operators-
                    ͻ
                      (803) THROUGH (814) ARE RECODED TO:   65   
                    ͼ
               803  SUPERVISORS, MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATORS (8111)
               804  TRUCK DRIVERS, HEAVY (8212, 8213)
               805  TRUCK DRIVERS, LIGHT (8214
               806  DRIVER-SALES WORKERS (8218)
               808  BUS DRIVERS  (8215)
               809  TAXICAB DRIVERS AND CHAUFFEURS (8216)
               813  PARKING LOT ATTENDANTS (874)
               814  MOTOR TRANSPORTATION OCCUPATIONS, N.E.C. (8219)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                  Transportation Occupations, except Motor Vehicles 
                                 ....................
                          -rail transportation occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (823) THROUGH (826) ARE RECODED TO:   66   
                    ͼ
               823  RAILROAD CONDUCTORS AND YARDMASTERS (8113)          
               824  LOCOMOTIVE OPERATING OCCUPATIONS (8232)             
               825  RAILROAD BRAKE, SIGNAL, AND SWITCH OPERATORS (8233)
               826  RAIL VEHICLE OPERATORS, N.E.C. (8239)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                          -water transportation occupations-
                    ͻ
                      (828) THROUGH (834) ARE RECODED TO:   66   
                    ͼ
               828  SHIP CAPTAINS AND MATES, EXCEPT
                    FISHING BOATS (PT 8241, 8242)
               829  SAILORS AND DECKHANDS (8243)
               833  MARINE ENGINEERS (8244)
               834  BRIDGE, LOCK, AND LIGHTHOUSE TENDERS (8245)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                         Material Moving Equipment Operators
                    ͻ
                      (843) THROUGH (859) ARE RECODED TO:   67   
                    ͼ
               843  SUPERVISORS, MATERIAL MOVING
                    EQUIPMENT OPERATORS (812)
               844  OPERATING ENGINEERS (8312)
               845  LONGSHORE EQUIPMENT OPERATORS (8313)
               848  HOIST AND WINCH OPERATORS (8314)
               849  CRANE AND TOWER OPERATORS (8315)
               853  EXCAVATING AND LOADING MACHINE OPERATORS (8316)
               855  GRADER, DOZER, AND SCRAPER OPERATORS (8317)
               856  INDUSTRIAL TRUCK AND TRACTOR
                    EQUIPMENT OPERATORS (8318)   
               859  MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL MOVING
                    EQUIPMENT OPERATORS (8319)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     

                 Handlers, Equipment Cleaners, Helpers, and Laborers
                    ͻ
                      (863) THROUGH (873) ARE RECODED TO:   68   
                    ͼ
               863  SUPERVISORS; HANDLERS, EQUIPMENT CLEANERS, AND 
                    LABORERS, N.E.C. (85)    
                            
               864  HELPERS, MECHANICS AND REPAIRERS (863)
               HELPERS, CONSTRUCTION AND EXTRACTIVE OCCUPATIONS

               865  HELPERS, CONSTRUCTION TRADES (8641-8645, 8648)
               866  HELPERS, SURVEYOR (8646) 
               867  HELPERS, EXTRACTIVE OCCUPATIONS (865)
               869  CONSTRUCTION LABORERS (871)
               873  PRODUCTION HELPERS (861, 862)
------------------------------------------------------------

                        Freight, Stock, and Material Handlers 
                    ͻ
                      (875) THROUGH (883) ARE RECODED TO:   69   
                    ͼ
               875  GARBAGE COLLECTORS (8722)
               876  STEVEDORES (8723)
               877  STOCK HANDLERS AND BAGGERS (8724)
               878  MACHINE FEEDERS AND OFFBEARERS (8725) 
               883  FREIGHT, STOCK, AND MATERIAL HANDLERS, N.E.C. (8726)  
              ------------------------------------------------------------     


                    ͻ
                      (885) THROUGH (889) ARE RECODED TO:   70   
                    ͼ
               885  GARAGE AND SERVICE STATION RELATED OCCUPATIONS (873)
               887  VEHICLE WASHERS AND EQUIPMENT CLEANERS (875)
               888  HAND PACKERS AND PACKAGERS (8761)
               889  LABORERS, EXCEPT CONSTRUCTION (8769) 
              ------------------------------------------------------------ 


                    ͻ
                      (900) IS RECODED TO:   71                  
                    ͼ
               900  CURRENT MEMBER OF THE ARMED FORCES
                    (NOT A CENSUS CODE)
              ------------------------------------------------------------     


                    ͻ
                      (999) IS RECODED TO:   90                  
                    ͼ
               999  OCCUPATION NOT REPORTED (CODE USED
                    WHEN NOT-REPORTED CASES ARE NOT ALLOCATED)   




>> 1980 CENSUS INDUSTRY CODE

                                 - USED 1990, 1992 -



NUMBERS IN PARENTHESES FOLLOWING INDUSTRY CATEGORIES ARE THE U.S DEPT. OF
COMMERCE 1972 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION (SIC) DEFINITIONS.  THE
ABBREVIATION "PT" MEANS "PART" AND "N.E.C." MEANS "NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED."


                         AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES

               010  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, CROPS (01)  
               011  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, LIVESTOCK (02)
               020  AGRICULTURAL SERVICES, EXCEPT HORTICULTURAL  (07, EXCEPT
                    078)
               021  HORTICULTURAL SERVICES (078)
               030  FORESTRY (08)
               031  FISHING, HUNTING, AND TRAPPING (09)   


                         MINING

               040  METAL MINING (10)
               041  COAL MINING (11,12)
               042  CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS
                    EXTRACTION (13)
               050  NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING,
                    EXCEPT FUEL (14)
               060  CONSTRUCTION (15,16,17)



                       MANUFACTURING

                     NONDURABLE GOODS:  FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS

               100  MEAT PRODUCTS (201)
               101  DAIRY PRODUCTS (202)
               102  CANNED AND PRESERVED FRUITS AND
                    VEGETABLES (203)
               110  GRAIN MILL PRODUCTS (204)
               111  BAKERY PRODUCTS (205)
               112  SUGAR AND CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS
                    (206)
               120  BEVERAGE INDUSTRIES (208)
               121  MISCELLANEOUS FOOD PREPARATIONS AND
                    KINDRED PRODUCTS (207,209)
               122  NOT SPECIFIED FOOD INDUSTRIES
               130  TOBACCO MANUFACTURES (21)

               NONDURABLE GOODS:  TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS

               132  KNITTING MILLS (225)
               140  DYEING AND FINISHING TEXTILES, EXCEPT WOOL AND
                    KNIT GOODS (226)
               141  FLOOR COVERINGS, EXCEPT HARD SURFACE (227)
               142  YARN, THREAD, AND FABRIC MILLS (228, 221-224)
               150  MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (229)

               NONDURABLE GOODS:  APPAREL AND OTHER
               FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS

               151  APPAREL AND ACCESSORIES, EXCEPT KNIT (231-238)
               152  MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS (239)

               NONDURABLE GOODS:  PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

               160  PULP, PAPER, AND PAPERBOARD MILLS (261-263,266)
               161  MISCELLANEOUS PAPER AND PULP PRODUCTS (264)
               162  PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES (265)

               NONDURABLE GOODS:  PRINTING, PUBLISHING
               AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES

               171  NEWSPAPER PUBLISHING AND PRINTING (271)
               172  PRINTING, PUBLISHING AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES,
                    EXCEPT NEWSPAPERS (272-279)

               NONDURABLE GOODS:  CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

               180  PLASTICS, SYNTHETICS, AND RESINS (282)
               181  DRUGS (283)
               182  SOAPS AND COSMETICS (284)
               190  PAINTS, VARNISHES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS (285)
               191  AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS (287)
               192  INDUSTRIAL AND MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALS (281,286, 289)

               NONDURABLE GOODS:  PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS

               200  PETROLEUM REFINING (291)
               201  MISCELLANEOUS PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS (295, 299)    

               NONDURABLE GOODS:  RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS

               210  TIRES AND INNER TUBES (301)
               211  OTHER RUBBER PRODUCTS, AND PLASTICS
                    FOOTWEAR AND BELTING (302-304,306)
               212  MISCELLANEOUS PLASTIC PRODUCTS (307)

               NONDURABLE GOODS:  LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS

               220  LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING  (311)
               221  FOOTWEAR, EXCEPT RUBBER AND PLASTIC (313,314)
               222  LEATHER PRODUCTS, EXCEPT FOOTWEAR (315-317,319)

               DURABLE GOODS:  LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT FURNITURE

               230  LOGGING (241)
               231  SAWMILLS, PLANING MILLS, AND MILLWORK (242,243)
               232  WOOD BUILDINGS AND MOBILE HOMES (245)
               241  MISCELLANEOUS WOOD PRODUCTS (244,249)
               242  FURNITURE AND FIXTURES (25)

               DURABLE GOODS:  STONE, CLAY, GLASS AND CONCRETE PRODUCTS

               250  GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS (321-323)
               251  CEMENT, CONCRETE, GYPSUM, AND PLASTER PRODUCTS (324,327)
               252  STRUCTURAL CLAY PRODUCTS (325)
               261  POTTERY AND RELATED PRODUCTS (326)
               262  MISCELLANEOUS NONMETALLIC MINERAL AND STONE PRODUCTS
                    (328,329)

               DURABLE GOODS:  METAL INDUSTRIES

               270  BLAST FURNACES, STEELWORKS, ROLLING
                    AND FINISHING MILLS (331)
               271  IRON AND STEEL FOUNDRIES (332)
               272  PRIMARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIES (3334,PT 334,3353-3355,3361)
               280  OTHER PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
                    (3331-3333,3339, PT 334,3351, 3356,3357,3362,3369,339)
               281  CUTLERY, HAND TOOLS, AND OTHER HARDWARE (342)
               282  FABRICATED STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS (344)
               290  SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS (345)
               291  METAL FORGINGS AND STAMPINGS (346)
               292  ORDNANCE (348)
               300  MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (341,343,347,349)
               301  NOT SPECIFIED METAL INDUSTRIES

               DURABLE GOODS:  MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL

               310  ENGINES AND TURBINES (351)
               311  FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (352)
               312  CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIAL HANDLING MACHINES (353)
               320  METALWORKING MACHINERY (354)
               321  OFFICE AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES (357, EXCEPT 3573)
               322  ELECTRONIC COMPUTING EQUIPMENT (3573)
               331  MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL, N.E.C. (355,356,358,359)
               332  NOT SPECIFIED MACHINERY


               DURABLE GOODS:  ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES

               340  HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES (363)
               341  RADIO, TV, AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT (365,366)
               342  ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES, N.E.C.
                    (361,362,364,367,369)
               350  NOT SPECIFIED ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, AND
                    SUPPLIES 
 
                                MANUFACTURING  (cont.)

               DURABLE GOODS:  TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

               351  MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPMENT (371)
               352  AIRCRAFT AND PARTS (372)
               360  SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING AND REPAIRING (373)
               361  RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVES AND EQUIPMENT      (374)
               362  GUIDED MISSILES, SPACE VEHICLES, AND OTHER PARTS (376)
               370  CYCLES AND MISCELLANEOUS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
                    (375,379)

               DURABLE GOODS: PROFESSIONAL AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT,AND
               WATCHES

               371  SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS (381,382)
               372  OPTICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES SUPPLIES (383, 384, 385)
               380  PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES (386)
               381  WATCHES, CLOCKS, AND CLOCKWORK OPERATED DEVICES (387)
               382  NOT SPECIFIED PROFESSIONAL EQUIPMENT
               390  TOYS, AMUSEMENT, AND SPORTING GOODS (394)
               391  MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES (39 EXC.394)
               392  NOT SPECIFIED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES


   TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIE

               TRANSPORTATION

               400  RAILROADS (40)
               401  BUS SERVICE AND URBAN TRANSIT (41, EXCEPT 412)
               402  TAXICAB SERVICE (412)
               410  TRUCKING SERVICE (421,423)
               411  WAREHOUSING AND STORAGE (422)
               412  U.S. POSTAL SERVICE (43)
               420  WATER TRANSPORTATION (44)
               421  AIR TRANSPORTATION (45)
               422  PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS (46)
               432  SERVICES INCIDENTAL TO TRANSPORTATION (47)

               COMMUNICATIONS

               440  RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING (483)
               441  TELEPHONE (WIRE AND RADIO) (481)
               442  TELEGRAPH AND MISCELLANEOUS COMMUNICATION SERVICES
                    (482,489)

               UTILITIES AND SANITARY SERVICES

               460  ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER (491)
               461  GAS AND STEAM SUPPLY SYSTEMS (492,496)
               462  ELECTRIC AND GAS, AND OTHER COMBINATIONS (493)
               470  WATER SUPPLY AND IRRIGATION(494,497)
               471  SANITARY SERVICES (495)
               472  NOT SPECIFIED UTILITIES WHOLESALE TRADE

               DURABLE GOODS

               500  MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT (501)
               501  FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS (502)
               502  LUMBER AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS (503)
               510  SPORTING GOODS, TOYS AND HOBBY GOODS (504)
               511  METALS AND MINERALS, EXCEPT PETROLEUM (505)
               512  ELECTRICAL GOODS (506)
               521  HARDWARE, PLUMBING AND HEATING SUPPLIES (507)
               522  NOT SPECIFIED ELECTRICAL AND HARDWARE PRODUCTS
               530  MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES (508)
               531  SCRAP AND WASTE MATERIALS (5093)
               532  MISCELLANEOUS WHOLESALE, DURABLE GOODS (5094,5099)

               NONDURABLE GOODS

               540  PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS (511)
               541  DRUGS, CHEMICALS, AND ALLIED PRODUCTS (512,516)
               542  APPAREL, FABRICS, AND NOTIONS (513)
               550  GROCERIES AND RELATED PRODUCTS (514)
               551  FARM PRODUCTS-RAW MATERIALS (515)
               552  PETROLEUM PRODUCTS (517)
               560  ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (518)
               561  FARM SUPPLIES (5191)
               562  MISCELLANEOUS WHOLESALE, NONDURABLE GOODS (5194,5198,
                    5199)
               571  NOT SPECIFIED WHOLESALE TRADE

                                     RETAIL TRADE

               580  LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIAL RETAILING (521,523)
               581  HARDWARE STORES (525)
               582  RETAIL NURSERIES AND GARDEN STORES (526)
               590  MOBILE HOME DEALERS (527)
               591  DEPARTMENT STORES (531)
               592  VARIETY STORES (533)
               600  MISCELLANEOUS GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES (539)
               601  GROCERY STORES (541)
               602  DAIRY PRODUCTS STORES (545)
               610  RETAIL BAKERIES (546)
               611  FOOD STORES, N.E.C. (542,543,544,549)
               612  MOTOR VEHICLES DEALERS (551,552)
               620  AUTO AND HOME SUPPLY STORES (553)
               621  GASOLINE SERVICE STATIONS (554)
               622  MISCELLANEOUS VEHICLE DEALERS (555,556,557,559)
               630  APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES, EXCEPT SHOE (56, EXCEPT 566)
               631  SHOE STORES (566)
               632  FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS STORES (571)
               640  HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES, TV, AND RADIO  STORES (572,573)
               641  EATING AND DRINKING PLACES (58)
               642  DRUG STORES (591)
               650  LIQUOR STORES (592)
               651  SPORTING GOODS, BICYCLES, AND HOBBY STORES
                    (5941,5945,5946)
               652  BOOK AND STATIONERY STORES (5942,5943)
               660  JEWELRY STORES (5944)
               661  SEWING, NEEDLEWORK, AND PIECE GOODS STORES (5949)
               662  MAIL ORDER HOUSES (5961)
               670  VENDING MACHINE OPERATORS (5962)
               671  DIRECT SELLING ESTABLISHMENTS (5963)
               672  FUEL AND ICE DEALERS (598)
               681  RETAIL FLORISTS (5992)
               682  MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL STORES (593,5947,5948,5993,5994,5999)
               691  NOT SPECIFIED RETAIL TRADE


                         FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE

               700  BANKING (60)
               701  SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS (612)
               702  CREDIT AGENCIES, N.E.C. (61, EXCEPT 612)
               710  SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERAGE, ANDINVESTMENT COMPANIES
                    (62,67)
               711  INSURANCE (63,64)
               712  REAL ESTATE, INCLUDING REAL ESTATE-INSURANCE-LAW  OFFICES
                    (65,66)

                             BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES

               721   ADVERTISING (731)
               722   SERVICES TO DWELLINGS AND OTHER BUILDINGS (734)
               730   COMMERCIAL RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT, AND TESTING LABS
                     (7391,7397)
               731   PERSONNEL SUPPLY SERVICES (736)
               732   BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND CONSULTING SERVICES (7392)
               740   COMPUTER AND DATA PROCESSING SERVICES (737)
               741   DETECTIVE AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES (7393)
               742   BUSINESS SERVICES, N.E.C.
                     (732,733,735,7394,7395,7396,7399)
               750   AUTOMOTIVE SERVICES, EXCEPT REPAIR (751,752,754)
               751   AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR SHOPS (753)
               752   ELECTRICAL REPAIR SHOPS (762,7694)
               760   MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES  (763,764,7692,7699)


                        PERSONAL SERVICES

               761   PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS (88)
               762   HOTELS AND MOTELS (701)
               770   LODGING PLACES, EXCEPT HOTELS AND MOTELS(702,703,704)
               771   LAUNDRY, CLEANING, AND GARMENT SERVICES (721)
               772   BEAUTY SHOPS (723)
               780   BARBER SHOPS (724)
               781   FUNERAL SERVICE AND CREMATORIES  (726)
               782   SHOE REPAIR SHOPS (725)
               790   DRESSMAKING SHOPS (PT 729)
               791   MISCELLANEOUS PERSONAL SERVICES (722, PT 729)


                         ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICE

               800   THEATERS AND MOTION PICTURES (78,792)
               801   BOWLING ALLEYS, BILLIARD AND POOL PARLORS (793)
               802  MISCELLANEOUS ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES
                    (791,794,799)


                          PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED SERVICES

               812   OFFICES OF PHYSICIANS (801,803)
               820   OFFICES OF DENTISTS (802)
               821   OFFICES OF CHIROPRACTORS (8041)
               822   OFFICES OF OPTOMETRISTS (8042)
               830   OFFICES OF HEALTH PRACTITIONERS, N.E.C. (8049)
               831   HOSPITALS (806)
               832   NURSING AND PERSONAL CARE FACILITIES (805)
               840   HEALTH SERVICES, N.E.C. (807,808,809)
               841   LEGAL SERVICES (81)
               842   ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS (821)
               850   COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES (822)
               851   BUSINESS, TRADE AND VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS (824)
               852   LIBRARIES (823)
               860   EDUCATIONAL SERVICES, N.E.C (829)
               861   JOB TRAINING AND VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION SERVICES (833)
               862   CHILD DAY CARE SERVICES (835)
               870   RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITIES, WITHOUT NURSING (836)
               871   SOCIAL SERVICES, N.E.C. (832,839)
               872   MUSEUMS, ART GALLERIES, AND ZOOS (84)
               880   RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS (866)
               881   MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS (861-865, 869)
               882   ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURAL, AND SURVEYING SERVICES (891)
               890   ACCOUNTING, AUDITING, AND BOOKKEEPING SERVICES (893)
               891   NONCOMMERCIAL EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (892)
               892   MISCELLANEOUS PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED SERVICES (899)


                                PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

               900   EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE OFFICES (911-913)
               901   GENERAL GOVERNMENT, N.E.C (919)
               910   JUSTICE, PUBLIC ORDER, AND SAFETY (92)
               921   PUBLIC FINANCE, TAXATION, AND MONETARY POLICY (93)
               922   ADMINISTRATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES PROGRAMS (94)
               930   ADMINISTRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND  HOUSING
                     PROGRAMS (95)
               931   ADMINISTRATION OF ECONOMIC PROGRAMS (96)
               932   NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (97)
               990   INDUSTRY NOT REPORTED



>> PARTY/CANDIDATE CODES, 1990-1992


                              - USED 1990, 1991, 1992 -


     Asterisks mark codes which are NOT in numerical sequence.

       Ŀ
       PARTY ONLY -- PEOPLE WITHIN PARTY
       


     0001 Johnson
     0002 Kennedy, John; JFK
     0003 Kennedy, Robert; RFK
     0004 Kennedy, Edward; "Ted"
     0005 Kennedy, NA which
     0006 Truman
     0007 Roosevelt; "FDR"
     0008 McGovern
     0009 Carter
     0010 Mondale
     0011 McCarthy, Eugene
     0012 Humphrey
     0013 Muskie
     0014 Dukakis, Michael
     0015 Wallace
     0016 Jackson, Jesse
     0017 Clinton, Bill


     0031 Eisenhower; Ike
     0032 Nixon
     0034 Rockefeller
     0035 Reagan
     0036 Ford
     0037 Bush
     0038 Connally
     0039 Kissinger
     0040 McCarthy, Joseph
     0041 Buchanan, Pat


     0051 Other national party figures (Senators, Congressman, etc.)
     0052 Local party figures (city, state, etc.)
     0053 Good/Young/Experienced leaders; like whole ticket
     0054 Bad/Old/Inexperienced leaders; dislike whole ticket
     0055 Reference to vice-presidential candidate

      0097     Other people within party reasons

       Ŀ
       PARTY ONLY -- PARTY CHARACTERISTICS
       


     0101 Traditional Democratic voter: always been a Democrat; just a
          Democrat; never been a Republican; just couldn't vote Republican

     0102 Traditional Republican voter: always been a Republican; just a
          Republican; never been a Democrat; just couldn't vote Democratic

     0111 Positive, personal, affective terms applied to party--good/nice
          people; patriotic; etc.

     0112 Negative, personal, affective terms applied to party--bad/lazy
          people; lack of patriotism; etc.

     0121 Can trust them; they keep their promises; you know where they stand
     0122 Can't trust them; they break their promises; you don't know where
          they stand

     0131 Party is well-organized, sticks together, is united; members are
          disciplined; votes party line

     0132 Party is poorly-organized/really two parties/divided/
          factionalized; members not disciplined; doesn't vote party line

     0133 Party is (more) representative/good cross-section of the country;
          encompasses a wider variety of views/people; is more at the center
          of the country's views

     0134 Party is less/not representative;bad cross-section of the country;
          encompasses more restricted views; is less at the center of the
          country's views

     0135 Reference to participation of minority candidate(s)

     0141 Reference to party's most recent National Convention; party's
          process/method of selecting presidential/vice-presidential
          candidates

     0151 Performance of local branch of party; how they've done in this
          state/county/town

     0161 Reference to the predominant faction that R sees as being in control
          of the party (NA which faction); "I don't like the people running
          it"
     0162 Reference to Northerners/Liberals (as in control) of Democratic
          Party
     0163 Reference to Southerners/Conservatives (as in control) of Democratic
          Party

     0164 Reference to Easterners/Liberals/Moderates (as in control) of
          Republican Party
     0165 Reference to Midwesterners/Westerners/Southerners/
          Conservatives (as in control) of Republican Party

     0167 Can't win; doesn't have a chance
     0168 Can win; party can't be beat


       Ŀ
       PARTY ONLY -- PARTY CHARACTERISTICS cont'd.
       

     0169 Too big a party; there are too many of them; party is too powerful
     0170 Too small a party; there are not enough of them; party is too weak

     0171 Listens (more) to people; takes (more) into consideration the needs
          and wants of people; understands (better) the people/the majority of
          the people
     0172 Doesn't listen to/understand the needs and wants of the people/the
          majority of the people

     0173 Campaign tactics, uses too much money in campaigns, slings mud 
     0174 Party has been in office/controlled Congress/held the White House
          too long/long enough; we need a change (of party) [code 430 for
          mentions of candidate]
     0197 Other party-characteristic reasons


       Ŀ
       CANDIDATE ONLY -- EXPERIENCE, ABILITY
       

     0201 General reference to him as "a good/bad man or a good/bad
          guy"; R has heard good/bad things about him; qualifications;
          general ability; reference to his "personality"

     0203 Not qualified for the office; the job is too big for him to
          handle

     0211 Experienced (NA what kind) (see 0217, 0218, 0220 for specific kinds
          of experience; if in foreign policy see 1100's)

     0212 Inexperienced

     0213 Dependable/Trustworthy/Reliable; a man you can trust with the
          responsibilities of government ("trust" in the capability sense,
          rather than the honesty sense)    

     0214 Undependable/Untrustworthy/Unreliable; a man you can't trust with
          the responsibilities of government

     0215 A military man; a good military/war record

     0216 Not a military man; bad military/war record; no military/war record

     0217 His record in public service; how well he's performed in previous
          offices; voting record in Congress

     0218 Has government experience/political experience/seniority/ 
          incumbency
     0219 Lacks government experience/political experience


       Ŀ
       CANDIDATE ONLY -- EXPERIENCE, ABILITY cont'd
       

     0220 A statesman; has experience in foreign affairs
     0221 Not a statesman; lacks experience in foreign affairs

     0222 "He has done a good job so far"; he has brought us through hard
          times"; has gotten things done has some good ideas; trying to do
          right things

     0223 Hasn't done anything; hasn't produced any results (general); has not
          been able to get programs off the ground

     0224 Has fulfilled/kept (campaign) promises
     0225 Has not fulfilled/kept (campaign) promises

     0297 Other candidate experience/ability reasons

       Ŀ
       CANDIDATE ONLY -- CANDIDATE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES
       

     0301 Dignified/has dignity
     0302 Undignified/lacks dignity

     0303 Strong/decisive/self-confident/aggressive; will end all this
          indecision

     0304 Weak/indecisive/lacks self-confidence/vacillating

     0305 Inspiring; a man you can follow; "a leader"
     0306 Uninspiring; not a man you can follow; not a leader

     *0335   Makes people feel good about America/being Americans; is
             patriotic/loves the country

     0307 People have confidence in him
     0308 People don't have confidence in him

     0309 Good at communicating with blacks, young people, other "problem"
          groups
     0310 Bad at communicating with blacks, young people, other "problem"
          groups (if communicate in general, see 0441, 0442)

     0311 Knows how to handle people (at personal level)
     0312 Doesn't know how to handle people (at personal level)

     0313 A politician/political person; (too) much in politics; a good
          politician; part of Washington crowd; politically motivated; just
          wants to be re-elected
     0314 Not a politician; not in politics; above politics; a bad politician

     0315 Independent; no one runs him; his own boss
     0316 Not independent; run by others; not his own man/boss

     0317 Humble; knows his limitations; doesn't pretend to know all the
          answers
     0318 Not humble enough; too cocky/self-confident; can't admit
          shortcomings; blames others for his/her mistakes

       Ŀ
       CANDIDATE ONLY -- CANDIDATE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES cont'd.
       

     0319 (Too) Careful/Cautious/Good judgment
     0320 (Too) Impulsive/Careless/Bad/Poor judgment

    *0334 Poor at explaining himself/his positions; doesn't answer questions
          clearly; speaks off the top of his head/doesn't stop to think
          before he speaks

     0321 Helps people in the district on a personal level; has helped R
          personally with a problem (specific mention); tries to do things for
          the people

     0322 Doesn't help people in the district on a personal level; was not
          helpful to R with a personal problem (specific mention)

     0323 Represents (well) the views of the district; close to people in the
          district; comes home regularly to chat and mix with people
     0324 Does not represent (well) the views of the district; not close to
          the people in the district; doesn't interact enough with the people

     0325 Keeps people well informed about governmental matters; communicates
          with constituents; any mention of R receiving newsletters or
          communications from him/her; explains matters well so people can
          understand
     0326 Does not inform people enough about governmental matters; does not
          send enough newsletters or communications; doesn't explain matters
          well

     0327 Listens to the people/solicits public opinion; any mention of polls
          or questionnaires; is accessible to constituents (NFS)
     0328 Doesn't listen to the people/does not solicit public opinion; isn't
          accessible to constituents (NFS)

     0329 Has helped local (district) economy; brought money, projects, jobs
          to district
     0330 Has not helped local (district) economy; not brought money,
          projects, jobs to district

     0331 Candidate helps the district; watches out for the interests of the
          district or region in general
     0332 Candidate has not protected/watched out for the interests of the
          district (specific mentions)

    *0334 Located after 0320
    *0335 Located after 0306

     0397 Other candidate leadership reason


       Ŀ
       CANDIDATE ONLY -- PERSONAL QUALITIES
       

     0401 Honest/Sincere; keeps promises; man of integrity; means what he
          says; fair; not tricky; open and candid; straightforward; positive
          Playboy  references (1976)
     0402 Dishonest/Insincere; breaks promises; no integrity; doesn't mean
          what he says; tricky; not open and candid; not straightforward

     0403 Man of high principles/ideals; high moral purpose; idealistic (if
          too idealistic, code 0416)
     0404 Lacks principles/ideals

     0405 Racist/Bigoted/Prejudiced
     0406 Not a racist/bigoted/prejudiced

     0407 Public servant; man of duty; conscientious; hard-working; would be a
          full-time President; good attendance record in Congress; dedicated;
          really interested in serving people

     0408 Doesn't take public service seriously; lazy; would be a part-time
          President; poor attendance record in office; not dedicated; not
          really interested in serving people

     0409 Doesn't use office for personal benefit; not in office to maximize
          personal benefit
     0410 Uses/in office (mostly) for personal benefits (junket trips, big     
          salary, other perks)

     0411 Patriotic; (88) like Bush's stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue
     0412 Unpatriotic; (88) dislike Dukakis' stand on Pledge of Allegiance
          issue

     0413 Understands the nation's/district's problems; well-informed; studies
          up on issues
     0414 Doesn't understand the nation's/district's problems; poorly
          informed; doesn't study up on issues

     0415 Realistic
     0416 Unrealistic; too idealistic; (if "idealistic" in positive sense,
          code 0403)

     0417 Uses common sense; makes a lot of sense; pragmatic/
          practical/down-to-earth
     0418 Not sensible; impractical

     0419 (Too) well educated; scholarly
     0420 Poorly educated; unschooled

     0421 Intelligent/Smart
     0422 Unintelligent/Stupid/Dumb 
    *0464 Uninformed; doesn't (seem to) know anything about the issues/what
          is going on in the country/government

     0423 Religious; "moral" (in religious sense); God-fearing; "too"
          religious
     0424 "Irreligious"; "immoral" (in religious sense); Playboy interview
          (reflects on Carter--1976)


       Ŀ
       CANDIDATE ONLY -- PERSONAL QUALITIES cont'd.
       

     0425 Self-made; not well off; started out as poor; worked his way up;
          (started out) unpolished/unrefined/rough
     0426 Wealthy; rich; born with silver spoon in mouth;
          polished/refined/well-mannered

     0427 Old hat; has run before; a die-hard; "a loser" (in the past)
     0428 Someone new; a fresh face

     0429 Don't change horses in midstream
     0430 Time for a change;incumbent has been in office too long/long enough
          [code 174 for mentions of party]

     0431 Unsafe/Unstable; dictatorial; craves power; ruthless
     0432 Safe/Stable

     0433 Sense of humor; jokes a lot (too much)
     0434 No sense of humor; humorless (too serious)

     0435 Kind/Warm/Gentle
     0436 Cold/Aloof

     0437 Likeable; gets along with people; friendly; outgoing
     0438 Not likeable; can't get along with people

     0439 Democratic (in non-partisan sense)
     0440 Undemocratic (in non-partisan sense)

     0441 High-fallutin'/High-brow; talks in circles; can't talk to common
          man; can't communicate ideas well
     0442 Not high-fallutin'/is low-brow; talks straight; can talk to common
          man; can communicate ideas well

     0443 Well-known; "I know him/her"
     0444 Unknown; not well known

     0445 Reference to his family (not 0457)
     0446 Reference to his wife/spouse

     0447 Speaking ability
     0448 Health
     0449 Appearance/Looks/Face/Appearance on TV; his smile

     0450 Age (NA how perceived)
     0451 (Too) Old
     0452 (Too) Young

     0453 Mature
     0454 Immature

     0455 Regional reference; "he's a Southerner"; "he's a Midwesterner"; he
          comes from the country/a rural area; area reference

     0456 Previous occupation


       Ŀ
       CANDIDATE ONLY -- PERSONAL QUALITIES cont'd.
       

     0457 He's a family man

     0459 Energetic; too energetic
     0460 Not energetic

     0461 Gender, e.g., "She's a woman"
     0462 Racial/Ethnic attribute; "He is a black man"

    *0464 Located after 0422

     0495 Other negative personal qualities
     0496 Other positive personal qualities
     0497 Other candidate personal qualities

     0498 References to Playboy interview--NA direction or neutral; "it's OK,"
          "that is what the Bible says" (not 0401)--1976


       Ŀ
       CANDIDATE ONLY--PARTY CONNECTIONS
       


     0500 A Democrat; good Democrat; typical Democrat
     0501 A Republican; good Republican; typical Republican

     0502 Controlled by party regulars/bosses/machine
     0503 Not controlled by party regulars/bosses

     0504 Reference to men around him/staff/followers

     0505 Reference to his speeches (exc. 0447), campaign tactics;
         mud-slinging; (88) dislike Bush's stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue

     0506 Can win; best choice for party victory
     0507 Cannot win; not good choice for party victory

     0508 Reference to linkage with other party figures (he's close to the
          Kennedy's; he was close to Eisenhower; etc.)

     0509 Would continue/keep/follow Democratic policies (unspecified)
     0510 Would change/get rid of        "         "

     0511 Would continue/keep/follow Democratic domestic policies
          (unspecified, not codeable in 0900's)
     0512 Would change/get rid of        "         "         "

     0513 Would continue/keep/follow Democratic foreign policies (unspecified,
          not codeable in 1100's)
     0514 Would change/get rid of        "         "         "


       Ŀ
       CANDIDATE ONLY--PARTY CONNECTIONS cont'd.
       

     0515 Would continue/keep/follow Republican policies (unspecified)
     0516 Would change/get rid of        "         "

     0517 Would continue/keep/follow Republican domestic policies(unspecified,
          not codeable in 0900's)
     0518 Would change/get rid of        "         "         "

     0519 Would continue/keep/follow Republican foreign policies (unspecified,
          not codeable in 1100's)
     0520 Would change/get rid of        "         "         "

     0531 More liberal than most Democrats; a Northern Democrat
     0532 More conservative   "      "    ; a Southern Democrat

     0533 More liberal than most Republicans; an Eastern Republican
     0534 More conservative   "      "      ; a Midwestern/Western/
          Southern Republican

     0535 Will bring in/listen to the (party) liberals
     0536 Will bring in/listen to the (party) conservatives

     0541 References to the physical or mental health of vice-presidential
          incumbent/candidate; emotional state/stability of vice-presidential
          incumbern/candidata; [1972] References to the Eagleton affair

     0542 Reference to vice-presidential incumbent/candidate, running
           mate - NEC
     0543 References to age/gender/race/ethnic background of
          vice-presidential incumbent/candidate; [1984] Mondale's selection of
          a woman for vice-president

     0544 Mention of issue(s) that vice-presidential incumbent/candidate is
          identified with or has taken a leading role in promoting; [1992]
          Gore's position on the environment

     0551 References to link with "Watergate"--positive reference to Watergate
     0552 Not associated with "Watergate"--negative reference to Watergate;
          making too much out of Watergate

     0553 Ford's pardon of Nixon--NA direction or against pardon
     0554   "       "       "   --pro; brave/right thing to do

     0555 Positive references about independent candidacy; maybe the country
          needs a third party; third parties should have more recognition; the
          two party system needs buckling
     0556 Negative references/liabilities related to independent candidacy;
          "he's an independent" (NFS); "we don't need a third party"; "he
           lacks backing from a party"

      0597     Other candidate party connection reasons


       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT
       

     0601 Good/Efficient/Businesslike administration; balanced budget;
          lower/wouldn't increase national debt; cautious spending
     0602 Bad/Inefficient/Unbusinesslike administration; wasteful;
          "bureaucratic";
          deficit budget; higher/increased national debt; overspend

     0603 Honest government; not corrupt; no "mess in Washington"
     0604 Dishonest/Corrupt government; "mess in Washington"; immorality in
          government; reference to Hayes, Mills, Lance; [1992] writing bad
          checks on the House of Representatives bank

     0605 (Would) Spend less (than other side); (would) spend too little
     0606 (Would) Spend more (than other side); (would) spend too much

     0607 Has brought/will bring about bureaucratic reform
     0608 Has not brought/will not bring about bureaucratic reform

     0609 General assessment of job he/they would do/are doing; is
          good/bad President; are providing good/bad administration
    *0622 Doesn't work (hard) at job; not involved (enough) in the
          work of his office/delegates too much authority to others; has
          chosen poor/incompetent aides; his aides have not performed well
     0610 Reference to management/performance in Congress/Supreme Court/other
          government agency; references to the quality of appointments made to
          public posts (courts, cabinet, commissions)

     0611 He has/has not worked well with (Democratic) Congress; would/could
          have done better with (Republican) Congress; he kept/would keep
          Congress in check
     0612 He will work well/better with (Democratic) Congress

     0613 Gets more done/accomplishes as much/more productive
     0614 Gets less done/doesn't accomplish as much/less productive

    *0625 Mostly approve of/happy with job done so far, but doesn't
          approve of everything that has been done

     0615 Sympathy/understanding expressed for the complexity/ magnitude of
          the job (e.g., President): tough job

     0616 Sympathy/understanding expressed for the difficult situation ("a
          mess") inherited by the incumbent

    *0623 Doing the best he can (under the circumstances); doing as good
          a job as anyone else could do; everyone makes some mistakes
     0617 Will face (difficult) issues; faces problems directly; faces up to
          political reality
     0618 Will not face (difficult) issues; will not face problems directly;
          ignores political reality
     0619 Supports the president/works well with the president/would work well
          with the president
     0620 Does not support the president/does not (would not) work well with
          the president


       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVT MANAGEMENT cont'd
       

     0621 Response to/handling of domestic crisis or natural disaster - riot,
          hurricane, tornado, earthquake, flood, etc.

    *0622 Located after 0609
    *0623 Located after 0616
    *0625 Located after 0614

     0624 Opposes term limitations for Congress
     0626 Favors term limitations for Congress

     0627 The economy is bad, but that is not (necessarily) his fault

     0697 Other government management reasons



       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--MISCELLANEOUS
       


     0701 Just like him/them (NA why); like everything about him/them;
          "I was hoping he would win the (nomination/primaries)"
     0702 Just dislike/Don't like him/them (NA why); don't like
          anything about him/them

    *0732 Used to like him but don't now; have lost respect for him

     0703 Will save America; America needs him/them
     0704 Will ruin America; last thing America needs

     0705 Will unite Americans/bring people together
     0706 Will divide Americans/drive people apart

     0707 Speaks of party/candidate as good protector(s); will know what to
           do; more intelligent
     0708 Speaks of party/candidate as bad protector(s); won't know what to do

     0709 Good for country (unspecified); trying to do good job; trying; not
          just out for self/own best interest; has/have country's interest at
          heart
     0710 Bad for country (unspecified); don't have country's interests at
          heart; only looking out for their own interests

     0711 Lesser of two evils

     0718 Treatment of Jesse Jackson; didn't offer him the vice-presidenal
          nomination; didn't use him (effectively) to get out the Black vote;
          weren't coutreous/respectful toward him; didn't keep promises made
          to him

     0719 References to damaging incidents in candidate's personal life
          (sexual escapades, financial problems, substance abuse, etc); [1980]
          Reference to Chappaquiddick; Kennedy's personal problems

       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--MISCELLANEOUS cont'd.
       

     0720 Reference to Watergate affair (exc. 0551-0554)

     0721 The way the incumbent came to office; the people should select
          President

     0722 The incumbent should have a chance (on his own)/another
          chance/second chance

     0723 (I believe in/Necessary for) a two-party system; choice between
          candidates; opposition; balances power of other party

     0724 Vote for the man rather than party; look for more qualified man;
          don't pay attention to parties

     0725 The opponent who the candidate ran against; the candidate was the
          better/worse of the two in general; the candidate ran against
          someone I really like/dislike

     0726 Splits votes; will elect wrong candidate; "spoiler"

     0727 Expression of sympathy/admiration for the candidate's underdog
          position;
          trying hard against terrible odds; courageous uphill battle; "I like
          underdogs"; "they are bucking the guy" (keeping him off ballot, not
          taking him seriously, not giving him enough publicity)

     0728 Negative comments about the candidate's switching parties, being a
          turncoat, disloyal to his original party

     0729 Party selection of a woman for vice-president

     0730 Mention of debates; candidate's performance in the debates

     0731 Position (vote) on increasing congressional salary; position (vote)
          on accepting honoraria/outside pay/royalties while in office

    *0732 Located after 0702

     0733 References to candidate's children or extended family [code 446 for
          references to spouse]

     0796 References to unfair/undeserved/excessive criticism by media or
          public

      0797 Other miscellaneous reasons: Other miscellaneous reasons
           relating to image and candidate/party effect on nation


       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY/PHILOSOPHY
       

      0801 General assessment of ideas/policies/stands (unspecified)

      0802 Different from other party/candidate
      0803 Same as other party/candidate; not different enough

      0804 (Too) negative; always tearing down other side; no
           solutions of his/their own

      0805 For government activity; believe government should take care of
           things; for big government; supports social programs/ spending
           (not 0905-0907)
      0806 Against government activity; believe government involved in too
           many things; favors reduction in social programs/ spending
           (not 0905-0907)

      0807 Humanistic; favor human beings over property rights
      0808 Not humanistic; favor property rights over human beings

      0809 Favor social change/reform/progress/improvement of social
           conditions
      0810 Against social change/reform/progress/improvement of social
           conditions

      0811 Socialistic
      0812 Anti-socialistic

      0813 Communistic/soft/hard-liner on Communism/apologist for
           Communists/dupe
      0814 (Too) anti-communistic/hard-liner on Communism

      0815 (Too) liberal (except 0531 or 0533)
      0816 (Too) conservative (except 0532 or 0534)

      0817 Moderate/middle of the road/for slow change; not an
           extremist/fanatic
      0818 Extremist/fanatic/too far out; not too moderate/not a
           fence-sitter 
      0819 Pro-Far Right/Birchers/reactionaries; encouraging fascist/
           police state
      0820 Anti-Far Right/  "          "       ; discouraging    "

      0821 Pro-Far Left/radicals/Yippies/SDS; encouraging anarchy/
           guerilla state
      0822 Anti-Far Left/   "       "     " ; discouraging   "

      0823 Pro-Extremists (NA direction)/nuts/bomb-throwers
      0824 Anti-Extremists   "            "        "

      0827 Pro-States'/local/community rights; better local government
      0828 Anti-  "      "       "        "  ; worse/weaker local
           government

      0829 For equality; believe everyone should have things equally/
           be treated equally
      0830 Anti-equality; believe some people should have more than
           others/people
           should not be treated equally


       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY/PHILOSOPHY cont'd.
       

