Contents

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

The Cumulative Data File consists of variables derived from the 1948-2024 series of biennial (“time-series”) SRC/CPS National Election Studies. [NOTE: No ANES study was conducted in 1950; 1954 was a minor study although its data are included here.]

To produce this dataset, cross-section cases from the time-series election studies have been pooled; the total unweighted cross-section N is 73,745 [NOTE: non-cross-section cases from black supplements in 1964, 1968 and 1970 are not included in this file.]

A variable in the dataset almost always represents a question which has been asked in three or more (time-series) studies. This dataset incorporates for specific questions data from all time-series studies in which the question was asked in comparable fashion.

When using variables from this dataset, the analyst should keep the following in mind:

  • Question wording has varied over the years. Where there are differences in question wording, we have tried to reference them in the documentation; completeness of this effort, however, cannot be guaranteed.
  • Even if a question is worded identically in successive surveys, its placement in the survey instrument may be different, with unknown (and possibly large) effect.
  • Variables have been recoded to be consistent over time. Questions are not necessarily coded the same way in this dataset as they are in the election study datasets from which they came.

We would appreciate being notified of any errors in the dataset or documentation by email to:

How to Cite

American National Election Studies. 2026. ANES Time Series Cumulative Data File [dataset and documentation]. February 5, 2026 version. www.electionstudies.org

Sample Sizes

The sample sizes for all years are as follows:

Cross-Section *
Weighted ** Unweighted
1948 – N=662
1952 – N=1899
1954 – N=1139
1956 – N=1762
1958 N=1822 N=1450
1960 N=1954 N=1181
1962 – N=1297
1964 – N=1571
1966 – N=1291
1968 – N=1557
type 0 * 1970 – N=1507
type 1 * 1970 N=835 N=758
type 2 * 1970 N=817 N=749
1972 – N=2705
1974 N=2523 N=1575
1976 N=2869.5 N=2248
1978 – N=2304
1980 – N=1614
1982 – N=1418
1984 – N=2257
1986 – N=2176
1988 – N=2040
1990 – N=1980
1992 *** N=2485
1994 *** N=1795
1996 *** N=1714
1998 *** N=1281
2000 *** N=1807
2002 *** N=1511
2004 *** N=1212
2008 *** N=2322
2012 *** N=5914****
2016 *** N=4270****
2020 *** N=8280****
2024 *** N=5521****


* 1970 numbers exclude 73 non-eligible Rs in the original dataset’s cross-section N. The Cumulative File excludes all non-eligible respondents from its cross-section. For descriptions of type 0, type 1, and type 2 variables in 1970, see weight vars VCF0009-VCF0011.

** Weighted cross-section Ns are represented in the Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior, which was produced using data from The Cumulative File. To reproduce the data appearing in the GPOEB, it is necessary to use appropriate weights (see VCF0009-VCF0011).

*** Weighting 1992 and later are post-stratified and centered to a mean of 1.

**** Combined sample (2012, 2016: face-to-face and internet; 2020: web, phone, and video; 2024: web, face-to-face, video, and phone)




Current Release (February 5, 2026 Version)

The current release (2026-2-5) of the ANES Cumulative Data File includes the following updates:
1) Revised missing data codes from the 2024 data for variables VCF0101, VCF0102,and VCF0205.
2) Nineteen cases from the 2024 data were corrected in variable VCF0128 (major religion group).
3) Variable VCF0212 was initially updated with the incorrect source variable from the 2024 Time Series data; this variable has been corrected.
4) No additional variables have been updated with 2024 data in the current release (2026-2-5). See below for a list of variables that were updated with 2024 data in the 2025-12-11 release.


List of Variables Updated in 2025-12-11 Release

Variable Name Variable Label
1 VERSION Version Number Of Release
2 VCF0004 Year of Study
3 VCF0006 Study Respondent Number: Year-level Case ID
4 VCF0006a Unique Respondent Number (Cross-year ID for panel cases)
5 VCF0009x Weight: For 1970 type 0; 2012, 2016, 2024 FTF sample
6 VCF0009y Weight: For 1970 type 0; 2012, 2016, 2024 Web sample
7 VCF0009z Weight: For 1970 type 0; 2012-2024 full sample
8 VCF0010x Weight: For 1970 type 1; 2012, 2016, 2024 FTF sample
9 VCF0010y Weight: For 1970 type 1; 2012, 2016, 2024 Web sample
10 VCF0010z Weight: For 1970 type 1; 2012-2024 full sample
11 VCF0011x Weight: For 1970 type 2; 2012, 2016, 2024 FTF sample
12 VCF0011y Weight: For 1970 type 2; 2012, 2016, 2024 Web sample
13 VCF0011z Weight: For 1970 type 2; 2012-2024 full sample
14 VCF9999 Weight: post-election weight full sample
15 VCF0013 Completion - Post-election (flag)
16 VCF0014 Completion - Pre-election (flag)
17 VCF0017 Mode of Interview
18 VCF0018a Language of Interview - Pre
19 VCF0018b Language of Interview - Post
20 VCF0070a Interviewer Gender - Pre
21 VCF0070b Interviewer Gender - Post
22 VCF0071c Interviewer Race 2-category - Pre
23 VCF0071d Interviewer Race 2-category - Post
24 VCF0101 Respondent - Age
25 VCF0102 Respondent - Age Group
26 VCF0103 Respondent - Cohort
27 VCF0104 Respondent - Gender
28 VCF0105a Race-ethnicity summary, 7 categories
29 VCF0105b Race-ethnicity summary, 4 categories
30 VCF0106 Race summary, 3 categories
31 VCF0107 Respondent - Hispanic Origin Type
32 VCF0108 Respondent - Hispanic Origin
33 VCF0110 Respondent - Education 4-category
34 VCF0112 Census Region
35 VCF0114 Respondent Family - Income Group
36 VCF0116 Respondent - Work Status 7-category
37 VCF0118 Respondent - Work Status 5-category
38 VCF0127 Household - Union Membership
39 VCF0128 Respondent - Religion Major Group
40 VCF0130 Respondent - Church Attendance 1970-
41 VCF0130a Respondent - Church Attendance 1990-
42 VCF0140 Respondent - Education 6-category
43 VCF0140a Respondent - Education 7-category
44 VCF0143 Respondent Parents - Native Born
45 VCF0146 Respondent Family - Home Ownership
46 VCF0147 Respondent - Marital Status
47 VCF0152 Respondent - Religion Full Code 1990-
48 VCF0156 Respondent - Working R Laid off Last 6 Months
49 VCF0205 Thermometer - Jews
50 VCF0206 Thermometer - Blacks
51 VCF0207 Thermometer - Whites
52 VCF0209 Thermometer - Big Business
53 VCF0210 Thermometer - Labor Unions
54 VCF0211 Thermometer - Liberals
55 VCF0212 Thermometer - Conservatives
56 VCF0214 Thermometer - Policemen/Police
57 VCF0217 Thermometer - Chicanos/Hispanics
58 VCF0218 Thermometer - Democratic Party
59 VCF0224 Thermometer - Republican Party
60 VCF0227 Thermometer - Asian-Americans
61 VCF0228 Thermometer - Congress
62 VCF0232 Thermometer - Gays and Lesbians
63 VCF0233 Thermometer - Illegal Aliens
64 VCF0234 Thermometer - Christian Fundamentalists
65 VCF0253 Thermometer - Feminists
66 VCF0301 Party Identification of Respondent- 7-point Scale
67 VCF0302 Party Identification of Respondent- Initial Party ID Response
68 VCF0303 Party Identification of Respondent- Summary 3-Category
69 VCF0305 Party Identification of Respondent- Strength of Partisanship
70 VCF0310 Interest in the Elections
71 VCF0374 Likes Anything about Democratic party
72 VCF0380 Dislikes Anything about Democratic party
73 VCF0386 Likes Anything about Republican party
74 VCF0392 Dislikes Anything about Republican party
75 VCF0424 Thermometer - Democratic Presidential Candidate
76 VCF0425 Thermometer - Democratic Vice-presidential Candidate
77 VCF0426 Thermometer - Republican Presidential Candidate
78 VCF0427 Thermometer - Republican Vice-presidential Candidate
79 VCF0428 Thermometer - U.S. President
80 VCF0429 Thermometer - Vice-president
81 VCF0450 Approve of President Performance
82 VCF0451 Strength Approve/Disapprove President Performance
83 VCF0475 Likes Anything about Democratic Presidential Cand
84 VCF0481 Dislikes Anything about Democratic Presidential Cand
85 VCF0487 Likes anything about Republican Presidential Cand
86 VCF0493 Dislikes anything about Republican Presidential Cand
87 VCF0501 Difference Between Major Parties
88 VCF0502 Which Major Party is More Conservative 3-Category
89 VCF0503 Democratic Party- Liberal-Conservative Scale
90 VCF0504 Republican Party- Liberal-Conservative Scale
91 VCF0605 Federal Government Run by Few Interests or for the Benefit of All
92 VCF0606 How Much Does the Federal Government Waste Tax Money
93 VCF0609 Government Officials Care What People Like Respondent Think
94 VCF0613 People like Respondent Have Any Say in What the Government Does
95 VCF0624 How Much Elections Make Government Pay Attention to People
96 VCF0700 Who Will Be Elected President in November
97 VCF0702 Did Respondent Vote in the National Elections
98 VCF0703 Register and Turnout SUMMARY
99 VCF0704 Vote for President- Major Candidates
100 VCF0707 Vote for Congressman
101 VCF0708 Vote for Senator
102 VCF0713 Respondent Pre-election Intent for Vote for President
103 VCF0717 Respondent Try to Influence the Vote of Others During the Campaign
104 VCF0718 Respondent Attend Political Meetings/Rallies During the Campaign
105 VCF0719 Respondent Work for Party or Candidate During the Campaign
106 VCF0720 Respondent Display Candidate Button/Sticker During the Campaign
107 VCF0721 Respondent Donate Money to Party or Candidate During the Campaign
108 VCF0803 Liberal-Conservative Scale
109 VCF0806 Government Health Insurance Scale
110 VCF0809 Guaranteed Jobs and Income Scale
111 VCF0823 Better off if U.S. Unconcerned with Rest of World
112 VCF0830 Aid to Blacks Scale
113 VCF0838 By Law, When Should Abortion Be Allowed
114 VCF0839 Government Services-Spending Scale
115 VCF0842 Environmental Regulation Scale
116 VCF0843 Defense Spending Scale
117 VCF0846 Is Religion Important to Respondent
118 VCF0850 Authority of the Bible 1984-
119 VCF0852 Should Adjust View of Moral Behavior to Changes
120 VCF0853 Should be More Emphasis on Traditional Values
121 VCF0867 Affirmative Action in Hiring/Promotion [1 of 2]
122 VCF0867a Affirmative Action in Hiring/Promotion [2 of 2]
123 VCF0870 Better or Worse Economy in Past Year
124 VCF0871 How Much Better or Worse Economy in Past Year
125 VCF0872 Better or Worse Economy in Next Year
126 VCF0876 Law to Protect Homosexuals Against Discrimination
127 VCF0876a Strength of Position on Law to Protect Homosexuals Against Discrimination
128 VCF0878 Should Gays/Lesbians Be Able to Adopt Children
129 VCF0879 Increase or Decrease Number of Immigrants to U.S. 6-Category
130 VCF0879a Increase or Decrease Number of Immigrants to U.S. 4-Category
131 VCF0880 Better or Worse Off in Past Year
132 VCF0880a How Much Better/Worse Off in Past Year
133 VCF0881 Better or Worse Off in Next Year
134 VCF0886 Federal Spending- Poor/Poor People
135 VCF0888 Federal Spending- Dealing with Crime
136 VCF0890 Federal Spending- Public Schools
137 VCF0894 Federal Spending- Welfare Programs
138 VCF0900 Congressional District of Residence
139 VCF0901a State Code- FIPS
140 VCF0901b State Postal Abbrev
141 VCF0991 Approve/Disapprove of Running U.S. House Incumbent
142 VCF0992 Approve/Disapprove of U.S. Congress
143 VCF9005 Thermometer - Supreme Court
144 VCF9009 Approve of President Performance on Economy
145 VCF9013 Society Ensure Equal Opportunity to Succeed
146 VCF9016 Not Big Problem if Some Have More Chance in Life
147 VCF9017 Should Worry less about How Equal People Are
148 VCF9018 U.S. Fewer Problems if Everyone Treated Equally
149 VCF9025 Vote for Governor- Party
150 VCF9028 Which Presidential Candidate Will Win in State
151 VCF9029 Which Presidential Race in State Be Close
152 VCF9039 Conditions Make it Difficult for Blacks to Succeed
153 VCF9040 Blacks Should Not Have Special Favors to Succeed
154 VCF9041 Blacks Must Try Harder to Succeed
155 VCF9042 Blacks Gotten Less than They Deserve Over the Past Few Years
156 VCF9045 Position of the U.S. Weaker/Stronger in the Past Year
157 VCF9047 Federal Spending- Improve and Protect the Environment
158 VCF9049 Federal Spending- Social Security
159 VCF9056 Thermometer - Senate Democratic Candidate
160 VCF9057 Thermometer - Senate Republican Candidate
161 VCF9084 Democratic Presidential Cand- Aid to Blacks Scale
162 VCF9085 Democratic Presidential Cand- Government Health Insurance Scale
163 VCF9086 Democratic Presidential Cand- Government Services-Spending Scale
164 VCF9087 Democratic Presidential Cand- Guaranteed Jobs and Living Scale
165 VCF9088 Democratic Presidential Cand- Liberal-Conservative Scale
166 VCF9092 Republican Presidential Cand- Aid to Blacks Scale
167 VCF9093 Republican Presidential Cand- Government Health Insurance Scale
168 VCF9094 Republican Presidential Cand- Government Services-Spending Scale
169 VCF9095 Republican Presidential Cand- Guaranteed Jobs and Living Scale
170 VCF9096 Republican Presidential Cand- Liberal-Conservative Scale
171 VCF9131 Less Government Better OR Government Do More
172 VCF9201 CSES: Like-dislike (11pt) scale placement for Democratic party
173 VCF9202 CSES: Like-dislike (11pt) scale placement for Republican party
174 VCF9205 Which party would do a better job handling the nation’s economy
175 VCF9206 Better when one party controls both the Presidency and U.S. Congress or when control is split
176 VCF9207 CSES: Like-dislike (11pt) scale placement for Democratic Presidential candidate
177 VCF9208 CSES: Like-dislike (11pt) scale placement for Republican Presidential candidate
178 VCF9209 How well does provides strong leadership describe: Democratic Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)
179 VCF9210 How well does really cares about people like you describe: Democratic Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)
180 VCF9211 How well does knowledgeable describe: Democratic Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)
181 VCF9212 How well does honest describe: Democratic Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)
182 VCF9213 How well does provides strong leadership describe: Republican Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)
183 VCF9214 How well does really cares about people like you describe: Republican Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)
184 VCF9215 How well does knowledgeable describe: Republican Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)
185 VCF9216 How well does honest describe: Republican Presidential candidate (no RB, 5 cat)
186 VCF9217 Does R approve or disapprove of the way current U.S. President is handling foreign relations
187 VCF9222 Are things in this country on the right track or have things seriously gotten off on the wrong track
188 VCF9223 How likely is it that recent immigration levels will take jobs away from people already here
189 VCF9224 Is R invested in the stock market
190 VCF9225 Has unemployment in the country gotten better, stayed the same, or gotten worse in the past year
191 VCF9229 Will unemployment get better, stay the same, or get worse in the next 12 months
192 VCF9231 Does R favor or oppose placing limits on imports to protect American jobs (or haven’t you thought much about this)
193 VCF9236 Does R favor or oppose the death penalty for persons convicted of murder
194 VCF9245 How satisfied is R with R’s life
195 VCF9246 Which is more important for a child to have: curiosity or good manners
196 VCF9247 Which is more important for a child to have: obedience or self-reliance
197 VCF9248 Which is more important for a child to be: considerate or well-behaved
198 VCF9249 Which is more important for a child to have: independence or respect for elders
199 VCF9250 CSES: Who votes for makes a big diffence - (5pt) scale placement for R
200 VCF9251 How well does R understand the important political issues facing our country
201 VCF9252 How often do politics and government seem so complicated that R can’t really understand what’s going on
202 VCF9253 CSES: Make big difference who is in power (5pt) scale placement for R
203 VCF9255 CSES: How satisfied is R with the way democracy works in the U.S. (4cat: very satisfied-not at all satisfied)
204 VCF9256 Was R able to devote any time to volunteer work in the last 12 months
205 VCF9258 Did R attend a meeting about an issue in community or schools during the past 12 months
206 VCF9259 How often does R follow information about politics and government
207 VCF9260 What job or office is held by named Speaker of the U.S. House
208 VCF9262 What job or office is held by named Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
209 VCF9267 Thermometer for: Muslims
210 VCF9269 Thermometer for: Christians
211 VCF9270 Hardworking-lazy (7pt) scale placement for whites
212 VCF9271 Hardworking-lazy (7pt) scale placement for blacks
213 VCF9272 Hardworking-lazy (7pt) scale placement for Hispanic-Americans
214 VCF9273 Hardworking-lazy (7pt) scale placement for Asian Americans
215 VCF9279 Does R consider self to be heterosexual or straight, homosexual or [gay/lesbian], or bisexual
216 VCF9280 Does R know anyone among family and friends who is bisexual or gay
217 VCF9281 Does R have any (1994: some) kind of health insurance

VARIABLE DESCRIPTION

VERSION VERSION NUMBER OF RELEASE
Question
Version of Cumulative Data File
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This character variable appears in the data as:
ANES_cdf_VERSION:YYYY-mmm-DD
where mmm is standard 3-character month abbreviation
(Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec).



VCF0004 YEAR OF STUDY
Question
Year of study (4-digit)



VCF0006 STUDY RESPONDENT NUMBER: YEAR-LEVEL CASE ID
Question
Case identification number
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In Pre-Post studies, this is the Pre case ID.
2016 NOTE:
This is the revised 2016 case id number.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480002
1952: V520002
1956: V560002
1958: V580002
1960: V600002
1962: V620002
1964: V640002
1966: V660002
1968: V680002
1970: V700002(type 0)
1972: V720002
1974: V742002
1976: V763002
1978: V780002
1980: V800004
1982: V820004
1984: V840004
1986: V860004
1988: V880004
1990: V900004
1992: V923004
1994: V940001
1996: V960001
1998: V980001
2000: V000001
2002: V020001
2004: V040001
2008: V080001
2012: caseid
2016: V160001
2020: V200001
2024: V240001



VCF0006a UNIQUE RESPONDENT NUMBER (CROSS-YEAR ID FOR PANEL CASES)
Question
Unique identification number
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For non-panel cases this corresponds to 4-digit year of study followed
by 4-digit case id from the study as found in VCF0006.
For panel cases, this corresponds to 4-digit year of first year of
time-series participation followed by 4-digit case id from first
participation study . For example, 1958 ANES panel cases (first
interviewed in the 1956 anes) are numbered 1956xxxx where xxxx
corresponds to the case ID the respondent had been assigned previously
in the 1956 study; VCF0006, by contrast, includes the respondent’s 1958
ANES case ID.
Studies including panel cases as part of the overall study cross-section
are flagged in VCF00016.
1958 NOTE:
In the 1958 anes time-series study, V580007 and V580008 flags whether
1958 respondents were previously interviewed in 1956. However, some
respondents flagged in these variables had been interviewed in 1956 not
as part of the 1956 anes study’s cross-section sample, but as part of a
sample component intended for a separate ‘panel’ (non-cross-section)
file. Thus the actual count of cases from the 1958 study having 1956
unique IDs in VCF0006a (as 1956xxxx, where xxxx is the 1956 ANES
cross-section case ID) does not correspond with the count of cases
flagged in V580007 and V580008 for previous participation in 1956.
1960 NOTE:
see 1958 NOTE; cases flagged in the 1960 ANES study for participation
prior to 1960 may have participated outside of the time-series cross-
section(s) in the year(s) of prior participation and may not correspond
to the count of cases found here for initial time-series participation.



VCF0009x WEIGHT: FOR 1970 TYPE 0; 2012, 2016, 2024 FTF SAMPLE
Question
CDF Weight: 1970 type 0 - 2012,2016,2024 FTF sample
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE
Sources
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940007a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_ftf
2016: V160101f
2024: V240101a



VCF0009y WEIGHT: FOR 1970 TYPE 0; 2012, 2016, 2024 WEB SAMPLE
Question
CDF Weight: 1970 type 0 - 2012,2016,2024 Web sample
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE
Sources
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940007a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_web
2016: V160101w
2024: V240102a



VCF0009z WEIGHT: FOR 1970 TYPE 0; 2012-2024 FULL SAMPLE
Question
CDF Weight: 1970 type 0 - 2012,2016,2020,2024 full sample
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE
Sources
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940006a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_full
2016: V160101
2020: V200010a
2024: V240107a



VCF0010x WEIGHT: FOR 1970 TYPE 1; 2012, 2016, 2024 FTF SAMPLE
Question
CDF Weight: 1970 type 1 - 2012,2016,2024 FTF sample
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE
Sources
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1970: V700012
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940006a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_ftf
2016: V160101f
2024: V240101a



VCF0010y WEIGHT: FOR 1970 TYPE 1; 2012, 2016, 2024 WEB SAMPLE
Question
CDF Weight: 1970 type 1 - 2012,2016,2024 Web sample
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE
Sources
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1970: V700012
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940006a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_web
2016: V160101w
2024: V240102a



VCF0010z WEIGHT: FOR 1970 TYPE 1; 2012-2024 FULL SAMPLE
Question
CDF Weight: 1970 type 1 - 2012,2016,2020,2024 full sample
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE
Sources
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1970: V700012
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940006a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_full
2016: V160101
2024: V240107a



VCF0011x WEIGHT: FOR 1970 TYPE 2; 2012, 2016, 2024 FTF SAMPLE
Question
CDF Weight: 1970 type 2 - 2012,2016,2024 FTF sample
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE
Sources
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1970: V700013
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940006a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_ftf
2016: V160101f
2024: V240101a



VCF0011y WEIGHT: FOR 1970 TYPE 2; 2012, 2016, 2024 WEB SAMPLE
Question
CDF Weight: 1970 type 2 - 2012,2016,2024 Web sample
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE
Sources
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1970: V700013
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940006a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_web
2016: V160101w
2024: V240102a



VCF0011z WEIGHT: FOR 1970 TYPE 2; 2012-2024 FULL SAMPLE
Question
CDF Weight: 1970 type 2 - 2012,2016,2020,2024 full sample
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix documentation: WEIGHTS IN THE CUMULATIVE DATA FILE
Sources
1958: V580003
1960: V600003
1970: V700013
1974: V742003
1976: V763003
1992: V927000
1994: V940006a
1996: V960005a
1998: V980002
2000: V000002
2002: V020101
2004: V040101
2008: V080101
2012: weight_full
2016: V160101
2024: V240107a



VCF9999 WEIGHT: POST-ELECTION WEIGHT FULL SAMPLE
Notes
Additional documentation will be forthcoming.
Sources
1996: V960005B
2000: V000002a
2002: V020102
2004: V040102
2008: V080102
2016: V160102
2020: V200010b
2024: V240107b



VCF0012 FORM FILTER FOR PAPER QUESTIONNAIRES
Question
Form or interview type of paper questionnaire
Valid
1. Type 1 (1970 N=758)
/Form I (1972 N=1372)
/Form A (1986 N=1086;1988 N=1006;1990 N=1007;1994 N=500)
2. Type 2 (1970 N=749)
/Form II (1972 N=1333)
/Form B (1986 N=1090;1988 N=1034;1990 N=993;1994 N=497
Missing
9. NA
INAP. no form or type of IW; not a paper questionnaire
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0012A, VCF0012B. This describes paper questionnaires
(1948-1994).
1972 NOTE 1:
57 Rs who were Pre Form I and 37 Rs who were Pre Form II were sent post
mail questionnaires that contained most, but not all, of Form I/ Form
II Post personal questions. Rs who were Form I in the Pre but
administered Post mail questionnaires were designated ‘FORM III’ in the
Post, while Rs who were Form II in the Pre but who completed mail
questionnaires for the Post were Post ‘FORM IV’.
1972 NOTE 2:
The same Form type was assigned in the Post as in the Pre.
1986 NOTE:
Form A questions were not asked of Form B respondents and vice versa,
with two exceptions: both were asked VCF0830, with varied wording.
1988 NOTE 1:
Unlike other years, in 1988 all questions were present in both Form A
and Form B, however some differed by form in wording or placement: e.g.
VCF0517-VCF0518, VCF0830, VCF9076, VCF9084, VCF9092.
1988 NOTE 2:
same as 1972 NOTE 2.
1994 NOTE:
In 1994, the study included a ‘ballot card’ experiment. Two ballot
cards were drafted with identical content but different layout.



VCF0013 COMPLETION - POST-ELECTION (FLAG)
Question
Post-election interview data present
Valid
0. No Post-election interview data
1. Post-election interview data present
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This describes the presence of post-election data in ANES pre-post
time-series studies: studies conducted in years of presidential
elections and in 2002 were pre-post studies. In non-presidential years
except 1954 and 2002, ANES has conducted a Post-election interview only,
and all non-presidential years other than 1954 and 2002 have been coded
1.* 2002 is the only non-presidential-year study which is a Pre-Post
study.
The following list identifies for Pre-Post studies the start of Post
variable numbering:
Year Post Vars begin: Year Post Vars begin:
1948 V480001 1988 V880564
1952 V520168 1992 V925001
1956 V560192 1996 V960900
1960 V600190 2000 V001201
1964 V640273 2002 V025001
1968 V680270 2004: V045001
1972 V720438 2008: V085001a
1976 V763524 2012: mediapo_tv
1980 V800738 2016: V162001
1984 V840722
1948 NOTE:
All cases in the release datafile were interviewed in the Post.
1954 NOTE: *
The 1954 study was a minor study conducted in October of 1954 and is
coded 0. The 1954 study was comprised of only 27 variables and is
represented in the Cumulative Data File in: VCF0104-VCF0106, VCF0110,
VCF0112-VCF0114, VCF0127, VCF0128, VCF0140, VCF0301-VCF0305, VCF0701,
VCF9027.
1956 NOTE:
No cases without post-election re-interviews were included in the
final 1956 dataset.
1968 NOTE:
9 cases which were no-Post had some information about voting
behavior NOTEd on their coversheets: although defined as ‘no-Post,’
these cases were nonetheless represented in (post) vote variables in
the original dataset, and such coversheet-derived vote information has
also been included in Cumulative Data File voting variables where
appropriate.
**ALL YEARS 2002-2008:
Post variable numbering begins Vxx5001, where xx is the 2-digit year
of the time-series study.
Sources
1952: V520003
1960: V600016
1964: V640276
1968: V680005
1972: V720438
1976: V763004
1980: V800003
1984: V840061
1988: V880048
1992: V923010
1996: V960010
2000: V000003
2002: V021002
2004: V041001
2008: V081001
2012: wave_completions
2016: V160502
2020: V200004
2024: V240002c



VCF0014 COMPLETION - PRE-ELECTION (FLAG)
Question
Pre-election interview data present
Valid
0. No Pre-election interview data present
1. Pre-election interview data present
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This describes the presence of pre-election data in ANES pre-post
time-series studies: studies conducted in years of presidential
elections and in 2002 were pre-post studies. Only in 1948, 1952 and
1960 cases were any cases conducted with a Post-election interview
but no Pre-election interview. In non-presidential years except 1954
and 2002, ANES conducted a Post-election interview only, and all
non-presidential years except 1954 and 2002 have been coded 0.*
1954**, 2002 and presidential years other than 1948, 1952 and 1960 have
been coded 1.
1948 NOTE:
1 case code 9 NA in the original survey data was examined
and identified as Post-only; this case has been coded 0.
1954 NOTE: *
The 1954 study was a minor study conducted in October of 1954 and is
coded 1. The 1954 study was comprised of only 27 variables and is
represented in the Cumulative Data File in: VCF0104-VCF0106, VCF0110,
VCF0112-VCF0114, VCF0127, VCF0128, VCF0140, VCF0301-VCF0305, VCF0701,
VCF9027.
Sources
1948: V480009
1952: V520003
1960: V600016
1988: V880856
2016: V160502
2020: V200002
2024: V240002c



VCF0015a ABBREVIATED INTERVIEW - PRE
Question
Abbreviated interview form - Pre
Valid
0. Pre IW not abbreviated [1992:‘Long’ form Pre]
1. Abbreviated pre IW
[1980 N=44: CA29,TX03 ; 1992 short-form Pre N=150;
1996 VQ date 09/25/96 or later N=1074; 2000 VQ date
09/28/00 or later N=999]
2. Spanish Pre
[1992 N=22; a translation of the 1992 Pre
short form questionnaire except for demographic
sections, which were slightly more complete in the
Spanish Pre form]
Missing
INAP. Inap. post-election study; no pre IW (1948,1952,1960)
Notes
1980 NOTE:
Abbreviated Pre interviews were administered as replacements for
discovered ‘fake’ interviews.
1992 NOTE:
In addition to ‘long-form’ or full personal mode questionnaires, short-
form telephone questionnaires were prepared in both the Pre and Post
waves for out-of-range panel cases. Please see the full 1992 ANES
documentation for a complete description. NOTE that, contrary to
intentions, use of the short-form questionnaire was not limited to
telephone mode, nor was long-form use confined to personal mode. [In
a few cases the shorter interview was administered to ‘fresh’ cross-
section respondents– 4 cases Pre, 4 cases Post].
1996 NOTE:
The Pre ‘VQ file’ or CAPI application was revised several times while
in the field. Beginning with the instrument with revision date 9/25/96,
some questions (most of the items related to 1996 candidate Ross Perot)
were dropped from the Pre.
2000 NOTE:
In the Pre, Buchanan traits and affects were dropped beginning with
the 09/28/00 VQ.
Sources
1980: V800048
1992: V923011
1996: V960018
2000: V000012



VCF0015b ABBREVIATED INTERVIEW - POST
Question
Abbreviated interview form - Post
Valid
0. Post IW is not abbreviated
[1952: extended form B re-interview; 1984: personal
IW; 1992: ‘long’ form Post incl. Spanish Post]
1. Abbreviated Post IW
[1952 N=585: not the extended re-interview with
29 additional questions; 1968 mail questionnaire N=36;
1972 Form III mail quesionnaire N=57; 1984 telephone
questionnaire N=966 ; 1992 short-form N=190 ; 1996
training VQ N=39]
2. Additional Abbreviated Post IWs
[1972 Form IV mail questionnaire N=37; 1984
abbreviated telephone questionnaire N=45]
Missing
INAP. Inap. no post IW
Notes
1952 NOTE:
In 1952 some respondents were sent an extended version of the post
questionnaire (‘form B’); cases not administered this extended Post
re-interview are coded 1.
1968 NOTE:
In the 1968 post, some respondents were sent mail questionnaires which
contained fewer questions than in the full face-to-face questionnaire.
1972 NOTE:
In the 1972 post, some respondents were sent mail questionnaires which
contained fewer questions than in the full face-to-face questionnaire:
respondents who were Form I in the Pre (see VCF0012) and who were
interviewed in the Post using the mail questionnaire were designated
‘Form III’ in the Post; respondents who were Form II in the Pre and who
were interviewed in the Post using the mail questionnaire were
designated ‘Form IV’ in the Post
1984 NOTE:
In addition to the 1984 telephone Post questionnaire, which was shorter
than the 1984 Post personal questionnaire, an abbreviated version of the
Post telephone questionnaire was also administered to 45 cases.
1992 NOTE:
In addition to ‘long-form’ or full personal mode questionnaires, short-
form telephone questionnaires were prepared in both the Pre and Post
waves for out-of-range panel cases. Please see the full 1992 ANES
documentation for a complete description. NOTE that, contrary to
intentions, use of the short-form questionnaire was not limited to
telephone mode, nor was long-form use confined to personal mode. [In
a few cases the shorter interview was administered to ‘fresh’ cross-
section respondents– 4 cases Pre, 4 cases Post].
1996 NOTE:
The Post ‘VQ file’ or CAPI application was revised several times while
in the field. Some cases in the Post were mistakenly administered
using a pre-production (training) VQ file which lacked several
intended questions.
Sources
1952: V520003
1968: V680005
1972: V720003
1984: V840064
1992: V925002
1996: V960909



VCF0016 CROSS-SECTION COMPOSITION: FRESH CROSS OR PANEL CASE
Question
Sample component: ‘new’ cross-section or panel case
Valid
0. Fresh Cross case
1. Panel case (1958 N=866; 1960 N=939; 1974 N=1100;
1976 N=925; 1992 N=1359; 1994 N=759;
1996 N=1316; 2002 N=1187)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Code-level Ns indicated are unweighted. The combined sample of panel and
fresh-cross cases together constitute an overall representative cross-
section for the time-series study. Panel cases in 1958,1960,1974 and
1976 are not flagged in the data of the respective time-series studies;
for these years this variable has been coded from the 1956-1958-1960
and 1972-1974-1976 merged panel files.
1958 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1956 ( NOTE: the number
of panel cases in the 1958 time-series data file does not correspond with
the number of 1958 panel cases in the 1956-1958-1960 merged panel file)
1960 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1956 or 1958 ( NOTE: the
number of panel cases in the 1950 time-series data file does not
correspond with the number of 1950 panel cases in the 1956-1958-1960
merged panel file)
1974 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1972 ( NOTE: the number
of panel cases in the 1974 time-series data file does not correspond with
the number of 1974 panel cases in the 1972-1974-1976 merged panel file)
1976 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1972 or 1974 ( NOTE: the
number of panel cases in the 1975 time-series data file does not
correspond with the number of 1976 panel cases in the 1972-1974-1976
merged panel file)
1992 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1990.
1994 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1992, as 1992 new fresh
Cross-Section cases (no 1994 Panel cases had been interviewed in 1990).
1996 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 1994, and a portion had
also been interviewed in 1992.
2002 NOTE:
Panel cases had previously been interviewed in 2000.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923005
1994: V940002
1996: V960002
2002: V021001



VCF0017 MODE OF INTERVIEW
Question
Mode of interview
Valid
0. All personal (pre-post studies: personal pre and post
or personal pre and no post; post-only studies:
personal post)
1. Telephone pre (personal post or no post)
2. Telephone post (personal pre)
3. All telephone (pre-post studies: pre and post [no post-only
telephone studies in Time Series])
4. All internet (pre-post studies: internet pre and post
or internet pre and no post; post-only studies:
internet post)
5. All video (2020 only)
6. Pre - personal, post - video (2024)
7. Pre - personal, post telephone (2024)
8. Pre - telephone, post personal (2024)
9. Pre - telephone; post - video (2024)
Notes
1992 NOTE:
A shorter questionnaire was designed for telephone interviewing only,
where telephone administration was intended for selected Panel cases;
all long-form questionnaires were designed to be administered in
person. However, due to interviewer misunderstanding, 125 Pre
interviews and 284 Post interviews – including both Panel and new
Cross-Section respondents –were administered over the telephone using
long-form questionnaires. Mode of interview here thus cannot be
identified with short or long questionnaire (VCF0015a,VCF0015b). [ NOTE:
additionally, in 1 Pre case a Panel short-form interview was conducted
in person.]
1998 NOTE:
This is the beginning mode of the interview; in some cases, the
interview may have been suspended and completed in a different mode.
2000 NOTE:
Code 1 includes 5 cases which were personal in the Pre and intended to
be switched to phone mode in the Post, but which were again
administered face-to-face.
2020: Due to global pandemic, some interviews were conducted remotely via video.
2024 NOTE: Additional codes (6-9) have been added to describe the mixed mode design of the 2024 Time Series Study
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840004
1992: V923031,V925003
1994: V940045
1996: V960031a
1998: V980024
2000: V000004,V000126
2002: V022002,V024002
2012: mode
2016: V160501
2020: V200002
2024: V240002a, V240002b



VCF0018a LANGUAGE OF INTERVIEW - PRE
Question
1980: Was this interview conducted in English? (IF NO:) In What language
was this interview conducted?
1984,1988,1992: Was this interview conducted entirely in English, or was
it necessary to translate some (or all) questions into another language?
What language?
Valid
0. IW conducted entirely in English; 2008-later: beginning language
1. Some or all of IW translated to Spanish; 2008-later: beginning language
3. Some or all of IW translated to French
5. Some or all of IW translated to non-English language other than Spanish
or French
7. Some or all of IW translated to non-English language but NA which language
Missing
9. NA if English or other language
INAP. post-election study
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
1948-1976,1996-2002: Questionnaires (instruments) were produced only
in English. Interviewers were not asked about use of translation, and no
documentation indicates whether interviewers (or family members)
translated at all. All Pre interviews are coded 0.
1980,1984,1988: Asked of the interviewer. Although questionnaires were
available only in English, codes 1,3,5 and 7 represent the few cases
where the interviewer (or a family member) translated during the
interview (usually occasional rather than the entire interview).
2008-later: Interviewers were not asked about language. This represents
the recorded language selection made at the start of the Pre interview.
Although it was possible to switch between English and Spanish at any
survey screen (with each language choice recorded), few respondents did
not complete the entire interview in the same language which was first
selected.
NOTE FOR 1992:
Asked of the interviewer. A Spanish-language version of the ‘short’
questionnaire was created for the Pre, used whenever it was anticipated
or determined that interviewing needed to be conducted in Spanish. The
Spanish questionnaire was administered to 22 respondents. There were also
9 cases where the respondent’s English was good enough for use of the
English language questionnaire but the interviewer indicated that
occasional partial translation by the interviewer (or family member) was
necessary for certain questions (no interview was conducted where the
interviewer or family member translated the entire questionnaire).
NOTE FOR 2004:
Interviewers were not asked about use of translation, and no
documentation indicates whether interviewers translated at all. 2004
variable V042026 identifies English for all Pre interviews (coded 0 here)
because the questionnaire was available only in English.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800734
1984: V840720,V840721
1988: V880562,V880563
1992: V923011,V924212,V924213
2004: V042026
2008: V082011
2012: admin_pre_lang_start
2020: V201001
2024: V241001



VCF0018b LANGUAGE OF INTERVIEW - POST
Question
1978-1982: Was this interview conducted in English? (IF NO:) In What language
was this interview conducted?
1984,1986,1990-1994: Was this interview conducted entirely in English, or was
it necessary to translate some (or all) questions into another language?
What language?
Valid
0. IW conducted entirely in English; 2008,2012: beginning language
1. Some or all of IW translated to Spanish
3. Some or all of IW translated to French
4. Some or all of IW conducted in either Spanish or French
5. Some or all of IW translated to non-English language other than Spanish or
French
7. Some or all of IW translated to non-English language but NA which language
Missing
9. NA
INAP. no Post IW; abbrev. Post IW (1984)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
1948-1976,1988,1996-2002: Questionnaires (instruments) were produced only
in English. Interviewers were not asked about use of translation, and no
documentation indicates whether interviewers (or family members)
translated at all. All Post interviews are coded 0.
1978-1986: Asked of the interviewer. Although questionnaires were
available only in English, codes 1,3,5 and 7 represent the few cases
where the interviewer (or a family member) translated during the
interview (usually occasional rather than the entire interview).
2008-later: Interviewers were not asked about language. This represents
the recorded language selection made at the start of the Post interview.
Although it was possible to switch between English and Spanish at any
survey screen (with each language choice recorded), few respondents did
not complete the entire interview in the same language which was first
selected.
NOTE FOR 1990:
Asked of the interviewer. A Spanish-language version of the questionnaire
was available, however there are no 1990 administrative data identifying
which respondents were administrated using the Spanish version. From the
data for the interviewer’s answers to this question, it is unclear
whether the Spanish-language questionnaire was used or whether the
English-language version was used with by translations made by the
interviewer or by a family member.
NOTE FOR 1992:
Asked of the interviewer. A Spanish-language version of the Post
questionnaire was available. Respondents who had been administered the
Spanish language version of the Pre were administered the Spanish
Post questionnaire (19 cases). There were also 6 cases where the
respondent’s English was good enough for use of the Post English
questionnaire but the interviewer indicated that occasional partial
translation by the interviewer (or family member) was necessary for
certain questions (no interview was conducted where the interviewer
or family member translated the entire questionnaire).
NOTE FOR 1994:
Asked of the interviewer. A Spanish-language version of the
questionnaire was available, administered to 4 respondents. There
was also 1 case where the respondent’s English was good enough for
use of the English questionnaire but the interviewer indicated that
occasional partial translation by the interviewer (or family member)
was necessary for certain questions.
NOTE FOR 2004:
Interviewers were not asked about use of translation, and no
documentation indicates whether interviewers translated at all. The
Post questionnaire was available only in English and all Post
interviews are coded 0 here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780645
1980: V801192
1982: V820776
1984: V841117
1986: V860768,V860769
1990: V900695,V900696
1992: V926251,V926252
1994: V940047,V941445
2008: V084011
2012: admin_post_lang_start
2020: V202001
2024: V242002



VCF0019 R RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HH 1952-1986
Question
R’s relationship to head
Valid
1. R is head of household
2. R is spouse of head of household
3. R is neither head of household nor spouse of head
Missing
9. NA
0. No Pre IW (1952,1960)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The concept of ‘Head of Household’ was used 1948-1986 (identification
of head was not coded 1948 or 1954).
Sources
1952: V520009
1956: V560174
1958: V580173
1960: V600121
1964: V640185
1966: V660238
1968: V680265
1970: V700392(type 0)
1972: V720426
1974: V742426
1976: V763514
1978: V780633
1980: V800723
1982: V820765
1984: V840710
1986: V860758



VCF0050a RESPONDENT LEVEL OF POLITICAL INFO - PRE
Question
PRE INTERVIEWER OBSERVATION:
Respondent’s general level of information about politics and public
affairs seemed:
Valid
1. Very high
2. Fairly high
3. Average
4. Fairly low
5. Very low
Missing
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.
Sources
1968: V680269
1972: V720429
1976: V763517
1980: V800726
1984: V840713
1988: V880555
1992: V924205
1996: V960070
2000: V001033
2002: V023155
2004: V043403
2008: V083303
2012: iwrobspre_levinfo
2016: V168016



VCF0050b RESPONDENT LEVEL OF POLITICAL INFO - POST
Question
POST INTERVIEWER OBSERVATION:
Respondent’s general level of information about politics and public
affairs seemed:
Valid
1. Very high
2. Fairly high
3. Average
4. Fairly low
5. Very low
Missing
9. NA
0. no Post IW; abbrev. Post IW (1984); web mode (2012,2016)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1972 NOTE:
no Post version of this variable was available.
1976 NOTE:
same as 1972.
1988 NOTE:
same as 1972.
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.
Sources
1966: V660242
1968: V680531
1970: V700396(type 0)
1974: V742558
1978: V780636
1980: V801186
1982: V820768
1984: V841112
1986: V860761
1990: V900688
1992: V926250
1994: V941438
1996: V960940
1998: V980676
2000: V001745
2002: V025192
2004: V045303
2008: V085403
2012: iwrobspost_levinfo
2016: V168112



VCF0070a INTERVIEWER GENDER - PRE
Question
Pre interviewer gender
Valid
1. Male
2. Female
Missing
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.
Sources
1988: V880037
1992: V923089
1996: V960090
2000: V000072
2002: V022025
2004: V042103
2008: V082252
2012: iwrdesc_pre_gender
2016: V168257
2020: V203403
2024: V245005



VCF0070b INTERVIEWER GENDER - POST
Question
Post interviewer gender
Valid
1. Male
2. Female
Missing
9. NA
0. no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
1988 NOTE:
Post data are not available.
2000 NOTE:
Gender of post Interviewer assigned to R is coded for all cases,
including cases without post interview.
2004 NOTE:
same as 2000.
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900049
1992: V925042
1994: V940101
1996: V960955
1998: V980058
2000: V000187
2002: V024025
2004: V044103
2008: V084252
2012: iwrdesc_post_gender
2016: V168307
2020: V203413
2024: V245014



VCF0071a INTERVIEWER RACE FULL - PRE
Question
Pre interviewer race - full
Valid
1. White
2. Black
3. Native American
4. Asian
7. Other
Missing
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For reasons of confidentiality, data are not available for the full set
of race codes after 2002 [see VCF0071c].
1988 NOTE:
Categories ‘Asian’ and ‘Other’ were not used.
Sources
1988: V880033
1992: V923085
1996: V960092
2000: V000074
2002: V022027



VCF0071b INTERVIEWER RACE FULL - POST
Question
Post interviewer race - full
Valid
1. White
2. Black
3. Native American
4. Asian
7. Other
Missing
9. NA
0. no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For some pre-post studies this also describes interviewers assigned to
post non-interviews. For reasons of confidentiality, data are not
available for the full set of race codes after 2002 [see VCF0071d].
1988 NOTE:
Post data are not available.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900044
1992: V925038
1994: V940103
1996: V960957
1998: V980060
2000: V000189
2002: V024027



VCF0071c INTERVIEWER RACE 2-CATEGORY - PRE
Question
Pre interviewer race 2-category
Valid
1. White
2. Nonwhite (2012-later: and other)
7. Other
Missing
9. NA; Web mode
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For reasons of confidentiality, data are not available for the full set
of race codes after 2002. For years prior to 2004, this is built from
VCF0071a.
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.
In 2012, all mentions other than white are combined in code 2. In
previous years, code 2 represented specific mentions of Black,
Asian, Native American, Asian, or Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian
and mentions outside of those specific categories were coded to 7.
Sources
1988: V880033
1992: V923085
1996: V960092
2000: V000074
2002: V022027
2004: V042105
2008: V082254
2012: iwrdesc_pre_race_white, iwrdesc_pre_race_black, iwrdesc_pre_race_other
2016: V168262,V16866
2020: V203402
2024: V245003



VCF0071d INTERVIEWER RACE 2-CATEGORY - POST
Question
Post interviewer race 2-category
Valid
1. White
2. Nonwhite (2012: and other)
7. Other
Missing
9. NA; Web mode
0. No Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For some pre-post studies, this also describes interviewers assigned to
post non-interviews. For reasons of confidentiality, data are not
available for the full set of race codes after 2002. For years prior to
2004, this is built from VCF0071b.
1988 NOTE:
Post data are not available.
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.
In 2012, all mentions other than white are combined in code 2. In
previous years, code 2 represented specific mentions of Black,
Asian, Native American, Asian, or Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian
and mentions outside of those specific categories were coded to 7.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900044
1992: V925038
1994: V940103
1996: V960957
1998: V980060
2000: V000189
2002: V024027
2004: V044105
2008: V084254
2012: iwrdesc_post_race_white, iwrdesc_post_race_black, iwrdesc_post_race_other
2016: V168312,V168316
2020: V203412
2024: V245012



VCF0072a INTERVIEWER ETHNICITY - PRE
Question
Pre interviewer ethnicity
Valid
1. Non-Hispanic
2. Hispanic
7. Other
Missing
9. NA; Web mode
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 7 Other not used until 1992.
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.
Sources
1988: V880034
1992: V923086
1996: V960093
2000: V000075
2002: V022027a
2008: V082255
2012: iwrdesc_pre_hisp
2016: V168261
2020: V203402



VCF0072b INTERVIEWER ETHNICITY - POST
Question
Post interviewer ethnicity
Valid
1. Non-Hispanic
2. Hispanic
7. Other
Missing
9. NA; Web mode
0. no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 7 Other not used until 1992.
2012 NOTE:
This question applies only to the in-person (FTF) sample.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900046
1992: V925039
1994: V940104
1996: V960958
1998: V980061
2000: V000190
2002: V024027a
2008: V084255
2012: iwrdesc_post_hisp
2016: V168311
2020: V203412



VCF0101 RESPONDENT - AGE
Question
1964-1976: What is your date of birth?
1978-1982: What is the month and year of your birth?
1984-LATER: What is the month, day and year of your birth?
Valid
17-96. Age as coded (1992: 91=91 or older; 2012,2016: 90=90 or older, 2020:80=80 or older)
97. 97 years old (1952, 1974, 1996 and later: or older)
98. 98 years old (1958-1962, 1966, 1968: or older)
99. 99 years old (1976-1990,1994,2002: or older)
Missing
00. NA; DK; RF; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Prior to 1964 this appeared as a coded staff summary (not as a survey
question).
Except for 1968, in Pre-Post studies this variable is pre-election.
Beginning in 1964, age variables in ANES Study datasets were created by
computing R’s age from his/her given date of birth (beginning in 1988,
when birthdate was not available, age as given for household listing by
R/informant was used instead). The age calculation used in these
Study datasets determined age at date of interview in 1966, 1968,
1970, 1972 and 1980-1994; it represented age on November 1 of the year
of interview in 1976 and 1978. In 1974, age on election day of the
year of interview was calculated. For 1964, no documentation is extant
describing exact calculation made.
Prior to 1964, instead of age calculated using R’s birthdate, age
as given by R/informant (this information may have come from the
coversheet) is represented.
1948 NOTE:
Age var was in the form of age groups and could not be included (see
VCF0102).
1954 NOTE:
same as 1948.
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases: data from these
forms were incorporated into the (pre) age var listed.
1992 NOTE:
Birthdate was not asked in short-form interviews: for panel ‘short-
form’ cases, 2 years were added to the age that appeared in the 1990
study; for short-form ‘fresh’ cross-section cases, age was pulled from
the coversheet.
2002 NOTE:
For panel cases, 2 years were added to the age (if determined) that
appeared in the 2000 study.
2008 NOTE:
Age was calculated from year of birth.
2016 NOTE:
Age was calculated from year of birth.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520142
1956: V560295
1958: V580174
1960: V600122
1962: V620009
1964: V640187
1966: V660192
1968: V680533
1970: V700398(type 0)
1972: V720294
1974: V742406
1976: V763369
1978: V780504
1980: V800408
1982: V820535
1984: V840429
1986: V860595
1988: V880417
1990: V900552
1992: V923903
1994: V941203
1996: V960605
1998: V980572
2000: V000908
2002: V023126x
2004: V043250
2008: V083215x
2012: dem_age_r_x
2016: V161267
2020: V201507x
2024: V241458x



VCF0102 RESPONDENT - AGE GROUP
Question
1964-1976: What is your date of birth?
1978-1982: What is the month and year of your birth?
1984-LATER: What is the month, day and year of your birth?
Valid
1. 17 - 24
2. 25 - 34
3. 35 - 44
4. 45 - 54
5. 55 - 64
6. 65 - 74
7. 75 - 99 and over (except 1954)
Missing
0. NA; DK; RF; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0101 (except 1948,1954). See notes VCF0101.
1948 NOTE:
Code 6 from 1948 includes respondents 65 years and older (no code 7).
1954 NOTE:
same NOTE as 1948
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480047
1952: V520142
2016: V161267
2020: V201507x
2024: V241458x



VCF0103 RESPONDENT - COHORT
Question
1964-1976: What is your date of birth?
1978-1982: What is the month and year of your birth?
1984-LATER: What is the month, day and year of your birth?
Valid
1. 1991 - present
2. 1975 - 1990
3. 1959 - 1974
4. 1943 - 1958
5. 1927 - 1942
6. 1911 - 1926
7. 1895 - 1910
8. Before 1895
Missing
0. NA; DK; RF; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0101 (except 1954) or from birth year when available.
See NOTEs VCF0101.
1948 NOTE:
The 1948 ANES age variable was present as age groups which do not allow
simple recoding. An estimate was made to fit those codes into the
cohort categories. The original age categories were:
1948: 1.18-24; 2.25-34; 3.35-44; 4.45-54; 5.55-64; 6.65 and over.
The 1948 recode used was: 1=4, 2=5, 3-4=6, 5-6=7.
1954 NOTE:
The 1954 ANES age variable was present as age groups which do not allow
simple recoding. An estimate was made to fit those codes into the
cohort categories. The original age categories were:
1954: 1.21-24; 2.25-34; 3.35-44; 4.45-54; 5.55-64; 6.over 65.
The 1954 recode used was: 1=4, 2-3=5, 4-5=6, 6=7.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2016: V161267
2020: V201506
2024: V241455



VCF0104 RESPONDENT - GENDER
Question
Respondent gender
Valid
1. Male
2. Female
3. Other (2016)
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For pre-post studies, when a gender variable was present in both the
pre and post, the pre variable is represented here. Coded by
interviewer.
1960 NOTE:
1960 pre variable 118 incorporated data from post gender variable
V600248 to establish the gender of 22 no-pre cases.
2016 NOTE:
In 2016, for the first time gender of respondent was self-description by
the respondent, and category Other was introduced.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480045
1952: V520128
1956: V560171
1958: V580170
1960: V600118
1962: V620098
1964: V640182
1966: V660236
1968: V680263
1970: V700390(type 0)
1972: V720424
1974: V742553
1976: V763512
1978: V780630
1980: V800720
1982: V820762
1984: V840707
1986: V860755
1988: V880413
1990: V900547
1992: V924201
1994: V941434
1996: V960066
1998: V980672
2000: V001029
2002: V023153
2004: V041109a
2008: V081101
2012: gender_respondent_x
2016: V161342
2020: V201600
2024: V241550



VCF0105a RACE-ETHNICITY SUMMARY, 7 CATEGORIES
Question
1948,1952,1956-1970: Interviewer observation of Race.
1972-1976: Interviewer observation of Race.
In addition to being American, what do you
consider your main ethnic group or nationality
group?
1978: Interviewer observation of Race.
Interviewer observation: R of Hispanic origin.
In addition to being American, is there another nationality or
ethnic group that you feel you belong to?
(IF YES:) What group is that?
1980,1982,1984,1986: Interviewer observation of Race.
Interviewer observation: R of Hispanic origin.
In addition to being American, what do you
consider your main ethnic group or nationality
group?
1988-1998: Interviewer observation of Race.
In addition to being American, what do you consider your
main ethnic group or nationality group?
[IF HISPANIC ETHNIC GROUP NOT MENTIONED] Are you of Spanish
or Hispanic origin or descent?
2000-2008: What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?
[MULTIPLE MENTIONS CODED BY IWR]
In addition to being American, what do you consider your main
ethnic group or nationality group?
[IF HISPANIC ETHNIC GROUP NOT MENTIONED] Are you of Spanish
or Hispanic origin or descent?
2012,2016: Are you Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino?
FTF ONLY: I am going to read you a list of five race categories.
Please choose one or more races that you consider
yourself to be: [MULTIPLE MENTIONS]: White / Black or
African-American / American Indian or Alaska Native /
Asian / Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander /
Other.
Valid
1. White non-Hispanic (1948-2012)
2. Black non-Hispanic (1948-2012)
3. Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic (1966-2012)
4. American Indian or Alaska Native non-Hispanic (1966-2012)
5. Hispanic (1966-2012)
6. Other or multiple races, non-Hispanic (1968-2012)
7. Non-white and non-black (1948-1964)
Missing
9. Missing
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable corresponds to the race-ethnicity summary variable
proposed with full documentation in the January 28, 2015 ANES Memo
‘Plan to update race & ethnicity variables on the ANES CDF’.
Interviewer observation categories in 1948,1952,1956,1958,1960,1962,
1964 were: White; Negro; Other, including Mexicans, Puerto Ricans,
Asians (1948,1952: or Other); NA (EXC. 1960).
Interviewer observation categories for race in 1966,1968,1970,1972,
1974,1976 were: White; Negro (‘Black’ in 1974, 1976); Puerto Rican;
Mexican-American, Chicano (‘Mexican’ in ’66, ’68); Oriental; American
Indian; Other (EXC. 1966); NA
Interviewer observation categories fo race in 1978,1980,1982,1984,
1986,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996,1998 were: White; Black; American Indian
or Alaska Native; Asian or Pacific Islander; Other (not all years; does
not include Hispanics); NA
Interviewer codes for race in instrument 2000,2002,2004,2008: Black;
Asian; Native American; Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic in 2004); White ;
Other
The question asking nationality or ethnic group 1972-2008 was open-ended
and coded to ICPSR State-Country codes (1972-1976) or to the closely
parallel ANES Ethnicity/Nationality codes (1978-2008).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480046
1952: V520129
1956: V560172
1958: V580171
1960: V600119
1962: V620097
1964: V640183
1966: V660237
1968: V680264
1970: V700391 (Type 0)
1972: V720406,V720425
1974: V742528,V742554
1976: V763489,V763513
1978: V780608,V780609,V780631,V780632
1980: V800695,V800696,V800721,V800722
1982: V820736,V820737,V820763,V820764
1984: V840689,V840690,V840708,V840709
1986: V860739,V860740,V860756,V860757
1988: V880412,V880534,V880535,V880540
1990: V900549,V900670,V900671,V900676
1992: V923011,V924116,V924117,V924122,V924202
1994: V941411,V941412,V941413,V941418,V941435
1996: V960067,V960703,V960704,V960708
1998: V980654,V980655,V980659,V980673
2000: V001006a,V001006b,V001006c,V001008,V001009,V001012
2002: V021001,V023150,V023151
2004: V043299,V043301a,V043301b,V043301c,V043305
2008: V083251a,V083251b,V083251c,V083251d,V083251e,V083252a,V083252b,V083252c,V083252d,V083256
2012: dem_racecps_asian,dem_racecps_black,dem_racecps_native,dem_racecps_othrace,dem_racecps_pacif,
dem_racecps_racedkrf,dem_racecps_white
2016: V161310x
2020: V201549x
2024: V241501x



VCF0105b RACE-ETHNICITY SUMMARY, 4 CATEGORIES
Question
1948,1952,1956-1970: Interviewer observation of Race.
1972-1976: Interviewer observation of Race.
In addition to being American, what do you
consider your main ethnic group or nationality
group?
1978: Interviewer observation of Race.
Interviewer observation: R of Hispanic origin.
In addition to being American, is there another nationality or
ethnic group that you feel you belong to?
(IF YES:) What group is that?
1980,1982,1984,1986: Interviewer observation of Race.
Interviewer observation: R of Hispanic origin.
In addition to being American, what do you
consider your main ethnic group or nationality
group?
1988-1998: Interviewer observation of Race.
In addition to being American, what do you consider your
main ethnic group or nationality group?
[IF HISPANIC ETHNIC GROUP NOT MENTIONED] Are you of Spanish
or Hispanic origin or descent?
2000-2008: What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?
[MULTIPLE MENTIONS CODED BY IWR]
In addition to being American, what do you consider your main
ethnic group or nationality group?
[IF HISPANIC ETHNIC GROUP NOT MENTIONED] Are you of Spanish
or Hispanic origin or descent?
2012,2016: Are you Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino?
FTF ONLY: I am going to read you a list of five race categories.
Please choose one or more races that you consider
yourself to be: [MULTIPLE MENTIONS]: White / Black or
African-American / American Indian or Alaska Native /
Asian / Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander /
Other.
Valid
1. White non-Hispanic
2. Black non-Hispanic
3. Hispanic
4. Other or multiple races, non-Hispanic
Missing
9. Missing, DK/REF/NA
0. Missing, pre-1966 data
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from VCF0105a: 1=1,2=2,3=4,4=4,5=3,6=4,7=0,9=9.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480046
1952: V520129
1956: V560172
1958: V580171
1960: V600119
1962: V620097
1964: V640183
1966: V660237
1968: V680264
1970: V700391 (Type 0)
1972: V720406,V720425
1974: V742528,V742554
1976: V763489,V763513
1978: V780608,V780609,V780631,V780632
1980: V800695,V800696,V800721,V800722
1982: V820736,V820737,V820763,V820764
1984: V840689,V840690,V840708,V840709
1986: V860739,V860740,V860756,V860757
1988: V880412,V880534,V880535,V880540
1990: V900549,V900670,V900671,V900676
1992: V923011,V924116,V924117,V924122,V924202
1994: V941411,V941412,V941413,V941418,V941435
1996: V960067,V960703,V960704,V960708
1998: V980654,V980655,V980659,V980673
2000: V001006a,V001006b,V001006c,V001008,V001009,V001012
2002: V021001,V023150,V023151
2004: V043299,V043301a,V043301b,V043301c,V043305
2008: V083251a,V083251b,V083251c,V083251d,V083251e,V083252a,V083252b,V083252c,V083252d,V083256
2012: dem_racecps_asian,dem_racecps_black,dem_racecps_native,dem_racecps_othrace,dem_racecps_pacif,
dem_racecps_racedkrf,dem_racecps_white
2016: V161310x
2020: V201549x
2024: V241501x



VCF0106 RACE SUMMARY, 3 CATEGORIES
Question
1948,1952,1956-1970: Interviewer observation of Race.
1972-1976: Interviewer observation of Race.
In addition to being American, what do you
consider your main ethnic group or nationality
group?
1978: Interviewer observation of Race.
Interviewer observation: R of Hispanic origin.
In addition to being American, is there another nationality or
ethnic group that you feel you belong to?
(IF YES:) What group is that?
1980,1982,1984,1986: Interviewer observation of Race.
Interviewer observation: R of Hispanic origin.
In addition to being American, what do you
consider your main ethnic group or nationality
group?
1988-1998: Interviewer observation of Race.
In addition to being American, what do you consider your
main ethnic group or nationality group?
[IF HISPANIC ETHNIC GROUP NOT MENTIONED] Are you of Spanish
or Hispanic origin or descent?
2000-2008: What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you?
[MULTIPLE MENTIONS CODED BY IWR]
In addition to being American, what do you consider your main
ethnic group or nationality group?
[IF HISPANIC ETHNIC GROUP NOT MENTIONED] Are you of Spanish
or Hispanic origin or descent?
2012: FTF ONLY: I am going to read you a list of five race categories.
FTF AND WEB: Please choose one or more races that you consider
yourself to be: [MULTIPLE MENTIONS]: White / Black or
African-American / American Indian or Alaska Native /
Asian / Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander /
Other.
Are you Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino?
Valid
1. White non-Hispanic
2. Black non-Hispanic
3. Other
Missing
9. Missing, DK/REF/NA
0. Missing, pre-1966 data
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from VCF0105a: 1=1,2=2,3=3,4=3,5=3,6=3,7=0,9=9.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480046
1952: V520129
1956: V560172
1958: V580171
1960: V600119
1962: V620097
1964: V640183
1966: V660237
1968: V680264
1970: V700391 (Type 0)
1972: V720406,V720425
1974: V742528,V742554
1976: V763489,V763513
1978: V780608,V780609,V780631,V780632
1980: V800695,V800696,V800721,V800722
1982: V820736,V820737,V820763,V820764
1984: V840689,V840690,V840708,V840709
1986: V860739,V860740,V860756,V860757
1988: V880412,V880534,V880535,V880540
1990: V900549,V900670,V900671,V900676
1992: V923011,V924116,V924117,V924122,V924202
1994: V941411,V941412,V941413,V941418,V941435
1996: V960067,V960703,V960704,V960708
1998: V980654,V980655,V980659,V980673
2000: V001006a,V001006b,V001006c,V001008,V001009,V001012
2002: V021001,V023150,V023151
2004: V043299,V043301a,V043301b,V043301c,V043305
2008: V083251a,V083251b,V083251c,V083251d,V083251e,V083252a,V083252b,V083252c,V083252d,V083256
2012: dem_racecps_asian,dem_racecps_black,dem_racecps_native,dem_racecps_othrace,dem_racecps_pacif,
dem_racecps_racedkrf,dem_racecps_white
2016: V161310x
2020: V201549x
2024: V241501x