     0831 Generous, compassionate, believe in helping others
     0832 Selfish, only help themselves 

     0833 Acceptance of change/new ideas; less bound to status quo; more open
          to new ideas/ways of doing things; flexible, innovative
     0834 Resistance to change/new ideas; stick to (protect) status quo;
          resist new ways of doing things; rigid

     0835 Has a well-defined set of beliefs/definite philosophy; does not
          compromise on principles; has (clear) understanding of goals they
          stand for
     0836 Has poorly defined set of beliefs; lacks a definite philosophy;
          compromise on principles; has no (clear) understanding of goals they
          stand for

     0837 Favor work ethic; believes in self-reliance/in people working hard
          to get ahead
     0838 Doesn't favor work ethic; believes in people being handed things/in
          government handouts (if specific policy mentioned, code in 0900's)

     0841 Keep track of/control over administration heads, cabinet members,
          etc.; follow through on policies; determine if programs are working
     0842 Don't (as in 0841)

     0843 Conditional evaluation:  R suggests candidate/party cannot solve
          problems because not under his/their control (no negative
          connotations);
          will he/they be able to do what they say (determining factor outside
          his/their control); "I like what he says but wonder if he can do it"
          (if clearly negative, code in 0122 or 0402)

     0845 Will involve/wants to involve people/Congress/Cabinet/
          advisors/other government officials in government/
          decision making

     0846 Will not involve people/Congress/Cabinet/advisors/other government
          officials in government/decision making

     0847 Separation of church and state/religion and politics--pro
     0848 Separation of church and state/religion and politics--anti
     0849 Stand/views on religion (church/state relationship NA)

     0897 Other Government Activity/Philosophy reasons


       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES
       

     0900 General assessment of domestic ideas/policies/stands
          (unspecified)

     0901 General assessment of economic policy (unspecified)

     0902 Government economic controls--NA direction 
     0903     "          "         "  --Pro; we need planned economy;     
                                         control of private enterprise
     0904    "          "         "   --Anti; we have too much interference in
                                         private enterprise

     0905 Welfare/Poverty problems--NA direction; give-away
     0906    "       "       "    --Pro government aid/activity; pro
                                    give-aways
     0907    "       "       "    --Anti government aid/activity; anti         
                                    give-aways; pro self-help

     0908 Social Security/Pensions--NA direction
     0909    "       "       "    --Pro expansion in coverage and/or
                                    increase in benefits
     0910    "       "       "    --Anti expansion in coverage and/or increase
                                    in benefits; favoring contraction and/or
                                    decrease

     0911 Unemployment compensation--NA direction
     0912      "            "      --Pro expansion in coverage and/or
                                     increase in benefits
     0913      "            "      --Anti expansion in coverage and/or
                                     increase in benefits; favoring
                                     contraction and/or decrease

     0914 Aid to education--NA direction
     0915  "         "    --Pro
     0916  "         "    --Anti

     0917 Aid to parochial schools--NA direction
     0918  "         "        "   --Pro
     0919  "         "        "   --Anti

    *1052 School choice plans; vouchers -- pro
    *1053   "            "       "       -- anti

    *1047 Establish/enforce standards for schools (test teachers, require
           minimum curricula, regulate class size, etc) -- NA direction
    *1048      "          "        "   -- Pro
    *1049      "          "        "   --Anti

     0920 Housing--NA direction
     0921   "    --Pro more public housing
     0922   "    --Anti more public housing
     0923 Aid/Programs for older people/the aged, Medicare, Medicaid,
                                                  direction -- NA
     0924   "        "        "                             -- Pro
     0925   "        "        "                             -- Anti


       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES cont'd.
       

     0926 Monetary policy--NA direction
     0927    "       "   --Pro loose(r) money; more availability of
                           loans for housing, cars, etc.; lower
                           interest rates
     0928    "       "   --Anti loose(r) money; for tighter money; less
                           availability of loans; higher interest rates
     *1054     Value of the dollar relative to gold/other currencies; any
               mentions of gold/currencies

     *1046     Solvency/stability/regulation/control of the nation's FINANCIAL
               INSTITUTIONS.  [1990] Involvement in the Savings and Loan
               scandals

     0929 Tax policy--NA direction
     0930  "    "   --Pro lower taxes
     0931  "    "   --Anti lower taxes; for higher taxes
     0932  "    "   --Pro reform/fairer system/end of loopholes/
                      write-offs/dodges
     0933  "    "   --Anti reform/fairer system/end of
                      loopholes/write-offs/dodges

    *1055 Line item veto -- pro
    *1056 Line item veto -- anti

    *0942 [1990] Candidate voted for the budget agreement which resulted
          in increased taxes/fees

     0934 "The Times"/General conditions/Prosperity/The Economy
                                --better under him/them 
     0935      "          "     --worse under him/them

     0936 Inflation/Cost of living--lower/better under him/them
     0937   "         "        "  --higher/worse under him/them

     0938 Wages/Salaries/Income/Employment--higher/better under him/
                                                 them
     0939  "       "        "       "     --lower/worse under him/them

     0940 Prices for producers--higher/better under him/them
     0941   "              "  --lower/worse (if farm, see 0943-0945)

     *0942     Located after 0933

     0943 Programs to help farmers -- NA direction
     0944   "      "            "   --Pro (greater) help/fairer
                                      system, reform in system; higher
                                      price supports
     0945   "      "            "   --       Anti (greater) help/fairer
          system, reform in system; higher price supports



       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES cont'd.
       

      0946   Civil rights/Racial justice/Integration/Desegregation/Voting
             Rights -- NA direction
      0947     "      "                 -- Pro
      0948     "      "                 -- Anti

     *1043 Affirmative Action programs -- NA direction
     *1044   "       "            "    -- Pro; favors quotas based on race
           or gender
     *1045  "        "            "    -- Anti; opposes quotas based on
           race or gender

      0949 Civil liberties/Freedom of expression/First amendment/
           Privacy -- NA direction
      0950     "     -- Pro; against snooping; political trials, etc;
           (88) like Dukakis' stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue 
      0951     "     -- Anti; for snooping; political trials;
            McCarthyite; (88) dislike Republican party stand on Pledge of
            Allegiance issue

      0952   General assessment of Labor policy (unspecified)

      0953   Right to work laws--NA direction
      0954    "      "      "  --Pro (i.e., opposes unions
             [anti-labor, code 1208])
      0955    "      "      "  --Anti (i.e., supports unions
             [pro-labor, code 1207])

      0956   Strikes--NA direction
      0957     "    --will have fewer/will handle better
      0958     "    --will have more/will handle worse

      0959   Public power/Utilities/TVA/Atomic reactors/Nuclear power
             plants/Etc.        -- NA direction
      0960     "        "     " -- Pro
      0961     "        "     " -- Anti

     *1059 Regulation of companies engaged in public communication or
           transportation -- pro
     *1060   "            "            "            "           -- anti

      0962   Ecology/Environment; Air and Water Pollution--NA
             direction
      0963   Will crack down on polluters, will be activist; will
             protect the environment
      0964   Won't crack down on polluters, doesn't care; in league
             with polluters; not willing to protect the environment

      0965   Veterans' Benefits--NA direction
      0966      "          "   --Pro expansion of coverage and/or
                                 increase in benefits
      0967      "          "   --Anti expansion of coverage and/or
                                 increase in benefits; favoring contraction
                                 and/or decrease


       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES cont'd.
       

              0968   Law and order--NA direction
              0969    "        "  --soft line--unspecified
              0970    "        "     "     " --blacks
              0971    "        "     "     " --campus demonstrators
              0972    "        "     "     " --criminals/organized crime/
                                               hoodlums/street crime
              0973    "        "     "     " --anti power of police; court
                                               interference
             *1041  "        "     "     " --opposes death penalty
              0974    "        "  --hard line--unspecified
              0975    "        "     "     " --blacks
              0976    "        "     "     " --campus demonstrators
              0977    "        "     "     " --criminals/organized crime/
                                               hoodlums/street crime
              0978    "        "     "     " --pro power of police; reduced
                                               court interference
             *1042  "        "     "     " --favors death penalty

              0979   Public morality--NA direction
              0980     "       "    --Strict/older/traditionalistic outlook;
                                       improve/renew morality of country;
                                       pro-family; defends family values
              0981     "       "    --Permissive/newer/modernistic outlook;
                      not          
                     (strongly enough) pro-family; doesn't defend            
                     (strongly enough) family values

              0982   Drugs--NA direction
              0983     "  --Pro legalization/decriminalization; soft-liner;
                     (88) doesn't support (strongly enough) the war on drugs;
                     not willing to do more to combat drug use/pushers;
                     involvement with Noreiga 
              0984     "  --Anti legalization/decriminalization; hard-liner;
                     (88)supports the war on drugs; willing to do more to
                     combat drug use/pushers

              0985   Abortion and birth control--NA direction
              0986      "          "        "  --Pro reform/legalization;
                                                 new outlook
              0987      "          "        "  --Anti reform/legalization;
                                                traditional outlook
              0988   Gun control--NA direction
              0989    "     "   --Pro; controls
              0990    "     "   --Anti; "everyone has the right to own a gun"

              0991   Busing--NA direction
              0992     "   --Pro; against neighborhood school
              0993     "   --Anti; for neighborhood school

              0994   Urban problem/Cities--NA direction
              0995      "     "      "   --Pro government aid/activity
              0996      "     "      "   --Anti government aid/activity

       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES cont'd.
       

              0997 Other domestic policy reasons

              1001   National Health Insurance--NA direction
              1002      "       "        "    --Pro
              1003      "       "        "    --Anti

              1004   Energy/Gas shortage--Development of alternative energy
                                          source, NA direction
              1005     "     "      "   --Pro development of alternative
                     source,
                                          better/handled better; more fuel
              1006     "     "      "   --Anti development of alternative
                     energy source, worse/handled worse; less fuel
       **********************************************************************
        References to nuclear energy should be coded in 0959, 0960, or 0961.
       **********************************************************************
              1007   Government plans to make more jobs--NA direction;
                     make-work
                                                    programs; CETA; WPAL; CCA
              1008      "         "         "        " --Pro
              1009      "         "         "        " --Anti
              1010   Confidence/Trust in government--NA direction
              1011       "         "         "     --would handle better;
                     restore confidence
              1012       "         "         "     --would handle worse; cause 
                                                     loss of confidence
              1013   ERA; Women's rights--NA direction
              1014    "     "       "   --Pro
              1015    "     "       "   --Anti

              1016   Influx of political/economic refugees (Cubans, Haitians,
                    Mexicans, etc.)             --NA direction
              1017     "        "        "       --Pro
              1018     "        "        "       --Anti
              1019   School prayer--NA direction
              1020      "     "   --Pro
              1021      "     "   --Anti
              1022   Gay rights--NA direction
              1023    "    "   --Pro
              1024    "    "   --Anti
              1025   Health--NA direction
              1026     "   --Pro government programs/aid for mentally ill,
                                 disabled, handicapped
              1027     "   --Anti   "        "        "       "        "
                     (except 0923, 0924, 0925)
              1028   Space program--NA direction
              1029     "     "    --Pro
              1030     "     "    --Anti
              1031   Help to/improvement in a specific industry or
                     occupation--NA  direction
              1032      "         "         "        "           "  -- Pro
                      help/ improvement
              1033      "         "         "        "           "  -- Anti
                      help/ improvement


       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES cont'd.
       

             *1057 Spending on infrastructure (roads, bridges, etc) -- pro
             *1058   "            "            "            "       -- anti

              1035   Polarization of classes/increasing gap between rich and
                     poor--NA direction 
              1036        "           "            "          "         "
                     --will stop trend/handle better
              1037        "           "            "          "         "
                     --will accelerate trend/ handle better

              1038   Day care--NA direction
              1039    "   "  --favors/will expand or extend day care programs
              1040    "   "  --opposes/will not expand or extend (will cut or
                               eliminate) day care programs

              1050   Family/maternity leave laws -- pro
              1051     "            "            -- anti

       *1041  Located after 0973
       *1042  Located after 0978
       *1043  Located after 0948
       *1044  Located after 0948
       *1045  Located after 0948
       *1046  Located after 0928
       *1047  Located after 0919
       *1048  Located after 0919
       *1049  Located after 0919
       *1052  Located after 0919
       *1053  Located after 0919
       *1054  Located after 0928
       *1055  Located after 0933
       *1056  Located after 0933
       *1057  Located after 1033
       *1058  Located after 1033
       *1059  Located after 0961
       *1060  Located after 0961

       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES
       

        1101  General assessment of foreign ideas/policies/stands
              (unspecified)

        1102  Foreign policies more clear-cut/decisive; less bungling 
        1103  Foreign policies less clear-cut/decisive; more bungling

       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES cont'd.
                         

        1104  Internationalist/Interested in other countries'
              problems/Interested in world role/Pro-UN and allies;
              Meddling in other people's problems
              1105   Isolationist/America First/Fortress America/Would meddle
                     less in other people's problems 

       *1184  Military/Defense position/spending--NA direction or neutral
              (not 1106, 1107)

        1106   Strong military position/Preparedness/Weapons systems/ Pentagon
               spending/Overkill; SDI ("Star Wars")
        1107   Weak military position/Pentagon spending cutbacks/No
               overkill/Reduce armed forces; SDI ("Star Wars")

        1108   Cold-war oriented; opposed detente; international
               Communist-fighter
        1109   Against cold war/Wants thaw/Detente/Understanding with
               international communists (if NA whether international,
               code in 0813-0814)

        1110   Military aid to allies--NA direction
        1111      "      "       "   --Pro
        1112      "      "       "   --Anti

        1113   Economic aid/Foreign aid/AID/Non-military aid--NA
               direction
        1114      "     "     "     "     "     "     "     --Pro
        1115      "     "     "     "     "     "     "     --Anti

       *1116  Located after 1163
       *1117    "      "     "

        1118   Mideast--NA direction; any references to oil embargo; boycott
               of companies dealing with Israel; [1992] References to
               involvement in Iraqgate/arming of Saddam  Hussein
        1119      "   --handle better/more experience; positive comments
                        about Arab-Israeli peace treaty
        1120      "   --handle worse/less experience; negative comments
                        about Arab-Israeli peace treaty

        1121      "   --Pro-Israel/anti-Arabs
        1122      "   --Anti-Israel/pro-Arabs; wishy-washy on Israel

        1123   Red China--NA direction
        1124    "    "  --handle better/more experience/doing well,
                          better
        1125    "    "  --handle worse/less experience/doing poorly 
        1126    "    "  --pro understanding/thaw/detente/new
                          relationships/ recognition/admission to UN
        1127    "    "  --anti understanding/thaw/detente/new
                          relationships/ recognition/admission to UN; defender
                          of Formosa/Chaing/Nationalists

       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES cont'd.
       

              1128   Russia--NA direction
              1129     "   --handle better/more experience
              1130     "   --handle worse/less experience
              1131     "   --pro understanding/thaw/detente/broadening of
                             relations; SALT II
              1132     "   --anti understanding/thaw/detente/broadening of
                             relations; SALT II

              1133   Eastern Europe--NA direction
              1134      "      "   --handle better/more experience
              1135      "      "   --handle worse/less experience
              1136      "      "   --pro defense of Iron-Curtain countries
              1137      "      "   --anti   "           "            "

             *1301  Western Europe -- NA direction
             *1302    "      "     -- handling relations with European  
                                      Community/specific countries well
                                      (better)
             *1303    "      "            "            "  badly (worse)

              1138   Latin America--NA direction
              1139      "      "   --handle better/more experience
              1140      "      "   --handle worse/less experience
              1141      "      "   --pro-third world posture; reach
                      understanding with Castro/Chile/neutrals;
                      anti-colonialism /European powers; against Contra
                      aid/pro-Sandinista
              1142      "      "   --anti-third world posture; hard
                     anti-communism/anti-revolutionary policy;
                     pro-colonialism/ European powers; pro Contra
                     aid/anti-Sandinista
             *1198  (Involvement in) Diversion of money to the Contras (in
                    violation of the law)

              1143   Africa--NA direction
              1144      "   --handle better/more experience
              1145      "   --handle worse/less experience
              1146      "   --pro-third world posture; reach understanding
                              with leftists/neutrals; anti-colonialism/
                              European powers
              1147     "   --anti-third world posture; hard
                     anti-communism/anti-revolutionary policy;
                     pro-colonialism/European powers

              1148   Asia/India--NA direction
              1149      "    "  --handle better/more experience
              1150      "    "  --handle worse/less experience
              1151     "    "  --pro India/Bangladesh
              1152     "    "  --pro Pakistan

             *1153  Located after 1163
             *1154    "       "    "
             *1155    "       "    "
             *1156    "       "    "

       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES cont'd.
       

              1157   Vietnam/Indochina/Southeast Asia--NA direction
              1158      "       "        "        "  --better chance for peace
              1159      "       "        "        "  --poorer chance for
                                                       peace; failed to end
                                                       war
              1160      "       "        "        "  --pro military victory/
                                        preservation of Saigon regime
              1161      "       "        "        "  --anti military victory/
                                        willing to sacrifice Thieu/Ky;
                                        favoring withdrawal
             *1162  Located after 1163
              1163   Vietnam/Indochina/Southeast Asia--will bring policy
                     change  (unspecified)
             *1116  Trouble spots (not specifically coded)--would handle
                    better (Panama, Afghanistan, Persian Gulf)
             *1117     "     "       "       "       "    --would handle worse
                                           (Panama, Afghanistan, Persian Gulf)
             *1162  (88) The invasion of Grenada
             *1300  (91) The Persian Gulf war/ Desert Storm

             *1153  Would raise American prestige
             *1154  Would lower American prestige; not maintain American
                    prestige

             *1155  Would have better chance for peace (unspecified); not get
                    us into trouble abroad
             *1156  Would have poorer chance for peace (unspecified); get us
              into war/trouble abroad

              1164   Tariffs--NA direction
              1165    " --Pro free trade/reduce tariffs; would not protect US
                              labor from foreign competition
              1166    " --Anti free trade; for high tariffs; would protect US
                     labor from foreign competition
             *1196  Foreign trade/balance of payments deficit--any mention
              1167   Trade with communists--NA direction
              1168      "           "     --Pro
              1169      "           "     --Anti

              1170   Draft--NA direction
              1171     "  --Pro volunteer army/abolition of peacetime draft
              1172     "  --Anti volunteer army; for peacetime draft
              1173     "  --Pro amnesty/pardon
              1174     "  --Anti amnesty/draft dodgers/pardon
             *1178  Amnesty--NA direction

              1175   POW-MIA--Will get prisoners back, will not abandon them
              1176   POW-MIA--Will not get prisoners back, will abandon them
              1177   POW-MIA--NA direction

             *1178  Located after 1174

              1179   Did a good job of getting the boys/country out of Vietnam
                     war; got us out of Vietnam

       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES cont'd.
       

              1180   Should have won Vietnam war; gave too much away and then
                     pulled out

              1181   Secrecy/deception in U.S. foreign policy; shuttle
                     diplomacy; Kissinger's foreign policy (1976)    --NA
                     direction
              1182       "         "       "        "     --Pro
              1183       "         "       "        "     --Anti

             *1184  Located after 1105

              1185   Priorities in military/defense spending (not reduction or
                     increase but allocation of existing defense budget--Pro
              1186   Priorities in military/defense spending (not reduction or
                     increase but allocation of existing defense budget--Anti

              1187   Iranian crisis; American hostages (1980)/Arms sale (1986)
                                                      --NA direction
              1188      "      "        "        "    --has handled well/would
                                                        handle better
              1189      "      "        "        "    --has handled
                                                        poorly/would
                                                        handle worse

              1190   Nuclear freeze/Disarmament--NA direction
              1191      "      "        "      --Pro
              1192      "      "        "      --Anti
              1193   Terrorism; dealings with terrorists; hostages (except
                     1187-1189)             -- NA direction; (88) Bombing of  
                                                 Libya
              1194    "            "       "    -- has handled/would handle
                                                   better; (88) Bombing of     
  
                                                  Libya/handling of Khadafy
              1195    "            "       "    -- has handled/would handle
                                                   worse; (88) Bombing of      
  
                                                  Libya/handling of Khadafy

             *1196  Located after 1166
              1197  Other foreign policy reasons

             *1198  Located after 1142

              1199   Iran-Contra affair--NFS (NA whether 1187 or 1198)


       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GROUP CONNECTIONS
       

              1201   Special interests/Privileged people/Influential--Pro
              1202      "        "          "        "              --Anti

              1203   "People like me"--pro, NA whether 1205, 1206
              1204        "     "  "  --anti, "     "     "    "


       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GROUP CONNECTIONS cont'd.
       

              1205   Common man/People/Little people/Working people--Pro
              1206     "         "          "           "          --Anti

              1207   Labor/Unions/Labor bosses/Racketeers--Pro
              1208     "      "     "              "     --Anti

              1209   Big Business/Corporate rich/The rich individuals/People
                     with power/Wall Street/Industry/Upper classes--Pro
              1210   (Same as 1209)                          --Anti

              1211   Small businessman--Pro
              1212     "       "      --Anti

              1213   White collar workers/Salaried people/Middle class--Pro
              1214      "           "         "              "        --Anti

              1215   Farmers/Country people--Pro
              1216     "          "        --Anti

              1217   Blacks/Black people/Negroes--Pro
              1218   "       "           "  --Anti

              1219   People on welfare/ADC mothers/"Chiselers"--Pro
              1220     "          "        "           "      --Anti

              1221   Old people/Senior citizens--Pro
              1222    "     "          "       --Anti

              1223   Young people/Kids/"Freaks"/Hippies--Pro
              1224     "     "     "     "        "    --Anti

              1225   Women/Feminists/Womens Liberationists, "sexists"--Pro
              1226    "        "          "       "          "       --Anti

              1227   Veterans/Servicemen--Pro
              1228      "       "       --Anti

              1229   Ethnic or racial group (exc. 1217-1218); Minority groups
                     (NA composition--Pro
              1230      "          "        "  --Anti

              1231   Section of the country--Pro
              1232      "            "     --Anti

              1233   Poor people/needy people/the unemployed -- Pro
              1234    "    "      "      "                   -- Anti

              1235   Civil servants--Pro
              1236     "     "     --Anti

              1297  Other group connection reasons


       Ŀ
       PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GROUP CONNECTIONS cont'd.
       

             *1300  Located after 1162
             *1301  Located after 1137
             *1302  Located after 1137
             *1303  Located after 1137


       Ŀ
       EVENTS UNIQUE TO ONE CAMPAIGN        
       

              5001   [1992] Perot quit the race/is a quitter - NFS
              5002   [1992] Because Perot quit the race he is not
                     trustworthy/dependable/steadfast (enough); he let down
                     his supporters
              5003   [1992] Because Perot quit the race and then re-entered it
                     he is indecisive/inconsistent/not stable (enough);
                     mentions of
                     re-entering the race after have left it - NFS
              5004   [1992] Perot is not a serious candidate


       Ŀ
       MISSING DATA CODES
       

              9001   R has been influenced by spouse
              9002   R has been influenced by someone else

              9996   Refused to say

              9997  Other miscellaneous

              9998   DK
              9999   NA

              0000   INAP





>> 1992 CAMPAIGN POLITICAL ADVERTISMENTS

                                  - USED 1992 ONLY -



R Pays No Attention To Political Ads

001. R claims not to remember what the ads s/he saw were about - NFS (R says
     only "nothing", "very little/not much", "can't remember", "don't recall",
     etc. without further explanation or elaboration).

002. R deliberately and actively avoids watching political ads (I hit the mute
     button/change the channel; I go to the refrigerator, etc.).

003. R does watch the political ads but indicates s/he chooses to pay no
     attention to them (I don't pay much attention, they don't register on my
     mind, goes in one ear and out the other, I just laugh at them, I'm immune
     to them).


R Give General Assessment of Political Ads (No Candidate Specified)

010. Amount/frequency of ads - too many of them; they show too many in one
     evening/time period; see the same ones over and over.

011. Provide no information/serve no valuable purpose - too vague/general; not
     specific (enough); not talking about real/important issues; contain only
     rhetoric/self-serving promotion/platitudes; point out problems but offer
     no solutions.

012. Provide information/serve valuable purpose - talk about (important)
     issues/candidate's stands on issues; try to present solutions to issues;
     are enlightening; treat voters like grown-ups.

013. Dishonest/misleading - (too) deceitful; tell lies/half-truths/only the
     facts that help them; try to confuse/hide/avoid the issues; say only what
     they think the voter wants to hear.

014. Honest/straight-forward - tells the truth; presents the (real) facts/all
     the facts; tries to clarify/face the issues; they make sense.
015. Negative campaigning - (too negative); (too much) backbiting/mudslinging;
     only try to tear opponents down/make personal attacks on opponent.

016. Positive campaigning - doesn't make personal attacks on opponent; talk
     about the candidate/why the candidate should be elected.

017. Had negative effect on R - made R angry/disgusted; destroyed R's interest
     in politics/the election; R finds them boring; R is tired of seeing them.



018. Had positive effect on R - helped R understand the candidate/issues;
     helped R decide who to vote for.

028. Other positive general assessment of political ads (no candidate
     specified)

029. Other negative general assessment of political ads (no candidate
     specified)


R Gives General Assessment of Bush Political Ads

030. Amount/frequency of Bush ads - too many of them; they show too many in
     one evening/time period; see the same ones over and over.

031. Bush ads provide no information/serve no valuable purpose - too
     vague/general; not specific (enough); not talking about real/important
     issues; contain only rhetoric/self-serving promotion/platitudes; point
     out problems but offer no solutions.

032. Bush ads provide information/serve valuable purpose - talk about
     (important) issues/candidate's stands on issues; try to present solutions
     to issues; are enlightening; treat voters like grown-ups.

033. Bush ads dishonest/misleading - (too) deceitful; tell
     lies/half-truths/only
     the facts that help them; try to confuse/hide/avoid the issues; say only
     what they think the voter wants to hear.

034. Bush ads honest/straight-forward - tells the truth; presents the (real)
     facts/all the facts; tries to clarify/face the issues; they make sense.

035. Negative campaigning by Bush - (too negative); (too much)
     backbiting/mudslinging; only try to tear opponents down/make personal
     attacks on opponent.

036. Positive campaigning by Bush - doesn't make personal attacks on opponent;
     talk about the candidate/why the candidate should be elected.

037. Bush ads had negative effect on R - made R angry/disgusted; destroyed R's
     interest in politics/the election; R finds them boring; R is tired of
     seeing them.

038. Bush ads had positive effect on R - helped R understand the
     candidate/issues; helped R decide who to vote for.

039. R refuses to listen to/watch Bush ads specifically

048. Other positive general assessment of Bush political ads

049. Other negative general assessment of Bush political ads

R Gives General Assessment of Clinton Political Ads

050. Amount/frequency of Clinton ads - too many of them; they show too many in
     one evening/time period; see the same ones over and over.

051. Clinton ads provide no information/serve no valuable purpose - too
     vague/general; not specific (enough); not talking about real/important
     issues; contain only rhetoric/self-serving promotion/platitudes; point
     out problems but offer no solutions.

052. Clinton ads provide information/serve valuable purpose - talk about
     (important) issues/candidate's stands on issues; try to present solutions
     to issues; are enlightening; treat voters like grown-ups.

053. Clinton ads dishonest/misleading - (too) deceitful; tell
     lies/half-truths/only the facts that help them; try to confuse/hide/avoid
     the issues; say only what they think the voter wants to hear.

054. Clinton ads honest/straight-forward - tells the truth; presents the
    (real) facts/all the facts; tries to clarify/face the issues; they make
     sense.

055. Negative campaigning by Clinton - (too negative); (too much)
     backbiting/mudslinging; only try to tear opponents down/make personal
     attacks on opponent.

056. Positive campaigning by Clinton - doesn't make personal attacks on
     opponent; talk about the candidate/why the candidate should be elected.

057. Clinton ads had negative effect on R - made R angry/disgusted; destroyed
     R's interest in politics/the election; R finds them boring; R is tired of
     seeing them.

058. Clinton ads had positive effect on R - helped R understand the
     candidate/issues; helped R decide who to vote for.

059. R refuses to listen to/watch Clinton ads specifically

068. Other positive general assessment of Clinton political ads

069. Other negative general assessment of Clinton political ads


R Gives General Assessment of Perot Political Ads

070. Amount/frequency of Perot ads - too many of them; they show too many in
     one evening/time period; see the same ones over and over.

071. Perot ads provide no information/serve no valuable purpose - too
     vague/general; not specific (enough); not talking about real/important
     issues; contain only rhetoric/self-serving promotion/platitudes; point
     out problems but offer no solutions.

072. Perot ads provide information/serve valuable purpose - talk about
     (important) issues/candidate's stands on issues; try to present solutions
     to issues; are enlightening; treat voters like grown-ups.


073. Perot ads dishonest/misleading - (too) deceitful; tell
     lies/half-truths/only the facts that help them; try to confuse/hide/avoid
     the issues; say only what they think the voter wants to hear.

074. Perot ads honest/straight-forward - tells the truth; presents the (real)
     facts/all the facts; tries to clarify/face the issues; they make sense.

075. Negative campaigning by Perot - (too negative); (too much)
     backbiting/mudslinging; only try to tear opponents down/make personal
     attacks on opponent.

076. Positive campaigning by Perot - doesn't make personal attacks on
     opponent; talk about the candidate/why the candidate should be elected.

077. Perot ads had negative effect on R - made R angry/disgusted; destroyed
     R's interest in politics/the election; R finds them boring; R is tired of
     seeing them.

078. Perot ads had positive effect on R - helped R understand the
     candidate/issues; helped R decide who to vote for.

079. R refuses to listen to/watch Perot ads specifically

088. Other positive general assessment of Perot political ads

089. Other negative general assessment of Perot political ads


R Identifies Specific Bush Political Ads

130. Bush ad - no other details given.
131. Bush ad - no content given, but production details remembered (e.g.,
               closeup of face, sitting on edge of desk, it was green).
132. Bush ad - "Two Faces of Clinton"/Time magazine cover highlighting two
               faces.
133. Bush ad - computer ad.
134. Bush ad - on Bush's record in general.
135. Bush ad - attacking Clinton's record in Arkansas.
136. Bush ad - on Clinton's draft record/anti-American activities.
137. Bush ad - about taxes; saying Bush won't raise taxes (again).
138. Bush ad - about Bush's economic plan/promises for the economy.
139. Bush ad - Florida relief; giving food to poor countries; Bush portrayed
               as a caring person.
140. Bush ad - family values; families coming together; Bush portrayed as a
               family man.
141. Bush ad - foreign policy accomplishments of the Bush administration; Bush
               shown as commander-in-chief.
142. Bush ad - needs four more years to finish the job.
143. Bush ad - clips from the Republican convention.
144. Bush ad - average people questioning Clinton's willingness and ability to
               keep his promised.
149. Bush ad - other


R Identifies Specific Clinton Political Ads

150. Clinton ad - no other details given.
151. Clinton ad - no content given, but production details remembered (e.g.,
                  closeup of face, waving to crowd, flag in background).
152. Clinton ad - attacking Bush's broken promise not to raise taxes; "read my
                  lips -- no new taxes".
153. Clinton ad - attacking Bush's handling of the economy; "we can't afford
                  four more years".
154. Clinton ad - about creating jobs/putting people back to work.
155. Clinton ad - about the need for change; about rebuilding America/putting
                  American on the right course.
156. Clinton ad - defending Clinton's record in Arkansas/record on taxes as
                  governor.
157. Clinton ad - reforming welfare.
158. Clinton ad - showing working people.
159. Clinton ad - defending Clinton's draft record.
160. Clinton ad - giving address to write to for Clinton's economic plan;
                  experts endorsing Clinton's economic plan.
169. Clinton ad - other


R Identifies Specific Perot Political Ads

170. Perot ad - no other details given.
171. Perot ad - no content given, but production details remembered (e.g.,
                sitting behind a desk, scroll with writing, 30 minutes long).
172. Perot ad - used a lot of charts and graphs.
173. Perot ad - describing in general terms problems with the economy/the
                deficit.
174. Perot ad - detailed how the deficit would affect future generations.
175. Perot ad - plans/promises to solve America's problems.
176. Perot ad - Purple Heart ad
189. Perot ad - other


R Identifies A Specific Event That Was Not A Presidential Political Ad

190. Other - R describes a new event that clearly was not part of a political
     ad (e.g., Quayle talking about Murphy Brown; Mary Matalin talking about
     Hillary Clinton).
191. Other - R describes a political ad, but one for a congressional, state or
     local candidate or one concerning a controversial issue (e.g., abortion,
     gay rights, etc.).

Miscellaneous

997. Other, miscellaneous
998. DK (except 001-003)
999. NA
000. INAP



>> NATIONALITY CODE, 1990-1992

                                 - USED 1990, 1992 -

WESTERN HEMISPHERE

     North America

          01.  American
               Indian,
               tribal
               mentions
          02.  Canadian; not specified as French-Canadian (03)
          03.  Canadian, of French origin
          04.  Mexican
               (excluding
               explicit
               mention
               of
               "Chicano",
               "Mexican-American")
          05.  Central American

     West Indies

          07.  Barbados
          08.  Cuban
          09.  Dominican Republic
          10.  Haitian
          11.  Jamaican
          12.  Puerto Rican
          13.  West
               Indian--not from
               one of
               the
               above
               countries
          14.  West Indian--NA which country

     South America

          16.  South American--any country



EUROPE

     British Isles

          18.  English British
          19.  Irish (not specified as from Northern Ireland, Ulster--22)
          20.  Scottish
          21.  Welsh
          22.  From Northern Ireland (Ulster)
          23.  Scot-Irish
          24.  From
               British
               Isles;
               from two
               or more
               countries of the
               British
               Isles

     Western Europe

          26.  Austrian
          27.  Belgian
          28.  French
          29.  German; also Pennsylvania Dutch
          30.  Luxembourg
          31.  Netherlands, Holland; Dutch
          32.  Swiss
          33.  From
               Western
               Europe;
               two or
               more
               countries of
               Western
               Europe

     Scandinavia

          35.  Danish
          36.  Finn, Finnish
          37.  Norwegian
          38.  Swedish
          39.  Icelander
          40.  Scandinavian;
               reference to two
               or more
               Scandinavian
               countries 
               --------------------
          41.  REFERENCE TO TWO
               OR MORE
               COUNTRIES FROM
               COMBINATION OF
               THE
               FOLLOWING AREAS: 
               BRITISH
               ISLES,
               WESTERN
               EUROPE,
               SCANDINAVIA,
               MEDITERRANEAN
               COUNTRIES,
               GREECE

     Eastern Europe

          43.  Czechoslovakian, Slavic
          44.  Estonian
          45.  Hungarian
          46.  Latvian
          47.  Lithuanian
          48.  Polish
          49.  Russian; from U.S.S.R.
          50.  Ukrainian
          51.  Eastern
               Europe;
               reference to two
               or more
               countries of
               Eastern
               Europe

     Balkan Countries

          53.  Albanian
          54.  Bulgarian
          55.  Greek
          56.  Rumanian
          57.  Yugoslavian
          58.  Mention
               of two
               or more
               Balkan
               Countries

     Mediterranean Countries

          60.  Italian
          61.  Portugese
          62.  Spanish
          63.  Maltese
               --------------------
          64.  EUROPEAN;
               GENERAL
               MENTION
               OF
               EUROPE;
               REFERENCE TO TWO
               OR MORE
               EUROPEAN
               COUNTRIES OF
               EUROPE
               NOT
               CODEABLE
               ABOVE


ASIA  (except Near East)

          65.  Pakistani
          66.  Afghan
          67.  Indian (not American Indian, code 01)
          68.  Southeast Asia--from
               Indochina,
               Thailand,
               Malaya,
               Burma,
               Philippines,
               Indonesia
          69.  Chinese
          70.  Japanese; Japanese American
          71.  Korean



NEAR EAST

          73.  Egyptian
          74.  Iranian, Persian
          75.  Iraqi
          76.  Israeli
          77.  Jordanian
          78.  Lebanese
          79.  Arab, Arabian, Saudi Arabian
          80.  Syrian
          81.  Turk, Turkish
          82.  Armenian



AFRICA

          83.  African;
               from any
               African
               country
               excluding only
               Egypt
               (U.A.R.); South
               African
               (formerly 90)



OCEANIA

          85.  Australian, New Zealander, Tasmanian



ETHNIC GROUPS

          86.  White, Caucasian
          87.  Black; Negro; American Black; African American
          88.  Chicano; Mexican-American; Hispanic; Latin American


OTHER, MISCELLANEOUS

          90.  NEITHER (Y43b only, 1990 and 1992)
          91.  Catholic
          92.  Protestant
          93.  Jewish
          94.  Mormon
          95.  Other religious groups

          97.     Other group; combinations not codeable above

          98.  DK
          99.  NA; NONE; "AMERICAN" (1990)
               NA (1992)



>> CAMPAIGN ISSUES CODE, 1990-1992

                                 - USED 1990, 1992 -

     001. "Domestic issues"

     006. Child care; DAY CARE; child support

     045. ABORTION; any reference                   

     010. UNEMPLOYMENT, jobs, retraining -- general or national

     011. Unemployment, lack of jobs in specific area/region/ state/industry  

     012. More help for the unemployed

     020. EDUCATION -- any mention, including quality of schools, cost of
          college, students not learning anything

     030. AGED/ELDERLY -- any mention, including Social Security, Medicare,
          eldercare.

     040. HEALTH PROBLEMS -- quality of medical care, cost of medical care,
          availability of medical care, catastrophic health insurance (except
          AIDS, code 048)

     048. AIDS

     050. HOUSING -- providing housing for the poor, the homeless, young
          people can't buy homes, any mention.

     055. INFRASTRUCTURE -- Build/maintain roads, bridges, railroads, mass
          transit systems; transportation - NFS

     060. POVERTY; aid to poor, underprivileged people; help for the (truly)
          needy; general reference to anti-poverty programs; hunger/help for
          hungry people 

     090. SOCIAL WELFARE; "Welfare"; the welfare mess, too many undeserving
          on welfare 

     099. OTHER SPECIFIC MENTIONS OF DOMESTIC ISSUES

     100. Problems of the FARMERS; farm bankruptcies, poor prices for crops,
          effects of the drought

     150. Protecting the ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION, the ozone layer, the
          greenhouse effect.

     151. Controlling/REGULATING GROWTH or land development; banning further
          growth/development in crowded or ecologically sensitive areas;
          preverving natural areas

     154. TOXIC WASTE, RADIOACTIVE WASTE

     160. Need to develop ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

     199. Other specific mentions of AGRICULTURE or ENVIRONMENT problems

     300. CIVIL RIGHTS/RACIAL PROBLEMS; affirmative action programs;
          relations between blacks and whites

     310. WOMEN'S ISSUES -- ERA, equal pay for equal work, maternity leave
          (except day care, code 006)

     320. DRUGS -- extent of drug use in U.S; "WAR ON DRUGS"; drugs--NFS;
          ALCOHOLISM, any mention

     321. DRUGS -- stopping drugs from coming into this country

     340. CRIME/VIOLENCE; streets aren't safe; respect for police; releasing
          criminals early; not enough jails; death penalty

     367. GUN CONTROL - all mentions

     370. EXTREMIST GROUPS/TERRORISTS

     380. General mention of MORALITY/TRADITIONAL VALUES; sex, bad language,
          pornography, teenage pregnancy

     381. Specific mention of FAMILY VALUES -- latchkey children, divorce;
          unwed mothers, working mothers

     382. Homosexual/gay rights; gays in the military [code 048 for mentions
          of AIDS)

     384. RELIGION (too mixed up in) and politics; prayer in schools

      399.     OTHER MENTION of race, public order, morality

     400. INFLATION, high prices, cost of living

     405. WAGES TOO LOW; minimum wage

     408. Recession/Depression in specific industries, states or regions --
          slump in OIL/STEEL/AUTO INDUSTRY, etc. (except farm, code 101);
          hard times in this REGION or area

     410. RECESSION; DEPRESSION, hard times -- no specific locale or industry

     415. THE DEFICIT; BALANCING THE BUDGET; cutting government spending   

     416. TAXES -- any reference; tax reform

     425. TOO MANY IMPORTS -- protectionism, competition, outsourcing,
          problems of auto industry relating to foreign competition; U.S.
          makes (too) few exports; (high) tariffs imposed by other nations;
          free trade; GATT

     427. VALUE OF THE DOLLAR -- strengthening or weakening

     428. STOCK MARKETS; investments; interest rates

     440. CLASS ORIENTED ECONOMIC CONCERNS -- middle class getting squeezed;
          big business too powerful

     453. Solvency/stability/regulation/control of the nation's FINANCIAL
          INSTITUTIONS.  [1990] Savings and Loan scandals

     460. IMMIGRATION

     491. ECONOMICS, THE ECONOMY

     493. BALANCE OF TRADE; balance of payments; foreign oil dependency
          (except supply of oil, see 524)

     499. OTHER MENTION of economic, business or labor problems

     500. FOREIGN POLICY; FOREIGN AFFAIRS

     514. LATIN AMERICA, Central America, AID TO CONTRAS    (reference to
                                                            IRAN-CONTRA
                                                            coded
                                                            816)
     516. AFRICA -- starving people, overpopulation

     517. SOUTH AFRICA -- Apartheid

     524. MIDDLE EAST -- Iran hostages, Persian Gulf, supply of mid-east oil
          (except oil dependency, see 493)

     530. RUSSIA -- relations with, arms talks, detente; summit, etc.

     540. FIRMNESS in foreign policy

     550. U.S. military involvement abroad 

     560. FOREIGN AID; amount of money given to foreign countries; obligation
          to take care of our problems at home first

     570. AVOID WAR, establish PEACE -- any reference

     700. DEFENSE (SPENDING);  the military; quality/cost of weapons

     710. NUCLEAR ARMS RACE -- disarmament, SALT, INF, threat of nuclear war;
          arms control

     712. STAR WARS

     714. SPACE PROGRAM


     810. Honesty, sincerity of government officials; corruption

     811. Honesty, sincerity of candidates in general; e.g., "just making
          promises," "saying whatever it takes to get elected" 

     812. Candidates are just talking (negatively) about each other, MUD
          SLINGING.

     813. How well incumbent represents/candidate would REPRESENT THIS
          DISTRICT

     814. Congressperson's personal life/morality

     815. Candidate's ABILITY/EXPERIENCE

     816. Candidate's (voting) RECORD

     817. PRESIDENT BUSH

     818. BUSH and the IRAN-CONTRA affair

     819. IRAN-CONTRA affair, mess, scandal, IRAN ARMS DEAL, without 
          reference to Bush

     850. Which party will control the House of Representatives; other
          partisan mentions

     851. Need for change/new blood/fresh ideas in Congress; term limits for
          members of Congress

     876. PHILOSOPHICAL DIFFERENCES between the candidates - liberal vs.
          conservative views; balance of authority between state and federal
          government; etc. 


     900. A local issue or concern --  the college, the dam, the
          auto-insurance initiative, the leak in our nuclear plant

     991.     OTHER SPECIFIC MENTIONS OF CAMPAIGN ISSUES (1992)

     995. "THERE WERE NO ISSUES" (except 996), JUST PARTY POLITICS (1990)
     996. "THERE WAS NO CAMPAIGN IN MY DISTRICT" (1990) /   INAP
                                                            (1992)

     997. OTHER SPECIFIC MENTIONS OF CAMPAIGN ISSUES (1990)

     998. DK
     999. NA



>> MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEMS CODE, 1990-1992

                       - USED 1990, 1991, 1992 -


   Asterisks mark codes which are NOT in numerical sequence.

SOCIAL WELFARE

   001. General reference to domestic issues; rapairing/maintaining the
        nation's infrastructure (roads, bridges, dams, etc)

   005. POPULATION; any mention of population increase; reference to
        over-population/birth control

   006. DAY CARE; child care

   010. UNEMPLOYMENT; the number of people with jobs; unemployment
        rate/compensation; job retraining

   013. CREATE JOBS/RECRUIT INDUSTRY in specific area/region/state

   020. EDUCATION; financial assistance for schools/colleges/students;
        quality of education/the learning environment/teaching

   030. AGED/ELDERLY; social security benefits; administration of social
        security; medical care for the aged; medicare benefits; insuring
        against catastrophic illness

   035. Social Security won't be around in the future; paying into a system
        which won't benefit me/them

   040. HEALTH PROBLEMS/COST OF MEDICAL CARE; quality of medical care;
        medical research/training of doctors and other health personnel;
        hospitals; National Health insurance program

  *045.   Located after 330
  *046.   Located after 381

   048. Other specific references to health problems; AIDS

   050. HOUSING; providing housing for the poor/homeless; ability of young
        people to afford to buy homes/find homes to buy

   060. POVERTY; aid to the poor/underprivileged people; help for the
        (truly) needy; welfare programs (such as ADC); general reference to
        anti-poverty programs; hunger/help for hungry people in the U.S.

   090. SOCIAL WELFARE PROBLEMS; "welfare"--NFS

   091. For general or other social welfare programs; "we need to help
        people more"

   092. Against general or other social welfare programs; "too many give
        away programs for the people who don't deserve it"

   099. Other specific mentions of social welfare problems



AGRICULTURE

   100. FARM ECONOMICS; payment for crops/price of feed/cost of farming

   103. SUBSIDIES/crop payments/government aid to farmers

   120. WORLD FOOD PROBLEMS; food shortages/starvation/famine (not 406 or
        407)


NATURAL RESOURCES

   150. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; conservation, ecology;
        protecting the environment/endangered species

   151. Controlling/REGULATING GROWTH or land development; banning further
        growth/development in crowded or ecologically sensitive areas;
        preserving natural areas

   153. POLLUTION; clean air/water

   154. Disposal of RADIOACTIVE/TOXIC waste (dumps, landfills)

   160. DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES /ENERGY SOURCES;  harbors, dams,
        canals, irrigation, flood control, navigation, reclamation;
        location, mining, stock-piling of minerals; water power, atomic
        power; development of alternative sources of energy (includes
        mentions of solar or nuclear power)

   Agriculture OR Natural Resources:

   199.   OTHER SPECIFIC MENTIONS OF AGRICULTURE OR NATURAL RESOURCES
          PROBLEMS


LABOR:  UNION-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS

   200. LABOR/UNION PROBLEMS; union practices; job security provided
        workers; job safety issues; working conditions

   220. Anti-union; unions too powerful

   299.   Other specific mention of labor or union-management problems

RACIAL

   300. CIVIL RIGHTS/RACIAL PROBLEMS; programs to enable Blacks to gain
        social/economic/educational/political equality; relations between
        Blacks and whites

   302. PROTECTION (expansion) OF WHITE MAJORITY; maintenance of
        segregation; right to choose own neighborhood; right to
        discriminate in employment

   304. Discrimination against whites; preferred treatment given to
        minorities


PUBLIC ORDER

   320. NARCOTICS; availability of drugs; extent of drug/alcohol addiction
        in the U.S.; interdiction of drugs coming to the U.S. from foreign
        countries; alcohol or drug related crime

   330. WOMEN'S RIGHTS; ref. to women's issues; economic equality for
        women; ERA

  *045. PRO-ABORTION; pro-choice; the right of a woman to control her body

   340. CRIME/VIOLENCE; too much crime; streets aren't safe; mugging,
        murder, shoplifting; drug related crime

   360. LAW AND ORDER; respect for the law/police; support for the police;
        death penalty; tougher sentences for criminals; need for more
        prisons

   367. Against unregistered ownership of guns; legislative control of
        guns; "CONTROL OF GUNS"-NFS

   368. For gun ownership; right to have guns; against gun control

   370. EXTREMIST GROUPS/TERRORISTS; terrorist bombings/hostage-taking;
        political subversives; revolutionary ideas/approaches

   380. General mention of MORAL/RELIGIOUS DECAY (of nation); sex, bad
        language, adult themes on TV

   381. Family problems--divorce; proper treatment of children; decay of
        family (except 006); child/elder abuse (incl. sexual)

  *046. ANTI-ABORTION; pro-life; "abortion"--NFS

   383. Problems of/with YOUNG PEOPLE; drug/alcohol abuse amoung young
        people; sexual attitudes; lack of values/discipline; mixed-up
        thinking; lack of goals/ambition/sense of responsibility

   384. Religion (too) mixed up in politics; prayer in school

   385. HOMOSEXUALITY; protecting civil rights of gays and lesbians;
        accepting the lifestyle of homosexuals; granting homosexual couples
        the same rights and benefits as heterosexual couples

   Racial OR Public Order OR Other Domestic:

   399. OTHER SPECIFIC MENTION OF RACIAL OR PUBLIC ORDER PROBLEMS; OTHER
        MENTION OF DOMESTIC ISSUES ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS

   400. INFLATION; rate of inflation; level of prices; cost of living

   401. WAGE AND PRICE CONTROLS/GUIDELINES; freezing prices; control of
        business profits

   403. High price of food, all mentions (exc. 100)

   404. High price of other specific items and services

   405. MINIMUM WAGE, any mention; any mention of wage levels

   407. Food shortages; economic aspects of food shortages, e.g., price of
        sugar (other references, code 120)

   408. Fuel shortages; "energy crisis"; oil companies making excessive
        profits; depressed condition of the oil industry 

   410. RECESSION, DEPRESSION; prosperity of the nation; economic growth;
        GNP

   411. MONETARY RESTRAINTS/CONTROLS; level of interest rates; availability
        of money/the money supply

   415. Against (increased) government spending; balancing of the
        (national) budget; against government stimulation of the economy;
        the size of the budget deficit

   416. TAXES; general reference to tax structure; tax surcharge (NA R's
        direction); tax reform; other specific tax reference

   417. For tax cuts; against tax surcharge; for tax reform

   418. Against tax cuts; for tax surcharge; against tax reform

   424. PRODUCTIVITY of American industry; "giving a day's work for a day's
        pay"; revitalizing American industry

   425. STOCK MARKET/GOLD PRICES; all references to gold prices, stock
        brokers, stock fluctuations, etc.

   427. VALUE OF THE DOLLAR; strength/weakness of the dollar against other
        currencies

   433. Large businesses taking over small businesses

   440. Class oriented economic concerns--middle class, working class
        (pro); MIDDLE CLASS GETTING SQUEEZED

   441. Class oriented economic concerns--big business, monied interests
        (anti) too powerful

   442. Concern for inequitable distribution of wealth; gap between the
        rich and the poor; concentration of wealth in the hands of a few

   451. For the regulation of interstate commerce, transportation, air
        travel, railways, government auto safety regulations; in favor of
        increased government regulation of business; mention of problems
        caused by deregulation 

   452. Against (increased) regulation of interstate commerce,
        transportation; AIR TRAVEL, RAILWAYS, etc.

   453. Solvency/stability/regulation/control of the nation's FINANCIAL
        INSTITUTIONS.  [1990] Savings and Loan scandal

   460. IMMIGRATION POLICY; establishing limits on how many people from any
        one nation can enter the U.S.; prohibiting specified types of
        persons from entering the U.S.  

   463. Problems relating to the influx of political/economic refugees
        (Cubans, Haitians, Mexicans, etc.)

   491. Economics--general; "Economics"--NFS

   492. International economics--general

   493. U.S. foreign trade, balance of payments position; foreign oil
        dependency

   494. Control of FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN U.S.; mention of foreigners buying
        U.S. assets (businesses, real estate, stocks, etc)

   495. PROTECTION OF U.S. INDUSTRIES; imposition of tariffs/reciprocal
        restrictions on foreign imports; limitation of foreign imports;
        mention of problems in specific industries competin with foreign
        manufacturers

   496. The economy--not further specified (code specific mention if R
        clarifies by saying "inflation", etc.; also see 400)

   497. International competitiveness; outsourcing; loss of jobs to foreign
        competition; moving jobs abroad; modernizing
        plants/equipment/management techniques to meet foreign competition;
        matching the quality of foreign goods 

   498. Mention of "twin problems" of a large national debt/budget deficit
        and unfavorable balance of trade/import-export ratio

      499.   Other specific mention economic or business problems


FOREIGN AFFAIRS

   500. FOREIGN RELATIONS/FOREIGN AFFAIRS; foreign policy/relations,
        prestige abroad

   504. Relations with the Third World (no specific country or region
        mentioned)

   505. Relations with WESTERN EUROPE; Great Britain, France, Germany; our
        allies

   510. VIETNAM; general reference to "the war," Indochina, Cambodia; aid

   514. Latin America, South America--any references; reference to
        war/situation in Nicaragua; U.S. support of the Contras

   515. Iran; mention of American hostages in Teheran; arms deal 

   516. African countries; developing areas in Africa (not 518)--any
        mention; U.S. response to apartheid in South Africa

   519. Other specific countries/areas/trouble spots (exc. 520's, 530's)

   524. MIDDLE EAST-- support or aid to Israel/Arab states; Arab/Israeli
        conflict; Iran-Iraq war; hostages in Lebanon/Middle East. [1990]
        Iraqi aggression in the Persian Gulf 

   530. RUSSIA/Eastern Europe; relations with Russia/the Communist bloc;
        detente/trade/negotiations with Russia -- NA whether 531 or 532

   531. For PEACEFUL RELATIONS with Russia/Detente/Eastern Europe; for
        increased TRADE with Russia; talking/resuming negotiations with
        Russia on arms control/reduction (reaching/concluding a treaty is
        711)

   532. Against policy of Detente with Russia; COLD WAR; threat of external
        Communism; need to oppose/be wary of Russia 

   533. Prevention of Russian (Communist) expansion; mention of Soviet
        invasion and occupation of Afghanistan-- any reference; references
        to Soviet activity in Central America/Nicaragua)

   539. Other specific references to Russia/Detente/Eastern Europe, etc.
        (including changing site/boycotting 1980 Moscow Olympics); threat
        of/preventing war with Russia (exc. 714)

   540. FIRMNESS IN FOREIGN POLICY; maintenance of position of
        MILITARY/DIPLOMATIC STRENGTH (not 710-712)

   550. U.S. FOREIGN (MILITARY) INVOLVEMENT/COMMITMENT, extent of U.S.
        Foreign involvement; military assistance/aid (exc. 524)

   560. U.S. FOREIGN (ECONOMIC) INVOLVEMENT/COMMITMENTS; extent of U.S.
        (foreign) economic aid; "foreign aid"

   570. Prevention of war; ESTABLISHMENT OF PEACE; any reference

   585. Obligation to TAKE CARE OF PROBLEMS AT HOME before helping foreign
        countries

   599.   Other specific mention of foreign affairs problems

NATIONAL DEFENSE

   700. NATIONAL DEFENSE; defense budget; level of spending on defense

   710. DISARMAMENT; general reference to ENDING OF THE ARMS RACE; nuclear
        proliferation; test ban treaty (not 540); SALT; INF treaty

   711. For DISARMAMENT; for extension of test ban treaty; support toward
        ending of arms race; against (additional) expenditures on
        military/arms development; SALT; SDI ("Star Wars"); INF treaty

   712. Against (increased) policy of DISARMAMENT; against test ban treaty;
        for additional WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT; missile program;
        scientific/technological development in weapons/strategy; atomic
        bomb testing; increased DEFENSE BUDGET, increased arms expenditure
        (not 540); SALT; increased pay for military personnel; SDI ("Star
        Wars"); INF treaty

   713. General or specific references to functioning and performance of
        defense; waste, inefficiency (not codable in 710-712)

   714. Nuclear war; the threat of nuclear war; nuclear proliferation

   740. The space program; space race (not 711,712)

   750. MORALE OF NATION; Patriotism; National spirit; national unity;
        greed, selfishness of people

   760. BENEFITS FOR VETERANS; general reference

   765. Allowing/accepting GAYS IN THE MILITARY

   799. Other specific mention of national defense problems



ISSUES RELATING TO THE FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT

   800. POWER OF THE (FEDERAL) GOVERNMENT; power of/control exercised by
        the federal government 

   810. (LACK OF) HONESTY IN GOVERNMENT; (LACK OF) ETHICS IN
        GOVERNMENT--general reference (exc. 811)

   811. LACK OF PERSONAL ETHICS/morality of persons related to or part of
        government

   820. CAMPAIGN DONATIONS/PUBLIC FINANCING OF ELECTIONS; any mentions

   830. CONFIDENCE/TRUST in political leaders/system; wisdom, ability,
        responsiveness of political leaders; quality of leadership provided
        by political leaders

   833. QUALITY/EFFICIENCY of public employees, diplomats, civil service;
        SIZE OF THE GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY; COST OF GOVERNMENT

   836. COMPENSATION; all references to the compensation of government
        employees, officials, congressmen, judges, local politicians/ 
        bureaucrats

   837. Waste in government spending; keeping tabs on where money goes

   838. Government BUDGET PRIORITIES are wrong; Congress/President is
        spending money in the wrong areas/not spending money on the right
        things

   840. SIZE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT; the (large) size of government/civil
        service/bureaucracy; the number of government
        departments/employees/programs

   853. POWER OF CONGRESS--general reference

   856. POWER OF THE SUPREME COURT, all other references to the Supreme
        Court except 857, 858

   859. Other specific references to the (federal) balance of power;
        legislative gridlock in Washington

   862. FAIR ELECTION PROCEDURES; prevention of vote manipulation; curbing
        of political "bosses", smear campaigns

   869. Other specific references to problems of representation; term
        limitations for members of Congress

   874. Lack of support for the President; any anti-President comments,
        negative reference to the PRESIDENT's quality, style, etc.

   878. Mention of a specific CANDIDATE or relative of a candidate -- NFS 

   881. New president/administration geetting started; other references
        specific to the President

   885. PUBLIC APATHY/disinterest--all references

   887. Extending/protecting EQUAL RIGHTS, basic freedoms, human rights of
        all citizens

   899. Other specific mention of problems relating to the functioning of
        government 


OTHER

   995. "THERE WERE NO ISSUES"; "There were no issues, just party politics
        (1990, 1991)
   996. "THERE WAS NO CAMPAIGN in my district" (1990, 1991)   

   997. Other specific mentions of important problems

   998. DK
   999. NA

   000. INAP, no further mention, no problems (1990, 1991)
        INAP (1992) 





>> PARTY DIFFERENCES CODE, 1990-1992

                       - USED 1990, 1991, 1992 -


BROAD PHILOSOPHY

            - LIBERAL RESPONSES

    001.   More liberal, progressive--too far left
    010.   Acceptance of change/new ideas; less bound to status quo;
           more open to new ideas; new ways of doing things
    020.   Quick (rash) response to problems; tackle problems quickly;
           impetuous; impulsive; too aggressive; take more chances; not
           cautious enough
    030.   More extreme, radical (NFS)
    040.   Socialistic; for welfare state; for social welfare programs;
           sensitive
           to social problems; leaves less to (interferes more with) private
           enterprise
    050.   Depends (too much) on federal government (rather than state or
           local government); (too) centralized, paternalism; want Washington
           to do everything
    060.   Destroy personal initiative/individual responsibility/individual
           dignity; recognize individual needs government help
    070.   Future-oriented; plan ahead; look to the future
    085.   Freedom to do as one chooses; less interested in strict control of
           social behavior; not interested in moral standards
    086.   Not religious

    090.   Other broad philosophy--liberal


BROAD PHILOSOPHY  (continued)

            - CONSERVATIVE RESPONSES

    100.   More conservative/reactionary; too far right
    110.   Resistance to change/new ideas; stick to (protect) status quo;
           traditionalists; resist new ways of doing things; rigid
    120.   Slow (cautious) response to problems; do-nothing; lets things go
    130.   Moderate; middle of road (NFS); less extreme
    140.   For free enterprise capitalism; against socialism (code "help big
           business" under group references); unaware of social problems; for
           development of private enterprise; against expansion of government
           activities into areas of private enterprise
    150.   For states' rights, local government; less interference from
           Washington at local level; against powerful federal government
    160.   Initiative/responsibility/dignity of individual protected
    170.   Not future-oriented; don't plan ahead; don't worry about the future
    185.   Definite moral standards/stands; concern for/control of public
           morality; upholds/fosters family values
    186.   (Good) Christian; strong religious beliefs

    190.   Other broad philosophy--conservative

GROUP REFERENCES

            - PARTY SEEN AS GOOD FOR, HELPING, GIVING SPECIAL ADVANTAGE TO:

    200.   Everybody; nobody; no catering to special interests, "people" (the
           majority)
    210.   Working or little people; the common (poor, lowly) people, the
           working class; "average man"
    212.   People like me; people like us
    220.   Unions, "labor", labor leaders
    230.   Big business; industry, "business(men)", Wall Street (except small
           businessman, code 240); agribusiness/large farming businesses
    231.   Rich people; upper classes; wealthy (powerful) people
    240.   Small businessmen
    250.   Middle class people; white collar people
    260.   Farmers
    270.   Blacks
    280.   Other racial and ethnic groups
    281.   The South, some portion of the south
    282.   The North, some portion of the north
    283.   White people, white people only
    284.   Minorities, minority groups (NA which)
    285.   Old people
    286.   The educated, intellectuals, students
    290.   Other groups

            - GENERAL PARTY DIFFERENCES FOR GROUPS:

   299.    Group differences codeable in 200 or 300 series--NA which

GROUP REFERENCES  (continued)

            - PARTY SEEN AS BAD FOR, ANTI, KEEPING IN CHECK, PUTTING IN PLACE:

    300.   Divisive (sets class against class, caters to special interests (NA
           what), plays group politics, not for all the people; (Dems/Reps)
           only for themselves
    310.   Working or little people; the common (poor, lowly) people, the
           working class; "average man"
    312.   People like me; people like us
    320.   Unions, "labor", labor leaders
    330.   Big business; industry, "business(men)", Wall Street (except small
           businessman, code 340)
    331.   Rich people; upper classes; wealthy (powerful) people)
    340.   Small businessmen
    350.   Middle class people; white collar people
    360.   Farmers
    370.   Blacks
    371.   Racist, prejudiced, bigoted
    380.   Other racial and ethnic groups; "minority groups" other or not
           specified
    381.       The South, some portion of the south
    382.   The North, some portion of the north
    383.   White people, white people only
    384.   Minorities, minority groups (NA which)
    385.   Old people
    386.   The educated, intellectuals, students
    390.   Other groups

DOMESTIC POLICY REFERENCES

            - FISCAL POLICY--EASY SPENDING RESPONSES

    400.   Spend more freely/high spenders (NFS)
    401.   Spend much relative to what is accomplished; wasteful, not careful
           with spending
    402.   Spend much relative to money available; spend us deeper in debt;
           deficit spending
    403.   Spend under special circumstances, such as hard times
    404.   Bring cheap money; more money circulating
    405.   Other easy spending response
    406.   Raise taxes--NFS; keep taxes high; seek to increase government 
           revenues
    407.   Increse income taxes; will not cut income taxes; rely on increase
           in/high income tax to provide government revenues

            - FISCAL POLICY--CAUTIOUS SPENDING RESPONSES

    500.   Spend less freely; economy in government (NFS)
    501.   Spend little relative to what is accomplished; less wasteful/more
           careful with government (taxpayers') money
    502.   Spend little relative to money available; reduce debt, keep debt
           from getting higher, balanced budget     
    503.   Spend little even when special circumstances might warrant
    504.   For sound money/tight money, deflation
    505.   Other cautious spending response
    506.   Cut taxes--NFS; keep taxes low; seek to decrease government
           revenues
    507.   Cut income taxes; will not increase income taxes; rely on taxes
           other than income tax to provide government revenue

            - FISCAL POLICY--GENERAL SPENDING RESPONSES

    591.   General mention of taxes--neutral or NA direction
    599.   General mention of spending--neutral or NA direction

            - ASSOCIATION OF PARTY WITH GOOD/POSITIVE DOMESTIC SITUATIONS

    411.   Responsible promised (NA what); restraint on promises, realistic,
           doesn't promise too much
    412.   Don't have (too much) government control over the economy; or lets
           business get more involved/handle problems of poverty/unemployment,
           etc.
    413.   (Good) government control of the economy, business
    415.   Good for the nation's economy--general positive reference
    420.   Prosperity in nation; good times for all, high national production,
           avoidance of depression, high employment
    431.   Price inflation held in check; lower cost of living
    435.   Propose/enact fair taxes; believe everyone should be taxed the
           same/ that taxes should be even-handed.
    436.   Give tax breaks to the poor/working/middle class people; tax
           policies favor the lower/middle classes
    440.   Local personal good times economically; head of family gets (keeps)
           better job (wages) when party is in power, family better off
           economically under this party (no direct government benefits like
           social security mentioned)
    450.   Honesty and integrity--characteristics of the party or
           administration (local or national), other similar characteristics
           of the party
    451.   One party has more experience, is better, smarter, more united
    480.  (Only) party has a philosophy/program/platform; stands for something
    490.   Other positive domestic associations
    491.   General mention of unemployment--neutral or NA direction
    492.   General mention of inflation--neutral or NA direction
    493.   General mention of economic policy/handling of the economy

            - GENERAL DOMESTIC POLICY RESPONSES

    499.  A domestic issue difference is cited which could be coded in the 400
           or 500 series, but NA which

            - ASSOCIATION OF PARTY WITH BAD/NEGATIVE DOMESTIC SITUATIONS

    511.   Irresponsible promises (NA what); promises too much; unrealistic,
           pie-in-the sky; can't fulfill promises
    512.   Have (too much) govt control over the economy; or does not let
           business get more involved/handle problems of poverty/unemployment,
           etc.
    513.   (Poor) government control of the economy
    515.   Bad for the nation's economy, general negative reference
    520.   Hard times, depression in nation, much unemployment, low (over)
           production
    531.   Create/does not control price inflation; high cost of living in
           nation
    535.   Propose/enact unfair taxes; show favoritism/give tax breaks to
           certain
           groups or types of people
    536.   Give tax breaks to the wealth/corporations; tax policies favor the
           rich/powerful/upper classes
    540.   Local/personal hard times economically; head of family gets laid
           off (poorer wages) when party is in power; family worse off
           economically under this party
    550.   Dishonesty/corruption (nepotism, graft, patronage) of party or
           administration (local or national); other similar characteristics
           of the party; Watergate
    551.   One party has less experience/is worse/not as smart; party is not
           (is less) unified
    580.   Party has no philosophy/programs/platform; doesn't stand for
            anything 
    590.    Other negative domestic association with party

            - SPECIFIC DOMESTIC POLICIES FAVORED BY PARTY

    600.   Minimum wage legislation; favors raising minimum wage, or favors
           raising unemployment compensation
    601.   Social Security; government pension raises
    610.   Medical (health) insurance; medical card for aged; socialized
           medicine; medicare
    612.   Housing; aid to the homeless
    620.   Government control of utilities; more attention to conservation;
           public works; mention of ecology, environment
    630.   Federal aid to education/school-building; teachers' pay higher
    631.   Busing; forced integration
    632.   Other fed. control of education/schools response; school choice
           plans
    634.   Gun control
    640.   Civil rights; insist more strongly on civil rights
    641.   Law and order--hard line (or NA line); wants a police state;
           support death penalty (88)
    642.   Law and order--soft line; oppose death penalty (88)
    643.   Property rights; open housing
    644.   Policies which would divide country; have civil war; race war
    650.   Higher tariffs; less free trade
    660.   "Wet" legislation; anti-prohibition
    670.   General mention of social welfare; "give away programs"
    671.   Poverty program
    672.   Employment (job) training programs, Job Corps, etc.
    680.   Farm policy
    681.   Abortion
    682.   Women's rights; ERA
    683.   Legalization of marijuana; (more) lenient drug laws
    684.   Homosexual/gay rights
    690.   Other specific domestic policy favored

            - SPECIFIC DOMESTIC POLICIES--NEUTRAL OR NA DIRECTION

    605.   Minimum wage or unemployment compensation
    606.   Social Security; government pension 
    615.   Medical (health) insurance; medical card for aged; socialized
           medicine; medicare
    617.   Housing; aid to the homeless
    625.   Government control of utilities; conservation; public works;
           ecology, environment
    635.   Federal aid to education; school choice plans
    636.   Bussing; forced integration
    637.   Other federal control of education or schools response
    639.   Gun control
    645.   Civil rights (legislation)
    646.   Law and order--hard line (or NA line); death penalty (88)
    647.   Law and order--soft line; death penalty (88)
    648.   Property rights; open housing
    649.   Policies which would divide country; have civil war; race war
    655.   Higher tariffs; free trade
    665.   Prohibition; "dry"/"wet" legislation
    675.   General mention of social welfare; "give away programs"
    676.   Poverty program
    677.   Employment (job) training programs, Job Corps, etc.
    685.   Farm policy
    686.   Abortion
    687.   Women's rights; ERA
    688.   Legalization of marijuana; lenient drug laws
    689.   Homosexual/gay rights
    695.       Domestic issues difference, but NA which

            - SPECIFIC DOMESTIC POLICIES OPPOSED BY PARTY

    700.   Minimum wage or unemployment compensation; won't raise minimum
           wage, won't improve unemployment compensation
    701.   Social Security; against raising benefits
    710.   Medical (health) insurance; against medical card for aged; against
           socialized medicine, medicare
    712.   Housing; aid to the homeless
    720.   Government control of utilities; for private power; less interested
           in conservation; public works; mention of ecology, environment
    730.   Federal aid to education; against or drag feet on aid to education
    731.   Bussing; forced integration
    732.   Other federal control of education or schools response; school
           choice plans
    734.   Gun control
    740.   Civil rights; against or drag feet on civil rights legislation;
           leave it to states
    741.   Following a tough or hard line in maintenance of law and
           order/prevention of crime, etc.; police state; imposing the death
           penalty (88)
    742.   Following a soft line in maintenance of law and order/prevention of
           crime, etc.; imposing the death penalty (88)
    743.   Property rights; open housing
    744.   Policies which would divide country; have civil war; race war; want
           to unite the country
    750.   High tariffs; want free trade
    760.   Repeal; want prohibition; "dry"
    770.   General mention of social welfare; "give away programs"
    771.   Poverty program
    772.   Employment (job) training programs, Job Corps, etc.
    780.   Farm policy
    781.   Abortion
    782.   Women's rights; ERA
    783.   Legalization of marijuana; lenient drug laws
    784.   Homosexual/gay rights
    790.          Other specific domestic policy opposed



FOREIGN POLICY REFERENCES

    800.   War; get us into war (faster); party associated with war;
           militarist
    810.   Peace; more likely to keep peace; party associated with peace
    820.   Internationalist; more for foreign aid, government activities
           abroad; cooperate with allies, U.N.; "more for foreign aid/trade"
    825.   Foreign aid/trade, NA direction
    830.   Isolationist; avoid foreign activities; cut foreign aid (military
           or economic); "cut foreign aid/trade"
    840.   National security; for strong national defense (spending); strong
           (firm) (too aggressive) posture toward communism (Russia); too much
           defense spending
    845.   National defense--general, NA or neutral direction
    850.   Inadequate national security; fail to maintain (spend for) defense;
           weak posture toward communism (Russia)
    860.   Specific trouble spots
    870.   Control of nuclear weapons
    880.   Strong foreign policy
    881.   Weak foreign policy
    884.   Space; space policy
    890.   Other foreign policy--other substantive foreign policy mentions
           (direction of response usually indicated)
    891.   Mention of "foreign policy" difference but no substance or
           direction given (e.g., usual response is "the two parties or
           candidates differ on foreign policy, on how they will handle
           foreign policy")

MISCELLANEOUS AND NO PARTY DIFFERENCES RESPONSES

    900.   Miscellaneous other party differences
    901.   (Only) one party is more successful than the others; wins
           elections; is (is not) majority party, etc.
    902.   (Only) one party is less successful than the others; doesn't win
           elections much; is the minority party
    910.   Personality/candidate only mentions--candidate is dangerous,
           fanatic, aggressive, courageous, honest, untrustworthy, impulsive,
           outspoken, firm, dishonest, negative, lack of integrity, bad
           politician, etc.(but code 371 racist, prejudiced, bigoted)
    920.   Reference to probable inability to get things done, e.g., gain
           congressional support
    930.   Leadership mentions--a good (bad) leader, is head of the party (R
           must specifically mention the candidate as leader or head of the
           party), or one party has better leadership than another
    980.   The parties are different; everything about them is different (NA
           what the differences are)


NO DIFFERENCE ("NO" OR "DK")

    991.   There used to be differences, but not now
    992.   Indicate dissatisfaction with the lack of differences
    993.   Favorable to both parties, e.g., both parties are seeking to serve
           the people
    994.   Indicates that individual candidates are more important than
           parties anyhow
    995.   Unfavorable to both parties, e.g., both parties are just after
           money
    996.   On variation within parties
    997.   Other comments

    998.  DK (Code in 1st var only)
    999.  NA (Code in 1st var only)

    000.   No party differences ("No" or "DK" and no further comment); no
           further second or third differences


>> 1992 LIBERAL/CONSERVATIVE CODE

                          - USED 1992 ONLY -


GENERAL PHILOSOPHY

    010. Acceptance of change/new ideas; less bound to status quo, more
         open to new ideas/ways of doing things; flexible, innovative,
         "modern", progressive
    110. Resistance to change/new ideas; stick to (protect) status quo, resist
         new ways of doing things; rigid, set in ways, old-fashioned
        -----
    020. Quick (rash) response to problems; tackle problems quickly;
         impetuous, impulsive, (too) aggressive, take more chances, not
         cautious (enough)
    120. Slow (cautious) response to problems, do-nothing, lets things go,
         avoid risk
        -----
    021.     Irresponsible; does not worry about consequences; "anything goes"
             attitude
    121.     Thoughtful; worries about consequences
        -----
    030.     Independence of thought, ideas; think on their own; don't
             (always) follow
             party directives; outspoken activist, go-getters; look at both
             sides of question; more likely to compromise/give and take on an
             issue
    130.     Don't think independently; compliant, disciplined, follow party
             directives; look at only one side of issues
        -----
    035.     Consistent; takes firm stands; decisive; determined; stubborn
    135.     Inconsistent, they switch positions/do not take firm stand on
             issues; are indecisive
        -----
    040.     For equality, equal rights for everybody; "no 'stuffed shirts"'";
             talk on people's level; willing to listen to people, people like
             me
    140.     Elitist; favors maintaining special privileges for some
        -----
    050.     Extreme, radical, far left (not further specified)
    150.     Moderate, middle-of-road, less extreme (not further specified)
    155.     Reactionary, far right (not further specified)
        -----
    060.     Cares about giving to, helping others; compassionate; generous; 
             do-gooder
    160.     Self-centered, cares primarily about self
        -----
    061.     Sensitive to social problems; concerned with social reform;
             interested in improving social conditions; for equalizing
             distribution of income
    161.     Unaware of social problems; not favoring social reform; not
             interested in improving social conditions; against
             equalizing/redistribution of income
        -----
    070.     Future-oriented, plan ahead, look to the future
    170.     Not future-oriented, don't plan ahead, don't worry about the
             future; short-sighted
        -----
    071.     Idealist, not realistic about what is possible
    171.     Pragmatic; down to earth, realistic
        -----
    080.     Socialistic, for welfare state, for social welfare programs, for
             government intervention in social problems; leaves less to
             (interferes
             more with) private enterprise
    180.     For free enterprise, capitalism, against socialism (code "help
             big business" under group references); for development of private
             enterprise, against government expansion into areas of private
             enterprise; against government intervention in social problems,
             leaves individuals to fend off on their own
        -----
    081.     Depends (too much) on federal government (rather than state or
             local government); (too) centralized, paternalism, want
             Washington to do everything
    181.     For states' rights, local government, less interference from
             Washington at local level, against powerful federal government
        -----
    082.     Destroy personal initiative/individual responsibility/individual
             dignity; recognize individual needs government help
    182.     Initiative/Responsibility/Dignity of individual protected
        -----
    083.     Humanistic; care (more) about people; for the benefit of the
             person
    183.     Less/Not humanistic; less/not concerned about people
        -----
    084.     Patriotic, nationalist; looks out for good of our country; pride
             in government/country/Constitution; has the country's interest at
             heart
    184.     Less patriotic, less nationalist; not enough pride in government/
             country/Constitution; willing to take care of other people (e.g.,
             refugees) before taking care of people at home
        -----
    085.     Definite moral standards/stands; concern for/control of public
             morality
    185.     Freedom to do as one chooses; less interested in strict control
             of social behavior; not interested in setting moral standards
        -----
    086.     (Good) Christian; strong religious beliefs
    186.     Not religious
        -----
    087.     Adhere to/uphold/respect the Constitution; live up to/stick to
             what the Constitution says
    187.     Deviate from/ignore/don't respect the Constitution; interpret the
             Constitution to suit their needs; ignore the Constitution when it
             suits their purposes
        -----
    088.     Support/uphold/defend the Bill of Rights; protect the right to
             freedom of speech/press/religion, etc.; support the ACLU
    188.     Seek to curtail/fail to protect/unwilling to observe the Bill of
             Rights; willing to put limits in freedom of speech/press/
             religion, etc.; doesn't support the ACLU
    089.     (More) Concerned about human rights; places (greater) importance
             on the protection of human rights.
    189.     Less/not concerned about human rights; does not place/places less
             importance on the protection of human rights.
        -----
   090. Other general philosophy reference pertaining to liberals
   190. Other general philosophy reference pertaining to conservatives



FISCAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY REFERENCES

    - FISCAL POLICY--EASY SPENDING RESPONSES

    400.     Spend more freely/high spenders (NFS); liberal economic policy;
             favor government spending
    401.     Spend much relative to what is accomplished, wasteful, not
             careful with spending
    402.     Spend much relative to money available; spend us deeper in debt
    403.     Spend under special circumstances, such as hard times
    404.     Bring cheap money, more money circulating
    405.     Other easy spending responses
    406.     Want to raise taxes--NFS; want to keep taxes high/increase
             government revenues
    407.     Will increase income taxes; will not cut income taxes; will rely
             on increase in/high income tax to provide government revenues

    - FISCAL POLICY--CAUTIOUS SPENDING RESPONSES

    500.     Spend less freely, economize in government (NFS); tight economic
             policy; oppose government spending
    501.     Spend little relative to what is accomplished, less wasteful/more
             careful with government (taxpayers') money
    502.     Spend little relative to money available, reduce debt; keep debt
             from getting higher, balanced budget
    503.     Spend little even when special circumstances might warrant
    504.     For sound money, tight money, deflation
    505.     Other cautious spending responses
    506.     Want to cut taxes--NFS; want to keep taxes low/decrease
             government revenues
    507.     Will cut income taxes; will not increase income taxes; will rely
             on taxes other than income tax to provide government revenue
    512.     Favor (too much) government control over economy; doesn't let
             business
             get more involved/handle problems of poverty/ unemployment, etc.
    412.     Don't favor (too much) government control over economy; lets
             business get
             more involved/handle problems of poverty/ unemployment, etc.
    490.     Other reference to fiscal and economic policy
    435.     Propose/enact fair taxes; believe everyone should be taxed the
             same/that taxes should be even-handed
    535.     Propose/enact unfair taxes; show favoritism/give tax breaks to
             certain groups or types of people
    436.     Give tax breaks to the poor/working/middle class people; tax
             policies favor the lower/middle classes
    536.     Give tax breaks to the wealthy/corporations; tax policies favor
             the rich/powerful/upper classes

SPECIFIC DOMESTIC POLICIES FAVORED BY LIBERAL/CONSERVATIVE

    600.     Minimum wage legislation; favors raising minimum wage, or favors
             raising unemployment compensation
    601.     Social security, government pension rates
    603.     Full employment policies; government committment to provide a job
             for everyone who wants to work
    610.     Medical (health) insurance, medical care for the aged, socialized
             medicine, Medicare
    620.     Government control of utilities, more attention to conservation;
             public
             works, mention of ecology, environment
    630.     Federal aid to education/school-building, teachers' pay higher
    631.     Busing; forced integration
    632.     Other federal control of education or schools response
    633.     Prayer in schools
    640.     Civil rights, insist more strongly on civil rights
    641.     Law and order--hard line (or NA line); want a police state;
             support death
             penalty (88)
    642.     Law and order--soft line; oppose death penalty (88)
    643.     Property rights, open housing
    644.     Policies which would divide country, have civil war, race war
    650.     Higher tariffs, less free trade
    660.     "Wet" legislation, anti-prohibition
    670.     General mention of social welfare, "give-away programs"
    671.     Poverty program
    672.     Employment (job) training programs, job corps, etc.
    673.     Food stamps
    674.     Provides for/support/spend (more) for child care or parental
             leave policy; license/fund day care facilities
    680.     Farm policy
    681.     Abortion; birth control
    682.     Women's rights; ERA
    683.     Legalization of pot, lower penalties/lenient drug laws or
             enforcement
    684.     Gay rights, homosexuals
    685.     Nuclear power, construction of nuclear plants
    686.     Gun control
    690.     Other specific domestic policy favored


SPECIFIC DOMESTIC POLICIES OPPOSED BY LIBERAL/CONSERVATIVE

    700.     Minimum wage or unemployment compensation; won't raise minimum
             wage, won't improve unemployment compensation
    701.     Social security, against raising benefits
    703.     Full employment policies; government committment to provide a job
             for everyone who wants to work
    710.     Medical (health) insurance, against medical care for the aged,
             against socialized medicine, Medicare
    720.     Government control of utilities, for private power; less
             interested in conservation; public works, mention of ecology,
             environment
    730.     Federal aid to education; against or drag feet on aid to
             education
    731.     Busing; forced integration
    732.     Other federal control of education or schools response
    733.     Prayer in schools
    740.     Civil rights, against or drag feet on civil rights legislation,
             leave it to states
    741.     Following a tough or hard line in maintenance of law and order;
             police state; prevention of crime, etc.; imposing the death
             penalty (88)
    742.     Following a soft line in maintenance of law and order; police
             state; prevention of crime, etc.; imposing the death penalty (88)
    743.     Property rights, open housing
    744.     Policies which would divide country, have civil war, race war;
             want to unite the country
    750.     High tariffs, want free trade
    760.     Repeal; want prohibition; "dry"
    770.     General mention of social welfare, "give-away programs"
    771.     Poverty program
    772.     Employment (job) training programs, job corps
    773.     Food stamps
    774.     Provide for/support/spend (more) for child care or parental leave
             policy; license/fund day care facilities
    780.     Farm policy
    781.     Abortion; birth control
    782.     Women's rights; ERA
    783.     Legalization of pot, lower penalties/lenient drug laws
    784.     Gay rights, homosexuals
    785.     Nuclear power, construction of nuclear plants
    786.     Gun control
    790.     Other domestic policy opposed


GROUP REFERENCES

    - LIBERAL/CONSERVATIVE GOOD FOR/HELPS/GIVES SPECIAL ADVANTAGE TO:

    200.     Everybody; nobody; no catering to special interests, "people"
             (the majority)
    210.     Working or little people, the common (poor, lowly) people, the
             working class, "average man"
    212.     People like me, people like us
    220.     Unions, "labor", labor leaders
    230.     Big business, industry, "business(men)", Wall Street (except
             small businessman, code 240)
    231.     Rich people, upper classes, wealthy (powerful) people
    240.     Small businessmen
    250.     Middle class people, white collar people
    260.     Farmers
    270.     Blacks
    280.     Other racial and ethnic groups
    281.     The South, some portion of the south
    282.     The North, some portion of the north
    283.     White people, white people only
    284.     Minorities, minority groups (NA which)
    285.     Old people
    286.     The educated, intellectuals, students
    290.     Other groups
    299.     Group reference codeable in 200 or 300 series, NA which


    - LIBERAL/CONSERVATIVE BAD FOR/ANTI/KEEPS IN CHECK/PUTS IN PLACE:

    300.     Divisive, sets class against class, caters to special interests
             (NA what), plays group politics; not for all the people;
             (LIBS/CONS) only for themselves
    310.     Working or little people, the common (poor, lowly) people, the
             working class, "average man"
    312.     People like me, people like us
    320.     Unions, "labor", labor leaders
    330.     Big business, industry, "business(men)", Wall Street (except
             small businessman, code 340)
    331.     Rich people, upper classes, wealthy (powerful) people
    340.     Small businessmen
    350.     Middle class people, white collar people
    360.     Farmers
    370.     Blacks
    371.     Racist, prejudiced, bigoted
    380.     Other racial and ethnic groups; "minority groups," other or NFS
    381.     The South, some portion of the south
    382.     The North, some portion of the north
    383.     White people, white people only
    384.     Minorities, minority groups (NA which)
    385.     Old people
    386.     The educated, intellectuals, students
    390.     Other groups


FOREIGN POLICY REFERENCES

    800.     War; get us into war (faster); liberal/conservative associated
             with war, military
    810.     Peace; more likely to keep peace, liberal/conservative associated
             with peace (no mention of Vietnam specifically)
    820.     Internationalist; more for foreign aid/trade, government
             activities abroad; cooperate with allies; U.N. "more for foreign
             aid/trade"
    830.     Isolationist; avoid foreign activities, cut foreign aid/trade
             (military or economic); "cut foreign aid/trade"
    840.     National security; for strong national defense (spending); strong
             (firm) (too aggressive) posture toward communism (Russia); too
             much defense spending
    850.     Inadequate national security; fail to maintain (spend for)
             defense; weak
             posture toward communism (Russia)
    860.     Specific trouble spots
    870.     Control of nuclear weapons
    880.     Strong foreign policy
    881.     Weak foreign policy
    890.     Other foreign policy--other substantive foreign policy mentions
             (direction of response usually indicated)
    891.     Mention of "foreign policy" difference, but no substance or
             direction given (e.g., usually response is "they differ on
             foreign policy or in how
             they will handle foreign policy")

MISCELLANEOUS

   900. Other miscellaneous reference pertaining to liberals
   901. Other miscellaneous reference pertaining to conservatives

    902.     Liberal defined in terms of specific national figure or
             Democratic party
    903.     Conservative defined in terms of specific national figure or
             Republican party

    998.     DK
    999.     NA

    000.     INAP






>> CANDIDATE NUMBERS CODE, 1990-1992

                          - USED 1990, 1992 -


FOR USE WITH:  RECALL, THERMOMETERS, LIKES/DISLIKES, 'MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM'
HOUSE CANDIDATES, INCUMBENCY, ALL CONTACTS, VOTE, NONVOTER PREFERENCE.  [NOT
FOR USE WITH SUPPORT VAR -- SEE SUPPORT MASTER CODES]




             SENATE:        10.  Third party or independent Senate candidate
                                 **
                            11.  Democratic candidate in open Senate race
                            12.  Republican candidate in open Senate race
                            13.  Democratic Senate incumbent
                            14.  Republican Senate incumbent
                            15.  Democratic Senate challenger
                            16.  Republican Senate challenger
                            17.  Democratic Senator, no race in state
                            18.  Republican Senator, no race in state
                            19.  Democratic Senator, term not up in state with
                                 race
                            21.  Democratic Senator--retiring (state with open
                                 race)
                            22.  Republican Senator--retiring (state with open
                                 race)
                            27.  Democratic Senator, no race in state
                            28.  Republican Senator, no race in state
                            29.  Republican Senator, term not up in state with
                                 race

             

             HOUSE:         30.  Third party or independent House candidate **
                            31.  Democratic candidate in open House race
                            32.  Republican candidate in open House race
                            33.  Democratic House incumbent
                            34.  Republican House incumbent
                            35.  Democratic House challenger
                            36.  Republican House challenger
                            41.  Democratic Representative--retiring (district
                                 with open race)
                            42.  Republican Representative--retiring (district
                                 with open race)

             

             GOVERNOR:      50.  Third party or independent Gubernatorial
                                 candidate **
        [NOT USED 1992]     51.  Democratic candidate in open
                                           Gubernatorial race
                            52.  Republican candiate in open Gubernatorial
                                 race
                            53.  Democratic Gubernatorial incumbent
                            54.  Republican Gubernatorial incumbent
                            55.  Democratic Gubernatorial challenger
                            56.  Republican Gubernatorial challenger
                            57.  Democratic governor, no race in state
                            58.  Republican governor, no race in state
                            61.  Democratic governor--retiring (state with
                                 open race)
                            62.  Republican governor--retiring (state with
                                                                  open race)

             OTHER:         90.  Both Democratic and Republican candidates
                                 (USED IN INCUMBENCY VAR ONLY)
                            97.  Name given not on Candidate List [NOT USED
                                 1990--SEE NOTE BELOW]


             MD:            98.  DK; refused to name candidate
                            99.  NA
                            00.  INAP



++VOTED OUTSIDE DISTRICT OF IW:       District with no running incumbent:
(VOTE VAR ONLY)
                            81.  Democratic candidate
                            82.  Republican candidate

                            District with running incumbent: (VOTE VAR ONLY)
                            83.  Democratic incumbent
                            84.  Republican incumbent
                            85.  Democratic challenger
                            86.  Republican challenger

                            All districts:  (VOTE VAR ONLY)
                            80.  Third party or independent candidate **
                            91.  Democrat--no name given
                            92.  Republican--no name given

                                                                          
     
++ CODES 80-86,91,92 ARE NOT USED IN VARS OTHER THAN VOTE VARS.