VCF0107 RESPONDENT - HISPANIC ORIGIN TYPE
Question
1988-2008:
In addition to being American, what do you consider
your main ethnic group or nationality group? (IF NO HISPANIC GROUP
MENTIONED:) Are you of Spanish or Hispanic origin or descent?
IF YES:) Please look at the booklet and tell me which category best
describes your Hispanic origin.
2012:
Are you Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino? (IF YES:) Are you Mexican,
Mexican-American, Chicano, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Cuban-American, or
some other Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino group? (IF ‘OTHER’ FOR ANY
MENTION:) What is the name of your other Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino
group? (IF MORE THAN 1 MENTION:) Which group do you most closely
identify with?
2016:
Families of Hispanic or Latino background in the United States come
from many different places. Which Spanish-speaking or Latin American
country or territory does most of your family come from? (IF MORE
THAN 1 MENTION:) You said your family comes from ______. Which one
of these does most of your family come from?
Valid
1. Yes, Mexican/Mexican-American/Chicano
2. Yes, Puerto Rican
3. Yes, other Hispanic
4. Yes, Hispanic but DK/NA type
7. No, not Hispanic
Missing
8. DK if Hispanic
9. RF, NA if Hispanic
0. Short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0108.
Respondent booklet is shown to R (exc. 2000 telephone and 2002:) .
Beginning in 1988, the respondent was asked within the series of
ethnicity questions [SEE VCF0109] whether s/he is Hispanic. Prior to
1988, information about Hispanic origin was determined only by
interviewer observation.
1978 NOTE:
A large number (171) of NAs appeared in the Study data.
1980 NOTE:
A Hispanic origin variable was present in both the pre and post. The
pre version is represented here.
1984 NOTE:
same as 1980
1992 NOTE:
This was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-form
panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
2002 NOTE:
For panel cases, 2000 data were incorporated.
2004 NOTE:
A question on Hispanic identity of household members was also
administered as part of the screener (household listing). Data for
the screener identification of Hispanic status are found separately
in the 2008 Time Series study data; screener Hispanic status was
used in the construction of the 2008 study weights.
2012 NOTE:
Respondents are coded 1 or 2 if they gave one mention as Mexican/
Mexican-American/Chicano or as Puerto Rican, or else if they gave
multiple mentions but identified their closest group as one of those.
2016 NOTE:
Respondents are coded 1 or 2 if they gave one mention for country
of origin as Mexico or Puerto Rico, or else if they gave more than
one mention for country of origin but identified Mexico or Puerto
Rico as the country from which ‘most’ of their family came. Respondents
who gave more than one mention but who did not choose Mexico or
Puerto Rico as the country from which most of their family came
are coded 3. Respondents who identified themselves as Hispanic
but who did not mention any country other than U.S.A. are coded 4.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780632
1980: V800722
1982: V820764
1984: V840709
1986: V860757
1988: V880540,V880541
1990: V900676,V900677
1992: V924122,V924123
1994: V941418,V941419
1996: V960708,V960709
1998: V980659,V980660
2000: V001012,V001013
2002: V023152
2004: V043306
2008: V083255,V083256,V083256a
2012: dem_hisp,dem_hispmost,dem_hisptyp_mex,dem_hisptyp_mexam,dem_hisptyp_chicano,
dem_hisptyp_puertorican,dem_hisptyp_dkrf
2016: V161319x
2020: V201558x
2024: V241512x



VCF0108 RESPONDENT - HISPANIC ORIGIN
Question
1988 AND LATER: In addition to being American, what do you consider
your main ethnic group or nationality group? (IF NO HISPANIC GROUP
MENTIONED:) Are you of Spanish or Hispanic origin or descent?
IF YES:) Please look at the booklet and tell me which category best
describes your Hispanic origin.
2012,2016: Are you Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino?
Valid
1. Yes, R is Hispanic
2. No, R is not Hispanic
Missing
8. DK
9. RF, NA
0. Short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from VCF0107.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780632
1980: V800722
1982: V820764
1984: V840709
1986: V860757
1988: V880540,V880541
1990: V900676,V900677
1992: V924122,V924123
1994: V941418,V941419
1996: V960708,V960709
1998: V980659,V980660
2000: V001012,V001013
2002: V023151
2004: V043305,V043306
2008: V083255,V083256,V083256a
2012: dem_hisp
2016: V161309
2020: V201546
2024: V231499



VCF0109 RESPONDENT - ETHNICITY
Question
In addition to being an American what do you consider your main
ethnic group or nationality group?
(IF MORE THAN 1 GROUP MENTIONED: ) With which of these groups do you
most closely identify?
Valid
010-874. Ethnicity as coded
Missing
877.’American’; ‘Just American’; none; neither
(response to ‘choice’ question); NA
888. DK
000. Short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See ethnicicty codes- Appendix ‘ETHNICITY’
This represents the single mention of respondents who indicated only
1 ethnic group and the ‘most close’ group (followup question) of
respondents who indicated more than 1 ethnic group.
There is no code to single out Rs who volunteered to assert their
‘American’ identity. This is because in most years these Rs were
combined with NA and/or ‘none’ (no ethnic identity).
1978 NOTE:
A version of this question which included a (filter) lead-in was used:
‘In addition to being an American, is there another nationality group
or ethnic group that you feel you belong to? [IF YES] What…’
Because of this format, the 1978 distributions varied dramatically from
other years, and 1978 data have not been included.
1992 NOTE:
This was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-form
panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
1996 NOTE:
In a few cases R identified 2 or more nationality/ethnicity groups but
the interviewer did not ask the ‘choice’ followup (due to incorrect
completion of the IWR checkpoint); since R’s chosen nationality/
ethnicity remained undetermined, these cases (30) were considered
missing data (code 99 here).
2004 NOTE:
For respondents who gave multiple mentions but did not choose one
ethnic group as closest, 1st mention is coded.
2008 NOTE:
For respondents who gave multiple mentions but did not choose one
ethnic group as closest, 1st mention is coded.
2012 NOTE:
Beginning with 2012, data for this question have been considered
confidential.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720406
1974: V742528
1976: V763489
1980: V800695,V800696,V800697
1982: V820739
1984: V840692
1986: V860742
1988: V880537
1990: V900673
1992: V924116,V924119
1994: V941415
1996: V960706
1998: V980657
2000: V001008
2004: V043303x
2008: V083254x



VCF0110 RESPONDENT - EDUCATION 4-CATEGORY
Question
1952-1972: How many grades of school did you finish?
1974,1976: What is highest grade of school or year of college
you have completed? Did you get a high school diploma or pass a high
school equivalency test? Do you have a college degree? (IF YES:) What
degree is that?
1978-1984: What is highest grade of school or year of college
you have completed? Did you get a high school diploma or pass a high
school equivalency test? Do you have a college degree? (IF YES:) What
is the highest degree that you have earned?
1986-2008: What is highest grade of school or year of college
you have completed? Did you get a high school diploma or pass a high
school equivalency test? What is the highest degree that you have
earned?
2012: What is the highest level of school you have completed or the
highest degree you have received?
Valid
1. Grade school or less (0-8 grades); 2020: less than high school credential
2. High school (12 grades or fewer, incl. non-college training if applicable)
3. Some college (13 grades or more but no degree;
1948 ONLY: college, no identification of degree status)
4. College or advanced degree (no cases 1948)
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Pre IW; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section
(1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0140.
Code 4 includes 1 case in 1968, 2 cases in 1976 and 4 cases in 1974
which were designated by respondents as ‘honorary degrees.’
Uncodeable Other mentions are included I missing data.
1948 NOTE 1:
Question wording is undocumented.
1948 NOTE 2:
No distinction was made between Rs holding college degrees and those
who attended college but did not receive a degree. All cases coded
‘college’ in 1948 are coded 3 – there are no cases coded 4 for 1948.
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases: data from these
forms were incorporated.
1992 NOTE:
This was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-form
panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
2002 NOTE:
For panel cases, 2000 data were incorporated.
2004 NOTE:
1 respondent who did not indicate highest grade, but who indicated
no high school diploma, has been coded 2.
2020: For the 2020 Time Series, all responses that were less than a high school credential were recoded into a single code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480048
1952: V520131
1956: V560181
1958: V580180
1960: V600128
1962: V620078
1964: V640196
1966: V660197
1968: V680156
1970: V700269(type 0)
1972: V720300
1974: V742418
1976: V763389
1978: V780513
1980: V800436
1982: V820542
1984: V840438
1986: V860602
1988: V880422
1990: V900557
1992: V923905,V923908
1994: V941206,V941209
1996: V960607,V960610
1998: V980577
2000: V000913
2002: V023131
2004: V043254
2008: V083218x
2012: dem_edu
2016: V161270
2020: V201511x
2024: V241465x



VCF0111 URBANISM
Question
Urbanism
Valid
1. Central cities
2. Suburban areas
3. Rural, small towns, outlying and adjacent areas
Missing
0. NA; telephone (RDD) sample (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See ‘URBANISM NOTE’ appendix.
This represents R’s sampling address. Data are not available after 2000.
1948 NOTE:
Urbanism variable was not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520007
1956: V560004
1958: V580005
1960: V600006
1962: V620003
1964: V640006
1966: V660006
1968: V680008
1970: V700027(type 0)
1972: V720012
1974: V742017
1976: V763018
1978: V780026
1980: V800021
1982: V820025
1984: V840019
1986: V860031
1988: V880022
1990: V900023
1992: V923067
1994: V940059
1996: V960118
1998: V980099
2000: V000093



VCF0112 CENSUS REGION
Question
Region - U.S. Census
Valid
1. Northeast (CT, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT)
2. North Central (IL, IN, IA, KS, MI, MN, MO, NE, ND, OH, SD, WI)
3. South (AL, AR, DE, D.C., FL, GA, KY, LA, MD, MS, NC, OK, SC,TN, TX, VA, WV)
4. West (AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, NM, OR, UT, WA, WY)
Missing
0. NA (1948)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable represents the region codes of the U.S. Census.
1952 NOTE:
No state variable was present, however this was recoded from sampling
location information.
1962 NOTE:
same as 1952.
1954 NOTE:
No state variable was present and no other location information was
available; this has been coded from a non-Census version region
variable comprised of categories containing unspecified states:
1. Northeast; 2. Midwest 3. South; 4. Far West.
1994 NOTE:
For panel respondents who moved between study years, region corresponds
to the place where R was intereviewed for the latest study.
1996 NOTE:
same as 1994
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520005
1956: V560007
1958: V580009
1960: V600010
1962: V620003
1964: V640012
1966: V660010
1968: V680014
1970: V700018(type 0)
1972: V720004
1974: V742005
1976: V763005
1978: V780012
1980: V800023
1982: V820014
1984: V840009
1986: V860025
1988: V880008
1990: V900008
1992: V923014
1994: V940011
1996: V960115
1998: V980098
2000: V000092
2002: V021203
2004: V041204a
2008: V081204
2012: sample_region
2016: V163001b
2020: V203003
2024: V243007



VCF0113 POLITICAL SOUTH/NONSOUTH
Question
Region - political south
Valid
1. South
2. Nonsouth
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This var identifies the 11 secession states: Alabama, Arkansas,
Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. These states cannot be
identified for 1954.
This identification of ‘south’ does NOT conform to the definition
used in VCF0112 (Census-defined region).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520005
1956: V560007
1958: V580009
1960: V600010
1962: V620003
1964: V640012
1966: V660010
1968: V680013
1970: V700019(type 0)
1972: V720005
1974: V742006
1976: V763006
1978: V780014
1980: V800023
1982: V820014
1984: V840009
1986: V860025
1988: V880008
1990: V900008
1992: V923014
1994: V940011
1996: V960108
1998: V980086
2000: V000092
2002: V021201
2004: V041204a
2008: V081201b
2012: sample_state
2016: V163001b
2020: V203001



VCF0114 RESPONDENT FAMILY - INCOME GROUP
Question
1952,1956-1960:
About what do you think your total income will be this year for yourself
and your immediate family?
1962:
Would you tell me how much income you and your family will be making
during this calendar year, 1962. I mean, before taxes.
1964,1968:
About what do you think your total income will be this year for yourself
and your immediate family. Just give me the number/ letter) of the
right income category.
1966,1970:
Many people don’t know their exact (1966/1970) income yet; but would you
tell me as best you can what you expect your (1966/1970) income to be–
before taxes? You may just tell me the letter of the group on this card
into which your family income will probably fall.
1972-1990, 1992 LONG-FORM,1994-2008 EXC. 2000 TELEPHONE:
Please look at this card/page (2000 FTF: the booklet) and tell me the
letter of the income group that includes the income of all members of
your family living here in [previous year] before taxes. This figure
should include salaries, wages, pensions, dividends, interest, and all
other income. (IF UNCERTAIN:) What would be your best guess?
1992 SHORT FORM:
Can you give us an estimate of your total family income in 1991 before
taxes? This figure should include salaries, wages, pensions, dividends,
interest and all other income for every member of your family living in
your house in 1991. First could you tell me if that was above or below
$24,999? (IF UNCERTAIN: what would be your best guess?) (IF ABOVE/BELOW
$24,999:) I will read you some income categories, could you please stop
me when I reach the category that corresponds to your family situation?
2000 TELEPHONE:
I am going to read you a list of income categories. Please tell me which
category best describes the.total income of all members of your family
living in your house in 1999 before taxes. This figure should include
salaries, wages, pensions, dividends, interest, and all other income.
Please stop me when I get to your family’s income.
2012:
Information about income is very important to understand how people are
doing financially these days. Your answers are confidential. Would you
please give your best guess?
The next question is about [the total income of all the members of your
family living here / your total income] in 2011, before taxes.
This figure should include income from all sources, including salaries,
wages, pensions, Social Security, dividends, interest, and all other
income. What was [the total income in 2011 of all your family members
living here / your total income in 2011]?
(IF DK/RF:) Was it $40,000 or more, or less than that?
(IF LESS THAN 40,000:) Was it $20,000 or more, or less than that?
(IF LESS THAN 40,000 AND LESS THAN 20,000:) Please mark the answer that
includes the income of all members of your family living here in 2011
before taxes.
(IF LESS THAN 40,000 BUT MORE THAN 20,000:) Please mark the answer
that includes the income of all members of your family living here
in 2011 before taxes.
(IF MORE THAN 40,000:) Was it $70,000 or more, or less than that?
(IF MORE THAN 40,000 BUT LESS THAN 70,000:) Please mark the answer
that includes the income of all members of your family living here
in 2011 before taxes.
(IF MORE THAN 40,000 AND MORE THAN 70,000:) Was it $100,000 or more,
or less than that?
(IF MORE THAN 40,000, MORE THAN 70,000, BUT LESS THAN 100,000:)
Please mark the answer that includes the income of all members
of your family living here in 2011 before taxes.
(IF MORE THAN 40,000, MORE THAN 70,000 AND MORE THAN 100,000:)
Please mark the answer that includes the income of all members
of your family living here in 2011 before taxes.
Valid
1. 0 to 16 percentile
2. 17 to 33 percentile
3. 34 to 67 percentile
4. 68 to 95 percentile
5. 96 to 100 percentile
Missing
0. DK; NA; refused to answer; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘INCOME’ for income ranges corresponding to these
percentiles.
Study coding of income was approximated as closely as possible to fit
within this version. Prior to 1972, this was an estimate of CURRENT
year’s income; since 1972, PREVIOUS year’s income. NOTE that in all
years beginning 1976 this question was not actually asked if R was the
only household member age 14 or over: in such cases, data from the
question asking R’s own income was duplicated. (Prior to 1976 R’s
own income was not determined.)
Beginning in 1964, R was shown a respondent card or booklet.
1948 NOTE:
Question wording was undocumented.
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases: data from
these forms were incorporated.
1996 NOTE:
For 14 cases, interviewers entered responses where individual income
was higher than family income. In some of these cases, the responses
for family income and R income may have been provided.entered in
incorrect order.
1998 NOTE:
Some interviewers coded lowest income category when the respondent
stated that he or she did not know what the household income was.
Study staff has reviewed all interviewer comment material available to
identify cases coded in the lowest category where comment NOTEs clearly
indicate Don’t Know; such cases have been recoded to DK. However, it
is not known whether there are additional DK cases (without recorded
comments) for which lowest category had been incorrectly coded.
2002 NOTE:
Income categories were too broad for approximation here.
2012 NOTE:
Income range was included in the public release. Percentile group
represents full (combined) 2012 sample, including both in-person
(FTF) and Web respondents.
2016 NOTE:
Same as 2012.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480049
1952: V520160
1956: V560190
1958: V580203
1960: V600189
1962: V620075
1964: V640269
1966: V660235
1968: V680261
1970: V700388(type 0)
1972: V720420
1974: V742549
1976: V763507
1978: V780598
1980: V800686
1982: V820725
1984: V840680
1986: V860733
1988: V880520
1990: V900663
1992: V924104
1994: V941404
1996: V960701
1998: V980652
2000: V000994
2004: V043293x
2008: V083248x
2012: incgroup_prepost_x
2016: V161361x,V162309x
2020: V202468x
2024: V241566x



VCF0115 RESPONDENT - OCCUPATION GROUP 6-CATEGORY
Question
1952-1964:
What is your occupation. I mean, what kind of work do you do? (IF NOT
CLEAR OR OBVIOUS [1958,1960,1964 only]:) What exactly do you do on your
job? (IF NOT ASCERTAINED:) What kind of business is that? (IF R IS
UNEMPLOYED:) What kind of work do you usually do? (IF R IS RETIRED:)
What kind of work did you do before you retired?
1968-1970:
(IF EMPLOYED OR ON STRIKE:) What kind of work do you do? [What exactly
do you do on your job?] (IF UNEMPLOYED OR RETIRED:) What kind of work
did you do when you were employed? [What exactly did you do on your job?]
1972-1982:
(IF R IS WORKING NOW OR IS TEMPORARILY LAID OFF:) What is your main
occupation [What sort of work do you do? Tell me a little more about
what you do.] (IF R IS UNEMPLOYED:) What kind of work did you do on
your last regular job [What was your occupation?] (IF R IS RETIRED OR
DISABLED:) What kind of work did you do when you worked [What was your
main occupation?]
1984 AND LATER:
(IF R IS WORKING NOW OR IS TEMPORARILY LAID OFF:) What is your main
occupation [What sort of work do you do?] What are your most important
activities or duties? (IF R IS RETIRED/UNEMPLOYED /DISABLED:) What kind
of work did you do on your last regular job [What was your occupation?]
What were your most important activities or duties?
Valid
1. Professional and managerial
2. Clerical and sales workers
3. Skilled, semi-skilled and service workers
4. Laborers, except farm
5. Farmers, farm managers, farm laborers and foremen; forestry and fishermen
6. Homemakers (1972-1992: 7 IN VCF0116, 4 in VCF0118; 1952-1970: 4 in VCF0118)
Missing
0. NA; member of armed forces; no occupation and not a homemaker; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix OCCUPATION notes.
This represents current employment of respondents defined as ‘working
now’, and represents past employment of respondents defined as retired,
unemployed, or disabled; respondents defined as homemakers are coded 6,
and respondents defined as students are coded 0.
Exclusion: in studies 1966-later, additional occupation data were
available for Rs considered ‘students’ and ‘housewives’ (either
nonworking [past/recent employment] or currently working some hours
[1966-1970: any number of hours; 1972 and later: less than 20 hours per
week], but corresponding occupation data were not available at all in
the 1952,1956,1958,1960 or 1964 studies, and VCF0115 excludes the
occupation of this additional set of (1966-later) respondents: VCF0151
includes such additional data.
2002 NOTE:
Respondent occupation was not determined.
2008-LATER NOTE:
Revised master codes are not comparable to preceding years for
collapse into these categories.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520132,V520134
1956: V560120,V560123
1958: V580181,V580184
1960: V600129,V600132
1964: V640202,V640205
1968: V680161
1970: V700275,V700276(type 0)
1972: V720306,V720309
1974: V742443,V742446
1976: V763409,V763412
1978: V780531,V780534
1980: V800454,V800455,V800471,V800486
1982: V820556,V820557,V820572
1984: V840456,V840504,V840516
1986: V860614,V860664
1988: V880428,V880466
1990: V900565,V900603
1992: V923914,V923955
1994: V941215,V941216
1996: V960615,V960676
1998: V980579,V980639
2000: V000919,V000980
2004: V043262p



VCF0116 RESPONDENT - WORK STATUS 7-CATEGORY
Question
1972-1978:
(1972: We’d like to know if you are looking for work, working now) (1974-
1978: We’d like to know if you are working now, or are you unemployed,)
retired, (a housewife) a (student), or what? (IF HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT)
Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (IF R IS HOMEMAKER
OR STUDENT AND R IS WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many hours do you work
on your job in the average week?
1980 AND LATER EXC. 2002 FRESH CROSS:
We’d like to know if you are working now, temporarily laid off, or are
you unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a
student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Are you doing any work for
pay at the present time? (RETIRED 1980,1982, 1988 AND LATER:) Are you
doing any work for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982,1988 AND
LATER:) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR
HOMEMAKER:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average
week? (RETIRED AND ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week do
you work 20 or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R
ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1982,1988 AND LATER:) About how many hours do
you work on your job in the average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED AND R
VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY 1984,1986:) About how many hours do you work
on your job in the average week?
2002 FRESH CROSS:
We’d like to know if you are working now, or are you unemployed,
retired, a homemaker, (a student), or what? (MULTIPLE RESPONSES)
Valid
1. Working now
2. Temporarily laid off
4. Unemployed
5. Retired
6. Permanently disabled
7. Homemaker
8. Student
Missing
9. RF, NA, DK
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE ‘WORK STATUS’.
See also VCF0118,VCF0150.
For all years except 2002, this is occupation status after the
respondent has first self-identified in one or more occupation
categories and then answered other employment questions related to work
history, number of work hours etc.; for these years, it may be that
coding here differs from R’s initial self-identification(s).
2002 NOTE:
2000 data have been incorporated for panel cases.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720306
1974: V742443
1976: V763409
1978: V780531
1980: V800515
1982: V820610
1984: V840457
1986: V860615
1988: V880429
1990: V900566
1992: V923915
1994: V941216
1996: V960676
1998: V980579a
2000: V000920
2002: V023132x
2004: V043260b
2008: V083222a
2012: dem_empstatus_1digitfin_x
2016: V161276x
2020: V201534x
2024: V241488x



VCF0117 HEAD OF HH - WORK STATUS 7-CATEGORY 1948-1986
Question
1948: What is [head’s] occupation, I mean, what kind of work does
head) do?
1972-1978:
We’d also like to know about the head of the family. Is (he/she) working
now, looking for work, retired,(a housewife), (a student), or what?
(HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT) Are you doing any work for pay at the present
time? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT, AND R IS WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many
hours do you work on your job in the average week?
1980-1986:
We’d like to know if he/she is working now, temporarily laid off, or is
he/she unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a
student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Is he/she doing any work for
pay at the present time? (RETIRED 1980,1982) Is he/she doing any work
for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982) Is he/she doing any work
for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) About how many
hours does he/she work on his/her job in the average week? (RETIRED AND
ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week does he/she work 20
or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R ANSWERED WORKING
FOR PAY 1982:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the
average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY
1984,1986:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the
average week?
Valid
1. Working now
2. Temporarily laid off
4. Unemployed (1972 adds ‘looking for work.’)
5. Retired
6. Permanently disabled
7. Housewife (not working at least 20 hrs. per wk.)
8. Student (not working at least 20 hrs. per wk.)
Missing
9. NA; DK
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE ‘WORK STATUS’.
After 1986, the concept of ‘Head of Household’ was discontinued.
1948 NOTE:
Constructed from the variable for occupation of Head.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480029
1972: V720329
1974: V742466
1976: V763431
1978: V780553
1980: V800592
1982: V820666
1984: V840531
1986: V860676



VCF0118 RESPONDENT - WORK STATUS 5-CATEGORY
Question
1968-1970:
Are you presently employed, or are you unemployed, or retired, (a
housewife), (a student), or what?
1972-1978:
(1972: We’d like to know if you are looking for work, working now) (1974-
1978: We’d like to know if you are working now, or are you unemployed,)
retired, (a housewife) a (student), or what? (IF HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT)
Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (IF R IS HOMEMAKER
OR STUDENT AND R IS WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many hours do you work
on your job in the average week?
1980 AND LATER EXC. 2002 FRESH CROSS:
We’d like to know if you are working now, temporarily laid off, or are
you unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a
student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Are you doing any work for
pay at the present time? (RETIRED 1980,1982, 1988 AND LATER:) Are you
doing any work for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982,1988 AND
LATER:) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR
HOMEMAKER:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average
week? (RETIRED AND ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week do
you work 20 or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R
ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1982,1988 AND LATER:) About how many hours do
you work on your job in the average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED AND R
VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY 1984,1986:) About how many hours do you work
on your job in the average week?
2002 FRESH CROSS:
We’d like to know if you are working now, or are you unemployed,
retired, a homemaker, (a student), or what? (MULTIPLE RESPONSES)
Valid
1. Employed
2. Not employed: laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled, other
(exc.: retired, student, housewife)
3. Retired
4. Homemaker (since 1972: not working 20 or more hrs/wk; 1968-1970: if
identifies self as ‘housewife;’ 1956-1964: not working at all;
1952: not working full time)
5. Student (since 1972: not working 20 or more hrs/wk; 1970:if identifies
self as ‘student;’ 1968: if identifies self as student–unless working
full time days [coded ‘employed’]; 1956-1964: full or part time day student,
working or not; 1952: not employed full time)
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE ‘WORK STATUS’.
See also VCF0116,VCF0150.
No direct question asking R about his/her work status was used prior
to 1968. Instead, R was asked what his/her occupation was, and codes
for ‘student,’ ‘retired,’ ‘housewife,’ ‘unemployed’ etc. appeared
within the occupation codes from which this variable has been
recoded. For years prior to 1972, this is respondent self-
identification (exceptions described in the appendix for cases where R
described self as working student or homemaker).
For years 1972 and later except 2002 fresh cross, this is occupation
status after the respondent has first self-identified in one or more
occupation categories and then has answered other employment questions
related to work history, number of work hours etc.; for these years,
it may be that coding here differs from R’s initial self-
identification(s).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520132
1956: V560120
1958: V580181
1960: V600129
1964: V640202
1968: V680160
1970: V700275(type 0)
1972: V720306
1974: V742443
1976: V763409
1978: V780531
1980: V800515
1982: V820610
1984: V840457
1986: V860615
1988: V880429
1990: V900565
1992: V923915
1994: V941216
1996: V960616
1998: V980579a
2000: V000920
2002: V023132x
2004: V043260b
2008: V083222x
2012: dem_empstatus_1digitfin_x
2016: V161276x
2020: V201534x
2024: V241488x



VCF0119 HEAD OF HH - WORK STATUS 5-CATEGORY 1952-1986
Question
1968,1970:
Is (the head) presently employed, or is (he/she) unemployed, retired, (a
hosuewife), (a student), or what?
1972-1978:
We’d also like to know about the head of the family. Is (he/she) working
now, looking for work, retired,(a housewife), (a student), or what?
(HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT) Are you doing any work for pay at the present
time? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT, AND R IS WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many
hours do you work on your job in the average week?
1980-1986:
We’d like to know if he/she is working now, temporarily laid off, or is
he/she unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a
student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Is he/she doing any work for
pay at the present time? (RETIRED 1980,1982) Is he/she doing any work
for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982) Is he/she doing any work
for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) About how many
hours does he/she work on his/her job in the average week? (RETIRED AND
ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week does he/she work 20
or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R ANSWERED WORKING
FOR PAY 1982:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the
average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY
1984,1986:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the
average week?
Valid
1. Employed
2. Not employed: laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled and
other except for retired, student or housewife
3. Retired (1966 adds ‘over 65’)
4. Homemaker (see VCF0118)
5. Student (see VCF0118)
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0118.
After 1986, the concept of ‘Head of Household’ was discontinued.
GENERAL NOTE:
No direct question asking R about head’s work status was used prior
to 1968. Instead, R was asked what head’s occupation was, and codes
for ‘student,’ ‘retired,’ ‘housewife,’ ‘unemployed’ etc. appeared
within the occupation codes from which this variable has been
recoded.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520135
1956: V560125
1958: V580188
1960: V600136
1964: V640209
1966: V660199
1968: V680168
1970: V700298(type 0)
1972: V720329
1974: V742466
1976: V763431
1978: V780553
1980: V800592
1982: V820666
1984: V840531
1986: V860676



VCF0120 RESPONDENT - PRESTIGE SCORE S.E.I. RANK 1976-1984
Question
Duncan S.E.I. score for R
Missing
998. R is member of armed forces or former member
000. R has never worked (unemployed or disabled)– all years; R is
nonworking student or housewife–all years; R is housewife or student
working less than 20 hrs per week (1976,1978)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See PRESTIGE SCORE appendices.
1976 NOTE:
Score (3-digit code, see APPENDIX ‘DUNCAN S.E.I. AND NORC PRESTIGE
SCALES 1976-1982’) based on 1970 U.S. Census occupation codes.
Scores have 1 implied decimal point, i.e., code 578 represents a score
of 57.8.
1978 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1980 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1982 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1984 NOTE:
Score (4-digit code, see APPENDIX ‘1984 DUNCAN S.E.I.’) is based on
1980 U.S. Census occupation codes; distributions are not comparable to
earlier years (based on 1970 Census).Scores have 1 implied decimal point.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763413,V763425
1978: V780535,V780547
1980: V800504,V800517
1982: V820558,V820573,V820586,V820600
1984: V841136



VCF0121 HEAD OF HH - PRESTIGE SCORE S.E.I. RANK 1976-1984
Question
Duncan S.E.I. score for Head
Missing
998. Head is member of armed forces or former member
999. NA if Head is working now/has ever worked; Head’s occupation NA
000. R has never worked (unemployed or disabled)- all years; R is
nonworking student or housewife- all years; R is housewife or student
working less than 20 hrs per week (1976,1978)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See PRESTIGE SCORE appendices.
1976 NOTE:
Score (3-digit code, see APPENDIX ‘DUNCAN S.E.I. AND NORC PRESTIGE
SCALES 1976-1982’) based on 1970 U.S. Census occupation codes.
Scores have 1 implied decimal point, i.e., code 578 represents a score
of 57.8.
1978 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1980 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1982 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1984 NOTE:
Score (4-digit code, see APPENDIX ‘1984 DUNCAN S.E.I.’) is based on
1980 U.S. Census occupation codes; distributions are not comparable to
earlier years (based on 1970 Census).Scores have 1 implied decimal point.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763435,V763446
1978: V780557,V780569
1980: V800581,V800594
1982: V820614,V820629,V820642,V820656
1984: V841138



VCF0122 RESPONDENT - PRESTIGE SCORE NORC RANK 1976-1982
Question
NORC Prestige score for R
Missing
998. R is member of armed forces or former member; R’s occupation has
no NORC code (2 categories: carpenter’s helpers, or fishermen and
oystermen)
000. R has never worked (unemployed or disabled)– all years; R is
nonworking student or housewif e–all years; R is housewife or
student working less than 20 hrs per week (1976,1978)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See PRESTIGE SCORE appendices.
1976 NOTE:
Score (3-digit code, see APPENDIX ‘DUNCAN S.E.I. AND NORC PRESTIGE
SCALES 1976-1982’) based on 1970 U.S. Census occupation codes.
Scores have 1 implied decimal point, i.e., code 578 represents a score
of 57.8.
1978 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1980 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1982 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763414,V763426
1978: V780536,V780548
1980: V800505,V800518
1982: V820559,V820574,V820587,V820601



VCF0123 HEAD OF HH - PRESTIGE SCORE NORC RANK 1976-1982
Question
NORC Prestige score for Head
Missing
998. Head is member of armed forces or former member; Head’s occupation
has no NORC code (2 categories: carpenter’s helpers, and fishermen
and oystermen)
999. NA if Head is working now/has ever worked; Head’s occupation NA
000. Head has never worked (unemployed or disabled)–all years; Head is
nonworking student or housewife –all years; Head is housewife or
student working less than 20 hours per week (1976,1978); identity
of head of household not established (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See PRESTIGE SCORE appendices.
1976 NOTE:
Score (3-digit code, see APPENDIX ‘DUNCAN S.E.I. AND NORC PRESTIGE
SCALES 1976-1982’) based on 1970 U.S. Census occupation codes.
Scores have 1 implied decimal point, i.e., code 578 represents a score
of 57.8.
1978 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1980 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
1982 NOTE:
See 1976 note.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763436,V763447
1978: V780558,V780570
1980: V800582,V800595
1982: V820615,V820630,V820643,V820657



VCF0124 RESPONDENT - PRESTIGE SCORE S.E.S. RANK 1968-1974
Question
Duncan S.E.S. score for R
Missing
98. R is member of armed forces or former member; R’s occupation has
no S.E.S. code (tobacco manufacturers)
99. NA if R is working now/ has ever worked; R’s occupation is NA
00. R is housewife, student (or student with job), unemployed, retired,
permanently disabled, or ‘handles own investments only’ (1966-1968);
R is nonworking housewife,nonworking student, permanently disabled,
‘handles own investments only’(1970); R is nonworking housewife/student
who has not worked in past 12 months, or is working housewife/student
but working less than 20 hours per week, or R has never worked
unemployed or disabled) or ‘handles own investments only’ (1972, 1974)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See PRESTIGE SCORE appendices.
These ratings were based on 1960 U.S. Census Occupation codes. This
2-digit code has no implied decimal points.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680163
1970: V700278,V700290(type 0)
1972: V720310,V720322
1974: V742447,V742459



VCF0125 HEAD OF HH - PRESTIGE SCORE S.E.S. RANK 1968-1974
Question
Duncan S.E.S. score for Head
Missing
98. Head is member of armed forces or former member; Head’s occupation
has no S.E.S. code (tobacco manufacturers)
99. NA if Head is working now/has ever worked; Head’s occupation is NA
00. Head is housewife, student (or student with job), unemployed, retired,
permanently disabled, or ‘handles own investments only’(1966-1968);
Head is nonworking housewife, nonworking student, permanently disabled,
‘handles own investments only’ (1970); Head is nonworking housewife/
student who has not worked in past 12 months, or is working housewife/
student but working less than 20 hrs per week, or Head has never worked
(unemployed or disabled) or ‘handles own investments only’(1972, 1974)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See PRESTIGE SCORE appendices.
These ratings were based on 1960 U.S. Census Occupation codes. This
2-digit code has no implied decimal points.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1966: V660204
1968: V680171
1970: V700301,V700313(type 0)
1972: V720333,V720345
1974: V742470,V742482



VCF0126 FATHER OF RESPONDENT - OCCUPATION 5-CATEGORY 1952-1996
Question
What kind of work did your father (SINCE 1978: [or father surrogate])
do for a living while you were growing up?
(SINCE 1984: What was his main occupation?)
(SINCE 1986: What were his most important activities or duties?)
(SINCE 1984: What kind of business or industry was that?)
Valid
1. Professional and managerial
2. Clerical and sales workers
3. Skilled, semi-skilled and service workers
4. Laborers, except farm
5. Farmers, farm managers, farm laborers and foremen
Missing
0. DK; NA; father wasn’t living/not raised by father/no information for
parental surrogate; member of armed forces; father not in labor force;
no Pre IW; short-form or Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Since 1984, this variable has been a recode taken from 1980 U.S.
Census Occupation codes [recoded here from collapsed-code Census
variables appearing in ANES datasets].
Prior to 1984, this variable was a recode from the following:
1976-1982: 1970 U.S. Census Occupation codes
1968-1974: CPS Political Behavior Occupation codes
1964: 1960 U.S. Census Occupation codes
1956-1960: 1950 U.S. Dept. of Commerce Census of occupations
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases: data from these
forms were incorporated.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520141
1956: V560298
1958: V580257
1960: V600180
1964: V640259
1966: V660228
1968: V680252
1970: V700370(type 0)
1972: V720413
1974: V742534
1976: V763495
1978: V780618
1980: V800705
1982: V820747
1984: V840694
1986: V860744
1988: V880542
1992: V924126
1996: V960710



VCF0126a FATHER OF RESPONDENT OCCUPATION 8-CATEGORY 1970-1976
Question
What kind of work did your father (SINCE 1978: [or father surrogate])
do for a living while you were growing up?
Valid
1. Professional, technical and kindred workers
2. Managers, officials and proprietors exc. farm
3. Clerical and kindred workers, sales workers
4. Craftsmen, foremen and kindred workers and (authoritative) protective
service workers
5. Operative and kindred workers
6. Service workers, including private household workers and (exec. authoritative)
protective service workers
7. Laborers, except farm
8. Farm laborers and foremen; farmers; owners, managers, tenant farmers and
sharecroppers
Missing
9. Occupation not reported (NA); members of armed forces; not in labor
force
0. Father wasn’t living; not raised by father; no parallel information for
parental surrogate
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700370(type 0)
1972: V720413
1974: V742534
1976: V763495



VCF0126b FATHER OF RESPONDENT - OCCUPATION GROUP 1978-1982,1996
Question
What kind of work did your father or father surrogate do for a
living while you were growing up?
Valid
01. Professional, technical and kindred workers
02. Managers and administrators, except farm
03. Sales workers
04. Clerical and kindred workers
05. Craftsmen and kindred workers
06. Operatives, except transport
07. Transport equipment operatives
08. Laborers, except farm
09. Farmers (owners and tenants), farm managers, farmer – NA type
10. Farm foreman, farm laborer (wage-worker)
11. Service workers, except private household and government protective services
12. Government protective services: firemen; police; marshals and constables
13. Private household workers
14. Member of armed forces
15. Not in labor force
Missing
98. DK
99. NA
00. Father wasn’t living; not raised by father; no parallel information for
parental surrogate
INAP. question not used
Notes
1996 NOTE:
No code corresponding to 15 in Study data.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780618
1980: V800705
1982: V820747
1996: V960710



VCF0126c FATHER OF RESPONDENT - OCCUPATION GROUP 1984-1988,1992
Question
What kind of work did your father or father surrogate do for a
living while you were growing up? What was his main occupation?
(SINCE 1986: ) What were his most important activities or duties?
What kind of business or industry was that?
Valid
01. Executive, administrative and managerial
02. Professional speciality occupations
03. Technicians and related support occupations
04. Sales occupation
05. Administrative support, including clerical
06. Private household
07. Protective service
08. Service exc. protective and household
09. Farming, forestry and fishing occupations
10. Precision production, craft and repair occupations
11. Machine operators, assemblers and inspectors
12. Transportation and material, moving occupations
13. Handler, equipment cleaners, helpers and laborers
14. Member of armed forces
15. Not in labor force
Missing
98. DK
99. NA
00. Father wasn’t living; not raised by father; no parallel information for
parental surrogate; short form or Spanish language questionnaire (1992)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840694
1986: V860744
1988: V880542
1992: V924126



VCF0127 HOUSEHOLD - UNION MEMBERSHIP
Question
1948:
Does [head] belong to a labor union?
1952,1954:
Do either you or the head of your household belong to a labor union?
Who is it that belongs?
1956 AND LATER:
(1956-1984,2002: Does anyone) (1986-LATER EXC.2002: Do you or [1988:
does] anyone else) in this household belong to a labor union?
(IF YES:) Who is it that belongs?
Valid
1. Yes, someone (1948: head) in household belongs to a labor union
2. No, no one in household belongs to a labor union
Missing
0. RF; DK; NA; no Pre IW; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1948 NOTE:
‘Yes’ acknowledged only head’s union affiliation.
1952 NOTE:
‘Yes’ acknowledged only R’s or the head of household’s union
affiliation.
1954 NOTE:
same as 1952
1992 NOTE:
This was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-form
panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
2002 DATA:
Asked only of ‘fresh’ cross-section cases; for panel cases 2000 data
have been included.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480030
1952: V520139
1956: V560130
1958: V580205
1960: V600150
1964: V640228
1966: V660215
1968: V680201
1970: V700347(type 0)
1972: V720378
1974: V742515
1976: V763476
1978: V780595
1980: V800683
1982: V820722
1984: V840676
1986: V860729
1988: V880517
1990: V900660
1992: V924101
1994: V941401
1996: V960698
1998: V980649
2000: V000990
2002: V023133,V023133a
2004: V043290
2008: V083246
2012: dem_unionhh
2016: V161302
2020: V201544
2024: V241497



VCF0127a HOUSEHOLD - WHO BELONGS TO UNION 8-CATEGORY
Question
(1988-LATER EXC.2002: Do you or [1988: does] anyone else; 2002: Does
anyone) in this household belong to a labor union?
(IF YES:) Who is it that belongs?
Valid
00. No one
11. Respondent only
12. Spouse only
13. Other household member only
21. R and spouse
22. R and other household member
23. Spouse and other household member
31. R, spouse and other household member
Missing
99. DK; NA; DK/NA if anyone in union; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0127.
2002 NOTE:
Asked only of ‘fresh’ cross-section cases; for panel cases 2000 data
have been included.
Maximum of 2 mentions for 2002 Fresh cross-section cases; for panel
cases 2000 data have been included.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880517,V880518
1990: V900660,V900661
1992: V924101,V924102
1994: V941401,V941402
1996: V960698,V960699
1998: V980649,V980650
2000: V000990,V000991c
2002: V023134,V023134a
2004: V043290,V043291
2008: V083246,V083246a
2012: dem_unionhh,dem_unionwho_r,dem_unionwho_spouse,dem_unionwho_personoth
2016: V161302,V161303
2020: V201544, V201545



VCF0127b HOUSEHOLD - WHO BELONGS TO UNION 4-CATEGORY
Question
1952:
Do either you or the head of your household belong to a labor union?
Who is it that belongs?
1956 AND LATER:
(1956-1984,2002: Does anyone) (1986-LATER EXC.2002: Do you or [1988:
does] anyone else) in this household belong to a labor union?
(IF YES:) Who is it that belongs?
Valid
0. No one
1. R only
2. Someone other than R only
3. R and someone other than R
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Pre IW; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
‘Someone other than R’ can designate 1 or more persons.
1948,1954 NOTE:
In 1948 and 1954 it was not possible to distinguish when R was head,
and 1948 and 1954 are not included.
1952 NOTE:
Only R’s or the head of household’s union affiliation was coded; for
1952, codes 2 and 3 only include persons other than R if they were
designated head of household.
1992 NOTE:
This was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-form
panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
2002 NOTE:
Asked only of ‘fresh’ cross-section cases; for panel cases 2000 data
have been included.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520009,V520139
1956: V560130,V560174
1958: V580205,V580173
1960: V600150,V600121
1964: V640228,V640185
1966: V660215,V660238
1968: V680201,V680265
1970: V700347,V700348,V700392(type 0)
1972: V720378,V720379,V720426
1974: V742515,V742516,V742426
1976: V763392,V763476,V763477
1978: V780595,V780596
1980: V800683,V800684
1982: V820722,V820723
1984: V840676,V840678
1986: V860729,V860731
1988: V880517,V880518
1990: V900660,V900661
1992: V924101,V924102
1994: V941401,V941402
1996: V960698,V960699
1998: V980649,V980650
2000: V000990,V000991a,V000991b,V000991c
2002: V023134,V023134a
2004: V043290,V043291
2008: V083246,V083246a
2012: dem_unionhh,dem_unionwho_r,dem_unionwho_spouse,dem_unionwho_personoth
2016: V161302,V161303
2020: V201544, V201545



VCF0128 RESPONDENT - RELIGION MAJOR GROUP
Question
1952-1964: Is your Church (1962: religious) preference Protestant,
Catholic or Jewish?
1966-1968: Are you Protestant, Catholic or Jewish?
1970-1988,2002: Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic,
Jewish, or something else?
1990 AND LATER, exc. 2002: (IF R ATTENDS RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) Do you
mostly attend a place of worship that is Protestant, Roman Catholic,
Jewish or what? (IF R DOESN’T ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES:)
Regardless of whether you now attend any religious services do you
ever think of yourself as part of a particular church or
denomination? (IF YES:) Do you consider yourself Protestant, Roman
Catholic, Jewish or what?
Valid
1. Protestant
2. Catholic [Roman Catholic]
3. Jewish
4. Other and none (also includes DK preference)
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0129 and VCF0152.
In all Pre-Post studies except 1960 this was a Pre var.
This has been collapsed from the Study variable summarizing R’s
religious self-identification, constructed from the complete set of
questions asked, usually including questions additional to those
documented here (see questions per VCF0128b,VCF0129).
1990-later (exc. 2002) NOTE:
Questions about religious affiliation were preceded by the filter
question, ‘Lots of things come up that keep people from attending
religious services even if they want to.
Thinking about your life these days, do you ever attend religious
services, apart from occasional weddings, baptisms or funerals?’
(SEE VCF0130), which had some effect on distributions.
1948 NOTE:
Question wording was undocumented.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
2002 NOTE:
For panel cases, 2000 data were incorporated.
2012 NOTE:
In 2012, cases categorized as ‘undifferentiated Christian’ in the
major-group summary are coded 4.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480050
1952: V520158
1956: V560132
1958: V580210
1960: V600252
1962: V620093
1964: V640235
1966: V660221
1968: V680213
1970: V700360(type 0)
1972: V720422
1974: V742551
1976: V763510
1978: V780605
1980: V800693
1982: V820734
1984: V840687
1986: V860737
1988: V880527
1990: V900525,V900546
1992: V923827,V923850
1994: V941102,V941105,V941122
1996: V960602
1998: V980542,V980569
2000: V000878,V000904
2002: V023138
2004: V043247
2008: V083185b
2012: relig_7cat_x
2016: V161264x
2020: V201457x
2024: V241445x



VCF0128a RESPONDENT - RELIGION 7-CATEGORY 1960-1988
Question
1960,1964:
Is your Church (1962: religious) preference Protestant, Catholic or
Jewish? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church is that, Baptist, Methodist or what?
1966-1968:
Are you Protestant, Catholic or Jewish? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church is
that, Baptist, Methodist or what?
1970:
Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, or something
else? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church is that, Baptist, Methodist or what?
1972-1988:
Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, or something
else? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church or denomination is that?
(IF BAPTIST:) Is that Southern Baptist or something else?
2002:
Is your religious preference PROTESTANT, ROMAN CATHOLIC, JEWISH, or
something else? (IF PROTESTANT OR OTHER:) What church or denomination
is that?
Valid
1. Mainline Protestant
2. Evangelical Protestant
3. Catholic [Roman Catholic]
4. Jewish
5. Non-traditional orthodox
6. Non-Christian/Non-Jewish
7. Atheist, agnostic, none
Missing
9. DK; NA; refused to answer; no Pre IW; no Post IW; short-from ‘new’ Cross
Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from VCF0129.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1960: V600252
1964: V640235
1966: V660221
1968: V680213
1970: V700360(type 0)
1972: V720422
1974: V742551
1976: V763510
1978: V780605
1980: V800693
1982: V820734
1984: V840687
1986: V860737
1988: V880527



VCF0128b RESPONDENT - RELIGION 8-CATEGORY 1990-1996
Question
(IF R ATTENDS RELIGIOUS SERVICES: ) Do you mostly attend a place of
worship that is Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, or what?
(IF R DOESN’T ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) Regardless of whether you
now attend any religious services do you ever think of yourself as
part of a particular church or denomination? (IF YES:) Do you
consider yourself Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, or what?
ATTENDS/CONSIDERS SELF PROTESTANT:
(IF BAPTIST:) With which Baptist group is your church associated? Is
it the Southern Baptist Convention, the American Baptist Churches in
the USA, the American Baptist Association, [1992-LATER: the National
Baptist Convention U.S.A.,]an independent Baptist church or some other
Baptist group? (IF INDEPENDENT BAPTIST:) Are you affiliated with any
larger Baptist group or is this strictly a local church?
(IF LUTHERAN:) Is this church part of the Evangelical Lutheran Church
in America, the Missouri Synod, or some other Lutheran group?
(IF METHODIST:) Is your church part of the United Methodist Church,
African Methodist Episcopal, or some other Methodist group?
(IF PRESBYTERIAN:) Is this the Presbyterian Church in the USA or some
other Presbyterian group?
(IF REFORMED:) Is this the Christian Reformed Church, the Reformed
Church in America, or some other Reformed group?
(IF BRETHREN:) Is this the Church of the Brethren, the Plymouth
Brethren, or what?
(IF CHRISTIAN OR JUST CHRISTIAN:) When you say ‘Christian’ does that
mean the denomination called the ‘Christian Church (Disciples of
Christ),’ or some other Christian denomination, or do you mean to say
‘I am just a Christian?’
(IF CHURCH OR CHURCHES OF CHRIST:) Is this the Church of Christ or
United Church of Christ?
(IF CHURCH OF GOD:) Is this the Church of God of Anderson Indiana, the
Church of God of Cleveland Tennessee, the Church of God in Christ, or
some other Church of God?
(IF HOLINESS OR PENTECOSTAL:) What kind of church is that? What is it
called exactly? Is that part of a larger church or denomination? What
is that church called?
ATTENDS/CONSIDERS SELF OTHER:
What is it called exactly? Is that church part of a denomination? Is
that group Christian?
ATTENDS/CONSIDERS SELF JEWISH:
Do you usually attend a synagogue or temple that is Orthodox,
Conservative, Reform or what? / Do you consider yourself Orthodox,
Conservative, Reform or what?
ALL CHRISTIANS:
Which one of these words BEST describes your kind of Christianity:
Fundamentalist, Evangelical, Charismatic or Spirit-Filled, Moderate to
Liberal? Would you call yourself a born-again Christian, that is, have
you personally had a conversion experience related to Jesus Christ?
Valid
0. Mainline Protestant
1. Evangelical Protestant
2. Black Protestant Church
3. Catholic [roman catholic]
4. Jewish
5. Non-traditional orthodox
6. Non-Christian/Non-Jewish
7. Atheist, agnostic, none
Missing
9. DK; NA; refused to answer; no Pre IW; no Post IW; short-from ‘new’ Cross
Section (1992); ‘new’ Cross Section (1994)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0152, respondent race, respondent categorization of type
of Christianity, church attendance, and Christian born-again status.
1994 NOTE:
Applies only to panel cases.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900525,V900546
1992: V923827,V923850
1994: V941102,V941105,V941122
1996: V960577,V960581,V960602



VCF0129 RESPONDENT - RELIGION FULL CODE 1960-1988,2002
Question
1960,1964:
Is your Church (1962: religious) preference Protestant, Catholic or
Jewish? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church is that, Baptist, Methodist or what?
1966-1968:
Are you Protestant, Catholic or Jewish? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church is
that, Baptist, Methodist or what?
1970:
Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, or something
else? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church is that, Baptist, Methodist or what?
1972-1988:
Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, or something
else? (IF PROTESTANT:) What church or denomination is that?
(IF BAPTIST:) Is that Southern Baptist or something else?
2002:
Is your religious preference PROTESTANT, ROMAN CATHOLIC, JEWISH, or
something else? (IF PROTESTANT OR OTHER:) What church or denomination
is that?
Valid
100-800. Religion as coded
Missing
996. Refused
998. DK; none; no preference
999. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘2002 RELIGION NOTE’.
See also VCF0152.
These questions follow up questions in VCF0128.
The addition in 1972 of ‘Is that Southern Baptist or something else?’
significantly changed distributions of Protestant Baptists beginning in
that year.
Beginning in 1990 (except 2002), the full set of religion codes was
expanded considerably, adding codes for different affiliations within
the major mainline Protestant denominations and reworking almost
entirely the Pentecostal, Holiness, fundamentalist, and evangelical
Protestant denominations. VCF0152 gives the ‘new’ set of full
codes.
2002 NOTE:
2000 data were included in the 2002 study religion summary variable by
recoding from the 2000 study variable, which differed somewhat in
coding from that used for 2002 fresh cross-section cases. A
description of the recode from the 2002 summary variable is provided in
the Appendix.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1960: V600252
1964: V640235
1966: V660221
1968: V680213
1970: V700361(type 0)
1972: V720422
1974: V742551
1976: V763510
1978: V780605
1980: V800693
1982: V820734
1984: V840687
1986: V860737
1988: V880527
2002: V023138a



VCF0130 RESPONDENT - CHURCH ATTENDANCE 1970-
Question
1970-1988: (IF ANY RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE) Would you say you/do you go
to (church/synagogue) every week, almost every week, once or twice a
month, a few times a year, or never?
1990 AND LATER: Lots of things come up that keep people from
attending religious services even if they want to. Thinking about
your life these days, do you ever attend religious services, apart
from occasional weddings, baptisms or funerals? (IF YES:) Do you go
to religious services every week, almost every week, once or twice a
month, a few times a year, or never?
Valid
1. Every week (Except 1970: almost every week)
2. Almost every week (no cases in 1970)
3. Once or twice a month
4. A few times a year
5. Never (1990 and later: ‘No’ in filter)
7. No religious preference (1970-1988)
Missing
8. DK how often/DK if attend
9. NA/RF how often/NA/RF if attend
0. Religion (1970-1988); atheists and agnostics are Inap (1972,1986 only);
short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992-1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Beginning in 1990, question flow was reversed so that the religious
attendance question preceded religious affiliation questions, whereas
in previous studies religious attendance followed. Beginning in 1990,
frequency of religious attendance was preceded by a general attendance
filter (yes/no); a ‘no’ response to the filter 1990 and later has been
coded 5 here.
1970 NOTE:
Only codes corresponding to VCF0130 codes 2-5 were used (no code for
‘every week’). ‘Almost every week’ from 1970 has been recoded to 1,
with no 1970 cases appearing in code 2.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For Panel respondents,1992 data have been included.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700362(type 0)
1972: V720423
1974: V742552
1976: V763511
1978: V780606
1980: V800694
1982: V820735
1984: V840688
1986: V860738
1988: V880530
1990: V900526
1992: V923828
1994: V941103
1996: V960578
1998: V980543
2000: V000877,V000879
2002: V023085
2004: V043223,V043224
2008: V083186,V083186a
2012: relig_church,relig_churchoft
2016: V161244,V161245
2020: V201452, V201453
2024: V241439, V241440



VCF0130a RESPONDENT - CHURCH ATTENDANCE 1990-
Question
Lots of things come up that keep people from attending religious
services even if they want to. Thinking about your life these
days, do you ever attend religious services, apart from occasional
weddings, baptisms or funerals? (IF YES: ) Do you go to religious
services every week, almost every week, once or twice a month, a
few times a year, or never?
(IF R SAYS HE/SHE GOES TO RELIGIOUS SERVICES EVERY WEEK:)
Would you say you go to religious services once a week or more often
than once a week?
Valid
0. Every week - more than once a week
1. Every week - once a week or NA if once a week/more than once a week
2. Almost every week
3. Once or twice a month
4. A few times a year
5. Never (‘No’ in filter)
Missing
8. DK how often/DK if attend
9. NA how often/NA if attend; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For 1994 panel respondents, 1992 data have been included.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900526,V900527
1992: V923828,V923829
1994: V941103,V941104
1996: V960578,V960579
1998: V980543,V980544
2000: V000877,V000879,V000880
2002: V023085,V023086
2004: V043223,V043224
2008: V083186,V083186a,V083186b
2012: relig_church,relig_churchoft,relig_churchwk
2016: V161244,V161245,V161245a
2020: V201453, V201454
2024: V241439, V241441



VCF0131 RESPONDENT - CHURCH ATTENDANCE 1952-1968
Question
Would you say you go to church regularly, often, seldom or never?
Valid
1. Regularly
2. Often
4. Seldom
5. Never
7. No religious preference (1960-1968)
Missing
9. NA
0. Religion refused/NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In all Pre-Post studies except 1960, this was a Pre var.
This question was asked only of Rs who gave a religious identification
(see VCF0128).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520159
1956: V560133
1958: V580211
1960: V600253
1962: V620094
1964: V640236
1966: V660222
1968: V680214



VCF0132 RESPONDENT - WHERE GREW UP: STATE 1968-
Question
Where was it that you grew up? (IF UNITED STATES: ) Which state or
states?
Valid
101-997. State/country as coded
Missing
998. DK
999. NA; RF; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘STATE AND COUNTRY CODES’.
See also VCF0133.
If R grew up in more than one state or country, the place(s) where R
lived the longest between the ages of 6 and 18 was coded. If it was
not clear which place(s) R lived longest, the code which best
reflected all mentioned places was used.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
2016 NOTE:
In 2016, coding was not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680257
1970: V700379(type 0)
1972: V720416
1974: V742538
1976: V763499
1978: V780622
1980: V800709
1982: V820751
1984: V840698
1986: V860748
1988: V880546
1990: V900679
1992: V924125
1994: V941421
1996: V960711
2000: V001014
2008: V083264



VCF0133 RESPONDENT - WHERE GREW UP: STATE 1952-1966
Question
What part of the United States did you grow up in?
Valid
101-997. State/country as coded
Missing
998. DK
999. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘STATE AND COUNTRY CODES’.
See also VCF0132.
Note that in studies 1952-1966 coding by ANES of foreign-born Rs was
inconsistent. Some cases were coded MD in these years (recoded to 999
here), while others were assigned a foreign country code.
1958 NOTE:
To reconcile the original 1958 Study data, Rs who did not grow up in
the U.S. (and who were not asked this question) were coded into
generalized foreign codes, e.g., ‘Central America,’ ‘Eastern Europe,’
etc., based upon parents’ foreign origins according to information
obtained in questions about places of mother’s and father’s birth
(VCF0144,VCF0145).
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases: data from these
forms were incorporated.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520144
1956: V560188
1958: V580226
1960: V600182
1964: V640261
1966: V660230



VCF0134 RESPONDENT - WHERE GREW UP: FARM 1952-1994,2000
Question
1952: Were you brought up mostly in the country, in a small town, or
in a large city?
1956-1970: Were you brought up mostly on a farm, in a town, in a small
city, or in a large city?
1972-1976: Were you brought up mostly in the country, in a town, in a
small city, or in a large city?
1978-1982: Looking at this list, please tell me, were you brought up
mostly in the country, in a town, in a small city, or in a large city?
1984-LATER: Looking at this list, please tell me, where were you
mostly brought up?
Valid
1. Farm/country (including ‘in the country, not on a farm’ in 1978-1992)
2. Not farm/country
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Pre IW; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0135-VCF0137.
From 1978 on, this question was administered with a ‘show card’ that
contained categories (corresponding to codes in VCF0137) from which the
respondent could choose. Prior to 1978, the choices available to the
respondent were those present in the question text.
Code 1 includes ‘in the country’ 1952,1972-1976, ‘on a farm’ 1956-1970,
and both ‘farm’ and ‘in the country, not on a farm’ 1978-1992.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520145
1956: V560189
1958: V580228
1960: V600184
1964: V640263
1966: V660232
1968: V680259
1970: V700381(type 0)
1972: V720418
1974: V742540
1976: V763500
1978: V780623
1980: V800710
1982: V820752
1984: V840699
1986: V860749
1988: V880547
1990: V900680
1992: V924129
1994: V941422
2000: V001019



VCF0135 RESPONDENT - WHERE GREW UP: LARGE CITY 1952-1994,2000
Question
Type community where R grew up (2)
Valid
1. In a large city (in 1978-1992 this includes categories 5 and 7 from VCF0137)
2. Not in a large city (in 1978-1992 this includes all categories exc. 5 and 7
from VCF0137)
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Pre IW; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and wording VCF0134.
See also VCF136,VCF0137.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560189
1958: V580228
1960: V600184
1964: V640263
1966: V660232
1968: V680259
1970: V700381(type 0)
1972: V720418
1974: V740254
1976: V763500
1978: V780623
1980: V800710
1982: V820752
1984: V840699
1986: V860749
1988: V880547
1990: V900680
1992: V924129
1994: V941422
2000: V001019



VCF0136 RESPONDENT - WHERE GREW UP: URBANISM 1956-1976
Question
Type community where R grew up (3)
Valid
1. Farm, rural, ‘country’
2. Town, ‘small town’
3. City, not a large city
4. Large city
5. Other; mixture of communities; ‘suburb’
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and wording VCF0134.
See also VCF0135,VCF0137.
In 1956-1964, the named community was coded according to its
approximate population at the time R was growing up. A community may
thus have been coded for the study into a size category different from
the size description chosen by R in his/her answer. ‘City’ categories
by population during these years were (in general): under 10,000;
10,000-50,000; 100,000-250,000; 250,000+. For the codes here, the
250,000+ category was placed into ‘large city’, while lesser-
population cities were included in code 3.
In 1966-1976, R’s own perception of size of community was used.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560189
1958: V580228
1960: V600184
1964: V640263
1966: V660232
1968: V680259
1970: V700381(type 0)
1972: V720418
1974: V742540
1976: V763500



VCF0137 RESPONDENT - WHERE GREW UP: URBANISM 1978-2000
Question
Type community where R grew up (4)
Valid
1. On a farm
2. In the country, not on a farm
3. In a small city or town (under 50,000)
4. In a medium-sized city (50,000-100,000)
5. In a large city (100,000-500,000)
6. In a suburb of a large city
7. In a very large city (over 500,000)
8. In a suburb of a very large city
Missing
9. DK; NA; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and wording VCF0134.
See also VCF0135,VCF0136.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780623
1980: V800710
1982: V820752
1984: V840699
1986: V860749
1988: V880547
1990: V900680
1992: V924129
1994: V941422
2000: V001019



VCF0138 NUMBER OF CHILDREN IN FAMILY
Question
1958: How many children are there under 18 years old in this family?
1960: How many children under 18 years old are there in this family?
1962: How many children under 18 are there in your family?
1964: How many children are there under 18 years old in this family?
1966: How many children are there under 18 years old in this family
(household)?
1968: Are there any children under 18 years old in this family? (How
many?)
Valid
0. None
1. One
2. Two
3. Three or more
Missing
9. NA; no Pre IW; Panel (1992,1996,2002)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Data 1978-2004 are from the household listing. For years 1958-1968
and 2008, these data are from questions in the demographic section
of the interview. It is unknown how 1956 data were obtained.
1970 NOTE:
The respondent was not asked how many children were in the household
if R had no children of his/her own (or MD if had any). 1970 data are
therefore not included.
1994 NOTE:
R was asked if he/she had any children of his/her own; number of
children in the household was not established. 1994 data are therefore
not included.
2000 NOTE:
same as 1994.
2002 NOTE:
same as 1994.
2008 NOTE:
same as 1994.
2012 NOTE:
Same as 1994.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560178
1958: V580177
1960: V600125
1962: V620088
1964: V640189
1966: V660194
1968: V680147
1978: V780039,V780040,V780041,V780042
1980: V800044,V800045,V800046,V800047
1982: V820054,V820055,V820056,V820057
1984: V840071,V840072,V840073,V840074
1986: V860015,V860016,V860017,V860018
1988: V880092,V880093,V880094,V880095
1990: V900030,V900031,V900032,V900033
1992: V923079,V923080,V923081,V923082
1996: V960048,V960049,V960050,V960051
1998: V980041



VCF0138a NUMBER CHILDREN UNDER AGE 6 IN HH
Question
Number of children age 5 or younger old in household
Valid
0. None
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight
Missing
9. NA; Panel (1992,1996,2002)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2002 NOTE:
These data are available only for 2002 fresh cross-section cases.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780039
1980: V800044
1982: V820054
1984: V840071
1986: V860015
1988: V880092
1990: V900030
1992: V923079
1996: V960048
1998: V980037
2002: V021107a,V021107b,V021107c,V021107d,V021107e,V021107f
2004: V041105



VCF0138b NUMBER CHILDREN AGES 6-9 IN HH
Question
Number of children 6-9 years old in household
Valid
0. None
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight
Missing
9. NA; Panel (1992,1996,2002)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2002 NOTE:
These data are available only for 2002 fresh cross-section cases.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780040
1980: V800045
1982: V820055
1984: V840072
1986: V860016
1988: V880093
1990: V900031
1992: V923080
1996: V960049
1998: V980038
2002: V021107a,V021107b,V021107c,V021107d,V021107e,V021107f
2004: V041106



VCF0138c NUMBER CHILDREN AGES 10-13 IN HH
Question
Number of children 10-13 years old in household
Valid
0. None
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight
Missing
9. NA; Panel (1992,1996,2002)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2002 NOTE:
These data are available only for 2002 fresh cross-section cases.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780041
1980: V800046
1982: V820056
1984: V840073
1986: V860017
1988: V880094
1990: V900032
1992: V923081
1996: V960050
1998: V980039
2002: V021107a,V021107b,V021107c,V021107d,V021107e,V021107f
2004: V041107



VCF0138d NUMBER CHILDREN AGES 14-17 IN HH
Question
Number of children 14-17 years old in household
Valid
0. None
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight
Missing
9. NA; Panel (1992,1996,2002)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2002 NOTE:
These data are available only for 2002 fresh cross-section cases.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780042
1980: V800047
1982: V820057
1984: V840074
1986: V860018
1988: V880095
1990: V900033
1992: V923082
1996: V960051
1998: V980040
2002: V021107a,V021107b,V021107c,V021107d,V021107e,V021107f
2004: V041108



VCF0138e AGE YOUNGEST CHILD IN HH
Question
Age of youngest child in family
Valid
1. 1 - 1/2 years or less
2. Over 1 - 1/2 years up to and including 2 -1/2 years
3. Over 2 - 1/2 years up to and including 3 - 1/2 years
4. Over 3 - 1/2 years up to and including 4 - 1/2 years
5. Over 4 - 1/2 years up to and including 5 - 1/2 years
6. Over 5 - 1/2 years up to and including 10 - 1/2 years
7. Over 10 - 1/2 years up to and including 14- 1/2 years
8. Over 14 - 1/2 years up to 18 years
Missing
9. NA; no children; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560179
1958: V580178
1960: V600126
1962: V620089
1964: V640190
1966: V660195
1968: V680149



VCF0139 RESPONDENT - HOW MANY CHILDREN DOES R HAVE
Question
1970,1974,1976,1980: Do you have any children? (IF YES:) How many?
Valid
0. None
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight or more
Missing
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Ages of children not limited to those under 18 years old.
1970 NOTE:
Single Rs were not asked this question and are represented in code 0.
1992 NOTE:
Study data represented only number of children under the age of 18
and are not represented here.
1994:
Questions were not comparable.
1998 NOTE:
same as 1992
2000 NOTE:
same as 1994
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700265(type 0)
1974: V742409
1976: V763372
1980: V800411



VCF0140 RESPONDENT - EDUCATION 6-CATEGORY
Question
1952-1972: How many grades of school did you finish?
1974 AND LATER: What is highest grade of school or year of college
you have completed? Did you get a high school diploma or pass a high
school equivalency test?
1974,1976: Do you have a college degree? (IF YES:) What degree is that?
1978-1984: Do you have a college degree? (IF YES:) What is the highest
degree that you have earned?
1986 AND LATER: What is the highest degree that you have earned?
Valid
1. 8 grades or less (‘grade school’)
2. 9-12 grades (‘high school’), no diploma/equivalency; less than high school credential (2020)
3. 12 grades, diploma or equivalency
4. 12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training
5. Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)
6. BA level degrees; advanced degrees incl. LLB
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; RF; no Pre IW; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0110.
During 1986-2008, the equivalent to code 4 was not used.
Code 6 includes 1 cases in 1968, 2 cases in 1976 and 4 cases in 1974
which were designated by respondents as ‘honorary degrees.’
1952 NOTE:
The category recoded to code 6 only mentioned ‘has a degree’ or
‘completed college,’ without specifying Bachelor’s degree or 4-year
college. Another code present specified ‘some college’ and has been
recoded to 5.
1956 NOTE:
same as 1952
1958 NOTE:
same as 1952
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases: data from these
forms were incorporated.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
2002 NOTE:
For panel cases, 2000 data were incorporated.
2004 NOTE:
Code 1 includes 1 case with number of grades NA without high school
diploma or equivalency.
2016 NOTE:
Code 4 in 2016 is from category ‘Associates Degres - Occupational/
Vocational.’
2020: For the 2020 Time Series, all responses that were less than a high school credential were recoded into a single code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520131
1956: V560181
1958: V580180
1960: V600128
1962: V620078
1964: V640196
1966: V660197
1968: V680156
1970: V700269(type 0)
1972: V720300
1974: V742423
1976: V763389
1978: V780513
1980: V800436
1982: V820542
1984: V840438
1986: V860602
1988: V880422
1990: V900557
1992: V923908
1994: V941209
1996: V960610
1998: V980577
2000: V000913
2002: V023131
2004: V043254
2008: V083218x
2012: dem_edu
2016: V161270
2020: V201510
2024: V241465x, V241463



VCF0140a RESPONDENT - EDUCATION 7-CATEGORY
Question
1952-1972: How many grades of school did you finish?
1974 AND LATER: What is highest grade of school or year of college
you have completed? Did you get a high school diploma or pass a high
school equivalency test?
1974,1976: Do you have a college degree? (IF YES:) What degree is that?
1978-1984: Do you have a college degree? (IF YES:) What is the highest
degree that you have earned?
1986 AND LATER: What is the highest degree that you have earned?
Valid
1. 8 grades or less (‘grade school’)
2. 9-12 grades (‘high school’), no diploma/equivalency; less than high school credential (2020)
3. 12 grades, diploma or equivalency
4. 12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training
5. Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)
6. BA level degrees
7. Advanced degrees incl. LLB
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; RF; no Pre IW; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0140.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520131
1956: V560181
1958: V580180
1960: V600128
1962: V620078
1964: V640196
1966: V660197
1968: V680156
1970: V700269(type 0)
1972: V720300
1974: V742423
1976: V763389
1978: V780513
1980: V800436
1982: V820542
1984: V840438
1986: V860602
1988: V880422
1990: V900557
1992: V923908
1994: V941209
1996: V960610
1998: V980577
2000: V000913
2002: V023131
2004: V043254
2008: V083218x
2012: dem_edu
2016: V161270
2020: V201510
2024: V241465x, V241464



VCF0141 HEAD OF HH - EDUCATION 6-CATEGORY 1962-1986
Question
1952-1972: How many grades of school did (head) finish?
1974 AND LATER: What is highest grade of school or year of college
(head) has completed? Did (head) get a high school diploma or pass a
high school equivalency test?
1974,1976: Does (head) have a college degree? (IF YES:) What degree is
that? 1978-1984: Does (head) have a college degree? (IF YES:) What is
the highest degree that (head) has earned?
1986 AND LATER: What is the highest degree that (head) has earned?
Valid
1. 8 grades or less (‘grade school’)
2. 9-12 grades (‘high school’), no diploma/equivalency
3. 12 grades, diploma or equivalency
4. 12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training
5. Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)
6. BA level degrees; advanced degrees incl. LLB
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; head of family not determined (1986)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0140.
After 1986, the concept of ‘Head of Household’ was discontinued.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1962: V620076
1964: V640197
1968: V680157
1970: V700271(type 0)
1972: V720302
1974: V742432
1976: V763398
1978: V780522
1980: V800445
1982: V820549
1984: V840447
1986: V860607



VCF0142 RESPONDENT - PLACE OF BIRTH
Question
Where were you born? (IF UNITED STATES: ) Which state?
Valid
101-997. State/Country as coded
Missing
998. DK
999. NA; no Pre IW; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘STATE AND COUNTRY CODES’
1960 NOTE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases: data from these
forms were incorporated.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520143
1956: V560182
1958: V580220
1960: V600175
1964: V640252
1966: V660223
1968: V680243
1970: V700363(type 0)
1972: V720407
1974: V742537
1976: V763498
1978: V780621
1980: V800708
1982: V820750
1984: V840697
1986: V860747
1988: V880545
1990: V900678
1992: V924124
1994: V941420



VCF0143 RESPONDENT PARENTS - NATIVE BORN
Question
Were both your parents born in this country?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; RF; no Pre IW; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1960,1964,1966,1968,1970, this question was not asked of black
Rs or foreign-born Rs.
1960 N0TE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases: data from these
forms were incorporated.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520146
1960: V600176
1964: V640253
1966: V660224
1968: V680244
1970: V700364(type 0)
1972: V720408
1974: V742529
1976: V763490
1978: V780612
1980: V800699
1982: V820741
1984: V840693
1986: V860743
1988: V880538
1990: V900674
1992: V924120
1994: V941416
1996: V960707
2000: V001007
2004: V043300
2008: V083257
2012: dem_parents
2016: V161315
2020: V201553
2024: V241506



VCF0144 RESPONDENT FATHER - WHERE BORN
Question
(IF BOTH PARENTS NOT BORN IN THE U.S.: ) What country was your father
born in?
Valid
199. U.S.
182,183,186,201-997. Country as coded
Missing
998. DK
999. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘STATE AND COUNTRY CODES’.
All codes within United States have been recoded to 199.
This question was a follow-up to VCF0143. If R responded ‘yes’ to
VCF0143, then VCF0144 and VCF0145 have been coded 199.
Black Rs were not asked this question in 1960, 1964, 1966, 1968 or
1970 and for these years have been recoded to code 199, United States.
Parents of foreign-born Rs were also present in missing data during
these years in the study datasets, but for this variable parental
birthplaces have been imputed from R’s own birth-place, as a
generalized category e.g., ‘British Isles’ if R were born in England).
1960 N0TE:
Personal data forms were completed for no-pre cases: data from these
forms were incorporated.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520151
1960: V600177
1964: V640254
1966: V660225
1968: V680245
1970: V700365(type 0)
1972: V720409
1974: V742530
1976: V763491
1978: V780613
1980: V800700
1982: V820742



VCF0145 RESPONDENT MOTHER - WHERE BORN
Question
(IF BOTH PARENTS NOT BORN IN THE U.S.: ) What country was your mother
born in?
Valid
199. U.S.
182,183,186,201-997. Country as coded
Missing
998. DK
999. NA; no Pre I
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0144.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520152
1960: V600178
1964: V640255
1966: V660226
1968: V680246
1970: V700366(type 0)
1972: V720410
1974: V742531
1976: V763492
1978: V780614
1980: V800701
1982: V820743



VCF0146 RESPONDENT FAMILY - HOME OWNERSHIP
Question
(Do you/ Does your family) own your own home, pay rent or what?
Valid
1. Yes, own
2. No, not owned
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; RF; no Pre IW; short form (1992)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520156
1964: V640271
1968: V680262
1970: V700389(type 0)
1972: V720421
1974: V742550
1976: V763509
1978: V780629
1980: V800719
1982: V820761
1984: V840706
1986: V860754
1988: V880552
1990: V900685
1992: V924135
1994: V941427
1996: V960714
1998: V980663
2000: V001022
2002: V023141
2004: V043312
2008: V083281
2016: V161334
2020: V201581
2024: V241531



VCF0147 RESPONDENT - MARITAL STATUS
Question
1952: Are you married?
1986: Are you married now and living with your husband/wife– or
are you widowed, divorced, separated, or have you never married?
Are you now Alving with someone as 8 couple, though not married?
1956-2004: Are you married now and living with your husband/
wife (2002: spouse)– or are you widowed, divorced, separated, or
have you never married?
2008: Are you married now and living with your husband/wife– or
are you widowed, divorced, separated, or have you never married? /
Are you married, divorced, separated, widowed, or have you never
been married?
2012,1216: Are you now married, widowed, divorced, separated or never
married? Are you currently living with a partner, or not?
Valid
1. Married
2. Never married
3. Divorced
4. Separated
5. Widowed
7. Partners; not married (VOLUNTEERED pre-1986 and 1988-later)
Missing
8. R not married/partnered, refused to say whether never married, divorced,
separated or widowed (1992 only); DK
9. NA; no Pre IW; unmarried at time of IW (1952 only); short-form ‘new’
Cross-Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Common law partners first appeared as a volunteered code in 1964.
Interviewer instruction 1990 and later: ‘If spouse is in a nursing
home or works in another city, or the family is in the process of
moving and is temporarily holding 2 residences, code 1 is used.’
1952 NOTE:
Rs who were not married have been recoded to NA because their specific
status as divorced, widowed, never married etc. was not determined. Rs
married at the time of the 1952 interview have all been coded 1 in
VCF0147, with no 1952 cases appearing in codes 2-7.
1960 NOTE:
1960 pre variable was used except for 22 no-pre cases, for which post
marital status was used.
1986 NOTE:
Unmarried Rs were also asked if they were living with a partner.
1992 NOTE:
This question was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-
form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated, except in
cases where additional information current to 1992 [as determined by the
interviewer] contradicted the marital status of 1990. In the latter
instances, the 1992 marital status variable was coded to reflect the
most complete and up-to-date information known by the interviewer.
2002 NOTE:
For panel cases, 2000 data were included.
2008 NOTE:
This question was asked in 2 versions; data are combined in this
variable.
2012 NOTE:
Unmarried Rs were asked if they were living with a partner. If R
refused to indicate whether living with a partner, status according
to lead question (codes 1-5) has been coded.
2016 NOTE:
same as 2012
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520114
1956: V560177
1958: V580176
1960: V600124
1962: V620791
1964: V640188
1966: V660193
1968: V680146
1970: V700263(type 0)
1972: V720295
1974: V742407
1976: V763370
1978: V780505
1980: V800409
1982: V820536
1984: V840430
1986: V860598
1988: V880418
1990: V900553
1992: V923904
1994: V941204
1996: V960606
1998: V980573
2000: V000909
2002: V023127,V023127a
2004: V043251
2008: V083216a,V083216b
2012: dem_marital,dem_partner
2016: V161268,V161269
2020: V201508, V201509
2024: V241459



VCF0148 RESPONDENT - SOCIAL CLASS 8-CATEGORY
Question
There’s been some talk these days about different social classes.
Most people say they belong either to the middle class or the working
class.
Do you ever think of yourself as belonging in one of these classes?
Which one? /
(IF NO OR DK: ) Well, if you had to make a choice, would you call yourself
middle class or working class?
(IF MIDDLE OR WORKING CLASS:) Would you say that you are about average
middle/working class or that you are in the upper part of the middle/
working class?
Valid
0. Lower class (VOLUNTEERED)
1. Average working
2. Working–NA average or upper working
3. Upper working
4. Average middle
5. Middle class–NA average or upper middle
6. Upper middle
7. Upper class (VOLUNTEERED)
Missing
9. DK; NA; other (incl. ‘refused to accept idea of class’)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Respondents who answered No or DK to the initial question (think of self
as belonging to either middle or working class) were administered
the followup that asked the respondent, if R ‘had to make a choice,’
to choose between middle or working. In some years, respondents who
refused or did not answer the initial question were also asked the choice
question (2012,2008,2004,2000,1990 and 1 post Web respondent in 2016).
In 2000 only, respondents who answered Yes to the initial question but
who gave an Other response to the followup ‘Which one?’ were asked the
choice question.
Respondents who volunteered upper or lower class in response to any of
the questions have been coded as such here (0 or 7).
1992 NOTE:
This set of questions was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire;
for short-form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated
in the 1992 summary var.
2000 NOTE:
The 2000 summary variable used here appropriately coded into its
categories the open-end Other Specify responses corresponding to lower,
working, middle or upper class. The 2000 summary variable categories are
the same as in VCF0148.
2016 NOTE:
In 2016, a half sample of respondents were asked this 4-question version for social class in the pre-election wave and the remaining half sample
were asked in the post.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560224
1958: V580219
1966: V660219
1968: V680209
1970: V700356(type 0)
1972: V720400
1974: V742525
1976: V763486
1978: V780603
1980: V800691
1982: V820732
1984: V840685
1988: V880525
1990: V900668
1992: V924114
1994: V941409
2000: V001005
2004: V043298
2008: V083250,V083250a,V083250b,V083250c
2012: dem_class,dem_whichclass,dem_chclass,dem_avgclass
2016: V161304,V161305a,V161305b,V161306,V162128,V162129,V162130,V162131



VCF0148a RESPONDENT - AVERAGE OR UPPER MIDDLE/WORKING CLASS
Question
There’s been some talk these days about different social classes.
Most people say they belong either to the middle class or the working
class.
Do you ever think of yourself as belonging in one of these classes?
Which one? /
Well, if you had to make a choice, would you call yourself
middle class or working class?
(IF MIDDLE OR WORKING CLASS: ) Would you say that you are about average
middle/working class or that you are in the upper part of the middle/
working class?
Valid
1. Average working
2. Working–NA average or upper working
3. Upper working
4. Average middle
5. Middle class–NA average or upper middle
6. Upper middle
Missing
9. DK; NA; other (incl. ‘refused to accept idea of class’)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Respondents who volunteered upper or lower class in response to any of
the questions (0 or 7 in VCF0148a) have been coded 9.
1960 NOTE:
Because the final question (average or upper) was not asked, data from
VCF0149 have been incorporated in the following manner: if VCF0149 is
coded 1 or 2, this variable is coded 5; if VCF0149 is coded 3 or 4, this
variable is coded 2.
1964 NOTE:
same as 1960.
1986 NOTE:
same as 1960.
2000 NOTE:
The 2000 summary variable used here appropriately coded into its
categories the open-end Other Specify responses corresponding to lower,
working, middle or upper class. The 2000 summary variable categories are
the same as in VCF0148.
2016 NOTE:
In 2016, a half sample of respondents were asked this 4-question version for social class in the pre-election wave and the remaining half sample
were asked in the post.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560224
1958: V580219
1960: V600155
1964: V640231
1966: V660219
1968: V680209
1970: V700356(type 0)
1972: V720400
1974: V742525
1976: V763486
1978: V780603
1980: V800691
1982: V820732
1984: V840685
1986: V860736
1988: V880525
1990: V900668
1992: V924114
1994: V941409
2000: V001005
2004: V043298
2008: V083250,V083250a,V083250b,V083250c
2012: dem_class,dem_whichclass,dem_chclass,dem_avgclass
2016: V161304,V161305a,V161305b,V161306,V162128,V162129,V162130,V162131



VCF0149 RESPONDENT - THINK OF SELF AS MEMBER OF SOCIAL CLASS
Question
There’s been some talk these days about different social classes.
Most people say they belong either to the middle class or the working
class.
Do you ever think of yourself as belonging in one of these classes?
Which one? /
Well, if you had to make a choice, would you call yourself
middle class or working class?
Valid
1. Yes, think of self as member of class and that class is middle class
2. No, don’t think of self as member of class, but if had to choose middle or
working, would choose middle
3. Yes, think of self as member of class and that class is working class
4. No, don’t think of self as member of class, but if had to choose middle or
working, would choose working
5. Refuses to accept idea of class (except 1964, 1966, 1968)
6. Other (in 1964,1966, 1968 also includes ‘refuses to accept idea of class.’)
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Pre IW; short form (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1958 NOTE:
If R did not know whether R thought of self as a member of the working
or middle class, then R was not probed with ‘If you had to make a
choice…’; only Rs who answered ‘no’ were probed (in all other years,
Rs answering DK to the lead-in were also probed with the If you had to
make a choice…’ question).
2016 NOTE:
In 2016, a half sample of respondents were asked these questions in
the pre-election wave and the remaining half sample were asked in
the post.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560224
1958: V580219
1960: V600155
1964: V640231
1966: V660219
1968: V680209
1970: V700356(type 0)
1972: V720402
1974: V742523
1976: V763484
1978: V780601
1980: V800689
1982: V820730
1984: V840683
1986: V860736
1988: V880525
1990: V900665,V900666
1992: V924111,V924112
1994: V941406,V941407
2000: V000999,V001000
2004: V043295,V043296,V043297
2008: V083250,V083250a,V083250b,V083250c
2012: dem_class,dem_whichclass,dem_chclass
2016: V161304,V161305a,V161305b,V161306,V162128,V162129,V162130,V162131



VCF0150 RESPONDENT - WORK STATUS 16-CATEGORY
Question
We’d like to know if you are working now, temporarily laid off, or are
you unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a
student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER: ) Are you doing any work for
pay at the present time? (RETIRED 1980,1982, 1988 AND LATER:) Are you
doing any work for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982,1988 AND
LATER:) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR
HOMEMAKER:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average
week? (RETIRED AND ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week do
you work 20 or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R
ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1982,1988 AND LATER:) About how many hours do
you work on your job in the average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED AND R
VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY 1984,1986:) About how many hours do you work
on your job in the average week?
Valid
10. Working now
15. Working now and retired–20 or more hrs/wk
16. Working now and permanently disabled–20 or more hrs/wk
17. Working now and homemaker–20 or more hrs/wk
18. Working now and student–20 or more hrs/wk
20. Temporarily laid off
40. Unemployed
50. Retired, no current occupation
51. Retired and working now–less than 20 hrs/wk
60. Permanently disabled, no current occupation
61. Permanently disabled and working–less than 20 hrs/wk
70. Homemaker, no other occupation
71. Homemaker and working now–less than 20 hrs/wk
75. Homemaker and student, no other occupation
80. Student, no current occupation
81. Student and working now–less than 20 hrs/wk
Missing
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0116,VCF0118.
In 1980, those who were ‘permanently disabled’ when the occupation
questions began but who subsequently replied that they were also
currently working were not administered the ‘permanently disabled’
series (past employment, if any) but instead were administered the
‘working now’ set of questions (present employment), regardless of
number of hours working [code 10]. Code 60 only represents nonworking
disabled (during all years since 1980).
2002 NOTE:
Number of hours working was not determined; no 2002 data.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800515
1982: V820610
1984: V840457
1986: V860615
1988: V880429
1990: V900565
1992: V923915
1994: V941216
1996: V960615
1998: V980579
2000: V000919
2004: V043260a
2008: V083222x
2012: dem_empstatus_2digitfin_x
2016: V161275x



VCF0151 RESPONDENT - OCCUPATION GROUP 5-CATEGORY
Question
1952-1964:
What is your occupation. I mean, what kind of work do you do? (IF NOT
CLEAR OR OBVIOUS [1958,1960,1964 only]:) What exactly do you do on your
job? (IF NOT ASCERTAINED:) What kind of business is that? (IF R IS
UNEMPLOYED:) What kind of work do you usually do? (IF R IS RETIRED:)
What kind of work did you do before you retired?
1968-1970:
(IF EMPLOYED OR ON STRIKE:) What kind of work do you do? [What exactly
do you do on your job?] (IF UNEMPLOYED OR RETIRED:) What kind of work
did you do when you were employed? [What exactly did you do on your job?]
1972-1982:
(IF R IS WORKING NOW OR IS TEMPORARILY LAID OFF:) What is your main
occupation [What sort of work do you do? Tell me a little more about
what you do.] (IF R IS UNEMPLOYED:) What kind of work did you do on
your last regular job [What was your occupation?] (IF R IS RETIRED OR
DISABLED:) What kind of work did you do when you worked [What was your
main occupation?]
1984 AND LATER:
(IF R IS WORKING NOW OR IS TEMPORARILY LAID OFF:) What is your main
occupation [What sort of work do you do?] What are your most important
activities or duties? (IF R IS RETIRED/UNEMPLOYED /DISABLED:) What kind
of work did you do on your last regular job [What was your occupation?]
What were your most important activities or duties?
Valid
1. Professional and managerial
2. Clerical and sales workers
3. Skilled, semi-skilled and service workers
4. Laborers, except farm
5. Farmers, farm managers, farm laborers and foremen; forestry and fishermen
6. Homemakers (1980-later: no other occupation (any number of hours) and have
not worked in past 6/12 mos.; 1972-1978: not working at least 20 hrs/wk.;
1956-1970: no other occupation, full or part time; 1952: no other full-time
occupation)
Missing
0. NA; member of armed forces; no occupation and not a homemaker; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0115.
2008-LATER NOTE:
Revised master codes are not comparable to preceding years for
collapse into these categories.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520132,V520134
1956: V560120,V560123
1958: V580181,V580184
1960: V600129,V600132
1964: V640202,V640205
1968: V680161,V680176
1970: V700275,V700276,V700288(type 0)
1972: V720306,V720309,V720321
1974: V742443,V742446,V742458
1976: V763409,V763412,V763424
1978: V780531,V780534,V780546
1980: V800454,V800455,V800471,880486,V800503
1982: V820556,V820557,V820572,V820585,V820599
1984: V840456,V840504,V840516,V840585
1986: V860614,V860655,V860664
1988: V880428,V880458,V880466
1990: V900565,V900595,V900603
1992: V923914,V923922,V923955
1994: V941215,V941223,V941256
1996: V960676,V960615,V960653,V960665
1998: V980619,V980628,V980639
2000: V000919,V000980
2004: V043260a,V043262p,V043268f



VCF0152 RESPONDENT - RELIGION FULL CODE 1990-
Question
(IF R ATTENDS RELIGIOUS SERVICES: ) Do you mostly attend a place of
worship that is Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, or what?
IF R DOESN’T ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) Regardless of whether you
now attend any religious services do you ever think of yourself as
part of a particular church or denomination? (IF YES:) Do you
consider yourself Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, or what?
PROTESTANTS:
(IF BAPTIST:) With which Baptist group is your church associated? Is
it the Southern Baptist Convention, the American Baptist Churches in
the USA, the American Baptist Association, [1992-LATER: the National
Baptist Convention U.S.A.,]an independent Baptist church or some other
Baptist group? (IF INDEPENDENT BAPTIST:) Are you affiliated with any
larger Baptist group or is this strictly a local church?
(IF LUTHERAN:) Is this church part of the Evangelical Lutheran Church
in America, the Missouri Synod, or some other Lutheran group?
(IF METHODIST:) Is your church part of the United Methodist Church,
African Methodist Episcopal, or some other Methodist group?
(IF PRESBYTERIAN:) Is this the Presbyterian Church in the USA or some
other Presbyterian group?
(IF REFORMED:) Is this the Christian Reformed Church, the Reformed
Church in America, or some other Reformed group?
(IF BRETHREN:) Is this the Church of the Brethren, the Plymouth
Brethren, or what?
(IF CHRISTIAN OR JUST CHRISTIAN:) When you say ‘Christian’ does that
mean the denomination called the ‘Christian Church (Disciples of
Christ),’ or some other Christian denomination, or do you mean to say
‘I am just a Christian?’
(IF CHURCH OR CHURCHES OF CHRIST:) Is this the Church of Christ or
United Church of Christ?
(IF CHURCH OF GOD:) Is this the Church of God of Anderson Indiana, the
Church of God of Cleveland Tennessee, the Church of God in Christ, or
some other Church of God?
(IF HOLINESS OR PENTECOSTAL:) What kind of church is that? What is it
called exactly? Is that part of a larger church or denomination? What
is that church called?
(IF OTHER:) What is it called exactly? Is that church part of a
denomination? Is that group Christian?
(IF JEWISH:) (IF R ATTENDS JEWISH RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) Do you usually
attend a synagogue or temple that is Orthodox, Conservative, Reform
or what? (IF R DOES NOT ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES BUT CONSIDERS SELF
JEWISH:) Do you consider yourself Orthodox, Conservative, Reform or
what?
Valid
10-790. Religion as coded
800. Agnostics
801. Atheists
997. Other
Missing
998. None; no preference; don’t know preference; didn’t specify preference (2020); DK; RF
999. NA; short-form ‘new’ Cross Section (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘RELIGION 1990 AND LATER (EXC.2002)’
Questions about religious affiliation were preceded by the filter
question, ‘Lots of things come up that keep people from attending
Religious services even if they want to. Thinking about your life
these days, do you ever attend religious services, apart from
occasional weddings, baptisms or funerals?’ Respondents who do
not think of themselves as affiliated with any church or denomination
are not asked these questions.
1992 NOTE 1:
This set of questions was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire;
for short-form panel cases 1990 study data were incorporated.
1992 NOTE 2:
Codes 127 and 133 were combined into code 127 [no 1992 code 133]; code
102 was moved to become code 306 [no 1992 code 102]; and codes 267 and
261 were added (new).
1994 NOTE 1:
For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated.
1994 NOTE 2:
The following codes were added: 111,186,234,262.
1996 NOTE:
Code 240 was added.
1998 NOTE:
Codes 263,264,524,725,726,727 were added.
2000 NOTE:
Codes 750,795 were added.
2002 NOTE:
Religion questions were not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900546
1992: V923850
1994: V941122
1996: V960602
1998: V980569
2000: V000904
2004: V043248
2008: V083185x
2012: relig_mastersummary
2016: V161264x
2020: V201457x
2024: V241444x



VCF0153a MOTHER OF RESPONDENT - OCCUPATION 8-CATEGORY 1970-1976
Question
1972-1976: Other than being a housewife, did your mother (or
mother substitute) have a job while you were growing up?
1970-1976: IF YES:) What kind of work did she do?
Valid
1. Professional, technical and kindred workers
2. Managers, officials and proprietors exc. farm
3. Clerical and kindred workers, sales workers
4. Craftsmen, foremen and kindred workers and (authoritative) protective service
workers
5. Operative and kindred workers
6. Service workers, including private household workers and (exec. authoritative)
protective service workers
7. Laborers, except farm
8. Farm laborers and foremen; farmers; owners, managers, tenant farmers and
sharecroppers
Missing
9. Occupation not reported (NA); members of armed forces; not in labor
force; NA if mother had occupation
0. Mother wasn’t living; not raised by mother; no parallel information
for parental surrogate
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700374(type 0)
1972: V720414,V720415
1974: V742535,V742536
1976: V763496,V763497



VCF0153b MOTHER OF RESPONDENT - OCCUPATION GROUP 1978-1982
Question
Other than being a housewife, did your mother (or mother
substitute) have a job while you were growing up?
(IF YES: ) What kind of work did she do?
Valid
01. Professional, technical and kindred workers
02. Managers and administrators, except farm
03. Sales workers
04. Clerical and kindred workers
05. Craftsmen and kindred workers
06. Operatives, except transport
07. Transport equipment operatives
08. Laborers, except farm
09. Farmers (owners and tenants), farm managers, farmer – NA type
10. Farm foreman, farm laborer (wage-worker)
11. Service workers, except private household and government protective services
12. Government protective services: firemen; police; marshals and constables
13. Private household workers
14. Member of armed forces
15. Not in labor force
Missing
98. DK
99. NA
00. Mother wasn’t living; not raised by mother; no parallel information
for parental surrogate
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780619,V780620
1980: V800706,V800707
1982: V820748,V820749



VCF0153c MOTHER OF RESPONDENT - OCCUPATION GROUP 1984-1988
Question
Other than being a housewife, did your mother (or mother
substitute) have a job while you were growing up?
(IF YES: ) What kind of work did she do while you were growing up?
(What was her main occupation?)
(1986,1988,1992: What were her most important activities or duties?
What kind of (business/industry was that?)
Valid
01. Executive, administrative and managerial
02. Professional speciality occupations
03. Technicians and related support occupations
04. Sales occupation
05. Administrative support, including clerical
06. Private household
07. Protective service
08. Service exc. protective and household
09. Farming, forestry and fishing occupations
10. Precision production, craft and repair occupations
11. Machine operators, assemblers and inspectors
12. Transportation and material moving occupations
13. Handler, equipment cleaners, helpers and laborers
14. Member of armed forces
15. Not in labor force
Missing
98. DK
99. NA
00. Mother wasn’t living; not raised by mother; no parallel information
for parental surrogate; short form or Spanish language questionnaire
(1992)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840695,V840696
1986: V860745,V860746
1988: V880543,V880544
1992: V924127,V924128



VCF0154a RESPONDENT - OCCUPATION 71-CATEGORY
Question
What is/was your main occupation? (What sort of work do/did
you do?) (1984-1986: IF NOT CLEAR: tell me a little more about
what you do/did.) (1986 AND LATER: What are/were your most important
activities or duties?)
Missing
00. DK; NA; honworking homemaker/student; R has never worked for pay
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘CENSUS OCCUPATION 71 CATEGORIES’.
This variable combines employment data for all Rs except nonworking
homemakers and students (i.e., their data for employment in the past 6
months are omitted). The disabled and homemakers or students who are
also currently working have their current occupation coded here.
Retirees who are also currently working have past occupation coded
rather than current occupation. If R is disabled and not working but
has worked in the past, or if R is unemployed, then past employment is
represented here.
The original 3-digit U.S. Census Occupation variable has been recoded
into 71 subgroups, in order to protect Respondents’ anonymity.
2008-LATER NOTE:
Revised master codes are not comparable to preceding years.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840515
1986: V860663
1988: V880465
1990: V900602
1992: V923954
1994: V941255
1996: V960675
1998: V980638
2000: V000979
2004: V043262n



VCF0154b RESPONDENT - OCCUPATION 14-CATEGORY
Question
What is/was your main occupation? (What sort of work do/did you do?)
(1984-1986: IF NOT CLEAR: tell me a little more about what you do/did.)
(1986 AND LATER: What are/were your most important activities or duties?)
Valid
1. Executive, administrative and managerial
2. Professional specialty occupations
3. Technicians and related support occupations
4. Sales occupation
5. Administrative support, including clerical
6. Private household
7. Protective service
8. Service except protective and household
9. Farming, forestry and fishing occupations
10. Precision production, craft and repair occupations
11. Machine operators, assemblers and inspectors
12. Transportation and material moving occupations
13. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers and laborers
14. Member of armed forces
Missing
00. DK; NA; honworking homemaker/student; R has never worked for pay
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable combines employment data for all Rs except nonworking
homemakers and students (i.e., their data for employment in the past 6
months are omitted). The disabled and homemakers or students who are
also currently working have their current occupation coded here.
Retirees who are also currently working have past occupation coded
rather than current occupation. If R is disabled and not working but
has worked in the past, or if R is unemployed, then past employment is
represented here.
2008-LATER NOTE:
Revised master codes are not comparable to preceding years.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840516
1986: V860664
1988: V880466
1990: V900603
1992: V923955
1994: V941256
1996: V960676
1998: V980639
2000: V000980
2004: V043262p



VCF0155 RESPONDENT - WORRIED ABOUT FIND/LOSING JOB
Question
How worried are you about losing your job/finding a job in the near
future: a lot, somewhat, or not much at all?
Valid
1. A lot
3. Somewhat
5. Not much at all
Missing
8. DK; refused
9. NA
0. R is nonworking homemaker or student; R is unemployed/disabled and
has never worked for pay, or R is working and retired (1984-1986); R is
unemployed/ disabled and has never worked for pay, or R is working and
retired/disabled (1988-1994); R is unemployed/disabled and has never
worked for pay (1996-1998)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Note that homemakers or students without current outside employment
were not asked this question. Other respondents excluded from question
administration has varied slightly.
1992 NOTE:
A large number of NA cases appear in the data without documentation for
reason.
2000 NOTE:
If Rs were unemployed, nonworking retired or nonworking disabled, they
were not asked this question unless they said they were looking for
work. 2000 data are not included.
2012-LATER NOTE:
Code categories changed in 2012 and are not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840525
1986: V860671
1988: V880471
1990: V900608
1992: V923960
1994: V941262
1996: V960682
1998: V980645
2004: V043262j
2008: V083244k,V083233b,V083240



VCF0156 RESPONDENT - WORKING R LAID OFF LAST 6 MONTHS
Question
Were you out of work or laid off at any time during the last six
months?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. RF, NA
0. R is not currently working
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Respondents without current employment (including Rs temporarily
laid off) were not asked this question.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840474
1986: V860632
1988: V880444
1990: V900581
1992: V923931
1994: V941232
1996: V960673
1998: V980636
2000: V000977
2004: V043285
2008: V083241
2012: dem_offwork
2016: V161298
2020: V201539
2024: V241491



VCF0157 RESPONDENT - WORKING R HOURS REDUCED/CUT IN PAY
Question
During the last six months, have you had a reduction in your
work hours or had to take a cut in pay at any time for reasons
other than illness or personal choice?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
0. R is not currently working
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Respondents without current employment (including Rs temporarily
laid off) were not asked this question.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840475
1986: V860633
1988: V880445
1990: V900582
1992: V923932
1994: V941233
1996: V960674
1998: V980637
2000: V000978
2004: V043286
2008: V083242
2012: dem_hrsreduce
2016: V161299



VCF0170a COUNTY OF IW 1956-1960
Question
County code 1956-1960
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘COUNTY CODE’ (part I).
Coded 0011-1071 and:
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560003
1958: V580004
1960: V600004



VCF0170b COUNTY OF IW 1964-1976
Question
Sampling PSU-county code 1964-1976
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘COUNTY CODE’ (part II).
Coded 001-993 and:
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640004
1966: V660003
1968: V680017
1970: V700021(type 0)
1972: V720008
1974: V742009
1976: V763009



VCF0170c COUNTY OF IW 1968-1982
Question
ICPSR county code 1968-1982
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘COUNTY CODE’(part III).
Coded 01001-73037 and:
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680016
1970: V700020(type 0)
1972: V720007
1974: V742008
1976: V763008
1978: V780013
1980: V800010
1982: V820017



VCF0170d COUNTY OF IW 1970,1978-1998
Question
FIPS state-county code 1970,1978-1998
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘COUNTY CODE’ (part IV).
County code information restricted beginning 2000.
The 1st 2 digits of code correspond to FIPS state code.
Coded 01033-56013 and:
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640242
1966: V660124
1968: V680230
1970: V700248(type 0)
1972: V720719
1974: V742364
1976: V763833
1978: V780016
1980: V800871
1982: V820146
1984: V840012
1986: V860026
1988: V880011
1990: V900011
1992: V923061
1994: V940021
1996: V960110
1998: V980093



Question

GROUP THERMOMETER INTRO

1964-1968:
There are many groups in America that try to get the government or the
American people to see things more their way. We would like to get
your feelings towards some of these groups. I have here a card on
which there is something that looks like a thermometer. We call it a
‘feeling thermometer’ because it measures your feelings towards
groups. Here’s how it works. If you don’t know too much about a group
or don’t feel particularly warm or cold toward them, then you should
place them in the middle, at the 50 degree mark. If you have a warm
feeling toward a group or feel favorably toward it, you would give it
a score somewhere between 50 degrees and 100 degrees, depending on how
warm your feeling is toward the group. On the other hand, if you
don’t feel very favorably toward some of these groups–if there are
some you don’t care for too much–then you would place them somewhere
between 0 degrees and 50 degrees.
1970-1974:
(1970: As you know, there are many groups and persons in America that
try to get the government or the American people to see things more
their way. Please use the thermometer again–this time to indicate
your feelings toward these groups or persons.) (1972,1974: We’d also
like to get your feelings about some groups in American society, using
the feeling thermometer just as we did for the [1972: candidates;
1974: leaders]. If we come to a group you don’t know much about, just
tell me and we’ll move on to the next one.)
1976:
We’d also like to get your feelings about some groups in American
society. When I read the name of a group, we’d like you to rate it with
what we call a feeling thermometer. Ratings between 50 degrees-100
degrees mean that you feel favorably and warm toward the group; ratings
between 0 and 50 degrees mean that you don’t feel favorably towards the
group and that you don’t care too much for that group. If you don’t
feel particularly warm or cold toward a group you would rate them at 50
degrees. If we come to a group you don’t know much about, just tell me
and we’ll move on to the next one.
1978-1984:
(1980-1984: And still using the thermometer, how would you rate the
following.)
1986-LATER:
([And] still using the thermometer, how would you rate [the following]:)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE FOR ALL GROUP THERMOMETERS:
Card or respondent booklet shown to R exc. 2000 telephone and 2002
(telephone study).
Code distinction between ‘don’t know’ and non-recognition of name
begin in 1978; data are combined in the DK category here.
In all Pre-Post study years except 1968 and 1976, group thermometers
followed (within the same wave, if not immediately) the series of
thermometers for specific political figures, so that R was asked to
recall the ‘explanation’ of the thermometer. In 1968 and 1976 only,
group thermometers appeared in a separate wave.
1964 NOTE:
‘Don’t knows’ were coded 50 on thermometers; groups about which the
respondent ‘didn’t know much’ were also placed at 50 degrees
1966 NOTE:
same as 1964.
1968 NOTE:
same as 1964.
1970 NOTE:
The order in which group thermometers were asked varied by form.
1970-1976 NOTE:
The respondent was not asked to give thermometer ratings for groups
about which R ‘didn’t know much’ or ‘didn’t know too much.’ However,
it is unclear whether such cases were coded DK or NA.
1996-LATER NOTE:
Group thermometers were administered in random order.



VCF0201 THERMOMETER - DEMOCRATS
Question
Democrats – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640242
1966: V660124
1968: V680230
1970: V700248(type 0)
1972: V720719
1974: V742364
1976: V763833
1980: V800871
1982: V820146



VCF0202 THERMOMETER - REPUBLICANS
Question
Republicans – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640247
1966: V660129
1968: V680237
1970: V700250(type 0)
1972: V720721
1974: V742366
1976: V763835
1980: V800873
1982: V820147



VCF0203 THERMOMETER - PROTESTANTS
Question
Protestants – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640249
1966: V660123
1968: V680239
1972: V720715
1976: V763844
2000: V001325
2002: V025070



VCF0204 THERMOMETER - CATHOLICS
Question
Catholics – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640240
1966: V660121
1968: V680227
1972: V720712
1976: V763826
1984: V840774
1988: V880611
1992: V925321
2000: V001323
2002: V025068
2004: V045058
2008: V085064c
2012: ftgr_catholics



VCF0205 THERMOMETER - JEWS
Question
Jews – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640244
1966: V660126
1968: V680232
1972: V720716
1976: V763842
1988: V880626
1992: V925334
2000: V001324
2002: V025069
2004: V045061
2008: V085064f
2016: V162108
2020: V202170
2024: V242149



VCF0206 THERMOMETER - BLACKS
Question
Blacks – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); breakoff, sufficient partial (2016)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640250
1966: V660130
1968: V680240
1970: V700249(type 0)
1972: V720720
1974: V742365
1976: V763832
1980: V800870
1982: V820145
1984: V840763
1986: V860149
1988: V880613
1990: V900155
1992: V925323
1994: V940305
1996: V961029
1998: V980262
2000: V001308
2002: V025055
2004: V045077
2008: V085064y
2012: ftcasi_black
2016: V162312
2020: V202480
2024: V242516



VCF0207 THERMOMETER - WHITES
Question
Whites – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); breakoff, sufficient partial (2016)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640245
1966: V660128
1968: V680233
1970: V700247(type 0)
1972: V720718
1974: V742363
1976: V763846
1980: V800884
1982: V820144
1984: V840769
1988: V880625
1992: V925333
1994: V940313
1996: V961030
1998: V980270
2000: V001309
2002: V025056
2004: V045086
2008: V085065c
2012: ftcasi_white
2016: V162314
2020: V202482
2024: V242518



VCF0208 THERMOMETER - SOUTHERNERS
Question
Southerners – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640239
1968: V680226
1972: V720710
1976: V763824
1980: V800862
1992: V925332
2004: V045078
2008: V085064z



VCF0209 THERMOMETER - BIG BUSINESS
Question
Big business – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640241
1966: V660119
1968: V680224
1972: V720707
1974: V742356
1976: V763821
1980: V800859
1984: V840773
1988: V880612
1992: V925322
1994: V940314
1996: V961034
2000: V001313
2002: V025060
2004: V045067
2008: V085064n
2012: ftgr_bigbus
2016: V162100
2020: V202163
2024: V242141



VCF0210 THERMOMETER - LABOR UNIONS
Question
Labor unions – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640246
1966: V660127
1968: V680235
1972: V720722
1974: V742367
1976: V763836
1980: V800874
1984: V840767
1986: V860151
1988: V880604
1990: V900157
1992: V925316
1994: V940307
1996: V961033
1998: V980266
2000: V001312
2002: V025059
2004: V045064
2008: V085064j
2012: ftgr_unions
2016: V162098
2020: V202162
2024: V242140



VCF0211 THERMOMETER - LIBERALS
Question
Liberals – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640238
1966: V660120
1968: V680225
1970: V700252(type 0)
1972: V720709
1974: V742358
1976: V763823
1980: V800861
1982: V820142
1984: V840770
1986: V860153
1988: V880616
1990: V900161
1992: V925326
1994: V940311
1996: V961032
1998: V980267
2000: V001311
2002: V025058
2004: V045062
2008: V085064g
2012: ftgr_liberals
2016: V162097
2020: V202161
2024: V242139



VCF0212 THERMOMETER - CONSERVATIVES
Question
Conservatives – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640251
1966: V660131
1968: V680241
1970: V700242(type 0)
1972: V720724
1974: V742369
1976: V763838
1980: V800877
1982: V820143
1984: V840764
1986: V860150
1988: V880609
1990: V900156
1992: V925319
1994: V940306
1996: V961031
1998: V980264
2000: V001310
2002: V025057
2004: V045069
2008: V085064q
2012: ftgr_cons
2016: V162101
2020: V202164
2024: V242142



VCF0213 THERMOMETER - MILITARY
Question
Military – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640243
1968: V680231
1970: V700246(type 0)
1972: V720717
1974: V742362
1976: V763831
1980: V800869
1984: V840781
1988: V880618
1992: V925328
1996: V961027
2000: V001306
2002: V025053
2004: V045066
2008: V085064m
2012: ftgr_military



VCF0214 THERMOMETER - POLICEMEN/POLICE
Question
Policemen (1992: the police; 2016: police) – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1964-1968: see VCF0201 note)
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1966: V660125
1968: V680228
1970: V700240(type 0)
1972: V720714
1974: V742360
1976: V763828
1992: V925340
2016: V162110
2020: V202171
2024: V242150



VCF0215 THERMOMETER - BLACK MILITANTS
Question
Black militants – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700255(type 0)
1972: V720727
1974: V742372
1976: V763841
1980: V800880
1984: V840775
1986: V860155



VCF0216 THERMOMETER - CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS
Question
Civil rights leaders – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700239(type 0)
1972: V720729
1974: V742373
1976: V763843
1980: V800875
1984: V840779
1988: V880606



VCF0217 THERMOMETER - CHICANOS/HISPANICS
Question
1976: Chicanos –feeling thermometer
1980,1984,1988: Hispanics– feeling thermometer
1992: Hispanic-Americans– feeling thermometer
1994: Hispanics or Latinos– feeling thermometer
1996-later: Hispanics (Hispanic-Americans)– feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; breakoff, sufficient partial (2016)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763825
1980: V800863
1984: V840765
1988: V880617
1992: V925327
1994: V940304
1996: V961037
2000: V001316
2002: V025063
2004: V045056
2008: V085064s
2012: ftcasi_hisp
2016: V162311
2020: V202479
2024: V242515



VCF0218 THERMOMETER - DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
The Democratic Party – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
1984 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the pre and the post. The pre version
is included here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780155
1980: V800168
1982: V820138
1984: V840305
1986: V860146
1988: V880164
1990: V900151
1992: V923317
1994: V940301
1996: V960292
1998: V980260
2000: V000369
2004: V043049
2008: V083044a
2012: ft_dem
2016: V161095
2020: V201156
2024: V241166



VCF0219 THERMOMETER - MIDDLE CLASS PEOPLE
Question
Middle class people – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720734
1974: V742376
1976: V763848
1980: V800886
1984: V840766
2004: V045063
2008: V085064h
2012: ftgr_middle



VCF0220 THERMOMETER - PEOPLE ON WELFARE
Question
People on welfare – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763834
1980: V800872
1984: V840777
1986: V860154
1988: V880607
1990: V900159
1992: V925318
1994: V940309
1996: V961036
2000: V001315
2002: V025062
2004: V045068
2008: V085064p
2012: ftgr_welfare



VCF0221 THERMOMETER - POLITICAL INDEPENDENTS
Question
People who call themselves political independents - feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
1984 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the pre and the post. The pre version
is included here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800170
1982: V820140
1984: V840307



VCF0222 THERMOMETER - POLITICAL PARTIES
Question
Political parties, in general – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
1984 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the pre and the post. The pre version
is included here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800171
1982: V820141
1984: V840308
1986: V860148
1990: V900153
1994: V940303
1996: V960294
2000: V000372



VCF0223 THERMOMETER - POOR PEOPLE
Question
Poor people – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720708
1974: V742357
1976: V763822
1980: V800860
1984: V840768
1986: V860156
1988: V880610
1990: V900162
1992: V925320
1994: V940312
1996: V961035
1998: V980268
2000: V001314
2002: V025061
2004: V045065
2008: V085064k
2012: ftgr_poor
2016: V162099



VCF0224 THERMOMETER - REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
The Republican Party – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
1984 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the pre and the post. The pre version
is included here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780156
1980: V800169
1982: V820139
1984: V840306
1986: V860147
1988: V880165
1990: V900152
1992: V923318
1994: V940302
1996: V960293
1998: V980261
2000: V000370
2004: V043050
2008: V083044b
2012: ft_rep
2016: V161096
2020: V201157
2024: V241167



VCF0225 THERMOMETER - WOMENS LIBBERS
Question
1970-1976,1980,1984: the women’s liberation movement–feeling thermometer
1986,1990,1992,1996: the women’s movement–feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
For ‘feminists’ (1988 and 1992) see VCF0253 and VCF0254.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700254(type 0)
1972: V720725
1974: V742370
1976: V763839
1980: V800878
1984: V840782
1986: V860152
1990: V900158
1992: V925324
1994: V940308
1996: V961039
2000: V001318



VCF0226 THERMOMETER - YOUNG PEOPLE
Question
Young people – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720723
1974: V742368
1976: V763837
1980: V800876
2004: V045080



VCF0227 THERMOMETER - ASIAN-AMERICANS
Question
Asian-Americans – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA; no Post IW; breakoff, sufficient partial (2016)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V925339
2000: V001327
2002: V025072
2004: V045075
2008: V085064v
2012: ftcasi_asian
2016: V162310
2020: V202477
2024: V242514



VCF0228 THERMOMETER - CONGRESS
Question
1998: U.S. Congress – thermometer
1980,1988,1992,2000-later: Congress (1980,1992: that is, the U.S.
Senate and the House of Representatives)– thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800882
1988: V880628
1992: V925337
1996: V961026
1998: V980273
2000: V001305
2002: V025052
2004: V045076
2008: V085064w
2012: ftgr_congress
2016: V162104
2020: V202167
2024: V242145



VCF0229 THERMOMETER - ENVIRONMENTALISTS
Question
1980,1988,1990: people seeking to protect the environment –thermometer
1994-later: environmentalists – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800867
1988: V880620
1990: V900160
1992: V925329
1994: V940310
1996: V961041
2000: V001320
2002: V025066
2004: V045072
2008: V085064s



VCF0230 THERMOMETER - ANTI-ABORTIONISTS
Question
1984: Anti-abortionists – thermometer
1988,1990: Opponents of abortion – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. Post IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840780
1988: V880624
1990: V900163



VCF0231 THERMOMETER - FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Question
The federal government in Washington – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800868
1988: V880615
1992: V925325
1996: V961028
2000: V001307
2002: V025054
2004: V045060
2008: V085064e
2012: ftgr_fedgov



VCF0232 THERMOMETER - GAYS AND LESBIANS
Question
Gay men and lesbians (that is), homosexuals – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840778
1988: V880627
1992: V925335
1994: V940318
1996: V961042
1998: V980265
2000: V001321
2002: V025067
2004: V045074
2008: V085064u
2012: ftgr_gay
2016: V162103
2020: V202166
2024: V242144



VCF0233 THERMOMETER - ILLEGAL ALIENS
Question
Illegal aliens (2004-later: illegal immigrants) – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA; no Post IW; breakoff, sufficient partial (2016)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880622
1992: V925331
1994: V940317
2004: V045081
2008: V085065a
2012: ftcasi_illegal
2016: V162313
2020: V202481
2024: V242517



VCF0234 THERMOMETER - CHRISTIAN FUNDAMENTALISTS
Question
Christian fundamentalists – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880629
1992: V925338
1994: V940315
1996: V961038
2000: V001317
2002: V025064
2004: V045057
2008: V085064b
2012: ftgr_xfund
2016: V162095
2020: V202159
2024: V242137



VCF0235 THERMOMETER - RADICAL STUDENTS
Question
Radical students – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700253(type 0)
1972: V720713
1974: V742359
1976: V763827
1980: V800864



VCF0236 THERMOMETER - FARMERS
Question
Farmers – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720732
1974: V742375
1980: V800883



VCF0253 THERMOMETER - FEMINISTS
Question
Feminists – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
For ‘women’s movement’ see VCF0225.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880605
1992: V925317
2000: V001326
2002: V025071
2004: V045059
2008: V085064d
2012: ftgr_feminists
2016: V162096
2020: V202160
2024: V242138



VCF0290 THERMOMETER AVERAGE - MAJOR PARTIES
Question
Thermometers –both major parties
Valid
0-97 Degrees.
Missing
998. DK in VCF0218 or VCF0224
999. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0218 and VCF0224 as: (VCF0218+VCF0224)/2. Fractional
results are rounded to the next highest integer.
Cases DK in either thermometer are coded DK; cases which are NA in one
thermometer are coded NA unless the other thermometer is DK (in which
case this var is coded DK).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2020: VCF0218, VCF0224



VCF0291 THERMOMETER INDEX - MAJOR PARTIES
Question
Major party thermometer index
Valid
2. Most Republican
.
50. Neutral
.
99. Most Democratic
Missing
998. DK in VCF0218 or VCF0224
999. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0218 and VCF0224 as: (VCF0218-VCF0224 +100)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.
Cases DK in either thermometer are coded DK; cases which are NA in one
thermometer are coded NA unless the other thermometer is DK (in which
cases this var is coded DK).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2020: VCF0218, VCF0224



VCF0301 PARTY IDENTIFICATION OF RESPONDENT- 7-POINT SCALE
Question
Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican,
a Democrat, an Independent, or what? (IF REPUBLICAN OR DEMOCRAT)
Would you call yourself a strong (REP/DEM) or a not very strong
(REP/DEM)? (IF INDEPENDENT, OTHER [1966 AND LATER:] OR NO PREFERENCE;
2008: OR DK)
Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican or Democratic party?
Valid
1. Strong Democrat
2. Weak Democrat
3. Independent - Democrat
4. Independent - Independent
5. Independent - Republican
6. Weak Republican
7. Strong Republican
Missing
0. NA/RF initial party identification; Democrat or Republican initial
party identification but DK/NA/RF strength; initial party identification
independent/no preference/other/DK and followup is DK/NA/RF/other; no
Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable has been revised in accordance with the ANES memo on
construction of the Party Identification Summary (available from the
ANES Web site).
For all years, this variable has been reconstructed in the following
consistent manner:
Code 1: initial mention Democrat; followup: strong.
Code 2: initial mention Democrat; followup: not strong.
Code 3: initial preference independent,no preference, other, DK ;
followup: Democrat
Code 4: initial preference independent,no preference, other, DK ;
followup: neither
Code 5: initial preference independent,no preference, other, DK ;
followup: Republican
Code 6: initial mention Republican; followup: not strong.
Code 7: initial mention Republican; followup: strong
2008 NOTE:
The order of the parties in the initial question was randomized.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520237
1956: V560088
1958: V580062
1960: V600091
1962: V620035
1964: V640146
1966: V660082
1968: V680120
1970: V700184(type 0)
1972: V720140
1974: V742204
1976: V763174
1978: V780433
1980: V800266
1982: V820291
1984: V840318
1986: V860300
1988: V880274
1990: V900320
1992: V923634
1994: V940655
1996: V960420
1998: V980339
2000: V000523
2002: V023038x
2004: V043116
2008: V083098x
2012: pid_x
2016: V161158x
2020: V201231x
2024: V241226, V241227x



VCF0302 PARTY IDENTIFICATION OF RESPONDENT- INITIAL PARTY ID RESPONSE
Question
Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican,
a Democrat, an Independent, or what?
Valid
1. Republican
2. Independent
3. No preference; none; neither
4. Other
5. Democrat
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; refused
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable corresponds to R’s initial response, before follow-up
questions determine strength or leaning.
1952-66,1970 study data were coded as a summary already including
information from strength and closeness, and are not included.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680119
1972: V720141
1974: V742201
1976: V763168
1978: V780426
1980: V800225
1982: V820287
1984: V840315
1986: V860297
1988: V880271
1990: V900317
1992: V923631
1994: V940652
1996: V960417
1998: V980336
2000: V000519
2002: V023036
2004: V043114
2008: V083097
2012: pid_self
2016: V161155,V161155a
2020: V201228
2024: V241221



VCF0303 PARTY IDENTIFICATION OF RESPONDENT- SUMMARY 3-CATEGORY
Question
Party ID - 3 categories
Valid
1. Democrats (including leaners)
2. Independents
3. Republicans (including leaners)
Missing
0. DK; NA; other; refused to answer; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from VCF0301, 1-3=1, 4=2, 5-7=3
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520237
1956: V560088
1958: V580062
1960: V600091
1962: V620035
1964: V640146
1966: V660082
1968: V680120
1970: V700184(type 0)
1972: V720140
1974: V742204
1976: V763174
1978: V780433
1980: V800266
1982: V820291
1984: V840318
1986: V860300
1988: V880274
1990: V900320
1992: V923634
1994: V940655
1996: V960420
1998: V980339
2000: V000523
2002: V023038x
2004: V043116
2008: V083098x
2012: pid_x
2020: V201231x
2024: V241227x



VCF0305 PARTY IDENTIFICATION OF RESPONDENT- STRENGTH OF PARTISANSHIP
Question
Party ID - strength of partisanship
Valid
1. Independent
2. Leaning Independent
3. Weak Partisan
4. Strong Partisan
Missing
0. DK; NA; other; refused to answer; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from VCF0301, 1=4, 2=3, 3=2, 4=1, 5=2, 6=3, 7=4
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520237
1956: V560088
1958: V580062
1960: V600091
1962: V620035
1964: V640146
1966: V660082
1968: V680120
1970: V700184(type 0)
1972: V720140
1974: V742204
1976: V763174
1978: V780433
1980: V800266
1982: V820291
1984: V840318
1986: V860300
1988: V880274
1990: V900320
1992: V923634
1994: V940655
1996: V960420
1998: V980339
2000: V000523
2002: V023038x
2004: V043116
2008: V083098x
2020: V201231x
2024: V241227x



VCF0306 PARTY IDENTIFICATION OF RESPONDENT’S FATHER
Question
(1970,1988,1990: When you were growing up) Did he/your father
(1988,1992: or stepfather) think of himself mostly as a Democrat, as a
Republican, or what?
Valid
1. Democrat
2. Independent (some years also: shifted around)
3. Republican
4. Other; minor party; apolitical; never voted, didn’t get into politics; parents
refused to say; DK (1988 only); father not a U.S. citizen
Missing
9. DK (exc. 1988)
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; R had no father/father substitute; DK/NA
father’s interest in politics (1972 only)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Prior to 1972, code 2 was a volunteered code only.
1972 NOTE:
If R’s response to the question corresponding to VCF0308 (father’s
interest in politics) was DK or NA, then this question was not asked.
1988 NOTE:
DK was combined with ‘other’ codes (code 4).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520068
1958: V580069
1964: V640151
1968: V680124
1970: V700192(type 0)
1972: V720153
1976: V763202
1978: V780439
1980: V800355
1988: V881115
1992: V926243



VCF0307 PARTY IDENTIFICATION OF RESPONDENT’S MOTHER
Question
(1970,1988,1990: When you were growing up) Did she/your mother
(1988,1992: or stepmother) think of himself mostly as a Democrat, as a
Republican, or what?
Valid
1. Democrat
2. Independent
3. Republican
4. Other; minor party; apolitical; never voted, didn’t get into politics; parents
refused to say; DK (1988 only); mother not a U.S. citizen; no women’s suffrage
(prior to 1972 only)
Missing
9. DK (exc. 1988)
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; R had no mother/mother substitute; DK/NA
mother’s interest in politics (1972 only)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Prior to 1972, code 2 was a volunteered code only.
1972 NOTE:
If R’s response to the question corresponding to VCF0309 (mother’s
interest in politics) was DK or NA, then this question was not asked.
1988 ONLY:
DK was combined with ‘other’ codes (code 4).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520069
1958: V580071
1964: V640153
1968: V680126
1970: V700193(type 0)
1972: V720155
1976: V763204
1978: V780440
1980: V800356
1988: V881116
1992: V926244



VCF0308 POLITICAL INTEREST OF RESPONDENT’S FATHER
Question
Do you remember when you were growing up whether your father was very
much interested in politics, somewhat interested, or didn’t he pay
much attention to it?
Valid
1. Didn’t pay much attention
2. Somewhat interested
3. Very much interested
Missing
9. DK
0. NA; R had no father/father substitute
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580068
1964: V640150
1968: V680123
1972: V720152
1976: V763201



VCF0309 POLITICAL INTEREST OF RESPONDENT’S MOTHER
Question
Now how about your mother? When you were growing up was she very much
interested in politics, somewhat interested, or didn’t she pay much
attention to it?
Valid
1. Didn’t pay much attention
2. Somewhat interested
3. Very much interested
Missing
9. DK
0. NA; R had no mother/mother substitute
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580070
1964: V640152
1968: V680125
1972: V720154
1976: V763203



VCF0310 INTEREST IN THE ELECTIONS
Question
Some people don’t pay much attention to political campaigns. How
about you, would you say that you have been/were very much interested,
somewhat interested, or not much interested in (1952-1998: following)
the political campaigns (so far) this year?
Valid
1. Not much interested
2. Somewhat interested
3. Very much interested
9. DK
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1988 NOTE:
This question was present in both the pre and post. The pre version is
represented here.
1992 NOTE:
same as 1988
2002 NOTE:
same as 1988
2004 NOTE:
same as 1988
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion ‘OLD’); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version ‘NEW’).
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.
This question was present in both the pre and post. The pre version is
represented here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520044
1956: V560097
1958: V580075
1960: V600098
1962: V620039
1964: V640157
1966: V660087
1968: V680130
1970: V700201(type 0)
1972: V720163
1976: V763031
1978: V780043
1980: V800053
1982: V820058
1984: V840075
1986: V860059
1988: V880097
1990: V900062
1992: V923101
1994: V940124
1996: V960201
1998: V980201
2000: V000301
2002: V023001
2004: V043001
2008: V083001a
2012: interest_following
2016: V161004
2020: V201006
2024: V241005



VCF0311 DOES RESPONDENT CARE WHICH PARTY WINS PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
Question
Generally speaking, would you say that you personally care a good deal
which party (1992 and later: who) wins the presidential election this
fall, or that you don’t care very much which party (1992 and later: who)
wins?
Valid
1. Don’t care very much or DK, pro-con, depends, and other
2. Care a good deal
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The 1992 change in wording from ‘which party wins’ to ‘who wins’
produced a significant change in distributions.
2016:
The 2016 version of this question was not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520041
1956: V560014
1960: V600019
1964: V640020
1968: V680027
1972: V720029
1976: V763030
1980: V800061
1984: V840080
1988: V880102
1992: V923106
1996: V960202
2000: V000302
2004: V043092
2008: V083072
2012: preswin_care



VCF0312 RESPONDENT CARE(D) WHICH PARTY WINS CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION
Question
POST ADMINISTRATION:
As you know, representatives to Congress in Washington are being chosen
in this election from congressional districts all around the country.
How much would you say that you personally cared about the way the
elections (1996 AND LATER: election) to the U.S. House of
Representatives (1966,1970,1974: to Congress) came out:
Did you care very much, pretty much, not very much or not at all?
PRE ADMINISTRATION:
As you know, representatives to Congress in Washington are being chosen
in this election from congressional districts all around the country.
How much would you say that you personally care about the way the
elections (1996 AND LATER: election) to the U.S. House of
Representatives (1970,1974: to Congress) come(s) out:
Do you care very much, pretty much, not very much or not at all?
Valid
1. Not very much, not at all, DK, pro-con, depends, other
2. Very much, pretty much
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
2002 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the Pre and Post; the Pre is
represented here.
2008 NOTE:
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
with response options in reverse order.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1966: V660063
1970: V700164(type 0)
1974: V742026
1978: V780114
1980: V800822
1982: V820097
1986: V860102
1990: V900106
1992: V925108
1994: V940209
1996: V960256
1998: V980222
2000: V000342
2002: V023007
2008: V083034