** IN 1992, IF 3RD PARTY/INDEPENDENT CANDIDATE NAMED, THIS CODE WAS
USED ONLY IF NAME APPEARS ON CANDIDATE LIST (IF NAME NOT ON
CANDIDATE LIST, CODE 97 IS USED).


GENERAL NOTE:     IN THOSE QUESTIONS WHERE R IS NOT READ NAMES OF CANDIDATES
BUT R SUPPLIES A CANDIDATE NAME OF HIS/HER OWN CONSTRUCTION [I.E., IN RECALL
AND FOR 'MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM IN DISTRICT' HOUSE CANDIDATE], RESPONDENTS

SOMETIMES IN ERROR GIVE NAMES OF CANDIDATES FOR OTHER OFFICES OR NAMES OF
NONRUNNING OFFICEHOLDERS. IF SUCH A NAME IS DETERMINED TO BE APPROPRIATE FOR
R'S STATE/CD AND THE NAME IS CODEABLE FROM THE CANDIDATE LIST USED, WHEREVER
POSSIBLE THE 'INCORRECT' NAME IS STILL CODED.  (HOWEVER, IN 1992 SEE ** FOR*
3RD/PARTY AND INDEPENDENT CANDIDATES).  [NOTE:  IF R NAMES CANDIDATES FROM
DISTRICTS OTHER THAN DISTRICT CORRESPONDING TO R'S SAMPLE LOCATION, THOSE
CANDIDATES' CODES ARE NOT CODED--97 IS USED.]


1990 NOTE:   CODE 97 WAS NOT USED IN 1990.  CASES WHICH IN PRIOR YEARS (AND
             AGAIN IN 1992) HAD BEEN CODED 97 'NAME NOT ON CANDIDATE LIST'
             WERE IN 1990 FOLDED INTO CODES 10, 30, OR 50 TOGETHER WITH THIRD
             PARTY AND INDEPENDENT CANDIDATES.

1992 NOTE:   IN 1992, CODE 97 INCLUDES INSTANCES WHERE R VOTED STRAIGHT MAJOR
             PARTY TICKET BUT NO CANDIDATE FOR R'S PARTY RAN FOR GIVEN OFFICE
             (OR: R INSISTS VOTED FOR A MAJOR PARTY'S CANDIDATE BUT NO
             CANDIDATE RAN FOR GIVEN OFFICE REPRESENTING NAMED MAJOR PARTY).



>> CANDIDATE SUPPORT CODE, 1990-1992

                            USED 1990, 1992


                         (FOR USE WITH Q. G2A)


   Note:     in 1992 codes 3 and 4 were reversed in coding; in previous years
   code 4 was nonincumbent Republican presidential candidate and code 3 was 
   nonincumbent Democratic candidate.


REPUBLICAN:          PRESIDENTIAL:         01.  Incumbent Presidential
candidate,
                      [1992 ONLY]               Republican
                                      03.  Nonincumbent Presidential
                                           candidate, Republican
                                     
--------------------------------------------------------------
                       SENATE:        12.  US Senate candidate, Republican,
                                           in race w/o incumbent
                                      14.  US Senate incumbent candidate,
                                           Republican
                                      16.  US Senate challenger candidate,
                                           Republican
                                      18.  US Senator, Republican, no race
                                           in state +++
                                      22.  Retiring US Senator, Republican
                                           +++
                                      28.  US Senator, Republican, no race
                                           in state +++
                                      29.  US Senator, Republican, term not
                                           up in state w/race +++
                                     
---------------------------------------------------------------
                       HOUSE:         32.  US House candidate, Republican,
                                           in race w/o incumbent
                                      34.  US House incumbent candidate,
                                           Republican
                                      36.  US House challenger candidate,
                                           Republican
                                      42.  Retiring US House Representative,
                                           Republican +++
                                     
---------------------------------------------------------------
                       GOVERNOR:      52.  Gubernatorial candidate,
                                           Republican, in race w/o incumbent
                                      54.  Gubernatorial incumbent
                                           candidate, Republican
                                      56.  Gubernatorial challenger
                                           candidate, Republican
                                      58.  Governor, Republican, no race in
                                           state +++
                                      62.  Retiring governor, Republican +++
                                     
---------------------------------------------------------------
                       MISCELLANEOUS: 72.  NA which candidate(s), Republican
                                      74.  Other candidate not listed above,
                                           Republican
                                      76.  Republican party



DEMOCRATIC:     PRESIDENTIAL:         02.  Incumbent Presidential candidate,
                      [1992 ONLY]                    Democratic
                                      04.  Nonincumbent Presidential
                                           candidate, Democratic
                                     
---------------------------------------------------------------
                       SENATE:        11.  US Senate candidate, Democratic,
                                           in race w/o incumbent
                                      13.  US Senate incumbent candidate,
                                           Democratic
                                      15.  US Senate challenger candidate,
                                           Democratic
                                      17.  US Senator, Democratic, no race
                                           in state +++
                                      19.  US Senator, Democratic, term not
                                           up in state w/race +++
                                      21.  Retiring US Senator, Democratic
                                           +++
                                      27.  US Senator, Democratic, no race
                                           in state +++
                                     
---------------------------------------------------------------
                       HOUSE:         31.  US House candidate, Democratic,
                                           in race w/o incumbent 
                                      33.  US House incumbent candidate,
                                           Democratic
                                      35.  US House challenger candidate,
                                           Democratic
                                      41.  Retiring US House Representative,
                                           Democratic +++
                                     
---------------------------------------------------------------
                       GOVERNOR:      51.  Gubernatorial candidate,
                                           Democratic, in race w/o incumbent
                                      53.  Gubernatorial incumbent
                                           candidate, Democratic
                                      55.  Gubernatorial challenger
                                           candidate, Democratic
                                      57.  Governor, Democratic, no race in
                                           state +++
                                      61.  Retiring Governor, Democratic +++
                                     
---------------------------------------------------------------
                       MISCELLANEOUS: 71.  NA which candidate(s), Democratic
                                      73.  Other candidate not listed above,
                                           Democratic
                                      75.  Democratic party




OTHER:            05.  Presidential candidate, independent (1992 only)
                  10.  Independent or 3rd party Senate candidate ***
                  30.  Independent or 3rd party House candidate ***
                  50.  Independent or 3rd party Gubernatorial candidate ***
                  80.  Other minor party or minor independent candidate--any
                       office level
                  85.  3rd/other party
                  95.  Other candidate(s) for state/local offices (office
                       given but party NA), or non-party candidate
                  96.  Other groups/individuals which are neither parties nor
                       organized supporters of specific cands
                  97.  Candidate name given but office and party NA
                  98.  DK
                  99.  NA


+++ NAMES USED ONLY IN ERROR BY R

*** TO BE USED ONLY WHEN CANDIDATE APPEARS ON CANDIDATE LIST



>> TYPE OF RACE CODE, 1990-1992

                            USED 1990, 1992


                                 HOUSE

DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENT RUNNING

   12.  Democratic incumbent running -- REPUBLICAN CHALLENGER
   13.  Democratic incumbent running -- OTHER CHALLENGER
   14.  Democratic incumbent running -- UNOPPOSED
   19.  Democratic incumbent running -- REPUBLICAN AND OTHER CHALLENGERS

REPUBLICAN INCUMBENT RUNNING

   21.  Republican incumbent running -- DEMOCRATIC CHALLENGER
   23.  Republican incumbent running -- OTHER CHALLENGER
   24.  Republican incumbent running -- UNOPPOSED
   29.  Republican incumbent running -- DEMOCRATIC AND OTHER CHALLENGERS

OTHER INCUMBENT RUNNING

   31.  Other incumbent running      -- DEMOCRATIC CHALLENGER
   32.  Other incumbent running      -- REPUBLICAN CHALLENGER
   34.  Other incumbent running      -- UNOPPOSED

TWO INCUMBENTS RUNNING

   45.  Two Republican incumbents running due to redistricting [1992 only,
        LA06]

NO INCUMBENT RUNNING

   51.  Democratic incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE UNOPPOSED
   52.  Democratic incumbent not running -- REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE UNOPPOSED
   53.  Democratic incumbent not running -- OTHER CANDIDATE UNOPPOSED
   55.  Democratic incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN
        CANDIDATES
   56.  Democratic incumbent not running -- REPUBLICAN AND OTHER CANDIDATES
   57.  Democratic incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC AND OTHER CANDIDATES
   59.  Democratic incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN AND
        OTHER CANDIDATES

   61.  Republican incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE UNOPPOSED
   62.  Republican incumbent not running -- REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE UNOPPOSED
   63.  Republican incumbent not running -- OTHER CANDIDATE UNOPPOSED
   65.  Republican incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN
        CANDIDATES
   66.  Republican incumbent not running -- REPUBLICAN AND OTHER CANDIDATES
   67.  Republican incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC AND OTHER CANDIDATES
   69.  Republican incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN AND
        OTHER CANDIDATES

OTHER

   85.  Typerace undefined due to redistricting [1992 only]

                                SENATE

DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENT RUNNING

   12.  Democratic incumbent running -- REPUBLICAN CHALLENGER
   13.  Democratic incumbent running -- OTHER CHALLENGER
   14.  Democratic incumbent running -- UNOPPOSED
   19.  Democratic incumbent running -- REPUBLICAN AND OTHER CHALLENGERS

REPUBLICAN INCUMBENT RUNNING

   21.  Republican incumbent running -- DEMOCRATIC CHALLENGER
   23.  Republican incumbent running -- OTHER CHALLENGER
   24.  Republican incumbent running -- UNOPPOSED
   29.  Republican incumbent running -- DEMOCRATIC AND OTHER CHALLENGERS

OTHER INCUMBENT RUNNING

   31.  Other incumbent running      -- DEMOCRATIC CHALLENGER
   32.  Other incumbent running      -- REPUBLICAN CHALLENGER
   34.  Other incumbent running      -- UNOPPOSED

NO INCUMBENT RUNNING

   51.  Democratic incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE UNOPPOSED
   52.  Democratic incumbent not running -- REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE UNOPPOSED
   53.  Democratic incumbent not running -- OTHER CANDIDATE UNOPPOSED
   55.  Democratic incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN
        CANDIDATES
   56.  Democratic incumbent not running -- REPUBLICAN AND OTHER CANDIDATES
   57.  Democratic incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC AND OTHER CANDIDATES
   59.  Democratic incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN AND
        OTHER CANDIDATES

   61.  Republican incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE UNOPPOSED
   62.  Republican incumbent not running -- REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE UNOPPOSED
   63.  Republican incumbent not running -- OTHER CANDIDATE UNOPPOSED
   65.  Republican incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN
        CANDIDATES
   66.  Republican incumbent not running -- REPUBLICAN AND OTHER CANDIDATES
   67.  Republican incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC AND OTHER CANDIDATES
   69.  Republican incumbent not running -- DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN AND
       OTHER CANDIDATES

NO RACE IN STATE

   81.  DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENTS, no race in state
   82.  REPUBLICAN INCUMBENTS, no race in state
   85.  DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN INCUMBENTS, no race in state
   

TWO RACES IN STATE

   95.  Regular Senate election (open race, Republican incumbent not running)
        and special Senate election [1992 only, California]

         TYPE OF RACE BY STATE AND 1992 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT

   st-CD  Hse Sen        st-CD Hse Sen        st-CD Hse  Sen     st-CD Hse Sen

  AL03  12  12
  AL04  12  12
  AL06  12  12
  AL07  55  12

  AR01  55  12
  AR04  55  12

  AZ01  21  21
  AZ02  55  21
  AZ03  21  21
  AZ04  21  21
  AZ06  85  21

  CA04  21  95*
  CA06  55  95*
  CA07  12  95*
  CA08  12  95*
  CA09  12  95*
  CA10  85  95*
  CA12  12  95*
  CA13  12  95*
  CA19  12  95*
  CA24  12  95*
  CA26  12  95*
  CA27  21  95*
  CA28  21  95*
  CA29  12  95*
  CA31  12  95*
  CA32  14  95*
  CA33  85  95*
  CA34  12  95*
  CA35  12  95*
  CA36  55  95*
  CA38  55  95*
  CA39  65  95*
  CA40  21  95*
  CA41  85  95*
  CA42  12  95*
  CA43  85  95*
  CA44  21  95*
  CA45  21  95*
  CA46  21  95*
  CA47  21  95*
  CA48  21  95*

  CO01  12  55
  CO02  12  55
  CO06  21  55

  CT03  12  12

  FL03  85  12
  FL04  55  12
  FL06  21  12


  FL12  65  12
  FL17  51  12
  FL18  21  12
  FL20  55  12
  FL21  52  12
  FL22  21  12

  GA01  55  12
  GA02  55  12
  GA03  12  12
  GA04  55  12
  GA05  12  12
  GA07  12  12

  IA03  21  21
  IA04  12  21

  IL01  55  55
  IL02  55  55
  IL03  12  55
  IL05  12  55
  IL06  21  55
  IL07  12  55
  IL09  12  55
  IL10  21  55
  IL11  12  55
  IL12  12  55
  IL13  21  55
  IL14  21  55

  IN02  12  21
  IN04  12  21

  KS01  21  21
  KS03  21  21

  LA06  45  12

  MA01  12  81
  MA02  12  81
  MA06  12  81
  MA07  12  81
  MA08  14  81
  MA09  12  81

  MD02  21  12
  MD03  12  12
  MD04  85  12
  MD05  12  12
  MD06  55  12
  MD07  12  12
  MD08  21  12

  MI02  65  81
  MI03  21  81
  MI04  21  81


  MI05  55  81
  MI09  12  81
  MI10  12  81
  MI11  65  81
  MI15  12  81
  MI16  12  81

  MN01  12  85
  MN02  65  85
  MN04  12  85
  MN06  12  85

  MO01  12  21
  MO02  12  21
  MO03  12  21
  MO05  12  21
  MO06  21  21

  NC07  12  12
  NC08  12  12

  NE01  21  81

  NH01  21  65

  NJ01  12  81
  NJ02  12  81
  NJ05  21  81
  NJ07  85  81
  NJ10  12  81
  NJ11  21  81

  NY02  12  21
  NY03  55  21
  NY04  65  21
  NY05  12  21
  NY06  12  21
  NY07  12  21
  NY08  85  21
  NY09  14  21
  NY10  14  21
  NY11  14  21
  NY14  21  21
  NY16  12  21
  NY17  12  21
  NY19  21  21
  NY20  21  21
  NY27  21  21
  NY29  12  21
  NY30  55  21
  NY31  21  21

  OH03  12  12
  OH07  21  12
  OH08  21  12
  OH18  12  12


  OR04  12  21

  PA01  12  21
  PA02  12  21
  PA07  21  21
  PA08  12  21
  PA13  65  21
  PA14  12  21
  PA18  21  21
  PA20  12  21

  TN02  21  81
  TN03  12  81
  TN04  12  81

  TX03  24  85
  TX06  21  85
  TX11  12  85
  TX13  12  85
  TX15  12  85
  TX18  12  85
  TX25  12  85
  TX26  21  85
  TX29  85  85
  TX30  85  85

  VA03  85  85
  VA04  12  85
  VA07  24  85
  VA08  12  85
  VA09  12  85
  VA10  21  85

  WA01  65  55
  WA02  12  55
  WA07  12  55
  WA08  65  55

  WI04  12  21
  WI05  55  21
  WI09  21  21

  WV01  14  81

  WY98  21  82


(* 2 Senate races)




>> 1990 RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE MASTER CODE



Note:         religious preference master code used in 1992 is almost, but
              not exactly, the same as used in 1990.  The 1992 religious
              preference codes appear within the codebook 1992 religion
              summary variable.  [The minor changes from 1990 to 1992 are
              provided in the 1992 variable].


   GENERAL PROTESTANT                                               
                                                                               

               010.  Protestant, no denomination given                         

               020.  Non-denominational Protestant                             

               030.  Community church                                          

               040.  Inter-denominational Protestant                           

               099.  Christian (NFS); "just Christian"                         
                                                                               

   ADVENTIST                                                        
                                                                               

               100.  7th Day Adventist                                         

               102.  Fundamentalist Adventist (Worldwide Church of God)        

               109.  Adventist (NFS)                                           
                                                                          

   ANGLICAN                                                         
                                                                               

               110.  Episcopalian; Anglican                                    

                                                                               

   BAPTIST                                                          
                                                                               

               120.  American Baptist Association                              

               121.  American Baptist Churches U.S.A. (inaccurately known      

                     as "Northern Baptist")                                    

               122.  Baptist Bible Fellowship                                  

               123.  Baptist General Conference                                

               124.  Baptist Missionary Association of America                 

               125.  Conservative Baptist Association of America               

               126.  General Association of Regular Baptist Churches           

                     (G.A.R.B.)                                                

               127.  National Association of free Will Baptists                

               128.  Primitive Baptists                                        

               129.  National Baptist Convention in the U.S.A.*                

               130.  National Baptist Convention of America*                   

               131.  National Primitive Baptist Convention of the U.S.A.*      

               132.  Progressive National Baptist Convention*                  

               133.  United Free-Will Baptist Church                           

               134.  Reformed Baptist (Calvinist)                              

               135.  Southern Baptist Convention                               

               147.  Fundamental Baptist (no denom. ties)                      

               148.  Local (independent) Baptist churches with no              

                     denominational ties or links to a national fellowship     

               149.  Baptist (NFS)                                             

                                                                               

   CONGREGATIONAL                                                   
                                                                               

               150.  United Church of Christ (includes Congregational,         

                     Evangelical and Reformed)                                 

               151.  Congregational Christian                                  

                                                                               

   EUROPEAN FREE CHURCH (ANABAPTISTS)                               
                                                                               

               160.  Church of the Brethren                                    

               161.  Brethren (NFS)                                            

               162.  Mennonite Church                                          

               163.  Moravian Church                                           

               164.  Old Order Amish                                           

               165.  Quakers (Friends)                                         

               166.  Evangelical Covenant Church (not Anabaptist in            

                     tradition)                                                

               167.  Evangelical Free Church (not Anabaptist in tradition)     

               168.  Brethren in Christ                                        

               170.  Mennonite Brethren                                        

                                                                               

   HOLINESS                                                         
                                                                               

               180.  Christian and Missionary Alliance (CMA)                   

               181.  Church of God (Anderson, IN)                              

               182.  Church of the Nazarene                                    

               183.  Free Methodist Church                                     

               184.  Salvation Army                                            

               185.  Wesleyan Church                                           

               199.  Holiness (NFS); Church of God (NFS); not                  

                     Charismatic/Pentecostal in Q.X7                           

                                                                               

   INDEPENDENT-FUNDAMENTALIST                                       
                                                                               

               200.  Plymouth Brethren                                         

               201.  Independent Fundamentalist Churches of America            

               219.  Independent-Fundamentalist (NFS)                          
                                                                               

   LUTHERAN                                                         
                                                                               
               220.  Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (formerly          

                     Lutheran Church in America and The American Lutheran      

                     Church); ELCA                                             

               221.  Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod; LC-MS                    

               222.  Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod; WELS                

               223.  Other Conservative Lutheran                               

               229.  Lutheran (NFS)                                            
                                                                               

   METHODIST                                                        
                                                                               

               230.  United Methodist Church; Evangelical United Brethren      

               231.  African Methodist Episcopal Church*                       

               232.  African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church*                  

               233.  Christian Methodist Episcopal Church*                     

               249.  Methodist (NFS)                                           

                                                                               

   PENTECOSTAL                                                      
                                                                               

               250.  Assemblies of God                                         

               251.  Church of God (Cleveland, TN)                             

               252.  Church of God (Huntsville, AL)                            

               253.  International Church of the Four Square Gospel            

               254.  Pentecostal Church of God                                 

               255.  Pentecostal Holiness Church                               

               256.  United Pentecostal Church International                   

               257.  Church of God in Christ (incl. NA whether 258)*           

               258.  Church of God in Christ (International)*                  

               260.  Church of God of the Apostolic Faith                      

               268.  Spanish Pentecostal                                       

               269.  Pentecostal (NFS); Church of God (NFS);                   

                     Charismatic/Pentecostal in Q.X7                           

                                                                               

   PRESBYTERIAN                                                     
                                                                               

               270.  Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.                         

               271.  Cumberland Presbyterian Church                            

               272.  Presbyterian Church in American (PCA)                     

               275.  Evangelical Presbyterian                                  

               279.  Presbyterian (NFS)                                        

                                                                               

   REFORMED                                                         
                                                                               

               280.  Christian Reformed Church (inaccurately known as          

                     "Dutch Reformed")                                         

               281.  Reformed Church in America                                

               282.  Free Hungarian Reformed Church                            

               289.  Reformed (NFS)                                            

                                                                               

   RESTORATIONIST                                                   
                                                                               

               290.  Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)                    

               291.  Christian Churches and Churches of Christ                 

               292.  Churches of Christ; "Church of Christ" (NFS)              

               293.  Christian Congregation                                    

                                                                               

   NON-TRADITIONAL PROTESTANTS                                      
                                                                               

               300.  Christian Scientists                                      

               301.  Mormons; Latter Day Saints                                

               302.  Spiritualists                                             

               303.  Unitarian; Universalist                                   

               304.  Jehovah's Witnesses                                       

               305.  Unity; Unity Church; Christ Church Unity                  

               309.  Non-traditional Protestant (NFS)                          

                                                                               

   ROMAN CATHOLIC                                                   
                                                                               

               400.  Roman Catholic                                            

                                                                               

   JEWISH                                                           
                                                                               

               500.  Jewish, no preference                                     

               501.  Orthodox                                                  

               502.  Conservative                                              

               503.  Reformed                                                  

                                                                               

   EASTERN ORTHODOX (GREEK RITE CATHOLIC)                           
                                                                               

               700.  Greek Rite Catholic                                       

               701.  Greek Orthodox                                            

               702.  Russian Orthodox                                          

               703.  Rumanian Orthodox                                         

               704.  Serbian Orthodox                                          

               705.  Syrian Orthodox                                           

               706.  Armenian Orthodox                                         

               707.  Georgian Orthodox                                         

               708.  Ukrainian Orthodox                                        

               719.  Eastern Orthodox (NFS)                                    
                                                        
            

   NON-CHRISTIAN/NON-JEWISH                                         
                                                                               

               720.  Muslim; Mohammedan; Islam                                 

               721.  Buddhist                                                  

               722.  Hindu                                                     

               723.  Bahai                                                     

               724.  American Indian Religions (Native American                

                     Religions)                                                

               729.  Other non-Christian/non-Jewish                            

               790.  Religious/ethical cults                                   

                                                                               

   OTHER/NO RELIGION/MISSING DATA                                   
                                                                               

               800.  Agnostics                                                 

               801.  Atheists                                                  

                                                                               

               995.  None, no preference                                       

               997.  Other                                                     


               * = Predominantly Black                                         






>> 1991 GULF WAR GOOD/BAD EFFECTS



Note:         Gulf War good/bad effects codes used in 1992 are almost, but
              not exactly, the same as used in 1990.  The 1992 Gulf War
              good/bad effects codes appear within the codebook 1992 Gulf War
              variables 3618-3622, 3624-3628.



Good Effects

       11.  National Unity--united the country; showed we can pull together in
            a crisis/will support our troops in war
       12.  National Confidence--raised our self-esteem/self-confidence;
            showed we are willing to stand up for ourselves/not willing to be
            pushed around; put to rest the self-doubts/bad feelings over the
            Viet Nam war.
       13.  Patriotism--increased pride in the nation/flag; made people proud
            to be American
       16.  U.S. Troops--low U.S. casualties; brought soldiers back safely;
            troops performed well; good leaders emerged during the war
       17.  The Military--raised the morale/pride of our armed forces;
            increased respect for the military/veterans; gave the Viet Nam
            veterans the approval/recognition they deserve
       18.  Military Victory--we won; proved we are capable of winning a war;
            showed that we could go into a war to win; demonstrated that we
            could win a war quickly/with minimum casualties
       19.  Military Capability--successfully tested our military capability;
            proved our high technology weapons would work; proved that a
            volunteer army could fight/defend the U.S.; raised confidence in
            our defense systems/ program; gave us experience in fighting
            against Soviet 
       21.  Respect--other nations have more respect for us; it made
            the U.S. well-liked; demonstrated U.S. leadership in the
            world; showed the world that we are powerful;               
            strengthened our position in the world; will make other     
            countries think twice before tangling with us
       22.  Resolution--showed we are willing to back up our words with
            actions/that we mean what we say/that we keep our promises
       23.  New World Order--showed we will stand up to
            aggression/will protect our interests/are willing to
            fight for what is right; shows we will protect weaker countries
            from aggression by big countries/that we will defend freedom and
            democracy throughout the world; brought the U.S. recognition as a
            peace-keeping nation/force; might deter other dictators from
            trying the same thing in the future; increased the chances/
            opportunity for world peace
       24.  Collective Security--proved that the nations of the world could
            work together for the good of mankind; strengthened the United
            Nations as a force for peace

       31.  U.S. Economy--strengthened/helped the economy; decreased the
            trade deficit; unemployment went down/ jobs opened up
       32.  Oil--secured our oil supply; we can get the oil we need/more oil
            now; lowered the price of oil/gasoline; kept Saddam Hussein from
            taking control of the world's oil supply
       41.  Mideast Stability--increased the stability/prospects for peace in
            the mideast.
       42.  Relations with Mideast Nations--improved our relations with
            Israel/Arab countries/Gulf states
       43.  Kuwait--helped/liberated Kuwait; drove Iraq/Saddam Hussein from
            Kuwait
       44.  Iraq--defeated Iraq; destroyed Saddam Hussein's military
            strength/ability to make nuclear or biological weapons; stopped
            Iraq/Saddam Hussein from taking over other countries; cut
            Iraq/Saddam Hussein down to size
        49.  Other Good Effects


Bad Effects


        51.  Tarnished U.S. Image (NFS)--projected a bad image of U.S. to the
             world/in poor countries/in the mideast; lost us the respect of
             other nations; generated ill will/made enemies for us in other
             countries
        52.  Aggressor Nation--gives us the image of being an
             aggressor/warmonger nation; makes us appear willing to fight for
             pay for anyone who has the money; makes it easier for us to use
             force again when faced with an international problem; might make
             us overconfident in our ability to get our way by use of force
        53.  International Policeman--made ourselves the international
             policeman; obligated ourselves to give military protection to
             all/other (small) countries
        61.  Foreign Deaths--a lot of innocent people in the mideast were
             killed, displaced or wounded; deaths in Israel from missile
             attacks; Iraqis killed during and after the war
        62.  Environmental Damage--burning oil wells polluting the air; oil
             released into the Gulf polluting water and beaches; damage done
             to wild fowl and sealife
        63.  War Damage--damage done to countries in the mideast; we will have
             to pay for/be responsible for cleaning up the damage done to
             Iraq/Kuwait/Israel during the war
        64.  Deepened Our Involvement--we are now more deeply involved in the
             politics of the mideast/in the Arab-Israeli problem
        71.  Hurt the U.S. Economy--caused a recession; people lost their
             jobs/can't find jobs
        72.  Energy Costs--increased the cost of oil/gasoline; didn't
             lower/change the cost of oil/gasoline; will decrease or has
             decreased the supply of oil in the world/destroyed oil wells
        73.  Oil Dependency--increased our dependence on (mideast) oil
             for energy; made us less willing to develop other sources
             of energy
        74.  Financial Cost--we spent a lot of money; lost a lot of
             supplies/armaments/equipment; need to raise taxes to pay for the
             war; increased our national debt
        75.  Neglected Domestic Needs--money diverted from domestic
             programs/needs in order to finance the war
        76.  Defense Spending--will encourage increased spending on
             defense; will lessen pressure to cut defense spending
        77.  Effect on U.S. Civilians--disrupted the lives of
             people called into the service/sent overseas; caused
             hardship for families of reservists called to active duty;
             created stress/emotional problems for children
        81.  Left Saddam in Power--didn't get rid of/punish Saddam Hussein;
             didn't finish the job
        82.  Kuwait Not a Democracy--failure of Kuwait to establish a
             democratic government; repression/injustice being committed in
             Kuwait since the end of the war
        83.  Failed Rebellion--we encouraged Iraqis to rebel against Saddam
             Hussein then didn't support them/left them to fight alone;
             Kurdish refugee problem--all mentions
        84.  Troops Still in Iraq--we still have forces in Iraq; the war is
             not over yet
        87.  Solved No Problems--didn't resolve any of the problem in the
             mideast; didn't cause the countries in the mideast to unite/get
             along better; didn't bring peace to the mideast
        88.  Didn't Accomplish Anything (NFS)--everything about the war was
             bad; nothing good came from the war; nothing (good) was
             accomplished
        89.  Other Bad Effects


Unspecific or Missing Data  (in response to Good or Bad Effects)


        95.  Nothing that I can pinpoint/think of right now (ONLY answer given
             by R)
        96.  I can't explain it/put it into words (ONLY answer given by R)

        97.  Other Miscellaneous Response

        98.  DK; haven't really thought about it (first mention only)

        99.  NA; refused; R only mentions loss of American lives/people losing
             loved ones in the war (first mention only)

        00.  Inap



>> 1991 SOURCE OF JURORS' NAMES


        01.  Voter registration/list; voter rolls; "registration list"-- NFS.

        02.  Drivers license list; car registration list; Bureau of Motor
             Vehicles; DMV

        03.  Property/ real estate tax list; property/ home owners list;
             "taxpayer list/records"-- NFS

        04.  State/Federal tax list; Internal Revenue Service.

        05.  Draft registration list.

        06.  Social Security list.

        07.  Work force lists; list of employed people.


        11.  The census.

        12.  Telephone book.

        18.  From lists of home/street addresses - NFS.

        19.  All residents/ people living in the area -- NFS.


        21.  From banks.

        22.  From the Board of Education.

        23.  From the Post Office.


        31.  Volunteers; you can put your name in to be a juror.

        32.  Names drawn at random/ by lottery -- NFS.


        97.  Other

        98.  DK
        99.  NA; refused




>> Original Documentation for 1990 National Election Study

I.  General information

The NES/CPS American National Election Study 1990 was conducted by the Center
for Political Studies of the Institute for Social Research, under the general
direction of principal investigators Warren E. Miller, Donald R. Kinder and
Steven J. Rosenstone. Santa Traugott is the Project Manager for the National
Election Studies.  Giovanna Morchio was the 1990 Election Study manager for
NES, over-seeing the study from very early planning stages through data
release.

This is the twenty-first in a series of studies of American national elections
produced by the Political Behavior Program of the Survey Research Center and
the Center for Political Studies, and it is the seventh such study to be
conducted under the auspices of National Science Foundation Grants providing
long-term support for the national election studies.  Both the 1990 National
Election Study and the Vote Validation Study were funded under grant number
SES-8808361. Since 1978 the NES election studies have been designed by
a National Board of Overseers, the members of which meet several times a year
to plan content and administration of the major study components.

Board members during the planning of the 1990 National Election Study
included:  Morris P. Fiorina, Harvard University, Chair; Richard A. Brody,
Stanford University; Stanley Feldman, University of Kentucky; Edie N.
Goldenberg, University of Michigan; Mary Jackman, University of California at
Davis, Gary C. Jacobson, University of California at San Diego; Stanley
Kelley, Jr., Princeton University; Thomas Mann, The Brookings Institution;
Douglas Rivers, Stanford University; John Zaller, the Univer-sity of
California at Los Angeles; Warren E. Miller, Arizona State University, ex
officio; Donald R. Kinder, and Steven J. Rosenstone, University of Michigan,
ex officio.

As part of the planning process, a special planning committee was appointed, a
pilot study conducted, and stimulus letters sent to the members of the
scholarly community soliciting input on study plans.  The 1990 Study Planning
Committee included Kinder and Miller, several Board members (Mann, Co-chair;
Brody; Feldman; Jackman; Miller, ex officio; and Rosenstone, ex officio and
Co-chair), and four other scholars (Jon Krosnick, Ohio State University;
Gregory Markus and Vincent Price, University of Michigan; and David Leege,
Notre Dame University).

A two-wave pilot study was carried out in July and September of 1989 for the
purpose of developing new instrumentation for the 1990 Election Study.  New
items were tested in the rea of religious atti-tudes and denominational
affiliation, media exposure and the type of information recalled, and
individualism.  A significant portion of the studywas devoted to experiments
contrasting different instru-mentation for issue questions: seven-point scales
versus branching response alternatives; "framed" versus "stripped" questions;
unipolar versus bipolar scales; and filtered versus unfiltered questions. 
Data from the 1989 Pilot Study are available through the Inter-university
Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR 9295). Results from the
pilot study (as summarized in Pilot Study Reports, page xix) were used by the
Planning Committee in formulating recommendations to the Board about study
content for the 1990 Election Study.

The 1991 membership of the NES Board of Overseers is: Stanley Feldman, State
University of  New York, Stony Brook; Morris J. Fiorina, Harvard University;
Mary Jackman, University of California, Davis; Gary Jacobson, University of
California, San Diego; David Leege, Notre Dame University; Thomas Mann, The
Brookings Institution; Douglas Rivers, Stanford University; John Zaller,
University of California, Los Angeles.


II.  Survey Content and Administration

SURVEY CONTENT

The Board of Overseers balanced a number of considerations in selecting
content for the Post-Election Survey. There was, as always, the necessity of
maintaining continuity with past surveys.  All congressional time-series items
were evaluated by the Board, and input was solicited from the user community
about whether each should be used for the 1990 Study.

The items that fall into the time-series, or "core" category, are:  campaign
attention; likes and dislikes of political parties; likes and dislikes of
congressional candidates; contact with Congressperson or candidate; vote for
Representative, Senator and Governor; most important problem; campaign
activities; system support and efficacy items; feeling thermometer ratings of
congressional candidates and groups; retrospective economic evaluations
(national and individual); liberal-conservative scale (with proximities);
party identification, seven-point issue scales with placements; federal budget
preferences; views on abortion; and the standard and extensive battery of
demographic questions.

A number of questions are new or relatively new to the Study. Some came from
the piloting work described above-- e.g., the new measures of denominational
affiliation; individualism; and attitudes toward abortion and discrimination
against women. Others were designed to reflect topical concerns of the
campaign.  Items in this category include some foreign policy issue items
relating to changes in Eastern Europe and to events in the Persian Gulf; and
knowledge of and attitudes about the failures of the savings and loans
financial institutions and about the federal budget deficit.

SURVEY ADMINISTRATION

Two forms were used in order to incorporate the maximum amount of content. 
(Even so, the average length of the survey interview was 78 minutes.)  Half of
the study sample was randomly assigned to Form A, and the other half to Form
B. More than 75 percent of the questionnaire content was the same in both
forms; Form A had additional questions relating to values and individualism;
Form B had additional content relating to foreign relations. In addition,
there was a question form experiment (branching alternatives vs. a seven-point
scale).

In the Post-election survey, respondents are asked lengthy series of questions

bout their particular Congresspersons and Senators. Interviewers must pre-edit
questionnaires to fill in the names appro priate for the state and
congressional district in which the respondent is living (or was living during
the pre-election interview).  Interviewers are sent "candidate lists"  for
each congressional district in the sample segments in which they are
interviewing.  Each candidate and Senator on that list is assigned a
particular number that reflects his or her incumbency status and party. (See
Candidate Number Code.) Particular questions in the survey require the
insertion by the interviewer during pre-editing of the names of candidates
with specific numbers.  See, for example, Q. B13, the Feeling Thermometer. 
The Candidate Lists used by the interviewers, which show which candidates are
associated with which congressional district and with which numbers they are
tagged, can be found within this complete set of documentation.NOTES ON
CONFIDENTIAL VARIABLES

Starting with the 1986 Election Study, occupation code variables have been
released in somewhat less detail than in years past.  The dataset includes a
two-digit code with 71 categories corresponding to Census Bureau occupational
groupings.  Those who have need of the full occupation code for their research
should contact the NES project staff for information about the conditions
under which access to these data may be provided.
 
Similarly, the National Election Studies have not included information for
census tracts or minor civil divisions since 1978. Permission to use the more
detailed geographic information for scholarly research may be obtained from
the Board of Overseers. More information about this is available from NES
project staff.

Coding of the new religious denomination variable is in some cases based on an
alphabetic "other, please specify" variable (Variable 541).  This variable is
restricted for reasons of confidentiality, but access may be provided to
legitimate scholars under established NES procedures.