VCF0313 INTEREST IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS
Question
1964 AND LATER:
Some people seem to follow (1964: think about) what’s going on in
government and public affairs most of the time, whether there’s an
election going on or not. Others aren’t that interested. Would you say
you follow what’s going on in government and public affairs most of the
time, some of the time, only now and then, or hardly at all?
1960, 1962:
We’d also like to know how much attention you pay to what’s going on in
politics generally. I mean from day to day, when there isn’t any big
election campaign going on, would you say you follow politics very
closely, fairly closely, or not much at all?
Valid
1. Hardly at all (1960,1962: not much at all)
2. Only now and then
3. Some of the time (1960,1962: fairly closely)
4. Most of the time (1960,1962: very closely)
9. DK
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984); split
versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1960 NOTE:
Only three response categories were available, corresponding to codes
1, 3, and 4.
1962 NOTE:
same as 1960.
1962 NOTE 2:
The DK category was not present
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion ‘OLD’); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version ‘NEW’).
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.
This question was present in both the pre and post. The pre version is
represented here.
2016 NOTE:
The 2016 version of this question was not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1960: V600225
1962: V620040
1964: V640324
1966: V660064
1968: V680430
1972: V720476
1974: V742027
1976: V763599
1978: V780310
1980: V800974
1982: V820294
1984: V840988
1986: V860301
1988: V880812
1990: V900321
1992: V925721
1994: V940701
1996: V961134
1998: V980340
2000: V001367
2002: V025084
2004: V045095
2008: V085072



VCF0314 DEMOCRATIC PARTY: RESPONDENT LIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four positive mentions (likes)
5. Five positive mentions (likes)
Missing
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not
administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form or wave. Rs
who responded ‘no’ to ‘Is there anything in particular that you
like about the Democratic party?’ have been coded here as 0
mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in response have also been coded
here as 0 mentions. In addition, Rs who responded ‘yes’ BUT
who provided no mentions (DK or NA in first mention) have been
coded 0.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized (‘likes’ always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996
2004 NOTE:
same as 1996
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520018
1956: V560015
1958: V580015
1960: V600020
1964: V640021
1968: V680028
1972: V720031
1976: V763088,V763089,V763090,V763091,V763092
1978: V780091,V780092,V780093,V780094,V780095
1980: V800173,V800174,V800175,V800176,V800177
1982: V820074,V820075,V820076,V820077,V820078
1984: V840267,V840268,V840269,V840270,V840271
1986: V860073,V860074,V860075,V860076,V860077
1988: V880183,V880184,V880185,V880186,V880187
1990: V900074,V900075,V900076,V900077,V900078,V900079
1992: V923402,V923403,V923404,V923405,V923406
1994: V940132,V940133,V940134,V940135,V940136
1996: V960326,V960327,V960328,V960329,V960330
2000: V000374,V000375,V000376,V000377,V000378
2004: V043053



VCF0315 DEMOCRATIC PARTY: RESPONDENT DISLIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the
Democratic party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four negative mentions (dislikes)
5. Five negative mentions (dislikes)
Missing
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not
administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form (1972,1990,1996)
or within a wave (1952,1960). Rs who responded ‘no’ to ‘Is there
anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?’ have been coded here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in
response to the same question have also been coded here as 0
mentions. In addition, Rs who responded ‘yes’ BUT who provided
no mentions (DK or NA in first mention) have been coded 0.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized (‘likes’ always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996
2004 NOTE:
same as 1996
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520019
1956: V560016
1958: V580016
1960: V600021
1964: V640022
1968: V680029
1972: V720033
1976: V763094,V763095,V763096,V763097,V763098
1978: V780097,V780098,V780099,V780100,V780101
1980: V800179,V800180,V800181,V800182,V800183
1982: V820081,V820082,V820083,V820084
1984: V840273,V840274,V840275,V840276,V840277
1986: V860079,V860080,V860081,V860082,V860083
1988: V880189,V880190,V880191,V880192,V880193
1990: V900081,V900082,V900083,V900084,V900085
1992: V923408,V923409,V923410,V923411,V923412
1994: V940138,V940139,V940140,V940141,V940142
1996: V960332,V960333,V960334,V960335,V960336
2000: V000380,V000381,V000382,V000383,V000384
2004: V043055



VCF0316 DEMOCRATIC PARTY: AFFECT (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Affect toward Democratic Party
Missing
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not
administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Democratic party ‘likes’ minus the number of
Democratic party ‘dislikes’ (VCF0314-VCF0315).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0317 DEMOCRATIC PARTY: SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Salience of Democratic Party
Valid
0. Zero mentions
.
.
10. Ten mentions
Missing
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not
administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Democratic party ‘likes’ plus the number of
Democratic party dislikes (VCF0314+VCF0315)
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0318 REPUBLICAN PARTY: RESPONDENT LIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four positive mentions (likes)
5. Five positive mentions (likes)
Missing
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not
administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form (1972,1990,1996)
or within a wave (1952,1960). Rs who responded ‘no’ to ‘Is there
anything in particular that you like about the Republican party?’
have been coded here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in response
to the same question have also been coded here as 0 mentions. In
addition, Rs who responded ‘yes’ BUT who provided no mentions (DK
or NA in first mention) have been coded 0 here.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized (‘likes’ always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520020
1956: V560017
1958: V580017
1960: V600022
1964: V640023
1968: V680030
1972: V720035
1976: V763100,V763101,V763102,V763103,V763104
1978: V780103,V780104,V780105,V780106,V780107
1980: V800185,V800186,V800186,V800187,V800188,V800189
1982: V820086,V820087,V820088,V820089,V820090
1984: V840279,V840280,V840281,V840282,V840283
1986: V860085,V860086,V860087,V860088,V860089
1988: V880195,V880196,V880197,V880198,V880199
1990: V900086,V900087,V900088,V900089,V900090,V900091
1992: V923414,V923415,V923416,V923417,V923418
1994: V940144,V940145,V940146,V940147,V940148
1996: V960314,V960315,V960316,V960317,V960318
2000: V000386,V000387,V000388,V000389,V000390
2004: V043057



VCF0319 REPUBLICAN PARTY: RESPONDENT DISLIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the
Republican party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four negative mentions (dislikes)
5. Five negative mentions (dislikes)
Missing
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not
administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form (1972,1990,1996)
or within a wave (1952,1960). Rs who responded ‘no’ to ‘Is there
anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?’ have been coded here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in
response to the same question have also been coded here as 0
mentions. In addition, Rs who responded ‘yes’ BUT who provided
no mentions (DK or NA in first mention) have been coded 0.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized (‘likes’ always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996
2004 NOTE:
same as 1996
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520021
1956: V560018
1958: V580018
1960: V600023
1964: V640024
1968: V680031
1972: V720037
1976: V763106,V763107,V763108,V763109,V763110
1978: V780109,V780110,V780111,V780112,V780113
1980: V800191,V800192,V800193,V800194,V800195
1982: V820092,V820093,V820094,V820095,V820096,V820096
1984: V840285,V840286,V840287,V840288,V840289
1986: V860091,V860092,V860093,V860094,V860095
1988: V880201,V880202,V880203,V880204,V880205
1990: V900092,V900093,V900094,V900095,V900096,V900097
1992: V923420,V923421,V923422,V923423,V923424
1994: V940150,V940151,V940152,V940153,V940154
1996: V960320,V960321,V960322,V960323,V960324
2000: V000392,V000393,V000394,V000395,V000396
2004: V043059



VCF0320 REPUBLICAN PARTY: AFFECT (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Affect toward Republican Party
Missing
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not
administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Republican party ‘likes’ minus the number of
Republican party ‘dislikes’ (VCF0318-VCF0319).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0321 REPUBLICAN PARTY: SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Salience of Republican Party
Valid
0. Zero mentions
.
.
10. Ten mentions
Missing
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not
administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Republican party ‘likes’ plus the number of
Republican party ‘dislikes’ (VCF0318+VCF0319)
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0322 MAJOR PARTIES: AFFECT (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Net affect toward major parties
Missing
999. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not
administered in assigned half sample (1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The net affect toward parties is the difference between two sums:
the sum of Democratic party ‘likes’ and Republican party ‘dislikes’
MINUS the sum of Democratic party ‘dislikes’ and Republican party
‘likes:’ [VCF0314+VCF0319] - [VCF0315+VCF0318]
which is the same as: VCF0316 - VCF0320
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0323 MAJOR PARTIES: SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Major party salience
Valid
0. Zero mentions
.
.
20. Twenty mentions
Missing
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not
administered in assigned half-sample (1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Party salience is the sum of all ‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’ about both
the Democratic and Republican parties:
[VCF0314 + VCF0315 + VCF0318 + VCF0319]
which is the same as: VCF0317 + VCF0321
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0324 MAJOR PARTIES: RELATIVE SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Relative salience of major parties
Missing
999. No Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not
administered in assigned half-sample (1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Relative salience of parties is the sum of ‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’
about the Democratic party MINUS the sum of ‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’
about the Republican party: [VCF0314+VCF0315] - [VCF0318+VCF0319]
which is the same as: VCF0317 - VCF0321
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840323
1986: V860550
1988: V881014
1992: V923635
1996: V960421
2000: V001642a
2002: V025082
2004: V043121
2008: V083178e



Question
POLITICAL FIGURE TRAITS - GENERAL TEXT

I am going to read a list of words and phrases people may use to
describe political figures…
Think about [NAME].
The first phrase is [TRAIT] In your opinion, does the phrase [TRAIT]
describe [NAME] extremely well, quite well, not too well or not well at
all? (What about) [NEXT TRAIT]?
Notes
1984 NOTE:
Presidential trait vars appeared in both the pre and post; the pre is
represented here.
1988 NOTE:
Form A respondents were asked in the Pre, and Form B respondents were
asked in the Post.
1996 NOTE:
Traits were administered in random order; order of Presidential
candidates (including the President) was also in random order.
1998 NOTE:
Order of traits was randomized.
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly selected to be administered Clinton traits in
either the pre or the post. The order of traits was randomized.
2002 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly selected to be administered one of two sets
of traits. In the first set traits included VCF342 and VCF343; in the
second set, VCF338, VCF344, and VCF345. Each set of traits was
randomly assigned to one of two possible orders.
2004 NOTE:
same as 1996.
2008 NOTE:
2008 NOTE:
Traits were administered in 2 versions; version “J” corresponds
to the version here; the remaining respondents were administered
alternative version “K”.
Traits were administered in random order; order of Presidential
candidates (including the President) was also in random order.
A half-sample of respondents were administered the traits questions
with response options in reverse order.
2012 NOTE:
Not coded comparably in 2012.



VCF0338 PRESIDENT- INTELLIGENT
Question
President trait- Intelligent
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840323
1986: V860550
1988: V881014
1992: V923635
1996: V960421
2000: V001642a
2002: V025082
2004: V043121
2008: V083178e



VCF0339 PRESIDENT- COMPASSIONATE
Question
President trait - compassionate
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840321
1986: V860551
1988: V881015
1992: V923636
1996: V960422



VCF0340 PRESIDENT- DECENT
Question
President trait - decent
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840320
1986: V860555
1988: V881019



VCF0341 PRESIDENT- INSPIRING
Question
President trait- inspiring
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800397
1982: V820382
1984: V840326
1986: V860553
1988: V881017
1992: V923638
1996: V960425



VCF0342 PRESIDENT- KNOWLEDGEABLE
Question
President trait - knowledgeable
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986); R selected for Post administration and no Post IW
(2000); R not selected for this trait (2002); no Post IW; split
versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800395
1982: V820380
1984: V840327
1986: V860557
1988: V881021
1992: V923641
1994: V940923
1996: V960428
1998: V980432
2000: V001639a
2002: V025078
2004: V043120
2008: V083178d



VCF0343 PRESIDENT- MORAL
Question
President trait - moral
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986); R selected for Post administration and no Post IW
(2000); R not selected for this trait (2002); no Post IW; split
versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800392
1982: V820377
1984: V840324
1986: V860552
1988: V881016
1992: V923637
1994: V940920
1996: V960423
1998: V980430
2000: V001637a
2002: V025076
2004: V043117
2008: V083178a



VCF0344 PRESIDENT- LEADERSHIP
Question
President trait - provides strong leadership
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986); R selected for Post administration and no Post IW
(2000); R not selected for this trait (2002); no Post IW; split
versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800399
1982: V820384
1984: V840330
1986: V860554
1988: V881018
1992: V923639
1994: V940921
1996: V960426
1998: V980434
2000: V001640a
2002: V025079
2004: V043118
2008: V083178b



VCF0345 PRESIDENT- CARES
Question
President trait - really cares about people like you
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
0. Form B (1986); R selected for Post administration and no Post IW
(2000); R not selected for this trait (2002); no Post IW; split
versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840329
1986: V860556
1988: V881020
1992: V923640
1994: V940922
1996: V960427
1998: V980431
2000: V001638a
2002: V025080
2004: V043119
2008: V083178c



Question
POLITICAL FIGURE AFFECTS - GENERAL TEXT

YEARS PRIOR TO 2016:
Now we would like to know something about the feelings you have toward
[NAME]. Has [NAME] – because of the kind of person he is, or because of
something he has done – made you feel [AFFECT]?

2016:
Has [NONRUNNING PRESIDENT] – because of the kind of person he is or
because of something he has done, ever made you feel: [AFFECT]. How often
would you say you’ve felt [AFFECT] /
Now we would like to know something about the feelings you
have toward the candidates for President. I am going to name a
candidate, and I want you to tell me whether something about
that person, or something he or she has done, has made you have
certain feelings like anger or pride.
Think about [PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE].
How often would you say you’ve felt [AFFECT] because of the kind of person
[PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE] is or because of something HE/SHE has done?
Notes
2016 NOTE:
Single question.
1980 NOTE:
“Don’t know” was combined with “no” (code 2).
1982 NOTE:
same as 1980.
1984 NOTE 1:
Reagan affect variables appeared in both the pre and post: the pre
is represented.
1984 NOTE 2:
“Don’t know” was combined with NA (code 9).
1988 NOTE:
Form A respondents were asked affects in the Pre, and Form B
respondents were asked in the Post.
1996 NOTE:
Affects were administered in random order; order of Presidential
candidates (including the President) was also in random order.
1998:
Affects were administered in random order.
2000 NOTE 1:
Respondents were randomly assigned to be administered affects in either
the pre or the post.
2000 NOTE 2:
The order of affects was randomized.
2004 NOTE:
same as 1996.
2008 NOTE:
same as 1996.



VCF0346 PRESIDENT- ANGRY
Question
President affect: angry
Valid
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven’t felt (1980,1982 only: DK)
Missing
8. DK (exc. 1980-1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
0. Form B (1986); no Post IW; R selected for Post administration and
no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, “How often has..”
(no separate answers to a lead-in “Have you ever…”).
GENERAL NOTE:
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.
Barack Obama: 2012,2016
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800127
1982: V820386
1984: V840212
1986: V860542
1988: V881023
1992: V923501
1994: V940835
1996: V960341
1998: V980389
2000: V001629a
2004: V043069
2008: V083174
2012: candaff_angdpc
2016: V161236



VCF0347 PRESIDENT- AFRAID
Question
President affect: afraid (of him)
Valid
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven’t felt (1980,1982 only: DK)
Missing
8. DK (exc. 1980-1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
0. Form B (1986); no Post IW; R selected for Post administration and
no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, “How often has..”
(no separate answers to a lead-in “Have you ever…”).
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for affects preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800129
1982: V820388
1984: V840214
1986: V860544
1988: V881025
1992: V923503
1994: V940837
1996: V960345
1998: V980393
2000: V001633a
2004: V043073
2008: V083176
2012: candaff_afrdpc



VCF0348 PRESIDENT- HOPEFUL
Question
President affect: hopeful
Valid
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven’t felt (1980,1982 only: DK)
Missing
8. DK (exc. 1980-1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
0. Form B (1986); no Post IW; R selected for Post administration and
no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, “How often has..”
(no separate answers to a lead-in “Have you ever…”).
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for affects preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800128
1982: V820387
1984: V840213
1986: V860543
1988: V881024
1992: V923502
1994: V940836
1996: V960343
1998: V980391
2000: V001631a
2004: V043071
2008: V083175
2012: candaff_hpdpc



VCF0349 PRESIDENT- PROUD
Question
President affect: proud
Valid
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven’t felt (1980,1982 only: DK)
Missing
8. DK (exc. 1980-1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
0. Form B (1986); no Post IW; R selected for Post administration and
no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, “How often has..”
(no separate answers to a lead-in “Have you ever…”).
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for affects preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of presidents since 1980 includes:
Carter 1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986, 1988; George Bush Sr.
1992; Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004,2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800130
1982: V820389
1984: V840215
1986: V860545
1988: V881026
1992: V923504
1994: V940838
1996: V960347
1998: V980395
2000: V001635a
2004: V043075
2008: V083177
2012: candaff_prddpc
2016: V161237



VCF0350 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- INTELLIGENT
Question
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - intelligent
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840339
1988: V880284
1992: V923644
1996: V960421
2000: V000529
2004: V043128
2008: V083099e



VCF0351 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- COMPASSIONATE
Question
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - compassionate
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840337
1988: V880285
1992: V923645
1996: V960422



VCF0352 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- DECENT
Question
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - decent
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840336
1988: V880289



VCF0353 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- INSPIRING
Question
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - inspiring
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800397
1984: V840342
1988: V880287
1992: V923647
1996: V960425



VCF0354 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- KNOWLEDGEABLE
Question
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - knowledgeable
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800395
1984: V840343
1988: V880291
1992: V923650
1996: V960428
2000: V000526
2004: V043127
2008: V083099d



VCF0355 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- MORAL
Question
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - moral
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800392
1984: V840340
1988: V880286
1992: V923646
1996: V960423
2000: V000524
2004: V043124
2008: V083099a



VCF0356 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- LEADERSHIP
Question
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - provides strong leadership
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800399
1984: V840346
1988: V880288
1992: V923648
1996: V960426
2000: V000527
2004: V043125
2008: V083099b



VCF0357 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- CARES
Question
Democratic Presidential candidate trait - really cares about people
like you
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004; Barack Obama 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840345
1988: V880290
1992: V923649
1996: V960427
2000: V000525
2004: V043126
2008: V083099c



VCF0358 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- ANGRY
Question
Democratic Presidential candidate affect: angry
Valid
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven’t felt (1980 only: DK)
Missing
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, “How often has..”
There was no lead-in question “Have you ever…”.
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004, Barack Obama 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800127
1984: V840219
1988: V880218
1992: V923505
1996: V960341
2000: V000407
2004: V043077
2008: V083061
2012: candaff_angdpc
2016: V161116



VCF0359 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- AFRAID
Question
Democratic Presidential candidate affect: afraid (of him/her)
Valid
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven’t felt (1980 only: DK)
Missing
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, “How often has..”
There was no lead-in question “Have you ever…”.
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004, Barack Obama 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800129
1984: V840221
1988: V880220
1992: V923507
1996: V960345
2000: V000411
2004: V043081
2008: V083063
2012: candaff_afrdpc
2016: V161118



VCF0360 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- HOPEFUL
Question
Democratic Presidential candidate affect: hopeful
Valid
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven’t felt (1980 only: DK)
Missing
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, “How often has..”
There was no lead-in question “Have you ever…”.
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004, Barack Obama 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800128
1984: V840220
1988: V880219
1992: V923506
1996: V960343
2000: V000409
2004: V043079
2008: V083062
2012: candaff_hpdpc
2016: V161117



VCF0361 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- PROUD
Question
Democratic Presidential candidate affect: proud
Valid
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven’t felt (1980 only: DK)
Missing
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2016 NOTE:
For 2016, data were collapsed from the answers to, “How often has..”
There was no lead-in question “Have you ever…”.
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Democratic presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Jimmy Carter in 1980; Walter Mondale 1984;
Michael Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,1996; Al Gore 2000;
John Kerry 2004, Barack Obama 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800130
1984: V840222
1988: V880221
1992: V923508
1996: V960347
2000: V000413
2004: V043083
2008: V083064
2012: candaff_prddpc
2016: V161119



VCF0362 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- INTELLIGENT
Question
Republican Presidential candidate trait - intelligent
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840323
1988: V880275
1992: V923635
2000: V000536
2004: V043121
2008: V083101e



VCF0363 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- COMPASSIONATE
Question
Republican Presidential candidate trait - compassionate
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840321
1988: V880276
1992: V923636



VCF0364 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- DECENT
Question
Republican Presidential candidate trait - decent
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840320
1988: V880280



VCF0365 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- INSPIRING
Question
Republican Presidential candidate trait - inspiring
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800379
1984: V840326
1988: V880278
1992: V923638
1996: V960434



VCF0366 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- KNOWLEDGEABLE
Question
Republican Presidential candidate trait - knowledgeable
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800377
1984: V840327
1988: V880282
1992: V923641
1996: V960437
2000: V000533
2004: V043120
2008: V083101d



VCF0367 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- MORAL
Question
Republican Presidential candidate trait - moral
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800374
1984: V840324
1988: V880277
1992: V923637
1996: V960432
2000: V000531
2004: V043117
2008: V083101a



VCF0368 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- LEADERSHIP
Question
Republican Presidential candidate trait - provides strong leadership
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800381
1984: V840330
1988: V880279
1992: V923639
1996: V960435
2000: V000534
2004: V043118
2008: V083101b



VCF0369 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- CARES
Question
Republican Presidential candidate trait - really cares about people
like you
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP, split versions: not asked (2008)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0338.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840329
1988: V880281
1992: V923640
1996: V960436
2000: V000532
2004: V043119
2008: V083101c



VCF0370 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- ANGRY
Question
Republican Presidential candidate affect: angry
Valid
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven’t felt (1980 only: DK)
Missing
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
Inap. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800113
1984: V840212
1988: V880214
1992: V923501
1996: V960349
2000: V000415
2004: V043069
2008: V083065
2012: candaff_angrpc
2016: V161121



VCF0371 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- AFRAID
Question
Republican Presidential candidate affect: afraid (of him)
Valid
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven’t felt (1980 only: DK)
Missing
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
Inap. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800115
1984: V840214
1988: V880216
1992: V923503
1996: V960353
2000: V000419
2004: V043073
2008: V083067
2012: candaff_afrrpc
2016: V161123



VCF0372 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- HOPEFUL
Question
Republican Presidential candidate affect: hopeful
Valid
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven’t felt (1980 only: DK)
Missing
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800114
1984: V840213
1988: V880215
1992: V923502
1996: V960351
2000: V000417
2004: V043071
2008: V083066
2012: candaff_hprpc
2016: V161122



VCF0373 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- PROUD
Question
Republican Presidential candidate affect: proud
Valid
1. Yes, have felt
2. No, haven’t felt (1980 only: DK)
Missing
8. DK (exc. 1980,1984)
9. NA (1984 only: DK)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See general question text and notes for traits preceding VCF0346.
Different traits have been asked in indvidual studies since
1980. A list of Republican presidential candidates since
1980 includes: Ronald Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush 1988,1992;
Bob Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004; John McCain 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800116
1984: V840215
1988: V880217
1992: V923504
1996: V960355
2000: V000421
2004: V043075
2008: V083068
2012: candaff_prdrpc
2016: V161124



VCF0374 LIKES ANYTHING ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. RF; NA
INAP. no Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
question not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720030
1976: V763087
1978: V780090
1980: V800172
1982: V820073
1984: V840266
1986: V860072
1988: V880182
1990: V900074
1992: V923401
1994: V940131
1996: V960325
2000: V000373
2004: V043052
2008: V083045
2012: ptylik_likdp
2016: V161097
2020: V201158
2024: V241169



VCF0375a 1972-2004 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0314, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720031a
1976: V763088
1978: V780091
1980: V800173
1982: V820074
1984: V840267
1986: V860073
1988: V880183
1990: V900075
1992: V923402
1994: V940132
1996: V960326
2000: V000374
2004: V043053a



VCF0375b 1972-2004 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0375a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720031a
1976: V763088
1978: V780091
1980: V800173
1982: V820074
1984: V840267
1986: V860073
1988: V880183
1990: V900075
1992: V923402
1994: V940132
1996: V960326
2000: V000374
2004: V043053a



VCF0375c 1952-1968 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
9987.DK much about party
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520018a
1956: V560015a
1958: V580015a
1960: V600020a
1964: V640021a
1968: V680028a



VCF0375d 1952-1968 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
87.Don’t know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0375c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520018a
1956: V560015a
1958: V580015a
1960: V600020a
1964: V640021a
1968: V680028a



VCF0376a 1972-2004 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374;
form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
questions not administered in assigned half sample
(1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0314, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720031b
1976: V763089
1978: V780092
1980: V800174
1982: V820075
1984: V840268
1986: V860074
1988: V880184
1990: V900076
1992: V923403
1994: V940133
1996: V960327
2000: V000375
2004: V043053b



VCF0376b 1972-2004 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374;
form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
questions not administered in assigned half sample
(1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0376a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720031b
1976: V763089
1978: V780092
1980: V800174
1982: V820075
1984: V840268
1986: V860074
1988: V880184
1990: V900076
1992: V923403
1994: V940133
1996: V960327
2000: V000375
2004: V043053b



VCF0376c 1952-1968 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520018b
1956: V560015b
1958: V580015b
1960: V600020b
1964: V640021b
1968: V680028b



VCF0376d 1952-1968 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0376c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520018b
1956: V560015b
1958: V580015b
1960: V600020b
1964: V640021b
1968: V680028b



VCF0377a 1972-2004 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in
assigned half sample(1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0314, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720031c
1976: V763090
1978: V780093
1980: V800175
1982: V820076
1984: V840269
1986: V860075
1988: V880185
1990: V900077
1992: V923404
1994: V940134
1996: V960328
2000: V000376
2004: V043053c



VCF0377b 1972-2004 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0377a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720031c
1976: V763090
1978: V780093
1980: V800175
1982: V820076
1984: V840269
1986: V860075
1988: V880185
1990: V900077
1992: V923404
1994: V940134
1996: V960328
2000: V000376
2004: V043053c



VCF0377c 1952-1968 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520018c
1956: V560015c
1958: V580015c
1960: V600020c
1964: V640021c
1968: V680028c



VCF0377d 1952-1968 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0377c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520018c
1956: V560015c
1958: V580015c
1960: V600020c
1964: V640021c
1968: V680028c



VCF0378a 1972-2004 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0314, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763091
1978: V780094
1980: V800176
1982: V820077
1984: V840270
1986: V860076
1988: V880186
1990: V900078
1992: V923405
1994: V940135
1996: V960329
2000: V000377
2004: V043053d



VCF0378b 1972-2004 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0378a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763091
1978: V780094
1980: V800176
1982: V820077
1984: V840270
1986: V860076
1988: V880186
1990: V900078
1992: V923405
1994: V940135
1996: V960329
2000: V000377
2004: V043053d



VCF0378c 1952-1968 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520018d
1956: V560015d
1958: V580015d
1960: V600020d
1964: V640021d
1968: V680028d



VCF0378d 1952-1968 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0378c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520018d
1956: V560015d
1958: V580015d
1960: V600020d
1964: V640021d
1968: V680028d



VCF0379a 1972-2004 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0314, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763092
1978: V780095
1980: V800177
1982: V820078
1984: V840271
1986: V860077
1988: V880187
1990: V900079
1992: V923406
1994: V940136
1996: V960330
2000: V000378
2004: V043053e



VCF0379b 1972-2004 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0379a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763092
1978: V780095
1980: V800177
1982: V820078
1984: V840271
1986: V860077
1988: V880187
1990: V900079
1992: V923406
1994: V940136
1996: V960330
2000: V000378
2004: V043053e



VCF0379c 1952-1968 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0314.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520018e
1956: V560015e
1958: V580015e
1960: V600020e
1964: V640021e
1968: V680028e



VCF0379d 1952-1968 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0374; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0379c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520018e
1956: V560015e
1958: V580015e
1960: V600020e
1964: V640021e
1968: V680028e



VCF0380 DISLIKES ANYTHING ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. RF; NA
INAP. no Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990); question
not dministered in assigned half sample 1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0315.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720032
1976: V763093
1978: V780096
1980: V800178
1982: V820079
1984: V840272
1986: V860078
1988: V880188
1990: V900080
1992: V923407
1994: V940137
1996: V960331
2000: V000379
2004: V043054
2008: V083047
2012: ptylik_disldp
2016: V161100
2020: V201160
2024: V241171



VCF0381a 1972-2004 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0315.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0315, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720033a
1976: V763094
1978: V780097
1980: V800179
1982: V820080
1984: V840273
1986: V860079
1988: V880189
1990: V900081
1992: V923408
1994: V940138
1996: V960332
2000: V000380
2004: V043055a



VCF0381b 1972-2004 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0381a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720033a
1976: V763094
1978: V780097
1980: V800179
1982: V820080
1984: V840273
1986: V860079
1988: V880189
1990: V900081
1992: V923408
1994: V940138
1996: V960332
2000: V000380
2004: V043055a



VCF0381c 1952-1968 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
9987.DK much about party
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520019a
1956: V560016a
1958: V580016a
1960: V600021a
1964: V640022a
1968: V680029a



VCF0381d 1952-1968 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
87.Don’t know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0381c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520019a
1956: V560016a
1958: V580016a
1960: V600021a
1964: V640022a
1968: V680029a



VCF0382a 1972-2004 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0315.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0315, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720033b
1976: V763095
1978: V780098
1980: V800180
1982: V820081
1984: V840274
1986: V860080
1988: V880190
1990: V900082
1992: V923409
1994: V940139
1996: V960333
2000: V000381
2004: V043055b



VCF0382b 1972-2004 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0382a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720033b
1976: V763095
1978: V780098
1980: V800180
1982: V820081
1984: V840274
1986: V860080
1988: V880190
1990: V900082
1992: V923409
1994: V940139
1996: V960333
2000: V000381
2004: V043055b



VCF0382c 1952-1968 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520019b
1956: V560016b
1958: V580016b
1960: V600021b
1964: V640022b
1968: V680029b



VCF0382d 1952-1968 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0382c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520019b
1956: V560016b
1958: V580016b
1960: V600021b
1964: V640022b
1968: V680029b



VCF0383a 1972-2004 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0315.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0315, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720033c
1976: V763096
1978: V780099
1980: V800181
1982: V820082
1984: V840275
1986: V860081
1988: V880191
1990: V900083
1992: V923410
1994: V940140
1996: V960334
2000: V000382
2004: V043055e



VCF0383b 1972-2004 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0383a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720033c
1976: V763096
1978: V780099
1980: V800181
1982: V820082
1984: V840275
1986: V860081
1988: V880191
1990: V900083
1992: V923410
1994: V940140
1996: V960334
2000: V000382
2004: V043055e



VCF0383c 1952-1968 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520019c
1956: V560016c
1958: V580016c
1960: V600021c
1964: V640022c
1968: V680029c



VCF0383d 1952-1968 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0383c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520019c
1956: V560016c
1958: V580016c
1960: V600021c
1964: V640022c
1968: V680029c



VCF0384a 1972-2004 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0315.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0315, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763097
1978: V780100
1980: V800182
1982: V820083
1984: V840276
1986: V860082
1988: V880192
1990: V900084
1992: V923411
1994: V940141
1996: V960335
2000: V000383
2004: V043055d



VCF0384b 1972-2004 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0384a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763097
1978: V780100
1980: V800182
1982: V820083
1984: V840276
1986: V860082
1988: V880192
1990: V900084
1992: V923411
1994: V940141
1996: V960335
2000: V000383
2004: V043055d



VCF0384c 1952-1968 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520019d
1956: V560016d
1958: V580016d
1960: V600021d
1964: V640022d
1968: V680029d



VCF0384d 1952-1968 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0384c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520019d
1956: V560016d
1958: V580016d
1960: V600021d
1964: V640022d
1968: V680029d



VCF0385a 1972-2004 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0315.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0315, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763098
1978: V780101
1980: V800183
1982: V820084
1984: V840277
1986: V860083
1988: V880193
1990: V900085
1992: V923412
1994: V940142
1996: V960336
2000: V000384
2004: V043055e



VCF0385b 1972-2004 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0385a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763098
1978: V780101
1980: V800183
1982: V820084
1984: V840277
1986: V860083
1988: V880193
1990: V900085
1992: V923412
1994: V940142
1996: V960336
2000: V000384
2004: V043055e



VCF0385c 1952-1968 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520019e
1956: V560016e
1958: V580016e
1960: V600021e
1964: V640022e
1968: V680029e



VCF0385d 1952-1968 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Democratic
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Democratic Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0380; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0385c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520019e
1956: V560016e
1958: V580016e
1960: V600021e
1964: V640022e
1968: V680029e



VCF0386 LIKES ANYTHING ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. RF; NA
INAP. no Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
question not administered in assigned half sample (1996);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0318.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520020
1956: V560017
1958: V580017
1960: V600022
1964: V640023
1968: V680030
1972: V720034
1976: V763099
1978: V780102
1980: V800184
1982: V820085
1984: V840278
1986: V860084
1988: V880194
1990: V900086
1992: V923413
1994: V940143
1996: V960313
2000: V000385
2004: V043056
2008: V083049
2012: ptylik_likrp
2016: V161103
2020: V201162
2024: V241173



VCF0387a 1972-2004 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0318.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0318, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720035a
1976: V763100
1978: V780103
1980: V800185
1982: V820092
1984: V840279
1986: V860085
1988: V880195
1990: V900087
1992: V923414
1994: V940144
1996: V960314
2000: V000392
2004: V043057a



VCF0387b 1972-2004 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0387a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720035a
1976: V763100
1978: V780103
1980: V800185
1982: V820092
1984: V840279
1986: V860085
1988: V880195
1990: V900087
1992: V923414
1994: V940144
1996: V960314
2000: V000392
2004: V043057a



VCF0387c 1952-1968 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
9987.DK much about party
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520020a
1956: V560017a
1958: V580017a
1960: V600022a
1964: V640023a
1968: V680030a



VCF0387d 1952-1968 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
87.Don’t know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0387c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520020a
1956: V560017a
1958: V580017a
1960: V600022a
1964: V640023a
1968: V680030a



VCF0388a 1972-2004 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0318.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0318, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720035b
1976: V763101
1978: V780104
1980: V800186
1982: V820086
1984: V840280
1986: V860086
1988: V880196
1990: V900088
1992: V923415
1994: V940145
1996: V960315
2000: V000387
2004: V043057b



VCF0388b 1972-2004 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0388a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720035b
1976: V763101
1978: V780104
1980: V800186
1982: V820086
1984: V840280
1986: V860086
1988: V880196
1990: V900088
1992: V923415
1994: V940145
1996: V960315
2000: V000387
2004: V043057b



VCF0388c 1952-1968 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520020b
1956: V560017b
1958: V580017b
1960: V600022b
1964: V640023b
1968: V680030b



VCF0388d 1952-1968 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0388c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520020b
1956: V560017b
1958: V580017b
1960: V600022b
1964: V640023b
1968: V680030b



VCF0389a 1972-2004 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0318.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0318, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720035c
1976: V763102
1978: V780105
1980: V800187
1982: V820088
1984: V840281
1986: V860087
1988: V881097
1990: V900089
1992: V923416
1994: V940146
1996: V960316
2000: V000388
2004: V043057c



VCF0389b 1972-2004 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0389a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720035c
1976: V763102
1978: V780105
1980: V800187
1982: V820088
1984: V840281
1986: V860087
1988: V881097
1990: V900089
1992: V923416
1994: V940146
1996: V960316
2000: V000388
2004: V043057c



VCF0389c 1952-1968 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520020c
1956: V560017c
1958: V580017c
1960: V600022c
1964: V640023c
1968: V680030c



VCF0389d 1952-1968 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0389c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520020c
1956: V560017c
1958: V580017c
1960: V600022c
1964: V640023c
1968: V680030c



VCF0390a 1972-2004 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0318.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0318, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763103
1978: V780106
1980: V800188
1982: V820089
1984: V840282
1986: V860088
1988: V880198
1990: V900090
1992: V923417
1994: V940147
1996: V960317
2000: V000389
2004: V043057d



VCF0390b 1972-2004 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0390a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763103
1978: V780106
1980: V800188
1982: V820089
1984: V840282
1986: V860088
1988: V880198
1990: V900090
1992: V923417
1994: V940147
1996: V960317
2000: V000389
2004: V043057d



VCF0390c 1952-1968 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520020d
1956: V560017d
1958: V580017d
1960: V600022d
1964: V640023d
1968: V680030d



VCF0390d 1952-1968 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0390c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520020d
1956: V560017d
1958: V580017d
1960: V600022d
1964: V640023d
1968: V680030d



VCF0391a 1972-2004 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0318.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0318, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763104
1978: V780107
1980: V800189
1982: V820090
1984: V840283
1986: V860089
1988: V880199
1990: V900091
1992: V923418
1994: V940148
1996: V960318
2000: V000390
2004: V043057e



VCF0391b 1972-2004 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0391a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763104
1978: V780107
1980: V800189
1982: V820090
1984: V840283
1986: V860089
1988: V880199
1990: V900091
1992: V923418
1994: V940148
1996: V960318
2000: V000390
2004: V043057e



VCF0391c 1952-1968 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520020e
1956: V560017e
1958: V580017e
1960: V600022e
1964: V640023e
1968: V680030e



VCF0391d 1952-1968 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0386; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0391c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520020e
1956: V560017e
1958: V580017e
1960: V600022e
1964: V640023e
1968: V680030e



VCF0392 DISLIKES ANYTHING ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. RF; NA
INAP. no Pre IW; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
question not administered in assigned half sample (1996);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0319.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720036
1976: V763105
1978: V780108
1980: V800190
1982: V820091
1984: V840284
1986: V860090
1988: V880200
1990: V900092
1992: V923419
1994: V940149
1996: V960319
2000: V000391
2004: V043058
2008: V083051
2012: ptylik_dislrp
2016: V161106
2020: V201164
2024: V241175



VCF0393a 1972-2004 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0319.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0319, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720037a
1976: V763106
1978: V780109
1980: V800191
1982: V820092
1984: V840285
1986: V860091
1988: V880201
1990: V900093
1992: V923420
1994: V940150
1996: V960320
2000: V000392
2004: V043059a



VCF0393b 1972-2004 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972); form B (1986); form A (1990);
questions not administered in assigned half sample (1996); question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0393a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720037a
1976: V763106
1978: V780109
1980: V800191
1982: V820092
1984: V840285
1986: V860091
1988: V880201
1990: V900093
1992: V923420
1994: V940150
1996: V960320
2000: V000392
2004: V043059a



VCF0393c 1952-1968 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
9987.DK much about party
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520021a
1956: V560018a
1958: V580018a
1960: V600023a
1964: V640024a
1968: V680031a



VCF0393d 1952-1968 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
87.Don’t know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0393c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520021a
1956: V560018a
1958: V580018a
1960: V600023a
1964: V640024a
1968: V680031a



VCF0394a 1972-2004 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0319.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0319, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720037b
1976: V763107
1978: V780110
1980: V800192
1982: V820093
1984: V840286
1986: V860092
1988: V880202
1990: V900094
1992: V923421
1994: V940151
1996: V960321
2000: V000393
2004: V043059b



VCF0394b 1972-2004 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0394a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720037b
1976: V763107
1978: V780110
1980: V800192
1982: V820093
1984: V840286
1986: V860092
1988: V880202
1990: V900094
1992: V923421
1994: V940151
1996: V960321
2000: V000393
2004: V043059b



VCF0394c 1952-1968 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520021b
1956: V560018b
1958: V580018b
1960: V600023b
1964: V640024b
1968: V680031b



VCF0394d 1952-1968 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0394c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520021b
1956: V560018b
1958: V580018b
1960: V600023b
1964: V640024b
1968: V680031b



VCF0395a 1972-2004 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0319.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0319, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720037c
1976: V763108
1978: V780111
1980: V800193
1982: V820094
1984: V840287
1986: V860093
1988: V880203
1990: V900095
1992: V923422
1994: V940152
1996: V960322
2000: V000394
2004: V043059c



VCF0395b 1972-2004 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0395a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720037c
1976: V763108
1978: V780111
1980: V800193
1982: V820094
1984: V840287
1986: V860093
1988: V880203
1990: V900095
1992: V923422
1994: V940152
1996: V960322
2000: V000394
2004: V043059c



VCF0395c 1952-1968 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520021c
1956: V560018c
1958: V580018c
1960: V600023c
1964: V640024c
1968: V680031c



VCF0395d 1952-1968 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0395c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520021c
1956: V560018c
1958: V580018c
1960: V600023c
1964: V640024c
1968: V680031c



VCF0396a 1972-2004 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0319.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0319, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763109
1978: V780112
1980: V800194
1982: V820095
1984: V840288
1986: V860094
1988: V880204
1990: V900096
1992: V923423
1994: V940153
1996: V960323
2000: V000395
2004: V043059d



VCF0396b 1972-2004 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0396a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763109
1978: V780112
1980: V800194
1982: V820095
1984: V840288
1986: V860094
1988: V880204
1990: V900096
1992: V923423
1994: V940153
1996: V960323
2000: V000395
2004: V043059d



VCF0396c 1952-1968 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520021d
1956: V560018d
1958: V580018d
1960: V600023d
1964: V640024d
1968: V680031d



VCF0396d 1952-1968 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0396c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520021d
1956: V560018d
1958: V580018d
1960: V600023d
1964: V640024d
1968: V680031d



VCF0397a 1972-2004 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0319.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972 AND LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0319, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763110
1978: V780113
1980: V800195
1982: V820096
1984: V840289
1986: V860095
1988: V880205
1990: V900097
1992: V923424
1994: V940154
1996: V960324
2000: V000396
2004: V043059e



VCF0397b 1972-2004 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; form II (1972);
form B (1986); form A (1990); questions not administered in assigned
half sample (1996); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0397a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763110
1978: V780113
1980: V800195
1982: V820096
1984: V840289
1986: V860095
1988: V880205
1990: V900097
1992: V923424
1994: V940154
1996: V960324
2000: V000396
2004: V043059e



VCF0397c 1952-1968 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
0011-9980
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520021e
1956: V560018e
1958: V580018e
1960: V600023e
1964: V640024e
1968: V680031e



VCF0397d 1952-1968 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PARTY COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular that you don’t like about the Republican
party?
What is that? Anything else [you don’t like about the Republican Party]?
Valid
01. People within party
02. Government management
03. Government activity, government philosophy
04. Domestic policies, welfare and economic
05. Domestic policies, other
06. Foreign policy
07. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
08. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
09. General party attitudes/responses
10. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0392; no Pre IW
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0397c.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520021e
1956: V560018e
1958: V580018e
1960: V600023e
1964: V640024e
1968: V680031e



VCF0401 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND: RESPONDENT LIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Now I’d like to ask you about the good and bad points of the two
(1996 and later: ‘the major’) candidates for President.
Is there anything in particular about [Democratic presidential
candidate] that might make you want to vote for him? What is that?
Anything else?
Valid
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four positive mentions (likes)
5. Five positive mentions (likes)
Missing
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form or wave. Rs
who responded ‘no’ to ‘Is there anything in particular that you
like about [Democratic Presidential candidate]?’ have been coded
here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in response have also been
coded here as 0 mentions. In addition, Rs who responded ‘yes’
BUT who provided no mentions (DK or NA in first mention) have
been coded 0. Democratic Presidential Candidates: Stevenson 1952,
1956; Kennedy 1960; Johnson 1964; Humphrey 1968; McGovern 1972;
Carter 1976,1980; Mondale 1984; Dukakis 1988; Clinton 1992, 1996;
Gore 2000; Kerry 2004.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized (‘likes’ always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2004 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520027
1956: V560019
1960: V600024
1964: V640025
1968: V680032
1972: V720039
1976: V763112,V763113,V763114,V763115,V763116
1980: V800102,V800103,V800104,V800105,V800106
1984: V840094,V840095,V840096,V840097,V840098
1988: V880116,V880117,V880118,V880119,V880120
1992: V923122,V923123,V923124,V923125,V923126
1996: V960206,V960207,V960208,V960209,V960210
2000: V000306,V000307,V000308,V000309,V000310
2004: V043011



VCF0402 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND: RESPONDENT DISLIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Is there anything in particular about [Democratic presidential
candidate] that might make you want to vote against him?
What is that? Anything else?
Valid
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four negative mentions (dislikes)
5. Five negative mentions (dislikes)
Missing
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form or wave.
Rs who responded ‘no’ to ‘Is there anything in particular that
you don’t like about [Democratic Presidential candidate]?’ have
been coded here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in response
have also been coded here as 0 mentions. In addition, Rs who
responded ‘yes’ BUT who provided no mentions (DK or NA in first
mention) have been coded 0. Democratic Presidential Candidates:
Stevenson 1952,1956; Kennedy 1960; Johnson 1964; Humphrey 1968;
McGovern 1972; Carter 1976,1980; Mondale 1984; Dukakis 1988;
Clinton 1992, 1996; Gore 2000.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized (‘likes’ always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2004 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520028
1956: V560020
1960: V600025
1964: V640026
1968: V680033
1972: V720041
1976: V763118,V763119,V763120,V763121,V763122
1980: V800108,V800109,V800110,V800111,V800112
1984: V840100,V840101,V840102,V840103,V840104
1988: V880122,V880123,V880124,V880125,V880126
1992: V923128,V923129,V923130,V923131,V923132
1996: V960212,V960213,V960214,V960215,V960216
2000: V000312,V000313,V000314,V000315,V000316
2004: V043013



VCF0403 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND: AFFECT (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Affect toward Democratic Presidential candidate
Missing
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Democratic presidential candidate ‘likes’
minus the number of Democratic presidential candidate ‘dislikes’
(VCF0401-VCF0402).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0404 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND: SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Salience of Democratic Presidential candidate
Valid
0. Zero mentions
.
.
10. Ten mentions
Missing
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Democratic presidential candidate ‘likes’ plus
the number of Democratic presidential candidate ‘dislikes’
(VCF0401+VCF0402)
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0405 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND: RESPONDENT LIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Now I’d like to ask you about the good and bad points of the two (1996
and later: the major) candidates for President.
Is there anything in particular about [Republican presidential
candidate] that might make you want to vote for him? What is that?
Anything else?
Valid
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four positive mentions (likes)
5. Five positive mentions (likes)
Missing
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form or wave.
Rs who responded ‘no’ to ‘Is there anything in particular that
you like about [Republican Presidential candidate]?’ have been
coded here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in response have
also been coded here as 0 mentions. In addition, Rs who
responded ‘yes’ BUT who provided no mentions (DK or NA in first
mention) have been coded 0. Republican Presidential Candidates:
Eisenhower 1952,1956; Nixon 1960, 1968, 1972; Goldwater 1964;
Ford 1976; Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush Sr. 1988,1992; Dole
1996; George W. Bush 2000,2004.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized (‘likes’ always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2004 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520029
1956: V560021
1960: V600026
1964: V640027
1968: V680034
1972: V720043
1976: V763124,V763125,V763126,V763127,V763128
1980: V800078,V800079,V800080,V800081,V800082
1984: V840082,V840083,V840084,V840085,V840086
1988: V880104,V880105,V880106,V880107,V880108
1992: V923110,V923111,V923112,V923113,V923114
1996: V960218,V960219,V960220,V960221,V960222
2000: V000318,V000319,V000320,V000321,V000322
2004: V043007



VCF0406 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND: RESPONDENT DISLIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Is there anything in particular about [Republican presidential
candidate] that might make you want to vote against him?
What is that? Anything else?
Valid
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four negative mentions (dislikes)
5. Five negative mentions (dislikes)
Missing
9. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Five possible mentions were coded in all original ANES datasets.
MD category 9 comprises cases of systematic question exclusion,
i.e., when a question was not present within a form or wave. Rs
who responded ‘no’ to ‘Is there anything in particular that you
don’t like about [Republican Presidential candidate]?’ have been
coded here as 0 mentions; Rs coded DK or NA in response have also
been coded here as 0 mentions. In addition, Rs who responded
‘yes’ BUT who provided no mentions (DK or NA in first mention)
have been coded 0. Republican Presidential Candidates: Eisenhower
1952,1956; Nixon 1960, 1968, 1972; Goldwater 1964; Ford 1976;
Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush Sr. 1988,1992; Dole 1996; George
W. Bush 2000,2004.
1996 NOTE:
The order in which the set of likes/dislikes questions was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized (‘likes’ always preceding
dislikes).
2000 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2004 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520030
1956: V560022
1960: V600027
1964: V640028
1968: V680035
1972: V720045
1976: V763130,V763131,V763132,V763133,V763134
1980: V800084,V800085,V800086,V800087,V800088
1984: V840088,V840089,V840090,V840091,V840092
1988: V880110,V880111,V880112,V880113,V880114
1992: V923116,V923117,V923118,V923119,V923120
1996: V960224,V960225,V960226,V960027,V960228
2000: V000324,V000325,V000326,V000327,V000328
2004: V043009



VCF0407 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND: AFFECT (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Affect toward Republican Presidential candidate
Missing
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Republican presidential candidate ‘likes’ minus
the number of Republican presidential candidate ‘dislikes’
(VCF0405-VCF0406).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0408 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND: SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Salience of Republican Presidential candidate
Valid
0. Zero mentions
.
.
10. Ten mentions
Missing
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Republican presidential candidate ‘likes’
plus the number of Republican presidential candidate ‘dislikes’
(VCF0405+VCF0406).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0409 PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES: AFFECT (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Net affect toward Major party Presidential candidates
Missing
999. No Pre IW; form II (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The net affect toward major party presidential candidates is the
difference between two sums: the sum of Democratic presidential
candidate ‘likes’ and Republican presidential candidate ‘dislikes’
MINUS the sum of Democratic presidential candidate ‘dislikes’ and
Republican presidential candidate ‘likes:’
[VCF0401+VCF0406] - [VCF0402+VCF0405],
which is the same as: VCF0403-VCF0407.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0410 PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES: SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Major party Presidential candidate salience
Valid
0. Zero mentions
.
.
20. Twenty mentions
Missing
99. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Major party presidential candidate salience is the sum of all ‘likes’
and ‘dislikes’ about both the Democratic and Republican presidential
candidates: [VCF0401+VCF0402 + VCF0405+VCF0406]
which is the same as: VCF0404+VCF0408.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0411 PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES: RELATIVE SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Major party relative salience of Presidential candidates
Missing
999. No Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Relative salience of major party presidential candidates is the sum of
‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’ about the Democratic presidential candidate
MINUS the sum of ‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’ about the Republican
presidential candidate: [VCF0401+VCF0402] - [VCF0405+VCF0406]
which is the same as: VCF0404-VCF0408
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0412 THERMOMETER AVERAGE - PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES
Question
Thermometers– both Major party Presidential candidates
Valid
0-97Degrees.
Missing
98. DK/don’t recognize in VCF0424 or VCF0426
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0424 and VCF0426 as: (VCF0424+VCF0426)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2020: VCF0424, VCF0426



VCF0413 THERMOMETER INDEX - PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES
Question
Major party Presidential candidate thermometer index
Valid
2. Most Republican
.
50. Neutral
.
99. Most Democratic
Missing
998. DK/don’t recognize in VCF0424 or VCF0426
999. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0424 and VCF0426 as: (VCF0424-VCF0426 +100)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2020: VCF0424, VCF0426



VCF0414 THERMOMETER AVERAGE - VICE-PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES
Question
Thermometers– both Major party vice-Presidential candidates
Valid
0-97Degrees.
Missing
98. DK/don’t recognize in VCF0425 or VCF0427
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0425 and VCF0427 as: (VCF0425+VCF0427)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2020: VCF0424, VCF0426



VCF0415 THERMOMETER INDEX - VICE-PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES
Question
Major party vice-Presidential candidate thermometer index
Valid
2. Most Republican
.
50. Neutral
.
99. Most Democratic
Missing
998. DK/don’t recognize in VCF0425 or VCF0427
999. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0425 and VCF0427 as: (VCF0425-VCF0427 +100)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2020: VCF0424, VCF0426



Question
POLITICAL FIGURE THERMOMETER INTRO

1968-1974:
(1968,1972: As you know, there were many people mentioned this past year
as possible candidates for President [1972: or Vice-President] by the
political parties.)
(1970: Several political leaders have already been mentioned as possible
candidates for President in 1972.)
(1968-1972: We would like to get your feelings toward some of these
people.)
(1974: Now I’d like to get your feelings toward some of our political
leaders and other people who are in the news these days.)
I have here a card on which there is something that looks like a
thermometer. We call it a “feeling thermometer” because it measures
your feelings toward these people. (1968: You probably remember that we
used something like this in our earlier interview with you.)
Here’s how it works. If you don’t feel particularly warm or cold toward
a person, then you should place him in the middle of the thermometer, at
the 50 degree mark. If you have a warm feeling toward him or feel
favorably toward him, you would give him a score somewhere between 50
degrees and 100 degrees. (1968-1970 only: depending on how warm your
feeling is toward that person). On the other hand, if you don’t feel
very favorably toward a person–that is, if you don’t care for him too
much–then you would place him somewhere between 0 degrees and 50
degrees. Of course, if you don’t know too much about a person, just tell
me and we’ll go on to the next name.
1976:
As you know, many people were mentioned this year as possible candidates
for president or vice-president by the political parties. We would like
to get your feelings toward some of these people.
I’ll read the name of each person and I’d like you to rate that person
with what we call a feeling thermometer. Ratings between 50 and 100
degrees mean that you feel favorably and warm toward the person, ratings
between 0 and 50 degrees mean that you don’t feel favorably towards the
person and that you don’t care too much for that person. If you don’t
feel particularly warm or cold toward a person you would rate them at 50
degrees. If we come to a person you don’t know much about, just tell me
and we’ll move on to the next one.
1978-LATER:
I’d like to get your feelings toward some of our political leaders and
other people who are in the news these days (1990: have been in the
news). I’ll read the name of a person and I’d like you to rate that
person using (1986-LATER: something we call) the feeling thermometer.
Ratings between 50 and 100 (1986-LATER: degrees) mean that you feel
favorably and warm toward the person; ratings between 0 and 50 degrees
mean that you don’t feel favorably toward the person and that you don’t
care too much for that person. (1986-LATER: You would rate the person
at the 50 degree mark if you don’t feel particularly warm or cold toward
the person.) If we come to a person whose name you don’t recognize, you
don’t need to rate that person. Just tell me and we’ll move on to the
next one. (1978-1984: If you do recognize the name, but you don’t feel
particularly warm or cold toward the person, then you would rate the
person at the 50 degree mark.)
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For study years where the same thermometer appeared in both the Pre and
Post, the Pre data are used.
1968 NOTE:
“Don’t know”s were coded 50 on thermometers; groups about which the
respondent “didn’t know much” were also placed at 50 degrees. The 50
degree mark was labeled “50 degrees; no feeling”.
1970 NOTE:
The order of names read varied by form.
1996 NOTE:
The order of thermometers for all individuals except Presidential
candidates was randomized.
1998 NOTE:
The order of thermometers for all individuals except the President
(first thermometer) was randomized.
2000 NOTE:
same as 1998
2002 NOTE:
Individual thermometers were administered in one of two possible
orders, following President (first thermometer).
2004 NOTE:
The order of thermometers for all individuals except the president
(first thermometer) and Ronald Reagan, in retrospect (as the last/
14th thermometer) was randomized. Overall randomization was devised
as a set of consecutive subrandomizations; major presidental candidates
thermometers other than then incumbent president were randomly
administered as the 2nd-3rd names, follwed by other political figures
as the 4th-11th randomized thermometers. Thermometers for the major
parties were randomly administered in the 12th-13th positions.