OPEN-ENDED MATERIALS

Traditionally, the Election Studies have contained several minutes of
open-ended responses (for example, the congressional candidates likes and
dislikes).  These questions are put into Master Codes by the SRC coding
section.  Other scholars have developed alternative or supplemental coding
schemes for the questions (for example, the levels of conceptualization,
released as ICPSR #8151). The Board of Overseers wishes to encourage these
efforts but in ways that respect the NES and SRC obligation to protect the
privacy and anonymity of respondents.  Circumstances under which individuals
may have access to transcribed versions of these questions have been worked
out and those interested should contact the NES project staff for further
details.


                                    Table 1
                   Ŀ
                      FIELD ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION    
                                                          
                       Response Rate:            71.4%    
                                                          
                      Length of Interview:     78.0 min   
                                                          
                        No. of Respondents:      2000             
                           

                                                                         
                                    Table 2
            Ŀ
               NUMBER AND CUMULATIVE PERCENT OF INTERVIEWS IN     
                 TWO-WEEK INTERVALS FROM ELECTION DAY, 1990       
                                                                  
                     Nov. 07-Nov. 17       836      42%           
                                                                  
                     Nov. 18-Dec. 01       594      72%           
                                                                  
                     Dec. 02-Dec. 22       413      92%           
                                                                  
                     Dec. 23-Jan. 05       106      97%           
                                                                  
                     Jan. 06-Jan. 26        51     100%           
            
III.  Sampling Information[1]

STUDY POPULATION
 
The study population for the 1990 NES is defined to include all United States
citizens of voting age on or before the 1990 Election Day.  Eligible citizens
must have resided in housing units, other than on military reservations, in
the 48 coterminous states.  This definition excludes persons living in Alaska
or Hawaii and requires eligible persons to have been both a United States
citizen and 18 years of age on or before the 6th of November 1990.

MULTI-STAGE AREA PROBABILITY SAMPLE DESIGN
 
The 1990 NES is based on a multi-stage area probability sample selected from
the Survey Research Center's (SRC) National Sample design.  Identification of
the 1990 NES sample respondents was conducted using a four-stage sampling
process--a primary stage sampling of U.S. Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Areas (SMSA's) and counties, followed by a second stage sampling of area
segments, a third stage sampling of housing units within sampled area
segments, and concluding with the random selection of a single respondent
from selected housing units.  A detailed documentation of the SRC National
Sample is provided in the SRC publication titled 1980 SRC National Sample:
Design and Development.

PRIMARY STAGE SELECTION

The selection of primary stage sampling units (PSU's),[2] which depending on
the sample stratum are either SMSA's, single counties or groupings of small
counties, is based on the county-level 1980 Census Reports of Population and
Housing. Primary stage units were assigned to 84 explicit strata based on
SMSA/Non-SMSA status, PSU size, and geographic location. Sixteen of the 84
strata contain only a single self-representing PSU, each of which is included
with certainty in the primary stage of sample selection.  The remaining 68
nonself-representing strata contain more than one PSU.  From each of these
nonself-representing strata, one PSU was sampled with probability
proportionate to its size (PPS) measured in 1980 occupied housing units. 

The full SRC National Sample of 84 primary stage selections was designed to be
optimal for surveys roughly two times the size of the 1990 NES.  To permit the
flexibility needed for optimal design of smaller survey samples, the primary
stage of the SRC National Sample can be readily partitioned into smaller
subsamples of PSU's.  Each of the partitions represents a stratified
subselection from the full 84 PSU design.
 
The sample for the 1990 NES is selected from the "one-half" partition of the
1980 SRC National Sample.  The "one-half sample" includes 11 of the 16
self-representing SMSA PSU's and a stratified subsampling of 34 (of the 68)
nonself-representing PSU's of the SRC National Sample. Table 3 identifies the
PSU's for the 1990 National Election Study by SMSA status and Region.

SECOND STAGE SELECTION OF AREA SEGMENTS

The second stage of the 1980 National Sample was selected directly from
computerized files that were prepared from the 1980 Census summary tape file
series (STF1-B). The designated second-stage sampling units (SSU's), termed
"area segments," are comprised of census blocks in the metropolitan primary
areas and enumeration districts (ED's) in the rural non-SMSA's and rural areas
of SMSA primary areas.  Each SSU block, block combination or enumeration
district was assigned a measure of size equal to the total 1980 occupied
housing unit count for the area (minimum = 50).  Second stage


    Table 3

                      PSU'S IN THE 1990 NES POST-ELECTION SURVEY              
                              by: SMSA Status and Region                      


    Self-representing SMSAs   Non-self-representing SMSAs    Non-SMSAs   


NORTHEAST  New York, NY-NJ          Boston, MA*               Schuyler, NY
           Philadelphia, PA-NJ      Pittsburgh, PA*                   
                                    Buffalo, NY                       
                                    New Haven, CT                     
                                    Atlantic City, NJ                 
                                    Manchester, NH                    


N. CENTRAL  Chicago, IL             St. Louis, MO*           Sanilac, MI 

           Detroit, MI              Milwaukee, WI            Phillips, KS
                                    Dayton, OH               Mower, MN   
                                    Des Moines, IA                    
                                    Grand Rapids, MI                  
                                    Fort Wayne, IN                    
                                    Steubenville, OH                  


SOUTH                               Houston, TX*        Bulloch, GA  
                                    Baltimore, MD*      Hale, TX     
                                    Birmingham, AL      Monroe, AR   
                                    Columbus, GA-AL     Bedford, TN  
                                    Miami, FL           Robeson, NC  
                                    Lakeland, FL                      
                                    McAllen, TX                       
                                    Wheeling, WV                      
                                    Knoxville, TN                     
                                    Richmond, VA                      

WEST        Los Angeles, CA        Seattle, WA         Eldorado-Albine, CA
            San Francisco, CA      Denver, WY          Carbon, WY   
                                   Anaheim, CA                       
                                   Fresno, CA                        
                                   Eugene, OR                        


  NOTE:   THE PSU'S MARKED WITH AN ASTERISK (*) ARE SELF-REPRESENTING
          FOR SAMPLE DESIGNS  THAT USE THE TWO-THIRDS OR LARGER PORTION 
          OF THE SAMPLE.  FOR THE HALF-SAMPLE DESIGN, ONLY 6 OF THE 16
          SELF-REPRESENTING AREAS REMAIN SELF-REPRESENTING.  THE OTHER TEN
          SELF-REPRESENTING PSU'S ARE PAIRED AND ONLY FIVE ARE USED
          IN THE HALF-SAMPLE DESIGN, EACH REPRESENTING BOTH ITSELF AND THE PSU
          IT IS PAIRED WITH.
   -----------------------------------------------------------------------

sampling of area segments was performed with probabilities proportionate to
the assigned measures of size.

A three-step process of ordering the SSU's within the primary areas produced
an implicit stratification of the area segments in the second stage sampling
frame, stratified at the county level by geographic location and population.
Area segments were stratified within county at the Minor Civil Division (MCD)
level by size and income, and at the block and ED level by location within the
MCD or county. (For details, refer to the SRC publication, 1980, 'National
Sample: Design and Development.)

Systematic PPS sampling was used to select the area segments from the second
stage sampling frame for each county.  In the self-representing (SR) PSU's the
number of sample area segments varied in proportion to the size of the primary
stage unit, from a high of b=18 area segments in the SR New York SMSA to a low
of b=7 area segments in the smaller SR PSU's such as San Francisco. A total of
b=6 area segments was selected from each of the a=39 nonself-representing
(NSR) PSU's (except Houston that had 7 segments selected). A total of 303
segments were selected, 68 in the six self-representing PSU's and 235 in the
nonself-representing PSU's.

THIRD STAGE SELECTION OF HOUSING UNITS

For each area segment selected in the second sampling stage, a listing was
made of all housing units located within the physical boundaries of the
segment. For segments with a very large number of expected housing units, all
housing units in a subselected part of the segment were listed.  The final
equal probability sample of housing units for the 1990 NES was systematically
selected from the housing unit listings for the sampled area segments.

The overall probability of selection for 1990 NES households was f=.00003761
or .3761 in 10,000.  The equal probability sample of households was achieved
by using the standard multi-stage sampling technique of setting the sampling
rate for selecting housing units within area segments to be inversely
proportional to the PPS probabilities (see above) used to select the PSU and
area segment.

FOURTH STAGE RESPONDENT SELECTION 

Within each sampled housing unit, the SRC interviewer prepared a complete
listing of all eligible household members.  Using an objective procedure
described by Kish[3] (1949), a single respondent was then selected at random
to be interviewed.  Regardless of circumstances, no substitutions were
permitted for the designated respondent.

SAMPLE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
                                   Table 4
            Ŀ
                            1990 NATIONAL POST-ELECTION SURVEY               
                   ORIGINAL SAMPLE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS     
 
                             AND ACTUAL SAMPLE DESIGN OUTCOMES               
 
                                                                             
 
                                                Original                     
 
                                             Specifications     Actual       
 
                                             and Assumptions    Outcome      
 
                                                                             
 
               Completed interviews               1,750          2,004       
 
                                                                             
 
                  Response Rate                     .68           .714       
 
                                                                             
 
               Eligible sample households         2,573          2,808       
 
                                                                             
 
                  Occupancy/Eligibility Rate*       .87           .802       
 
                                                                            
               Final sample HU listings           3,256          3,503       
 
                                                                             
     

                  Sample growth from update**      1.05          1.068       
     
                                                                             
     

               Sample listings from frame         3,100          3,280       
     

             

* EXPECTED ELIGIBILITY (.97) X OCCUPANCY (.90)

** SINCE THE UPDATING PROCESS PRODUCES ABOUT A 5% INCREASE IN SAMPLE
LINES OVER THE COUNT ELECTED FROM THE NATIONAL SAMPLE SYSTEM, THE
UPDATE INFLATION FACTOR WAS SET AT 1.05.

The targeted minimum completed interview sample size for the 1990 NES
Post-Election Survey was n=1,750 cases.  In the original sample size
computation, the following assumptions were made: response rate = .68,
combined occupancy/eligibility rate = .83.  These assumptions were derived
from survey experience in the 1986 NES Post Election Survey.  Table 4
provides a full description of the original sample design specifications.

SAMPLE DESIGN OUTCOMES

In comparing the design stage expectations in the first column of Table 4 with
the actual survey outcomes in the second column, it can be seen that the
sample growth from the update procedure was slightly higher than expected.
Also, the original sample design specifications overestimated the
occupancy/eligibility rates and underestimated the response rate for the
actual survey. Design stage assumptions for the study response rate and
occupancy/eligibility rate were based on the rates obtained in the 1986
Post-Election Survey.

The actual occupancy/eligibility rate for the 1990 NES Post- Election Survey
(.802) was somewhat lower than the rate obtained in the 1986 NES Post-Election
Survey
(.835). The response rate for 1990 (.714) was higher than the 1986 NES
Post-Election
Survey response rate of .677 or the 1988 NES Pre-election response rate of
.705.

The original area probability sample for the 1990 NES was selected as a basic
sample replicate of 3280 sample HU listings. n the Post-Election surveys the
elapsed time between Election Day and the date of interview is a critical
design consideration. Since timing is so critical, the option of using a
replicated sample approach to control final study sample size has little
utility.  In order to ensure that no fewer than a minimum of 1750 completed
interviews would be obtained within the study time frame, the initial size of
the basic sample replicate was increased from the expected 3100 to 3280
listings (approximately a 5% increase). In addition, 6.8% sample growth from
SRC's standard sample update procedure increased the size of the final sample
to n=3503 housing units listings.  Due to the deliberate increase in sample
size and higher than expected response rate, the final number of completed
interviews (n=2004) was approximately 14.5% higher than the minimum interview
target specified for the survey.

WEIGHTED ANALYSIS OF 1990 NES DATA

The area probability sample design for the 1990 NES results in an equal
probability sample of U.S. households.  However, within sample households a
single adult respondent is chosen at random to be interviewed.  Since the
number of eligible adults may vary from one household to another, the random
selection of a single adult introduces inequality into respondents' selection
probabilities.  In analysis, a respondent selection weight should be used to 
compensate for these unequal selection probabilities.  The value of the
respondent selection weight is exactly equal to the number of eligible adults
in the household from which the random respondent was selected. The use of the
respondent selection weight is strongly encouraged, despite past evaluations
that have shown these weights to have little significant impact on the values
of NES estimates of descriptive statistics.
 
The current policy of the National Election Studies is not to include in
public use data sets special analysis weights designed to compensate for 
nonresponse or to post-stratify the sample to known population distribution
controls. Analysts interested in developing their own nonresponse or
post-stratification adjustment factors must request access to the necessary
sample control data from the NES Board.

SAMPLING ERRORS OF 1990 NES ESTIMATES

Sampling Error Calculation Programs

The probability sample design for the 1990 National Election Study permits the
calculation of estimates of sampling error for survey statistics.  For
calculating sampling errors of statistics from complex sample surveys, the
OSIRIS statistical analysis and data management software system offers the
PSALMS and REPERR programs. PSALMS is a general purpose sampling error program
that incorporates the Taylor Series approximation approach to the estimation
of variances of ratios (including means, scale variables, indices,proportions)
and their differences.  REPERR is an OSIRIS program that incorporates
algorithms for replicated approaches to variance estimation. Both Balanced
Repeated Replication (BRR) and Jackknife Repeated Replication (JRR) are
available as program options. The current version of REPERR is best suited for
estimating sampling errors and design effects for regression and correlation
statistics.

Sampling Error Codes and Calculation Model

Estimation of variances for complex sample survey estimates requires a
computation model. Individual data records must be assigned sampling error
codes that reflect thecomplex structure of the sample and are compatible with
the computation algorithms of the various programs.  The sampling error codes
for the 1990 NES are included as a variable in the ICPSR  Public Use data set. 
The assigned sampling error codes are designed to facilitate sampling error
computation according to a paired selection model for both Taylor Series
approximation and Replication method programs.

Table 5 provides a description of how individual sampling error code values
are to be paired for sampling error computations.  Thirty (30) pairs or strata
of sampling error computation units (SECU's) are defined.  Each SECU in a
stratum pair includes cases assigned to a single sampling error code value. 
The exceptions are the second SECU in stratum 27 that is comprised of cases
assigned sampling code values 36 and 55 and the second SECU in stratum 29 that
is comprised of cases with SECU's 61 and 63.

  Generalized Sampling Error Results for the 1990 NES

To assist NES data analysts, the OSIRIS PSALMS program was used to compute
sampling errors for a wide-ranging set of means and proportions estimated from
NES survey data sets. For each estimate, sampling errors were computed for the
total sample and for fifteen demographic and  political affiliation subclasses
of NES samples.  The results of these sampling error computations were then
summarized and translated into the general usage sampling error table provided
in Table 6. Incorporating the pattern of "design effects" observed in the
extensive set of example computations, Table 6 provides approximate standard
errors for percentage estimates based on the 1990 NES.  To use the table,
examine the column heading to find the percentage value that best approximates
the value of the estimated percentage that is of interest.[4] Next, locate the
approximate sample size base (denominator for the proportion) in the left-hand
row margin of the table. To find the approximate standard error of a
percentage estimate, simply cross-reference the appropriate column
(percentage) and row (sample size base).  Note: the tabulated values represent
approximately one standard error for the percentage estimate.  To construct an
approximate confidence interval, the analyst should apply the appropriate
critical point from the "z" distribution (e.g. z=1.96 for a two-sided 95%
confidence interval half-width). Furthermore, the approximate standard errors
in the table apply only to single point estimates of percentages, not to the
difference between two percentage estimates.
 
The generalized variance results presented in Table 6 are a useful tool for
initial, cursory examination of the NES survey results.  For more in-depth
analysis and reporting of critical estimates, analysts are encouraged to
compute exact estimates of standard errors using the appropriate choice of a
sampling error program and computation model.

                  Table 5 Ŀ
                                1990 NES POST-ELECTION SURVEY                
 
                   PAIRED SELECTION MODEL FOR SAMPLING ERROR COMPUTATIONS    
  
                                                                             
  
                             Pair         (SECU)         (SECU)              
  
                           (Stratum)      1 of 2         2 of 2              
  
                                           Codes          Codes              
  
                                                                             
  
                               1            103            104               
  
                               2            105            106               
  
                               3             99            100               
  
                               4            101            102               
  
                               5             95             96               
  
                               6             97             98               
  
                               7             93             94               
  
                               8             91             92               
  
                               9             89             90               
  
                              10             83             84               
  
                              11             81             82               
  
                              12             77             78               
  
                              13             75             76               
  
                              14             73             74               
  
                              15              2              6               
  
                              16              7              8               
  
                              17             14             16               
  
                              18             17             18               
  
                              19             19             21               
  
                              20             24             28               
  
                              21             63             65               
  
                              22             30             33               
  
                              23             37             43               
  
                              24             40             48               
  
                              25             42             45               
  
                              26             50             51               
  
                              27             52          36 + 55             
  
                              28             57             64               
  
                              29             60          61 + 63             
  
                              30             67             68               
  
                 
               Table 6 Ŀ 
    
               1990 NES POST-ELECTION SURVEY -- GENERALIZED VARIANCE TABLE   
    
                           APPROXIMATE STANDARD ERRORS FOR PERCENTAGES       
    
                                                                             
    
                                  For percentage estimates near:             
    
                                                                            
                  Sample n   50%      40% or    30% or    20% or    10% or   
    
                                      60%       70%       80%       90%      
    
                                                                             
   
                      The approximate standard error of the percentage is:   
    
                                                                             
    
                     100    5.385     5.277     4.933     4.308     3.231    
    
                     200    3.912     3.824     3.581     3.128     2.343    
     
 
                     300    3.278     3.210     3.006     2.260     1.962    
     
   
                     400    2.905     2.846     2.661     2.324     1.743    
     
   
                     500    2.663     2.603     2.437     2.128     1.593    
     
                     750    2.294     2.244     2.094     1.657     1.250   
                    1000    2.078     2.039     1.907     1.657     1.250   
                    1500    1.846     1.803     1.688     1.474     1.102   
                    2000    1.722     1.691     1.568     1.368     1.030   
                    2040    1.716     1.685     1.561     1.298     1.020   
              

  IV. Vote Validation and Election Administration Survey Data

The Vote Validation study was conducted by the National Election Studies in
July of 1991 on respondents to the 1990 National Election Study (NES).  The

vote validation process basically involves sending name and address
information for respondents who say they areregistered to vote, to a Survey
Research Center (SRC) field interviewer.  She is instructed to check with the
local office at which respondents report being registered for the purpose
of locating the registration records of these respondents and ascertaining
whether or not the records show that the respondents voted in the most recent
general election. This is the eighth time that NES has done a voter validation
study.  Previous validations were done for the 1964, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1984,
1986, and 1988 Post Election Studies.


A.  The Election Administration Survey Variables

In order to conduct elections honestly, lists of eligible voters are generated
by each election office, with each voter assigned to one and only one
precinct. Therefore, for the purpose of registration and voting, an individual
must be associated with one and only one address, belonging in one and only
one electoral jurisdiction.
 
Since NES respondents come from a national area probability sample, a large
number of different election offices are included in the validation study,
usually over 100.  The jurisdiction of these election offices is usually the
county but in New England and a few  other states, registration and voting
records are maintained at a local level, including townships.

Because of the diversity in record keeping and access across these many
offices, the vote validation data has two conceptual parts.  The most obvious
part is the result of the record check for individual respondents.  The other
part may perhaps be labeled "contextual" data, for these variables describe
the search procedure and the records themselves.

Variables describing the records and the search procedure are included because
the relationship between the respondent's report and what is found or not
found in official records is not necessarily a straightforward one. One view
of the matching process is that the official records are always correct, and
that in the event of discrepancy, the respondent must have "misreported" his
or her behavior.  Another view is that the records themselves are but another
form of measurement of a particular behavior, and as such, are subject to
measurement error. So, for example, the computerized transcription of poll
records, which are the records that have been checked in most offices, could
be inaccurate.  The situation is made more complex by the fact that there
appears to be an irreducible minimum proportion of respondents for whom a
record of registration cannot be located at all, and logically, it is
difficult if not impossible to say that this negative finding demonstrates
beyond doubt that respondents are NOT registered.  It is always possible that
with a "better" search, a more accurate spelling of the person's name, a
correct understanding of where the person is actually registered, the record
would have been located.

It is important to note also that the search is conducted by human beings,
specifically by SRC interviewers, who are trained in survey methods but not in
records management, and who may themselves vary in terms of their
understanding of the records, their pertinacity, the thoroughness by which
every avenue in the records is explored, and so on.  In an attempt to
understand the role of the interviewer herself in this process,
NES RE-validated the 1988 respondents as part of the 1991 vote validation
study.  The notion was that if there are interviewer effects, these would show
up as different interviewers conduct record checks on the same people in the
same offices.  The re-validation of 1988 respondents will be released in a
separate study, but the 1988 vote information was gathered for 1990
respondents as well, and is included in this dataset.

In summary, it seemed imperative to give the user information not only about
WHAT was found, but what the records themselves and the search was like, so
that the user can make some evaluation of whether record-respondent
discrepancies cluster in particular patterns of record keeping or search.[5]

Information about the records, and the search process, was coded from several
sources.  First, the SRC interviewer who did the records check administered a
brief (10-15 minute) questionnaire to an official in the records office asking
specifically about how the records were organized.  The purpose of this
interaction was for the interviewer to gain information to enable her to
conduct the records search efficiently.

Second, as the interviewer went on to fill out the forms recording the results
of individual record checks, that is, to actually use the records that had
been described, her understanding of the records often changed, sometimes by
the discovery of additional sources not originally described to her.  These
discoveries were annotated on the forms themselves, rather than on the office
interview.  The NES staff reviewed all of the individual record check forms
from a particular office in conjunction with the election official's
questionnaire.

A third source of information, used somewhat tentatively because of the
possibility of change in the intervening time, was the previous interviews
conducted in the same office.  (NES has been in the same sample frame since
1984, and many of these offices have been visited three previous times.) These
interviews were used to elucidate points that were not clear.  Finally, for
between 20-30% of the offices, various points remained unclear and the offices
and/or the SRC interviewers were called by the NES staff for further
information.

All of these sources were used in the coding of the election office variables
(757-803).  The chief focus of the office variables is in what sources were
actually used by the interviewer, and how they were used.  The data do not
describe in detail all of the records that the office keeps. These election
administration variables differ in focus from previous codings of office
variables, where the interest was in describing the office records themselves,
rather than those used.  The reason for this is that as staff read
through the materials, they were struck by how frequently sources that were
theoretically available were not used because they were not readily
accessible.  For example, the office might have a computerized system for
keeping track of registrants.  But, it is in another building, and
interviewers don't have access to it on anything but printouts.  Or, the
computer is "down." Often, poll books are stored off-site, and offices are
reluctant to retrieve them for inspection, claiming that "everything on them
is on the computer." Hence, while the office interview schedule itself is
attached as part of the documentation, the user should be aware that the
office variables are not a direct transcription from this questionnaire, but
rather address the somewhat different question of what sources were actually
used.

B.  Preparation of the Record Check Forms for each Respondent

Coversheets are prepared for each respondent who is to be "validated" and one
individual record check form is filled out for each coversheet sent to the
field.  Coversheets are assigned to particular offices.  Starting with the
validation study conducted in 1984, NES has attempted to locate the
registration record only for those respondents who tell staff  that they are
registered.  In thinking about locating those who do claim to be registered,
staff know that people are registered at one and, in theory, only one
locality, under a specific name.[6]

Therefore, staff need to know exactly where a person is registered, and to
have a "good-enough" spelling of the person's name so that they can be
located.  When a registration record can't be found for a person, the
conclusion that therefore they are not registered is difficult to defend
against the proposition that the respondent is not findable because staff do
not have the correct NAME for the respondent or that the respondent is for
some reason registered in a different locality than where h/she was
interviewed.
 
The best way, perhaps the only way, to defend against this threat to the
external validity of the record check, is to reduce the number of persons
claiming to be registered for whom staff cannot find a record.  That in turn
has come to mean in practice: a) questions on the interview schedule about
exactly where a person is registered and where h/her polling place is; b)
intensive review by staff of this information plus recontact information and
of the spelling of a person's name as it was entered when the coversheet was
originally logged in; and c) preparation of "coversheets" for each respondent
that also include information about whether the person has recently changed
their name, has a listed telephone number, family composition and residential
mobility.  (Interviewers are NOT told whether or not the respondent reported
voting.)[7]

C.  Special Problems in Assignment of Respondents to Offices
 
For a variety of reasons, 5-10% of those saying that they are registered to
vote also tell staff that they are not registered in the jurisdiction in which
they were interviewed. In our mobile society, it sometimes takes a while for
registration address to catch up with actual living address. Or, as in the
case of college students or live-in domestic help, people may have a different
perception of where they actually live, where their home is, than is
contemplated in the rules of sample selection (does this person spend most
nights in a week at this address, etc., etc.)  Some people are registered in
counties that do not fall in our sample. Appropriate offices for these
individuals were identified and the respondent's record check was conducted by
an SRC field interviewer calling that office.  Usually but not always, the
offices so contacted were cooperative, but the user should be aware that
this form of checking is necessarily less thorough than that done in person in
an election office in which an interview has been conducted.  A code of "999"
in variable Variable 714 indicates that the record check was conducted over
the telephone.
 
Occasionally, staff sent out a record check form to more than one office for a
single individual, when it was difficult to tell in which locale a person was
most likely to be registered.  If this happened, the differences between the
forms were reconciled so that the data contain only one validation record per
respondent.

D.  The Lookup Process
If election offices share a common central mission, that of conducting
elections without fraud, they also display a bewildering variety of terms for
similar procedures, to say nothing of widely different procedures to achieve
the same ends.  There are places with  numerous versions of sophisticated
computer tracking, and places with one set of poll ledgers.  The supervisors
of these offices can be highly professional, or, in one or two cases, obvious
political appointees.  Some offices boast the latest in computer technology,
including digitized signatures and bar codes over which a wand can be passed
to register that a person has voted; while others make do with signatures and
initials on the original registration card.  We have validated in
jurisdictions having voters numbering in the millions and thousands of
precincts and in places where there is one precinct with several hundred
registrants.

Each year staff face the difficulty of trying to train survey interviewers how
to diagnose the intricacies of records management in the offices they are
likely to encounter, so that they can efficiently use ALL the sources
potentially available to them in the actual lookup process. In 1984, staff hit
upon the strategy of conducting an interview with an election official, prior
to actually looking up the records, so that the look-up person would have a
detailed idea of what records were available to her. Each time this is done,
staff struggle to improve the office questionnaire so that it will better lead
the naive interviewer through the maze of different office procedures.
 
Although NES staff is somewhat removed from the complexities of each
individual office, they try to write some general instructions to guide the
interviewers in the lookup process.  For this study, the task of the
interviewer was described to them as first FINDING a record that they were
reasonably sure was the respondent's; then, ascertaining what the record
showed about whether the respondent voted or did not vote in the general
elections of 1990 and 1988.  It was explained that all offices maintain a list
of who is registered in their jurisdiction.  From this master list, all
offices send to each polling place a list in some form of who is eligible to
vote at that voting place.  When people vote, some mark is made to indicate
that they have done so (to reduce the possibility of fraud, following the time
honored rule of one person, one vote.) Information about whether a person did
or did not vote may or may not be posted back to the master office list of who
is registered. There are many variations on this schemata; for example, some
offices divide the master list (which is on cards) into precinct binders and
send these out to the polls where they are marked.)  Thus, the master list is
also the poll book. The general outline, however, is simple.
 
Based on this general outline, and assuming that most offices post vote
information back to the registration record, interviewers were to look first
at the master registration record for evidence that R had voted.  If the
record did not show that R voted, they were to look at the original poll
books, to the extent they were available, for some further indication of vote. 
(Historiographers will recognize the distinction between primary and
secondary sources, one that has been slow to dawn on staff as survey
researchers.)  One example will illustrate the importance of primary sources. 
An interviewer happened to be a registered voter in a county where she was
looking up 1990 respondents. She noted that many more respondents appeared to
have voted in 1990 than in 1988.  She thought this was strange. Accordingly,
she looked up her own record for 1988, and found that the computer did not
show her as voting, although she had.  It didn't show her son or husband as
voting either, although they voted with her.  The original poll records,
however, showed she and her family as voting.  It turned out that there had
been a sizeable transcription error in this office in 1988.
 
As the NES staff evaluated what was received back from interviewers, both
record check forms and election official interviews, it was clear that in many
offices original sources were not used, ei ther because they were not made
available to the  interviewer (sometimes they are destroyed after information
has been posted to the computer) or because the interviewer did not press for
access to these sources.  Also, some interviewers went about their task in a
way exactly contrary to instructions, i.e., they looked first at the poll
records, and then searched the registration records for people they couldn't
locate.  Thet rouble with this strategy is that some nontrivial proportion of
people are not registered to vote in the precinct in which they were
interviewed; rather they vote somewhere else in the same jurisdiction. 
Starting with the poll books means considerably more going back and forth
between registration records and poll records; in this process, it is much
more difficult for the interviewer with a sizeable number of cases in an
office to keep track of exactly which sources she has or has not used in a
particular case.[8]

The post-fieldwork staff evaluation process was extremely time-consuming and
inefficient.  When NES next undertakes voter validation, hopefully in 1993,
they are convinced that the process of training interviewers to work in
specific offices will have to be significantly revised, building both on the
knowledge gained over the last several vote validations of the way in which
registration records are managed and with the assistance of records management
specialists.  As staff come closer to the real possibility of a 1992 vote
validation study, they intend also, to the extent that the budget permits, to
seek advice from a planning committee consisting of scholars interested in
this topic.

E.  Contents of the Data

Records for 1990 respondents who were not validated have been "padded" with
missing data codes.

 The data contain variables from several sources.  These are:

     1.   Variables from the individual record check form filled out by the
          interviewer in  the election office.  (Variables 712-755)
     2.   Summary variables combining self-report and the result of the record
          check.  (Variable 756)
     3.   Variables describing the sources used and the search procedure in
          the election records office in which the respondent's record was
          looked up.   

(Variables 757-803).

F.  Vote Validation Study Staff

          Santa Traugott NES Project Manager 
          Giovanna Morchio    Study Manager, NES 
          Fran Eliot          Research Assistant, NES 
          Heather Hewett      Study Manager, SRC/Field Section

 ------------------


FOOTNOTES:

           [1] Technical description of the 1990 National Election Study
 Sample Design prepared by the Sampling Section of the Survey Research Center,
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, February 1991.

           [2] In SRC publications and survey materials, the term "primary
area" is used interchangeably with the more common "primary stage unit"
terminology.

           [3] L. Kish, "A Procedure for Objective Respondent Selection Within
the Household" JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 44
(1949): 380-387.

           [4] The standard error of a percentage is a symmetric function with
its maximum centered at p=50%; i.e., the standards errors of p=40% and
p=60% estimates are equal.

           [5] This view has been evolving within NES for some period of time. 
The following technical reports, papers, and other memoranda trace
this development:  Traugott, S. (1989) "Validating Self-Reported
Vote, 1964-1988"; Presser, S., S. Traugott, and M. Traugott (1990),
"Vote 'Over' Reporting in Surveys: The Records or the Respondents"; Presser,
S., M. Traugott, and S. Traugott (1991), "Extending Methodological
Development of Survey Response Errors for Voting"; and Traugott, S. and G.
Morchio (1991), "1990 Vote Validation." Any of these papers or reports are
available by contacting NES project staff.

           [6] A few respondents told interviewers that they were registered,
but were very vague about exactly where, e.g., "in upstate New York
where I used to live."  No attempt was made to locate records for such
respondents. In a few other cases, the interviewers misunderstood instructions
about which offices they were to contact to validate the respondent.  These
cases are treated as "non-validated."

           [7] In 1990, staff actually sent out records for respondents who
had not given their names but who had indicated that they were registered. 
In many cases, it was possible to find someone of matching age and
gender living at the same address at which the respondent was interviewed.  If
no such match was made, however, the person's validation data was treated as
"missing."   

           [8] In fairness to the interviewers, it should be said that they
are entirely dependent on the good will of the people assisting them in any
given office.  Often, these people had an understandable interest in
minimizing the time devoted to helping the interviewers and the interviewers
were reluctant to press them with time-consuming requests for original
sources.  In retrospect, the NES staff needed to do much more to prepare
the offices and the interviewers regarding resources needed to complete the
lookup task.




>> Original 1991 Study Introductory Documentation


A.  STUDY DESCRIPTION

1.  The Panel Study on the Political Consequences of War 

This study was intitially thought about as the 1991 Pilot Study, the next
in sequence in a series of NES Pilot Studies which have been conducted in the
biennial "off-years" since 1979, and which have become the standard mode by
which new areas of interest are explored and new instrumentation developed.
(See November 26, 1990 stimulus letter from Chair Tom Mann.)   Pilot Studies
typically involve re-interviews with a subset of respondents from the most
recently completed Post-Election study. 

When the Board of Overseers met in early February of 1991, to consider
responses to this stimulus letter,  a consensus rapidly developed that with
the 1990 National Election Studies Post-Election study completed before the
outbreak of hostilities in the Persian Gulf, NES was particularly well
positioned to carry out a panel study of the consequences of war. 
Accordingly, the NES Board of Overseers reconceptualized the 1991 study as the
second wave of a panel study focusing on the political consequences of the
war, with the first wave of the study being the 1990 Post-Election Study.  By
interviewing respondents before the war broke out, a few months after
hostilities ended, and hopefully again in the weeks after the 1992 elections
(Additional funding will be sought for a third wave of the panel) we have a
powerful opportunity to assess the short term and the longer term impact of
war on national politics and public opinion.  As NES Board Chair, Thomas Mann,
stated in his stimulus letter of February 25, 1991 (see letter for full text):

"...Understanding the public's assessment of the war is a way station on
the road to the more important objective of understanding how war shapes the
future course of national politics.  The implications are many.  The war might
affect isolationist sentiment; the military's claim on the federal budget;
views on dissent and protest; patriotism; the level of internal discord; the
relative appeal of various democratic challengers in 1992; confidence in
government; alterations in national priorities; racial and ethnic conflict;
and more."

A panel study committee was convened in early April to lay out thirty
minutes of content for the Consequences of War study.  This committee, chaired
by David Leege, University of Notre Dame, (See full list of study committee
members) decided upon a subset of questions from the 1990 study which needed
to be repeated in the 1991 Study:   

                     APPROVAL RATINGS OF BUSH/SENATORS/REP./CONGRESS
                     THERMOMETERS
                     PARTY ID
                     MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEMS FACING THE COUNTRY
                     DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PARTIES
                     WHETHER OR NOT THE COLD WAR IS ENDING
                     ASSISTANCE TO E. EUROPE
                     WAS IT THE RIGHT THING TO SEND MILITARY TO GULF
                     BUSH HANDLING OF GULF CRISIS
                     PARTY DIFFERENCES ON TAXES, THE ECONOMY, AND FOREIGN
                      AFFAIRS
                     LIBERAL/CONSERVATIVE PLACEMENTS
                     PERSONAL AND NATIONAL ECONOMIC WELL-BEING
                     DEFENSE SPENDING PLACEMENTS
                     HAS THE U.S. POSITION IN THE WORLD GROWN WEAKER OR
                      STRONGER 
                     TRUST IN GOVERNMENT
                     WORRY ABOUT CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR WAR

The Panel Study Committee crafted for the 1991 Study a number of additional
items especially relevant to the Gulf War conflict:

                FOREIGN POLICY GOALS
               * CONGRESSIONAL TERM LIMITATIONS
                DID ONE PARTY SUPPORT USE OF FORCE MORE THAN THE OTHER
               * RECALL OF RESPONDENT'S OWN POSITION ON THE WAR RESOLUTION
                RESPONDENT'S PERSONAL FEELINGS DURING THE WAR
               * MORALITY OF BOMBING NEAR CIVILIANS
                ATTENTION PAID TO THE WAR
               * ATTENTION TO RELIGIOUS BROADCASTS
                OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS ON GOOD/BAD OUTCOMES OF THE WAR
               * WAS WAR WORTH THE COSTS
                FRIENDS OR RELATIVES IN THE PERSIAN GULF CRISIS
               * AID TO THE KURDS
                CORRECT TO STOP WHILE SADDAM STILL IN POWER
               * DID SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVE VOTE FOR OR AGAINST WAR
                 RESOLUTION


2.  The 1991 Pilot Study

While placing special emphasis on the panel study of the political
consequences of war, the Board of Overseers explicitly did not wish to forego
the pilot aspects of the off-year study, so a full-fledged pilot study is also
embedded within the 1990-1991 Panel study.  This was made possible by the
decision to empanel every (or almost every -- see below, Study Administration)
respondent to the 1990 Election Study.  With an estimated minimum of 1200
respondents, it was possible to have three Forms for the Pilot Study, each of
which would be about 10 minutes in length and a ministered to about 400
respondents.  The average interview length (assuming Panel study content
administered to all respondents of 30 minutes) would then be 40 minutes, a
tolerable respondent burden which would produce, over the three forms, 30
minutes of Pilot Study content.  Chaired by Mary Jackman of the University
of California at Davis, the Pilot Committee designed the three sections to
include the material listed below.

FORM ONE includes items related to Ethnic Politics, as proposed by Prof.
Jack Citrin. These include:

           Qualities that make someone an American
           Make English the official language
           Bilingual education
           Reserving jobs for minorities
           Should immigration levels be increased/decreased/left the same 
           Impact of growing Hispanic population
           Should racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct
            identities, or blend into the larger society

FORM TWO items related to Gender and were proposed by Profs. Virginia
Sapiro and Pam Conover, in consultation with a number of other scholars.  They
include:

           Attention paid to issues affecting women
           Feminist identification
           Ways for women to improve their position
           Women and the draft
           Requiring business to provide paid maternity leave   
           Does respondent focus attention mostly on home or work
           Views on the actual and the desired levels  of power and
            influence of men and women in gov.and politics; business and
            industry; and families.


FORM THREE items are a potpourri from several sources, as noted below. 

      Favor building more nuclear power plants; protecting endangered
       species or jobs (BOARD)
      Social Security and Medicaid/medical care for the elderly (Prof.
       Leonie Huddy)
      Social Altruism (Mr. Steven Knack):
               - Charitable contributions  
               - Did respondent participate voluntarily in the Census 
               - Does respondent do any volunteer work
               - Trust in people
               - Did Respondent vote in last election
               - Social interaction with neighbors/friends/family
               - Would respondent serve on a jury if called
      Political knowledge  (Profs. Michael Delli Carpini and Scott Keeter)

In addition to the above data, the study staff has added a number of
contextual variables to the dataset.  A group of summary variables combine the
respondent's recall of his/her Senator's and Representative's vote on the use
of force with that Congressperson's actual vote.  Also, 1980 county-level
census data on race have been added to assist in analysis of the Form One 
data.  These variables focus on the Hispanic population in the county.

B.  STUDY CHARACTERISTICS AND ADMINISTRATION 

The 1990-1991 Panel/1991 Pilot Study was a telephone reinterview of
respondents to the NES 1990 Post-Election Study.  Interviewing for the study
was carried out by the Telephone Facility of the Survey Research Center, the
Institute for Social Research.

           Field period was June 4, 1991 -- July 31, 1991
           Average interview length was 42 minutes
           1385 interviews were taken 
           Survey cooperation (response rate) was 78% (See below)
           An experiment in response incentives was done (See below,
            Response Incentives)
           Three Forms were used (see below, Form Assignment)
           The study was CATI -- there is no paper version of the
            Questionnaire

1. Response Rate calculations

This is a Panel Study, and response rate calculations are somewhat different
than those for an initial contact study.  In one sense, there is no
"non-sample" since every one of the 2000 persons we originally interviewed in
1990 is, by definition, eligible for a reinterview.  We reinterviewed 1385 of
these 2000 respondents to the 1990 study, for a strictly construed reinterview
rate of 69.3%.  Some of the 615 respondents who were not reinterviewed are
accounted for by "panel mortality" -- respondents who move and cannot be
located, or die.  Some are effectively non-sample for the purposes of a
telephone reinterview: they are extremely hard of hearing, or we cannot reach
them by telephone (unlisted and refused telephone numbers; no telephone in the
home and no recontact person with a telephone, et al.)  Those who needed to be
interviewed in a language other than English were also treated as non-sample. 
Of the 615 respondents we did NOT reinterview, 223 are "non-sample."

392 respondents from the 1990 Study either refused to be reinterviewed,
or could not cooperate because they were ill or for some other reason
physically unable to complete a telephone interview.  It should be noted that
included among these 392 respondents are some who did not have a telephone and
who we attempted to reach by passing messages through a recontact person for
whom we did have a telephone number.  (Respondents to NES interviews are
routinely asked to give us the name of someone who will know how to reach
them.)  Cases such as these are normally not included in the Pilot Study
samples, but were included for this study in the interests of maximizing the
number of cases interviewed now and available for reinterview
in 1992.  A cooperation rate, which excludes the 223 unlocatable cases, is
calculated at 78% (1385/1777). 

This cooperation, or response rate, compares very favorably with those of
past pilot studies, in which respondents deemed hard to interview over the
telephone and/or without telephones in their homes were eliminated in advance
from the sample.  While we don't know what accounts for "good" response rates,
we did do some carefuladvance contacting of respondents, to ensure that a)
they could be located in June and July and b) they would be predisposed to
give us a reinterview.  A "Thank-You" letter for their participation in the
1990 Study was mailed in early March.  A respondent report (a brief
description of some 1990 study results) reached them in early May.  Finally, a
response incentives experiment was performed, which involved still a third
contact with about 1200 of the 2000 respondents to the 1990 study.  This
experiment is described below.

2. Response Incentives Experiment

At the suggestion of the Survey Operations Group in the Survey Research
Center, the Board of Overseers agreed to implement a small response incentives

experiment in the Pilot Study.  We eliminated from the experiment those who
did not have good mailing addresses, or who we would normally have eliminated
from an RDD sample -- i.e., they had no phones.

The remaining respondents were divided into four roughly equal groups:
those who received no advance communication from NES; those who received a
letter saying that we would be calling for an interview shortly; those who
received a letter and a pen with a University of Michigan logo and 4) those
who received an advance letter and $1.

An analysis of the results will be forthcoming from the Survey Operations
Group and will be part of the NES 1991 Pilot Study Reports.

3. Form Assignment

When the Board began planning for this study, we were budgeted for about
40 minutes of interview time.  Since we needed 30 minutes for the Panel
component of the study, and had about 30 minutes of suggested new
instrumentation, we had to divide the pilot study instrumentation into 3 forms
of 10 minutes apiece.  This form assignment was based on the assignment to
forms in the 1990 election study, which itself had a Form A and a Form B. Form
A, in the 1990 study, incorporated batteries of items on "values" --
individualism, equalitarianism, attitudes toward racial matters, etc.  Form B
included items relating to partisan differences, and some foreign policy
questions.  Also, it contained the standard "women's role" seven-point scale.  

It was decided by the Pilot Study Committee that analysis of Form One
items (those relating to attitudes toward immigration) on the Pilot required
respondents from Form A of the 1990 Post Election Study, and that analysis of
Form Two (gender-related) instrumentation should be done on respondents to
Form B of the Post-Election Study.  Accordingly, the form assignment was done
such that two/thirds of the Form A respondents were assigned to Form One in
the Pilot Study; two/thirds of the Form B respondents were assigned to Form
Two; and the remaining one/third in each of 1990 Study's Form A and Form B
were assigned to the Pilot Study Form Three.  The partitioning of the Forms A
and B into thirds was done randomly, and the initial assignment to Form A and
Form B in the 1990 study was random.


4.  Organization and Documentation of the Dataset

Data for all of the variables and all of the cases in the first wave of
the panel, i.e., the 1990 Post-election Study, are included in this dataset. 
Please note that this means that although there are 1385 respondents to the
second wave of this panel, there are actually 2000 records in the Panel/Pilot
dataset; one for each respondent to the 1990 Post-election Study Survey. 
Respondents in the 1990 study who were not re-interviewed in the 1991 wave are
assigned missing data codes on the 1991 variables.



The 1990-1991-1992 Election Studies Panel  

This dataset consists of the 1,980 National Election Study respondents
who were interviewed following the November 1990 general election, and
subsequently reinterviewed one, two, or three timesin the 1991 Panel/Pilot
Study and/or the 1992 Pre/Post National Election Study. (1)

Of the original 1,980 respondents to the 1990 Election Study, 1,359 were
reinterviewed in the i992 Pre/Post Election Study, in order to trace the
fortunes of the Bush Presidency, from the post Gulf- war heights to his
November defeat and to be in a position to study the the origins of the
Clinton and Perot coalitions.

The 1991 Pilot Study, another in the series of research Bud development
instrumentation studies conducted by the NES in odd-numbered years and based
typically on empaneling a subset of the previous Election study's respondents,
became a full-nedged peel study on the Consequences of War. We attempted to
reinterview every respondent in the 1990 Election Study. Thus, each
participant in the 1991 Panel/Pilot study fN = 1383) was a respondent in the
1990 Election Study. That study was carried out in June-July 1991, with the
stated intent of studying the Political Consequences of the Gulf War, in
combination with piloting new items for the 1992 study.

All of the 1991 respondents received 30 minutes of questions centering
Mound their reactions to the Gulf Wu. The pilot component was handled by
dividing the sample into thirds Bud administering each third about 10 minutes
of content. Content ureas were gender, ethnicity, medical care for the elderly
and social altruism.

It is important to understand that, for the 1992 Pre/Post Election Study,
an attempt was made to reinterview all of the 1990 respondents, regardless of
whether they hod given us on intcrvtew in 1991. Thus, while there were 1383
panel respondents in 1991 Bud 1359 peel respondents in 1992, only 106O
respondents were interviewed in all three studies. Variable 7002 assigns
values to each of these combinations.

TABLE 1: Distribution of Panel Cases by Waves

1990 NES only                             298
1990 NES and 1991 Panel/Pilot             323
1990 NES and 1992 NES (Pre Only)           34
1990 NES and 1992 NES (Pre&Post)          265
1990,1991,1992 NES (Pre-only in 1992)      75
1990,1991,1992 NES (Pre&Post)             985

TOTAL                                    1980


(l)  During the conduct of the 1992 Eleclion Study, it was determined that,
with the exception of one case, the enire production of 1990 interviews by one
interviewer was very likely fabricated in whole or in part. Also, several 1990
respondents were actually not eligible lo be interviewed, since they were not
citizens. In total, 20 respondents were dropped from the dataset. Their case
numbers are given at Variable 4, in the documentation.


Panel file versus 1992 Pre/Post Enhanced File

The 1992 Pre/Post Election Study itself was not simply an extension of
the 1990/1991 panel study. Instead, panel respondents were supplemented with
fresh cross-section sample of respondents drawn from the same sample frame.
(The cross-section Pre election N is 1126.) Together, the fresh cross section
and panel respondents form a national cross-section, in which the design
difference between the 1992 cross-section and, for example, the 1988 NES
Pre/Post Election Study is that 609 of the 1992 respondents have been
interviewed once, or twice, previously.

In the 1992 Pre/Post Enhanced file flCPSR #6067; released in October,
1993) the study N is 2485 (panel plus cross-section respondents) and panel
respondents have data included from their survey variables in the 1990 and
1991 studies. Thus, it is possible to use the Enhanced File to study panel 
change over time. The addition of the fresh cross-section elements, however,
allows the analyst to study panel effects -- the "training" and increased
attention to politics often presumed to follow from repeated interviewing, as
well as the affects of panel mortality -- by making comparisons with the fresh
cross section respondents, who had not been previously interviewed.

On the other hand, the 1992 Pre/Post Enhanced file does not include
respondents from 1990 who were not reinterviewed in 1992. Thus, the
traditional assessment of panel attrition cannot be carried out in the 1992
Enhanced file, but requires the 1990-1991-1992 Panel Studies File, which
basically was produced for those who are only interested in panel analsyses,
of which panel attrition is an important component. (2)

The second major difference between the 1992 Pre/Post Enhanced File and
the 1990-1991-1992 Panel file is that the Punel file includes the Pilot
component of the 199l study and the 1992 Enhanced file does not.
                                
File Organization and Structure
                                
-- Variable numbering reflects the year in which the interview was taken
Variable numbers are identical between the panel file arid the 1992 Enhanced
file.

-- Variables 1-802 Me from the 1990 Study (including Vote Validation) Vuiable
numbers have not been changed from the ICPSR Release of the 1990 NES.

-- Variables 2002-2926 are from the 1990-1991 Puel/Pilot Study. There are gaps
in the variable numbers.

--Variables 3004-4237 me the 1992 Pre-election Study Variables; Variables
5001-7002 are 1992 Post-Election Study Variables There are gaps in the
variable number series.
                                    
If a respondent was not interviewed in 1991 or 1992, his/her record is
padded with missing data for variables from that year. 

(2)  It would, of course, have been possible lo make en imegnted file
consisfing of the union of respondents to the 1990 and 1992 studies; past NES
experience with such integrated file, shows much user resistance to the
inevitable complexities of documentation and format. Users can, of course,
creste their own integrated file, by using file merging programs which allow 
union option.

Study Documentation

In Part 111 of the documemafion, a filil codebook for each wave of the
panel is inch~ded. There is one datamap (giving variable names and tape
locations); and the appendices combine and collate the studard NES Master
Coda, candidate lists and ballot cards, and lists of papers and reports. Two
elements of the documentation differ from NES usual practice: 1) Copies of the
questionnaires themselve have not been included, fbut may be found in the
individual year codebooks, or requested From NES project staff) and 2) this
introductory section is elaborated by the inclusion of the original
introductory documentation for each study in Section V of the documentation,
Addenda.

In reviewing the original introductory materials, please be aware that
study N's have changed slightly From the original releases (20 cases were
deleted From the 1990 study, with ripple effects in 1991 and 1992). Various
tables and calculations of, for example, response rate, will be very slightly
off.
    
4.  Organization and Documentation of the Dataset

Data for all of the variables and all of the cases in the first wave of the
panel, i.e., the 1990 Post-election Study, are included in this dataset.
Please note that this means that althought there are 1385 respondents to
the secdond wave of this panel, there are actually 2000 records in the
Panel/Pilot dataset; one for each respondent to the 1990 Post-election Study
Survey. Respondents in the 1990 study who were not re-interviewed in the 1991
wave are assigned missing data codes on the 1991 variables

Documentation for the 1991 Study is separate from the documentation (i.e.,
codebook) for the 1990 Election Study and is available in hard copy only.



>> BOARD OF OVERSEERS NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES MEMO, 1990

Center for Political Studies of The University of Michigan Reply to: Center
for Political Studies, Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 Fax. 313/764-3341
Bitnct: USERSGZP@UMlCHUM.BITNET

November 26, 1990



                     TO:      Colleagues Interested in the National Election
                              Studies

                     FROM:    Thomas Mann
     
In anticipation of its study of the 1992 election, the NES Board plans to
conduct in 1991 a national pilot study similar to those done in odd-numbered
years since 1983. Like its predecessors, the--l991 pilot study will be
designed to provide systematic empirical assessments of new and old measures
to be considered for future National Election Studies, in particular, of
course, the 1992 survey. Previous pilot work has proven indispensable to the
intellectual vitality of NES. Indeed, virtually all of the new questions that
have been added to the National Election Studies in recent years have first
been developed and tested in pilot work. (In all likelihood, the pilot study
will re-interview, by telephone about 450 persons randomly selected from among
respondents to the 1990 NES post election study. The empaneled respondents
will be reinterviewed in July and again in September. Two forms of the
instrument will be used to accommodate experiments).

The Board must soon begin formal planning for the 1991 pilot study. With that
in mind, we are soliciting your advice. Recommendations of all sorts are
welcome though the Board is particularly interested in proposals that take up
one or more of the following topics:

Public Policy Issues. Our conclusions about the role that issues play in
electoral choice hinges on the quality of our measures. We envision three
initiatives. First, the Board seeks recommendations on how we should refurbish
existing measures of policy preferences and where new investments in
instrumentation should be made. We are most interested in suggestions within
the domains of the environment, social welfare policy (including health care),
social policy, tax policy' and foreign Political, economic, and demographic
trends will affect the kinds of issues that are likely to grow in salience
over the next decade. The Board also seeks your help in developing
instrumentation in new issue domains including immigration policy,
bilingualism, care of the elderly, social security, energy policy, and
hazardous waste disposal.

         Although the refinement and development of new measures of public
         policy preferences is important, enhancement of the over time
         comparability in the measurement of issues remains a central
         mission of NES. Simply asking the identical survey questions year-
         to-year does not ensure comparability if the meaning and relevance
         of issues change, if the words no longer have the same political
         meaning they once did, or if the relevant issues within a policy
         domain shift. We need your advice on the strategies NES should
         employ for enhancing the comparability of policy questions over
         time.

         Gender. The core NES item on "Women's Rights" (variable #387 in
         1988) is outmoded and insensitive to contemporary gender issues.
         Although only 6 percent of the 1988 sample could bring themselves
         to endorse the sentiment that "women's place is in the home," many
         analysts of gender politics have the feeling that equality has not
         arrived. Issues revolving around gender equality and relations
         between men and women seem important in politics and NES lacks good
         measures in this domain. We would welcome your suggestions for
         pilot work on three fronts: new instrumentation to measure public
         support for the principle of gender equality; measures of gender
         consciousness; and measures of opinion on gender-related policy
         disputes (such as equal pay, abortion rights, child care, and
         gender discrimination in the work place).

         Retrospective / Performance Evaluations. Among other things,
         American presidential elections are referenda on the incumbent's
         performance in office. Up to this point, NES, and the literature
         on retrospective voting in general, have been preoccupied with
         economic performance. Of course, prosperity is important, but so
         are peace, domestic tranquility, adherence to high moral standards,
         and perhaps more. The Board invites proposals to develop
         retrospective performance questions that cover the full range of
         activities for which administrations are held accountable.
         
         Values and Predispositions. In recent years, NES has added
         batteries of questions to measure what could be called core
         political values or political predispositions. These include
         measures of egalitarianism, individualism, moral conservatism,
         patriotism, prejudice, anti-communism, personal autonomy, and
         belief in limited government. The Board is interested in
         evaluations of the various domains that have appeared on the 1988
         and 1990 studies. Has this investment been worthwhile? What is
         the relative contribution of these various values to understanding
         preferences on public policy questions and evaluations of public
         figures? How could particular measures be improved? Which items
         or domains can be safely dropped from future studies; which should
         be retained? The Board is more interested in the assessment of
         past efforts than in proposals for new measures, but would
         entertain the latter as well.

         Media and Commotion Effects. NES survey respondents are embedded
         within a political environment defined, in part, by the media and
         electoral campaigns. There are good reasons to suspect that
         political campaigns, as interpreted and transmitted by the media,
         have profound effects on the information that citizens have at
         their disposal, on the ways that citizens think about candidates
         and issues, and on the kinds of considerations that ultimately
         enter voters' decisions. The Board welcomes suggestions for new
         instrumentation that would better position the 1992 study to assess
         these effects.

         Electoral Participation. Voter turnout in U.S. national elections
         has plummeted over the last three decades at the same time that the
         level of formal schooling has increased, voter registration laws
         have been liberalized, and the electorate's interest in politics
         and sense of civic obligation to vote have remained fairly
         constant. Although turnout has dropped, other forms of electoral
         participation have not. Compared to their counterparts in the
         1950s, citizens in the 1950s were more likely to have worked for a
         party or candidate, contributed money to a political campaign, or
         tried to influence the votes of others. Current theories of
         electoral participation seem unable to solve this puzzle. The
         Board would like to support the development and testing of new
         theories of electoral participation. We also welcome specific
         suggestions for ways to improve the measurement of electoral
         participation and its causes.

         Theories of the Survey Response. Surveys not only measure public
         opinion but also shape, provoke, and occasionally create it. These
         are problems, but also opportunities. Because surveys are
         necessarily intrusive and public opinion is malleable, surveys can
         become useful tools in the investigation of how opinion is shaped
         and how it changes. In previous pilot studies, the Board has
         sponsored several ventures of this sort. Some have involved
         experimental alterations in question formulation or question order;
         others have included probes that go "underneath" the survey
         response to the ingredients of opinion. The Board invites
         proposals in this spirit that are intended to illuminate both how
         NES should put its questions and how citizens formulate their
         opinions.
         
         This is a long and varied list of topics. Quite clearly it will be
         impossible to embrace all of them in full scope in 1991, but the
         Board will do its best to accommodate as many proposals as is
         possible.
         
         If you are interested in contributing to the 1991 pilot study
         effort, please submit a memorandum of interest for Board
         consideration. Your memo should preferably take the form of a
         brief research proposal that outlines analysis of existing data
         that should be conducted, or justifies a new line of inquiry in
         theoretical or conceptual terms, or argues that current practice is
         unsatisfactory and suggests the new questions that might profitably
         be tested in the 1991 national pilot study. If you are proposing new
         instrumentation, it would be helpful if you sketched the kinds of
         analysis you would carry out with the pilot data to demostrate the
         efficacy of your items. Based on the submitted memorandas, the Board
         expects to invite some members of the NES community to assist
         directly in the detailed planning of the 1991 Pilot study, the
         analysis of the pilot data, and the subsequent presentation of
         reports and recommendations to the Board. A memo on a single topic or
         a number of topics of a separate memorandum for each topid would be
         equally welcome.

Memoranda must reach the Board by January 30, 1991. They should be mailed or
Faxed to:

Santa Traugott
National Election Studies
Institute for Social Research
P.O. Box 1248
Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248
Fax: (313) 764-3341




>> BOARD OF OVERSEERS NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES MEMO, 1991
                                 
                      NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES
   Center for Political Studies of The University of Michigan
Reply to:     Center for Political Studies, Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248
                                                      Fax 313/764-3341
                                                      Bitnet:
USERSGZP@UMICHUM.BITNET


February 25 1991


TO:    Colleagues Interested in the National Election Studies
FROM:  Thomas Mann

In response to the extraordinary events taking place in the Persian Gulf,
the NES Board of Overseers has decided to expand the 1991 Pilot Study
the second leg on a larger, three wave study focusing on the electoral
consequences ot the war. The plan is to empanel every respondent to the
1990 NES Post-Election Study, interviewing them in 1991, and again
immediately following the 1992 presidential election. Additional funding
from private foundations is being sought to support the expansion of the
1991 data gathering efforts and the 1992 wave of the panel study.
Although a substantial portion of the 1991 interview schedule will be
dedicated to this purpose, interview time also will be devoted to piloting
new survey questions. We are writing to inform you of these developments, to
sketch out the substantive themes that will be the focus of the pilot work and
that are likely to be central to the panel study, to --describe the
anticipated study design, and most importantly, to invite your suggestions and
comments. Given our tight planning schedule, we need to hear from you within
the next few weeks.


Substantive Themes for the 1991 NES Pilot Work

In response to my letter of November 16, 1990, 45 scholars submitted 26
separate proposals for pilot work to the NES Board of Overseers. The
proposals focused on a very diverse set of topics, three of which the
Board selected to be the central focus of the 1991 pilot effort: gender
(gender equality, gender consciousness, and measures of opinion on
gender-related policy disputes); ethnic politics (American and ethnic
identity as well as opinion on immigration and language rights); and
political participation (particularly the impact of social connectedness).
New questions on old age policy and knowledge of political institutions
will also be piloted.


Some Proposed Substantive Themes for the 1990-91-92 Panel Study on 
the Electoral  Consequences of War Naturally one important element of the
panel study will be a detailed investigation of the public's assessment of the
war itself. When the dust from Desert Storm settles, and elites and media
begin to sort things out and disagree, what does the American public think
happened? What do citizens know about the war? What did it accomplish? At what
price? What are the lessons, as citizens make them out, of the Gulf War?

In important respects, understanding the public's assessment of the
war is a way station on the road to the more important objective of
understanding how the war shapes the future course of national politics. The
potential implications for public opinion radiate out in many directions. The
war might well affect the strength of isolationist sentiment the military's
claim on the federal budget; views on dissent and protest; patriotism; the
level of internal discord; the relative appeal of various Democratic
challengers in 1992; confidence in government; alterations in national
priorities; racial and ethnic conflict; and more. These are important topics,
and are included within the portfolio of study objectives. But two other
themes might serve as the center of analytic attention.

First is the risk run by George Bush. Will the war strengthen the
Bush Presidency? The success of the Bush Presidency and Bush's chances for
reselection in 1992 depend enormously on voters' interpretations of the events
in the Gulf.

The second major theme is change in partisanship. Will the war
accelerate or reverse the drift towards a Republican majority? The partisan
debate that preceded the war as well as the debate that might follow could
alter perceptions of the two parties and thus tip the balance of strength
between them, a result that would hold consequences for national politics well
beyond the particular outcome in 1992.

NES turns out be extraordinarily well-positioned to carry out this
kind of study. Although the leading edge of the conflict was visible in the
fall of 1990, it did not make a real impression on the general public until
after the 1990 NES Post-Election Study had finished its business. This means
that the 1990 NES Post-Election Study provides excellent baseline data,
providing as it does in-person interviews with a representative sample of
2,000 Americans taken before the war began to hit home.

The second attraction of the 1990 NES is that it does in fact supply
pre-war measurements ; of opinions that are essential to understanding the
electoral consequences of the Persian Gulf War. Most important for present
purposes, the 1990 NES interview included detailed measures of Americans'
assessments of the Bush Presidency, their attachments to the political
parties, their engagement in public affairs, their opinions on foreign policy
and defense related issues, as well as their initial position on U.S.
policy in the Persian Gulf. In short, the timing and content of the 1990 study
puts NES in a uniquely strong position to carry out a study of the electoral
consequences of the Persian Gulf War.  

We have so far pretended that the only thing going on these days is
war, a drastic
simplification. President Bush also confronts problems on the
domestic front: while at war
in the Gulf, the national economy has slipped into recession, the
federal budget continues
to hemorrhage, and a great number of domestic needs go unaddressed.
Moreover, these  
problems are intertwined. Although war is now crowding the domestic
problems off the
agenda, the media, members of Congress, and the general public are
unlikely to remain
quite so preoccupied for long.   

We need to know your reactions to these themes. What should the
priorities be?

Study Design

Cost considerations require that the 1991 and 1992 waves of the panel
study be conducted by telephone. Turning to the telephone, however, produces a
problem: ignoring the 14 percent of the 1990 sample that is inaccessible by
phone (either because the respondent doesn't have a phone, won't give us the
number, or is unable to complete a telephone interview) would underrepresent
the very young and the very old, non-whites, the less educated, the poor and
the politically disengaged. To maintain the sample's integrity, we plan to
conduct face-to-face interviews with those respondents who cannot be
re-contacted by phone.

We will do our best to keep panel attrition as low as possible (about
20 percent per wave). (We have already begun to track our 1990 respondents to
catch those who have moved since our November interview.) Also keep in mind
that there will be a fresh national sample in 1992 as part of the usual
presidential election year National Election Study that will provide analysts
with the leverage needed to estimate panel effects due both to repeated
interviews and sample attrition.

If we are able to raise the additional funds needed to carry out this
study, and if all goes well with its implementation, we anticipate conducting
about 1,600 reinterviews in 1991 and 1,280 reinterviews in 1992.

The 1991 interview schedule will be partitioned to accommodate both
questions on the electoral consequences of the war as well as the 1991 pilot
work. We anticipate a 40-45 minute questionnaire. Part I, will carry questions
needed for the 1990-91-92 panel study and will run for about 25-30 minutes.
Because the pilot work can be sustained on a fewer number of cases, Part II of
the questionnaire will be divided into three random samples. Each subsample
will get a different form of the pilot questionnaire creating a total of 30-45
munutes of interview time for pilot work. (Administrative practicality
mandates that the pilot questions be administered only to those respondents
contacted by phone. We anticipate that each subsample will contain about 458
cases.)

The fluid events in the Persian Gulf make it difficult to set the
precise date on which to begin the 1991 field work. Our plan is to wait until
the war is over, when its repercussions have begun to settle in a bit, when
preferences are more likely to be considered and less likely to be bouncing
around in response to the headlines of the day, when the post-war debate has
begun -- in short a few months after the fighting is over. We suspect that
interviewing will begin in early summer. However, we would greatly appreciate
your  advice on the timing and the post-war interview.

Study Planning Committees

The Board of Overseers has designated two committees to lead in the
planning of the 1991 effort. Professor Mary Jackman will chair the committee
responsible for setting the pilot content. Three members of the NES community
-- Professors Jack Citrin, Steven Knack and Virginia Sapiro -- will join
Professor Jackman and a subset of the NES Board in drafting the pilot portion
of the 1991 interview schedule.

A second committee, chaired by Professor David Leege, will design the
portion of the 1991 questionnaire focusing on the electoral consequences of
the war. The Board of Overseers has invited three scholars -- Professors
Thomas W. Graham, Everett Carl Ladd, and John Mueller -- to join a subset of
the Board in planning this component of the 1991 study.

We welcome your comments and suggestions about the substantive themes
we have identified (as well as those we may have missed) for the 1990-91-92
panel study on the electoral consequences of the war. No doubt a portion of
the '91 interview schedule will re-ask questions that appeared on the '90
Post-Election Study. Suggestions about which specific items should be
empaneled and what new questions might be added to the '91 wave would also be
appreciated. Your suggestions should reach us by March 25 and should be mailed
to:

              Santa Traugott
              National Election Studies
              Institute for Social Research
              P.O. Box 1248
              Ann Arbor, MI. 48106-1248




>> MEMBERSHIP OF THE NES BOARD OF OVERSEERS,  February, 1991

              Stanley Feldman       State University of New York, Stony Brook
              Morris J. Fiorina     Harvard University
              Mary Jackman          University of California, Davis
              Gary Jacobson         University of California, San Diego
              David Leege           Notre Dame University
              Thomas Mann           The Brookings Institution
              Douglas Rivers        Stanford University
              John Zaller           University of California, Los Angeles

                             PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS

              Warren E. Miller      Arizona State University
              Donald R. Kinder      University of Michigan
              Steven J. Rosenstone  University of Michigan

                             STUDY STAFF
               Associated with the 1991 Panel/Pilot Study
   
             Santa Traugott         NES Project Manager
             Thomas M. Ivacko       Study Manager, NES
             Fran Eliot             Research Assistant, NES
             Zoanne Blackburn       Study Manager, SRC/Telephone Facility


    ATTENDEES AT THE APRIL 1991 PLANNING MEETING FOR THE 1991 NES PANEL STUDY

         David Leege (Chair)        Notre Dame University
         Stanley Feldman            SUNY, Stony Brook
         Morris J. Fiorina          Harvard University
         Thomas W. Graham           University of California, San Diego
         Thomas M. Ivacko           NES Staff, Center for Political Studies,
                                    Univ. of Michigan
         Gary Jacobson              University of California, San Diego
         Donald Kinder              University of Michigan
         Warren Miller              Arizona State Univerity
         John Mueller               Rochester University.
         Doug Rivers                Stanford University
         Steven J. Rosenstone       University of Michigan
         Santa Traugott             NES staff, Center for Political Studies,
                                    Univ. of Mich.
         John Zaller                University of California, Los Angeles




>> Original Documentation from 1992 National Election Study


NOTE:     the section of 1992 introductory materials "Sample Design" is not
included here since the 1992 sample in its entirety is not represented in the
Panel File.  Note also that weight var V3008 is not applicable to the Panel
file. 


                         GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT 
                THE AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1992 

The 1992 American National Election Study 1992 was conducted by the
Center for Political Studies of the Institute for Social Research, under the
general direction of Warren E. Miller, Donald R. Kinder and Steven J.
Rosenstone.  Santa Traugott was the Director of Studies for the National
Election Studies.  Giovanna Morchio was the Study Manager, overseeing the
study from very early planning stages through release of the 1992 data
collection.

This is the twenty-second in a series of studies of American national
elections produced by the Political Behavior Program of the Survey Research
Center and the Center for Political Studies, and it is the eighth traditional
time-series study to be conducted under the auspices of National Science
Foundation Grants (SOC77-08885, SES-8341310, and SES-8808361) providing
long-term support for the National Election Studies.  Since 1978, the National
Election Studies have been designed by a national Board of Overseers, the
members of which meet several times a year to plan content and administration
of the major study components. 

Board members during the planning of the 1992 National Election Study
included: Thomas Mann, The Brookings Institution (Chair); Stanley Feldman,
University of Kentucky; Morris Fiorina, Harvard University; Mary Jackman,
University of California at Davis; Gary C. Jacobson, University of California,
San Diego; David Leege, Notre Dame University; Douglas Rivers, Stanford
University; Virginia Sapiro, University of Wisconsin; John Zaller, the
University of California at Los Angeles; Warren E. Miller, Arizona State
University, ex officio; Donald R. Kinder and Steven J. Rosenstone, University
of Michigan, ex officio.

As part of the study planning process, a special planning committee was
appointed, a pilot study conducted, and stimulus letters sent to members of
the scholarly community soliciting input on study plans.  David Leege chaired
the 1992 Study Planning Committee which included from the board Stanley
Feldman, Mary Jackman, Douglas Rivers, Virginia Sapiro, and three other
scholars: Paul Beck, Ohio State University; Jack Citrin, University of
California at Berkeley; and Leonie Huddy, State University of New York at
Stony Brook.

A pilot study was carried out in June-July of 1991 for the purpose of
developing new instrumentation for the 1992 Election Study.  New items were
tested in the area of ethnic politics, gender consciousness and social
altruism.  It should be noted that the 1991 Pilot Study was simultaneously the
1990-1991 Panel Study on the Political Consequences of War. Data from the 1991
Pilot Study are available through the Inter-university Consortium for
Political and Social Research (ICPSR 9673).  Results from the pilot study
(summarized in "List of 1991 Pilot Study Reports") were used by the Planning
Committee in formulating recommendations to the Board about study content for
the 1992 Pre- and Post-Election Surveys. Copies of the Pilot Study reports may
be obtained by contacting the NES project staff. 

                  STUDY DESIGN, CONTENT AND ADMINISTRATION  
Study Design   

The 1992 National Election Study entailed both a pre-election interview
and a post-election re-interview.  Approximately half of the 1992 cases are
comprised of empaneled respondents who were first interviewed in the 1990
National Election Study and later in the 1991 Political Consequences of War
Study.  The other half of the cases are a freshly drawn cross-section sample.  

The panel component of the study design provides an opportunity to trace
how the changing fortunes of the Bush presidency, from the high levels of
approval at the start of the Gulf War, through the decline after the onset of
a recession, affected voting in the November 1992 presidential election.  It
also permits analysts to investigate the origins of the Clinton and Perot
coalitions as well as changes in the public's political preferences over the
two years preceding the 1992 election.

Altogether, 2487 citizens were interviewed in the 9 weeks prior to the
November 3, 1992 election.  To permit analysis of the impact of the unfolding
election campaign, a random half of the sample was released to the field on
September 1 and the other half on October 1st.  1361 of the pre-election
interviews were conducted with panel respondents; 1126 with cross-section
respondents.  In the weeks following the election, 2255 pre-election
respondents were reinterviewed; 1250 panel, 1005 cross-section.  Further
details of the administration of the surveys are given in "Study
 Administration".

Please note that the two components of the study, panel and cross-section,
were designed to be easily used together to create a combined nationally
representative sample, but a case weight -- v3008 --  should be used to
compensate for differences in response rates.   A separate weight -- v3009 --
should be used when panel respondents are being analyzed alone.  

Study Content

Substantive Themes

The content for the 1992 Election Study reflects its double duty, both as
the traditional presidential election year time-series data collection and as
a panel study.  The substantive themes represented in the 1992 questionnaires
include:

- interest in the political campaigns; concern about the outcome; and 
attentiveness to the media's coverage of the campaign

- information about politics

- evaluation of the presidential candidates and placement of presidential
candidates on various issue dimensions

- partisanship and evaluations of the political parties

- knowledge of, contact with, and evaluation of House candidates (including
questions on how their Representative voted on the Persian Gulf War resolution
and whether he/she was implicated in the House banking scandal) ; opinions on
term limitations 

- political participation:  turnout in the Presidential primaries and in the
November general election; other forms of electoral campaign activity
     
- vote choice for President, the U.S. House, and the U.S. Senate, including
second choice for President

- personal and national economic well-being, with particular attention to the
impact of the recession

- positions on social welfare issues including:  social security; government
health insurance; federal budget priorities, and the role of the government in
the provision of jobs and good standard of living

- positions on social issues including:  abortion, the death penalty; prayer
in the schools; the rights of homosexuals; sexual harassment and women's
rights

- racial and ethnic stereotypes; opinions on school integration and
affirmative action; attitudes towards immigrants (particularly Hispanics and
Asians); opinions on immigration policy and bilingual education

- opinions about the nation's most important problem and the most important
issues discussed during the local congressional campaign

- political predispositions:  moral traditionalism; patriotism; political
efficacy; egalitarianism; individualism; trust in government; racial
prejudice; and feminist consciousness

- social altruism and social connectedness

- assessments of U.S. involvement in the Persian Gulf War and of U.S. foreign
policy goals

- feeling thermometers on a wide range of political figures and political
groups; affinity with various social groups

- detailed demographic information and measures of religious affiliation and
religiosity



Congressional Ballot Cards, Candidate Lists, and Candidate Numbers, 1990-1992

In the usual NES Post-Election survey, and for 1992, in the Pre-Election
survey as well, respondents are asked several questions about their particular
Congres persons and Senators. Interviewers pre-edited questionnaires to fill
in the names appropriate for the state and congressional district in which the
respondent was living (or was living during the pre-election interview).  Each
candidate and Senator is assigned a unique number that reflects his or her
incumbency status and party.  (See Candidate Number master code. )  Particular
questions in the survey require the insertion by the interviewer during
pre-editing of the names of candidates.  See, for example, post-election
question B1, which includes feeling thermometers for the various candidates.  
The Candidate Lists used by the interviewers, which show which candidates are
associated with which congressional district and with which numbers they are
tagged, can be found in this codebook. 

Asking questions about incumbent candidates is somewhat more problematic
in a year when redistricting occurred, and for the Pre-Election survey there
is the additional complication that a number of states held their
Congressional primaries after the Pre-Election field work had started. 
Further details can be found at the documentation for Pre-Election questions
J10-J11.

     Handling of Congressional Incumbency Where Redistricting has Occurred

Throughout, whenever the word "incumbent" is used, its referent is a
representative who was a member of the 102nd Congress; i.e., the Congress in
session prior to the November 1992 General Election.  Due to redistricting as
a result of the 1990 U.S. Census, any given incumbent's district for the 103rd
Congress may consist of a fairly different geographical area from the area
covered by the district prior to the boundary changes.  Therefore, prior to
1992, the "incumbent" may or may not have been the representative for the
particular piece of geography (the sample segment or census tract)  in which
the respondent lives.  For each sample segment, we have included in the
dataset its 1992 congressional district number, v3019, and its congressional
district number in 1990, v3020.  Bycomparing the two, it can be determined
whether the "incumbent" in question was actually the respondent's incumbent
prior to the 1992 general election.

     "Lagged" Measures Obtained from 1990 and 1991 Interviews

Slightly more than half of the respondents in the 1992 study were also
interviewed in 1990 and 1991. Therefore, all of the variables associated with
the 1990 Post-Election Study (ICPSR 9548) and the 1991 Political Consequences
of War Study (ICPSR 9673) will be made available for use as "lagged" measures. 

THEY ARE NOT IN THE CURRENT RELEASE OF THE DATA, BUT WILL BE MADE
AVAILABLE IN TWO RELEASES TO FOLLOW SHORTLY.  In the meantime, users can merge
this version of the 1992 dataset with either of these two datasets by using
the 1990 case identification number, v3006 in this dataset.

     Study Administration 

     Pre-election Study Release of Sample

To permit analysis of the impact of the unfolding election campaign and

to minimize the relationship between interviews taken late in the campaign
period and the difficulty of obtaining an interview, NES divided the
Pre-Election study sample into two random parts.  Administration of the first
random half occurred between September 1 and September 30; the second half
between October 1 and October 31st, with the first two days of November as
"cleanup." The two part division applied to both panel and cross-section
samples.

Note that the study period began before Labor Day, the traditional start
of the Election Studies (and Presidential campaigns). The combination of a
late date for Labor Day (Sept. 7) and an early date for Election Day (Nov.
3rd) would have shortened our standard field period by about a week, which
would have reduced the overall response rate.

     Sample "Replicates"

To more closely tailor the field effort to the actual sample performance
during this study, both parts of the sample (panel and cross-section) were
randomly subdivided into five replicates, each of which is a proper, random
subsample of the NES sample.  Replicates 1 and 2 were considered the "base
sample," certain to be released, with three replicates being held in reserve
to be released for fieldwork October 1, 1992, if it was decided they were
needed.  Replicates  4 and 5 were released at that time.

     Survey Modes:  Design and Implementation

One of the administrative problems in fielding a panel study is that
respondents have had an intervening period of time in which to relocate,
perhaps at some remove from areas where field staff is maintained. 
Additionally, some of the SRC sample primary areas were replaced between 1990
and 1992, and therefore potentially some of the 1990 Election Study
respondents lived in areas where SRC interviewers were no longer on staff.  We
estimated that between 50 and 125 respondents might have moved to areas in
which SRC did not have interviewers, or might be living in their 1990
residence, in a place where SRC no longer maintained interviewing capability. 
(As it turned out, the total number of panel respondents that we interviewed
who were "out of range" for either of these two reasons was 43.) It was our
intention to interview as many panel respondents as possible, but we did not
want to incur the additional costs associated with interviewer travel.
Therefore, we prepared a truncated version of both Pre- and Post-Election
Survey questionnaires, (the "Short-Form") to be administered over the
telephone to those panel respondents who had moved out of range.

Interviews, both in the Pre- and in the Post-Election surveys, were also
administered over the telephone to many respondents, both panel and
cross-section, who did not meet the "panel out-of-range" criteria for
telephone interviewing. The mis-implementation of the design also entailed the
inappropriate use of the full-length questionnaire. Table 1, below, sums up
the situation. In total, 86 percent of the interviews (91 percent before the
election and 81 percent of those conducted after the election) were
administered as mandated by the study design: face-to-face with the full
length questionnaires or by phone for those panel respondents who moved out of
range.

Survey Forms:  Design and Implementation

There were two forms of both the Pre- and the Post-Election Study
questionnaire:  a short form, to be administered over the phone to panel
respondents who were "out of range," as described above, and a standard, or
full-length questionnaire to be administered to everyone else.  The questions
on the short-form were a subset of those on the full length questionnaires
whose  70 minutes in length was thought to be unacceptably long for telephone
interview.

50 minutes worth of content was selected for the short form, both Pre-
and Post-Election Suveys.  The criteria for inclusion were that the questions
were "core," i.e., questions part of the NES time-series, as opposed to
recently piloted or topical items, or that they related to the focus of the
1991 Political Consequences of War Study.  We decided not to repeat most of
the demographics items for the approximately 100 panel respondents we expected
would be interviewed with the short form, relying instead on their responses
in the 1990 survey.  Additionally, some congressional content was deleted,
because of the difficulty in assigning respondents over the phone to the newly
drawn congressional districts. 

Because we estimated the number of cases affected to be few and randomly
scattered across the country, we did not design the instrument for the
telephone. Except for the income question, we made no adjustments to the
questionnaire for the difference in mode.  In general, interviewers were
expected to read response options to the respondent and to repeat them as
necessary until they were clear to the respondent.

All interviews with a short form questionnaire, except for Spanish
language, and including "legitimate" or "out-of-range" panel respondent
interviews, have been designated as partial interviews, in the result code
variables for the Pre- and Post-Election Studies (v3033 and v5012).

     Evaluation of Problems in Study Implementation

The problems mentioned above did not become fully evident until coding
was virtually completed, in the last week of Feburary. At its March 1 meeting,
the NES Board of Overseers, to whom these problems were reported, instructed
the Principal Investigators to assess the signficance of these problems with
respect to data quality.  This work was carried out by the Principal
Investigators and members of the Study Staff in consultation with Board
members, SRC methodologists and Center for Political Studies personnel as
appropriate. The findings are available in NES Technical Report No. 43,
available from NE Project Staff.

                              TABLE 1

    MODE AND FORM ADMINISTRATION IN THE 1992 PRE-/POST ELECTION STUDIES

Panel Respondents

Mode            Question-  Pre-        Post-
                naire      Election     Election

Face-to-face(A) Full     1155   84.8%   951    76.1%


Phone(B)        Short     149   11.0%   186    14.9%

Phone           Full       57    4.2%   113     9.0%


        SUBTOTAL         1361  100.0%  1250   100.0%



Cross Section Respondents

Mode            Question-  Pre-        Post-
                naire      Election     Election


Face-to-face(C)  Full    1053   93.6%   830     82.6%


Phone (D)        Short      5     .4%     4       .4%


Phone             Full     68    6.0%    171     17.0%


       SUBTOTAL           1126  100.0%  1005    100.0%


Total Respondents

Mode            Question-  Pre-        Post-
                naire      Election     Election


Face-to-face   Full     2208   88.8%   1781    79.0%

Phone          Short     154    6.2%    190     8.4%


Phone           Full     125    5.0%    284    12.6%


           TOTAL        2487  100.0%   2255   100.0%


     A.   The 1155 Pre-election respondents in this category include 16 Panel
interviews  taken F-T-F using the Spanish version of the questionnaire.

     B.   The Pre-election respondents in this category include 1 Spanish
language panel interview, taken by phone.

     C.   The pre-election total includes 4 Spanish version questionnaires
taken F-T-F.

     D.   The 5 cases in the Pre-election category consist of 1 F-T-F and 3
Phone short-form, plus 1 Spanish language cross-section case. 

As the Technical Report documents in detail, the inappropriate use of the
telephone and  the short-form questionnaire thankfully had only a negligible
impact on the quality of the 1992 data.  When the short-form questionnaire was
used, it of course generated missing data on those items that appeared on the
full-length questionnaire but not on the short-form. But this resulted in a
very slight increase (less than .05 percentage points) in the standard errors
of the affected variables. The pattern of missing data (from use of the
short-form questionnaire) is unrelated to the demographic or political
characteristics of respondents. 

Instead, interviewers turned to the short form when it appeared they
would have difficulty securing an interview for other reasons having to do
with the field administration of the study.  The same holds for use of phone
instead of face-to-face interviewing.  Respondents interviewed over the phone
are politically indistinguishable from those interviewed face-to-face. 
Attributes of the study administration, not attributes of the individual
respondents, are associated with the propensity of interviewers to conduct
some of their interviews over the phone.  Finally, although some survey
questions perform differently across the two modes of interviewing, the
distribution of responses and the relationship among variables are
substantively the same among phone and face-to-face respondents. 


     Response Rates

The Pre-Election study response rate for the cross-section sample was
74.0%.  Recalculating the response rate to eliminate 4 short-form,
cross-section interviews (partials) results in a response rate of 73.7%.   For
the panel sample, the response (or reinterview) rate is 77.7% when partials,
or short form interviews, are included, but drops to 69.2% when they are
excluded.   Post-Election reinterview rates are 91.8% for the panel, including
partials, and 85.0% excluding the partial or short-form interviews.  The
cross-section Post-Election reinterview rate was 89.3%  including 4 partials;
88.9% excluding them.  These calculations do not differentiate between
face-to-face and telephone modes of interviewing.

     Interview Completion Rate

Table 2 lays out the number of interviews taken for each week elapsing
after the Nov. 3 General Election.  In 1992, 25.8% of the interviews were
completed in the first two weeks after the election; 53.1% in the first four
weeks.  For comparison, in 1988, 55% of the interviews were taken in the first
two weeks after the election, and 82% in the first four weeks.

                                   TABLE 2.