VCF0424 THERMOMETER - DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE
Question
Democratic Presidential candidate thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968); don’t recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Democratic Presidential candidates: Humphrey 1968; McGovern 1972;
Carter 1976,1980; Mondale 1984; Dukakis 1988; Bill Clinton 1992,
1996; Gore 2000; Kerry 2004; Obama 2008,2012; Hillary Clinton 2016
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680480
1972: V720255
1976: V763299
1980: V800155
1984: V840290
1988: V880154
1992: V923305
1996: V960273
2000: V000361
2004: V043038
2008: V083037b
2012: ft_rpc
2016: V161086
2020: V201151
2024: V241156



VCF0425 THERMOMETER - DEMOCRATIC VICE-PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE
Question
Democratic vice-presidential candidate thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968); don’t recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW; ; interview conducted before VP candidate selection
(2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Democratic Vice-Presidential candidates: Muskie 1968; Shriver 1972;
Mondale 1976,1980; Ferraro 1984; Bentsen 1988; Gore 1992,1996;
Lieberman 2000; Edwards 2004; Biden 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680487
1972: V720266
1976: V763308
1980: V800161
1984: V840304
1988: V880159
1992: V923309
1996: V960275
2000: V000366
2004: V043042
2008: V083039a
2012: ft_dvpc
2016: V161090
2020: V201153
2024: V241165



VCF0426 THERMOMETER - REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE
Question
Republican Presidential candidate thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968); don’t recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Republican Presidential candidates: Nixon 1968,1972; Ford 1976; Reagan
1980,1984; George Bush Sr. 1988,1992; Dole 1996; George W. Bush
2000,2004; McCain 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680480
1972: V720255
1976: V763299
1980: V800155
1984: V840290
1988: V880154
1992: V923305
1996: V960273
2000: V000361
2004: V043038
2008: V083037b
2012: ft_rpc
2016: V161087
2020: V201152
2024: V241157



VCF0427 THERMOMETER - REPUBLICAN VICE-PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE
Question
Republican vice-presidential candidate thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968); don’t recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW; interview conducted before VP candidate selection (2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Republican Vice-Presidential candidates: Agnew 1968,1972; Dole 1976;
George Bush Sr. 1980,1984; Quayle 1988,1992; Kemp 1996; Cheney
2000,2004; Palin 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680488
1972: V720265
1976: V763312
1980: V800162
1984: V840292
1988: V880160
1992: V923308
1996: V960276
2000: V000367
2004: V043041
2008: V083039b
2012: ft_rvpc
2016: V161091
2020: V201154
2024: V241164



VCF0428 THERMOMETER - U.S. PRESIDENT
Question
President thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968); don’t recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Presidents: Johnson 1968; Nixon 1970,1972; Ford 1974,1976; Carter 1978,
1980; Reagan 1982,1984,1986,1988; George Bush Sr. 1990,1992; Clinton
1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680484
1970: V700231(type 0)
1972: V720255
1974: V742339
1976: V763299
1978: V780137
1980: V800154
1982: V820123
1984: V840290
1986: V860130
1988: V880158
1990: V900134
1992: V923305
1994: V940223
1996: V960272
1998: V980238
2000: V000359
2002: V023010
2004: V043038
2008: V083036
2012: ft_dpc
2016: V161092
2024: V241158



VCF0429 THERMOMETER - VICE-PRESIDENT
Question
Vice-president thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968); don’t recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Vice-Presidents: Humphrey 1968; Agnew 1970,1972; Rockefeller 1974,1976;
Mondale 1978,1980; George Bush Sr. 1982,1984,1986,1988; Quayle 1990,
1992; Gore 1994,1996,1998,2000; Cheney 2002,2004.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680479
1970: V700237(type 0)
1972: V720265
1974: V742342
1976: V763304
1978: V780143
1980: V800161
1982: V820135
1984: V840292
1986: V860144
1988: V880154
1990: V900137
1992: V923308
1994: V940227
1996: V960275
1998: V980243
2000: V000360
2002: V023011
2004: V043041
2012: ft_dvpc
2024: V241156



VCF0432 THERMOMETER - HUBERT HUMPHREY
Question
Hubert Humphrey – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680479
1970: V700230(type 0)
1972: V720264
1974: V742352
1976: V763300



VCF0433 THERMOMETER - TED KENNEDY
Question
Ted Kennedy – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700235(type 0)
1972: V720258
1974: V742347
1976: V763302
1978: V780140
1980: V800156
1982: V820124
1984: V840299
1988: V880157



VCF0434 THERMOMETER - EUGENE MCCARTHY
Question
Eugene Mccarthy – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680481
1970: V700238(type 0)
1976: V763311



VCF0435 THERMOMETER - GEORGE MCGOVERN
Question
George Mcgovern – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700236(type 0)
1972: V720254
1976: V763309
1980: V800165
1984: V840300



VCF0436 THERMOMETER - WALTER MONDALE
Question
Walter Mondale – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize (1978 and later)
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1974: V742353
1976: V763308
1978: V780143
1980: V800161
1982: V820136
1984: V840301



VCF0437 THERMOMETER - EDMUND MUSKIE
Question
Edmund Muskie – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680487
1970: V700234(type 0)
1972: V720257



VCF0438 THERMOMETER - GEORGE BUSH SR.
Question
George Bush Sr. – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800162
1982: V820135
1984: V840292
1986: V860144
1988: V880154
1990: V900134
1992: V923305
2000: V001297



VCF0439 THERMOMETER - GEORGE WALLACE
Question
George Wallace – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968); don’t recognize (1978 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680478
1970: V700229(type 0)
1972: V720253
1974: V742338
1976: V763297
1978: V780136
1980: V800166



VCF0440 THERMOMETER - SPIRO AGNEW
Question
Spiro Agnew – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680488
1970: V700237(type 0)
1972: V720265



VCF0441 THERMOMETER - GERALD FORD
Question
Gerald Ford – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize (1978 and later)
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1974: V742339
1976: V763299
1978: V780138
1980: V800158
1984: V840295



VCF0442 THERMOMETER - RICHARD NIXON
Question
Richard Nixon – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968); don’t recognize (1978 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680480
1970: V700231(type 0)
1972: V720255
1974: V742354
1976: V763307
1978: V780142
1980: V800167
1982: V820137
1984: V840302



VCF0443 THERMOMETER - RONALD REAGAN
Question
(2004: And finally, in retrospect,) Ronald Reagan – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968); don’t recognize (1978 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680482
1970: V700233(type 0)
1976: V763301
1978: V780139
1980: V800155
1982: V820123
1984: V840290
1986: V860130
1988: V880158
1990: V900138
2004: V043051



VCF0444 THERMOMETER - NELSON ROCKEFELLER
Question
Nelson Rockefeller – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK (exc.1968)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680483
1974: V742342
1976: V763304



VCF0445 THERMOMETER - ROBERT DOLE
Question
Robert Dole – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize (1984,1986,1988,1994,1996)
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763312
1984: V840294
1986: V860140
1988: V880152
1994: V940225
1996: V960273



VCF0446 THERMOMETER - JIMMY CARTER
Question
Jimmy Carter – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize (1978 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763298
1978: V780137
1980: V800154
1982: V820122
1984: V840293
1988: V880595



VCF0447 THERMOMETER - BILL CLINTON
Question
Bill Clinton – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923306
1994: V940223
1996: V960272
1998: V980238
2000: V000359
2002: V023015
2004: V043045
2008: V083041
2016: V161093



VCF0448 THERMOMETER - AL GORE
Question
Al Gore – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923309
1994: V940227
1996: V960275
1998: V980243
2000: V000360
2002: V023012



VCF0449 THERMOMETER - ROSS PEROT
Question
Ross Perot – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923307
1994: V940224
1996: V960274



VCF0450 APPROVE OF PRESIDENT PERFORMANCE
Question
Do you approve or disapprove of the way that [the president] is
handling his/her job as President?
Valid
1. Approve
2. Disapprove
8. DK
Missing
0. NA; RF; form II (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1984 NOTE:
This var appeared in both the pre and post; Pre data are included.
1988 NOTE:
same as 1984
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720046
1974: V742157
1976: V763135
1978: V780441
1980: V800062
1982: V820065
1984: V840258
1986: V860096
1988: V880140
1990: V900098
1992: V923319
1994: V940201
1996: V960295
1998: V980216
2000: V000339
2002: V023005
2004: V043024
2008: V083028
2012: presapp_job
2016: V161082
2020: V201127
2024: V241134



VCF0451 STRENGTH APPROVE/DISAPPROVE PRESIDENT PERFORMANCE
Question
Do you approve or disapprove of the way that [the president] is
handling his/her job as President?
Do you (approve/disapprove) {of the president’s performance} strongly
or not strongly?
Valid
1. Approve, strongly
2. Approve, not strongly
3. Disapprove, not strongly
4. Disapprove, strongly
8. DK
Missing
0. NA; RF; form II (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1984 NOTE:
This var appeared in both the pre and post; Pre data are included.
1988 NOTE:
same as 1984
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800063
1982: V820066
1984: V840259
1986: V860097
1988: V880141
1990: V900099
1992: V923320
1994: V940202
1996: V960296
1998: V980217
2000: V000341
2002: V023006x
2004: V043025
2008: V083028a
2012: presapp_job_x
2016: V161082x,V161082,V161082a
2020: V201128
2024: V241135



VCF0471 THERMOMETER - HILLARY CLINTON
Question
Hillary Clinton – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923313
1994: V940229
1996: V960281
1998: V980259
2000: V000368
2002: V023020
2004: V043044
2008: V083040
2012: ft_hclinton
2016: V161086



VCF0472 THERMOMETER - PAT BUCHANAN
Question
Pat Buchanan – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923315
1996: V960282
1998: V980249
2000: V000362



VCF0473 THERMOMETER - DAN QUAYLE
Question
Dan Quayle – thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0424.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880160
1990: V900137
1992: V923308
1994: V940226
1998: V980246



VCF0475 LIKES ANYTHING ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; RF
INAP. no Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720038
1976: V763111
1980: V800101
1984: V840093
1988: V880115
1992: V923121
1996: V960205
2000: V000305
2004: V043010
2008: V083008
2012: candlik_likdpc
2016: V161068
2020: V201106
2024: V241109



VCF0476a 1972-2004 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see
VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0401, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720039a
1976: V763112
1980: V800102
1984: V840094
1988: V880116
1992: V923122
1996: V960206
2000: V000306
2004: V043011a



VCF0476b 1972-2004 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see
VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0476a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720039a
1976: V763112
1980: V800102
1984: V840094
1988: V880116
1992: V923122
1996: V960206
2000: V000306
2004: V043011a



VCF0476c 1952-1968 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
9987.Don’t know much about candidate
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520027a
1956: V560019a
1960: V600024a
1964: V640025a
1968: V680032a



VCF0476d 1952-1968 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
87.Don’t know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0476c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520027a
1956: V560019a
1960: V600024a
1964: V640025a
1968: V680032a



VCF0477a 1972-2004 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0401, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720039b
1976: V763113
1980: V800103
1984: V840095
1988: V880117
1992: V923123
1996: V960213
2000: V000307
2004: V043011b



VCF0477b 1972-2004 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0477a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720039b
1976: V763113
1980: V800103
1984: V840095
1988: V880117
1992: V923123
1996: V960213
2000: V000307
2004: V043011b



VCF0477c 1952-1968 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520027b
1956: V560019b
1960: V600024b
1964: V640025b
1968: V680032b



VCF0477d 1952-1968 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0477c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520027b
1956: V560019b
1960: V600024b
1964: V640025b
1968: V680032b



VCF0478a 1972-2004 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0401, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720039c
1976: V763114
1980: V800104
1984: V840096
1988: V880118
1992: V923124
1996: V960208
2000: V000308
2004: V043011c



VCF0478b 1972-2004 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0478a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720039c
1976: V763114
1980: V800104
1984: V840096
1988: V880118
1992: V923124
1996: V960208
2000: V000308
2004: V043011c



VCF0478c 1952-1968 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520027c
1956: V560019c
1960: V600024c
1964: V640025c
1968: V680032c



VCF0478d 1952-1968 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0478c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520027c
1956: V560019c
1960: V600024c
1964: V640025c
1968: V680032c



VCF0479a 1972-2004 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0401, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763115
1980: V800105
1984: V840097
1988: V880119
1992: V923125
1996: V960209
2000: V000309
2004: V043011d



VCF0479b 1972-2004 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0479a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763115
1980: V800105
1984: V840097
1988: V880119
1992: V923125
1996: V960209
2000: V000309
2004: V043011d



VCF0479c 1952-1968 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475;
no Pre IW; question not used
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520027d
1956: V560019d
1960: V600024d
1964: V640025d
1968: V680032d



VCF0479d 1952-1968 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0479c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520027d
1956: V560019d
1960: V600024d
1964: V640025d
1968: V680032d



VCF0480a 1972-2004 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0401, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763116
1980: V800106
1984: V840098
1988: V880120
1992: V923126
1996: V960210
2000: V000310
2004: V043011e



VCF0480b 1972-2004 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0480a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763116
1980: V800106
1984: V840098
1988: V880120
1992: V923126
1996: V960210
2000: V000310
2004: V043011e



VCF0480c 1952-1968 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475;
no Pre IW; question not used
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0401.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520027e
1956: V560019e
1960: V600024e
1964: V640025e
1968: V680032e



VCF0480d 1952-1968 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0475; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0480c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520027e
1956: V560019e
1960: V600024e
1964: V640025e
1968: V680032e



VCF0481 DISLIKES ANYTHING ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; RF
INAP. no Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.
2008 NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720040
1976: V763117
1980: V800107
1984: V840099
1988: V880121
1992: V923127
1996: V960211
2000: V000311
2004: V043012
2008: V083010
2012: candlik_disldpc
2016: V161071
2020: V201108
2024: V241111



VCF0482a 1972-2004 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see
VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0402, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720041a
1976: V763118
1980: V800108
1984: V840100
1988: V880122
1992: V923128
1996: V960212
2000: V000312
2004: V043013a



VCF0482b 1972-2004 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see
VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0482a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720041a
1976: V763118
1980: V800108
1984: V840100
1988: V880122
1992: V923128
1996: V960212
2000: V000312
2004: V043013a



VCF0482c 1952-1968 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Missing
9987.Don’t know much about candidate
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0481; no Pre IW; question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520028a
1956: V560020a
1960: V600025a
1964: V640026a
1968: V680033a



VCF0482d 1952-1968 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
87.Don’t know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0481; no Pre IW; question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0482c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520028a
1956: V560020a
1960: V600025a
1964: V640026a
1968: V680033a



VCF0483a 1972-2004 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0402, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720041b
1976: V763119
1980: V800109
1984: V840101
1988: V880123
1992: V923129
1996: V960213
2000: V000313
2004: V043013b



VCF0483b 1972-2004 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0483a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720041b
1976: V763119
1980: V800109
1984: V840101
1988: V880123
1992: V923129
1996: V960213
2000: V000313
2004: V043013b



VCF0483c 1952-1968 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481;
no Pre IW; question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520028b
1956: V560020b
1960: V600025b
1964: V640026b
1968: V680033b



VCF0483d 1952-1968 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0483c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520028b
1956: V560020b
1960: V600025b
1964: V640026b
1968: V680033b



VCF0484a 1972-2004 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0402, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720041c
1976: V763120
1980: V800110
1984: V840102
1988: V880124
1992: V923130
1996: V960214
2000: V000314
2004: V043013c



VCF0484b 1972-2004 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0484a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720041c
1976: V763120
1980: V800110
1984: V840102
1988: V880124
1992: V923130
1996: V960214
2000: V000314
2004: V043013c



VCF0484c 1952-1968 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520028c
1956: V560020c
1960: V600025c
1964: V640026c
1968: V680033c



VCF0484d 1952-1968 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0484c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520028c
1956: V560020c
1960: V600025c
1964: V640026c
1968: V680033c



VCF0485a 1972-2004 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0402, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763121
1980: V800111
1984: V840103
1988: V880125
1992: V923131
1996: V960215
2000: V000315
2004: V043013d



VCF0485b 1972-2004 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0485a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763121
1980: V800111
1984: V840103
1988: V880125
1992: V923131
1996: V960215
2000: V000315
2004: V043013d



VCF0485c 1952-1968 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520028d
1956: V560020d
1960: V600025d
1964: V640026d
1968: V680033d



VCF0485d 1952-1968 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0485c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520028d
1956: V560020d
1960: V600025d
1964: V640026d
1968: V680033d



VCF0486a 1972-2004 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0402, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763122
1980: V800112
1984: V840104
1988: V880126
1992: V923132
1996: V960216
2000: V000316
2004: V043013c



VCF0486b 1972-2004 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0486a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763122
1980: V800112
1984: V840104
1988: V880126
1992: V923132
1996: V960216
2000: V000316
2004: V043013c



VCF0486c 1952-1968 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0402.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520028e
1956: V560020e
1960: V600025e
1964: V640026e
1968: V680033e



VCF0486d 1952-1968 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0481; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0486c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520028e
1956: V560020e
1960: V600025e
1964: V640026e
1968: V680033e



VCF0487 LIKES ANYTHING ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; RF
INAP. no Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720042
1976: V763123
1980: V800077
1984: V840081
1988: V880103
1992: V923109
1996: V960217
2000: V000317
2004: V043006
2008: V083012
2012: candlik_likrpc
2016: V161074
2020: V201110
2024: V241113



VCF0488a 1972-2004 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see
VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0405, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720043a
1976: V763124
1980: V800078
1984: V840082
1988: V880104
1992: V923110
1996: V960218
2000: V000318
2004: V043007a



VCF0488b 1972-2004 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see
VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0488a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720043a
1976: V763124
1980: V800078
1984: V840082
1988: V880104
1992: V923110
1996: V960218
2000: V000318
2004: V043007a



VCF0488c 1952-1968 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
9987.Don’t know much about candidate
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0487; no Pre IW; question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520029a
1956: V560021a
1960: V600026a
1964: V640027a
1968: V680034a



VCF0488d 1952-1968 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
87.Don’t know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK ;RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0487; no Pre IW; question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0488c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520029a
1956: V560021a
1960: V600026a
1964: V640027a
1968: V680034a



VCF0489a 1972-2004 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0405, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720043b
1976: V763125
1980: V800079
1984: V840083
1988: V880105
1992: V923111
1996: V960219
2000: V000319
2004: V043007b



VCF0489b 1972-2004 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0489a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720043b
1976: V763125
1980: V800079
1984: V840083
1988: V880105
1992: V923111
1996: V960219
2000: V000319
2004: V043007b



VCF0489c 1952-1968 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520029b
1956: V560021b
1960: V600026b
1964: V640027b
1968: V680034b



VCF0489d 1952-1968 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0489c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520029b
1956: V560021b
1960: V600026b
1964: V640027b
1968: V680034b



VCF0490a 1972-2004 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0405, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720043c
1976: V763126
1980: V800080
1984: V840084
1988: V880106
1992: V923112
1996: V960220
2000: V000320
2004: V043007c



VCF0490b 1972-2004 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0490a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720043c
1976: V763126
1980: V800080
1984: V840084
1988: V880106
1992: V923112
1996: V960220
2000: V000320
2004: V043007c



VCF0490c 1952-1968 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520029c
1956: V560021c
1960: V600026c
1964: V640027c
1968: V680034c



VCF0490d 1952-1968 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0490c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520029c
1956: V560021c
1960: V600026c
1964: V640027c
1968: V680034c



VCF0491a 1972-2004 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0405, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763127
1980: V800081
1984: V840085
1988: V880107
1992: V923113
1996: V960221
2000: V000320
2004: V043007d



VCF0491b 1972-2004 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0491a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763127
1980: V800081
1984: V840085
1988: V880107
1992: V923113
1996: V960221
2000: V000320
2004: V043007d



VCF0491c 1952-1968 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520029d
1956: V560021d
1960: V600026d
1964: V640027d
1968: V680034d



VCF0491d 1952-1968 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0491c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520029d
1956: V560021d
1960: V600026d
1964: V640027d
1968: V680034d



VCF0492a 1972-2004 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0405, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763128
1980: V800082
1984: V840086
1988: V880108
1992: V923126
1996: V960222
2000: V000322
2004: V043007c



VCF0492b 1972-2004 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0492a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763128
1980: V800082
1984: V840086
1988: V880108
1992: V923126
1996: V960222
2000: V000322
2004: V043007c



VCF0492c 1952-1968 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0405.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520029e
1956: V560021e
1960: V600026e
1964: V640027e
1968: V680034e



VCF0492d 1952-1968 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote for him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0487; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0492c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520029e
1956: V560021e
1960: V600026e
1964: V640027e
1968: V680034e



VCF0493 DISLIKES ANYTHING ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; RF
INAP. no Pre IW; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.
This question was not present as a separate variable until 1972.
2008 SPECIAL NOTE:
Master codes were under revision for the 2008 Time Series Study and
are not available at the time of this release (for the ANES Time Series
Cumulative Data File). It is currently unclear how the new codes will
integrate with this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720044
1976: V763129
1980: V800083
1984: V840087
1988: V880109
1992: V923115
1996: V960223
2000: V000323
2004: V043008
2008: V083014
2012: candlik_dislrpc
2016: V161077
2020: V201112
2024: V241115



VCF0494a 1972-2004 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see
VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0406, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720045a
1976: V763130
1980: V800078
1984: V840088
1988: V880110
1992: V923116
1996: V960224
2000: V000324
2004: V043009a



VCF0494b 1972-2004 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972); abbrev. IW form (1980: see
VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0494a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720045a
1976: V763130
1980: V800078
1984: V840088
1988: V880110
1992: V923116
1996: V960224
2000: V000324
2004: V043009a



VCF0494c 1952-1968 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
9987.Don’t know much about candidate
9988. DK (mention 1 only)
9989. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0493;no Pre IW; question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520030a
1956: V560022a
1960: V600027a
1964: V640028a
1968: V680035a



VCF0494d 1952-1968 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
87.Don’t know much about party/candidate; not involved in politics
89. DK; RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,8,9 in VCF0493;no Pre IW; question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0494c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520030a
1956: V560022a
1960: V600027a
1964: V640028a
1968: V680035a



VCF0495a 1972-2004 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0406, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720045b
1976: V763131
1980: V800085
1984: V840089
1988: V880111
1992: V923117
1996: V960225
2000: V000325
2004: V043009b



VCF0495b 1972-2004 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0495a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720045b
1976: V763131
1980: V800085
1984: V840089
1988: V880111
1992: V923117
1996: V960225
2000: V000325
2004: V043009b



VCF0495c 1952-1968 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520030b
1956: V560022b
1960: V600027b
1964: V640028b
1968: V680035b



VCF0495d 1952-1968 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0495c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520030b
1956: V560022b
1960: V600027b
1964: V640028b
1968: V680035b



VCF0496a 1972-2004 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0406, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720045c
1976: V763132
1980: V800086
1984: V840090
1988: V880112
1992: V923118
1996: V960226
2000: V000326
2004: V043009c



VCF0496b 1972-2004 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0496a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720045c
1976: V763132
1980: V800086
1984: V840090
1988: V880112
1992: V923118
1996: V960226
2000: V000326
2004: V043009c



VCF0496c 1952-1968 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520030c
1956: V560022c
1960: V600027c
1964: V640028c
1968: V680035c



VCF0496d 1952-1968 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; no Pre IW;
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0496c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520030c
1956: V560022c
1960: V600027c
1964: V640028c
1968: V680035c



VCF0497a 1972-2004 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0406, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763133
1980: V800087
1984: V840091
1988: V880113
1992: V923119
1996: V960227
2000: V000327
2004: V043009d



VCF0497b 1972-2004 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0497a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763133
1980: V800087
1984: V840091
1988: V880113
1992: V923119
1996: V960227
2000: V000327
2004: V043009d



VCF0497c 1952-1968 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520030d
1956: V560022d
1960: V600027d
1964: V640028d
1968: V680035d



VCF0497d 1952-1968 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
30. Other
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; no Pre IW;
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0497c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520030d
1956: V560022d
1960: V600027d
1964: V640028d
1968: V680035d



VCF0498a 1972-2004 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1972 SPECIAL NOTE:
Only 3 mentions were included in the 1972 ANES dataset release.
Note that VCF0406, which was created in the 1970s, was originally coded
tallying a count of all 1972 mentions, including those (not extant)
which were not part of the 1972 ANES release file. However, only the 3
released mentions are represented in this file.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763134
1980: V800088
1984: V840092
1988: V880114
1992: V923120
1996: V960228
2000: V000328
2004: V043009e



VCF0498b 1972-2004 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0498a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763134
1980: V800088
1984: V840092
1988: V880114
1992: V923120
1996: V960228
2000: V000328
2004: V043009e



VCF0498c 1952-1968 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; form II (1972);
abbrev. IW form (1980: see VCF0015a); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0406.
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1952-1968’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520030e
1956: V560022e
1960: V600027e
1964: V640028e
1968: V680035e



VCF0498d 1952-1968 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Is there anything in particular about {REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATE} that might make you want to vote against him?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
21. Experience and abilities
22. Character and background
23. Personal attraction
24. Issues - NA whether domestic or foreign
25. Stand on domestic policies
26. Stand on foreign affairs
27. Bad for/anti/keep in check/cease favoring group or interest
28. Good for/better for/help to/made up of/fair to group or interest
29. Candidate as party representative*
Missing
30. Other
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,8,9 in VCF0493; no Pre IW; question
not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF0498c.
*Includes: ‘Wallace and political parties’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520030e
1956: V560022e
1960: V600027e
1964: V640028e
1968: V680035e



VCF0501 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MAJOR PARTIES
Question
Do you think there are any important differences in what the
Republicans and Democrats stand for?
Valid
1. No difference
2. Yes, a difference
9. DK; yes, a difference but don’t know what (1964,1966); depends (1972)
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); telephone IW (1984);
form B (1986); form A (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1952 NOTE:
176 respondents have been coded 2 from category ‘minor differences
(not important); some differences, don’t know what.’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520017
1960: V600229
1964: V640298,V640299
1966: V660081
1968: V680346
1972: V720498
1976: V763184
1980: V800776
1984: V840867
1986: V860541
1988: V880797
1990: V900336
1992: V925901
1994: V840708
1996: V961182
1998: V980370
2000: V001435
2004: V045159
2008: V085118
2012: ptydiff_diff
2016: V162190
2020: V202216
2024: V242204



VCF0502 WHICH MAJOR PARTY IS MORE CONSERVATIVE 3-CATEGORY
Question
1960-1976:
Would you say that one of the parties (1972: either party) is more
conservative or more liberal than the other (1970-1976: at the national
level)?
(IF YES:) Which party is more conservative?
(IF NO 1960,1968:) Do you think that people generally consider the
Democrats or the Republicans more conservative or wouldn’t you want to
guess about that?
(IF NO OR DK 1964,1970,1972,1976:) Do you think that people generally
consider the Democrats or the Republicans more conservative or wouldn’t
you want to guess about that?
1984 AND LATER:
Would you say that either one of the parties is more conservative than
the other at the national level? (IF YES:) Which party is more
conservative?
Valid
1. Yes, Democrats more conservative
2. Yes, Republicans more conservative
9. No, both the same; DK; no guess (1970-1976); other (1968,1970,1972)
Missing
0.NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (1984); form II,III,IV (1972); form A (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
After 1976, respondents answering no/DK to the initial question were
not prompted further.
1960 NOTE:
‘No’ or ‘DK’ responses to the stem question were combined with cases
coded DK in the single study variable released.
1964 NOTE:
same as 1960.
1968 NOTE:
same as 1960.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1960: V600232
1964: V640302
1968: V680361
1970: V700177(type 0)
1972: V720500
1976: V763194
1984: V840874,V840875
1988: V880810,V880811
1990: V900349,V900350
1992: V925914,V925915
2004: V045160,V045160a
2008: V085119,V085119a
2012: ptycons_cons,ptycons_ptyconswh
2016: V162191,V162191a
2020: V202217, V202218
2024: V242205, V242206



VCF0502a WHICH MAJOR PARTY IS MORE CONSERVATIVE 4-CATEGORY
Question
1970-1976:
Would you say that one of the parties (1972: either party) is more
conservative or more liberal than the other at the national level?
(IF YES:) Which party is more conservative?
(IF NO OR DK:) Do you think that people generally consider the Democrats
or the Republicans more conservative or wouldn’t you want to guess about
that?
1984 AND LATER:
Would you say that either one of the parties is more conservative than
the other at the national level? (IF YES:) Which party is more
conservative?
Valid
1. Yes, Democrats more conservative
2. Yes, Republicans more conservative
5. No, both the same
9. DK whether one more conservative; yes, one more conservative but DK which party
Missing
0. NA whether one more conservative; yes, one more conservative but NA
which party; no Post IW; telephone IW (1984); form II,III,IV (1972);
form A (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
After 1976, respondents answering no/DK to the initial question were
not prompted further.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700177(type 0)
1972: V720500
1976: V763194
1984: V840874,V840875
1988: V880810,V880811
1990: V900349,V900350
1992: V925914,V925915
2004: V045160,V045160a
2008: V085119,V085119a
2012: ptycons_cons,ptycons_ptyconswh
2016: V162191,V162191a
2020: V202217, V202218



VCF0503 DEMOCRATIC PARTY- LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE SCALE
Question
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
I’m going to show you (1996 AND LATER: Here is) a seven-point scale
on which the political views that people might hold are arranged
from extremely liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}?
(7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate, middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA self-placement (1984-1996); refused to
choose self-placement (1996); no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
1972-1982: If self-placement was ‘DK,’ NA or ‘haven’t thought much’
R was not asked for party placements on this scale.
1984-1996: If R responded ‘DK,’ NA or ‘haven’t thought much about
it’ to self-placement AND if R responded ‘DK’ or NA (1996: or ‘refused
to choose’) to the self-placement follow-up (‘If you had to choose
would you consider yourself a liberal or a conservative?’ [VCF0849]),
then R was not asked for party placements on this scale.
In 1996 and later, ordering of placements for the 2 major parties was
randomized.
1980 NOTE:
This var was present in both the pre and post; pre data are represented
here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720656
1974: V742309
1976: V763289
1978: V780401
1980: V800279
1982: V820405
1984: V840373
1986: V860393
1988: V880235
1990: V900413
1992: V923518
1994: V940847
1996: V960379
1998: V980411
2000: V001382
2004: V043090
2008: V083071a
2012: libcpre_ptyd
2016: V161130
2020: V201206
2024: V241183



VCF0504 REPUBLICAN PARTY- LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE SCALE
Question
Republican Party - R’s rating of party on liberal/conservative scale
Valid
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate, middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA self-placement (1984-1996); refused to
choose self-placement (1996); no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0503
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720657
1974: V742310
1976: V763290
1978: V780402
1980: V800278
1982: V820404
1984: V840374
1986: V860394
1988: V880234
1990: V900414
1992: V923517
1994: V940848
1996: V960380
1998: V980412
2000: V001383
2004: V043091
2008: V083071b
2012: libcpre_ptyr
2016: V161131
2020: V201207
2024: V241184



VCF0507 WHICH PARTY FAVORS GOVERNMENT HELP WITH MEDICAL CARE
Question
1960,1962:
Which party do you think is more likely to see to it that people get
doctors and hospital care at low cost, the Democrats or the Republicans,
or wouldn’t there be any difference?
1964, 1968:
Which party do you think is more likely to want the government to help
in getting doctor and hospital care at low cost, the Democrats, the
Republicans, or wouldn’t there be any difference between them on this?
Valid
1. Democrats
2. No difference
3. Republicans
Missing
8. DK which party
9. NA party placement
0. NA; no opinion for R’s opinion on this issue; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also: VCF0508-VCF0511.
If R’s own opinion on this issue was ‘no opinion,’ ‘DK’ or NA, then
R was not asked this question.
1986 NOTE:
Code 2 includes 6 cases where George Wallace/American Independent Party
was mentioned.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1960: V600068
1962: V620060
1964: V640077
1968: V680065



VCF0508 DEMOCRATIC PARTY- GOVERNMENT HEALTH INSURANCE SCALE
Question
There is much concern about the rapid rise in medical and
hospital costs.
Some (1988,1994: people) feel there should be a government insurance
plan which would cover all medical and hospital expenses (1988,1994:
for everyone).
Others feel that (1988,1994: all) medical expenses should be paid by
individuals, and through private insurance like Blue Cross (1988,
1994: or other company paid plans).
Where would you place the Democratic Party on this scale [1988 ONLY:
or haven’t you thought much about this]? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government insurance plan
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Private insurance plan
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK self-placement(1972,1976,1978,1994); haven’t
thought much about self-placement (1970,1972,1976,1978,1994); NA self-
placement (all years exc. 1970); form II (1972); haven’t thought much
about party placement (1988 ONLY)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also: VCF0507.
1972-1978: If self-placement was ‘DK,’ NA or ‘haven’t thought much’,
then R was not asked for party placements on this scale.
1970 NOTE:
If R responded ‘haven’t thought much’ for self-placement then party
placements were not asked; however, if R responded DK or NA for self-
placement party placements were asked.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700135(type 0)
1972: V720212
1976: V763276
1978: V780383
1988: V880322
1994: V940954
2012: inspre_dem



VCF0509 REPUBLICAN PARTY- GOVERNMENT HEALTH INSURANCE SCALE
Question
Republican Party - R’s rating of party on govt health insurance scale
Valid
1. Government insurance plan
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Private insurance plan
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK self-placement(1972,1976,1978,1994); haven’t
thought much about self-placement (1970,1972,1976,1978,1994); NA self-
placement (all years exc. 1970); form II (1972); haven’t thought much
about party placement (1988 ONLY)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0508.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700136(type 0)
1972: V720213
1976: V763277
1978: V780384
1988: V880321
1994: V940955
2012: inspre_rep



VCF0512 WHICH PARTY FAVORS GUARANTEED JOBS AND STANDARD OF LIVING
Question
1960:
Which party do you think is more likely to see to it that everybody who
wants to work can find a job, the Democrats, the Republicans, or
wouldn’t there be any difference between them?
1964,1968:
Which party do you think is more likely to favor the government seeing
to it that each person has a job and a good standard of living (1964
only: the Democrats, the Republicans, or wouldn’t there be any
difference between them on this)?
Valid
1. Democrats
2. No difference
3. Republicans
Missing
8. DK which party
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/no opinion for self-placement; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also: VCF0513-VCF0514.
If R’s own opinion on this issue was ‘no opinion,’ ‘DK’ or NA, then
R was not asked this question.
1968 NOTE:
Code 2 includes 6 cases where George Wallace/American Independent Party
was mentioned.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1960: V600055
1964: V640080
1968: V680067



VCF0513 DEMOCRATIC PARTY- GUARANTEED JOBS-LIVING SCALE
Question
Some people feel that the government in Washington should see to it
that every person has a job and a good standard of living. (1972-
1978: Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point
1). Others think the government should just let each person get ahead
on his/her own. (1972-1978: Suppose these people are at the other
end, at point 7. And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2,3,4,5 or 6.)
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}? (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on his own
Missing
8. DK party placement
9. NA party placement
0. DK/NA/haven’t thought much about self-placement; form III,IV (1972);
form II and no Post IW (1972); no Post IW; short form or Spanish
language (1992); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also: VCF0512.
Prior to 2000, Rs with self-placement ‘DK,’ NA or ‘haven’t thought
much about it’ were not asked for party placements on this scale.
1972 NOTE:
Form I respondents were asked this question in the Pre, form II
respondents in the Post
2000 NOTE 1:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series and telephone data
are not included.
2000 NOTE 2:
The order in which Democratic and Republican party placements
were administered was randomized.
2004 NOTE:
The order in which Democratic and Republican party placements
were administered was randomized.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720176,V720617
1974: V742269
1976: V763244
1978: V780359
1980: V801122
1982: V820427
1984: V840417
1988: V880329
1992: V923722
1994: V940934
2000: V000631
2012: guarpr_dem



VCF0514 REPUBLICAN PARTY- GUARANTEED JOBS-LIVING SCALE
Question
Republican Party - R’s rating of party on jobs/std of living scale
Valid
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on his own
Missing
8. DK party placement
9. NA party placement
0. DK/NA/haven’t thought much about self-placement; form III,IV (1972);
form II and no Post IW (1972); no Post IW; short form or Spanish
language (1992); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0513.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720177,V720618
1974: V742270
1976: V763245
1978: V780360
1980: V801121
1982: V820428
1984: V840418
1988: V880328
1992: V923721
1994: V940935
2000: V000636
2012: guarpr_rep



VCF0517 DEMOCRATIC PARTY- AID TO BLACKS SCALE
Question
1988 FORM A, 1990 AND LATER: Some people feel that the government in
Washington should make every possible effort to improve the social
and economic position of blacks. Others feel that the government
should not make any special effort to help blacks because they should
help themselves.
1970-1984, 1988 FORM B: Some people feel that the government in
Washington should make every possible effort to improve the social and
economic position of blacks (1970: Negroes) and other minority groups
(1980: even if it means giving them preferential treatment). Others
feel that the government should not make any special effort to help
minorities because they should help themselves (1970: but they should
be expected to help themselves).
ALL YEARS: Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this
scale} (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government should help minority groups
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Minority groups should help themselves
Missing
8. DK party placement
9. NA party placement
0. DK self-placement (1972-1984,1990,1994); NA self-placement
(1972-1990,1994); haven’t thought much about self-placement (1970-1984,
1990,1994); no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Note that form B in 1988 and all cases in previous years specified
‘blacks and other minorities’ in this question, while form A in 1988
and all cases in 1990 specified only ‘blacks.’ To filter for form A/B
responses in 1988, use variable VCF0012.
Rs with self-placement ‘haven’t thought much about it’ in 1970 or with
self-placements ‘haven’t thought much about it’ or DK in 1972,1984,
1990,1994 were not asked for party placements on this scale (if R’s
self-placement was DK or NA in 1970, R was asked for party placements.)
If R’s self-placement was NA in 1972-1984,1990,1994 then R was not
asked for party placements.
2000 NOTE 1:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series and telephone data
are not included.
2000 NOTE 2:
The order in which Democratic and Republican party placements
were administered was randomized.
2004 NOTE:
The order in which Democratic and Republican party placements
were administered was randomized.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700107(type 0)
1972: V720633
1974: V742300
1976: V763267
1978: V780375
1980: V801074
1982: V820417
1984: V840385
1988: V880338,V880346
1990: V900449
1994: V940938
2000: V000661
2004: V043162



VCF0518 REPUBLICAN PARTY- AID TO BLACKS SCALE
Question
Republican Party - R’s rating of party on aid to blacks/minorities
scale
Valid
1. Government should help minority groups
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Minority groups should help themselves
Missing
8. DK party placement
9. NA party placement
0. DK self-placement (1972-1984,1990,1994); NA self-placement
(1972-1990,1994); haven’t thought much about self-placement (1970-1984,
1990,1994); no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0517
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700108(type 0)
1972: V720634
1974: V742301
1976: V763268
1978: V780376
1980: V801073
1982: V820418
1984: V840386
1988: V880337,V880345
1990: V900450
1994: V940939
2000: V000666
2004: V043163



VCF0521 WHICH PARTY FAVORS STRONGER GOVERNMENT
Question
Which party do you think is more likely to favor a stronger [1978,1980,
1984: more powerful; 1988,1992: a powerful] government in Washington –
the Democrats, the Republicans, or wouldn’t there be any difference
between them on this?
Valid
1. Democrats
2. No difference
3. Republicans
8. DK which party
Missing
0. Filter response is that R has no opinion/interest for topic or DK
whether has own opinion on topic (all years); R says s/he has own
opinion but gives opinion as DK (1964,1968,1972,1976,1988,1992); R
says s/he has own opinion but gives opinion as NA (all years); R’s
own opinion is: thinks govt not getting too strong but DK/NA if it
should become more powerful (1988,1992 ONLY); R’s own opinion is that
govt is not too strong AND should stay as it is (1988,1992 ONLY); R’s
own opinion is ‘other/ depends’ (1988 ONLY); NA which party; no Post IW;
form I (1972); telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1964-1988,1992,2000, if the following answers were given when R was
asked if R had an opinion on the question of whether the government is
getting too powerful, then R was not asked this question:
‘no’ (opinion) (1964,1976-1992,2000); ‘no interest’ (1968,1972); NA
(all years); ‘DK’ (all years).
Additionally, in 1964,1968,1972,1976,1988,1992,2000 if R replied ‘yes,’
that R did have an interest/opinion BUT responded ‘DK’ or NA when
asked for that opinion, then R was not asked this question.
In 1988,1992,2000, among Rs who indicated that they had an opinion on
this issue, Respondents who were asked this question were limited to
Rs having their own opinions as one of the following: 1) The government
is too powerful; OR 2) The government is not getting too strong AND
(followup) the government should become more powerful.
1992 NOTE:
46 cases were not asked this question due to an error in skip
instructions.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640073
1968: V680063
1972: V720058
1976: V763226
1978: V780456
1980: V801131
1984: V841062
1988: V880851
1992: V926018
2000: V001512,V001515



VCF0521a WHICH PARTY FAVORS STRONGER GOVERNMENT W/ NO OPINION
Question
Which party do you think is more likely to favor a stronger
[1978,1980, 1984: more powerful; 1988,1992: a powerful] government in
Washington – the Democrats, the Republicans, or wouldn’t there be any
difference between them on this?
Valid
1. Democrats
2. No difference
3. Republicans
9. DK which party; no opinion
Missing
0. R’s own opinion is: thinks govt. not getting too strong but DK/NA if
it should become more powerful (1988,1992 ONLY); R’s own opinion is
that govt is not too strong AND should stay as it is (1988,1992 ONLY);
R’s own opinion is ‘other/depends’ (1988 ONLY); NA which party; no
Post IW; form I (1972); telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0521.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640073
1968: V680063
1972: V720058
1976: V763226
1978: V780456
1980: V801131
1984: V841062
1988: V880851
1992: V926018
2000: V001515



VCF0522 WHICH PARTY WILL BEST AVOID WAR/BIGGER WAR
Question
Looking ahead, do you think the problem of keeping out of
war (1966-1972: a bigger war) would be handled better in the next four
years (1966-1970: two years) by the Republicans, by the Democrats, or
about the same by both?
[2000: IF ‘DK’ OR ‘NEITHER PARTY’ IS VOLUNTEERED, DO NOT PROBE]
Valid
1. Better by Democrats
2. Same by both
3. Better by Republicans
9. DK; depends (1972); neither (2000)
Missing
0. NA; Form II (1972); no Pre IW; question not administered in assigned
half-sample (1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1996 NOTE:
The order of parties read in the question text was randomized.
2004 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
Weight
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z
Sources
1956: V560086
1960: V600087
1964: V640141
1966: V660040
1968: V680117
1970: V700046(type 1)
1972: V720052
1980: V800196
1982: V820308
1984: V840249
1986: V860524
1988: V880253
1992: V923602
1996: V960408
2000: V000506
2004: V043111



VCF0523 WHICH PARTY FAVORS MILITARY SPENDING CUT
Question
Which political party do you think is more in favor of cutting
military spending - the Democrats, the Republicans, or wouldn’t there
be much difference between them?
Valid
1. Democrats
2. Not much difference
3. Republicans
Missing
8. DK
0. NA; no Post IW; form II,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720589
1976: V763359



VCF0524 DEMOCRATIC PARTY- RIGHTS OF ACCUSED SCALE
Question
Some people are primarily concerned with doing everything possible to
protect the legal rights of those accused of committing crimes.
Others feel that it is more important to stop criminal activity even
at the risk of reducing the rights of the accused.
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}? (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Protect rights of accused
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Stop crime regardless of rights of accused
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; NA/haven’t thought much about self-placement
(all years); DK/NA self-placement (1972-1978); no Post IW; form III,
IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Rs who responded ‘haven’t thought much about it’ for self-placement
were not asked for party placements on this scale.
In 1972-1978, Rs who responded ‘DK’ for self-placement were not
asked for party placements on this scale.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700121(type 0)
1972: V720625
1974: V742284
1976: V763251
1978: V780367



VCF0525 REPUBLICAN PARTY- RIGHTS OF ACCUSED SCALE
Question
Republican Party - R’s rating of party on rights of accused scale
Valid
1. Protect rights of accused
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Stop crime regardless of rights of accused
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; NA/haven’t thought much about self-placement
(all years); DK/NA self-placement (1972-1978); no Post IW; form III,
IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0524.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700122(type 0)
1972: V720626
1974: V742285
1976: V763252
1978: V780368



VCF0528 DEMOCRATIC PARTY- URBAN UNREST SCALE
Question
There is much discussion about the best way to deal with the problem
of urban unrest and rioting.
Some say it is more important to use all available force to maintain
law and order - no matter what results.
Others say it is more important to correct the problems of poverty and
unemployment that give rise to the disturbances.
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}? (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Solve problems of poverty and unemployment
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Use all available force
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven’t thought much about self-placement
(1972,1976); no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1972-1976, Rs who responded ‘DK,’ NA or ‘haven’t thought much about
it’ for self-placement were not asked for party placements on this
scale.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700086(type 0)
1972: V720674
1974: V742277
1976: V763770



VCF0529 REPUBLICAN PARTY- URBAN UNREST SCALE
Question
Republican Party - R’s rating of party on urban unrest scale
Valid
1. Solve problems of poverty and unemployment
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Use all available force
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven’t thought much about self-placement
(1972,1976); no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0528.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700087(type 0)
1972: V720675
1974: V742278
1976: V763771



VCF0533 DEMOCRATIC PARTY- SCHOOL BUSING SCALE
Question
There is much discussion about the best way to deal with racial
problems.
Some people think achieving racial integration of schools is so
important that it justifies busing children to schools out of their
own neighborhoods.
Others think letting children go to their neighborhood schools is so
important that they oppose busing.
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}? (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Bus to achieve integration
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Keep children in neighborhood schools
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven’t thought much about self-placement
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Rs who responded ‘DK,’ NA or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ for self-
placement were not asked for party placements on this scale.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720206
1974: V742292
1976: V763260



VCF0534 REPUBLICAN PARTY- SCHOOL BUSING SCALE
Question
Republican Party - R’s rating of party on school busing scale
Valid
1. Bus to achieve integration
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Keep children in neighborhood schools
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven’t thought much about self-placement
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0533.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720207
1974: V742293
1976: V763261



VCF0537 DEMOCRATIC PARTY- WOMEN EQUAL ROLE SCALE
Question
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women’s rights.
Some people feel that women should have an equal role with men in
running business, industry, and government.
Others feel that women’s place is in the home.
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}? (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women’s place is in the home
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven’t thought much about self-placement
(1972-1988); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Prior to 1998, Rs who responded ‘DK,’ NA or ‘haven’t thought much
about it’ for self- placement were not asked for party placements on
this scale.
1998 NOTE:
The order in which this rating was administered for the 2 major parties
was randomized.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720236
1976: V763790
1978: V780391
1980: V801106
1982: V820437
1988: V880391
1998: V980453



VCF0538 REPUBLICAN PARTY- WOMEN EQUAL ROLE SCALE
Question
Republican Party - R’s rating of party on equal role for women scale
Valid
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women’s place is in the home
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven’t thought much about self-placement
(1972-1988); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0537.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720237
1976: V763791
1978: V780392
1980: V801105
1982: V820438
1988: V880390
1998: V980454



VCF0541 DEMOCRATIC PARTY- GOVERNMENT SERVICES-SPENDING SCALE
Question
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education, in order to reduce spending.
(1996 AND LATER: Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at
point 1). Other people feel that it is important for the government
to provide many more services even if it means an increase in
spending.
(1996: Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7. And,
of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in between, at
points 2,3,4,5 or 6.)
Where would you place the Democratic Party {on this scale}? (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government should provide many fewer services: reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government should provide many more services: increase spending a lot
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/haven’t thought much about self-placement
(1982,1984,1990,1994); NA self-placement (exc. 1986); short form or
Spanish language (1992); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1982-1984,1990,1994,1996, Rs who responded ‘DK,’ NA or ‘haven’t
thought much about it’ for self-placement were not asked for party
placements on this scale.
1996 AND LATER NOTE: the order in which this rating was administered
for the 2 major parties was randomized.
1988 NOTE:
If R’s self-placement was NA , then R was not asked for party
placements.
1992 NOTE:
same as 1988.
1980 NOTE:
The 1980 version of this question was not comparable.
2000 NOTE 1:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series, and 2000 telephone
data are not included.
2000 NOTE 2:
The order in which Democratic and Republican party placements were
administered was randomized.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1982: V820445
1984: V840378
1986: V860455
1988: V880308
1990: V900456
1992: V923705
1994: V940944
1996: V960461
1998: V980468
2000: V000569
2012: spsrvpr_ssdem



VCF0542 REPUBLICAN PARTY- GOVERNMENT SERVICES-SPENDING SCALE
Question
Republican Party - R’s rating of party on government services scale
Valid
1. Government should provide many fewer services: reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government should provide many more services: increase spending a lot
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/haven’t thought much about self-placement
(1982,1984, 1990,1994); NA self-placement (exc. 1986); short form or
Spanish language (1992); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0541
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1982: V820446
1984: V840379
1986: V860456
1988: V880307
1990: V900457
1992: V923704
1994: V940945
1996: V960462
1998: V980469
2000: V000575
2004: V043141
2012: spsrvpr_ssrep



VCF0545 DEMOCRATIC PARTY- COOPERATION WITH U.S.S.R. SCALE
Question
1980:
Some people feel it is important for us to try very hard to get along
with Russia. Others feel it is a big mistake to try too hard to get
along with Russia.
1984,1988:
Some people feel it is important for us to try to cooperate more with
Russia, while others believe we should be much tougher in our dealings
with Russia.
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place the Democratic Party on this scale?
(7-PT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Cooperate more/get along with Russia
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher/big mistake
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven’t thought much about self-placement;
no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Rs who responded ‘DK,’ NA or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ for self-
placement were not asked for party placements on this scale.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V801090
1984: V840411
1988: V880374



VCF0546 REPUBLICAN PARTY- COOPERATION WITH U.S.S.R. SCALE
Question
Republican Party - R’s rating of party on cooperate with Russia scale
Valid
1. Cooperate more/get along with Russia
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher/big mistake
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/NA/haven’t thought much about self-placement;
no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0545.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V801089
1984: V840412
1988: V880373



VCF0549 DEMOCRATIC PARTY- DEFENSE SPENDING SCALE
Question
Some people believe that we should spend much less money for defense.
(1996,2004: Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point
1.) Others feel that defense spending should be greatly increased.
(1996,2004: Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.
And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in between
at points 2,3,4,5 or 6.)
Where would you place the Democratic Party on this scale? (7-POINT
SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending.
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/haven’t thought much about self-placement
(1980,1984, 1990); NA self-placement (exc. 1986); short form or Spanish
language (1992); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1980-1984,1990, Rs who responded ‘DK,’ NA or ‘haven’t thought much
about it’ for self-placement were not asked for party placements on
this scale.
1988 NOTE:
If R’s self-placement was NA then R was not asked for party placements.
1992 NOTE:
same as 1988.
1996 (and later) NOTE:
The order in which this rating was administered for the 2 major parties
was randomized.
2000 NOTE 1:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series, and 2000 telephone
data are not included.
2004 NOTE:
see 1996 NOTE.
2012 NOTE:
The 7-point scale used in 2012 was not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800287
1982: V820409
1984: V840398
1986: V860412
1988: V880316
1990: V900443
1992: V923711
1996: V960477
2000: V000598
2004: V043146



VCF0550 REPUBLICAN PARTY- DEFENSE SPENDING SCALE
Question
Republican Party - R’s rating of party on defense spending
Valid
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending.
Missing
8. DK party placement
0. NA party placement; DK/haven’t thought much about self-placement
(1980,1984, 1990); NA self-placement (exc. 1986); short form or Spanish
language (1992); telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0549.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800286
1982: V820410
1984: V840399
1986: V860413
1988: V880315
1990: V900444
1992: V923710
1996: V960478
2000: V000603
2004: V043147



VCF0601 APPROVE PARTICIPATION IN PROTESTS
Question
There are many possible ways for people to show their disapproval or
disagreement with governmental policies and actions. I am going to
describe three such ways. We would like to know which ones you
approve of as ways of showing dissatisfaction with the government and
which ones you disapprove of.
How about taking part in protest meetings or marches that are
permitted by the local authorities? Would you approve of taking part,
disapprove, or would it depend on the circumstances?
Valid
1. Disapprove
2. Pro-con, depends, don’t know
3. Approve
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
Weight
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z
Sources
1968: V680472
1970: V700141(type 1)
1972: V720275
1974: V742238



VCF0602 APPROVE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
Question
How about refusing to obey a law which one thinks is unjust, if the
person feels so strongly about it that he is willing to go to jail
rather than obey the law? Would you approve of a person doing that,
Disapprove, or would it depend on the circumstances?
Valid
1. Disapprove
2. Pro-con, depends, don’t know
3. Approve
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See introductory text VCF0601.
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
Weight
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z
Sources
1968: V680474
1970: V700142(type 1)
1972: V720276
1974: V742239



VCF0603 APPROVE DEMONSTRATIONS
Question
Suppose all other methods have failed and the person decides to try to
stop the government from going about its usual activities with sit-
ins, mass meetings, demonstrations, and things like that? Would you
approve of that, disapprove, or would it depend on the circumstances?
Valid
1. Disapprove
2. Pro-con, depends, don’t know
3. Approve
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See introductory text VCF0601.
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
Weight
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z
Sources
1968: V680476
1970: V700143(type 1)
1972: V720277
1974: V742240
1976: V763909



VCF0604 TRUST THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO DO WHAT IS RIGHT
Question
People have (1958,1964: I’d like to talk about some of the) different
ideas about the government in Washington. These ideas don’t refer to
Democrats or Republicans in particular, but just to government in
general. We want to see how you feel about these ideas. (1996 and
later: For example:)
How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in
Washington to do what is right – just about always, most of the time
(not 1966: or) only some of the time (1996: or almost never)?
Valid
1. None of the time/never (VOLUNTEERED); almost never (1966 only)
2. Some of the time
3. Most of the time
4. Just about always
9. DK; depends
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008); abbrev. telephone IW
(1984: See VCF0015b)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0604-VCF0608 appeared may have varied.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion ‘OLD’); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version ‘NEW’).
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.
2012 NOTE:
This question was asked of a random 1/2 sample of respondents (the
remaining 1/2 sample was asked a different version of the question).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580157
1964: V640403
1966: V660173
1968: V680504
1970: V700151(type 0)
1972: V720571
1974: V742230
1976: V763163
1978: V780347
1980: V800402
1982: V820529
1984: V841064
1986: V860548
1988: V880955
1990: V900504
1992: V926120
1994: V941033
1996: V961251
1998: V980528
2000: V001534
2002: V025174
2004: V045197
2008: V085147a
2012: trustgov_trustgstd



VCF0605 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RUN BY FEW INTERESTS OR FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL
Question
Would you say the government is pretty much run by a few big interests
looking out for themselves or that it is run for the benefit of all
the people?
Valid
1. Few big interests
2. Benefit of all
9. DK; pro-con; depends; other; refused to choose; both
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984: See VCF0015b)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0604-VCF0608 appeared may have varied.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640405
1966: V660176
1968: V680505
1970: V700152(type 0)
1972: V720572
1974: V742231
1976: V763164
1978: V780348
1980: V800403
1982: V820530
1984: V841065
1988: V880957
1990: V900506
1992: V926122
1994: V941035
1996: V961253
1998: V980529
2000: V001536
2002: V025176
2004: V045198
2008: V085148
2012: trustgov_bigintrst
2016: V161216
2020: V201234
2024: V241231



VCF0606 HOW MUCH DOES THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WASTE TAX MONEY
Question
Do you think that people in the government waste a lot of money we pay
in taxes, waste some of it, or don’t waste very much of it?
Valid
1. A lot
2. Some
3. Not very much
9. DK
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984: See VCF0015b)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0604-VCF0608 appeared may have varied.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
2008 NOTE:.
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580156
1964: V640402
1968: V680503
1970: V700150(type 0)
1972: V720570
1974: V742229
1976: V763162
1978: V780346
1980: V800401
1982: V820528
1984: V841063
1988: V880956
1990: V900505
1992: V926121
1994: V941034
1996: V961252
1998: V980527
2000: V001535
2002: V025175
2004: V045198
2008: V085149
2012: trustgov_waste
2016: V161217
2020: V201235
2024: V241232



VCF0607 HOW MANY GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ARE SMART
Question
Do you feel that almost all of the people running the government are
smart people (1958-1972: who usually know what they are doing), or do
you think that quite a few (1970: quite a lot) of them don’t seem to
know what they are doing?
Valid
1. Don’t know what they’re doing
2. Know what they’re doing
9. DK; pro-con; depends; other; refused to choose; both
Missing
0. MD; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0604-VCF0608 appeared may have varied.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580159
1964: V640404
1968: V680506
1970: V700153(type 0)
1972: V720573
1974: V742232
1976: V763165
1978: V780349
1980: V800404



VCF0608 HOW MANY GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ARE CROOKED
Question
Do you think that quite a few of the people running the government are
(1958-1972: a little) crooked, not very many are, or do you think
hardly any of them are crooked (1958-1972: at all)?
Valid
1. Quite a few; quite a lot (1958-1972)
2. Not many
3. Hardly any
9. DK
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984: See VCF015)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0604-VCF0608 appeared may have varied.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
2008 NOTE:.
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580155
1964: V640401
1968: V680507
1970: V700154(type 0)
1972: V720574
1974: V742233
1976: V763166
1978: V780350
1980: V800405
1984: V841066
1988: V880958
1990: V900507
1992: V926123
1994: V941036
1996: V961254
1998: V980526
2000: V001537
2002: V025177
2004: V045200
2008: V085150
2012: trustgvpo_crook



VCF0609 GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS CARE WHAT PEOPLE LIKE RESPONDENT THINK
Question
1952-1980,1982,1992: Now I’d like to read some of the kinds of things
people tell us when we interview them. Please tell me whether (1992: and
ask you whether) (1966,1988,1990,1994-LATER: how much) you agree or
disagree with these statements (1992: with them) (2002: about the
government.) (1988,1990: You can just give me the number of your
choice.) (1992: I’ll read them one at a time and you just tell me
whether you agree or disagree) (1996 and later: The first is:)
1952-1988,1992:
‘I don’t think public officials care much what people like me think.’
1990,1994-LATER:
‘Public officials don’t care much what people like me think.’
2000 TELEPHONE,2002:
Do you agree, neither agree nor disagree, or disagree with this
statement?
Valid
1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Neither agree nor disagree (1988 and later only)
9. DK; not sure; it depends; can’t say; refused to say
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008); form B
(1986)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Prior to 1988, response options were read to R. In 1988 and later
(except 2000 telephone and 2002), response options were in the
Respondent Booklet.
Code 1 includes: ‘strongly agree’ and ‘agree’ from the 1966 data;
‘agree strongly’ and ‘agree somewhat’ from 1988 and later data (exc.
2002). Code 2 includes: ‘strongly disagree’ and ‘disagree’ from
the 1966 data; ‘disagree somewhat’ and ‘disagree strongly’ from 1988
and later data (exc. 2002).
1952 NOTE:
The order of items appearing in VCF0609-VCF0618 was varied.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion ‘C’); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version ‘D’).
2012 NOTE:
This question was asked of a random 1/2 sample of respondents (the
remaining 1/2 sample was asked a different version of the question).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520118
1956: V560115
1960: V600114
1964: V640177
1966: V660118
1968: V680520
1970: V700147(type 0)
1972: V720272
1974: V742225
1976: V763818
1978: V780354
1980: V801033
1982: V820532
1984: V840313
1986: V860549
1988: V880938
1990: V900508
1992: V926103
1994: V941037
1996: V961244
1998: V980524
2000: V001527
2002: V025172
2004: V045201
2008: V085151c
2012: effic_carestd
2016: V162215
2020: V202212
2024: V242200



VCF0610 CONGRESSMEN LOSE TOUCH WITH CONSTITUENTS
Question
‘Generallyspeaking, those we elect to Congress in Washington lose
touch with the people pretty quickly.’
Valid
1. Agree
2. Disagree
9. DK; it depends; can’t say; refused to say
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680521
1970: V700148(type 0)
1972: V720273
1974: V742226
1976: V763819
1978: V780355
1980: V801034



VCF0611 PARTIES ONLY INTERESTED IN VOTES
Question
‘Parties are only interested in people’s votes but not in their
opinions.’
Valid
1. Agree
2. Disagree
9. DK; it depends; can’t say; refused to say
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680523
1970: V700149(type 0)
1972: V720274
1974: V742227
1976: V763820
1978: V780356
1980: V801035



VCF0612 VOTING IS THE ONLY WAY TO HAVE A SAY IN GOVERNMENT
Question
‘Voting is the only way that people like me can have any (1956-1964:
a) say about how the government runs things.’
Valid
1. Agree
2. Disagree
9. DK; depends; not sure; can’t say; refused to say; neither agree nor disagree
(1988)
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.
1966 NOTE:
This question was asked as a Likert Scale (i.e., strongly agree/ agree/
disagree/ strongly disagree), collapsed here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520120
1956: V560109
1960: V600108
1964: V640175
1966: V660116
1968: V680518
1970: V700145(type 0)
1972: V720270
1974: V742223
1976: V763816
1978: V780352
1980: V801031



VCF0613 PEOPLE LIKE RESPONDENT HAVE ANY SAY IN WHAT THE GOVERNMENT DOES
Question
‘People like me don’t have any say about what the government does.’
Valid
1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Neither agree nor disagree (1988 and later only)
9. DK; depends; not sure; can’t say; refused to say
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.
Prior to 1988, response options were read to R. In 1988 and later
(except 2000 telephone and 2002), response options were shown to R in
the Respondent Booklet.
Code 1 includes: ‘strongly agree’ and ‘agree’ from the 1966 data
‘agree strongly’ and ‘agree somewhat’ from 1988 and later data (exc.
2002). Code 2 includes: ‘strongly disagree’ and ‘disagree’ from
the 1966 data; ‘disagree somewhat’ and ‘disagree strongly’ from 1988
and later data (exc. 2002).
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
1996 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are included
here.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion ‘C’); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version ‘D’).
2012 NOTE:
This question was asked of a random 1/2 sample of respondents (the
remaining 1/2 sample was asked a different version of the question).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520123
1956: V560108
1960: V600107
1964: V640174
1966: V660115
1968: V680517
1970: V700144(type 0)
1972: V720269
1974: V742222
1976: V763815
1978: V780351
1980: V801030
1982: V820531
1984: V840312
1988: V880937
1990: V900509
1992: V926102
1994: V941038
1996: V960568
1998: V980525
2000: V001528
2002: V025173
2004: V045202
2008: V085151d
2012: effic_saystd
2016: V162216
2020: V202213
2024: V242201



VCF0614 POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT SEEM TOO COMPLICATED
Question
‘Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a person
like me can’t really understand what’s going on.’
Valid
1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Neither agree nor disagree (1988 and later only)
9. DK; depends; not sure; can’t say; refused to say
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.
Prior to 1988, response options were read to R. In 1988 and later
(except 2000 telephone and 2002), response options were shown to R in
the Respondent Booklet.
Code 1 includes: ‘strongly agree’ and ‘agree’ from the 1966 data
‘agree strongly’ and ‘agree somewhat’ from 1988 and later data (exc.
2002). Code 2 includes: ‘strongly disagree’ and ‘disagree’ from
the 1966 data; ‘disagree somewhat’ and ‘disagree strongly’ from 1988
and later data (exc. 2002).
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
1996 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are included
here.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion ‘C’); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version ‘D’).
2012 NOTE:
This question was asked of a random 1/2 sample of respondents (the
remaining 1/2 sample was asked a different version of the question).
2016 NOTE:
The 2016 version of this question is not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520125
1956: V560112
1960: V600111
1964: V640176
1966: V660117
1968: V680519
1970: V700146(type 0)
1972: V720271
1974: V742224
1976: V763817
1978: V780353
1980: V801032
1984: V840314
1988: V880939
1990: V900510
1992: V926104
1994: V941039
1996: V961246
1998: V980523
2000: V001529
2008: V085151a
2012: effic_complicstd



VCF0615 MATTER WHETHER RESPONDENT VOTES OR NOT
Question
2002: Now I’d like to read you a few statements about public life. I’ll
read them one at a time. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree
with each of them.
ALL YEARS:
‘So many other people vote in the national elections that it doesn’t
matter much to me whether I vote or not.’
2000:
Do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree,
disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with this statement?)
2002:
Do you AGREE, NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE, or DISAGREE with this
statement?
Valid
1. Agree (2000: agree strongly/somewhat)
2. Disagree (2000: disagree strongly/somewhat)
3. Neither agree nor disagree (2000, 2002 only)
9. DK; depends; not sure; can’t say; refused to say
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; IW conducted prior to addition of question (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.
2000 NOTE 1:
Response options changed.
2000 NOTE 2:
This variable was added to the 2000 Post questionnaire after it had
already been in the field several days.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520122
1956: V560111
1960: V600110
1972: V720288
1976: V763349
1978: V780423
1980: V800144
2000: V001520
2002: V025171



VCF0616 SHOULD THOSE WHO DON’T CARE ABOUT ELECTION OUTCOME VOTE
Question
‘If a person doesn’t (1988: if people don’t) care how an election
comes out he (1980,1984: then that person; 1988,1992: they) shouldn’t
vote in it.’
Valid
1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Neither agree nor disagree (1988, 1990, 1992 only)
9. DK; depends; not sure; can’t say; refused to say
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.
Prior to 1988, response options were read to R. In 1988 and later,
response options were shown to R in the Respondent Booklet.
Code 1 includes: ‘agree strongly’ and ‘agree somewhat’ from 1988 and
later data. Code 2 includes: ‘disagree somewhat’ and ‘disagree
strongly’ from 1988 and later data.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520124
1956: V560113
1960: V600112
1972: V720289
1976: V763350
1978: V780424
1980: V800145
1984: V840311
1988: V880936
1992: V926101



VCF0617 SHOULD SOMEONE VOTE IF THEIR PARTY CAN’T WIN
Question
‘It isn’t so important to vote when you know your party doesn’t have
any chance to win.’
Valid
1. Agree
2. Disagree
9. DK; depends; not sure; can’t say; refused to say
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520117
1956: V560110
1960: V600109
1972: V720287
1976: V763348
1978: V780422
1980: V800143



VCF0618 A GOOD MANY LOCAL ELECTIONS UNIMPORTANT
Question
‘A good many local elections aren’t important enough to bother with.’
Valid
1. Agree
2. Disagree
9. DK; depends; not sure; can’t say; refused to say
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
See introductory text VCF0609.
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which questions VCF0609-VCF0618 appeared may have varied
by study.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520121
1956: V560114
1960: V600113
1972: V720290
1976: V763351
1978: V780425
1980: V800146



VCF0619 MOST PEOPLE CAN BE TRUSTED OR: CAN’T BE TOO CAREFUL WITH PEOPLE
Question
1968:
Now here is something different. We have questions on other things
besides politics.
ALL YEARS:
Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or
that you can’t be too careful in dealing with people?
Valid
1. Can’t be too careful
2. Most people can be trusted
9. DK; other; depends; both; can’t say; refused to say
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1996 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are used
here.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
(verion ‘G’); the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version of the question (version ‘H’).
2012:
This question was not asked comparably in 2012.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640398
1966: V660136
1968: V680500
1972: V750581
1974: V742400
1976: V763745
1992: V926139
1996: V960567
1998: V980532
2000: V001475
2002: V025101
2004: V045186
2008: V083092a



VCF0620 PEOPLE ARE HELPFUL OR: PEOPLE LOOK OUT FOR THEMSELVES
Question
Would you say that most of the time people try to be helpful, or that
they are mostly just looking out for themselves?
Valid
1. Just look out for themselves
2. Try to be helpful
9. DK; other; depends; both; can’t say; refused to say
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1968 NOTE:
See intro VCF0619.
2002 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly assigned to either VCF0620 or VCF0621.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640399
1966: V660137
1968: V680501
1972: V720582
1974: V742401
1976: V763746
1992: V926140
2000: V001477
2002: V025103
2004: V045188



VCF0621 PEOPLE WILL TAKE ADVANTAGE OF OTHERS OR: PEOPLE WILL TRY TO BE FAIR
Question
Do you think most people would try to take advantage of you if they
got a chance, or would they try to be fair?
Valid
1. Would take advantage
2. Would try to be fair
9. DK; other; depends; both; can’t say; refused to say
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1968 NOTE:
See intro VCF0619.
1996 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are used here.
2002 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly assigned to either VCF0620 or VCF0621.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640400
1968: V680502
1972: V720583
1974: V742402
1976: V763747
1996: V960569
1998: V980531
2000: V001476
2002: V025102
2004: V045187



VCF0622 HOW MUCH GOVERNMENT PAYS ATTENTION TO WHAT PEOPLE THINK
Question
Over the years, how much attention do you feel the government pays to
what the people think when it decides what to do – a good deal, some,
or not much?
Valid
1. Not much
2. Some
3. A good deal
9. DK; other; depends; can’t say
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
Weight
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z
Sources
1964: V640390
1968: V680490
1970: V700155(type 1)
1972: V720575
1974: V742234
1976: V763741
1978: V780416
1980: V800888
1982: V820527
1984: V840310
1988: V880960
1992: V926125
1996: V961256
1998: V980521
2000: V001539



VCF0623 HOW MUCH PARTIES MAKE GOVERNMENT PAY ATTENTION TO PEOPLE
Question
How much do you feel that political parties help to make the
government pay attention to what the people think, a good deal, some
or not much?
Valid
1. Not much
2. Some
3. A good deal
9. DK; other; depends; can’t say
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV 1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
Weight
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z
Sources
1964: V640391
1968: V680491
1970: V700156(type 1)
1972: V720576
1974: V742235
1976: V763742
1978: V780417
1980: V800889



VCF0624 HOW MUCH ELECTIONS MAKE GOVERNMENT PAY ATTENTION TO PEOPLE
Question
(And) How much do you feel that having elections makes the government
pay attention to what the people think, a good deal, some or not much?
Valid
1. Not much
2. Some
3. A good deal
9. DK; other; depends; can’t say
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
2008 NOTE:.
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.
Weight
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z
Sources
1964: V640392
1966: V660177
1968: V680492
1970: V700157(type 1)
1972: V720577
1974: V742236
1976: V763743
1978: V780418
1980: V800890
1984: V840309
1988: V880959
1992: V926124
1996: V961255
1998: V980522
2000: V001538
2002: V025178
2004: V045204
2008: V085154
2012: respons_elections
2016: V161220
2020: V201238
2024: V241235



VCF0625 HOW MUCH ATTENTION CONGRESSMEN PAY TO CONSTITUENTS
Question
How much attention do you think most Congressmen pay to the people who
elect them when they decide what to do in Congress, a good deal, some,
or not much?
Valid
1. Not much
2. Some
3. A good deal
9. DK; other; depends; can’t say
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form 2 whites (1970); form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
Weight
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z
Sources
1964: V640393
1968: V680493
1970: V700158(type 1)
1972: V720578
1974: V742237
1976: V763744
1978: V780419
1980: V800891



VCF0626 RESPONDENT USUALLY ABLE TO CARRY OUT PLANS AS EXPECTED
Question
1958,1960,1964:
Now here is something a little different. It helps use know what kinds
of people we have talked to if we can find out how they feel about
things besides politics. For example..
1968-1972:
Now here is something different. We have questions on other things
besides politics.
1976:
Now we have a few questions on other things besides politics.
ALL YEARS:
When you do make plans ahead, do you usually get to carry out things
the way you expected, or do things usually come up to make you change
your plans?
Valid
1. Have to change plans
2. Things work out as expected
9. DK; pro-con; it depends; both other; refused to choose
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580164
1960: V600240
1964: V640362
1968: V680496
1970: V700160(type 0)
1972: V720279
1974: V742397
1976: V763737



VCF0627 BETTER TO PLAN LIFE A GOOD WAY AHEAD
Question
Do you think it’s better to plan your life a good way ahead, or would
you say life is too much a matter of luck to plan ahead very far?
Valid
1. Too much luck to plan
2. Plan ahead
9. DK; pro-con; it depends; both; other; refused to choose
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See introductory text VCF0626.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680495
1970: V700159(type 0)
1972: V720278
1974: V742396
1976: V763736



VCF0628 SURE LIFE WOULD WORK OUT AS EXPECTED
Question
Have you usually felt pretty sure your life would work out the way you
want it to, or have there been times when you haven’t been (1958:
very) sure about it?
Valid
1. Haven’t been sure
2. Pretty sure
9. DK; pro-con; it depends; both; other; refused to choose
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See introductory text VCF0626.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580160
1960: V600238
1964: V640360
1968: V680497
1970: V700161(type 0)
1972: V720280
1974: V742398
1976: V763738



VCF0629 CAN RUN LIFE AS WANTED
Question
Some people feel they can run their lives pretty much the way they
want to; others feel the problems of life are sometimes too big for
them. Which one are you most like?
Valid
1. Problems of life too big
2. Can run own life
9. DK; pro-con; it depends; both; other; refused to choose
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See introductory text VCF0626.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680498
1970: V700162(type 0)
1972: V720281
1974: V742399
1976: V763739



VCF0630 GOVERNMENT LEVEL RESPONDENT HAS MOST FAITH IN
Question
We find that people differ in how much faith and confidence they have
in various levels of government in this country.
In your case, do you have more faith and confidence in the national
government, the government of this state, or in the local government
around here?
Valid
1. National government
2. State government
3. Local government
9. DK; none; all; other; depends; refuses to choose; combination of two
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680508
1972: V720453
1974: V742244
1976: V763593
1996: V961203



VCF0631 GOVERNMENT LEVEL RESPONDENT HAS LEAST FAITH IN
Question
Which level (1996: of government) do you have the least faith and
confidence in – the national government, the government of this
state, or the local government around here?
Valid
1. National government
2. State government
3. Local government
9. DK; none; all; other; depends; refuses to choose; combination of two
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680510
1972: V720454
1974: V742247
1976: V763596
1996: V961204



VCF0632 BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT RESPONDENT TRUSTS MOST
Question
Which part of the government on the list do you most often trust to do
what’s right: Congress, the Supreme Court, the President, or
political parties? (LIST SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Congress
2. Supreme Court
3. President
4. Political parties
9. DK; all; none
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720450
1974: V742241
1976: V763590



VCF0633 BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT RESPONDENT TRUSTS 2ND MOST
Question
Which of the others do you next often trust to do what’s right
{Congress, Supreme Court, President or political parties}?
Valid
1. Congress
2. Supreme Court
3. President
4. Political parties
9. DK; all; none
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972); answered all, none, DK or NA
in VCF0632
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0632.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720451
1974: V742242
1976: V763591



VCF0634 BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT RESPONDENT TRUSTS LEAST
Question
Which {part of the government} do you least often trust to do what’s
right {Congress, Supreme Court, President or political parties}?
Valid
1. Congress
2. Supreme Court
3. President
4. Political parties
9. DK; all; none
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form I,III,IV (1972); answered all, none, DK or NA
in VCF0632
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0632.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720452
1974: V742243
1976: V763592



VCF0640 GOVERNMENT HANDLING OF MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM MENTIONED BY RESPONDENT
Question
(IF R HAS MENTIONED A ‘MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM’ IN THE NATION: )
How good (of) a job is the government doing in dealing with this problem:
a good job, only fair, or a poor job?
Valid
1. Good job
3. Only fair
5. Poor job
8. Don’t know
Missing
9. NA; R not selected (1996,2000); no Post IW; abbrev. Post IW (1984);
short form questionnaire (1992)
0. R has not identified any problem
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This represents the follow-up question to VCF0875/VCF0875a/VCF0875b.
1996 NOTE:
A half-sample of respondents was randomly selected to be administered
questions about the ‘most important problem’.
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996.
2004 NOTE:
The CSES version of this question, included in the 2004 study, is not
comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763691
1978: V780316
1980: V800984
1984: V840994
1986: V860307
1988: V880818
1992: V925727
1996: V961142
1998: V980347
2000: V000437



VCF0648 EXTERNAL EFFICACY INDEX
Question
External efficacy index, 100-pt scale
Valid
0. Least efficacious
.
100. Most efficacious
Missing
999. Not scored in both VCF0609 and VCF0613
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0609 AND VCF0613.
Component vars are first recoded as follows: VCF0609,VCF0613:
1=0,2=100,3=50. The recoded values are then totaled and divided by
the number of valid responses. The result is then rounded.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0649 GOVERNMENT RESPONSIVENESS INDEX
Question
Government responsiveness index, 100-pt scale
Valid
0. Least responsive
.
100. Most responsive
Missing
999. Not scored in both VCF0622 and VCF0624
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0622 AND VCF0624.
Component vars are first recoded as follows: VCF0622,VCF0624:
1=0,2=50,3=100. The recoded values are then totaled and divided by the
number of valid responses. The result is then rounded.
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
Weight
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z



VCF0650 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE RATING
Question
Now, I’d like to ask you how good a job you feel some of the parts of
our government are doing.
As I read, please give me the number that best describes how good a
job you feel that part of the government is doing for the country as a
whole.
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN WASHINGTON
Valid
0. Very poor job
1.
2. Poor job
3.
4. Fair job
5.
6. Good job
7.
8. Very good job
Missing
9. DK; NA; no opinion; haven’t thought about it; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1974: V742251
1976: V763548
1980: V800762



VCF0651 STATE GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE RATING
Question
State governments, in general
Valid
0. Very poor job
1.
2. Poor job
3.
4. Fair job
5.
6. Good job
7.
8. Very good job
Missing
9. DK; NA; no opinion; haven’t thought about it; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0650.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1974: V742252
1976: V763549
1980: V800763



VCF0652 LOCAL GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE RATING
Question
Local governments, in general
Valid
0. Very poor job
1.
2. Poor job
3.
4. Fair job
5.
6. Good job
7.
8. Very good job
Missing
9. DK; NA; no opinion; haven’t thought about it; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0650.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1974: V742253
1976: V763550
1980: V800764



VCF0653 PRESIDENCY PERFORMANCE RATING
Question
The presidency
Valid
0. Very poor job
1.
2. Poor job
3.
4. Fair job
5.
6. Good job
7.
8. Very good job
Missing
9. DK; NA; no opinion; haven’t thought about it; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0650.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1974: V742254
1976: V763551
1980: V800765



VCF0654 CONGRESS PERFORMANCE RATING
Question
Congress, that is the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives
Valid
0. Very poor job
1.
2. Poor job
3.
4. Fair job
5.
6. Good job
7.
8. Very good job
Missing
9. DK; NA; no opinion; haven’t thought about it; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0650.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1974: V742255
1976: V763552
1980: V800766



VCF0655 SUPREME COURT PERFORMANCE RATING
Question
The U.S. Supreme Court
Valid
0. Very poor job
1.
2. Poor job
3.
4. Fair job
5.
6. Good job
7.
8. Very good job
Missing
9. DK; NA; no opinion; haven’t thought about it; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0650.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1974: V742256
1976: V763553
1980: V800767



VCF0656 TRUST IN GOVERNMENT INDEX
Question
Trust in government index, 100 pt scale
Valid
0. Least trusting
.
100. Most trusting
Missing
999. Not scored in all of: VCF0604, VCF0605, VCF0606, VCF0608.
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0604, VCF0605, VCF0606, VCF0608.
Component vars are first recoded as follows:
VCF0604: 1=0,2=33,3=67,4=100; VCF0605: 1=0, 2=100;
VCF0606,VCF0608: 1=0,2=50,3=100.
The recoded values are then totaled and divided by the number of valid
responses. The result is then rounded.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0675 HOW MUCH OF THE TIME DOES RESPONDENT TRUST THE MEDIA TO REPORT FAIRLY
Question
How much of the time do you think you can trust the media to report
the news fairly? Just about always, most of the time, only some of
the time, or almost never?
Valid
1. Just about always
2. Most of the time
3. Only some of the time
4. Almost never
5. None of the time [VOL]
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
2008 NOTE:.
A half-sample of respondents were administered this question with
response options in reverse order.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1996: V961339
1998: V980474
2000: V001429
2004: V045007
2008: V085024



VCF0700 WHO WILL BE ELECTED PRESIDENT IN NOVEMBER
Question
Who do you think will be elected President in November?
Valid
1. Democratic candidate
2. Republican candidate
7. Other candidate
8. DK; depends
Missing
9. NA; refused; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520013
1956: V560012
1960: V600017
1964: V640018
1968: V680025
1972: V720025
1976: V763026
1980: V800054
1984: V840076
1988: V880098
1992: V923102
1996: V960381
2000: V000485
2004: V043093
2008: V083073
2016: V161146
2020: V201217
2024: V241211



VCF0701 REGISTERED TO VOTE PRE-ELECTION
Question
Now how about the election this November. (1952-1964: Do you know if
you are; 1968-1980: Are you) registered/eligible so that you could
vote in the November election if you wanted to?
Valid
1. No
2. Yes
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Pre IW; form II (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
This is a pre-election var.
See VCF0737 for post-election registration question.
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 2 includes cases coded ‘yes, qualified, I think so’ from 1956,
1960 and 1964. From 1980, code 0 includes 1 response that voters were
not required to register in respondent’s state (this case was coded 1
in VCF0703).
Beginning in 2012, respondents were asked where they were registered
in both the Pre and Post. Summary registration status for these years
can be found in VCF0703.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520077
1956: V560098
1960: V600099
1964: V640158
1968: V680131
1972: V720164
1976: V763032
1980: V800134



VCF0702 DID RESPONDENT VOTE IN THE NATIONAL ELECTIONS
Question
1948:
In the election, about half the people voted and about half of
them didn’t. Did you vote?
1962:
One of the things we need to know is whether or not people really did
get to vote this fall. In talking to people about the election we find
that a lot of people weren’t able to vote because they weren’t
registered or they were sick or something else came up at the last
minute. Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in the
November election?
1952-1960,1964-1998, 2002 VERSION 1, and 2004 VERSION 1:
In talking to people about the election we (1972 AND LATER: often) find
that a lot of people weren’t able to vote because they weren’t
registered or they were sick or they just didn’t have time. (1956-1960:
How about you, did you vote this time?) (1964-1970: How about you, did
you vote this time, or did something keep you from voting) (1972-1976:
How about you, did you vote in the elections this fall?) (1978 and
later: How about you, did you vote in the elections this November?)
2000, 2002 VERSION2, and 2004 VERSION 1: In talking to people about
elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote
because they weren’t registered, they were sick, or they just didn’t
have time. Which of the following statements best describes you:
One, I did not vote (in the election this November);
Two, I thought about voting this time - but didn’t;
Three, I usually vote, but didn’t this time; or
Four, I am sure I voted?
Valid
1. No, did not vote
2. Yes, voted
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; refused to say if voted; Washington D.C.
(presidential years only)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 2 includes 8 respondents from 1958, 8 respondents from 1962 and
14 respondents from 1968, who replied ‘yes, I think so.’
1956 NOTE:
Code 2 includes 3 cases from: ‘Nonvoter, NA preference; voted, but not
for president’.
1982 NOTE:
For congressional districts GA04 and GA05, an additional question
appeared: How about the special US Congressional elections held
November 30th. Did you vote in that election? From 1982, code 2
includes all GA04, GA05 respondents who voted in either the November 2
general election or the November 30 special election, or both.
2002 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly assigned to either version 1 or version 2.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480018
1952: V520178
1956: V560203
1958: V580077
1960: V600201
1962: V620041
1964: V640286
1966: V660102
1968: V680310
1970: V700209(type 0)
1972: V720477
1974: V742319
1976: V763655
1978: V780470
1980: V800988
1982: V820501
1984: V840783
1986: V860261
1988: V880756
1990: V900279
1992: V925601
1994: V940601
1996: V961074
1998: V980303
2000: V001241
2002: V025016
2004: V045018X
2008: V085036x
2012: rvote2012_x
2016: V162065x
2020: V202109x
2024: V242095x



VCF0703 REGISTER AND TURNOUT SUMMARY
Question
Summary: did R register and vote
Valid
1. Not registered, and did not vote
2. Registered, but did not vote
3. Voted (registered)
Missing
0. DK/NA if voted; DK/NA whether registered (includes 1960 nonvoter
cases without pre IWs and 1972 form II nonvoters); no Post IW; refused
to say if voted; Washington D.C. (presidential years only)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Derived from: vote variable VCF0702 and registration variable
VCF0701/VCF0737 (VCF0701 pre-election data for 1952-1976,1980; VCF0737
post-election data for 1978, 1982-later; for 1952 cases without pre-
election interviews, post-election data from VCF0737).
All respondents who reported voting have been coded 3, regardless of
whether they actually reported being registered.
No registration variable at all was present in 1958,1962,1966,1970 or
1974.
In some years a few respondents have declared that registration was not
required in their state; these cases have been included with
‘registered’.
2004 NOTE:
This is a summary variable of vote and registration status.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520077,V520178
1956: V560098,V560203
1960: V600099,V600201
1964: V640158,V640286
1968: V680131,V680310
1972: V720164,V720477
1976: V763032,V763655
1978: V780484,V780470
1980: V800134,V800988
1982: V820519,V820501
1984: V840783,V840802
1986: V860261,V860276
1988: V880756,V880757
1990: V900279,V900280
1992: V925601,V925602
1994: V940601,V940602
1996: V961074,V961075
1998: V980303,V980304
2000: V001241,V001242
2002: V025016,V025017
2004: V045018x
2008: V085039a
2012: rvote2012_x,prevote_regist_addr,prevote_regist_noaddr,postvote_regist_addr,postvote_regist_noaddr
2016: V162031x,V162032x
2020: V202068x
2024: V241012, V241013, V242051, V242053, V242065, V242095x



VCF0704 VOTE FOR PRESIDENT- MAJOR CANDIDATES
Question
1948:
(IF R VOTED:) Whom did you vote for?
1952-1964:
(IF R VOTED:) Who did you vote for President?
1968-1976:
(IF R VOTED:) Who did you vote for in the election for President?
1980-LATER:
(IF R VOTED:) How about the election for President? Did
you vote for a candidate for President? (IF YES:) Who did you vote for?
Valid
1. Democrat
2. Republican
3. Major third party candidate (Wallace 1968/Anderson 1980/Perot 1992,1996)
Missing
0. Did not vote; DK/NA if voted; refused to say if voted; voted, but
not for president (1980-1992); DK/NA if voted for president; DK/NA
who voted for (1980-1992); refused to say who voted for; ‘other’ vote;
no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480018
1952: V520178
1956: V560203
1960: V600201
1964: V640286
1968: V680316
1972: V720478
1976: V763665
1980: V800994
1984: V840788
1988: V880763
1992: V925609
1996: V961082
2000: V001249
2004: V045026
2008: V085044a
2012: presvote2012_x
2020: V202110x
2024: V242096x



VCF0704a VOTE FOR PRESIDENT- MAJOR PARTIES
Question
Major party presidential vote (2 party)
Valid
1. Democrat
2. Republican
Missing
0. Did not vote; DK/NA if voted; refused to say if voted; voted, but
not for president (1980-1992); DK/NA if voted for president; DK/NA
who voted for (1980-1992); refused to say who voted for; ‘other’ vote;
no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0704.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480018
1952: V520178
1956: V560203
1960: V600201
1964: V640286
1968: V680316
1972: V720478
1976: V763665
1980: V800994
1984: V840788
1988: V880763
1992: V925609
1996: V961082
2000: V001249
2004: V045026
2008: V085044a
2012: presvote2012_x
2016: V162062x
2020: V202110x



VCF0705 VOTE FOR PRESIDENT- MAJOR PARTIES AND OTHER
Question
Presidential vote (major parties and all ‘other’)
Valid
1. Democrat
2. Republican
3. Other (incl. 3d/minor party candidates and write-ins)
Missing
0. Did not vote; DK/NA if voted; refused to say if voted; voted, but
not for president (1980-1992); DK/NA if voted for president (1980-
1992); DK/NA who voted for; refused to say who voted for; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0704.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480018
1952: V520178
1956: V560203
1960: V600201
1964: V640286
1968: V680316
1972: V720478
1976: V763665
1980: V800994
1984: V840788
1988: V880763
1992: V925609
1996: V961082
2000: V001249
2004: V045026
2008: V085044a
2012: presvote2012_x
2016: V162062x
2020: V202110x



VCF0706 VOTE AND NONVOTE- PRESIDENT
Question
Presidential vote and nonvote
Valid
1. Democrat
2. Republican
3. Major third party candidate (Wallace 1968/Anderson 1980/Perot 1992,1996)
4. Other (incl. 3d/minor party candidates and write-ins)
7. Did not vote or voted but not for president (exc.1972)
Missing
0. DK/NA if voted; refused to say if voted; DK/NA if voted for president (
1980 and later); voted but not for president (1972 Only); DK/NA who
voted for; refused to say who voted for; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0704.
1972 NOTE:
Rs who voted but not for president were combined with NA.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480018
1952: V520178
1956: V560203
1960: V600201
1964: V640286
1968: V680316
1972: V720478
1976: V763665
1980: V800994
1984: V840788
1988: V880763
1992: V925609
1996: V961082
2000: V001249
2004: V045026
2008: V085044a
2012: presvote2012_x,rvote2012_x,prevote_presvt,postvote_presvt
2016: V162062x,V162031x,V162034
2020: V202110x



VCF0707 VOTE FOR CONGRESSMAN
Question
1952-1970:
COUNTY OF REGISTRATION NOT DETERMINED [NO BALLOT CARD]:
How about the vote for Congressman. Did you vote for a candidate for
Congress? (IF YES:) Who did you vote for? Which party was that?
1972:
COUNTY OF REGISTRATION NOT DETERMINED [NO BALLOT CARD]:
How about the election for Congressman– that is, for the House of
Representatives in Washington? Which party’s candidate did you vote for
for Congressman?
1974,1976:
COUNTY OF REGISTRATION NOT DETERMINED: [NO BALLOT CARD]:
How about the election for Congressman– that is, for the House of
Representatives in Washington? Did you vote for a candidate for
Congress? Whom did you vote for? Which party was that?
1978:
ALL CASES [BALLOT CARD]:
Here is a list of candidates for the major races in this district. How
about the election for the House of Representatives in Washington? Did
you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives? (IF
YES:) Who did you vote for?
I. 1980-LATER - REGISTERED IN IW COUNTY:
…………………………………
1980-1982,1984 PERSONAL,1986-1996,1998 PERSONAL,2000 PERSONAL
[BALLOT CARD]:
Here is a list of candidates for the major races in this district. How
about the election for the House of Representatives in Washington? Did
you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives? (IF
YES:) Who did you vote for?
1984 TELEPHONE [NO BALLOT CARD]:
I am going to read a list of candidates for the major races in your
district. In the election for the House of Representatives, the ballot
listed: [Names and party affiliations of all House candidates on the
Ballot Card]. Did you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of
Representatives? (IF YES:) Who did you vote for?
1998 TELEPHONE [BALLOT CARD]:
Please take out the (color) sheet of paper that was folded inside your
booklet. There you see a list of candidates for the major race(s) in
this district. How about the election for the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
in Washington? Did you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of
Representatives? (IF YES:) Who did you vote for?
2000 TELEPHONE,2002 [NO BALLOT CARD]:
How about the election for the House of Representatives in Washington.
Did you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives? Did
you vote for (the Democrat, [NAME], or) (the Republican, [NAME]) (IF
IND/3RD PARTY CANDIDATE: or the [PARTY] candidate, [NAME])?
II. 1980-LATER - REGISTERED OUTSIDE IW COUNTY:
…………………………………
1980-1996,1998 PERSONAL,2000,2002 [NO BALLOT CARD]:
How about the election for the House of Representatives in Washington?
Did you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives? (IF
YES:) Who did you vote for? (2000: Which party was that?)
1998 TELEPHONE [NO BALLOT CARD]:
[TELL RESPONDENT, IF NECESSARY, ‘We won’t need to use the ballot card in
your booklet since you are in a different city/town/county).’] How
about the election for the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in Washington? Did
you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives? (IF
YES:) Who did you vote for?
Valid
1. Democrat
2. Republican
Missing
0. DK; NA; R did not vote; R refused to say if voted; DK/NA if voted;
refused to say who voted for; ‘other’ (third party, independent vote)
name given by R not on candidate list (1978-1988); Washington D.C.;
no Post IW; voted but not for House of Representatives; DK/NA if voted
for House of Representatives; forms III and IV (1972); special
districts with no House race in 1978 (LA03,LA07,FL08,FL10); special
districts with no House race in 1980 (LA03, LA07); special districts,
with no House race in 1982 (LA05, LA07); special district with no House
race in 1986 (LA04)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See also VCF0735,VCF0736,VCF1011-VCF1013
GENERAL NOTE:
The Ballot Card was introduced in 1978.
Note that VCF0707 and VCF0736 differ slightly from VCF1011-VCF1013 for
years prior to 1978: see VCF1011.
1952-1968: When an ‘incorrect’ name–i.e., not on the list of
candidates which the interviewer had for R’s congressional district–
was given with a party association, the party given was coded and is
represented here. When a ‘correct’ name was given with an incorrect
party, however, the actual party associated with the named candidate
was coded in Study data: ‘Smith, a Democrat’ was coded as a Republican
if, in fact Smith was a Republican. [In 1952-1968, party was asked for
only if R did not know the candidate name or gave an ‘incorrect’ name.
If R correctly named a candidate for his/her district without
volunteering party association, party was not asked for, and factual
party of candidate was coded.] In 1958 ONLY, if the respondent gave
the correct name of a candidate from another race in R’s district, then
R was informed of the named candidate’s actual race and the question
for R’s House vote was repeated.
In 1952, 1956, 1958, 1960, and 1964 this question was coded as a
multiple response allowing, when applicable, for candidate-at-large
mentions (2nd response) as well as district choice of candidates (1st
response). Second responses were excluded in coding VCF0707.
1970-1976: R’s perception of candidate’s party was coded. If not
volunteered, party of candidate was always asked for. If party
associated by R was not the actual party of a correctly named
candidate, party as mentioned was still coded. Even if an ‘incorrect’
name (i.e., name not on the interviewer’s list of candidate names–see
VCF1006 for description of lists) was given, party associated by R was
coded.
Ballot card 1978-1982, 1984 personal, 1986 and later: when R gave a
name not on the ballot card, the party of actual vote remained
undeterminable (0 in VCF0707), unless R voted outside district of
interview and R’s major party vote from ‘outside’ district could be
established (if a recognizable name was given).
No ballot card 1980-later: Respondents who had voted outside the
Congressional District of their sample selection location could not use
the Ballot Card, and question wording was altered somewhat. 1980 was
the first year that cases of ‘outside’ Congressional District voting
were identified.
1984 NOTE:
In Post telephone interviews, If the interviewer had the correct Ballot
Card at hand, then he or she attempted to read the names and party
affiliations of the House candidates [see question wording above].
1992 NOTE:
In telephone interviews, names were not read by the interviewer, but
attempt was made, in many cases, to leave ballot cards with respondents
if a telephone appointment was made.
1994 NOTE:
A ‘ballot card’ experiment was conducted; see VCF0012.
1996 NOTE:
same as 1992
2000 NOTE:
For respondents registered in county of interview, the order of
candidate names was randomized on the Ballot Card/as read by
interviewers.
2002 NOTE:
For respondents registered in county of interview, the order of
candidate names was randomized as read by interviewers.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520187
1956: V560212
1958: V580081
1960: V600211
1962: V620042
1964: V640290
1966: V660112
1968: V680323
1970: V700215(type 0)
1972: V720485
1974: V742322
1976: V763673
1978: V780474
1980: V800998
1982: V820507
1984: V840792
1986: V860266
1988: V880768
1990: V900289
1992: V925623
1994: V940614
1996: V961089
1998: V980313
2000: V001262
2002: V025028b
2004: V045031x,V045032x
2008: V085049x
2012: prevote_votehs postvote_votehs prevote_hsvtbc postvote_hsvtbc
2016: V162067x
2020: V202111x
2024: V242097x



VCF0708 VOTE FOR SENATOR
Question
1952-1976:
How about the vote for United States Senator? Did you vote for a
candidate for Senator? (IF YES:) Who did you vote for? Which party was
that?
1978-1998,2000 PERSONAL,2000 TELEPHONE IF VOTED OUTSIDE COUNTY OF IW,
2002 VOTED OUTSIDE COUNTY OF IW:
(IF BALLOT CARD [1978-1998,2000 PERSONAL]: Still looking at the list of
candidates:) How about the election for the United States Senate? Did
you vote for a candidate for the U.S./United States Senate? (IF YES:)
Who did you vote for?
2000 TELEPHONE IF VOTED IN COUNTY OF IW [NO BALLOT CARD], 2002 VOTED
IN COUNTY OF IW [NO BALLOT CARD]:
How about the election for the United States Senate? Did you vote for
a candidate for the U.S./United States Senate? (IF YES:)Did you vote
for (the Democrat, [NAME], or) (the Republican, [NAME]) (IF IND/3RD
PARTY CANDIDATE: or the [PARTY] candidate, [NAME])?
1992 CALIFORNIA:
We had two Senate races in California. Which candidate did you vote for?
1996 KANSAS:
How about the two elections for the United States Senate? Did you vote
for candidates for the U.S. Senate?
Valid
1. Democrat
2. Republican
Missing
0. DK; NA; R did not vote; refused to say if voted; DK/NA if voted;
refused to say who voted for; ‘other’ (minor/3rd party) vote; name
given by R not on candidate list (1978-1988); no race in state; no
Post IW; voted but not for Senate; forms III and IV (1972); Washington
D.C.; did not vote in regular Senate election (California, 1992 ONLY)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See VCF0707 (Senate data coded in same manner as House data).
GENERAL NOTE:
1980-later cases administered without Ballot Card presentation include
respondents who had voted outside the state of their sample selection
location. 1980 was the first year that ‘outside’ voting was identified.
In California in 1992, in Tennessee in 1994, and in Kansas in 1996 the
regular Senate election and a second ‘special’ Senate election were
held. This variable codes data for the respondent’s vote in the
regular Senate election only. [ NOTE special question wording was not
used for Tennessee in 1994].
2002 NOTE:
For respondents registered in county of interview, the order of
candidate names was randomized in text read by telephone interviewers.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520186
1956: V560211
1958: V580086
1960: V600210
1964: V640289
1966: V660110
1968: V680320
1970: V700211(type 0)
1972: V720482
1974: V742325
1976: V763670
1978: V780478
1980: V801001,V801002
1982: V820509,V820510,V820511
1984: V840796,V840797,V840798
1986: V860269,V860270,V860271
1988: V880773
1990: V900294
1992: V925628
1994: V940618
1996: V961093
1998: V980317
2000: V001275
2002: V025034x
2004: V045038x
2008: V085056a
2012: senvote2012_x
2016: V162086x
2020: V202112x
2024: V242098x



VCF0709 VOTE TICKET-SPLITTING- PRESIDENT/HOUSE
Question
Ticket splitting Presidential vs. Congressional vote
Valid
1. Dem. Pres. - Dem. Congressional
2. Dem. Pres. - Rep. Congressional
3. Rep. Pres. - Dem. Congressional
4. Rep. Pres. - Rep. Congressional
Missing
0. DK/NA who voted for in presidential or congressional race; did
not vote; refused to say if voted; DK/NA if voted; refused to say
who voted for; ‘other’ (independent/3rd party) vote; name given by R
not on candidate list (1978-1988); Washington D.C.; no Post IW; voted,
but not for president (1980 and later); voted, but not for House of
Representatives (1978 and later); forms III and IV (1972); special
districts with no House race in 1978 (LA03, LA07,FL08, FL10); special
districts with no House race in 1980 (LA03, LA07); special districts
with no House race in 1982 (LA05, LA07)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Derived from VCF0704 and VCF0707.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2016: V162062x,V162067x
2020: VCF0704, VCF0707



VCF0710 VOTE TICKET-SPLITTING- PRESIDENT/SENATE
Question
Ticket splitting Presidential vs. Senatorial vote
Valid
1. Dem. Pres. - Dem. Senate
2. Dem. Pres. - Rep. Senate
3. Rep. Pres. - Dem. Senate
4. Rep. Pres. - Rep. Senate
Missing
0. DK/NA who voted for in presidential or congressional race; did
not vote; refused to say if voted; DK/NA if voted; refused to say
who voted for; ‘other’ (independent/3rd party) vote; name given by
R not on candidate list (1978-1988); Washington D.C.; no Post IW;
voted, but not for president (1980-1992); voted, but not for Senate
(1978-1992); did not vote in regular Senate election (California,
1992 ONLY); forms III,IV (1972); no Senate race in state
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Derived from VCF0704a and VCF0708.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0711 DOES RESPONDENT ALWAYS VOTE FOR THE SAME PARTY
Question
Have you always voted for the same party or have you voted for
different parties for President?
Valid
1. Different party
2. Same party; mostly same party (1952-1970)
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Pre IW; R has never voted
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Prior to 1972, this question was open-ended: ‘mostly the same party’
(code 2) was either volunteered by respondent or deduced by
interviewer. Starting in 1972, boxes labeled ‘same’ or ‘different’
were available for the IWR to check.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520072
1956: V560094
1958: V580073
1960: V600096
1962: V620037
1964: V640155
1966: V660084
1968: V680128
1970: V700197(type 0)
1972: V720157
1974: V742212
1976: V763180
1980: V800351



VCF0712 TIMING OF RESPONDENT’S PRESIDENTIAL VOTE DECISION
Question
How long before the election did you decide that you were going to
vote the way you did?
Valid
1. Knew all along (incl.: always vote for same party; 1948 ONLY: all pre-
convention cases)
2. When candidate announced (exc. 1948)
3. During conventions
4. Post-convention period
5. Last two weeks of campaign
6. On election day
Missing
0. DK; NA; unspecified ‘other’; R did not vote; DK/NA if voted; refused
to say if voted; voted, but not for president; no Post IW; form III,
IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984: see VCF0015); voted but
DK/NA/refused to say for whom (1964-1988 only)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE ‘PRESIDENTIAL VOTE DECISION’.
1948 NOTE:
No code corresponding to code 2 was used; code 1 includes all pre-
convention mentions (no cases coded 2).
2008 NOTE:
Data will be available in a future release.
2012 NOTE:
Data will be available in a future release.
2016 NOTE:
Responses were coded using a new coding scheme devised in 2008 (2008
and 2012 responses not yet coded accordingly). The collapse from the
new categories is different than for preceding (1956-2004) studies.
Recoding from 2016 categories to VCF0712 codes is as follows:
1 to code 6; 2,3,4,5 to code 5; 6,7,8 to code 4; 9 to code 3;
10,11 to code 1; all else to code 0.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480019
1952: V520183
1956: V560206
1960: V600204
1964: V640288
1968: V680318
1972: V720479
1976: V763666
1980: V800996
1984: V840790
1988: V880765
1992: V925611
1996: V961084
2000: V001251
2016: V161029b,V162036a
2020: V201031y, V202075y



VCF0713 RESPONDENT PRE-ELECTION INTENT FOR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT
Question
ALL YEARS EXC. 1948,1992,2012:
So far as you know now, do you expect to vote in the national elections
this coming November or not? (IF YES:) Who do you think you will vote
for in the election for President?
1948:
On the coming Presidential election, do you plan to vote? (IF RESPONSE
NOT ‘NO’:) Do you plan to vote Republican, Democrat or something else?
1992 and 1996:
We all know the election is some time away and people are not certain at
this point who they will vote for. Still, who do you think you will vote
for in the election for President?
2012 PRE-ELECTION: (IF R IS NOT REGISTERED BUT INTENDS TO REGISTER, OR
IF R IS REGISTERED BUT DID NOT VOTE YET:) How about the election for
President? Do you intend to vote for a candidate for PRESIDENT? (IF
YES:) Who do you think you will vote for? [DEM PRES CAND NAME], [REP
PRES CAND NAME], or someone else?
Valid
1. Democratic candidate (with or without qualifications, 1952-1976)
2. Republican candidate (with or without qualifications, 1952-1976)
3. Undecided; DK (except 1964)
4. R does not intend to vote (incl. ‘no, qualified’ if will vote, 1952-1976)
or does not intend to vote for President
9. Other candidate
Missing
0. DK (1964 only); NA; no Pre IW; DK/NA/RF (1952-1976: or pro-con)
if will vote; refused to say who will vote for; R already voted
(early) in pre-election reporting (2012,2016)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is a pre var.
For 1952-1976, codes 1 and 3 also include presidential candidate vote
intentions ‘with qualifications.’ Codes for candidate vote intention
‘with qualifications’ did not appear after 1976.
In 1952-1976, if R’s response to the question ‘As far as you know, do
you expect to vote in the elections this November?’ was ‘yes,
qualified’ (think so/ guess so/ probably, etc.), R was asked this
question; if R’s response was ‘no, qualified’ (probably not, etc.)
R has been included in code 4; if R’s response was ‘pro-con,’ then
this has been coded 0.
After 1976, no codes appeared for ‘yes, qualified,’ ‘no, qualified,’
or ‘pro-con’.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480038,V480039
1952: V520081
1956: V560100
1960: V600101
1964: V640160
1968: V680133
1972: V720170
1976: V763044
1980: V800137
1984: V840425
1988: V880397
1992: V923805
1996: V960548
2000: V000792,V000793
2004: V043202,V043203
2008: V083169,V083169a
2012: prevote_intpres,prevote_intpreswho
2016: V161030,V161031
2020: V201032, V201033
2024: V241042, V241043



VCF0714 WILL THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION BE CLOSE
Question
(IF R PREDICTS A WINNER IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: ) Do you think it [the
presidential race] will be a close race or will [R’s predicted winning
candidate] win by quite a bit?
1980 AND LATER: (IF R REPLIES ‘DK’ WHO WILL WIN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION:)
Do you think the presidential race will be close or will one candidate
win by quite a bit?
Valid
1. Will win by quite a bit
2. Close race
9. DK; pro-con; depends; etc.
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; R replies DK who will win (1952-1976); R’s
prediction NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
1956 NOTE:
Cases ‘closer than last time,’ ‘same as last time’ or ‘not so close as
last time’ are coded 0.
1964 NOTE:
If R predicted a winner who was not from the major parties, this
question was not asked.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520014
1956: V560013
1960: V600018
1964: V640019
1968: V680026
1972: V720026
1976: V763027
1980: V800055
1984: V840077
1988: V880099
1992: V923103
1996: V960382
2000: V000486,V000487
2004: V043094
2008: V083074
2012: preswin_close
2016: V161147
2020: V201218



VCF0715 STATE/LOCAL VOTE STRAIGHT TICKER OR SPLIT 5-CATEGORY
Question
Howabout the elections for other state and local offices, did you
vote a straight ticket or did you vote for candidates from different
parties. (IF STRAIGHT TICKET: ) Which party?/ (IF SPLIT TICKET:) How
did you split it?
Valid
1. Straight ticket - Democratic
2. Split ticket - mostly Democratic
3. Split ticket - about half and half, NA how split
4. Split ticket - mostly Republican
5. Straight ticket - Republican
Missing
0. DK; NA; R did not vote; DK, NA if voted; refused to say if voted;
refused to say who voted for; form III or IV (1972); no Post IW;
didn’t vote (or DK/NA if voted) in state and local elections; no
partisan state or local elections; voted straight ticket, NA which
party; voted straight ticket, ‘other’ party; voted split ticket,
mostly ‘other’ party; Washington D.C. (non-presidential years)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1962 NOTE:
‘Split ticket, mostly ’other’ party’ was combined in study data with
‘split ticket, NA how split.’ Because of the very small number of
cases voting mostly or entirely for a 3rd/minor party, this combination
category was recoded to 3.
1958 NOTE:
If R voted Democratic or Republican with only 1 exception, then R
was coded as ‘straight ticket.’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520189
1956: V560214
1958: V580088
1960: V600213
1962: V620048
1964: V640292
1966: V660113
1968: V680328
1970: V700220,V700221(type 0)
1972: V720492
1974: V742332
1980: V801008,V801009,V801010
1982: V820516,V820517,V820518
1984: V840799,V840800,V840801



VCF0716 STATE/LOCAL VOTE STRAIGHT TICKER OR SPLIT 2-CATEGORY
Question
1948:
Did you vote a straight ticket or did you vote for some candidates from
other parties?
ALL YEARS EXC. 1948:
How about the elections for other state and local offices, did you vote
a straight ticket or did you vote for candidates from different parties?
Valid
1. Split-ticket
2. Straight ticket
Missing
0. DK; NA; R did not vote; DK, NA if voted; refused to say if voted;
refused to say who voted for; form III,IV (1972); no Post IW; didn’t
vote (or DK/NA if voted) in state and local elections; no partisan
state or local elections; Washington D.C. (non- presidential years)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0715.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480023
1952: V520189
1956: V560214
1958: V580088
1960: V600213
1962: V620048
1964: V640292
1966: V660113
1968: V680328
1970: V700220(type 0)
1972: V720492
1974: V742332
1980: V801008
1982: V820516
1984: V840799



VCF0717 RESPONDENT TRY TO INFLUENCE THE VOTE OF OTHERS DURING THE CAMPAIGN
Question
1952,1956,1960-1964:
I have a list of some of the things that people do that help a party or
a candidate win an election. I wonder if you could tell me whether you
did any of these things.
1968,1972 AND LATER:
Now I’d like to find out (1990 AND LATER: We’d/we would like to find
out) about some of the things that people do to help a party or
candidate win an election.
ALL YEARS:
During the campaign, did you talk to any people and try to
show them why they should vote for (1984 AND LATER: or against) one of
the parties or candidates?
Valid
1. No
2. Yes
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The order of items corresponding to VCF0717-VCF0722 (participation
vars) may have varied by study.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520203
1956: V560215
1958: V580076
1960: V600215
1962: V620049
1964: V640313
1966: V660070
1968: V680388
1970: V7000167(type 0)
1972: V720468
1974: V742195
1976: V763529
1978: V780457
1980: V800793
1982: V820473
1984: V840818
1986: V860314
1988: V880825
1990: V900366
1992: V925807
1994: V940808
1996: V961165
1998: V980361
2000: V001225
2002: V025007
2004: V045010
2008: V085029
2012: mobilpo_rmob
2016: V162010
2020: V202009, V202010, V202011, V20201
2024: V242010



VCF0718 RESPONDENT ATTEND POLITICAL MEETINGS/RALLIES DURING THE CAMPAIGN
Question
Did you go to any political meetings, rallies, (1984 AND LATER:
speeches,) (1978,1980,1982: fund raising) dinners, or things like that
(1984 AND LATER: in support of a particular candidate)?
Valid
1. No
2. Yes
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0717.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520205
1956: V560217
1960: V600217
1962: V620051
1964: V640314
1968: V680397
1970: V700169(type 0)
1972: V720469
1974: V742196
1976: V763532
1978: V780458
1980: V800795
1982: V820474
1984: V840821
1986: V860317
1988: V880827
1990: V900368
1992: V925810
1994: V940810
1996: V961167
1998: V980363
2000: V001227
2002: V025009
2004: V045011
2008: V085030
2012: mobilpo_rally
2016: V162011
2020: V202014
2024: V242012



VCF0719 RESPONDENT WORK FOR PARTY OR CANDIDATE DURING THE CAMPAIGN
Question
Did you do any {other} work for one of the parties or candidates?
Valid
1. No
2. Yes
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0717.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520206
1956: V560218
1960: V600218
1962: V620052
1964: V640315
1968: V680398
1970: V700171(type 0)
1972: V720470
1974: V742197
1976: V763533
1978: V780459
1980: V800796
1982: V820475
1984: V840823
1986: V860318
1988: V880828
1990: V900369
1992: V925812
1994: V940811
1996: V961168
1998: V980364
2000: V001228
2002: V025010
2004: V045013
2008: V085032
2012: mobilpo_otherwork
2016: V162013
2020: V202016
2024: V242014



VCF0720 RESPONDENT DISPLAY CANDIDATE BUTTON/STICKER DURING THE CAMPAIGN
Question
1956,1960,1962-1982: Did you wear a campaign button or put a campaign
sticker on your car?
1984 AND LATER: Did you wear a campaign button, put a campaign
sticker on your car, or place a sign in your window or in front of
your house?
Valid
1. No
2. Yes
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0717.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560220
1960: V600220
1962: V620054
1964: V640317
1968: V680399
1970: V700173(type 0)
1972: V720471
1974: V742198
1976: V763534
1978: V780460
1980: V800797
1982: V820476
1984: V840819
1986: V860315
1988: V880826
1990: V900367
1992: V925809
1994: V940809
1996: V961166
1998: V980362
2000: V001226
2002: V025008
2004: V045012
2008: V085031
2012: mobilpo_sign
2016: V162012
2020: V202015
2024: V242013



VCF0721 RESPONDENT DONATE MONEY TO PARTY OR CANDIDATE DURING THE CAMPAIGN
Question
1952,1956,1960,1962:
Did you give any money or buy any tickets or anything to help the
campaign for one of the parties or candidates?
1964:
Did you give any money or buy any tickets or anything to help a party or
candidate pay campaign expenses this year?
1966,1968:
During this last year were you or any member of your household asked to
give money or buy tickets to help pay the campaign expenses of a
political party or candidate? (IF YES) Did you give any money or buy
any tickets?
1972,1974:
Did you give any money to a political party this year?
1976:
Did you give any money to a political party or make any other
contribution this year? (responses : 1. yes, 5. no, 7. tax check-off).
1978:
Did you give any money to a political party or candidate this year?
1980,1982:
Now a few questions about giving money during this last election
campaign:
What about other political contributions [other than tax check-offs].
Did you give any money this year to a candidate running for public
office?;
Apart from contributions from specific candidates, how about
contributions to any of the political parties. Did you give money to a
political party during this election year?
1984:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns. During the past year, did you give
any money to an individual candidate, to a political party
organization, people supporting a ballot proposition, or to a
particular issue or interest group?
(IF YES: Apart from contributions from specific candidates, how about
contributions to any political party organization. Did you give money
to a political party during this election year? Now, apart from
contributions to a political party, did you give any money to an
individual candidate running for public office?)
1986:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns. During the past year, did you give
any money to an individual candidate, or to a political party
organization?
1988 AND LATER:
During an election year people are often asked to make a contribution to
support campaigns. Did you give money to a political party during
this election year? Did you give money to an individual candidate
running for public office?
Valid
1. No (includes ‘not asked for money’ in 1966,1968)
2. Yes (includes ‘tax check-off’ in 1976)
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
DK/NA if asked for money (1966,1968 only)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0717.
See also VCF0739-VCF0741.
For 1980, 1982, 1984, 1988 and later, a ‘yes’ response for either or
both questions has been coded 2. A ‘no’ response combined with
‘no’ or ‘DK’ has been coded 1. Two ‘DK’ responses have been coded 0.
(A ‘no’ response with ‘NA’ is coded 0.)
1984 NOTE:
In 1984, if R’s response was ‘No,’ DK, NA to the filter question, then
the subsequent two contribution questions were not asked. If R’s
response to the filter was ‘no,’ VCF0721 has been coded 1; if R’s
response to the filter was DK or NA, then VCF0721 has been coded 0.
For 1984 Rs who responded ‘yes’ to the filter question: if R responded
‘yes’ to either or both of the following contribution questions, then
VCF0721 has been coded 2. If R responded ‘yes’ to the filter but then
responded ‘no’ to both follow-up contribution questions or if R
responded ‘no’ to one contribution question and replied ‘DK’ to the
other, then VCF0721 has been coded 1. Rs who responded ‘yes’ to the
filter but ‘DK’ to both follow-ups have been coded 0.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520204
1956: V560216
1960: V600216
1962: V620050
1964: V640335
1966: V660077
1968: V680423,V680421
1972: V720472
1974: V742199
1976: V763535
1978: V780461
1980: V800802,V800811
1982: V820481,V820490
1984: V840826,V840828
1986: V860320
1988: V880830,V880832
1990: V900371,V900373
1992: V925815,V925817
1994: V940812,V940814
1996: V961169,V961171
1998: V980365,V980367
2000: V001229,V001331
2002: V025011,V025012
2004: V045014,V045015
2008: V085033,V085034
2012: mobilpo_ctbcand,mobilpo_ctbpty
2016: V162014,V162016
2020: V202017, V202019
2024: V242015, V242020



VCF0722 HAS RESPONDENT EVER WRITTEN A LETTER TO A PUBLIC OFFICIAL
Question
1972,1976:
Aside from this particular election campaign, here are some other ways
people can be involved in politics.
ALL YEARS:
Have you ever written a letter to any public officials giving them your
opinion about something that should be done?
Valid
1. No
2. Yes
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0717.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640318
1968: V680425
1972: V720474
1976: V763537



VCF0723 COUNT OF CAMPAIGN PARTICIPATION ACTIVITIES 6-CATEGORY
Question
Campaign participation count [1]
Valid
1. Lowest level of participation (none)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. Highest level of participation in campaign activities
Missing
0. DK/NA in all questions; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev.
telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See also VCF0723A.
GENERAL NOTE:
Derived from VCF0717-VCF0721.
This count is available for all years except 1952, 1954, 1958, 1966
and 1970. This is the sum of the number of ‘yes’ responses in vars
VCF0717- VCF0721, to which 1 is added.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0723a COUNT OF CAMPAIGN PARTICIPATION ACTIVITIES 4-CATEGORY
Question
Campaign participation count [2]
Valid
1. Lowest level of participation (none)
2.
3.
4. Highest level of participation in campaign activities
Missing
0. DK/NA in all questions; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); abbrev.
telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See also VCF0723.
GENERAL NOTE:
Derived from VCF0717-VCF0719.
This count is available for all years except 1954, 1958, and 1966.
This is the sum of the number of ‘yes’ responses in vars
VCF0717-VCF0719, to which 1 is added.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0724 WATCH TV PROGRAMS ABOUT THE ELECTION CAMPAIGNS
Question
1952,1956: How about television - did you watch any programs about the campaign
on television.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1960-1972,1976:
Did you watch any programs about the campaign on television? (1960-
1972,1976: (IF YES:) How many television programs about the campaign
would you say you watched – a good many,several, or just one or two?
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1974:
A lot of people didn’t pay much attention to the election campaigns this
year. How about you–did you watch any programs about the campaign on
television? (IF YES:) How many television programs about the campaign
would you say you watched–a good many, several, or just one or two?
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1978,1980,1982,1984,1986,1990,1992-2004:
(1978,1980,1982,1984: Some people don’t pay much attention to
campaigns. How about you?) (1986: We’re interested in this interview
in finding out whether people paid much attention to the election
campaign this year.)
Did you watch any programs about the campaign(s) on television?
(1978,1980,1984,1990,1996,2004,2008 VERSION ’OLD,’2012: IF YES: Would you
say you watched– a good many, several, or just one or two?)
Valid
1. No, didn’t watch TV programs about the campaign
2. Yes, watched TV program(s) about the campaign [a good many, several, just one
or two, DK/NA frequency]
Missing
0. DK; NA; split versions: not asked (2008); no Post IW; form II,III,
IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984); R does not own a television
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The order of media exposure questions (VCF0724-VCF0727) may have
varied by study.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion ‘OLD’; the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version (version ‘NEW’) which was specific to the
Presidential campaign only.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520175
1956: V560199
1960: V600193
1964: V640284
1968: V680303
1972: V720463
1974: V742036
1976: V763604
1978: V780056
1980: V800749
1982: V820061
1984: V840729,V840730
1986: V860064
1990: V900065,V900066
1992: V925103
1996: V961002
2000: V001202
2002: V025002
2004: V045002,V045002a
2008: V085002
2012: mediapo_tv



VCF0725 HEAR PROGRAMS ABOUT CAMPAIGNS ON THE RADIO 2-CATEGORY
Question
1952,1956:
How about radio–did you listen to any speeches or discussions about the
campaign on the radio? (1952 only: IF YES:) Would you say you listened
quite a lot or not very much.)
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1960-1988,1992,1996:
(1960-1988: How about radio.) Did you listen to any speeches or
discussions about the campaign on the radio?
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1960-1980,1984-1988,1992 AND LATER:
Did you listen to any speeches or discussions about the campaign on the
radio? (IF YES:) How many programs about the campaign did you listen to
on the radio [1996 and later: Would you say you listened to] –a good
many, several, or just one or two?
Valid
1. No, didn’t listen to radio programs about campaign
2. Yes, listened to radio program(s) [quite a lot (1952), not very much (1952),
a good many, several, just one or two, DK/NA frequency]
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW
(1984); short form or Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0724.
2008 NOTE:
In 2008, wording was specifically for the ‘campaign for President’
and 2008 data are therefore not included.
2012 NOTE:
Same as for 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520174
1956: V560198
1960: V600192
1964: V640281
1968: V680296
1972: V720459
1976: V863600
1978: V780044
1980: V800745
1982: V820059
1984: V840723
1986: V860060
1988: V880138
1992: V923208
1996: V961335
2000: V001646
2004: V045005,V045005a



VCF0726 ARTICLES ABOUT ELECTION CAMPAIGNS IN MAGAZINES
Question
How about magazines– did you read about the campaign in any magazines.
1952 IF YES:
Would you say you read quite a lot or not very much?)
1960-1980,1984 IF YES:
How many magazine articles about the campaign would you say you read –
a good many, several, or just one or two?
Valid
1. No, didn’t read magazines about the campaign
2. Yes, read magazine(s) [quite a lot (1952), not very much (1952), a good many,
several, just one or two, DK/NA frequency]
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW
(1984); short form or Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0724.
2008 NOTE:
In 2008, wording was specifically for the ‘campaign for President’
and 2008 data are therefore not included.
2012 NOTE:
Same as for 2008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520176
1956: V560200
1960: V600194
1964: V640282
1968: V680299
1972: V720461
1976: V763602
1978: V780046
1980: V800747
1982: V820060
1984: V840725
1988: V880136
1992: V923206
1996: V961333
2004: V045004



VCF0727 NUMBER OF ARTICLES ABOUT ELECTION CAMPAIGNS IN MAGAZINES
Question
1952,1956,1960,1964,1968,1972,1976:
We’re (1952: mainly) interested in this interview in finding out whether
people paid much attention to the election campaign this year. Take
newspapers for instance–did you read (1972 ONLY: much) about the
campaign in any newspaper?
1974:
(IF R READS A DAILY NEWSPAPER:) Did you read anything about the campaign
this year in any newspaper?
1978-1986,1990:
Did you read about the campaign in any newspapers?
1988,1992 AND LATER:
(IF R HAS READ A DAILY NEWSPAPER IN THE PAST WEEK:) Did you read about
the campaign in any newspaper?
Valid
1. No, read no newspapers about the campaign
2. Yes, read newspaper(s) about the campaign
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008); form II,III,IV
(1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984); DK/NA if R reads a daily newspaper
(1974); R did not read daily paper in past week (1988, 1992, 1996);
DK/NA if R read a daily paper in past week (1988, 1992, 1996); short
form or Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See VCF0724.
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1974, 1988 and 1992, this question was preceded by a filter. The
1974 filter was: Do you read a daily newspaper? In 1988 and 1992 the
filter was: How many days in the past week did you read a daily
paper? Rs who replied ‘no’ [1974] or ‘none’ [1988] to the filter
question were not asked this question. However, 1974 Rs who replied
‘no’ have been coded 1 while 1988 and 1992 Rs who replied ‘none’ have
been coded 0.
In most years, this question was accompanied by a follow-up question
which asked how much/how often R read campaign articles, how many
campaign articles R read, or how much attention R paid to campaign
articles. If the respondent had read articles at all, regardless how
little, then R has been coded 2. Several 1986, 1990, 1992, and 1996
respondents who replied ‘yes’ to the main question, but who replied in
the followup question that they paid ‘no attention’ to articles, have
still been coded 2. From the 1980 and 1984 studies, however, several
respondents who answered ‘yes’ to the main question but who then
volunteered in the followup that they read ‘no’ articles have been
coded 1 rather than 2. The 1974 and 1978 follow-up questions have
been disregarded.
1972 NOTE:
Addition of ‘much’ to wording affected distributions significantly.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion ‘OLD’; the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version (version ‘NEW’) which was specific to the
Presidential campaign only.
2012 NOTE:
Wording in 2012 was not comparable (‘campaign for President’)
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520173
1956: V560196
1960: V600190
1964: V640279
1968: V680292
1972: V720456
1974: V742046,V742063
1976: V763645
1978: V780072
1980: V800760,V800761
1982: V820062
1984: V840727,V840728
1986: V860062
1988: V880130,V880134
1990: V900063
1992: V923204
1996: V960247
2000: V000336
2004: V043021
2008: V085008



VCF0728 COUNT OF MEDIA EXPOSURE TYPES
Question
Campaign media exposure count
Valid
1. No media
2.
3.
4.
5. All four media
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form or Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This count is available for 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976,
1978, 1980, 1982, 1984 and 1992. It is constructed from VCF0724-VCF0727
by summing the number of ‘yes’ responses, plus 1.
All variables must be asked in a given year for this count to be
calculated: however, if all vars are asked but all are coded DK/NA (0
in VCF0724-VCF0727), then VCF0728 is coded 0. If at least 1 var is
coded with valid data during a year when all 4 questions are used by
NES, then this value is computed.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0729 PARTY WITH HOUSE MAJORITY BEFORE THE ELECTION
Question
1958-1968: Do you happen to know which party had the most Congressmen
in Washington before the election this/last month? (IF NECESSARY:)
Which one?
1970 AND LATER:
Do you happen to know which party had the most members in the House of
Representatives in Washington before the elections (this/ last) month?
(IF NECESSARY:) Which one? (2000, 2004: DON’T PROBE DK)
Valid
1. Incorrect party mentioned; DK; No
2. Correct party mentioned
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For 1968,1970 and 1972, 1 response of ‘about even’ has been coded 1.
1982 NOTE:
1 response ‘other’ has been coded 1.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580019
1960: V600226
1964: V640305
1966: V660100
1968: V680386
1970: V700207(type 0)
1972: V720950
1976: V763683
1978: V780500
1980: V801028
1982: V820523
1984: V841006
1986: V860349
1988: V880878
1990: V900402
1992: V925951
1994: V941012
1996: V961072
1998: V980479
2000: V001356
2002: V025083
2004: V045089
2008: V085066
2012: knowl_housemaj
2016: V161515
2020: V201646



VCF0730 PARTY WITH HOUSE MAJORITY AFTER THE ELECTION
Question
1958-1968:
Do you happen to know which party elected the most Congressmen in the
elections this/last month? (IF YES:) Which one?
1970-1984:
Do you happen to know which party elected the most members to the House
of representatives in the elections this/last month?
Valid
1. Incorrect party mentioned; DK; No
2. Correct party mentioned
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For 1968 and 1970, 5 responses of ‘half and half’ in each year have
been coded 1.
1982 NOTE:
2 responses ‘other’ were coded 1.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580020
1960: V600227
1964: V640306
1966: V660101
1968: V680387
1970: V700208(type 0)
1972: V720951
1976: V763684
1978: V780501
1980: V801029
1982: V820524
1984: V841007



VCF0731 RESPONDENT DISCUSS POLITICS WITH FAMILY AND FRIENDS
Question
Do you ever discuss politics with your family or friends?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840105
1986: V860066
1990: V900068
1992: V925105
1994: V940128
1996: V961004
1998: V980211
2000: V001204
2002: V025003
2004: V045153
2008: V085108
2012: discuss_disc
2016: V162174
2020: V202022



VCF0732 HOW OFTEN RESPONDENT DISCUSSES POLITICS WITH FAMILY AND FRIENDS
Question
Do you ever discuss politics with your family or friends
(RESPONDENT BOOKLET)
How often do you discuss politics with your family or friends –
every day, 3 or 4 times a week, once or twice a week, or less often
than that?
Valid
1. Every day
2. 3 or 4 times a week
3. Once or twice a week
4. Less often
5. Never/No (to lead-in)
Missing
9. DK/NA how often; DK/NA if ever discuss; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 5 includes several cases where R answered ‘yes’ to lead-in
(see VCF0731) but when asked how often replied ‘never’.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840106
1986: V860067
1990: V900069
1992: V925106
1994: V940129
1998: V980212



VCF0733 HOW OFTEN IN THE LAST WEEK RESPONDENT DISCUSSED POLITICS
Question
How many days in the past week did you talk about politics with
your family or friend
Valid
0. None or never discuss politics (‘no’ to lead-in)
1. One day
2. Two days
3. Three days
4. Four days
5. Five days
6. Six days
7. Every day
Missing
9. DK/NA how often; DK/NA if ever discuss; NA how often discuss in
general; DK how often discuss in general (1992,1994); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 0 includes cases where R answered ‘yes’ to lead-in (see VCF0731)
but when asked how many days in past week replied ‘never’; it also
includes cases where R answered ‘no’ to lead-in.
Respondents with NA response for how often R discusses politics with
family and friends (VCF0732) were INAP for this question.
Beginning 1992, respondents with DK response for how often R discusses
politics with family and friends (VCF0732) were also INAP for this
question.
1984 NOTE:
If R replied ‘every day’ for how often R discusses politics with family
and friends (VCF0732) then this question was not asked; for such
respondents 7 (every day) has been coded here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840107
1986: V860068
1990: V900070
1992: V925107
1994: V940130
1996: V961005
1998: V980213
2000: V001205
2002: V025004
2004: V045153a
2008: V085108a
2012: discuss_disc,discuss_discpstwk
2016: V162174a
2020: V202023



VCF0734 INTENDED PRESIDENTIAL VOTE VERSUS ACTUAL PRESIDENTIAL VOTE
Question
Reported Pre vote intention/reported Post vote - President
Valid
1. INTENDED Democratic: voted Democratic
2. INTENDED undecided: voted Democratic; INTENDED ‘other’ party: VOTED Democratic
3. INTENDED Republican: voted Democratic
4. INTENDED Democratic: did not vote/voted ‘other’ party
5. INTENDED undecided: did not vote/voted ‘other’ party;
INTENDED ‘other’ party: did not vote/voted ‘other’ party
6. INTENDED Republican: did not vote/voted ‘other’ party
7. INTENDED Democratic: voted Republican
8. INTENDED undecided: voted Republican; INTENDED ‘other’ party: voted Republican
9. INTENDED Republican: voted Republican
Missing
0. NA who will vote for; no Pre IW; no Post IW; DK/NA if will vote;
refused to say who will vote for; will vote, but not for president;
R does not intend to vote; DK/NA who voted for; R refused to say if
voted; DK/NA if voted; refused to say who voted for; voted, but not
for president
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Derived from VCF0706 and VCF0713.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0735 VOTE FOR U.S. HOUSE- CANDIDATE CODE
Question
Candidate code of House vote
Valid
IFR VOTED IN DISTRICT OF INTERVIEW:
DISTRICTS W/NO INCUMBENT RUNNING:
31. Democratic candidate
32. Republican candidate
DISTRICTS W/ RUNNING INCUMBENT:
33. Democratic incumbent
34. Republican incumbent
35. Democratic candidate
36. Republican candidate
39. Independent/minor party incumbent
DISTRICT W/ 2 RUNNING INCUMBENTS (REDISTRICTING):
71. Democratic incumbent in district with 2 incumbents (2012)
72. Republican incumbent in district with 2 incumbents (2012)
IF R VOTED OUTSIDE DISTRICT OF INTERVIEW:
DISTRICTS W/NO INCUMBENT RUNNING:
81. Democratic candidate
82. Republican candidate
IF R VOTED OUTSIDE DISTRICT OF INTERVIEW:
DISTRICTS W/ RUNNING INCUMBENT:
83. Democratic incumbent
84. Republican incumbent
85. Democratic challenger
86. Republican challenger
IF R VOTED OUTSIDE DISTRICT OF INTERVIEW:
ALL ‘OUTSIDE’ DISTRICTS:
91. DEMOCRAT – no name given
92. REPUBLICAN–no name given
ALL DISTRICTS:
97. Non-incumbent minor party candidate; non-incumbent
independent candidate; name given not on candidate
list for race
Missing
98. DK; refused to name candidate
99. NA; District of Columbia (1982,1986,1996); write-in candidate
(1982); Louisiana (1978,1980, 1982,1986); Florida (1978); no Post IW
00. R did not vote; NA/DK if voted; refused to say if voted; voted but not
for House of Representatives; DK/NA if voted for House of
Representatives
INAP. question not used
Notes
See 1978-later question wording VCF0707.
See also VCF1011-VCF1013
GENERAL NOTE:
1980 was the first year that ‘outside’ Congressional District voting
was identified.
Codes 81-92 first appeared in 1980 study data (not in 1978 data).
1992 and later: Code 97 includes cases where R volunteered that
he/she voted ‘a straight ticket’ but no candidate for R’s party ran;
it also includes cases where R insists that he/she voted for a
specific party’s candidate but no candidate from that party ran in R’s
district. For Rs who voted outside district of interview location,
code 97 also includes candidates named by R but whose CD and party are
not known. It also includes cases where R names a candidate but the
name is not among names of candidates within a known ‘outside’ CD.
2012 NOTE:
Candidate codes were not assigned 2012 and later.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780474
1980: V800998
1982: V820507
1984: V840792
1986: V860266
1988: V880767
1990: V900288
1992: V925622
1994: V940613
1996: V961088
1998: V980312
2000: V001262
2002: V025028b
2004: V045033x
2008: V085050x
2012: typerace2012_hse,prevote_hsvtbc,prevote_hsvtnobc,postvote_hsvtbc,postvote_hsvtnobc



VCF0736 VOTE FOR U.S. HOUSE- PARTY
Question
Congressional vote: including ‘other’ (see also: VCF0707)
Valid
1. Democrat
5. Republican
7. Other
Missing
0. DK; NA; R did not vote; R refused to say if voted; DK/NA if voted;
refused to say who voted for; name given by R not on candidate list
(1978-1988); Washington D.C.; no Post IW; voted, but not for House of
Representatives; DK/NA if voted for House of Representatives; forms
III,IV (1972); special districts with no House race in 1978 (LA03,
LA07, FL08, FL10); special districts with no House race in 1980 (LA03,
LA07); special districts with no House race in 1982 (LA05, LA07);
special district with no House race in 1986 (LA04)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0707.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520187
1956: V560212
1958: V580081
1960: V600211
1962: V620042
1964: V640290
1966: V660112
1968: V680323
1970: V700215(type 0)
1972: V720485
1974: V742322
1976: V763673
1978: V780474
1980: V800998
1982: V820507
1984: V840792
1986: V860266
1988: V880768
1990: V900289
1992: V925623
1994: V940614
1996: V961089
1998: V980313
2000: V001263
2002: V025028b
2004: V045032x
2008: V085049x
2012: typerace2012_hse,prevote_hsvtbc,prevote_hsvtnobc,postvote_hsvtbc,postvote_hsvtnobc
2016: V162067x
2020: V202111x