               NUMBER OF AND CUMULATIVE PERCENT  OF INTERVIEWS 
                       TAKEN IN THE POST-ELECTION STUDY
                           BY WEEK  OF INTERVIEW



DATES          NUMBER OF     CUMULATIVE NUMBER          CUMULATIVE
               INTERVIEWS     NUMBER OF INTERVIEWS      PERCENT OF INTERVIEWS


Nov. 4-Nov.10     237               237                    10.5%

Nov.11-Nov.17     344               581                    25.8

Nov.18-Nov.24     372               953                    42.3

Nov.25-Dec. 1     245              1198                    53.1

Dec. 2- Dec. 8    348              1546                    68.6

Dec.  9-Dec.15    278              1824                    80.9

Dec.16-Dec.22     175              1999                    88.7


Dec.23-Dec.29       86             2085                    92.5

Dec.30-Jan.  5     125             2210                    98.0

Jan.  6-Jan.1       45             2255                   100.0%





>> SAMPLE BALLOT CARD, 1990-1992

                                   ͻ
                                                  
                                     BALLOT CARD  
                                                  
                                                  
                                   ͼ 
                                  
                         For the November General Election
                         =================================



                   State:    New York
  Congressional District:    14




                             Democratic                  Republican
                               Party                       Party   


  CANDIDATES FOR THE
  U.S. HOUSE OF
  REPRESENTATIVES:       Carolyn Maloney             Bill Green



  CANDIDATES FOR THE
  U.S. SENATE:           Robert Abrams               Alfonse M. D'Amato






>> 1990 CANDIDATE LISTS



              STATE:  ALABAMA                  CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  03     



              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Howell Heflin                Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Bill Cabaniss                Republican challenger       

                  19. Richard C. Shelby            Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Glen Browder                 Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Don Sledge                   Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     
                  55. Paul R. Hubbert              Democratic challenger       

                  54. Guy Hunt                     Republican incumbent        

     
==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  ALABAMA                  CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  04     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Howell Heflin                Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Bill Cabaniss                Republican challenger       

                  19. Richard C. Shelby            Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               
 
              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Tom Bevill                   Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  55. Paul R. Hubbert              Democratic challenger       

                  54. Guy Hunt                     Republican incumbent        

                                                                              
     
=========================================================================
  
              STATE:  ALABAMA                  CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  06     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Howell Heflin                Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Bill Cabaniss                Republican challenger       

                  19. Richard C. Shelby            Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               
 
              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Ben Erdreich                 Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               
              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  55. Paul R. Hubbert              Democratic challenger       

                  54. Guy Hunt                     Republican incumbent        

                                                                              
     
=========================================================================

              STATE:  ALABAMA                  CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  07     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Howell Heflin                Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Bill Cabaniss                Republican challenger       

                  19. Richard C. Shelby            Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Claude Harris                Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Michael D. Barker            Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  55. Paul R. Hubbert              Democratic challenger       

                  54. Guy Hunt                     Republican incumbent        


     
======================================================================== 

             STATE:  ARKANSAS                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  01     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. David Pryor                  Democratic incumbent        

                  19. Dale Bumpers                 Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Bill Alexander               Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Terry Hayes                  Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Bill Clinton                 Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Sheffield Nelson             Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  05     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                              
              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Nancy Pelosi                 Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Alan Nichols                 Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  07     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               
 

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. George Miller                Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Roger A. Payton              Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      

 

==========================================================================

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  09     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican--term not up     

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Fortney H. 'Pete' Stark      Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Victor Romero                Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

==========================================================================

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  10   
                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Don Edwards                  Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Mark Patrosso                Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  11     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Tom Lantos                   Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Bill Quraishi                Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

==========================================================================

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  14     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  31. Patricia Malberg             Democratic candidate        

                  32. John T. Doolittle            Republican candidate        

                  42. Norman D. Shumway            Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  15     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Gary Condit                  Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Cliff Burris                 Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

==========================================================================

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  17     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Calvin Dooley                Democratic challenger       

                  34. Charles 'Chip' Pashayan, Jr. Republican incumbent
                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  18     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Richard H. Lehman            Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  22     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. David Bayer                  Democratic challenger       

                  34. Carlos J. Moorhead           Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  24     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Henry A. Waxman              Democratic incumbent        

                  36. John N. Cowles               Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

==========================================================================

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  25     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Edward R. Roybal             Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Steven J. Renshaw            Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  26     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Howard L. Berman             Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Roy Dahlson                  Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  27     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Mel Levine                   Democratic incumbent        

                  36. David Barrett Cohen          Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  29     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  31. Maxine Waters                Democratic candidate        

                  32. Bill DeWitt                  Republican candidate        

                  41. Augustus F. 'Gus' Hawkins    Democratic -- retiring      

              C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                      

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  30     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Matthew G. Martinez          Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Reuben D. Franco             Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  33     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Georgia Houston Webb         Democratic challenger       

                  34. David Dreier                 Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  34     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Esteban E. Torres            Democratic incumbent        

                  36. John Eastman                 Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  38     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Barbara Jackson              Democratic challenger       

                  34. Robert K. Dornan             Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  40     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Eugene C. Gratz              Democratic challenger       

                  34. C. Christopher Cox           Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  42     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Guy C. Kimbrough             Democratic challenger       

                  34. Dana Rohrabacher             Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CALIFORNIA               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  43     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Alan Cranston                Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Pete Wilson                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  34. Ron Packard                  Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Dianne Feinstein             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Pete Wilson                  Republican candidate        

                  62. George Deukmejian            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  COLORADO                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  01     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  11. Josie Heath                  Democratic candidate        

                  12. Hank Brown                   Republican candidate        

                  19. Timothy E. Wirth             Democratic -- term not up   

                  22. William L. Armstrong         Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Patricia Schroeder           Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Gloria Gonzales Roemer       Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Roy R. Romer                 Democratic incumbent        

                  56. John Andrews                 Republican challenger       



==========================================================================

              STATE:  COLORADO                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  02     


              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  11. Josie Heath                  Democratic candidate        

                  12. Hank Brown                   Republican candidate        

                  19. Timothy E. Wirth             Democratic -- term not up   

                  22. William L. Armstrong         Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. David E. Skaggs              Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Jason Lewis                  Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Roy R. Romer                 Democratic incumbent        

                  56. John Andrews                 Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  COLORADO                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  06     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  11. Josie Heath                  Democratic candidate        

                  12. Hank Brown                   Republican candidate        

                  19. Timothy E. Wirth             Democratic -- term not up   

                  22. William L. Armstrong         Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Don Jarrett                  Democratic challenger       

                  34. Dan Schaefer                 Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Roy R. Romer                 Democratic incumbent        

                  56. John Andrews                 Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  CONNECTICUT              CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  03     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Christopher J. Dodd          Democratic -- term not up   

                  27. Joseph I. Lieberman          Democratic -- term not up   
 
                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  31. Rosa DeLauro                 Democratic candidate        

                  32. Thomas Scott                 Republican candidate        

                  41. Bruce Morrison               Democratic -- retiring      

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  50. Lowell Weicker               Independent candidate       

                  51. Bruce Morrison               Democratic candidate        

                  52. John Rowland                 Republican candidate        

                  61. William A. O'Neill           Democratic -- retiring      

                                                                               

==========================================================================

              STATE:  FLORIDA                  CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  10     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Bob Graham                   Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Connie Mack III              Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  34. Andy Ireland                 Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  55. Lawton Chiles                Democratic challenger       

                  54. Bob Martinez                 Republican incumbent        


==========================================================================                STATE:  FLORIDA                  CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  16   
 

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Bob Graham                   Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Connie Mack III              Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               
 
              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Lawrence J. Smith            Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  55. Lawton Chiles                Democratic challenger       

                  54. Bob Martinez                 Republican incumbent        



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  FLORIDA                  CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  18     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Bob Graham                   Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Connie Mack III              Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Bernard Anscher              Democratic challenger       

                  34. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen          Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  55. Lawton Chiles                Democratic challenger       

                  54. Bob Martinez                 Republican incumbent        



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  FLORIDA                  CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  19     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Bob Graham                   Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Connie Mack III              Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               
 

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Dante B. Fascell             Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Bob Allen                    Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  55. Lawton Chiles                Democratic challenger       

                  54. Bob Martinez                 Republican incumbent        



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  GEORGIA                  CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  01     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                                                                               

                  13. Sam Nunn                     Democratic incumbent        

                  19. Wyche Fowler                 Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Lindsay Thomas               Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Chris Meredith               Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Zell Miller                  Democratic candidate        

                  52. Johnny Isakson               Republican candidate        

                  61. Joe Frank Harris             Democratic -- retiring      



==========================================================================

              STATE:  GEORGIA                  CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  03     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Sam Nunn                     Democratic incumbent        

                  19. Wyche Fowler                 Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               
 
              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Richard Ray                  Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Paul Broun                   Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Zell Miller                  Democratic candidate        

                  52. Johnny Isakson               Republican candidate        

                  61. Joe Frank Harris             Democratic -- retiring      

                                                                               


==========================================================================

              STATE:  IOWA                     CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  04     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Tom Harkin                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Tom Tauke                    Republican challenger       

                  29. Charles E. Grassley          Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Neal Smith                   Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  55. Donald D. Avenson            Democratic challenger       

                  54. Terry E. Branstad            Republican incumbent        



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  ILLINOIS                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  03     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Paul Simon                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Lynn M. Martin               Republican challenger       

                  19. Alan J. Dixon                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Marty Russo                  Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Carl L. Klein                Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                                                                               

                  51. Neil F. Hartigan             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Jim Edgar                    Republican candidate        

                  62. James R. Thompson            Republican -- retiring      

 
     
=========================================================================
                                                                               
              STATE:  ILLINOIS                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  04     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Paul Simon                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Lynn M. Martin               Republican challenger       

                  19. Alan J. Dixon                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. George E. Sangmeister        Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Manny Hoffman                Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Neil F. Hartigan             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Jim Edgar                    Republican candidate        

                  62. James R. Thompson            Republican -- retiring      

     
==========================================================================

              STATE:  ILLINOIS                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  07     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Paul Simon                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Lynn M. Martin               Republican challenger       

                  19. Alan J. Dixon                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Cardiss Collins              Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Michael Dooley               Republican challenger       

                                                                               
              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Neil F. Hartigan             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Jim Edgar                    Republican candidate        

                  62. James R. Thompson            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  ILLINOIS                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  08     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Paul Simon                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Lynn M. Martin               Republican challenger       

                  19. Alan J. Dixon                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Dan Rostenkowski             Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Neil F. Hartigan             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Jim Edgar                    Republican candidate        

                  62. James R. Thompson            Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  ILLINOIS                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  13     

                                                                               

             (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                         
                  13. Paul Simon                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Lynn M. Martin               Republican challenger       

                  19. Alan J. Dixon                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. John L. Grandin              Democratic challenger       

                  34. Harris W. Fawell             Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Neil F. Hartigan             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Jim Edgar                    Republican candidate        

                  62. James R. Thompson            Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

==========================================================================


              STATE:  ILLINOIS                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  14     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Paul Simon                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Lynn M. Martin               Republican challenger       

                  19. Alan J. Dixon                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Donald J. Westphal           Democratic challenger       

                  34. Dennis Hastert               Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Neil F. Hartigan             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Jim Edgar                    Republican candidate        

                  62. James R. Thompson            Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  ILLINOIS                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  22     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Paul Simon                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Lynn M. Martin               Republican challenger       

                  19. Alan J. Dixon                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Glenn Poshard                Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Neil F. Hartigan             Democratic candidate        

                  52. Jim Edgar                    Republican candidate        

                  62. James R. Thompson            Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  INDIANA                  CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  04     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. Daniel R. Coats              Republican incumbent        

                  15. Baron P. Hill                Democratic challenger       

                  29. Richard G. Lugar             Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                                                                               

                  33. Jill Long                    Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Richard W. 'Rick' Hawks      Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  57. Evan Bayh                    Democratic -- term not up   

  

==========================================================================
                                                                              
              STATE:  KANSAS                   CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  01     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. Nancy Landon Kassebaum       Republican incumbent        

                  15. Dick Williams                Democratic challenger       

                  29. Robert Dole                  Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Duane West                   Democratic challenger       

                  34. Pat Roberts                  Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  55. Joan Finney                  Democratic challenger       

                  54. Mike Hayden                  Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

==========================================================================

              STATE:  MASSACHUSETTS            CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  05     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. John Kerry                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Jim Rappaport                Republican challenger       

                  19. Edward 'Ted' Kennedy         Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Chester G. Atkins            Democratic incumbent        

                  36. John F. MacGovern            Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. John Silber                  Democratic candidate        

                  52. William F. Weld              Republican candidate        

                  61. Michael Dukakis              Democratic -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  MASSACHUSETTS            CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  06     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. John Kerry                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Jim Rappaport                Republican challenger       

                  19. Edward 'Ted' Kennedy         Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Nicholas Mavroules           Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Edgar L. Kelley              Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. John Silber                  Democratic candidate        

                  52. William F. Weld              Republican candidate        

                  61. Michael Dukakis              Democratic -- retiring      

                                                                               


==========================================================================
                                                                               
              STATE:  MASSACHUSETTS            CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  07     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. John Kerry                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Jim Rappaport                Republican challenger       

                  19. Edward 'Ted' Kennedy         Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Edward J. Markey             Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. John Silber                  Democratic candidate        

                  52. William F. Weld              Republican candidate        

                  61. Michael Dukakis              Democratic -- retiring      

                                                                               

==========================================================================


              STATE:  MASSACHUSETTS            CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  08     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. John Kerry                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Jim Rappaport                Republican challenger       

                  19. Edward 'Ted' Kennedy         Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Joseph P. Kennedy II         Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Glenn W. Fiscus              Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. John Silber                  Democratic candidate        

                  52. William F. Weld              Republican candidate        

                  61. Michael Dukakis              Democratic -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  MASSACHUSETTS            CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  09     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. John Kerry                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Jim Rappaport                Republican challenger       

                  19. Edward 'Ted' Kennedy         Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Joe Moakley                  Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. John Silber                  Democratic candidate        

                  52. William F. Weld              Republican candidate        

                  61. Michael Dukakis              Democratic -- retiring      

                                                                               
==============================================================================

              STATE:  MARYLAND                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  02     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Barbara A. Mikulski          Democratic -- term not up   

                  27. Paul S. Sarbanes             Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Ronald P. Bowers             Democratic challenger       

                  34. Helen Delich Bentley         Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. William Donald Schaefer      Democratic incumbent        

                  56. William S. Shepard           Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  MARYLAND                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  03     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Barbara A. Mikulski          Democratic -- term not up   

                  27. Paul S. Sarbanes             Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Benjamin L. Cardin           Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Harwood Nichols              Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. William Donald Schaefer      Democratic incumbent        

                  56. William S. Shepard           Republican challenger       



==========================================================================  

              STATE:  MARYLAND                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  04     

                                                                              

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Barbara A. Mikulski          Democratic -- term not up   

                  27. Paul S. Sarbanes             Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Tom McMillen                 Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Robert P. Duckworth          Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. William Donald Schaefer      Democratic incumbent        

                  56. William S. Shepard           Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  MARYLAND                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  06     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Barbara A. Mikulski          Democratic -- term not up   

                  27. Paul S. Sarbanes             Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Beverly B. Byron             Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Christopher P. Fiotes, Jr.  Republican challenger        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. William Donald Schaefer      Democratic incumbent        

                  56. William S. Shepard           Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  MARYLAND                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  07     

                                                                               
              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Barbara A. Mikulski          Democratic -- term not up   

                  27. Paul S. Sarbanes             Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Kweisi Mfume                 Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Kenneth Kondner              Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. William Donald Schaefer      Democratic incumbent        

                  56. William S. Shepard           Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  MICHIGAN                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  05     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Carl Levin                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Bill Schuette                Republican challenger       

                  19. Donald Riegle                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Thomas Trzybinski            Democratic challenger       

                  34. Paul B. Henry                Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. James J. Blanchard           Democratic incumbent        

                  56. John Engler                  Republican challenger       

                                                                               
     
=========================================================================

              STATE:  MICHIGAN                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  08     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Carl Levin                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Bill Schuette                Republican challenger       

                  19. Donald Riegle                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Bob Traxler                  Democratic incumbent        

                  36. James White                  Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. James J. Blanchard           Democratic incumbent        

                  56. John Engler                  Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  MICHIGAN                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  09     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Carl Levin                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Bill Schuette                Republican challenger       

                  19. Donald Riegle                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Geraldine Greene             Democratic challenger       

                  34. Guy Vander Jagt              Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. James J. Blanchard           Democratic incumbent        

                  56. John Engler                  Republican challenger       

                

==========================================================================
                                                                
              STATE:  MICHIGAN                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  12     

                                                                              

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Carl Levin                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Bill Schuette                Republican challenger       

                  19. Donald Riegle                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. David E. Bonior              Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Jim Dingeman                 Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. James J. Blanchard           Democratic incumbent        

                  56. John Engler                  Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  MICHIGAN                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  13     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Carl Levin                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Bill Schuette                Republican challenger       

                  19. Donald Riegle                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  31. Barbara-Rose Collins         Democratic candidate        

                  32. Carl R. Edwards, Sr.         Republican candidate        

                  41. George W. Crockett, Jr.      Democratic -- retiring      

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. James J. Blanchard           Democratic incumbent        

                  56. John Engler                  Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================

              STATE:  MICHIGAN                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  16     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Carl Levin                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Bill Schuette                Republican challenger       

                  19. Donald Riegle                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. John D. Dingell              Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Frank Beaumont               Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. James J. Blanchard           Democratic incumbent        

                  56. John Engler                  Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  MICHIGAN                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  18     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Carl Levin                   Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Bill Schuette                Republican challenger       

                  19. Donald Riegle                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Walter O. Briggs IV          Democratic challenger       

                  34. William S. Broomfield        Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. James J. Blanchard           Democratic incumbent        

                  56. John Engler                  Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  MINNESOTA                CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  01     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. Rudy Boschwitz               Republican incumbent        

                  15. Paul Wellstone               Democratic challenger       

                  29. David Durenberger            Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Timothy J. Penny             Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Doug Andersen                Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Rudy Perpich                 Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Arne Carlson                 Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  MISSOURI                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  01     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  18. Christopher 'Kit' Bond       Republican -- term not up   

                  28. John C. Danforth             Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. William L. 'Bill' Clay       Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Wayne G. Piotrowski          Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  58. John Ashcroft                Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

==========================================================================


              STATE:  MISSOURI                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  02     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  18. Christopher 'Kit' Bond       Republican -- term not up   

                  28. John C. Danforth             Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Joan Kelly Horn              Democratic challenger       

                  34. Jack Buechner                Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  58. John Ashcroft                Republican -- term not up   



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  MISSOURI                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  03     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  18. Christopher 'Kit' Bond       Republican -- term not up   

                  28. John C. Danforth             Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Richard A. Gephardt          Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Malcolm L. Holekamp          Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  58. John Ashcroft                Republican -- term not up   

 

==========================================================================
                                                                               
              STATE:  MISSOURI                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  09     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  18. Christopher (Kit) Bond       Republican -- term not up   

                  28. John C. Danforth             Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Harold L. Volkmer            Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Don Curtis                   Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  58. John Ashcroft                Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  NORTH CAROLINA           CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  07     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. Jesse Helms                  Republican incumbent        

                  15. Harvey B. Gantt              Democratic challenger       

                  19. Terry Sanford                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Charlie Rose                 Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Robert C. Anderson           Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  58. James G. 'Jim' Martin        Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

==========================================================================



              STATE:  NEW HAMPSHIRE            CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  01     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  11. John A. Durkin               Democratic candidate        

                  12. Robert C. Smith              Republican candidate        

                  22. Gordon J. Humphrey           Republican -- retiring      

                  29. Warren Rudman                Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  31. Joseph F. Keefe              Democratic candidate        

                  32. Bill Zeliff                  Republican candidate        

                  42. Robert C. Smith              Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  55. J. Joseph Grandmaison        Democratic challenger       

                  54. Judd Gregg                   Republican incumbent        



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  NEW JERSEY               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  01     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Bill Bradley                 Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Christine Todd Whitman       Republican challenger       

                  19. Frank Lautenberg             Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  31. Robert E. Andrews            Democratic candidate        

                  32. Daniel J. Mangini            Republican candidate        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  57. James J. Florio              Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  NEW JERSEY               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  02     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Bill Bradley                 Democratic incumbent        

                  16. Christine Todd Whitman       Republican challenger       

                  19. Frank Lautenberg             Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. William J. Hughes            Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  57. James J. Florio              Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  06     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Floyd H. Flake               Democratic incumbent        

                  36. William Sampol               Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================


              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  07     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Gary L. Ackerman             Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                                                                               

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               
              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  10     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Charles E. Schumer           Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Patrick J. Kinsella          Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  11     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Ed Towns                     Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  12     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Major R. Owens               Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       
                                                                             

==========================================================================

              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  15     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Frances L. Reiter            Democratic challenger       

                  34. Bill Green                   Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  17     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Ted Weiss                    Democratic incumbent        

                  36. William W. Koeppel           Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  18     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Jose E. Serrano              Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Joseph Chiavaro              Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  19     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Eliot L. Engel               Democratic incumbent        

                  36. William J. Gouldman          Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       

                                                                               


==========================================================================


              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  20     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                                                                               

                  33. Nita M. Lowey                Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Glenn D. Belitto             Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       

 

==========================================================================
                                                                               
              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  22     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. John G. Dow                  Democratic challenger       

                  34. Benjamin A. Gilman           Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  31     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Kevin P. Gaughan             Democratic challenger       

                  34. Bill Paxon                   Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  32     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. John J. LaFalce              Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Michael T. Waring            Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 

              STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  33     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Henry J. Nowak               Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Thomas K. Kepfer             Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       

                                                                               


==========================================================================

             STATE:  NEW YORK                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  34      
                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan      Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Alfonse M. D'Amato           Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Joseph P. Leahey             Democratic challenger       

                  34. Amo Houghton                 Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mario M. Cuomo               Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Pierre A. Rinfret            Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  OHIO                     CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  03     
                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. John H. Glenn                Democratic -- term not up   

                  27. Howard M. Metzenbaum         Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Tony P. Hall                 Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Anthony J. Celebrezze, Jr    Democratic candidate        

                  52. George V. Voinovich          Republican candidate        

                  61. Richard F. Celeste           Democratic -- retiring      

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  OHIO                     CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  06     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. John H. Glenn                Democratic -- term not up   

                  27. Howard M. Metzenbaum         Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Ray Mitchell                 Democratic challenger       

                  34. Bob McEwen                   Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Anthony J. Celebrezze, Jr    Democratic candidate        

                  52. George V. Voinovich          Republican candidate        

                  61. Richard F. Celeste           Democratic -- retiring      

 

==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  OHIO                     CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  07     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. John H. Glenn                Democratic -- term not up   

                  27. Howard M. Metzenbaum         Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  31. Jack Schira                  Democratic candidate        

                  32. David L. Hobson              Republican candidate        

                  42. Michael DeWine               Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Anthony J. Celebrezze, Jr    Democratic candidate        

                  52. George V. Voinovich          Republican candidate        

                  61. Richard F. Celeste           Democratic -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  OHIO                     CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  08     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. John H. Glenn                Democratic -- term not up   

                  27. Howard M. Metzenbaum         Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  31. Gregory V. Jolivette         Democratic candidate        

                  32. John A. Boehner              Republican candidate        

                  42. Donald E. 'Buz' Lukens       Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Anthony J. Celebrezze, Jr    Democratic candidate        

                  52. George V. Voinovich          Republican candidate        

                  61. Richard F. Celeste           Democratic -- retiring      



==========================================================================

              STATE:  OHIO                     CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  18     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. John H. Glenn                Democratic -- term not up   

                  27. Howard M. Metzenbaum         Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Doug Applegate               Democratic incumbent        

                  36. John A. Hales                Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Anthony J. Celebrezze, Jr    Democratic candidate        

                  52. George V. Voinovich          Republican candidate        

                  61. Richard F. Celeste           Democratic -- retiring      

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  OREGON                   CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  04     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. Mark O. Hatfield             Republican incumbent        

                  15. Harry Lonsdale               Democratic challenger       

                  29. Robert W. 'Bob' Packwood     Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Peter A. DeFazio             Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Barbara Roberts              Democratic candidate        

                  52. Dave Frohnmayer              Republican candidate        

                  61. Neil Goldschmidt             Democratic -- retiring      


==========================================================================

              STATE:  PENNSYLVANIA             CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  01     
                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  18. Arlen Specter                Republican -- term not up   

                  28. H. John Heinz III            Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Thomas M. Foglietta          Democratic incumbent        

                  36. James Love Jackson           Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Robert P. Casey              Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Barbara Hafer                Republican challenger       

              

==========================================================================
                                                                  
              STATE:  PENNSYLVANIA             CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  07     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  18. Arlen Specter                Republican -- term not up   

                  28. H. John Heinz III            Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. John Innelli                 Democratic challenger       

                  34. Curt Weldon                  Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Robert P. Casey              Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Barbara Hafer                Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  PENNSYLVANIA             CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  08     

                                                                               
              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  18. Arlen Specter                Republican -- term not up   

                  28. H. John Heinz III            Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Peter H. Kostmayer           Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Audrie Zettick Schaller      Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Robert P. Casey              Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Barbara Hafer                Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  PENNSYLVANIA             CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  12     

                                                                               

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  18. Arlen Specter                Republican -- term not up   

                  28. H. John Heinz III            Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. John P. Murtha               Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Willeam Choby                Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Robert P. Casey              Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Barbara Hafer                Republican challenger       

 

==========================================================================

              STATE:  PENNSYLVANIA             CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  13     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  18. Arlen Specter                Republican -- term not up   

                  28. H. John Heinz III            Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Bernard Tomkin               Democratic challenger       

                  34. Lawrence Coughlin            Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Robert P. Casey              Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Barbara Hafer                Republican challenger       



==========================================================================    
 
              STATE:  PENNSYLVANIA             CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  14     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  18. Arlen Specter                Republican -- term not up   

                  28. H. John Heinz III            Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. William J. Coyne             Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Richard Edward Caligiuri     Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Robert P. Casey              Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Barbara Hafer                Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  PENNSYLVANIA             CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  18     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  18. Arlen Specter                Republican -- term not up   

                  28. H. John Heinz III            Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Doug Walgren                 Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Rick Santorum                Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Robert P. Casey              Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Barbara Hafer                Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
              STATE:  PENNSYLVANIA             CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  20     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  18. Arlen Specter                Republican -- term not up   

                  28. H. John Heinz III            Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Joseph M. Gaydos             Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Robert C. Lee                Republican challenger       

                                                                               
              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Robert P. Casey              Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Barbara Hafer                Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               
              STATE:  PENNSYLVANIA             CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  22     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  18. Arlen Specter                Republican -- term not up   

                  28. H. John Heinz III            Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Austin J. Murphy             Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Suzanne Hayden               Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Robert P. Casey              Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Barbara Hafer                Republican challenger       



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  TENNESSEE                CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  02     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Al Gore                      Democratic incumbent        

                  16. William R. Hawkins           Republican challenger       

                  19. James R. 'Jim' Sasser        Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  34. John 'Jimmy' Duncan, Jr.    Republican incumbent         

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Ned McWherter                Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Dwight Henry                 Republican challenger       

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  TENNESSEE                CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  03     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Al Gore                      Democratic incumbent        

                  16. William R. Hawkins           Republican challenger       

                  19. James R. 'Jim' Sasser        Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Marilyn Lloyd                Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Grady L. Rhoden              Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Ned McWherter                Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Dwight Henry                 Republican challenger       



==========================================================================    
 
              STATE:  TENNESSEE                CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  04     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. Al Gore                      Democratic incumbent        

                  16. William R. Hawkins           Republican challenger       

                  19. James R. 'Jim' Sasser        Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               
              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Jim Cooper                   Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Claiborne 'Clay' Sanders     Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Ned McWherter                Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Dwight Henry                 Republican challenger       



==========================================================================

              STATE:  TEXAS                    CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  08     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. Phil Gramm                   Republican incumbent        

                  15. Hugh Parmer                  Democratic challenger       

                  19. Lloyd Bentsen                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  34. Jack Fields                  Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Ann Richards                 Democratic candidate        

                  52. Clayton Williams             Republican candidate        

                  62. William (Bill) Clements      Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  TEXAS                    CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  15     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. Phil Gramm                   Republican incumbent        

                  15. Hugh Parmer                  Democratic challenger       

                  19. Lloyd Bentsen                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. E. 'Kika' De La Garza        Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Ann Richards                 Democratic candidate        

                  52. Clayton Williams             Republican candidate        

                  62. William 'Bill' Clements      Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  TEXAS                    CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  18     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. Phil Gramm                   Republican incumbent        

                  15. Hugh Parmer                  Democratic challenger       

                  19. Lloyd Bentsen                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Craig Washington             Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Ann Richards                 Democratic candidate        

                  52. Clayton Williams             Republican candidate        

                  62. William 'Bill' Clements      Republican -- retiring      

 

==========================================================================
                                                                              
              STATE:  TEXAS                    CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  19     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. Phil Gramm                   Republican incumbent        

                  15. Hugh Parmer                  Democratic challenger       

                  19. Lloyd Bentsen                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  34. Larry Combest                Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Ann Richards                 Democratic candidate        

                  52. Clayton Williams             Republican candidate        

                  62. William 'Bill' Clements      Republican -- retiring      

                                                                               

==========================================================================

              STATE:  TEXAS                    CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  22     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. Phil Gramm                   Republican incumbent        

                  15. Hugh Parmer                  Democratic challenger       

                  19. Lloyd Bentsen                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Bruce Director               Democratic challenger       

                  34. Tom DeLay                    Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Ann Richards                 Democratic candidate        

                  52. Clayton Williams             Republican candidate        

                  62. William (Bill) Clements      Republican -- retiring      



==========================================================================
                                                                               
 
         STATE:  TEXAS                    CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  25      
                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. Phil Gramm                   Republican incumbent        

                  15. Hugh Parmer                  Democratic challenger       

                  19. Lloyd Bentsen                Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Michael A. Andrews           Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  51. Ann Richards                 Democratic candidate        

                  52. Clayton Williams             Republican candidate        

                  62. William (Bill) Clements      Republican -- retiring      

 

==========================================================================
                                                                               
              STATE:  VIRGINIA                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  03     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. John W. Warner               Republican incumbent        

                  19. Charles S. Robb              Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Jay Starke                   Democratic challenger       

                  34. Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.       Republican incumbent         

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  57. L. Douglas Wilder            Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                              

==========================================================================

              STATE:  VIRGINIA                 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  04     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. John W. Warner               Republican incumbent        

                  19. Charles S. Robb              Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Norman Sisisky               Democratic incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  57. L. Douglas Wilder            Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 

              STATE:  WASHINGTON               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  01     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Brock Adams                  Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Slade Gorton                 Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Cynthia Sullivan             Democratic challenger       

                  34. John Miller                  Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  57. William Booth Gardner        Democratic -- term not up   


==========================================================================
                                                                               

              STATE:  WASHINGTON               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  02     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Brock Adams                  Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Slade Gorton                 Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Al Swift                     Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Doug Smith                   Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  57. William Booth Gardner        Democratic -- term not up   

 

==========================================================================
                                                                               
              STATE:  WASHINGTON               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  07     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Brock Adams                  Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Slade Gorton                 Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               
              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Jim McDermott                Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Larry Penberthy              Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  57. William Booth Gardner        Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  WASHINGTON               CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  08     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Brock Adams                  Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Slade Gorton                 Republican -- term not up   
                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. David E. Giles               Democratic challenger       

                  34. Rod Chandler                 Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  57. William Booth Gardner        Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 

              STATE:  WISCONSIN                CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  04     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Herbert H. Kohl              Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Robert W. Kasten             Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Gerald D. Kleczka            Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Joseph L. Cook               Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  55. Thomas Loftus                Democratic challenger       

                  54. Tommy G. Thompson            Republican incumbent        



==========================================================================    
 
              STATE:  WISCONSIN                CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  05     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Herbert H. Kohl              Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Robert W. Kasten             Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Jim Moody                    Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Donalda Arnell Hammersmith   Republican challenger       

                                                                               
 
              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  55. Thomas Loftus                Democratic challenger       

                  54. Tommy G. Thompson            Republican incumbent        

 

==========================================================================
                                                                               
              STATE:  WISCONSIN                CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  09     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  17. Herbert H. Kohl              Democratic -- term not up   

                  18. Robert W. Kasten             Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  34. F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr.  Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  55. Thomas Loftus                Democratic challenger       

                  54. Tommy G. Thompson            Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 
              STATE:  WEST VIRGINIA            CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  01     

                                                                               
              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  13. John 'Jay' Rockefeller       Democratic incumbent        

                  16. John Yoder                   Republican challenger       

                  19. Robert C. Byrd               Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  33. Alan B. Mollohan             Democratic incumbent        

                  36. Howard K. Tuck               Republican challenger       

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  57. Gaston Caperton              Democratic -- term not up   

                                                                               

==========================================================================
 

              STATE:  WYOMING                  CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:  01     

                                                                               

              (A) NAMES FOR U.S. SENATE                                        

                  14. Alan K. Simpson              Republican incumbent        

                  15. Kathy Helling                Democratic challenger       

                  29. Malcolm Wallop               Republican -- term not up   

                                                                               

              (B) NAMES FOR U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES                      

                  35. Pete Maxfield                Democratic challenger       

                  34. Craig Thomas                 Republican incumbent        

                                                                               

              (C) NAMES FOR STATE GOVERNOR                                     

                  53. Mike Sullivan                Democratic incumbent        

                  56. Mary Mead                    Republican challenger       

                                                                               

                                                                               

>> 1991 LIST OF OFFICEHOLDERS

           List of Senators and Representatives By ICPSR State Code,
       with Gulf War Vote, Authorizing Use of Force in the Persian Gulf
  (Senate Joint Resolution 2 and House Joint Resolution 77, January 12, 1991)

                      (Y) = Vote for use of force
                      (N) = Vote against use of force

ICPSR
STATE  CD   Senator #1               Senator #2   Representative

1   03  Joseph Lieberman (Y)     Christopher Dodd (N)   Rosa DeLauro (N)
3   05  Edward Kennedy (N)       John Kerry (N)         Chester Atkins (N)
3   06  Edward Kennedy (N)       John Kerry (N)         Nicholas Mavroules (N)
3   07  Edward Kennedy (N)       John Kerry (N)         Edward Markey (N)
3   08  Edward Kennedy (N)       John Kerry (N)         Joseph Kennedy (N)
3   09  Edward Kennedy (N)       John Kerry (N)         Joe Moakley (N)
4   01  Robert Smith (Y)         Warren Rudman (Y)      Bill Zeliff (Y)
12  01  Frank Lautenberg (N)     Bill Bradley (N)       Robert Andrews (N)
12  02  Frank Lautenberg (N)           Bill Bradley (N)    William Hughes (Y)
13  06  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) Floyd Flake (N)
13  07  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) Gary Ackerman (Y)
13  10  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) Charles Schumer (N)
13  11  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) Edolphus Towns (N)
13  15  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) Bill Green (Y)
13  17  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) Ted Weiss (N)
13  18  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) Jose Serrano (N)
13  19  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) Elliot Engel (Y)
13  20  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) Nita Lowey (N)
13  22  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) Benjamin Gilman (Y)
13  31  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) Bill Paxon (Y)
13  32  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) John LaFalce (N)
13  33  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) Henry Nowak (N)
13  34  Daniel Patrick Moynihan (N)    Alfonse D'Amato (Y) Amo Houghton (Y)
14  01  John Heinz/Harris Wofford (Y)  Arlen Specter (Y)  Thomas Foglietta (N)
14  07  John Heinz/Harris Wofford (Y)  Arlen Specter (Y)  Curt Weldon (Y)
14  08  John Heinz/Harris Wofford (Y)  Arlen Specter (Y)  Peter Kostmayer (N)
14  12  John Heinz/Harris Wofford (Y)  Arlen Specter (Y)  John Murtha (Y)
14  13  John Heinz/Harris Wofford (Y)  Arlen Specter (Y) Lawrence Coughlin (Y)
14  14  John Heinz/Harris Wofford (Y)  Arlen Specter (Y) William Coyne (N)
14  18  John Heinz/Harris Wofford (Y)  Arlen Specter (Y) Rick Santorum (Y)
14  20  John Heinz/Harris Wofford (Y)  Arlen Specter (Y) Joseph Gaydos (N)
14  22  John Heinz/Harris Wofford (Y)  Arlen Specter (Y) Austin Murphy (N)
21  03  Paul Simon (N)                 Alan Dixon (N)   Marty Russo (N)
21  04  Paul Simon (N)                 Alan Dixon (N)   George Sangmeister (N)
21  07  Paul Simon (N)                 Alan Dixon (N)   Cardiss Collins (N) 

ICPSR
STATE  CD   Senator #1               Senator #2       Representative

21  08   Paul Simon (N)        Alan Dixon (N)       Dan Rostenkowski (Y)
21  13   Paul Simon (N)        Alan Dixon (N)       Harris Fawell (Y)
21  14   Paul Simon (N)        Alan Dixon (N)       Dennis Hastert (Y)
21  22   Paul Simon (N)        Alan Dixon (N)       Glenn Poshard (N)
22  04   Richard Lugar (Y)     Dan Coats (Y)        Jill Long (N)
23  05   Donald Riegle (N)     Carl Levin (N)       Paul Henry (Y)
23  08   Donald Riegle (N)     Carl Levin (N)       Bob Traxler (N)
23  09   Donald Riegle (N)     Carl Levin (N)       Guy Vander Jagt (Y)
23  12   Donald Riegle (N)     Carl Levin (N)       David Bonier (N)
23  13   Donald Riegle (N)     Carl Levin (N)       Barbara-Rose Collins (N)
23  16   Donald Riegle (N)     Carl Levin (N)       John Dingell (Y)
23  18   Donald Riegle (N)     Carl Levin (N)       William Broomfield (Y)
24  03   Howard Metzenbaum (N) John Glenn (N)       Tony Hall (N)
24  06   Howard Metzenbaum (N) John Glenn (N)       Bob McEwen (Y)
24  07   Howard Metzenbaum (N) John Glenn (N)       David Hobson (Y)
24  08   Howard Metzenbaum (N) John Glenn (N)       John Boehner (Y)
24  18   Howard Metzenbaum (N) John Glenn (N)       Douglas Applegate (N)
25  04   Herbert Kohl (N)      Robert Kasten (Y)    Kleczka (N)
25  05   Herbert Kohl (N)      Robert Kasten (Y)    Jim Moody (N)
25  09   Herbert Kohl (N)      Robert Kasten (Y)    James Sensenbrenner (Y)
31  04   Tom Harkin (N)        Charles Grassley (N) Neal Smith (N)
32  01   Nancy Landon Kassebaum (Y)   Bob Dole (Y)  Pat Roberts (Y)
33  01   David Durenberger (Y) Paul Wellstone (N)    Timothy Penny (N)
34  01   John Danforth (Y)     Christopher Bond (Y)  William Clay (N)
34  02   John Danforth (Y)     Christopher Bond (Y)  Joan Kelly Horn (N)
34  03   John Danforth (Y)     Christopher Bond (Y)  Richard Gephardt (N)
34  09   John Danforth (Y)     Christopher Bond (Y)  Harold Volkmer (Y)
40  03   Charles Robb (Y)      John Warner (Y)       Thomas Bliley (Y)
40  04   Charles Robb (Y)      John Warner (Y)       Norman Sisisky (Y)
41  03   Howell Heflin (Y)     Richard Shelby (Y)    Glen Browder (Y)
41  04   Howell Heflin (Y)     Richard Shelby (Y)    Tom Bevill (Y)
41  06   Howell Heflin (Y)     Richard Shelby (Y)    Ben Erdreich (Y)
41  07   Howell Heflin (Y)     Richard Shelby (Y)    Claude Harris (Y)
42  01   David Pryor (N)       Dale Bumpers (N)      Bill Alexander (N)
43  10   Connie Mack (Y)       Bob Graham (Y)        Andy Ireland (Y)
43  16   Connie Mack (Y)       Bob Graham (Y)        Lawrence Smith (N)
43  18   Connie Mack (Y)       Bob Graham (Y)        Ileana Ros-Lehtine (Y)
43  19   Connie Mack (Y)       Bob Graham (Y)        Dante Fascell (Y)
44  01   Sam Nunn (N)          Wyche Fowler (N)      Lindsay Thomas (Y)
44  03   Sam Nunn (N)          Wyche Fowler (N)      Richard Ray (Y)
47  07   Jesse Helms (Y)       Terry Sanford (N)     Charlie Rose (N)
49  08   Lloyd Bentsen (N)     Phil Gramm (Y)        Jack Fields (Y)
49  15   Lloyd Bentsen (N)     Phil Gramm (Y)        Kika De La Garza (Y)
49  18   Lloyd Bentsen (N)     Phil Gramm (Y)        Craig Washington (N)

ICPSR
STATE  CD   Senator #1       Senator #2            Representative

49  19   Lloyd Bentsen (N)    Phil Gramm (Y)          Larry Combest (Y)
49  22   Lloyd Bentsen (N)    Phil Gramm (Y)          Tom DeLay (Y)
49  25   Lloyd Bentsen (N)    Phil Gramm (Y)          Michael Andrews (Y)
52  02   Paul Sarbanes (N)    Barbara Mikulski (N)    Helen Delich Bentley (Y)
52  03   Paul Sarbanes (N)    Barbara Mikulski (N)    Benjamin Cardin (N)
52  04   Paul Sarbanes (N)    Barbara Mikulski (N)    Tom McMillen (Y)
52  06   Paul Sarbanes (N)    Barbara Mikulski (N)    Beverly Byron (Y)
52  07   Paul Sarbanes (N)    Barbara Mikulski (N)    Kweisi Mfume (N)
54  02   James Sasser (N)     Al Gore (Y)             John 'Jimmy' Duncan (Y)
54  03   James Sasser (N)     Al Gore (Y)             Marylin Lloyd (Y)
54  04   James Sasser (N)     Al Gore (Y)             Jim Cooper (Y)
56  01   Robert Byrd (N)      John 'Jay' Rockefeller (N)  Alan Mollohan (Y)
62  01   Hank Brown (Y)       Timothy Wirth (N)       Patricia Schroeder (N)
62  02   Hank Brown (Y)       Timothy Wirth (N)       David Skaggs (N)
62  06   Hank Brown (Y)       Timothy Wirth (N)       Dan Scheaffer (Y)
68  98   Malcolm Wallop (Y)   Alan Simpson (Y)        Craig Thomas (Y)
71  05   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Nancy Pelosi (N)
71  07   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) George Miller (N)
71  09   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Pete Stark (N)
71  10   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Don Edwards (N)
71  11   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Tom Lantos (Y)
71  14   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) John Doolittle (Y)
71  15   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Gary Condit (Y)
71  17   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Calvin Dooley (N)
71  18   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Richard Lehman (Y)
71  22   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Carlos Moorhead (Y)
71  24   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Henry Waxman (N)
71  25   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Edward Roybal (N)
71  26   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Howard Berman (Y)
71  27   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Mel Levine (Y)
71  29   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Maxine Waters (N)
71  30   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Matthew Martinez (N)
71  33   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) David Dreier (Y)
71  34   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Estaban Torres (N)
71  38   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Robert Dornan (Y)
71  40   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Christopher Cox (Y)
71  42   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Dana Rohrabacher (Y)
71  43   John Seymour (Y)     Alan Cranston (No Vote) Ron Packard (Y)
72  04   Mark Hatfield (N)    Bob Packwood (Y)        Peter DeFazio (N)
73  01   Slade Gorton (Y)     Brock Adams (N)         John Miller (Y)
73  02   Slade Gorton (Y)     Brock Adams (N)         Al Swift (N)
73  07   Slade Gorton (Y)     Brock Adams (N)         Jim McDermott (N)
73  08   Slade Gorton (Y)     Brock Adams (N)         Rod Chandler (Y)




>> 1992 STATE PRIMARY BALLOT CARDS


                           BALLOT CARD FOR ALABAMA

                     Candidates for the June 2nd Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            H. Ross Perot (write-in)           H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            Other                              Uncommitted
            Uncommitted


                           BALLOT CARD FOR ARIZONA

                     Candidates for the March 7th Caucus


            March 7th Caucus                   

            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        No Caucus, or Primary
            Bill Clinton
            Tom Harkin
            Paul Tsongas
            Uncommitted


                          BALLOT CARD FOR ARKANSAS

                     Candidates for the May 26th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Lyndon H. LaRouche                 H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            Uncommitted


                         BALLOT CARD FOR CALIFORNIA

                     Candidates for the June 2nd Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown            Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas                    H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            H. Ross Perot (write-in)           
            Unc/Other



                          BALLOT CARD FOR COLORADO

                    Candidates for the March 3rd Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Tom Harkin                         Other
            Bob Kerry
            Paul E. Tsongas
            Others/Unc


                         BALLOT CARD FOR CONNECTICUT

                    Candidates for the March 24th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas                    David Duke
            Other                              Uncommitted
            Uncommitted


                           BALLOT CARD FOR FLORIDA

                    Candidates for the March 10th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        George Bush
            Bill Clinton                       Patrick J. Buchanan
            Tom Harkin
            Paul E. Tsongas
            Other


                          BALLOT CARD FOR GEORGIA

                    Candidates for the March 3rd Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Tom Harkin
            Bob Kerry
            Paul E. Tsongas
            Uncommitted


                          BALLOT CARD FOR ILLINOIS

                    Candidates for the March 17th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas                    Others
            Uncommitted
            Others


                           BALLOT CARD FOR INDIANA

                     Candidates for the May 5th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Bob Kerrey                         
            Paul E. Tsongas


                            BALLOT CARD FOR IOWA

                   Candidates for the February 10th Caucus


            Democrats                                    Republicans
            ------------                                --------------
            Edmund G. Brown Jr.                          George Bush
            Bill Clinton                                 Uncommitted
            Tom Harkin
            Bob Kerrey
            Paul E. Tsongas
            Others
            Uncommitted


                           BALLOT CARD FOR KANSAS

                    Candidates for the April 7th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas                    David Duke
            Others                             Others
            Uncommitted                        Uncommitted



                         BALLOT CARD FOR KENTUCKY

                     Candidates for the May 26th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        George Bush
            Bill Clinton                       Uncommitted
            Paul E. Tsongas                    H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            Others
            Uncommitted


                          BALLOT CARD FOR LOUISIANA

                    Candidates for the March 10th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Pat Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Tom Harkin                         David Duke
            Paul E. Tsongas                    Other
            Other


                          BALLOT CARD FOR MARYLAND

                    Candidates for the March 3rd Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Tom Harkin
            Bob Kerry
            Paul E. Tsongas
            Others



                        BALLOT CARD FOR MASSACHUSETTS

                    Candidates for the March 10th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            --------                           -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Pat Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Tom Harkin                         David Duke
            Paul E. Tsongas                    Other
            Other                              Uncommitted
            Uncommitted



                          BALLOT CARD FOR MICHIGAN

                    Candidates for the March 17th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Tom Harkin                         David Duke
            Bob Kerry                          Uncommitted
            Paul E. Tsongas
            Uncommitted


                          BALLOT CARD FOR MINNESOTA

                    Candidates for the April 7th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas                    Harold E. Stassen
            Uncommitted/Others                 Uncommitted/Others



                          BALLOT CARD FOR MISSOURI

            March 10th Caucus                  April 14th Caucus


            Democrats                          Republicans 
            ------------                       --------------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        George Bush
            Bill Clinton                       Pat Buchanan
            Paul E. Tsongas                    Uncommitted
            Uncommitted



                          BALLOT CARD FOR NEBRASKA

                     Candidates for the May 12th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown, Jr.       Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas                    David Duke
            H. Ross Perot (write-in)           H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            Other                              Other
            Uncommitted


                        BALLOT CARD FOR NEW HAMPSHIRE

                  Candidates for the February 18th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. Brown Jr.                George Bush
            Bill Clinton                       Patrick J. Buchanan
            Tom Harkin                         Jim Lennane
            Bob Kerrey                         Bill Clinton (Write-in)
            Tom Laughlin                       Ralph Nader (Write-in)
            Paul E. Tsongas                    Paul E. Tsongas (Write-in)
            Charles Woods                      (Others)
            Mario M. Cuomo (Write-in)
            Ralph Nader (Write-in)
            Others


                         BALLOT CARD FOR NEW JERSEY

                     Candidates for the June 2nd Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas                    H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            Unc/Other



                         BALLOT CARD FOR NEW MEXICO

                     Candidates for the June 2nd Primary


            Democrats                          Republican
            ---------                          ----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas                    H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            H. Ross Perot (write-in)           Uncommitted
            Unc/other



                          BALLOT CARD FOR NEW YORK

                    Candidates for the April 7th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown            No Primary
            Bill Clinton                       
            Paul E. Tsongas
            Others



                       BALLOT CARD FOR NORTH CAROLINA

                     Candidates for the May 5th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas                    No Preference
            Others
            No Preference



                            BALLOT CARD FOR OHIO

                     Candidates for the June 2nd Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas                    H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            Unc/Other


                           BALLOT CARD FOR OREGON

                     Candidates for the May 19th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas                    David Duke
            H. Ross Perot (write-in)           H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            Others
                                      


                        BALLOT CARD FOR PENNSYLVANIA


            Democrats: April 28th Primary      Reps: April 28th Caucus
            -----------------------------      -----------------------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas
            Others


                          BALLOT CARD FOR TENNESSEE

                    Candidates for the March 10th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Pat Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Tom Harkin                         David Duke
            Paul E. Tsongas                    Uncommitted
            Other
            Uncommitted


                            BALLOT CARD FOR TEXAS

                    Candidates for the March 10th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Pat Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Tom Harkin                         David Duke
            Paul E. Tsongas                    Other
            Other


                          BALLOT CARD FOR VIRGINIA


            Democrats: Apr. 11, 13 Caucuses    Republicans: No Caucus
            ------------------------------     -------------------------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.
            Bill Clinton
            Uncommitted


                         BALLOT CARD FOR WASHINGTON

                     Candidates for the May 19th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ----------                         -----------

            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas                    David Duke
            H. Ross Perot (write-in)           Steven Michael
            Others                             H. Ross Perot (write-in)



                        BALLOT CARD FOR WEST VIRGINIA

                     Candidates for the May 12th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Angus McDonald                     Jack Fellure
            Paul E. Tsongas                    H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            H. Ross Perot (write-in)
            Others


                          BALLOT CARD FOR WISCONSIN

                    Candidates for the April 7th Primary


            Democrats                          Republicans
            ---------                          -----------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        Patrick J. Buchanan
            Bill Clinton                       George Bush
            Paul E. Tsongas                    David Duke
            Other                              Uncommitted
            Uncommited



                           BALLOT CARD FOR WYOMING

                                      


           Democrats: March 7 Caucus          Republicans: March 7-31 Caucuses
            -------------------------         
---------------------------------
            Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr.        George Bush
            Bill Clinton                       Uncommitted
            Tom Harkin
            Paul E. Tsongas
            Uncommitted







>> FOOTNOTES FOR CONTEXTUAL DATA, 1991 Pilot Panel Study 

[1980 CENSUS, COUNTY LEVEL]
     
                             01    VACANT SEASONAL/MIGRATORY UNITS
                                   ARE EXCLUDED FROM ALL MATRICES
                                   EXCEPT AS NOTED SPECIFICALLY IN
                                   THE DOCUMENTATION.
                             02    THE FARM POPULATION IS DEFINED AS
                                   PERSONS LIVING IN RURAL TERRITORY
                                   ON PLACES FROM WHICH S1,000 OR
                                   MORE OF FARM PRODUCTS WERE SOLD
                                   IN 1979. IN 1970, THE DEFINITION
                                   ItlCLUDED ALL RURAL PLACES WITH SALES
                                   OF $250 OR MORE, PLUS RURAL PLACES
                                   OF 10 OR MORE ACRES WITH SALES OF $50
                                   TO $249.
                             03    THE COUNT OF HOUSEHOLDS IN SAMPLE
                                   TABULATIONS MAY DIFFER FROM THE
                                   NUMBER OF OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS.
                                   THIS IS A RESULT OF THE WEIGHTING
                                   PROCESS USED TO MINIMIZE DIFFERENCES
                                   BETWEEN COMPLETE COUNTS AND SAMPLE
                                   ESTIMATES. AN INDICATION OF THE
                                   TYPE OF WEIGHT (POPULATION OR HOUSING)
                                   FOR EACH MATRIX IS LISTED IN FOOTNOTE
                                   50.
                             04    "ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER," IN THE
                                   100-PERCENT TABULATIONS, INCLUDES
                                   "JAPANESE," "CHINESE," "FILIPINO,"
                                   "KOREAN, " "ASIAN INDIAN, " "VIETNAMESE,"
                                   "HAWAIIAN," "GUAMANIAN," AND "SAMOAN."
                                   "ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER," IN
                                   SAMPLE TABULATIONS, INCLUDES THE GROUPS
                                   LISTED ABOVE AND THOSE PERSONS WHO HAVE
                                   A WRITE-IN ENTRY OF AN ASIAN OR PACIFIC
                                   ISLANDER GROUP IN THE "OTHER" CATEGORY.
                            05     FOR DATA TABULATED ON A 100-PERCENT
                                   BASIS, INCLUDES ALL PERSONS IN THE
                                   CATEGORY "OTHER." FOR DATA TABULATED
                                   FROM THE SAMPLE, EXCLUDES THOSE
                                   PERSONS WHO HAVE A WRITE-IN ENTRY OF
                                   AN ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER GROUP
                                   IN THE "OTHER" CATEGORY.
                            06     THIS CATEGORY REFERS TO WRITE-IN ENTRIES
                                   OF SPANISH GROUPS IN THE RACE QUESTION.
                                   SUCH ENTRIES ARE NOT NECESSARILY
                                   CONSISTENT WITH RESPONSES IN THE
                                   SPANISH ORIGIN QUESTION.

                            07     TABULATIONS OF "PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD" BASED 
                                  ON 100-PERCENT DATA BY DEFINITION ARE THE
                                  SAME AS TABULATIONS OF "PERSONS IN UNIT."
                                  THE PHRASE "PERSONS IN HOUEHOLD" IS  
                                  USED UNLESS THE MATRIX IS STRATIFIED BY A
                                  HOUSING ITEM SUCH AS TENURE, PLUMBING
                                  FACILTIES, ETC., IN WHICH CASE, THE PHRASE
                                  "PERSONS IN UNIT" IS USED. TABULATIONS OF
                                  "PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD" AND "PERSONS IN UNIT"
                                  BASED ON SAMPLE DATA ARE NOT NECESSARILY THE
                                  SAME BECAUSE OF DIFFERENCES IN THE
                                  PROCEDURES USED TO INFLATE SAMPLE POPULATION
                                  AND HOUSING DATA.

                            08    RELATIVES INCLUDE HOUSEHOLDER, SPOUSE, AND
                                  THE QUESTIONNAIRE CATEGORIES,
                                  "SON/DAUGHTER," BROTHER/SISTER,"
                                  "FATHER/MOTHER," AND "OTHER RELATIVES"
                                  INCLUDE ALL CATEGORIES NOT SHOWN
                                  SEPARATELY IN THE MATRIX.

                            09    "NONRELATIVES" INCLUDE THE QUESTIONNAIRE
                                  CATEGORES: "ROOMER, BOARDER," "PARTNER,
                                  ROOMMATE," "PAID EMPLOYEE," AND "OTHER
                                  NONRELATIVE," TABULATIONS OF "NONRELATIVES"
                                  INCLUDE ALL CATEGORIES NOT SHOWN SEPARATELY
                                  IN THE MATRIX.

                            10    A "CHILD OF HOUSEHOLDER" INCLUDES ANY SON,  
                                  DAUGHTER, STEPCHILD, OR APOTED CHILD OF THE
                                  HOUSEHOLDER. AN "OWN CHILD OF HOUSEHOLDER"
                                  IS A NEVER-MARRIED CHILD UNDER 18 YEARS OF
                                  AGE WHO IS A SON, DAUGHTER, STEPCHILD, OR
                                  ADOPTED CHILD OF THE HOUSEHOLDER. "RELATED
                                  CHILDREN" INCLUDE NOT ONLY OWN CHILDREN BUT
                                  ALSO ALL OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS, REGARDLESS OF
                                  MARITAL STATUS, WHO ARE UNDER 18 YEARS OLD,
                                  EXCEPT THE HOUSEHOLDER OR SPOUSE. FOSTER
                                  CHILDREN ARE INCLUDED IN THE "NONRELATIVE"
                                  CATEGORY.

                                  IN SUBFAMILIES AN "OWN CHILD" IS A NEVER- 
                                   MARRIED CHILD UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE WHO IS
                                  A SON, DAUGHTER, STEPCHILD, OR ADOPTED CHILD
                                  OF A MOTHER IN A MOTHER-CHILD SUBFAMILY, A
                                  FATHER IN A FATHER-CHILD SUBFAMILY, OR
                                  EITHER SPOUSE IN A MARRIED-COUPLE SUBFAMILY.

                           11     TABULATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES ARE 
                                  CLASSIFIED BY THE RACE AND SPANISH ORIGIN OF
                                  THE HOUSEHOLDER.

                           12     THIS AGGREGATE, ALONG WITH THE RELEVANT
                                  COUNT, WILL PREMIT THE COMPUTATION OF A
                                  MEAN. FOR EXAMPLE, THE AGGREGATE VALUE FOR
                                  SPECIFIED OWNER-OCCUPIED NONCONDOMINIUM
                                  UNITS WILL YIELD THE MEAN VALUE WHEN DIVIDED
                                  BY THE COUNT OF SPECIFIED OWNER-OCCUPIED
                                  NONCONDOMINIUM UNITS, AND THE AGGREGATE
                                  ROOMS FOR OCCUPIED AND VACANT YEAR-ROUND
                                  UNITS DIVIDED BY THE COUNT OF OCCUPIED AND
                                  VACANT YEAR-ROUND UNITS YIELDS MEAN ROOMS.
                                  (SEE FOOTNOTE 35 PRIOR TO COMPUTING MEAN
                                  VALUE OR PRICE ASKED.)

                           13     INCLUDES RESONSES INDICATING RELIGIOUS
                                  GROUPS AND UNCLASSIFIABLE RESPONSES.

                           14     PERSONS MAY BE COUNTED MORE THAN ONCE IN
                                  THIS TABULATION.

                           15     "EVER MARRIED" INCLUDES THE QUESTIONNAIRE
                                  CATEGORES: "NOW MARRIED," "SEPARATED,"
                                  "WIDOWED," AND "DIVORCED."

                           16     "NOT REPORTED" MEANS PLACE OF WORK WAS NOT
                                   REPORTED AT ALL OR WAS NOT REPORTED AT
                                   LEAST TO THE COUNTY LEVEL. ONE EXCEPTION TO
                                   THIS IS IN THE TREATMENT OF NEW YORK CITY,
                                   WHERE A RESPONSE OF "NEW YORK CITY" WITHOUT
                                   REPORTING COUNTY (BOROUGH) IS TREATED AS
                                   REPORTED. IN TABULATIONS, "REPORTED" CASES
                                   THAT ARE NOT REPORTED TO THE AREA REQUIRED
                                   FOR A SPECIFIC TABULATION ARE TREATED AS
                                   REPORTED BUT AS WORKING OUTSIDE OF THAT
                                   AREA. FOR EXAMPLE, FOR PLACE-OF-WORK
                                   TABULATIONS AT THE PLACE LEVEL, IN A CASE
                                   WHERE THE PLACE OF WORK WAS REPORTED ONLY
                                   TO THE STATE AND COUNTY LEVELS, THE
                                   RESPONSE IS TALLIED AS WORKING OUTSIDE OF
                                   THE PLACE.

                           17     AN IDENTIFIED PLACE IS A PLACE, WITH A
                                  POPULATION OF 2,500 OR MORE (1,000 OR MORE
                                  INALASKA AND HAWAII) GENERALLY BASED ON 1977
                                  POPULATION ESTIMATES, THAT WAS RECOGNIZED IN
                                  PRECENSUS GEOGRAPHY. IN MAIL ENUMERATION
                                  AREAS, IDENTIFIED PLACES WERE THOSE
                                  RECOGNIZED AS OF JANUARY 1, 1978;
                                  IN CONVENTIONAL ENUMERATION AREAS,
                                  IDENTIFIED PLACES WERE THOSE
                                  RECOGNIZED AS OF JANUARY 1, 1979.
                                  POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR IDENTIFIED
                                  PLACES WHICH INCORPORATED AFTER 1977
                                  ARE BASED ON TIIE BEST AVAILABLE INFOR-
                                  MATION.

                          18     "PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION" INCLUDES "BUS OR
                                 STREETCAR," "RAILROAD," "SUBWAY OR ELEVATED,"
                                 AND "TAXICAB."

                          19     "MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK"
                                 INCLUDE "CAR," "TRUCK," "VAN,"
                                 "BUS OR STREETCAR," "RAILROAD,"
                                 "SUBWAY OR ELEVATED," "TAXICAB,"
                                 "MOTORCYCLE," "BICYCLE," "WALKED ONLY,"
                                 "WORKED AT HOME," AND "OTHER."
                                 TABULATIONS OF "OTHER MEANS"
                                 INCLUDE ALL CATEGORIES NOT SHOWN
                                 SEPARATELY IN THE MATRIX OR NOT
                                 SPECIFIED AS "PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION."
                                 (SEE FOOTNOTE 18.)

                          20     VETERANS ARE CLASSIFIED BY THE MOST
                                 RECENT PERIOD OF SERVICE, EXCLUDING
                                 PEACE TIME SERVICE.

                          21     HOUSEHOLDS MAY BE COUNTED MORE THAN
                                 ONCE IN THIS TABULATION.

                          22     IN THIS MATRIX, THE AGGREGATE INCOME
                                 FIGURES REFER TO THE AMOUNT OF
                                 INCOME FOR EACH SPECIFIC TYPE
                                 SEPARATELY (E.G., THE FIRST AGGRE-
                                 GATE SHOWS THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF
                                 WAGE OR SALARY INCOME RECEIVED BY
                                 HOUSEHOLDS IN 1979).

                          23     Tabulations of poverty atotua
                                 exclude inmates of institutions,
                                 persons in military group quarters
                                 and in college dormitories and
                                 unrelated individuals under
                                 15 years. (See footnote 54.)
                         
                          24     VACANT HOUSING UNITS INCLUDE
                                 THE QUESTIONNAIRE CATEGORIES
                                 "FOR RENT," "FOR SALE ONLY,"
                                 "RENTED OR SOLD, NOT OCCUPIED,"
                                 "HELD FOR OCCASIONAL USE," AND
                                 "OTHER VACANT." TABULATIONS OF
                                 "OTHER VACANTS" INCLUDE ALL CATE-
                                 GORIES NOT SHOWN SEPARATELY IN THE
                                 MATRIX.

                          25    "Units in structure" includes "A
                                mobile home or trailer," "A one-family house
                                detached from any other house," "A one-family
                                house attached to one or more houses," "A
                                 building for 2 families," "A building for 3   
                                to 4 families," "A building for 5 to 9
                                families," "A bulldlng for 10 to 19 families,"
                                A building for 20 to 49 families," "A building
                                for 50 or more families," "A boat, tent,
                                van, etc." Tabulations of "Mobile home or
                                trailar, etc." include "A mobile home or
                                trailer," and "A boat, tent, van, etc."

                         26    "UTILITY GAS" INCLUDES "GAS" FROM
                                UNDERGROUND PIPES SERVING THE
                                NEIGHBORHOOD."

                         Z7     FUELS INCLUDE "UTILITY GAS" (SEE
                                FOOTNOTE 26), BOTTLED, TANK OR
                                LP GAS," "ELECTRICITY," "FUEL OIL,
                                KEROSENE, ETC.," "COAL OR COKE,"
                                "WOOD," "OTHER FUEL, " AND "NO FUEL
                                USED." TABULATIONS OF "OTHER"
                                INCLUDE ALL CATEGORIES NOT SHOWN
                                SEPARATELY IN THE MATRIX.

                         28     "Vehicles" includes automoblles,
                                 trucks, and vans.

                         29     GROSS RENT AND CONTRACT RENT ARE
                                TABULATED FOR ALL "RENTEK-OCCUPIED"
                                UNITS EXCEPT ONE-FAMlLY HOMES ON
                                A PROPERTY OF 10 OR MORE ACRES.
                                UNITS TABULATED IN THE "NO CASH
                                RENT" CATEGORY ALSO EXCLUDE ONE
                                FAMILY HOMES ON 10 OR MORE ACRES.
                                A UNIT CLASSIFIED AS "NO CASH RENT"
                                IN CONTRACT RENT WILL REMAIN NO
                                CASH RENT IN THE GROSS RENT
                                DISTRIBUTION EVEN IF THE UNIT'S
                                OCCUPANTS PAY FOR UTILITIES THEM-
                                SELVES. GROSS RENT IS THE SUM OF
                                CONTRACT RENT AND UTILITY COSTS.
                                RENT ASKED IS TABULATED FOR "VACANT-
                                FOR-RENT" UNITS EXCEPT ONE-FAMlLY
                                HOMES ON 1O OR MORE ACRES.

                         30     "UTILITIES" INCLUDE "ELECTRICITY,"
                                "GAS," "WATER." AND "OIL COAL, KEROSENE, WOOD,
                                ETC."
                               
                         31     INCLUDES HOUSEHOLDS WITH ZERO
                                OR NEGATIVE INCOME AND UNITS TABULATED IN THE
                                "NO CASH RENT" CATEGORY.

                         32     "SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS"
                                IS THE SUM OF PAYMENTS FOR REAL
                                ESTATE TAXES, PR0PERTY INSURANCE,
                                UTILITITES (SEE FOOTNOTE 30), AND
                                REGULAR MORTGAGE PAYMENTS.


                         33     VALUE AND PRICE ASKED ARE TABULATED SEPARATELY
                                FOR NONCONDOMINIUM AND CONDOMINIUM UNITS.

                                THE NONCONDOMINIUM VALUE DISTRIBUTION IS
                                RESTRICTED TO CERTAIN KINDS OF "OWNER-
                                OCCUPIED" UNITS; THE NONCONDOMINIUM PRICE
                                ASKED DISTRIBUTION IS RESTRICTED TO CERTAIN
                                KINDS OF "VACANT-FOR-SALE-ONLY" UNITS. THE
                                NONCONDOMINIUM SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS
                                DISTRIBUTION IS RESTRICTED TO CERTAIN KINDS OF
                                OWNER-OCCUPIED UNITS. THE FOLLOWING ARE
                                EXCLUDED FROM THE TABULATIONS ON VALUE, PRICE
                                ASKED, AND SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS FOR
                                NONCONDOMINIUM UNITS:

                       A. UNITS AT AN ADDRESS WITH TWO 0R MORE UNITS
                       B. UNITS ON 10 OR MORE ACRES
                       C. UNITS WITH A COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT OR MEDICAL
                          OFFICE ON THE PROPERTY
                       D. MOBILE HOME OR TRAILER
                                        
                                THE CONDOMINIUM VALUE DISTRIBUTION IS
                                TABULATED FOR ALL "OWNER-OCCUPIED" CONDOMINIUM
                                UNITS; THE CONDOMINIUM PRICE ASKED
                                DISTRIBUTION IS TABULATED FOR ALL "VACANT-FOR-
                                SALE-ONLY" CONDOMINIUM UNITS. SELECTED MONTHLY
                                OWNER COSTS ARE NOT ACCUMULATED FOR
                                CONDOMINIUM UNITS.

                         34     INCLUDES HOUSEHOLDS WITH ZERO OR NEGATIVE
                                INCOME.

                         35     MULTIPLY THE AGGREGATE VALUE AND PRICE ASKED
                                BY $250 TO OBTAIN THE TRUE VALUE OR PRICE
                                ASKED. THE TABULATION WAS SCALED BY A FACTOR
                                OF 350 FOR TALLY PURPOSES.

                         36     "WITH CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM" INCLUDES "STEAM
                                OR HOT WATER SYSTEM," "CENTRAL WARM-AIR
                                FURNACE," "ELECTRIC HEAT PUMP," "OTHER BUILT-
                                IN ELECTRIC UNITS," AND "FLOUR, WALL, OR
                                PIPELESS FURNACE." "LACKING CENTRAL HEATING
                                SOME BUT NOT ALL PLUMBING FACILTIES, OR NO
                                PLUMBING FACILITIES.

                         38     THESE COUNTS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FOR SUMMARY
                                LEVELS ON STF 3, FILE B. ZERO (S) WILL BE
                                SHOWN.

                         39     SEE APPENDIX B2 FOR LANGUAGE CODES.

                         40     SEE APPENDIX B3 FOR ANCESTRY CODES AND FOR
                                DEFINITION OF SINGLE AND MULTIPLE ANCESTRY.

                         41     SEE APPENDIX B4 FOR DEFINITION OF INMATE
                                STATUS (NONINSTITUTIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL)
                                AND FOR TYPE OF GROUP QUARTERS CODES.

                         42     SEE APPEIIDIX B5 FOR INDUSTRY CODES.

                         43     SEE APPEIIDIX B6 FOR OCCUPATION CODES.

                         44     PER CAPITA INCOME IS CALCULATED BY DIVIDING
                                THE AGGREGATE INCOME FOR PERSONS 15 YEARS AND
                                OVER BY THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS IN THE
                                GROUP.

                         45     SEE APPENDIX B7 FOR DEFINITIONS OF LABOR FORCE
                                STATUS CATEGORIES.

                         46     PERIOD OF SERVICE INCLUDES "MAY
                                1975 OR LATER," "VIETNAM ERA," "FEBRUARY
                                1955 TO JULY 1964," "KOREAN CONFLICT," "WORLD
                                WAR II," "WORLD WAR I," AND "OTHER SERVICE."
                                TABULATIONS OF "OTHER" INCLUDE ALL CATEGORIES
                                NOT SHOWN SEPARATELY IN THE MATRIX.

                         47     SEE APPEIIDIX B5 FOR RACE CODES.

                         50     EACH SAMPLE PERSON AND HOUSING UNIT WAS
                                ASSIGNED A WEIGHT AS THE RESULT OF A COMPLEX
                                RATIO ESTIMATION PROCEDURE.

                                SAMPLE HOUSING UNITS WERE ASSIGNED ONE
                                WEIGHT EACH AND SAMPLE PERSONS WERE
                                ASSIGNED TWO TYPES OF WEIGHTS. THE
                                FIRST WEIGHT fOR PERSONS APPLIES TO
                                SAMPLE DATA EXCEPT PLACE OF WORK,
                                TRAVEL TIME TO WORK, AND MIGRATION
                                (I.E., RESIDENCE IN 1975) TABULATIONS;
                                THIS WEIGHT WAS ASSIGNED TO ALL
                                SAMPLE PERSONS. THE SECOND

                                WEIGHT FOR PERSONS, WHICH APPLIES
                                TO PLACE OF WORK, TRAVEL TIME TO
                                WORK, AND MIGRATION DATA, WAS
                                ASSIGNED TO THOSE SAMPLE PERSONS
                                WHO WERE INCLUDED IN THE PLACE
                                OF WORK AND MIGRATION CODING OPERATION.
                                THESE WEIGHTS VARY FROM PERSON TO PER-
                                SON AND FROM HOUSING UNIT TO HOUSING
                                UNIT, BUT ON THE AVERAGE THEY ARE
                                APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO THE INVERSE
                                OF EACH RECORDS SAMPLE SELECTION
                                PROBABILITY. THE TABULATIONS IN THIS
                                FILE ARE BASED ON SUMMING THE
                                WEIGHTS OF THE APPROPRIATE PERSONS
                                OR HOUSING UNITS RELATING TO THE
                                TABULATION. FOR SPECIFIED
                                AGGREGATES, INDICATED BELOW, THE
                                CHARACTERISTIC DATA ARE MULTIPLIED
                                BY THE WEIGHT; FOR EXAMPLE,
                                IN AGGREGATE INCOME FOR PERSONS THE
                                AMOUNT OF INCOME IS MULTIPLIED BY THE
                                WEIGHT. IN MEDIANS, THE WEIGHTS
                                ARE BROUGHT TO BEAR INDIRECTLY
                                THROUGH THE DISTRIBUTI0N USED
                                TO CALCULATE THE MEASURE. FOR
                                FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD TABULATIONS
                                (POPULATION TYPE). ONLY THE
                                WEIGHTS OF THE HOUSEHOLDER ARE USED.
                                FOR SUBFAMILY TABULATIONS, THE WEIGHTS
                                USED ARE THOSE ASSIGNED) TO THE
                                SUBFAMILY REFERENCE PERSON (I.E., THE
                                PERSON WHO IS THE EQUIVALENT OF A
                                HOUSEHOLDER FOR THE SUBFAMILY).
                                THE FOLLOWING IS A LISTING Of THE
                                WEIGHTD USED IN PRODUCING EACH
                                TABULATION:
                                     PERSONS WEIGHT5 -- TABULATIONS 1,
                                       7, 6, 12-17, 19, 22, 24-67,
                                       81-85, AND 90-95.
                                       
                                        NOTE: TABULATIONS 31, 60,
                                              64, 83, AND 84 ARE
                                              AGGREGATES.
                                              TABULATIONS 34-39, 41,
                                              AND 42 USE THE PLACE
                                              OF WORK, TRAVEL TIME TO WORK,
                                              AND MIGRATION WEIGHT
                                              EXCLUSIVELY. TABULATION 42 IS AN
                                              AGGREGATE. TABULATIONS 82 AND 85
                                              ARE DERIVED MEASURES.

                                    HOUSEHOLDER (PERSON) WEIGHTS --
                                      TABULATIONS 9, 10, 18, 20, 21, 68-80,
                                      AND 86-89.

                                    NOTE: TABULATIONS 70, 72, 77, 78, AND 80
                                          ARE AGGREGATES. TABULATIONS 69 AND
                                          74 ARE DERIVED MEASURES.

                                   SUBFAMILY REFERENCE PERSON WEIGHT --
                                     TABULATION 23.

                                   HOUSING UNIT WEIGHTS -- 4, 11, AND 96-150.

                                   NOTE: TABULATIONS 100, 101, 104, 128, 129,
                                         137, 140, AND 141 ARE AGGREGATES.
                                         TABULATIONS 127 AND 134 ARE DERIVED
                                         MEASURES.

                                   UNWEIGHTED COUNTS -- TABULATIONS 2, 3, 5,
                                     AND 6.

                                   NOTE: TABULATIONS 2 AND 5 ARE ACTUAL (UNIT)
                                         COUNTS OF PERSONS AND HOUSING UNITS
                                         IN THE SAMPLE. TABULATIONS 3 AND 6
                                         ARE 100-PERCENT COUNTS OF PERSONS AND
                                         HOUSING UNITS.

                           51    INCLUDES FEMALES WH0 ARE A HOUSEHOLDER
                                 A SPOUSE OF HOUSEHOLDER,
                                 A MOTHER IN A MOTHER-CHILD SUB-
                                 FAMILY, OR A FEMALE SPOUSE IN A
                                 MARRIED-COUPLE SUBFAMILY.

                           52    NOT USED.

                           53    CODE RANGES MAY INCLUDE CODES
                                 WHICH ARE NOT USED.

                           54    "UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS" INCLUDE
                                 NONRELATIVES 1N FAMILY HOUSE-
                                 HOLDS. PERSONS IN NONFAMILY
                                 HOUSEHOLDS. AND NONINMATES IN GROUP
                                 QUARTERS .




>> Reports and Papers, 1990-1992 



                       1. List of NES Working Papers

1.   Sanchez, Maria. (July 1982) "7-Point Scales." 

2.   Shanks, J. Merrill, Maria Sanchez, and Betsy Morton. (March 1983). 
"Alternative Approaches to Survey Data Collection for the National Election
Studies."  

3.   Lake, Celinda. (September 1983) "Similarity and Representativeness of
1983 Pilot Samples." 

4.   Lake, Celinda. (November 1983) "Comparison of 3-point, 5-point, and
7-point Scales from the CATI Experiment 1982 Election Study." 

5.   NES Staff. (December 1983) "1980 Precinct Data Returns Project."  

6.   Lake, Celinda. (February 1984) "Coding of Independent/Independents and
Apoliticals in the Party Identification Summary Code and Apoliticals in the
Rolling Cross-Section." 

7.   Morchio, Giovanna and Maria Sanchez.  (February 1984) "Creation of a
Filter Variable to be Used When Analyzing Questions about Congressional
Candidates in the 1982 Integrated Personal/ISR CATI/Berkeley CATI Dataset:  A
Report to the Board of Overseers, National Election Studies." 

8.   Morchio, Giovanna and Maria Sanchez. (March 1984) "Comparison of the
Michigan Method of District Assignment on the Telephone with the Personal
Interview Simulated Data:  A Report to the Board of Overseers, National
Election Studies."  

9.   Traugott, Santa. (June 1984) "Two Versions of the Abortion Question."

10.  Sanchez, Maria.(July 1984) "Branching versus 7-point scale measurements."

11.  NES Staff. (August 1984) "Weekly Field Report for the National Election 
Studies Continuous Monitoring, Jan. 11 - Aug. 3, 1984: A Report to the Board
of Overseers,      National Election Studies."

12.  NES Staff. (August 1984)  "Questions and Versions in NES Continuous
Monitoring, 1984: A Report to the Board of Overseers, National Election
Studies." 

13.  NES Staff. (n.d) "Years of Schooling." 

14.  NES Staff. (n.d)  "Newspaper Code." 

15.  Traugott, Santa. (n.d.) "The Political Interest Variable on the 1984
Election Study." Unpublished Staff Memo to NES Planning Committee.


16.  Sanchez, Maria and Giovanna Morchio. (n.d.) Probing Don't Know Answers --
Do We Always Want to Do This?"  

17.  NES Staff. (February 1985) "Progress of the Rolling Cross Section." 

18.  Traugott, Santa. (February 1985) "Production for the Pre-Post" 

19.  Traugott, Santa. (February 1985) "Some Analysis of Hard-to-Reach Rolling
Thunder Respondents." 

20.  Traugott, Santa. (April 1985)  "Sample Weighting in NES Continuous
Monitoring, 1984: A Report to the Board of Overseers, National Election
Studies." 

21.  Traugott, Santa. (April 1985). "Sample Weighting in NES Pre-Post Election
Survey,1984: A Report to the Board of Overseers, National Election
Studies." 

22.  Brehm, John. (June 1985) "Report on Coding of Economic Conditions Series
in the 1984 Pre-Post Election Study"

23.  Brehm, John. (July 1985). "Question Ordering Effects on Reported Vote
Choice.

24.  Traugott, Santa. (July 1985) "Assessment of Media Measures in RXS."

25.  Traugott, Santa. (July 1985) "Assessment of Media Measures in Pre-Post" 

26.  Brehm, John. (August 1985). "Analysis of Result Code Disposition for
Continuous Monitoring by Time in Field: Report to the Board of Overseers,
National Election Studies." 

27.  Morchio, Giovanna, Maria Sanchez and Santa Traugott. (November 1985).
"Mode Differences: DK Responses in the 1984 Post-Election Survey: A Report to
the Board of Overseers, National Election  Studies." 

28.  Morchio, Giovanna and Santa Traugott.  (February 1986) "Congressional
District Assignment in an RDD Sample: Results of 1982 CATI Experiment."

29.  Brehm, John and Santa Traugott. (March 1986) "Similarity and
Representativeness of the 1985 Pilot Half-samples." 
     
30.  Gronke, Paul. (September 1986) "NES Question C2: R's Party Registration."

31.  Brehm, John. (March 1987) "How Representative is the 1986 Post-Election
Survey?"

32.  Morchio, Giovanna.  (May 1987) "Trends in NES Response Rates."  

33.  Brehm, John. (December 1987) "Who's Missing? an Analysis of NonResponse
in the 1986 Election Study: A Report to the Board of Overseers, National
Election Studies."  

34.  Traugott, Santa. (August 1989) "Validating Self-Reported Vote:
1964-1988." 

35.  NES Staff. (February 1990) "Possible Bias Due to Attrition and Sample
Selection in the 1989 Pilot."

36.  Traugott, Santa and Giovanna Morchio. (March 1990) "Assessment of Bias
Due to Attrition and Sample Selection in the NES 1989 Pilot Study."  

37.  Downes-Le Guin, Theodore. (May 1990) "Nonresponse in the 1988 National
Election Studies" 

38.  Gronke, Paul. (May 1990) "Assessing the Sample Quality of the 1988 Senate
Election Study: A response to Wright." 

39.  Presser, Stanley, Michael W. Traugott and Santa Traugott. (November
1990).  "Vote 'Over' Reporting in Surveys: The Records or the Respondents?"  

40.  Bloom, Joel.  (March 1991)  "Sources of Pro-incumbent Bias in NES Survey
Estimates for U.S. House Races since 1978: A Second Look."

41.  Mayer, Russell.  (November 1991) "Identifying Bias in Voting Models."

42.  Traugott, Michael W., Santa Traugott and Stanley Presser. (May 1992) 
"Revalidation of Self-Reported Vote."

43.  Rosenstone, Steven J., Margaret Petrella and Donald R. Kinder.  (June
1993) "The Consequences of  Substituting Telephone for Face-to-Face
Interviewing in the 1992 National Election Study."



              2.  List of 1989 Pilot Study Reports


Abelson, Robert.  Results of Vote Validation Experiment.    February 23, 1990

Calvo, Maria Antonia and Steven J. Rosenstone.  The Re-Framing of the Abortion
Debate.  February 20, 1990.

Kinder, Donald R. And Thomas Nelson. Experimental Investigations of Opinion
Frames and Survey Responses:  A report to the NES Board.  February, 1990.

Knight, Kathleen.  Comparisons of Liberal-Conservative Items in the ANES 1989
Pilot Study.  February 1, 1990.

Krosnick, Jon and Matthew K. Berent.  Impact of Verbal Labeling of Response
Alternatives and Branching on Attitude Measurement Reliability.  February 22,
1990.

Leege, David, Ken Wald and Lyman Kellstedt.  Religion and Politics:  A report
on Measures of Religiosity in the 1989 NES Pilot Study.  February, 1990.

Markus, Gregory.  Measuring Popular Individualism.  February, 1990.

___________Supplement.  May 22, 1990.

Price, Vincent and John Zaller.  Evaluation of Media Exposure Items in 1989.  
March 1,  1990.
     Appendix 1:  [Price and Zaller] Measuring individual differences...
     Appendix 2:  [Zaller and Price]  In One Ear and Out the Other...

Rosenstone, Steven J. and Gregory A. Diamond.  Measuring Public Opinion on
Political issues.  February 20, 1990.

Traugott, Michael.  Memo to Pilot Study Committee:  Understanding Campaign
Effects on Candidate Recall and Recognition.   February 22, 1990.

Zaller, John.  Experimental Tests of the Question Answering Model of the Mass
Survey Response.  February 22, 1990.




                    3. List of 1991 Pilot Study Reports



Beebe, Tim.  The Effects of Pre-Notification and Incentive on Panel Attrition.
Undated.

Brady, Henry E.  Report on Feeling Thermometer for "Moderates."  January 13,
1992.

Citrin, Jack, Donald P. Green, Beth Reingold and David O. Sears.  A Report on
Measures of American Identity and New "Ethnic" Issues in the 1991 NES Pilot
Study. Undated.

Conover, Pamela J., and Virginia Sapiro.  Gender Consciousness and Gender
Politics in the 1991 Pilot Study:  A Report to the ANES Board of Overseers. 
January, 1992.

Delli Carpini, Michael X., and Scott Keeter.  An Analysis of Information Items
on the 1990 and 1991 NES Surveys:  A Report to the Board of Overseers for the
National Election Studies.  January 14, 1992.

Highton, Benjamin, and Raymond E. Wolfinger.  Estimating the Size of Minority
Groups.  January 13, 1992.

Huddy, Leonie.  Analysis of Old-Age Policy Items in the 1991 Pilot Study. 
Undated.

__________.  Addendum.  February 2, 1992.

Knack, Stephen.  Social Connectedness and Voter Participation:  Evidence from
the 1991 NES Pilot Study.   January 1992.

____________.  Social Altruism and Voter Turnout:  Evidence from the 1991 NES
Pilot Study. 

     January, 1992.

____________.  Performance and Recommendations Summary for 1991 NES Pilot
Variables  #2828-2847.   January 24, 1992.

____________. Deterring Voter Registration Through Juror Source Practices: 
Evidence from the  1991 NES Pilot Study.  January, 1992.

Oliver, Eric, and Raymond E. Wolfinger.  Jury Duty as a Deterrent to Voter
Registration. January 22, 1992.

Zaller, John.  Report on 1991 Pilot Items on Environment.   February 2, 1992.