VCF0737 REGISTERED TO VOTE POST-ELECTION
Question
1948:
Were you registered (eligible) to vote?
All years exc. 1948:
Were you registered to vote in this election?
Valid
1. No
2. Yes (includes Rs who reported voting)
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington, D.C.; NA if R voted; DK if R voted
(1982 only); abbrev. Telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is a post var. For the pre version, see VCF0701.
This question was asked of non-voters and, except for 1982, was also
asked of Rs who did not know whether they voted.
A few Rs declared they were not required to register and are coded 9.
Beginning in 2012, respondents were asked where they were registered
in both the Pre and Post. Summary registration status for these years
can be found in VCF0703.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V480026
1952: V520181
1978: V780484
1980: V801011
1982: V820519
1984: V840802
1986: V860276
1988: V880757
1990: V900280
1992: V925602
1994: V940602
1996: V961075
1998: V980304
2000: V001241,V001242
2002: V025016,V025017
2004: V045018x
2008: V085039a



VCF0738 PARTY OF REGISTRATION POST-ELECTION
Question
Were you registered in this election as being a Republican, a Democrat,
an Independent or what?
Valid
1. Democratic party
5. Republican party
6. Voters: not required to declare party (VOLUNTEERED);
voters: not required to register (VOLUNTEERED);
non-voters: registered, not required to declare party (VOLUNTEERED)
7. Independent
8. Other party
Missing
9. DK; absentee voter; NA; nonvoter who declares that voters are
not required to register; NA if voted; refused to say if voted; DK if
registered; NA if registered; R voted but stated s/he was not registered
(Volunteered: 3 cases in 1978, 1 case in 1980, 5 cases in 1982, 1 case
in 1984, 2 cases in 1986); no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
0. R was not registered
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is a post var, asked of voters and of registered non-voters (and
also asked of Rs who did not know if they voted but who stated that
they were registered).
For voter or registered nonvoter who stated that registration did not
require declaration of party in R’s area or if R was a (reported) voter
who stated that voters were not required to register: 6 has been coded.
Nonvoter Rs who replied that voters were not required to register in
their area have been coded 9. Nonvoter Rs who replied ‘DK’ or NA when
asked if they were registered have also been coded 9. Nonvoter Rs who
replied that they were registered but, when asked for party of
registration, replied that voters were not required to register in
their areas have been coded 9.
If R was a non-voter who first declared registration status but, when
asked for party registered, replied that R was not registered, 0 has
been coded.
Beginning in 2012, respondents were asked party of registration in both
the Pre and Post. A future release of the CDF will provide a summary
variable for party of registration that is not wave specific.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780471,V780485
1980: V800989,V801012
1982: V820502,V820520
1984: V840784,V840803
1986: V860262,V860277



VCF0738a PARTY OF REGISTRATION PRE-ELECTION
Question
(IF R IS REGISTERED) Are you registered as being a Republican, a
Democrat or anything else?
Valid
1. Democratic party
5. Republican party
6. No party/none (1976 also includes: none required)
8. Other
Missing
9. DK; NA; DK/NA if R registered; form II (1972)
0. R was not registered
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is a pre-election variable.
Beginning in 2012, respondents were asked party of registration in both
the Pre and Post. A future release of the CDF will provide a summary
variable for party of registration that is not wave specific.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720164,V720165
1976: V763032,V763033



VCF0739 RESPONDENT MADE $1 TAX CHECKOFF FOR POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION
Question
1980-1984: Now for a few questions about giving money during this last
election campaign.
All YEARS:
Did you use the one-dollar check-off option on your
Federal income tax return to make a political contribution this year?’
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 2 includes volunteered responses that R does not file a federal
income tax form.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800799
1982: V820478
1984: V840824
1986: V860319
1988: V880829
1990: V900370
1992: V925814



VCF0740 CONTRIBUTE TO POLITICAL PARTY DURING THE CAMPAIGNS
Question
1980-1982:
Apart from contributions to specific candidates, how about contributions
to any of the political parties? Did you give money to a political party
during this election year?
1984:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns. During the last year did you give any
money to an individual candidate, a political party organization, people
supporting a ballot proposition, or to a particular issue or interest
group? (IF YES:) Apart from contributions to specific candidates, how
about contributions to a political party organization? Did you give
money to a political party during this election year?
1986:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns. During the past year did you give
any money to an individual candidate, or to a political party
organization? (IF YES:) Apart from contributions to specific candidates,
how about contributions to a political party organization? Did you give
money to a political party during this election year?
1988 AND LATER:
Did you give money to a political party during this election year?
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1984 NOTE:
If R responded ‘no’ to the filter question, this has been coded 2.
1986 NOTE:
same as 1984.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800811
1982: V820490
1984: V840825,V840826
1986: V860320,V860323
1988: V880832
1990: V900373
1992: V925817
1994: V940814
1996: V961171
1998: V980367
2000: V001231
2002: V025012
2004: V045015
2008: V085034
2012: mobilpo_ctbpty
2016: V162016



VCF0741 CONTRIBUTE TO PAC DURING THE CAMPAIGNS
Question
1984:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns. During the last year did you give any
money to an individual candidate, a political party organization, people
supporting a ballot proposition, or to a particular issue or interest
group? (IF YES:) Did you give any money to any other group that
supported or opposed candidates?
1986:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns. During the past year did you give
any money to an individual candidate, or to a political party
organization? (IF YES:) Did you give any money to any other group that
supported or opposed candidates?
ALL OTHER YEARS:
Did you give any money to any other group that supported or opposed
candidates?
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1984 NOTE:
If R responded ‘no’ to the filter question, this has been coded 2.
1986 NOTE:
same as 1984.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840825,V840831
1986: V860320,V860325
1988: V880834
1990: V900375
1992: V925819
1994: V940816
1996: V961173
1998: V980369
2000: V001233
2002: V025013
2004: V045016
2008: V085035
2012: mobilpo_ctboth
2016: V162017



VCF0742 GIVE MONEY TO INDIVIDUAL CANDIDATE DURING THE CAMPAIGNS
Question
1980,1982:
What about other political contributions [other than tax check-offs].
Did you give any money this year to a candidate running for public
office?
1984:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns. During the past year, did you give
any money to an individual candidate, to a political party organization,
people supporting a ballot proposition, or to a particular issue or
interest group? (IF YES:) Now, apart from contributions to a political
party, did you give any money to an individual candidate running for
public office?
1986:
As you know, during an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns. During the past year, did you give
any money to an individual candidate, or to a political party
organization? (IF YES:) Now, apart from any contributions to a political
party, did you give money to an individual candidate running for public
office?
1988 AND LATER:
During an election year people are often asked to make a contribution to
support campaigns. Did you give money to an individual candidate
running for public office?
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
0. DK; NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1984 NOTE:
If R responded ‘no’ to the filter question, this has been coded 2.
1986 NOTE:
same as 1984.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800802
1982: V820481
1984: V840825,V840828
1986: V860320,V860321
1988: V880830
1990: V900371
1992: V925815
1994: V940812
1996: V961169
1998: V980365
2000: V001229
2002: V025011
2004: V045014
2008: V085033
2012: mobilpo_ctbcand
2016: V162014



VCF0743 DOES R BELONG TO POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OR CLUB
Question
Do you belong to any political club or organization?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
1962 NOTE:
The following optional text was also included: ‘to help one of the
parties or candidates’.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520207
1956: V560219
1960: V600219
1962: V620053
1964: V640316
1968: V680400
1970: V700172(type 0)
1978: V780463
1980: V800798
1982: V820477



VCF0744 HAVE ACCESS TO INTERNET
Question
Do you have access to the Internet or the World Wide Web [exc. 2008:
(‘the Web’)]?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
2012 NOTE:
In 2012, the question was asked about anyone in the household rather
than asked about respondent’s access to the internet.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1996: V961160
1998: V980209
2000: V001433
2004: V045155
2008: V083018



VCF0745 SAW ELECTION CAMPAIGN INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET
Question
1996-2004: (IF R HAS ACCESS TO THE INTERNET/WEB:) Have you seen any
information about this election campaign on (the Internet/the Web)?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No; R does not have access
Missing
9. DK; NA; DK/NA if has access; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For years 1996-2004, this question is a follow-up to VCF0744.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1996: V961161
1998: V980210
2000: V001434
2004: V045155,V045155a



VCF0746 DID RELIGIOUS/MORAL GROUP TRY TO INFLUENCE RESPONDENT VOTE
Question
Were there any groups concerned with moral or religious issues that
tried to encourage you to vote in a particular way?
Valid
1. Yes, there were groups
5. No, no groups tried to encourage
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1996: V961175
1998: V980355
2000: V001235



VCF0747 INFORMATION ABOUT CANDIDATES/PARTIES/ISSUES AT CHURCH
Question
Was information about candidates, parties, or political issues made
available in your place of worship before the election?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No, no information available
7. No, don’t attend church [VOL]
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1996: V961176
1998: V980356
2000: V001236



VCF0748 VOTED ON ELECTION DAY OR BEFORE
Question
Did you vote on election day – that is [date of election] or did
you vote at some time before this?
Valid
1. On election day
5. Some time before
Missing
9. DK; NA; R did not vote; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1994: V940607
1996: V961078
1998: V980308
2000: V001245
2002: V025021
2004: V045023
2008: V085042
2020: V202116



VCF0749 HOW LONG BEFORE ELECTION DID RESPONDENT VOTE
Question
(IF R VOTED BEFORE ELECTION DAY: )
How long before [date of election] did you vote?
Valid
01. Less than one week, 1-6 days
02. One week; 7 days
03. 1-2 weeks; 8-14 days
04. 2-3 weeks; 15-21 days
05. 3-4 weeks; 22-28 days
06. One month; 29-31 days
07. More than one month; 32-60 days
11. A few days; a couple of days; several days – NFS
12. A few weeks; a couple of weeks; several weeks – NFS
91. More than a few days – NFS
92. More than a few weeks –NFS
97. Other
Missing
99. DK; NA; R did not vote; R did not vote before election day or
DK/NA if voted before election day; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
2012 NOTE:
Not yet coded for the 2012 Time Series.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1994: V940608
1996: V961079
1998: V980309
2000: V001246
2002: V025022
2004: V045023a
2008: V085042a



VCF0750 VOTE IN PERSON OR WITH ABSENTEE BALLOT
Question
(IF R VOTED BEFORE ELECTION DAY: )
Did you vote in person or by absentee ballot?
Valid
1. In person
5. Absentee ballot
7. R volunteers: by mail [OREGON ONLY]
Missing
9. DK; NA; R did not vote; R did not vote prior to election day; no
Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900284
1992: V925606
1994: V940609
1996: V961080
1998: V980310
2000: V001247
2002: V025023
2004: V045024
2008: 08503



VCF0801 THERMOMETER INDEX - RATING OF LIBERALS AND CONSERVATIVES
Question
Liberal/conservative index
Valid
00. Most liberal
.
49. Neutral
.
97. Most conservative
Missing
98. DK in VCF0211 or VCF0212; don’t recognize OR can’t rate (1980 and
later) in VCF0211 or VCF0212, or both
99. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This index is constructed from the thermometer score for liberals
(VCF0211) and the thermometer score for conservatives (VCF0212).
The calculation used is the following: First, the value of VCF0211 is
subtracted from 97, and that difference is added to the value of
VCF0212. This sum is then divided by 2, and .5 is added to the
result. Finally, the solution is truncated to obtain an integer
value. If either VCF0211 or VCF0212 is 98, then VCF0801 is coded 98;
99 is coded in VCF0801 if it is the only missing data value coded
in VCF0211,VCF0212.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0803 LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE SCALE
Question
ALL YEARS EXC. 2000 TELEPHONE,2002:
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives. Here
is (1972,1974: I’m going to show you) a 7-point scale on which the
political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely
liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t you thought
much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
2000 TELEPHONE:
When it comes to politics, do you usually think of yourself as extremely
liberal, liberal, slightly liberal, moderate or middle of the road,
slightly conservative, extremely conservative, or haven’t you thought
much about this?
2002:
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives. When
it comes to politics, do you usually think of yourself as extremely
liberal, liberal, slightly liberal, moderate or middle of the road,
slightly conservative, extremely conservative, or haven’t you thought
much about this?
Valid
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate, middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative
9. DK; haven’t thought much about it
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972); R not administered 7pt scale
series (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For years 1984 and later, a follow-up ‘choice’ question was asked of
respondents who replied ‘don’t know’ or ‘haven’t thought much’ to this
question; except for years 1984, 1986 and 1990 this follow-up ‘choice’
question was also asked of respondents who answered ‘moderate.’ For
these years, a final 3-category summary was constructed: the ‘choice’
question is found in VCF0824; the final 3-category summary is VCF0849.
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
using both modes (telephone and personal).
In addition to the traditional 7-point scale version of this question,
approximately half of the 2000 Study respondents (both modes) were
instead randomly selected for administration of a branching series.
2012 NOTE:
Due to an error in the technical specifications, option ‘Haven’t
thought much about it’ was not included in the web instrument; code 9
represents FTF cases only.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720652
1974: V742305
1976: V763286
1978: V780399
1980: V800267
1982: V820393
1984: V840369
1986: V860385
1988: V880228
1990: V900406
1992: V923509
1994: V940839
1996: V960365
1998: V980399
2000: V000440
2002: V023022
2004: V045117
2008: V083069
2012: libcpre_self
2016: V162171
2020: V201200
2024: V241177



VCF0804 LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE SCALE 1972- COLLAPSED
Question
ALL YEARS EXC. 2000 TELEPHONE,2002:
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives. Here
is (1972,1974: I’m going to show you) a 7-point scale on which the
political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely
liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t you thought
much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
2000 TELEPHONE:
When it comes to politics, do you usually think of yourself as extremely
liberal, liberal, slightly liberal, moderate or middle of the road,
slightly conservative, extremely conservative, or haven’t you thought
much about this?
2002:
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives. When
it comes to politics, do you usually think of yourself as extremely
liberal, liberal, slightly liberal, moderate or middle of the road,
slightly conservative, extremely conservative, or haven’t you thought
much about this?
Valid
1. Liberal
2. Moderate, middle of the road
3. Conservative
9. DK; haven’t thought much about it
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See also: VCF0801, VCF0824 AND VCF0849.
GENERAL NOTE:
This collapses VCF0803: 1-3=1, 4=2, 5-7=3.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0805 GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE WITH MEDICAL CARE
Question
1956,1960:
Around election time people talk about different things that our
government in Washington is doing or should be doing. Now I would like
to talk to you about some of the things that our government might do.
Of course, different things are important to different people, so we
don’t expect everyone to have an opinion about all of these. I would
like you to look at this card as I read each question and tell me how
you feel about the question. If you don’t have an opinion, just tell me
that; if you do have an opinion, choose one of the other answers.]
(CARD WITH RESPONSE CHOICES SHOWN TO R: AGREE STRONGLY/ AGREE BUT NOT
VERY STRONGLY/ NOT SURE, IT DEPENDS/DISAGREE BUT NOT VERY STRONGLY/
DISAGREE VERY STRONGLY).
‘The government ought to help people get doctors and hospital care at
low cost.’
1962:
Now on a different problem. ‘The government ought to help people get
doctors and hospital care at low cost.’ Do you have an opinion on this
or not? (IF YES:) Do you agree that the government should do this or do
you think the government should not do it.
1964,1968:
Some say the government in Washington ought to help people get doctors
and hospital care at low cost; others say the government should not get
into this. Have you been interested enough in this to favor one side
over the other? (IF YES) What is your position?
Valid
1. Opinion: help people get doctors and hospital care at low cost
2. Opinion: stay out of this
9. No opinion; DK; not sure; depends; no interest; both; other
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
See also: VCF0806.
GENERAL NOTE:
For 1956 and 1960, ‘agree strongly’ and ‘agree but not very strongly’
were coded 1. ‘Disagree strongly’ and ‘disagree but not very
strongly’ were coded 2.
1962 NOTE:
‘Yes,’ ‘yes, qualified,’ ‘yes, for the aged’ and ‘yes, for those who
need it, for those financially unable’ were coded 1.
‘No,’ ‘no, qualified,’ and ‘no, except for the aged’ were coded 2.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560038
1960: V600066
1962: V620057,V620058
1964: V640074
1968: V680064



VCF0806 GOVERNMENT HEALTH INSURANCE SCALE
Question
There is much concern about the rapid rise in medical and hospital
costs. Some (1988,1994-LATER: people) feel there should be a
government insurance plan which would cover all medical and hospital
expenses (1984 AND LATER: for everyone). (1996,2004: Suppose these
people are at one end of a scale, at point 1). Others feel that
(1988,1994-1996: all) medical expenses should be paid by individuals,
and through private insurance (1984 AND LATER: plans) like Blue Cross
(1984-1994: or [1996:some] other company paid plans). (1996,2004:
Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7. And of course,
some people have opinions somewhere in between at points 2,3,4,5 or 6.)
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t you thought
much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government insurance plan
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Private insurance plan
9. DK; haven’t thought much about it
Missing
0. NA; split versions: not asked (2008); Form II (1972); no Post IW;
telephone IW (1984: see VCF0015, 2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0805.
2000 NOTE 1:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face. Respondents interviewed by telephone were asked a
branching series and are not included.
2000 NOTE 2:
Approximately half of the respondents were randomly selected to be
administered this question with the introduction read with the
endpoint options in reverse order [private option first] and the
endpoint labels in the respondent booklet reversed.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion ‘OLD’; the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version (version ‘NEW’).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700134(type 0)
1972: V720208
1976: V763273
1978: V780381
1984: V841058
1988: V880318
1992: V923716
1994: V940950
1996: V960479
2000: V000609
2004: V043150
2008: V083119
2012: inspre_self
2016: V161184
2020: V201252
2024: V241245



VCF0808 GUARANTEED JOBS AND INCOME
Question
1956-1960:
(Same introduction as in VCF0805 [CARD WITH RESPONSES SHOWN]).
‘The government in Washington ought to see to it that everybody who
wants to work can find a job.’
1964,1968:
In general, some people feel that the government in Washington should
see to it that every person has a job and a good standard of living.
Others think the government should just let each person get ahead on his
own.’ Have you been interested enough in this to favor one side over
the other. (IF YES:) Do you think that the government –
2002:
Some people feel the government in Washington should see to it that
every person has A JOB AND A GOOD STANDARD OF LIVING. Others think the
government should just LET EACH PERSON GET AHEAD ON THEIR OWN. Which is
closer to the way you feel or haven’t you thought much about this?
Valid
1. Yes, government should see to it that every person has a job and a good
standard of living
2. Yes, should let each person get ahead on his own
9. Depends; other; both; no opinion; DK; no interest; haven’t thought much about
this (2002)
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
See also: VCF0809.
GENERAL NOTE:
For 1956, 1958 and 1960, ‘agree strongly’ and ‘agree but not very
strongly’ were coded 1. ‘Disagree strongly’ and ‘disagree but not
very strongly’ were coded 2.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560032
1958: V580023
1960: V600054
1964: V640078
1968: V680066
2002: V025122



VCF0809 GUARANTEED JOBS AND INCOME SCALE
Question
Some people feel that the government in Washington should see to it
that every person has a job and a good standard of living. (1972-
1978,1996-LATER: Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at
point 1). Others think the government should just let each person get
ahead on his/their own. (1972-1978,1996: Suppose these people are at
the other end, at point 7. And, of course, some other people have
opinions somewhere in between, at pints 2,3,4,5 or 6.)
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t you thought
much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on his own
9. DK; haven’t thought much about it
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008); form A (1986);
telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also: VCF0808.
1972 NOTE:
This question was asked in the pre for form I and in the post for form
II (and IV).
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face. Respondents interviewed by telephone were asked a
branching series and are not included here.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion ‘OLD’; the remaining respondents were administered an
alternative version (version ‘NEW’).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V721067
1974: V742265
1976: V763241
1978: V780357
1980: V801110
1982: V820425
1984: V840414
1986: V860486
1988: V880323
1990: V900446
1992: V923718
1994: V940930
1996: V960483
1998: V980457
2000: V000615
2004: V043152
2008: V083128
2012: guarpr_self
2016: V161189
2020: V201255
2024: V241252



VCF0811 URBAN UNREST SCALE
Question
There is much discussion about the best way to deal with the problem
of urban unrest and rioting. Some say it is more important to use all
available force to maintain law and order – no matter what results.
Others say it is more important to correct the problems of poverty and
unemployment that give rise to the disturbances.
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t you thought
much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Solve problems of poverty and unemployment
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Use all available force
Missing
9. DK; haven’t thought much about it
0. NA; no Post IW; form I,III (1972); short form or Spanish language
(1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1968 NOTE:
In contrast to other years, R self-placement followed rather than
preceded placements of parties/political figures.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680464
1970: V700085(type 0)
1972: V720670
1974: V742273
1976: V763767
1992: V923746



VCF0813 HOW MUCH HAS THE POSITION OF BLACKS CHANGED
Question
1964-1976:
In the past few years we have heard a lot about civil rights groups
working to improve the position of the Negro in this country. How much
real change do you think there has been in the position of the Negro in
the past few years: a lot, some, or not much at all?
1984 AND LATER:
In the past few years, we have heard a lot about improving the position
of black people in this country. How much real change do you think
there has been in the position of black people in the past few years: a
lot, some, or not much at all?
Valid
1. Not much at all
2. Some
3. A lot
9. DK; depends
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (1984); form A (1986); form B (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1964: V640104
1966: V660042
1968: V680080
1970: V700070(type 2)
1972: V720111
1976: V763212
1984: V841075
1986: V860562
1988: V880846
1990: V900519
1992: V925930
1994: V941005



VCF0814 CIVIL RIGHTS PUSHES TOO FAST OR NOT FAST ENOUGH
Question
Some say that the civil rights people have been trying to push too
fast. Others feel they haven’t pushed fast enough.
How about you: Do you think that civil rights leaders are trying to
push too fast, are going too slowly, or are they moving about the
right speed?
Valid
1. Too slowly
2. About right (1968 only: pro-con)
3. Too fast
9. DK; depends; other
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (1984); form A (1986); form B (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1966 NOTE:
2 additional code categories were present besides those appearing
here. For 1966, ‘mostly about right but some going too fast’ (8 cases)
was recoded to 3 here, and ‘mostly about right but some going too
slowly’ (1 case) was recoded to 1.
1968 NOTE:
The category ‘about right’ was a combination category which also
included ‘pro-con.’
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1964: V640105
1966: V660043
1968: V680081
1970: V700071(type 2)
1972: V720112
1974: V742264
1976: V763213
1980: V801132
1984: V841073
1986: V860559
1988: V880845
1990: V900518
1992: V925929



VCF0815 SEGREGATION OR DESEGREGATION
Question
(1964,1968-1972, 1976: What about you?)
Are you in favor of desegregation, strict segregation, or something in
between?
Valid
1. Desegregation
2. In between
3. Strict segregation
9. Don’t know
Missing
0. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
In years except 1978, this question followed questions asking R to
evaluate whether blacks/whites in R’s area favor segregation.
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1964: V640127
1968: V680088
1970: V700077(type 2)
1972: V720118
1976: V763217
1978: V780444



VCF0816 SHOULD GOVERNMENT ENSURE SCHOOL INTEGRATION
Question
1962:
How about this statement, ‘The government in Washington should see to it
that white and colored children are allowed to go to the same
schools.’ Do you have an opinion on this or not? (IF YES:) Do you
agree that the government should do this or do you think that the
government should not do it?
1964-1986,1990 AND LATER:
Some people say that the government in Washington should see to it that
white and black (1962-1966: colored; 1968,1970: Negro) children go (1964-
1970: are allowed to go) to the same schools. Others claim this is not
the government’s business. Have you been concerned (1986,1990 AND LATER:
interested) enough about [in] this question to favor one side over the
other? (IF YES)
Do you think the government in Washington should —
Valid
1. Yes, R has an opinion: see to it that white and black children go
(1962-1970: are allowed to go) to the same schools
2. Yes, R has an opinion: stay out of this area (except 1962: as it
is none of government’s business)
9. No, no opinion; DK; depends; no interest/concern; other; both; pro-con
Missing
0. NA; Form A (1986); form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1962 NOTE:
Additional code categories were present besides those appearing here.
1962 categories ‘yes, qualified,’ ‘yes, but there should be no force.
Moderate. Gradual,’ and ‘no, qualified’ were recoded to 9 here.
1976 NOTE:
‘Anti-busing statement qualified with statement that R is not against
integration or opportunity’ has been included in code 9.
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1962: V620062
1964: V640100
1966: V660025
1968: V680075
1970: V700062(type 2)
1972: V720106
1976: V763211
1978: V780443
1986: V860485
1990: V900470
1992: V925931,V925932
1994: V941003,V941004
2000: V000746,V000747



VCF0817 SCHOOL BUSING SCALE
Question
There is much discussion about the best way to deal with racial
problems. Some people think achieving racial integration of schools
is so important that it justifies busing children to schools out of
their own neighborhoods. Others think letting children go to their
neighborhood schools is so important that they oppose busing.
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t you thought
much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Bus to achieve integration
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Keep children in neighborhood schools
9. DK; haven’t thought much about it
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (1984: See VCF0015)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720202
1974: V742288
1976: V763257
1980: V801133
1984: V841074



VCF0818 SHOULD GOVERNMENT ENSURE FAIR JOBS/HOUSING FOR BLACKS
Question
1956,1960:
If Negroes are not getting fair treatment in jobs and housing, the
government should see to it that they do’
1958:
If Negroes are not getting fair treatment in jobs and housing, the
government should see to it that they do. Do you have an opinion
on this or not? (IF YES:) Do you think the government should do
this.
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree but not very strongly
3. Not sure; depends; DK; no opinion
4. Disagree but not very strongly
5. Disagree strongly
Missing
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF9037 (jobs only).
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1956: V560044
1958: V580031
1960: V600062



VCF0819 OPEN HOUSING
Question
1964,1968-1972,1976:
Which of these statements would you agree with: (STATEMENTS CONTAINED IN
CODE CATEGORIES READ TO R)
1966:
Some people say that Negroes should be allowed to live in any part of
town they want to. How do you feel? Should Negroes be allowed to live
in any part of town they want to, or not?
Valid
1. White people have a right to keep Negroes out of their neighborhoods
if they want to
2. Negroes have a right to live wherever they can afford to, just like anybody
else
9. DK; depends; can’t decide; both
Missing
0. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1966 NOTE:
code categories were: ‘should be allowed’ (recoded to 2 HERE), ‘should
be allowed, qualified’ (recoded to 2), ‘should not be allowed’ (recoded
to 1) and ‘should not be allowed, qualified’ (recoded to 1).
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1964: V640116
1966: V660152
1968: V680084
1970: V700068(type 2)
1972: V720115
1976: V763214



VCF0820 DO WHITES IN THE AREA FAVOR SEGREGATION
Question
How about white people in this area? How many would you say are in
favor of strict segregation of the races - all of them, most of them,
about half, less than half of them, or none of them?
Valid
1. None of them
2. Less than half
3. About half
4. Most of them
5. All of them
9. DK
Missing
0. NA; no whites in R’s area; Rs erroneously not asked this question
(1964)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
In all years, this question followed VCF0821.
‘No whites in area’ is represented in code 0.
1964 NOTE 1:
219 were not asked this question by error.
1964 NOTE 2:
This question was preceded by 7 questions about the racial composition
of R’s neighborhood, nearest grade school, nearest junior high school,
nearest high school, co-workers, friends and of the people where R
shops and trades. If the responses to these 7 questions did not reveal
the presence of any white people, then this question was not asked, and
VCF0820 has been coded 0.
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1964: V640126
1968: V680087
1970: V700076(type 2)
1972: V720117
1976: V763216



VCF0821 DO BLACKS IN THE AREA FAVOR DESEGREGATION
Question
In general, how many of the black people (1964,1968,1970: Negroes) in
this area would you say are in favor of desegregation – all of them,
most of them, about half, less than half of them, or none of them?
Valid
1. None of them
2. Less than half
3. About half
4. Most of them
5. All of them
9. DK
Missing
0. NA; no Blacks in R’s area
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
In all years, this question followed VCF0821.
‘No blacks in area’ is represented in code 0.
1964 NOTE 1:
219 were not asked this question by error.
1964 NOTE 2:
This question was preceded by 7 questions about the racial composition
of R’s neighborhood, nearest grade school, nearest junior high school,
nearest high school, co-workers, friends and of the people where R
shops and trades. If the responses to these 7 questions did not reveal
the presence of any white people, then this question was not asked, and
VCF0820 has been coded 0.
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1964: V640125
1968: V680086
1970: V700074(type 2)
1972: V720116
1976: V763215



VCF0822 RATING OF GOVERNMENT ECONOMIC POLICY
Question
As to the economic policy of the government – I mean steps taken to
fight inflation or unemployment – would you say the government is
doing a good job, only fair, or a poor job?
Valid
1. Poor job
2. Only fair
3. Good job
Missing
9. DK
0. NA; Form II,III,IV (1972); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720512
1974: V742317
1976: V763748



VCF0823 BETTER OFF IF U.S. UNCONCERNED WITH REST OF WORLD
Question
1956-1960: (Same introduction as in VCF0805 [CARD WITH RESPONSES SHOWN]).
1968,1980:
Now I’d like to read some of the things people tell us when we interview
them (1968: and ask you; 1980: As I read, please tell me) whether you
agree or disagree with them.
1972: I’d like you to tell me whether you agree or disagree with each
of these next six statements.
1976: I am going to read you two statements about US foreign policy and
I would like you to tell me whether you agree or disagree with each
statement
1984-1988,1992: I am going to read a statement about US foreign policy,
and I would like you to tell me whether you agree or disagree.
1990,1994-LATER: Do you agree or disagree with this statement.
ALL YEARS:
‘This country would be better off if we just stayed home and did not
concern ourselves with problems in other parts of the world.’
Valid
1. Agree (1956-1960: incl. ‘agree strongly’ and ‘agree but not strongly’)
2. Disagree (1956-1960: incl. ‘disagree strongly’ and ‘disagree but not strongly’)
9. DK; depends; not sure; no opinion, can’t say; refused to say
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; telephone IW (1984: see v.15); form B
(1986); form A (1990); noncomparable question format (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly selected for administration of the standard
version of this question or an alternative version offering opposing
positions on isolationism. Only data from the traditional format are
represented here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560035
1958: V580025
1960: V600056
1968: V680522
1972: V720291
1976: V763926
1980: V801036
1984: V841057
1986: V860535
1988: V880254
1990: V900498
1992: V923604
1994: V941019
1996: V960410
1998: V980488
2000: V000513a
2002: V023033
2004: V043113
2008: V083096
2012: usworld_stay
2016: V161153
2020: V201347
2024: V241310



VCF0824 IF COMPELLED TO CHOOSE LIBERAL OR CONSERVATIVE
Question
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
Here is (1972,1974: I’m going to show you) a 7-point scale on which
the political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely
liberal to extremely conservative. Where would you place yourself on
this scale, or haven’t you thought much about this? (7-POINT SCALE
SHOWN TO R).
(IF R RESPONDS ‘DON’T KNOW’ OR ‘HAVEN’T THOUGHT MUCH ABOUT THIS’ IN
1984 AND LATER; IF R RESPONDS ‘MODERATE’ IN 1988,1992,1996-LATER:)
If you had to choose, would you consider yourself a liberal or a
conservative?
Valid
1. Liberal
3. Moderate (‘middle of the road’) [VOL]
5. Conservative
7. R refuses to choose
8. DK
Missing
9. NA in either question; technical error (2020)
0. R has made choice on 7pt scale VCF0803 1984,1986,1990); R has made
choice on VCF0803 7pt scale other than ‘moderate’ (1988,1992 and later);
R not administered 7pt scale series (2000); no post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
See also VCF0803 and VCF0849.
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the follow-up ‘choice’ question asked 1984 and later of Rs
who replied to the full 7-point scale question (VCF0803) with ‘Don’t
know’ or ‘haven’t thought much’; except for years 1984, 1986 and 1990
this question was also asked of Respondents who answered ‘moderate.’
Using the initial 7-point scale (VCF0803) and this follow-up, a final
3-category summary was also constructed in these years: the final 3-
category summary is VCF0849.
If R’s response to the 7-point scale question (VCF0803) was NA then
this follow-up question was not asked.
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
using both modes; approximately half of the 2000 Study respondents (both
modes) were randomly selected for administration of a branching
series. The latter respondents are excluded here.
In 2020, one case was coded -4 ‘technical error’; this has been coded ‘0’ in the Cumulative Data File.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840370
1986: V860386
1988: V880229
1990: V900407
1992: V923511,V923512
1994: V940839,V940840
1996: V960366
1998: V980401
2000: V000441
2002: V023023
2004: V045117,V045117a
2008: V083069a
2012: libcpre_choose
2016: V161127
2020: V201201



VCF0825 HOW LIKELY FOR U.S. TO BE AT WAR/IN BIGGER WAR
Question
How about the chances of our country getting into a bigger war?
Compared to a few years ago, do you think we are more likely, less
likely, or have about the same chances to get into a bigger war?
Valid
1. Less likely
2. About the same chances
3. More likely
9. DK; depends
Missing
0. NA; Form II (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
Weight
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z
Sources
1966: V660039
1968: V680116
1970: V700045(type 1)
1972: V720051



VCF0826 DID U.S. DO RIGHT THING GETTING INVOLVED IN WAR
Question
1952:
Do you think we did the right thing in getting into the fighting in
Korea two years ago or should we have stayed out?
1964,1966:
Have you been paying attention to what is going on in Vietnam? (IF
YES:) Do you think we did the right thing in getting into the fighting
in Vietnam or should we have stayed out?
1968-1972:
Do you think we did the right thing in getting into the fighting in
Vietnam or should we have stayed out?
2008:
Do you think the United States should or should not have sent
troops to fight the war in Iraq in 2003?
Valid
1. No, should have stayed out
2. Yes, did right thing
8. DK
Missing
9. Depends (1964-1972); both (1964-1972); other (1964, 1972); pro-con
(1952); have not paid attention (1964,1966)
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; refused to answer (1966)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1966 NOTE:
Rs were not asked the filter question (‘have you been paying
attention…’) if they had named Vietnam as a problem in the ‘Most
Important Problem’ question (see VCF0875).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520054
1964: V640350
1966: V660035
1968: V680103
1970: V700041(type 0)
1972: V720050
2008: V085298



VCF0827 HOW SHOULD U.S. PROCEED IN CURRENT WAR
Question
1952:
Which of the following things do you think it would be best for us to do
now in Korea? (OPTIONS CORRESPONDING TO CODE CATEGORIES READ TO R)
1964-1970:
Which of the following do you think we should do now in Vietnam?
(OPTIONS CORRESPONDING TO CODE CATEGORIES READ OR SHOWN)
Valid
1. Pull out entirely
2. Keep trying to get a peaceful settlement (1952); keep our soldiers in
Vietnam but try to end the fighting (1964-1970)
3. Take a stronger stand (1952: and bomb Manchuria and China; 1964: even if
it means invading North Vietnam)
9. DK; depends; pro-con; no opinion; other; have not paid attention (1964,
1966 only)
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
1964 NOTE:
This question was not asked if R responded ‘no’ to the VCF0826 filter
question (‘have you been paying attention…’) or, in 1964 only, if R’s
response to VCF0826 was NA.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520055
1964: V640351
1966: V660036
1968: V680104
1970: V700042(type 0)



VCF0827a U.S. STAND IN VIETNAM SCALE
Question
(1968,1970: There is much talk about ‘hawks’ and ‘doves’ in connection
with Vietnam, and considerable disagreement as to what action the United
States should take in Vietnam.) (1972: With regard to Vietnam,)
Some people think we should do everything necessary to win a complete
military victory, no matter what results. Some people think we should
withdraw completely from Vietnam right now, no matter what results.
And, of course, other people have opinions somewhere between these two
extreme positions. Suppose the people who support an immediate
withdrawal are at one end of this scale (show card to R) at point number
1. And suppose the people who support a complete military victory are
at the other end of the scale at point number 7. At what point on the
scale would you place yourself on this scale (1972 only: or haven’t you
thought much about this)? [RESPONDENT BOOKLET]
Valid
1. Immediate withdrawal
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Complete military victory
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; assigned to Post administration and no Post IW (1972)
0. Haven’t thought much about it (1972 only)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1972 NOTE:
Respondents were assigned to pre or post administration by form.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680470
1970: V700092(type 0)
1972: V721069



VCF0828 SHOULD GOVERNMENT CUT MILITARY SPENDING
Question
Some people believe that our armed forces are already powerful enough
and that we should spend less money for defense. Others feel that
military spending should at least continue at the present level.
How do you feel - should military spending be cut, or should it
continue at least at the present level?
Valid
1. Cut military spending
2. Continue spending at least at present level
9. DK; depends; pro-con; other
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form II,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0843.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720588
1976: V763357



VCF0829 IS THE GOVERNMENT IN WASHINGTON TOO STRONG
Question
Some people are afraid the government in Washington is getting too
powerful for the good of the country and the individual person.
Others feel that the government in Washington is not getting too
strong (1964,1966,1970: has not gotten too strong for the good of the
country).
1964-1972:
Have you been interested enough in this to favor one side over the other?
1976-1992:
Do you have an opinion on this or not?
ALL YEARS:
(IF YES:) What is your feeling? Do you think the government is too
powerful or do you think the government is not getting too strong?
Valid
1. Opinion: the government has not gotten too strong
2. Opinion: the government is getting too powerful
9. DK; depends; other; pro-con; no interest; no opinion
Missing
0. NA; Form I (1972); no Post IW; telephone IW (1984: see v.15)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1964-1968, these questions were combined into a single variable.
Beginning in 1970, the filter question (‘have you been interested
enough..’) was represented in a separate variable. Beginning in
1970, in cases where R’s response to the filter question was ‘no’ or
‘DK,’ then 9 has been coded.
1992 NOTE:
46 cases were not asked this question due to an error in skip
instructions.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640071
1966: V660021
1968: V680062
1970: V700058,V700059(type 0)
1972: V720056,V720057
1976: V763224,V763225
1978: V780453,V780454
1980: V801128,V801129
1984: V841059,V841060
1988: V880847,V880848
1992: V926016
2000: V001512,V001513



VCF0830 AID TO BLACKS SCALE
Question
1970-1984,1986 FORM B, 1988 FORM B:
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
possible effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks
(1970: Negroes) and other minority groups (1980: even if it means giving
them preferential treatment). Others feel that the government should
not make any special effort to help minorities because they should help
themselves (1970: but they should be expected to help themselves).
1986 FORM A, 1988 FORM A, 1990 AND LATER:
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
(prior to 1996 only: possible) effort to improve the social and economic
position of blacks. (1996-LATER: Suppose these people are at one end of
a scale, at point 1). Others feel that the government should not make any
special effort to help blacks because they should help themselves.
(1996-LATER: Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.
And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in between,
at points 2,3,4,5 or 6).
ALL YEARS: Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t
you thought much about it? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government should help minority groups/blacks
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Minority groups/ blacks should help themselves
9. DK; haven’t thought much about it
Missing
0. NA; telephone IW (2000); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Note that form B in 1986, form B in 1988, and all previous years
specified ‘blacks and other minorities’ in this question, while form A
in 1986, form A in 1988, and all cases in 1990 and after specified
only ‘blacks.’ To filter for form A/B responses, use variable
VCF0012.
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face; telephone respondents were administered asked a branching
series and are not represented here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700106(type 0)
1972: V720629
1974: V742296
1976: V763264
1978: V780373
1980: V801062
1982: V820415
1984: V840382
1986: V860426(form B),V860427(form A)
1988: V880332(form A),V880340(form B)
1990: V900447
1992: V923724
1994: V940936
1996: V960487
1998: V980462
2000: V000641
2004: V043158
2008: V083137
2016: V161198
2020: V201258
2024: V241255



VCF0832 RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED SCALE
Question
Some people are primarily concerned with doing everything possible to
protect the legal rights of those accused of committing crimes.
Others feel that it is more important to stop criminal activity even
at the risk of reducing the rights of the accused.
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t you thought
much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Protect rights of accused
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Stop crime regardless of rights of accused
9. DK; haven’t thought much about it
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700120(type 0)
1972: V720621
1974: V742281
1976: V763248
1978: V780365



VCF0833 FAVOR OR OPPOSE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT
Question
1976: An effort is being made to pass an amendment to the U.S.
Constitution which would guarantee equal rights for all citizens
regardless of sex.
ALL YEARS:
Do you approve or disapprove of the Equal Rights Amendment to the
Constitution (1978,1980: sometimes called the ERA amendment)?
Valid
1. Approve
5. Disapprove
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763799
1978: V780452
1980: V801126



VCF0834 WOMEN EQUAL ROLE SCALE
Question
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women’s rights. Some
people feel that women should have an equal role with men in running
business, industry and government. (2004: (Suppose these people are
at one en of a scale, at point 1)) Others feel that a women’s place
is in the home. (2004: (Suppose these people are at the other end;
at point 7.) And of course, some people have opinions somewhere in
between, at points 2,3,4,5, or 6.)
ALL YEARS EXC. 2000 VERSION 2:
Where would you place yourself on this scale or haven’t you thought
much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
2000 VERSION 2:
Where would you place yourself on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)
Valid
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women’s place is in the home
9. DK; haven’t thought much about it
Missing
0. NA; telephone IW (2000); split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2000 NOTE 1:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face; telephone respondents were administered a branching
series and are not represented here.
2000 NOTE 2:
Respondents were randomly selected to be administered this question
with or without the option ‘or haven’t you thought much about this?’
read as part of the question text. Data for face-to- face respondents
administered either version are represented in this variable.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion ‘OLD’; the remaining respondents (version ‘NEW’) were not
administered an alternative version.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720232
1974: V742302
1976: V763787
1978: V780389
1980: V801094
1982: V820435
1984: V840250
1988: V880387
1990: V900438
1992: V923801
1994: V940928
1996: V960543
1998: V980448
2000: V000755
2004: V043196
2008: V083166



VCF0836 SHOULD WOMEN STAY OUT OF POLITICS
Question
1952 INTRO:
Now I’d like to read some of the kinds of things people tell me when I
interview them, and ask you whether you agree or disagree with them.
I’ll read them one at a time, and you just tell me whether you agree or
disagree with them, and whether you agree or disagree a little or quite
a bit.
1972 INTRO:
Do you agree or disagree with each of these two statements:
ALL YEARS:
‘Women should stay out of politics’
Valid
1. Agree (1952: incl. ‘agree quite a bit’ and ‘agree a little’)
2. Disagree (1952: incl. ‘disagree quite a bit’ and ‘disagree a little’)
9. DK
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW or Post is not form B (1952: see v.15)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1952 NOTE:
Response categories were ‘agree quite a bit’ (recoded to 1) ‘agree a
little’ (recoded to 1) ‘disagree a little’ (recoded to 2) and ‘disagree
quite a bit’ (recoded to 2).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520223
1972: V720251



VCF0837 WHEN SHOULD ABORTION BE ALLOWED
Question
(1972,1976: Still on the subject of women’s rights,)
There has been some discussion about abortion during recent years.
Which one of the opinions on this page (1972: card) best agrees with
your view? You can just tell me the number of the opinion you choose.
Valid
1. Abortion should never be permitted.
2. Abortion should be permitted only if the life and health of the woman is
in danger.
3. Abortion should be permitted if, due to personal reasons, the woman would
have difficulty in caring for the child.
4. Abortion should never be forbidden, since one should not require a woman
to have a child she doesn’t want.
9. DK; other
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0838.
1980 NOTE:
Asked post-election. Alternate version (ssee VCF0838) asked pre-election.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720238
1976: V763796
1978: V780450
1980: V801136



VCF0838 BY LAW, WHEN SHOULD ABORTION BE ALLOWED
Question
ALL YEARS EXCEPT 2000 TELEPHONE:
There has been some discussion about abortion during recent years.
(RESPONDENT BOOKLET) Which one of the opinions on this page best agrees
with your view? You can just tell me the number of the opinion you
choose.
2000 TELEPHONE:
I am going to read you a short list of opinions. Please tell me which
one of the opinions best agrees with your view. You can just tell me the
number of the opinion you choose.
Valid
1. By law, abortion should never be permitted.
2. The law should permit abortion only in case of rape, incest, or when the
woman’s life is in danger.
3. The law should permit abortion for reasons other than rape, incest, or
danger to the woman’s life, but only after the need for the abortion has
been clearly established.
4. By law, a woman should always be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of
personal choice.
9. DK; other
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; split versions: not asked (2008);
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0837.
1980 NOTE:
Asked pre-election. Alternate version (ssee VCF0837) asked post-election.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion ‘OLD’; the remaining respondents (version ‘NEW’) were
administered a branching series of questions on abortion.
2016 NOTE:
For Web cases, the Other option was not available.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800311
1982: V820463
1984: V840423
1986: V860488
1988: V880395
1990: V900479
1992: V923732
1994: V941014
1996: V960503
1998: V980505
2000: V000694
2004: V045132
2008: V085086
2012: abortpre_4point
2016: V161232
2020: V201336
2024: V241302



VCF0839 GOVERNMENT SERVICES-SPENDING SCALE
Question
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education, in order to reduce spending.
(2004: Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point 1.)
Other people feel that it is important for the government to provide
many more services even if it means an increase in spending.
(2004: Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7. And
of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in between, at
points 2,3,4,5, or 6.)
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t you thought
much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government should provide many fewer services: reduce
spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government should provide many more services: increase
spending a lot
9. DK; haven’t thought much about it
Missing
0.NA; telephone IW (2000); split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1980 NOTE:
The 1980 version of this question was not comparable.
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face. Respondents interviewed by telephone were asked a
branching series and are not represented here.
2004 NOTE:
Tbis question was asked in the pre-election survey and the post-
election survey. The pre-election data are reported here.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion ‘OLD’; the remaining respondents (version ‘NEW’) were
administered a branching series of questions.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1982: V820443
1984: V840375
1986: V860448
1988: V880302
1990: V900452
1992: V923701
1994: V940940
1996: V960450
1998: V980463
2000: V000545
2004: V043136
2008: V083105
2012: spsrvpr_ssself
2016: V161178
2020: V201246
2024: V241239



VCF0840 FAVOR OR OPPOSE TERM LIMITS
Question
A law has been proposed that would limit members of Congress to no more
than 12 consecutive years of service in that office.
Do you favor or oppose such a law?
Valid
1. Favor
5. Oppose
8. DK; other (1994,1998)
Missing
9. NA; short version or Spanish language questionnaire (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
‘Other’ code was used only in 1994 and 1998.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923747
1994: V940651
1998: V980335



VCF0841 COOPERATION WITH U.S.S.R. SCALE
Question
1980:
Some people feel it is important for us to try very hard to get along
with Russia. Others feel it is a big mistake to try too hard to get
along with Russia.
1984-1988:
Some people feel it is important for us to try to cooperate more with
Russia, while others believe we should be much tougher in our dealings
with Russia.
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t you thought
much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Cooperate more/try to get along with Russia
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher/big mistake to try to get along with Russia
9. DK; haven’t thought much about it
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V801078
1984: V840408
1986: V860487
1988: V880368



VCF0842 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION SCALE
Question
Some people think we need much tougher government regulations on
business in order to protect the environment. (Suppose these
people are at one end of a scale, at point 1.) Other think that
current regulations to protect the environment are already too
much of a burden on business. (Suppose these people are at the
other end of the scale, at point 7.) And, of course, some
other people have opinions somewhere in between, at points
2,3,4,5 or 6.
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t you
thought much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Much tougher regulations to protet the environment
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Regulations already too much of a burden on business
9. DK; haven’t thought much about it
Missing
0. NA; telephone IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face. Respondents interviewed by telephone were asked a
branching series and are not represented here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1996: V960537
1998: V980497
2000: V000771
2020: V201262
2024: V241258



VCF0843 DEFENSE SPENDING SCALE
Question
Some people believe that we should spend much less money for defense.
(1996,2004: Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point
1.) Others feel that defense spending should be greatly increased.
(1996,2004: Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.)
(2004: And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in
between, at points 2,3,4,5, or 6).
Where would you place yourself on this scale or haven’t you thought
much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending.
9. DK; haven’t thought much about it
Missing
0. NA; telephone IW (2000); split versions: not asked (2008)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0828.
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted
face-to-face. Respondents interviewed by telephone were asked a
branching series and are not represented here.
2008 NOTE:
This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents
using verion ‘OLD’; the remaining respondents (version ‘NEW’) were
administered a branching series of questions.
2012 NOTE:
The 7-point scale used in 2012 was not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800281
1982: V820407
1984: V840395
1986: V860405
1988: V880310
1990: V900439
1992: V923707
1994: V940929
1996: V960463
2000: V000581
2004: V043142
2008: V083112
2016: V161181
2020: V201249
2024: V241242



VCF0844 HOW WILLING SHOULD U.S. BE TO USE MILITARY FORCE
Question
In the future, how willing should the United States be to use military
force to solve international problems – extremely willing, very
willing, somewhat willing, not very willing, or never willing?
(1992,1998: RESPONDENT BOOKLET)
Valid
1. Extremely willing
2. Very willing
3. Somewhat willing
4. Not very willing
5. Never willing
8. DK
Missing
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
1996 NOTE:
Omission of response categories from Respondent Booklet was in error.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923605
1996: V960411
1998: V980485



VCF0845 AUTHORITY OF THE BIBLE 1964-1990
Question
Here are four statements about the Bible and I’d like you to tell me
which is closest to your own view. (STATEMENTS SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. The Bible is God’s word and all it says is true
2. The Bible was written by men inspired by God but it contains some human errors.
3. The Bible is a good book because it was written by wise men, but God had
nothing to do with it.
4. The Bible was written by men who lived so long ago that it is worth very
little today.
9. DK; other
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984, see VCF0015); form A
(1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0850.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
2016 NOTE:
For Web cases, the Other option was not available.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640414
1968: V680215
1980: V801176
1984: V841081
1986: V860507
1988: V880934
1990: V900516



VCF0846 IS RELIGION IMPORTANT TO RESPONDENT
Question
(2002: Now on another topic. . .)
Do you consider religion to be an important part of your life, or not?
Valid
1. Yes, important
2. Little to no importance
Missing
8. DK
0. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984, see VCF0015); form B
(1986); short form or Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
In 2020, the question text and response options changed slightly: “Now on another topic: How important is religion in your life? Extremely important, very important, moderately important, a little important, or not important at all?”. For the purpose of the Cumulative Data File, this variable was recoded in the following manner: 1 (extremely important) = 1; 2 (very important) = 1; 3 (moderately important) = 1; 4 (a little important) = 2; 5 (not important at all) = 2.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V801173
1984: V841078
1986: V860546
1988: V880932
1990: V900511
1992: V923820
1994: V941043
1996: V960571
1998: V980492
2000: V000872
2002: V023082
2004: V043219
2008: V083181
2012: relig_import
2016: V161241
2020: V201433
2024: V241420



VCF0847 HOW MUCH GUIDANCE FROM RELIGION
Question
(IF RELIGION IS IMPORTANT: ) Would you say that (1996-LATER: Would you
say your) religion provides some guidance in your day-to-day living,
quite a bit of guidance, or a great deal of guidance in your day-to-
day living (1996-LATER: ‘life’)?
Valid
1. Some
2. Quite a bit
3. A great deal
5. Religion not important
Missing
8. DK
0. NA; DK/NA if religion important in R’s life; form B (1986); no
Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984, see VCF0015); short form or
Spanish language (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This var is a follow-up to VCF0846. See VCF0846.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V801174
1984: V841079
1986: V860547
1988: V880933
1990: V900512
1992: V923821
1994: V941044
1996: V960572
1998: V980493
2000: V000873
2002: V023083
2004: V043220
2008: V083181,V083182
2012: relig_guide
2016: V161242,V161241



VCF0848 CONCERN ABOUT CONVENTIONAL WAR
Question
1956:
Now I’d like to ask you some questions about the chances of our country
getting into war. Would you say that at the present time you are pretty
worried about this country getting into another war, somewhat worried,
or not worried at all?
1960,1964:
How about the chances of our country getting into war. Would you say
that at the present time you are pretty worried about this country
getting into another war, somewhat worried, or not worried at all?
1982-1992, 2000-2002:
How worried are you about our country (1982: How about the chances of)
getting into a conventional war (2000 and 2002: at this time), one in
which nuclear weapons are not used (1982: neither side uses nuclear
weapons)? Are you very (1982: pretty) worried (1982: about this
country getting into such a war at the present time), somewhat worried,
or not worried at all?
Valid
1. Not worried
2. Somewhat worried
3. Very worried (1956-1982: pretty worried)
9. DK
Missing
0. NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW; form B (1986); form A (1990); telephone
IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2000 NOTE:
This variable was administered in face-to-face interviews only due to
an error in the survey application program.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560084
1960: V600085
1964: V640139
1982: V820307
1984: V840247
1986: V860534
1988: V880858
1990: V900497
1992: V923607
2000: V001488
2002: V025145



VCF0848a CONCERN ABOUT NUCLEAR WAR
Question
How worried are you about our country getting into a nuclear war at this
time? Are you very worried, somewhat worried, or not worried at all?
Valid
1. Not worried
3. Somewhat worried
5. Very worried
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; Form A (1990); no Post IW; personal IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2000 NOTE:
This variable was administered in telephone interviews only due to an
error in the survey application program.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840248
1988: V880859
1990: V900499
1992: V923606
2000: V001487
2002: V025144



VCF0849 LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE POSITION 1984- COLLAPSED
Question
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives. I’m
going to show you [1996-LATER: Here is] a 7-point scale on which the
political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely
liberal to extremely conservative. Where would you place yourself
on this scale, or haven’t you thought much about this? (7-POINT SCALE
SHOWN TO R).
(IF R RESPONDS ‘DON’T KNOW’ OR ‘HAVEN’T THOUGHT MUCH ABOUT THIS’In
1984 AND LATER; IF R RESPONDS ’MODERATE’ IN 1988, 1992, 1996-LATER:)
If you had to choose, would you consider yourself a liberal or a
conservative?
Valid
1. Liberal
3. Moderate (‘middle of the road’)
5. Conservative
6. Refuses to choose (in follow-up [exc. 1988 moderates]), don’t know
Missing
9. NA to entire question
0. NA to follow-up; R not administered 7pt scale series (2000); no
Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
See also VCF0803 and VCF0824.
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the final 3-cateogry summary for years 1984 and later,
constructed using the initial 7-point scale question (VCF0803) and the
follow-up ‘choice’ question (VCF0824), which was asked of respondents
who had replied ‘don’t know’ or ‘haven’t thought much’ to the 7-point
scale question and, except for years 1984, 1986, AND 1990, also asked
of respondents who had answered ‘moderate’.
If R’s response to the 7-point scale question was NA, then the follow-
up question (‘if you had to choose…’) was not asked and VCF0849 has
been coded 9. If DK/HTM in first question and the response to the
follow-up was ‘don’t know,’ VCF0849 has been coded 8. If R refused to
choose in the follow-up, VCF0848 has been coded 7.
Code 1 is comprised of ‘extremely liberal,’ ‘liberal,’ and ‘slightly
liberal’ responses to the 7-point scale question (codes 1-3 in VCF0803)
and of ‘liberal’ responses to the follow-up.
Code 3 for 1984,1986,1990 is comprised of Rs who replied ‘moderate’ to
the 7-point scale question (code 4 in VCF0803, with the follow-up not
asked) and also of Rs who replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much’ to the
7-point scale question and who then replied ‘moderate’ to the follow-up.
For 1988, 1992, 1996 and later, code 3 is comprised of: 1) cases where
R replied ‘moderate’ to the 7-point scale question and then refused to
choose another category or replied DK/NA to the follow-up; and 2) Rs
who replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much’ to the 7-point scale question
and then replied ‘moderate’ in the follow-up.
Code 5 is comprised of ‘extremely conservative,’ conservative,’ and
‘slightly conservative’ responses to the 7-point scale question (codes
5-7 in VCF0803) and of ‘conservative’ responses in the follow-up.
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale follow-up data from interviews
conducted using both modes; approximately half of the 2000 Study
respondents (both modes) were randomly selected for administration of a
branching series and are excluded here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840369,V840370
1986: V860385,V860386
1988: V880230
1990: V900406,V900407
1992: V923513
1994: V940839,V940840
1996: V960365,V960366,V960367,V960368
1998: V980399,V980400,V980401,V980402
2000: V000441a
2002: V023024
2004: V045118
2008: V083069,V083069a
2012: libcpre_self,libcpre_choose
2016: V161126,V161127
2020: V201200, V201201



VCF0850 AUTHORITY OF THE BIBLE 1984-
Question
2000 TELEPHONE:
I am going to read you a short list of statements. Please tell me) Which
of these statements comes closest to describing your feelings about the
Bible? You can just give me the number of the statement you choose.
1996,1998,2000 PERSONAL,2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet. Which of these statements
comes closest to describing your feelings about the Bible? You can just
give me the number of your choice. (STATEMENTS SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. The Bible is the actual Word of God and is to be taken literally, word for word
2. The Bible is the Word of God but not everything in it should be taken
literally, word for word
3. The Bible is a book written by men and is not the Word of God
9. Other; DK
Missing
0. NA; form B (1990); short form or Spanish language questionnaire (1992)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900517
1992: V923824
1994: V941047
1996: V960575
1998: V980496
2000: V000876
2004: V043222
2008: V083184
2012: relig_wordgod
2016: V161243
2020: V201434
2024: V241421



VCF0851 NEWER LIFESTYLES CONTRIBUTE TO SOCIETY BREAKDOWN
Question
1986,1990,1994,1996:
Now,I am going to read several statements. After each I would like you
to tell me whether you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor
disagree, disagree somewhat or disagree strongly with this statement.
(1986,1990:) You can just give me the number of your choice from the
booklet. The first statement is….
1988,1992:
Here are several more statements. As before, you can just give me the
number of your choice from the booklet. The first statement is….
1998: (Still on page [page]..)
2000 FACE-TO-FACE:
(Still looking at page [page] in the booklet:)
ALL YEARS:
‘The newer lifestyles are contributing to the breakdown of our
society.’
(2000,2004: do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor
disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with this statement?)
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Order of questions VCF0851-854 may have been in varying order by study.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860525
1988: V880954
1990: V900500
1992: V926118
1994: V941029
1996: V961247
1998: V980516
2000: V001530
2004: V045190
2008: V085140
2012: trad_lifestyle
2016: V162208



VCF0852 SHOULD ADJUST VIEW OF MORAL BEHAVIOR TO CHANGES
Question
ALL YEARS:
‘The world is always changing and we should adjust our view of
moral behavior to those changes.’
(2000,2004: do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor
disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with this statement?)
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0851.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860526
1988: V880951
1990: V900501
1992: V926115
1994: V941030
1996: V961248
1998: V980515
2000: V001531
2004: V045189
2008: V085139
2012: trad_adjust
2016: V162207
2020: V202264
2024: V242258



VCF0853 SHOULD BE MORE EMPHASIS ON TRADITIONAL VALUES
Question
ALL YEARS:
‘This country would have many fewer problems if there were more
emphasis on traditional family ties.’
(2000,2004: do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor
disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with this statement?)
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0851.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860527
1988: V880953
1990: V900502
1992: V926117
1994: V941031
1996: V961249
1998: V980517
2000: V001532
2004: V045192
2008: V085142
2012: trad_famval
2016: V162210
2020: V202265
2024: V242259



VCF0854 TOLERANCE OF DIFFERENT MORAL STANDARDS
Question
ALL YEARS:
‘We should be more tolerant of people who choose to live according to
their own moral standards, even if they are very different from our own.’
(2000: do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor
disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with this statement?)
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0851.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860530
1988: V880952
1990: V900503
1992: V926116
1994: V941032
1996: V961250
1998: V980518
2000: V001533
2004: V045191
2008: V085141
2012: trad_tolerant
2016: V162209



VCF0860 RACIAL COMPOSITION OF NEIGHBORHOOD- RESPONDENT DESCRIPTION
Question
1964,1968,1970:
Is this neighborhood you now live in: [CHOICES]
1972,1976:
(IF RESPONDENT IS BLACK:) Is this neighborhood you now live in all
black, mostly black, about half and half, mostly white, or all white?
(IF RESPONDENT IS WHITE:) Is this neighborhood you live in all white,
mostly white, about half and half, mostly black, or all black?
Valid
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black
Missing
8. DK
0. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent the value coded
was the one towards the center of the scale (for example, 1 or 2 = 2;
2 or 3 = 3)
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1964: V640118
1968: V680089
1970: V700078(type 2)
1972: V720131
1976: V763219



VCF0861 RACIAL COMPOSITION OF GRADE SCHOOL- RESPONDENT DESCRIPTION
Question
1964,1968,1970:
Is the grade school nearest you: [CHOICES]
1972,1976:
(IF RESPONDENT IS BLACK:) Is the grade school nearest you all black,
mostly black, about half and half, mostly white, or all white?
(IF RESPONDENT IS WHITE:) Is the grade school nearest you all white,
mostly white, about half and half, mostly black, or all black?
Valid
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black
Missing
8. DK
0. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent the value coded
was the one towards the center of the scale (for example, 1 or 2 = 2;
2 or 3 = 3)
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1964: V640119
1968: V680090
1970: V700079(type 2)
1972: V720133
1976: V763221



VCF0862 RACIAL COMPOSITION OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Question
Is the junior high school nearest you: [CHOICES]
Valid
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black
Missing
8. DK
0. NA; no junior high in area (1964,1968)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent the value coded
was the one towards the center of the scale (for example, 1 or 2 = 2;
2 or 3 = 3)
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1964: V640120
1968: V680091
1970: V700080(type 2)



VCF0863 RACIAL COMPOSITION OF HIGH SCHOOL- RESPONDENT DESCRIPTION
Question
1964,1968,1970:
Is the high school nearest you: [CHOICES]
1972:
(IF RESPONDENT IS BLACK:) Is the high school nearest you all black,
mostly black, about half and half, mostly white, or all white?
(IF RESPONDENT IS WHITE:) Is the high school nearest you all white,
mostly white, about half and half, mostly black, or all black?
Valid
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black
Missing
8. DK
0. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent
the value coded was the one towards the center of the scale (for
example, 1 or 2 = 2; 2 or 3 = 3)
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1964: V640121
1968: V680092
1970: V700081(type 2)
1972: V720134



VCF0864 RACIAL COMPOSITION OF WORK PLACE- RESPONDENT DESCRIPTION
Question
1964,1968,1970:
Are the people where you work: [CHOICES]
1972:
(IF RESPONDENT IS BLACK:) Are the people who work where you work all
black, mostly black, about half and half, mostly white, or all white?
(IF RESPONDENT IS WHITE:) Are the people who work where you work all
white, mostly white, about half and half, mostly black, or all black?
Valid
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black
Missing
8. DK
0. NA; R doesn’t work; R works alone (1968,1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent the value coded
was the one towards the center of the scale (for example, 1 or 2 = 2;
2 or 3 = 3)
1986 NOTE:
The 1986 version of this question is not coded comparably.
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1964: V640122
1968: V680093
1970: V700082(type 2)
1972: V720136



VCF0865 RACIAL COMPOSITION OF WHERE R SHOPS- RESPONDENT DESCRIPTION
Question
1964,1968,1970:
Are the people where you shop and trade: [CHOICES]
1972:
(IF RESPONDENT IS BLACK:) Are the people who shop and trade where you do
all black, mostly black, about half and half, mostly white or all
white?
(IF RESPONDENT IS WHITE:) Are the people who shop and trade where you do
all white, mostly white, about half and half, mostly black, or all black?
Valid
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black
Missing
8. DK
0. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent the value coded
was the one towards the center of the scale (for example, 1 or 2 = 2;
2 or 3 = 3)
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1964: V640123
1968: V680094
1970: V700083(type 2)
1972: V720137



VCF0866 RACIAL COMPOSITION OF FRIENDS
Question
1964,1968,1970:
Are your friends: [CHOICES]
1972,1976:
(IF RESPONDENT IS BLACK:) Are your friends all black, mostly black,
about half and half, mostly white, or all white?
(IF RESPONDENT IS WHITE:) Are your friends all white, mostly white,
about half and half, mostly black, or all black?
Valid
1. All white
2. Mostly white
3. About half and half
4. Mostly Negro/black
5. All Negro/black
Missing
8. DK
0. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0011/VCF0011A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0011.
Note that use of VCF0011/VCF0011A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 1 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1970 NOTE:
If range of 2 adjacent numbers was given by respondent the value coded
was the one towards the center of the scale (for example, 1 or 2 = 2;
2 or 3 = 3)
Weight
VCF0011x/VCF0011y/VCF0011z
Sources
1964: V640124
1968: V680095
1970: V700084(type 2)
1972: V720138
1976: V763222



VCF0867 AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN HIRING/PROMOTION [1 OF 2]
Question
Some people say that because of past discrimination blacks should be
given preference in hiring and promotion. Others say that such
preference in hiring and promotion of blacks is wrong because it gives
blacks advantages they haven’t earned. What about your opinion– are
you for or against preferential hiring and promotion of blacks?
Valid
1. For
5. Against
8. DK; 1990-1994: refused; 1996 and later: other
Missing
9. NA; Form A (1986); form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0867a.
1986 NOTE:
Respondents were administered 2 versions of the preference question in
two forms; data for the alternative version (worded ‘preference in
hiring and promotion of blacks is wrong because it discriminates
against whites’) are not included in this variable.
1988 NOTE:
Wording matched 1986 alternative wording for all cases; 1988 data are
not included here.
1996 NOTE:
Code ‘other’ first appeared in 1996.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860475
1990: V900463
1992: V925935
1994: V941001
1996: V961208
1998: V980470
2000: V000803
2004: V045207
2008: V085157
2012: aapost_hire
2016: V162238
2020: V202249
2024: V242237



VCF0867a AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN HIRING/PROMOTION [2 OF 2]
Question
Some people say that because of past discrimination blacks should be
given preference in hiring and promotion. Others say that such
preference in hiring and promotion of blacks is wrong because it gives
blacks advantages they haven’t earned. What about your opinion– are
you for or against preferential hiring and promotion of blacks?
(IF FAVOR: ) Do you favor preference in hiring and promotion strongly or
not strongly?
(IF OPPOSE:) Do you oppose preference in hiring and promotion strongly
or not strongly?
Valid
1. Favor strongly
2. Favor not strongly
4. Oppose not strongly
5. Oppose strongly
7. DK if favor/oppose; 1990-1994: refused; 1996 and later: other (in VCF0867)
Missing
8. Favor/oppose but DK if strongly or not strongly
9. NA if strongly or not strongly; NA whether favor or oppose (VCF0867);
Form A (1986); form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See also VCF0867.
1986 NOTE:
Respondents were administered 2 versions of the preference question in
two forms; data for the alternative version (worded ‘preference in
hiring and promotion of blacks is wrong because it discriminates
against whites’) are not included in this variable.
1988 NOTE:
Wording matched 1986 alternative wording for all cases; 1988 data are
not included here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860476
1990: V900464
1992: V925936
1994: V941002
1996: V961209
1998: V980471
2000: V000806
2004: V045207,V045207a
2008: V085157,V085157a,V085157b
2012: aapost_hire_x,aapost_hire
2016: V162238x,V162238,V162238a
2020: V202249, V202250, V202251, V202252x
2024: V242238, V242239, V242240, V242241x



VCF0870 BETTER OR WORSE ECONOMY IN PAST YEAR
Question
How about (1996-LATER: Now thinking about) the economy (1990,1994-
later: in the country as a whole)?
ALL YEARS EXC. 2000 VERSION 2:
Would you say that over the past year the nation’s economy has gotten
better, stayed (all yrs. exc 1984: about) the same or gotten worse?
2000 VERSION 2:
Would you say that over the past year the nation’s economy has gotten
worse, stayed about the same, or gotten better?
Valid
1. Better
3. Stayed same
5. Worse
Missing
8. DK
0. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly selected to be administered this question
using either the standard format or and alternative version with the
order of options read aloud reversed.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800149
1982: V820327
1984: V840227
1986: V860372
1988: V880243
1990: V900422
1992: V923531
1994: V940908
1996: V960385
1998: V980418
2000: V000488a,V000488b
2002: V023027
2004: V043097
2008: V083083
2012: econ_ecpast
2016: V161140
2020: V201325
2024: V241291



VCF0871 HOW MUCH BETTER OR WORSE ECONOMY IN PAST YEAR
Question
How about (1996-LATER: Now thinking about) the economy (1990,1994-
later: in the country as a whole)?
Would you say that over the past year the nation’s economy has gotten
better, stayed (all yrs. exc 1984: about) the same or gotten worse?
(IF BETTER:) Would you say much better or somewhat better?
(IF WORSE:) Would you say much worse or somewhat worse?
Valid
1. Much better
2. Somewhat better
3. Stayed same
4. Somewhat worse
5. Much worse
Missing
8. DK much or somewhat better/worse
9. NA much or somewhat better/worse
0. DK/NA if better or worse
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800150
1982: V820328
1984: V840228
1986: V860373
1988: V880244
1990: V900423
1992: V923532
1994: V940909
1996: V960386
1998: V980419
2000: V000491
2002: V023028
2004: V043098
2008: V083083,V083083x
2012: econ_ecpast_x,econ_ecpast
2016: V161140x,V161140,V161140a
2020: V201325, V201326, V201327x
2024: V241292, V241294x



VCF0872 BETTER OR WORSE ECONOMY IN NEXT YEAR
Question
What about the next 12 months (1980,1982: or so)?
ALL YEARS EXC. 2000:
Do you expect the (1986,1988,1992: national) economy to get better, get
worse, or stay about the same?
2000 VERSION 1:
Do you expect the economy, in the country as a whole, to get better,
stay about the same, or get worse?
2000 VERSION 2:
Do you expect the economy, in the country as a whole, to get worse, stay
about the same, or get better?
Valid
1. Get better
3. Stay about the same
5. Get worse
Missing
8. DK; RF; depends (1990)
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
1992 NOTE:
This question was used in both the pre and post; the pre data are
incorporated here.
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly selected to be administered this question
using either the standard format or and alternative version with the
order of options read aloud reversed.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800151
1982: V820329
1984: V840243
1986: V860381
1988: V880247
1990: V900424
1992: V923537
1994: V940910
1996: V960387
1998: V980420
2000: V000496a,V000496b
2004: V043099
2008: V083084
2012: econ_ecnext
2016: V161141
2020: V201328
2024: V241295



VCF0873 DID R DELAY MEDICAL/DENTAL TREATMENT DUE TO THE EXPENSE
Question
In the past year did you (or anyone in your family living here/there)
put off medical or dental treatment because you didn’t have the money?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; short form or spanish-language questionnnaire (1992); R selected
for Post administration and no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly selected to be administered this question in
the Pre or the Post.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840157
1992: V923434
1994: V941027
2000: V001413a
2004: V043066



VCF0875 MENTION 1: WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT NATIONAL PROBLEM
Question
1960:
What would you personally feel are the most important problems the
government should try to take care of when the new President and
Congress take office in January?
1964:
As you well know, there are many serious problems in this country and in
other parts of the world. The question is, what should be done about
them and who should do it. We want to ask you about problems you think
the government in Washington should do something about and any problems
it should stay out of. First, what would you personally feel are the
most important problems the government should try to take care of when
the new President and Congress take office in January?
1966:
What do you personally feel are the most important problems which the
government in Washington should try to take care of?
1968,1980,1982:
As you well know, the government faces many serious problems in this
country and in other parts of the world. What do you personally feel
are the most important problems which the government in Washington
should try to take care of?
1970:
As you well know, there are many serious problems in this country and in
other parts of the world. We’d like to start out by talking with you
about some of them. What do you personally feel are the most important
problems which the government in Washington should try to take care of?
1972-1978,1984 AND LATER:
What do you think are the most important problems facing this country?
(IF MORE THAN ONE PROBLEM:) Of all you’ve told me (1996-LATER: Of those
you’ve mentioned), what would you say is the single most important
problem the country faces?
Valid
01. AGRICULTURAL
02. ECONOMICS; BUSINESS; CONSUMER ISSUES
(includes foreign investment, tariffs/protection of U.S. industries,
international trade deficit/balance of payments, immigration, interstate
commerce/transportation; does not include unemployment [09], defense
spending [03], foreign [03] or government spending on domestic social
welfare [09])
03. FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
(includes: foreign aid, defense spending, the space program; does not
include: international trade deficit [02])
04. GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONING
(not ‘the economy’ [02])
05. LABOR ISSUES
(not unemployment [09])
06. NATURAL RESOURCES
07. PUBLIC ORDER
(includes: crime, drugs, civil liberties and non racial civil rights,
women’s rights, abortion rights, gun control, family/social/religious/moral
‘decay,’ church and state, etc.)
08. RACIAL PROBLEMS
(note: this primarily includes civil rights issues and racial equality;
monetary assistance to minorities is primarily found in code 9, however
there is a slight overlap: see Note 7 for specific codes; note especially
1988 code 300 and 1966-1972 codes 61-63)
09. SOCIAL WELFARE
(includes: population, child care, aid to education, the elderly, health
care, housing, poverty, unemployment, ‘welfare’ etc.)
97. Other problems (incl. specific campaign issues)
Missing
98. DK (exc. 1960,1964,1966)
99. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); Form I, III or IV
(1972); no Pre IW; short form IW 1992); question not administered in
assigned half sample (1996, 2000)
00. None; ‘there were no issues;’ ‘there was no campaign in my district’ (non-
presidential years); DK (1960,1964,1966 only)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See Appendix NOTE ‘MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM’.
GENERAL NOTE:
Because of changes in the full sets of codes which have been used over
time, this variable is limited to preserving the major groupings which
have been utilized with essential consistency through all years. The
appendix NOTE gives exact study-by-study versions of the texts of
individual codes which have been collapsed to form the VCF0875 group
categories.
In the 1960, 1966, and 1970 study datasets, one multiple- response
variable was coded which included up to 3 mentions (1970: 4). In 1960
and 1970, variables were coded in order of importance in cases where R
mentioned more than one problem. Within the study documentation for
these two years, it was also stated that, in cases of more than one
mentioned problem, if order of importance was ‘not clear,’ responses
were then coded in order of mention. From the 1966 documentation, it
is not apparent if multiple responses were coded in order of importance
or if they were coded in order of mention. The first CODED response
(variable) in studies 1960, 1966, and 1970 has been used here.
In the 1964 and 1968 study datasets, one single-response variable
was coded. This variable was described as including, in cases of more
than one given response, the mention considered most important by R.
Documentation in both years added that if order of importance was ‘not
clear,’ responses were coded in order of mention: in such event, the
single variable appearing in the study dataset represented the first
mention.
Note that, for cases where R mentioned two or three problems but
missing data (DK or NA) appeared in the ‘choice’ variable (i.e., R did
not choose a single most important problem), the first mention has not
been included here, but MD has been coded. EXCEPTION: in 1986, in 142
cases the interviewer mistakenly did not ask R to rank problems by
importance when R gave more than one mention. In these 142 cases, the
first mention of R has been incorporated.
In 1960, 1964 and 1966, the DK category was combined with ‘no issues’
and is included in code 00.
1996 NOTE:
A half-sample of respondents were selected to be administered this
question.
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996.
2012 NOTE:
Not yet coded for the 2012 Time Series.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1960: V600050
1964: V640036
1966: V660019
1968: V680048
1970: V700039(type 0)
1972: V720546,V720548
1974: V742079
1976: V763689
1978: V780311,V780315
1980: V800979
1982: V820299
1984: V840993
1986: V860306
1988: V880817
1990: V900326
1992: V925726
1994: V940706
1996: V961141
1998: V980346
2000: V000436



VCF0875a MENTION 2: WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT NATIONAL PROBLEM
Question
Most important national problem (2)
Valid
Codes1-990 and:
Missing
991. 1968: No problem mentioned; no second or third problem; 1970: No
problem mentioned; no second, third or fourth problem
996. No mentions, DK (1960,1964)
997. No problem mentioned, DK (1966); no second or third problem
998. DK (1968,1970,1972)
999. NA (1960,1964,1966,1968,1970,1972)
000. no Post IW; Form I,III,IV (1972)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See question wording and notes for 1974-later in VCF0875.
See Appendix NOTE ‘MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM 1960-1972’.
GENERAL NOTE:
The is is the full 3-digit coding for the summary variable in
years 1960-1972.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1960: V600050b
1964: V640036
1966: V660019
1968: V680048
1970: V700039(type 0)
1972: V720546,V720548



VCF0875b MENTION 3: WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT NATIONAL PROBLEM
Question
Most important national problem (3)
Valid
Codes 100-959 and:
990. Other specific mentions of important problems
Missing
995. ‘There were no issues’; ‘there were no issues, just party politics’
996. ‘There was no campaign in my district’
998. DK
999. NA
000. no Post IW; R not selected for half-sample administration (1996,2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See question wording and notes for 1974-later in VCF0875.
See Appendix NOTE ‘MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM 1974 AND LATER’.
GENERAL NOTE:
The is is the full 3-digit coding for the summary variable in
years 1974 and later.
2012 NOTE:
Not yet coded for the 2012 Time Series.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1974: V742079
1976: V763689
1978: V780311,V780315
1980: V800979
1982: V820299
1984: V840993
1986: V860306
1988: V880817
1990: V900326
1992: V925726
1994: V940706
1996: V961141
1998: V980346
2000: V000436



VCF0876 LAW TO PROTECT HOMOSEXUALS AGAINST DISCRIMINATION
Question
Do you favor or oppose laws to protect [homosexuals/gays and lesbians]
against job discrimination?
Valid
1. Favor
5. Oppose
8. DK; depends (1988)
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
1988 NOTE:
‘Depends’ was a coding option in 1988 only.
2012 NOTE:
This question was asked of a random 1/2 sample of respondents (the
remaining 1/2 sample was asked a different version of the question).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880852
1992: V925923
1996: V961193
2000: V001478
2004: V045156
2008: V083211
2012: gayrt_discstd
2016: V161229
2020: V201412
2024: V241376



VCF0876a STRENGTH OF POSITION ON LAW TO PROTECT HOMOSEXUALS AGAINST DISCRIMINATION
Question
Do you favor or oppose laws to protect [homosexuals/gays and lesbians]
against job discrimination?
Do you favor/oppose such laws strongly or not strongly?
Valid
1. Favor strongly
2. Favor not strongly
4. Oppose not strongly
5. Oppose strongly
7. DK if favor or oppose; depends (1988); DK if favor/oppose strongly or not
strongly
Missing
9. NA if favor or oppose; NA if favor/oppose strongly or not strongly;
no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF0876.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880853
1992: V923426
1996: V961194
2000: V001481
2004: V045156,V045156a
2008: V083211x
2012: gayrt_discstd_x,gayrt_discstd
2016: V161229x,V161229,V161229a
2020: V201413
2024: V241377



VCF0877 FAVOR OR OPPOSE GAYS IN THE MILITARY
Question
Do you think homosexuals should be allowed to serve in the United
States Armed Forces or don’t you think so?
Valid
1. Yes, think so
5. Don’t think so
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
2012 NOTE:
This question was asked of a random 1/2 sample of respondents (the
remaining 1/2 sample was asked a different version of the question).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V925925
1996: V961194
2000: V000724
2004: V045157
2008: V083212
2012: gayrt_milstd



VCF0877a STRENGTH OF POSITION ON GAYS IN THE MILITARY
Question
Do you feel strongly or not strongly that homosexuals should be
allowed to serve in the United States Armed forces?
Do you feel strongly or not strongly that homosexuals should not be
allowed to serve in the United States Armed forces?
Valid
1. Feel strongly should be allowed
2. Feel not strongly should be allowed
4. Feel not strongly should not be allowed
5. Feel strongly should not be allowed
7. DK if favor or oppose; depends (1988); DK if favor/oppose strongly or not
strongly
Missing
9. NA if favor or oppose; NA if favor/oppose strongly or not strongly;
no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V925926
1996: V961195
2000: V000727
2004: V045157,V045157a
2008: V083212x
2012: gayrt_milstd_x,gayrt_discstd



VCF0878 SHOULD GAYS/LESBIANS BE ABLE TO ADOPT CHILDREN
Question
Do you think gay or lesbian couples, in other words, homosexual
couples, should be legally permitted to adopt children?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V925927
2000: V000748
2004: V045158
2008: V083213
2012: gayrt_adopt
2020: V201415
2024: V241379



VCF0879 INCREASE OR DECREASE NUMBER OF IMMIGRANTS TO U.S. 6-CATEGORY
Question
Do you think the number of immigrants from foreign countries who
are permitted to come to the United States to live should be
(1992,1994: increased a little, increased a lot, decreased a little,
decreased a lot, or left the same as it is now?)
(1996,1998: increased a lot, increased a little, decreased a little,
decreased a lot, or left the same as it is now?)
(2004,2008: increased a lot, increased a little, left the same as it is
now, decreased a little, or decreased a lot?)
Valid
1. Increased a lot
2. Increased a little
3. Same as now
4. Decreased a little
5. Decreased a lot
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V926235
1994: V941016
1996: V961325
1998: V980489
2004: V045115
2008: V085082
2012: immigpo_level
2016: V162157
2020: V202232
2024: V242227



VCF0879a INCREASE OR DECREASE NUMBER OF IMMIGRANTS TO U.S. 4-CATEGORY
Question
1992,1994:
Do you think the number of immigrants from foreign countries who are
permitted to come to the United States to live should be increased a
little, increased a lot, decreased a little, decreased a lot, or left
the same as it is now?
1996,1998:
Do you think the number of immigrants from foreign countries who are
permitted to come to the United States to live should be increased a
lot, increased a little, decreased a little, decreased a lot, or left
the same as it is now?
2000:
Do you think the number of immigrants from foreign countries who are
permitted to come to the United States to live should be increased,
decreased, or left the same as it is now?
2004:
Do you think the number of immigrants from foreign countries who are
permitted to come to the United States to live should be increased
a lot, increased a little, left the same as it is now, decreased a
little, or decreased a lot?
Valid
1. Increased
3. Same as now
5. Decreased
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V926235
1994: V941016
1996: V961325
1998: V980489
2000: V000508
2004: V045115
2008: V085082
2012: immigpo_level
2016: V162157
2020: V202232
2024: V242228



VCF0880 BETTER OR WORSE OFF IN PAST YEAR
Question
1962-1998,2004:
We are interested in how people are getting along financially these
days. Would you say that (1962,1966-1974: you [and your family]; 1976 and
later : you [and your family living here]) are better off or worse off
financially than you were a year ago.
2000-2002:
Would you say that you (and your family) (2000 FACE-TO-FACE ONLY: living
here) are better off, worse off, or just about the same financially as
you were a year ago?
Valid
1. Better Now
2. Same (2004: Volunteered)
3. Worse Now
Missing
9. DK; uncertain; depends
0. NA; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); R assigned to Post
administration and no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly assigned to be administered this
question in either the Pre or Post.
Weight
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z
Sources
1962: V620014
1966: V660044
1968: V680275
1970: V700048(type 1)
1972: V720501
1974: V742313
1976: V763137
1978: V780321
1980: V800147
1982: V820325
1984: V840139
1986: V860355
1988: V880206
1990: V900416
1992: V923425
1994: V940902
1996: V960337
1998: V980414
2000: V000398,V001410
2002: V023025
2004: V043061
2008: V083057
2012: finance_finpast
2016: V161110
2020: V201502
2024: V241451



VCF0880a HOW MUCH BETTER/WORSE OFF IN PAST YEAR
Question
1984-1998,2004:
We are interested in how people are getting along financially these
days. Would you say that you and your family living here are better off
or worse off financially than you were a year ago.
2000-2002:
Would you say that you (and your family) (2000 FACE-TO-FACE ONLY: living
here) are better off, worse off, or just about the same financially as
you were a year ago? Is that much better/worse off or somewhat
better/worse off?
2012:
We are interested in how people are getting along financially these
days. Would you say that [you /you and your family living here] are much
better off financially, somewhat better off, about the same, somewhat
worse off, or much worse off than you were a year ago?
Valid
1. Much better
2. Somewhat better
3. Same
4. Somewhat worse
5. Much worse
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; DK/NA if better or worse in past year; R assigned to Post
administration and no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2012 NOTE:
Asked as a 5-point scale
2000 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly assigned to be administered this question
in either the Pre or Post.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840140
1986: V860356
1988: V880207
1990: V900417
1992: V923426
1994: V940903
1996: V960338
1998: V980415
2000: V000398,V001410,V001412a
2002: V023026
2004: V043061,V043062
2008: V083057x
2012: finance_finpast_x,finance_finpast
2016: V161110
2020: V201502
2024: V241451



VCF0880b FINANCIAL SITUATION BETTER/WORSE IN PAST FEW YEARS
Question
During the last few years, has your financial situation been
getting better, getting worse, or has it stayed the same?
Valid
1. Getting better
3. Stayed the same
5. Getting worse
Missing
8. DK
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560078
1958: V580049
1960: V600075
1964: V640129



VCF0881 BETTER OR WORSE OFF IN NEXT YEAR
Question
1956-1960,1964:
Now looking ahead and thinking about the next few years, do you expect
your financial situation will stay about the way it is now, get better,
or get worse.
1962,1966 AND LATER:
Now looking ahead–do you think that a year from now (1962,1966-1970:
you people; 1972,1974: you [and your family]; 1976 AND LATER: you [and
your family; 2000 TELEPHONE,2004: living here]) will be better off
financially or worse off, or just about the same as now?
Valid
1. Better off (1956-1960,1964: get better)
2. Same (1956-1960,1964: stay the way it is)
3. Worse off (1956-1960,1964: get worse)
Missing
9. DK; both; uncertain
0. NA; Form B (1986); no Pre IW; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); R
assigned to Post administration and no Post IW (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Weight variable VCF0010/VCF0010A must be used if
distributions including 1970 data are desired: see VCF0010.
Note that use of VCF0010/VCF0010A as a weight reduces the
1970 total N for this variable: form 2 whites who should appear as
code 0 INAP cases are excluded from the 1970 total N.
1992 NOTE:
This question was asked in both the pre and post; the pre data have
been incorporated here.
Weight
VCF0010x/VCF0010y/VCF0010z
Sources
1956: V560080
1958: V580051
1960: V600077
1962: V620017
1964: V640131
1966: V660047
1968: V680278
1970: V700050(type 1)
1972: V720504
1974: V742314
1976: V763138
1978: V780322
1980: V800148
1982: V820326
1984: V840151
1986: V860358
1988: V880208
1990: V900420
1992: V923817
1994: V940904
1996: V960565
1998: V980416
2000: V000680
2002: V025115x
2004: V043063
2008: V083058x
2012: finance_finnext
2016: V161111
2020: V201503
2024: V241452



Question
FEDERAL SPENDING - GENERAL TEXT

If you had a say in making up the federal budget this year, for which
(1986 AND LATER: of the following) programs would you like to see
spending increased and for which would you like to see spending
decreased:
Should federal spending on [ITEM] be increased, decreased or kept
about the same?
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Order of spending items (see also VCF9046-9050) varied among study
years. In some years, the series was administered with a break mid-
sequence.



VCF0886 FEDERAL SPENDING- POOR/POOR PEOPLE
Question
1992,1996: poor people
2000,2012-later: aid to the poor
2002,2004: aid to poor people
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased (before 2012: or cut out entirely)
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes preceding this variable.
2002 NOTE 1:
There were two series of Federal spending questions. Respondents were
randomly assigned to one series in the Pre and the alternate in the
Post. Within each series, respondents were randomly assigned to one of
two possible orderings.
2002 NOTE 2:
Respondents were randomly assigned one of two wordings: ‘aid to poor
people’ or ‘aid to the working poor.’ Data from ‘aid to poor people’
are represented here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923817
1996: V960565
2000: V000680
2002: V025115x
2004: V043172
2008: V083148
2012: fedspend_poor
2016: V161211
2020: V201318
2024: V241279



VCF0887 FEDERAL SPENDING- CHILD CARE
Question
Child care
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased (before 2012: or cut out entirely)
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880382
1990: V900385
1992: V923813
1994: V940824
1996: V960564
2000: V000685
2002: V025110x
2004: V043170
2008: V083146
2012: fedspend_child
2016: V161210



VCF0888 FEDERAL SPENDING- DEALING WITH CRIME
Question
Dealing with crime
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased (before 2012: or cut out entirely)
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840997
1992: V923814
1994: V940825
1996: V960563
2000: V000684
2002: V025109x
2004: V043168
2008: V083148
2012: fedspend_crime
2016: V161208
2020: V201309
2024: V241270



VCF0889 FEDERAL SPENDING- AIDS RESEARCH/FIGHT AIDS
Question
1988,1990: fighting the disease AIDS
1992-1996,2000,2002: AIDS research
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased or cut out entirely
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880352
1990: V900379
1992: V923727
1994: V940821
1996: V960498
2000: V000677
2002: V025106x



VCF0890 FEDERAL SPENDING- PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Question
Public schools
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased (before 2012: or cut out entirely)
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.
2002 NOTE:
Respondents were randomly assigned one of two wordings: ‘public school’
or ‘big-city schools’. Data for ‘public schools’ are represented here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840998
1988: V880349
1990: V900383
1992: V923818
1994: V940823
1996: V960562
2000: V000683
2002: V025108x
2004: V043166
2008: V083142
2012: fedspend_schools
2016: V161206
2020: V201303
2024: V241264



VCF0891 FEDERAL SPENDING- FIN AID FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS
Question
Financial aid for college students
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased or cut out entirely
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860328
1988: V880378
1992: V923728
1996: V960500



VCF0892 FEDERAL SPENDING- FOREIGN AID
Question
Foreign aid
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased or cut out entirely
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900378
1996: V960499
2000: V000678
2002: V025116x
2004: V043171
2008: V083147



VCF0893 FEDERAL SPENDING- THE HOMELESS
Question
1988: the homeless
1990: government assistance for the homeless
1992,1996: solving the problem of the homeless
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased or cut out entirely
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880385
1990: V900384
1992: V923730
1996: V960501



VCF0894 FEDERAL SPENDING- WELFARE PROGRAMS
Question
Welfare programs
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased (before 2012: or cut out entirely)
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes for, and preceding,
VCF0886.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923726
1994: V940820
1996: V960497
2000: V000676
2002: V025107x
2004: V043169
2008: V083145
2012: fedspend_welfare
2016: V161209
2020: V201312
2024: V241273



VCF0900 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF RESIDENCE
Question
Congressional district of interview
Valid
Codes1-53 Plus:
Missing
99. District of Columbia
00. NA; wrong district identified
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Congressional district corresponds to the districting in effect during
the year of the interview, with the exception of California only for
1974: the redistricting occurring in California during 1974 was not
completed in time to be represented in the 1974 study. District
numbers associated with 1974 California respondents are the district
numbers which were in effect in 1973.
Note that in some years several cases of corrections have been made to
states and/or Congressional districts due to inconsistencies or errors
in the STUDY data.
1992 NOTE 1:
For panel cases, this provides the congressional district of R’s
original address (1990) rather than that of the address at which R was
residing in 1992. Additionally, even if R did not move since 1990, the
redistricting which took place in many areas in 1992 may have changed
R’S district number in 1992.
1992 NOTE 2:
Late in 1994, it was discovered that in 50 cases an incorrect CD number
had been assigned. These errors affect all questions related to House
race which are administered according to assigned-CD candidate names.
In the introduction to this codebook (p. iv) is a listing of 1992 (pre)
case IDs with correct congressional districts, however no data have
been changed in this file as a result. Users of CDF data can delete
these cases from affected vars if desired.
1994 NOTE:
For panel cases who moved since their original, VCF0900 records the
congressional district where R was interviewed for the current Study.
The candidate list information also corresponds to the district where R
was residing during the current Study interview.
1996 NOTE:
same as 1994.
2000 NOTE:
3 cases were misidentified PA in the Preload but should have been NJ.
These cases are coded 00.
2002 NOTE:
Preload district assignment was incorrect in 1 case.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560008
1958: V580010
1960: V600011
1964: V640013
1966: V660011
1968: V680015
1970: V700025(type 0)
1972: V720006
1974: V742007
1976: V763007
1978: V780011
1980: V800007
1982: V820019
1984: V840013
1986: V860049
1988: V880013
1990: V900013
1992: V923019
1994: V940015
1996: V960107
1998: V980090
2000: V000083
2002: V021202
2004: V041202,V041204
2012: sample_district
2016: V161010f
2020: V203002
2024: V243009



VCF0900b STATE AND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT- FIPS
Question
FIPS state and Congressional district of interview
Missing
9999. 00,98,99 in VCF0900 or 00,99 in VCF0901a
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0901a and VCF0900.
2004 NOTE:
The 2004 study included a variable comparable to this, thus 2004
data is not built from VCF0901a and VCF0900.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2004: V041202,V041204b



VCF0900c STATE AND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT- POSTAL ABBREV AND CD
Question
Postal code and Congressional district of interview
Missing
9999. 00,98,99 in VCF0900 or blank in VCF0901b
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0901b (postal abbreviation) and VCF0900 (district).
2004 NOTE:
The 2004 study included a variable comparable to this, thus 2004
data is not built from VCF0901b and VCF0900.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2004: V041202,V041204b



VCF0901a STATE CODE- FIPS
Question
State of interview - FIPS code
Missing
99. NA
00. Wrong district identified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘STATE AND COUNTRY CODES’.
See notes VCF0901.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520006
1956: V560007
1958: V580009
1960: V600010
1962: V620003
1964: V640012
1966: V660010
1968: V680014
1970: V700018(type 0)
1972: V720004
1974: V742007
1976: V763007
1978: V780012
1980: V800008
1982: V820015
1984: V840013
1986: V860049
1988: V880012
1990: V900012
1992: V923017
1994: V940014
1996: V960109
1998: V980086
2000: V000079
2002: V021201
2004: V041202
2012: sample_state
2016: V161010e
2020: V203000
2024: V243002



VCF0901b STATE POSTAL ABBREV
Question
State of interview - state postal abbreviation
Missing
99. NA; wrong district identified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0901a.
NA, INAP in VCF0901a are represented here as 99. Washington D.C. is
represented as ‘DC’.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2020: V203001
2024: V243001



VCF0902 TYPE OF U.S. HOUSE RACE
Question
Type of House race for district of interviews
Valid
12. Democratic incumbent running–Republican challenger
13. Democratic incumbent–other challenger
14. Democratic incumbent running–unopposed
19. Democratic incumbent running–Republican challenger and others
21. Republican incumbent running–Democratic challenger
23. Republican incumbent–other challenger
24. Republican incumbent running–unopposed
29. Republican incumbent running–Democratic challenger and others
31. Other incumbent running–Democratic challenger
32. Other incumbent running–Republican challenger
34. Other incumbent running–unopposed
35. Other incumbent running–Democratic and Republican challengers
36. Other incumbent running–Republican and other challengers
37. Other incumbent running–Democratic and other challengers
39. Other incumbent running – Democratic, Republican, other challengers
40. Democratic and Republican incumbents running–no other candidate (see note)
41. Two Democratic incumbents running (see note)
45. Two Republican incumbents running (see note)
49. Democratic and Republican incumbents running–other candidate (see note)
51. No incumbent Repr. running–Democratic candidate unopposed
52. No incumbent Repr. running–Republican candidate unopposed
53. No incumbent Repr. running–other candidate unopposed
55. No incumbent Repr. running–Democratic and Republican candidates
56. No incumbent Repr. running–Republican and other candidates
57. No incumbent Repr. running–Democratic and other candidates
59. No incumbent Repr. running–Democratic and Republican and other candidates
83. No identifiable incumbent, Democratic candidate in open race due to
redistricting
84. No identifiable incumbent, Republican candidate in open race due to
redistricting
85. No identifiable incumbent, Democratic and Republican candidates in open race
due to redistricting
89. No identifiable incumbent, Democratic, Republican and other candidates in
open race due to redistricting
Missing
99. NA
00. Washington D.C.; California (1974 only, due to redistricting type
of race could not be determined); wrong district identified; no
post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable is available for 1970, 1974 and 1976 as well as 1978 and
later. See warning NOTE below. In some years this variable is not
available for no-post cases.
ANES samples are not designed to be representative at the Congressional
district level. Samples include cases from only some U.S.
Congressional districts; for most congressional districts in which
interviewing actually takes place, only a small number of interviews
are taken.
Codes 40,41,45 and 49 apply as a result of redistricting: for other
Cumulative Data File variables referent to ‘the incumbent’ and ‘the
challenger’ the incumbent who represented R’s sampling location BEFORE
redistricting has been considered R’s ‘incumbent’ and the other
candidate (incumbent previously not representing R’s sample location)
has been considered the ‘challenger’; if two incumbents ran against
each other due to redistricting but neither had previously represented
R’s location, neither candidate has been treated as an ‘incumbent’.
SEE 2012 NOTE FOR CHANGE IN 2012.
1970,1974,1976 WARNING NOTE:
In 1970, 1974 and 1976, no type of race var was present in the original
ANES datasets. Data for these years have been added to VCF0902 by
implementing a case-by-case determination of type of race for every R’s
congressional district through consultation of reference materials.
The resultant data in VCF0902 for these years have been checked
somewhat, but perfect accuracy cannot be guaranteed due to the nature
of attempting case-by-case coding. The type of race established in
VCF0902 (and data in VCF0904-905 by derivation) for 1970, 1974 and 1976
should be used with caution and at the user’s risk.
1978 NOTE:
1978 data in this variable do not exactly match the 1978 Study data:
several congressional districts in 1978 were not accurately coded for
for type of House race. MS03 was coded as 14 in the original 1978 data
but should have been coded 12 (24 cases); NY19 was coded as 12 in the
original 1978 data but should have been coded 14 (9 cases); NY38 was
coded as 21 but should have been coded 24 (14 cases). In VCF0902 these
cases have been corrected. However,Note that in other Cumulative Data
File 900s-series congressional vars except for VCF0904, VCF0905 and
VCF1004-1014, candidate-level data continue to accord with the
original 1978 study designated type of race for MS03, NY19 and NY38.
1984 NOTE:
1 case in TX22 and 1 case in WA01 were mistakenly coded 65 in the
Study dataset and have been corrected to 55 here. Also, 1 case in WI05
was mistakenly coded 13 and has been corrected to 14 here. 1 case in
OH08 and 1 case in WI09 were mistakenly coded 12 and have been
corrected to 21 here. Finally, 4 cases in CA38 were incorrectly coded
(1 as 13, 3 as 21) and have been corrected to 12 here. These changes
have been reflected in VCF1004 and VCF1005.
1992 NOTE 1:
For panel cases, this provides the type of race for the 1992
congressional district of R’s original address (1990) rather than the
address to which R may have moved by the time of the 1992 interview(s).
1992 NOTE 2:
Late in 1994, it was discovered that in 50 cases an incorrect CD number
had been assigned. These errors affect all questions related to House
race which were administered according to assigned-CD candidate names.
In the introduction to this codebook is a listing of case IDs with
correct districts, however no data have been changed in this file as a
result. Users can delete these cases from affected vars if desired.
1994 NOTE:
Codes represent type of race in district of interview location for the
current Study year.
1996 NOTE 1:
same as 1994.
1996 NOTE 2:
14 Pre interviews were conducted before the status of the congressional
race in R’s district assumed its final form. These cases are flagged
in 1996 Study variable V960127, and the race type projected at the time
the Pre interview was administered is documented in 1996 Study variable
V960128. (In such cases Pre survey data are consistent with V960128.)
1998 NOTE:
2 districts had the incorrect type of race identified, and the 1998
instrument was administered according to the incorrect type of House
race. Cumulative Data File variables utilize 1998 data which have not
had corrections made: In 1998, cases in AL07 should have been type
race 14 (instead of 24); cases in CA41 should have been type race 55
(instead of 12).
2000 NOTE:
3 cases were misidentified PA in the Preload but should have been NJ.
These cases are coded 00.
2002 NOTE:
Code 55 includes 2 cases from LA05 where a Democratic and 2 Republican
candidates were running.
2004 NOTE:
The extent of the Texas redistricting prior to the 2004 election
produced House races with incumbents running in areas where he or
she had provided little or no prior representation, thus no Texas
candidate has been identified as a true incumbent (running or
retiring) for the new Texas districts (House type race 44-49).
2012 NOTE:
The extent of redistricting in 2012 prohibited singling out, at
district level, one candidate who not only ran in 2012 to represent
households within the boundaries of the new district which corresponded
to R’s household location and who was also, prior to the redistricting,
the U.S. House representative for households within the boundaries of
the previous district that corresponded to R’s household location
(prior to redistricting). Overlap of new and old district was often
very small. Incumbents in VCF0902-VCF0905, VCF0908 can only identify
whether or not a candidate running for Congress in 2012 was in office
in Congress prior to the 2012 elections.
Note that VCF1014 (House winner) is coded at district level according
to type House race in VCF0902.
Louisiana district 3 is coded for House race type 45; a Democratic
challenging candidate also ran in the district.
2016 NOTE:
Final candidates for the U.S. House election in district LA04 were not
determined prior to post-election interviewing. LA04 cases are coded
99. For some 2016 cases, names of candidates were not preloaded either
because date of interview preceded date when final candidates were
determined or else due to preload issue. For the latter instances, any
CDF questions related to candidates are NA.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780004
1980: V800740
1982: V820006
1984: V840059
1986: V860043
1988: V880050
1990: V900058
1992: V923021
1994: V940017
1996: V960097
1998: V980065
2000: V000194
2002: V024500a
2004: V044502
2012: typerace2012_hse
2016: V161010e,V161010f
2020: V203515



VCF0903 IS HOUSE INCUMBENT RUNNING
Question
Incumbent candidate - checkpoint
Valid
1. US House Representative is running for re-election in R’s district
2. US House Representative is NOT running for re- election in R’s district
(‘retiring’)
Missing
9. no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); wrong district identified
(2000); Washington D.C.
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
1970, 1974 and 1976 data have been derived from VCF0902 (q.v.).
VCF0903 has not been affected [i.e., no correction is required] by
changes in 1978 data for type of House race (SEE VCF0902). 1984
corrections to original type of race data (SEE VCF0902) are not
reflected in VCF0903-905.
Code 1 includes congressional districts where 2 incumbents ran due to
redistricting.
Note that for districts where 2 incumbents were running due to
redistricting, neither of whom had previously represented R’s location,
this variable has been coded 2.
2004 NOTE:
Note that for districts where 2 incumbents were running due to
redistricting, neither of whom had previously represented R’s
location, this variable has been coded 2; when unclear whether
either incumbent had previously represented the district then
2 has been coded.
2012 NOTE:
See VCF0902 NOTEs.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780004
1980: V800928
1982: V820175
1984: V840932
1986: V860219
1988: V880714
1990: V900237
1992: V923021
1994: V940017
1996: V961122
1998: V980325
2000: V000194
2002: V024500a
2004: V044502
2012: typerace2012_hse
2016: V161010e,V161010f
2020: V203515



VCF0904 IS HOUSE INCUMBENT OPPOSED
Question
Incumbent opposed/ unopposed - checkpoint
Valid
1. Running incumbent is unopposed
2. Running incumbent is opposed
Missing
9. Washington D.C.; no Post IW; wrong district identified (2000)
0. No incumbent running in CD
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
1970, 1974 and 1976 data have been derived from VCF0902 (Q.V.).
Code 2 includes opposition from a non-major party candidate if his/her
name was on the candidate list.
Note that for districts where 2 incumbents were running due to
redistricting, neither of whom had previously represented R’s location,
this variable has been coded 0.
1978 NOTE:
Several changes to data for type of House race from 1978 have been
made since previous release of the Cumulative Data File (see NOTEs
VCF0902). As a result, VCF0904 and VCF0905 have been changed
accordingly.
1984 NOTE:
Corrections to original type of race data (SEE VCF0902) are not
reflected in VCF0903-905.
2004 NOTE:
The extent of the Texas redistricting prior to the 2004 election
produced House races with incumbents running in areas where he or
she had provided little or no prior representation, thus no Texas
candidate has been identified as a true incumbent (running or
retiring) for the new Texas districts (House type race 44-49).
2012 NOTE:
See VCF0902 NOTEs.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780196
1980: V800740
1982: V820006
1984: V840059
1986: V860230
1988: V880725
1990: V900248
1992: V923021
1994: V940017
1996: V960097
1998: V980065
2000: V000194
2002: V024500a
2004: V044502
2012: typerace2012_hse
2016: V161010e,V161010f
2020: V203515



VCF0905 NUMBER OF CANDIDATES IN U.S. HOUSE RACE
Question
Number of candidates - checkpoint
Valid
1. Major party candidate, unopposed
2. Two or more major party candidates
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); Washington D.C.;
candidate(s) not in major party; wrong district identified
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable is available for 1970 and 1974-1992. The 1970, 1974 and
1976 data were derived from VCF0902 (Q.V.).
Note that for districts where 2 incumbents were running due to
redistricting, neither of whom had previously represented R’s location,
this variable has been coded 0.
1978 NOTE:
Several changes to data for type of House race from 1978 have been
made since previous release of the Cumulative Data File (see NOTEs
VCF0902). As a result, VCF0904 and VCF0905 have been changed
accordingly.
1984 NOTE:
Corrections to original type of race data (SEE VCF0902) are not
reflected in VCF0903-905.
2002 NOTE:
Several cases a where non-major-party incumbent was opposed by a major
party challenger have been coded 2.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780004
1980: V800740
1982: V820168
1984: V840928
1986: V860212
1988: V880050
1990: V900058
1992: V923021
1994: V940017
1996: V960097
1998: V980065
2000: V000194
2002: V024500a
2004: V044502
2012: typerace2012_hse
2016: V161010e,V161010f
2020: V203515



VCF0906 THERMOMETER - DEMOCRATIC HOUSE CANDIDATE
Question
House Democratic candidate - feeling thermometer
Valid
0-100. Degrees as given
Missing
990. No Democratic candidate
997. R doesn’t recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can’t judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone
IW (1984); Washington D.C.; short form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
2016 NOTE:
Correction to 2016 data are in progress and will be provided in a future
release.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782005
1980: V800855
1982: V820132
1984: V840753
1986: V860136
1988: V880601
1990: V900145
1992: V925311
1994: V940238
1996: V960278
1998: V980239
2000: V001298
2002: V025044
2004: V045046,V044502
2012: ftpo_hdc
2016: V162082
2020: V202145



VCF0907 THERMOMETER - REPUBLICAN HOUSE CANDIDATE
Question
House Republican candidate – feeling thermometer
Valid
0-100. Degrees as given
Missing
990. no Republican candidate
997. R doesn’t recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can’t judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone
IW (1984); Washington D.C.; short form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
2016 NOTE:
Correction to 2016 data are in progress and will be provided in a future
release.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782006
1980: V800856
1982: V820133
1984: V840754
1986: V860137
1988: V880602
1990: V900146
1992: V925312
1994: V940239
1996: V960279
1998: V980240
2000: V001299
2002: V025045
2004: V045047, 044502
2012: ftpo_hrc
2016: V162083
2020: V202146



VCF0908 THERMOMETER - INCUMBENT HOUSE CANDIDATE
Question
Running House incumbent candidate – feeling thermometer
Valid
0-100. Degrees as given
Missing
990. Incumbent is not running
997. R doesn’t recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can’t judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone
IW (1984); Washington D.C.; short form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0906,VCF0907.
2000 NOTE:
Data for independent running incumbents (VT01 VT05) are included.
2004 NOTE:
The extent of the Texas redistricting prior to the 2004 election
produced House races with incumbents running in areas where he or
she had provided little or no prior representation, thus no Texas
candidate has been identified as a true incumbent (running or
retiring) for the new Texas districts (House type race 44-49).
2012 NOTE:
See notes VCF0902. This represents any district candidates running in
2012 (113th Congress) who had been in the House in any district for the
112th Congress (prior to the redistricting).
2016 NOTE:
Correction to 2016 data are in progress and will be provided in a future
release.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2020: V202145, V202146



VCF0909 THERMOMETER - CHALLENGER HOUSE CANDIDATE
Question
Challenger to running House incumbent – feeling thermometer
Valid
0-100. Degrees as given
Missing
990. Incumbent is unopposed or not running
997. R doesn’t recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can’t judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone
IW (1984); Washington D.C.; short form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0906,VCF0907.
2012 NOTE:
See notes VCF0908.
2016 NOTE:
Correction to 2016 data are in progress and will be provided in a future
release.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2020: V202145, V202146



VCF0910 CONTACT WITH RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
There are many ways in which (U.S. Representatives/congressional
candidates) can have contact with the people from their districts. On
this page are some of these ways.
Think of [incumbent candidate] (who has been the U.S. Representative/
who ran for the U.S. House of Representatives) from this district.
Have you come into contact with or learned anything about (him/her)
through any of these ways? (LIST SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Yes
5. No, no contact at all
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbreviated IW (1984); short form IW
(1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Districts in which the respondent’s U.S. House Representative was not
running for re-election have been coded 0.
1984 NOTE:
If R was in a district where no incumbent was running BUT the interview
administered was a telephone IW, then VCF0910-917 have been coded 9,
not 0. If R was in a district where no incumbent was running BUT the
interview administered was an abbreviated telephone IW, then VCF0918
has been coded 9, not 0.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782033
1980: V800918
1982: V820176,V820213,V820223
1984: V840936
1986: V860220
1988: V880715
1990: V900238
1992: V925502,V925513
1994: V940502,V940513



VCF0911 RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT: MET HIM
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT MET [incumbent] PERSONALLY
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911-917; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782034
1980: V800919
1982: V820177,V820214,V820224
1984: V840937
1986: V860221
1988: V880716
1990: V900239
1992: V925503,V925514
1994: V940503,V940514



VCF0912 RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT: ATTENDED MEETING
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT ATTENDED A MEETING OR GATHERING WHERE [incumbent] SPOKE
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911-917; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782035
1980: V800920
1982: V820178,V820215,V820225
1984: V840938
1986: V860222
1988: V880717
1990: V900240
1992: V925504,V925515
1994: V940504,V940515



VCF0913 RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT: TALKED TO STAFF
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT TALKED TO A MEMBER OF [incumbent’s] STAFF OR SOMEONE IN
[incumbent’s] OFFICE
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911-VCF0917; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782036
1980: V800921
1982: V820179,V820216,V820226
1984: V840939
1986: V860223
1988: V880718
1990: V900241
1992: V925505,V925516
1994: V940505,V940516



VCF0914 RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT: RECEIVED MAIL
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT RECEIVED SOMETHING IN MAIL FROM [incumbent]
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911-VCF0917; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782037
1980: V800922
1982: V820180,V820217,V820227
1984: V840940
1986: V860224
1988: V880719
1990: V900242
1992: V925506,V925517
1994: V940506,V940517



VCF0915 RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT: READ ABOUT
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT READ ABOUT [incumbent] IN A NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911-VCF917; no Post IW;
Washington D.C. telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782038
1980: V800923
1982: V820181,V820218,V820228
1984: V840941
1986: V860225
1988: V880720
1990: V900243
1992: V925507,V925518
1994: V940507,V940518



VCF0916 RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT: HEARD ON RADIO
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT HEARD [incumbent] ON THE RADIO
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911 VCF0917; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782039
1980: V800924
1982: V820182,V820219,V820229
1984: V840942
1986: V860226
1988: V880721
1990: V900244
1992: V925508,V925519
1994: V940508,V940519



VCF0917 RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT: SAW ON TV
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT SAW [incumbent] ON TV
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0910); NA VCF0911 VCF0917; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782040
1980: V800925
1982: V820183,V820220,V820230
1984: V840943
1986: V860227
1988: V880722
1990: V900245
1992: V925509,V925520
1994: V940509,V940520



VCF0918 KNOW ANYONE WHO HAD CONTACT WITH RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Do you know anyone, any of your family, friends or people at work, who
have had some contact with [incumbent]?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form IW (1992)
0. No incumbent candidate running
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0910.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782042
1980: V800927
1982: V820185,V820222,V820232
1984: V840945
1986: V860229
1988: V880724
1990: V900247
1992: V925511,V925522
1994: V940511,V940522



VCF0919 CHALLENGER TO RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
How about [challenging candidate] who also ran for has been the U.S.
House of Representative from this district.
Have you come into contact with or learned anything about (him/her)
through any of these ways?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No, no contact at all
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form
IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; challenger not in major
party
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Districts in which the respondent’s U.S. House representative was not
running for re-election have been coded 0.
1984 NOTE:
if R was in a district where no incumbent was running or where the
incumbent was unopposed (or opposed by a non-major party challenger)
BUT the interview administered was a telephone IW, then VCF0919-926
have been coded 9, not 0. If R was in a district where no incumbent
was running or where the incumbent was unopposed (or opposed by a non-
major party challenger) BUT the interview administered was an
abbreviated telephone IW, then VCF0927 has been coded 9, not 0.
1986 NOTE:
in the 1986 Study data, 8 major party challengers to the running U.S.
House incumbent were mistakenly excluded from challenger data (6
Republican challengers, 2 Democratic challengers). Contact data for
these individuals have been coded 9 (NA) in VCF0919-927 and VCF0947.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782043
1980: V800929
1982: V820186,V820213,V820223
1984: V840946
1986: V860231
1988: V880726
1990: V900249
1992: V925502,V925513
1994: V940502,V940513



VCF0920 CHALLENGER TO U.S. HOUSE RUNNING INCUMBENT: MET HIM
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT MET [challenger] PERSONALLY
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0920-926; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact
mentioned is an unspecified ‘other’; challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782044
1980: V800930
1982: V820187,V820214,V820224
1984: V840947
1986: V860232
1988: V880727
1990: V900250
1992: V925503,V925514
1994: V940503,V940514



VCF0921 CHALLENGER TO U.S. HOUSE RUNNING INCUMBENT: ATTENDED MEETING
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT ATTENDED A MEETING OR GATHERING WHERE [challenger] SPOKE
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0920-926; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact
mentioned is an unspecified ‘other’; challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782045
1980: V800931
1982: V820188,V820215,V820225
1984: V840948
1986: V860233
1988: V880728
1990: V900251
1992: V925504,V925515
1994: V940504,V940515



VCF0922 CHALLENGER TO U.S. HOUSE RUNNING INCUMBENT: TALKED TO STAFF
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT TALKED TO A MEMBER OF [challenger’s] STAFF OR SOMEONE IN
[challenger’s] OFFICE
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0920-926; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact
mentioned is an unspecified ‘other’; challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782046
1980: V800932
1982: V820189,V820216,V820226
1984: V840949
1986: V860234
1988: V880729
1990: V900252
1992: V925505,V925516
1994: V940505,V940516



VCF0923 CHALLENGER TO U.S. HOUSE RUNNING INCUMBENT: RECEIVED MAIL
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT RECEIVED SOMETHING IN MAIL FROM [challenger]
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0920-926; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact
mentioned is an unspecified ‘other’; challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782047
1980: V800933
1982: V820190,V820217,V820227
1984: V840950
1986: V860235
1988: V880730
1990: V900253
1992: V925506,V925517
1994: V940506,V940517



VCF0924 CHALLENGER TO U.S. HOUSE RUNNING INCUMBENT: READ ABOUT
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT READ ABOUT [challenger] IN A NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0920-926; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact
mentioned is an unspecified ‘other;’ challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782048
1980: V800934
1982: V820191,V820218,V820228
1984: V840951
1986: V860236
1988: V880731
1990: V900254
1992: V925507,V925518
1994: V940507,V940518



VCF0925 CHALLENGER TO U.S. HOUSE RUNNING INCUMBENT: HEARD ON RADIO
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT HEARD [challenger] ON THE RADIO
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0920-926; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact
mentioned is an unspecified ‘other’; challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782049
1980: V800935
1982: V820192,V820219,V820229
1984: V840952
1986: V860237
1988: V880732
1990: V900255
1992: V925508,V925519
1994: V940508,V940519



VCF0926 CHALLENGER TO U.S. HOUSE RUNNING INCUMBENT: SAW ON TV
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT SAW [challenger] ON TV
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0919-926; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact
mentioned is an unspecified ‘other’; challenger not in major party
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782050
1980: V800936
1982: V820193,V820220,V820230
1984: V840953
1986: V860238
1988: V880733
1990: V900256
1992: V925509,V925520
1994: V940509,V940520



VCF0927 KNOW ANYONE WHO HAD CONTACT WITH CHALLENGER TO RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Do you know anyone, any of your family, friends or people at work, who
have had some contact with [challenger]
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; challenger not in major
party
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0919.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782052
1980: V800938
1982: V820195,V820222,V820232
1984: V840955
1986: V860240
1988: V880735
1990: V900258
1992: V925511,V925522
1994: V940511,V940522



VCF0928 CONTACT WITH U.S. HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAND
Question
Think of [Democratic candidate] [who has been the U.S. Representative
from this district/ who ran for the U.S. House of Representatives from
this district].
Have you come into contact with or learned anything about (him/her)
through any of these ways?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No, no contact at all
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW
(1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running
INAP. question not used
Notes
1984 NOTE:
If R was in a district where no Democratic candidate was running BUT
the interview administered was a telephone IW, then VCF0928-935 have
been coded 9, not 0. If R was in a district where no Democratic
candidate was running BUT the interview administered was an abbreviated
telephone IW, then VCF0936 has been coded 9, not 0.
1986 NOTE:
In the 1986 Study dataset, 8 major party challengers to the running
U.S. House incumbent were mistakenly excluded from challenger data (SEE
VCF0919). Two of the omitted challengers were Democratic: contact
data for them appear in code 9 (NA) in VCF0928- VCF0936 and VCF0948.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782013
1980: V800918,V800929,V800939
1982: V820176,V820186,V820213,V820267
1984: V840936,V840946,V840968
1986: V860220,V860231,V860241
1988: V880715,V880726,V880736
1990: V900238,V900249,V900259
1992: V925502
1994: V940502



VCF0929 U.S. HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAND: MET HIM
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT MET [Democratic candidate] PERSONALLY
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929 VCF0935; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782014
1980: V800919,V800930,V800940
1982: V820177,V820187,V820214,V820268
1984: V840937,V840947,V840969
1986: V860221,V860232,V860242
1988: V880716,V880727,V880737
1990: V900239,V900250,V900260
1992: V925503
1994: V940503



VCF0930 U.S. HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAND: ATTENDED MEETING
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT ATTENDED A MEETING OR GATHERING WHERE [Democratic candidate]
SPOKE
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929 VCF0935; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782015
1980: V800920,V800931,V800941
1982: V820178,V820188,V820215,V820269
1984: V840938,V840948,V840970
1986: V860222,V860233,V860243
1988: V880717,V880728,V880738
1990: V900240,V900251,V900261
1992: V925504
1994: V940504



VCF0931 U.S. HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAND: TALKED TO STAFF
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT TALKED TO A MEMBER OF [Democratic candidate] STAFF OR
SOMEONE IN [Democratic candidate’s] OFFICE
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929 VCF0935; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782016
1980: V800921,V800932,V800942
1982: V820179,V820189,V820216,V820270
1984: V840939,V840949,V840971
1986: V860223,V860234,V860244
1988: V880718,V880729,V880739
1990: V900241,V900252,V900262
1992: V925505
1994: V940505



VCF0932 U.S. HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAND: RECEIVED MAIL
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT RECEIVED SOMETHING IN MAIL FROM [Democratic candidate]
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929 VCF0935; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782017
1980: V800922,V800933,V800943
1982: V820180,V820190,V820217,V820271
1984: V840940,V840950,V840972
1986: V860224,V860235,V860245
1988: V880719,V880730,V880740
1990: V900242,V900253,V900263
1992: V925506
1994: V940506



VCF0933 U.S. HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAND: READ ABOUT
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT READ ABOUT [Democratic candidate] IN A NEWSPAPER OR
MAGAZINE
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929 VCF0935; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782018
1980: V800923,V800934,V800944
1982: V820181,V820191,V820218,V820272
1984: V840941,V840951,V840973
1986: V860225,V860236,V860246
1988: V880720,V880731,V880741
1990: V900243,V900254,V900264
1992: V925507
1994: V940507



VCF0934 U.S. HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAND: HEARD ON RADIO
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT HEARD [Democratic candidate] ON THE RADIO
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929-VCF935; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782019
1980: V800924,V800935,V800945
1982: V820182,V820192,V820219,V820273
1984: V840942,V840952,V840974
1986: V860226,V860237,V860247
1988: V880721,V880732,V880742
1990: V900244,V900255,V900265
1992: V925508
1994: V940508



VCF0935 U.S. HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAND: SAW ON TV
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT SAW [Democratic candidate] ON TV
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0928); NA VCF0929 VCF0935; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782020
1980: V800925,V800936,V800946
1982: V820183,V820193,V820220,V820274
1984: V840943,V840953,V840975
1986: V860227,V860238,V860248
1988: V880722,V880733,V880743
1990: V900245,V900256,V900266
1992: V925509
1994: V940509



VCF0936 KNOW ANYONE WHO HAD CONTACT WITH U.S. HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAND
Question
Do you know anyone, any of your family, friends or people at work, who
have had some contact with [Democratic candidate]?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
form IW (1992)
0. No Democratic candidate running
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0928.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782022
1980: V800927,V800938,V800948
1982: V820185,V820195,V820222,V820276
1984: V840945,V840955,V840977
1986: V860229,V860240,V860250
1988: V880724,V880735,V880745
1990: V900247,V900258,V900268
1992: V925511
1994: V940511



VCF0937 CONTACT WITH U.S. HOUSE REPUBLICAN CAND
Question
Think of [Republican candidate] [who has been the U.S. Representative
from this district/ who ran for the U.S. House of Representatives from
this district].
Have you come into contact with or learned anything about (him/her)
through any of these ways?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW
(1992)
0. No Republican candidate running
INAP. question not used
Notes
1984 NOTE:
If R was in a district where no Republican candidate was running BUT
the interview administered was a telephone IW, then VCF0928-935 have
been coded 9, not 0. If R was in a district where no Republican
candidate was running BUT the interview administered was an abbreviated
telephone IW, then VCF0936 has been coded 9, not 0.
1986 NOTE:
In the 1986 Study dataset, 8 major party challengers to the running
U.S. House incumbent were mistakenly excluded from challenger data (SEE
VCF0919). Six of the omitted challengers were Republican: contact
data for them appear in code 9 (NA) in VCF0928- VCF0936 and VCF0948.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782023
1980: V800918,V800929,V800949
1982: V820176,V820186,V820223,V820277
1984: V840936,V840946,V840978
1986: V860220,V860231,V860251
1988: V880715,V880726,V880746
1990: V900238,V900249,V900269
1992: V925513
1994: V940513



VCF0938 U.S. HOUSE REPUBLICAN CAND: MET HIM
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT MET [Republican candidate] PERSONALLY
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782024
1980: V800919,V800930,V800950
1982: V820177,V820187,V820224,V820278
1984: V840937,V840947,V840979
1986: V860221,V860232,V860252
1988: V880716,V880727,V880747
1990: V900239,V900250,V900270
1992: V925514
1994: V940514



VCF0939 U.S. HOUSE REPUBLICAN CAND: ATTENDED MEETING
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT ATTENDED A MEETING OR GATHERING WHERE [Republican
candidate] SPOKE
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782025
1980: V800920,V800931,V800951
1982: V820178,V820188,V820225,V820279
1984: V840938,V840948,V840980
1986: V860222,V860233,V860253
1988: V880717,V880728,V880748
1990: V900240,V900251,V900271
1992: V925515
1994: V940515



VCF0940 U.S. HOUSE REPUBLICAN CAND: TALKED TO STAFF
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT TALKED TO A MEMBER OF [Republican candidate’s] STAFF OR
SOMEONE IN [Republican candidate’s] OFFICE
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782026
1980: V800921,V800932,V800952
1982: V820179,V820189,V820226,V820280
1984: V840939,V840949,V840981
1986: V860223,V860234,V860254
1988: V880718,V880729,V880749
1990: V900241,V900252,V900272
1992: V925516
1994: V940516



VCF0941 U.S. HOUSE REPUBLICAN CAND: RECEIVED MAIL
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT RECEIVED SOMETHING IN MAIL FROM [Republican candidate]
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; contact mentioned is an
unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782027
1980: V800922,V800933,V800953
1982: V820180,V820190,V820227,V820281
1984: V840940,V840950,V840982
1986: V860224,V860235,V860255
1988: V880719,V880730,V880750
1990: V900242,V900253,V900273
1992: V925517
1994: V940517



VCF0942 U.S. HOUSE REPUBLICAN CAND: READ ABOUT
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT READ ABOUT [Republican candidate] IN A NEWSPAPER OR
MAGAZINE
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782028
1980: V800923,V800934,V800954
1982: V820181,V820191,V820228,V820282
1984: V840941,V840951,V840983
1986: V860225,V860236,V860256
1988: V880720,V880731,V880751
1990: V900243,V900254,V900274
1992: V925518
1994: V940518



VCF0943 U.S. HOUSE REPUBLICAN CAND: HEARD ON RADIO
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT HEARD [Republican candidate] ON THE RADIO
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782029
1980: V800924,V800935,V800955
1982: V820182,V820192,V820229,V820283
1984: V840942,V840952,V840984
1986: V860226,V860237,V860257
1988: V880721,V880732,V880752
1990: V900244,V900255,V900275
1992: V925519
1994: V940519



VCF0944 U.S. HOUSE REPUBLICAN CAND: SAW ON TV
Question
Which ones?
RESPONDENT SAW [Republican candidate] ON TV
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA if contact made (9 in VCF0937); NA VCF0938 VCF0944; no Post IW;
Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running; no contact; only contact mentioned is
an unspecified ‘other’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782030
1980: V800925,V800936,V800956
1982: V820183,V820193,V820230,V820284
1984: V840943,V840953,V840985
1986: V860227,V860238,V860258
1988: V880722,V880733,V880753
1990: V900245,V900256,V900276
1992: V925520
1994: V940520



VCF0945 KNOW ANYONE WHO HAD CONTACT WITH U.S. HOUSE REPUBLICAN CAND
Question
Do you know anyone, any of your family, friends or people at work, who
have had some contact with [Republican candidate]?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form IW (1992)
0. No Republican candidate running
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0937.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782032
1980: V800927,V800938,V800958
1982: V820185,V820195,V820232,V820286
1984: V840945,V840955,V840987
1986: V860229,V860240,V860260
1988: V880724,V880735,V880755
1990: V900247,V900258,V900278
1992: V925522
1994: V940522



VCF0946 COUNT OF CONTACT TYPES- RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT CAND
Question
Number of specified contacts made with running incumbent candidate
Valid
0. No contacts
1. One contact
2. Two contacts
3. Three contacts
4. Four contacts
5. Five contacts
6. Six contacts
7. Seven contacts
Missing
8. Incumbent not running
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short
form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
Derived from VCF0911-917.
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable does not count contacts other than the 7 specified
types of contact.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0946a YES/NO ANY CONTACT WITH RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT CAND
Question
Contact with running incumbent? (YES/NO)
Valid
1. Yes, contact
5. No, no contact
Missing
0.MD in VCF0946
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This var collapses VCF0946.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0947 COUNT OF CONTACT TYPES- CHALLENGER TO RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT CAND
Question
Number of specified contacts made with challenger to running
incumbent candidate
Valid
0. No contacts
1. One contact
2. Two contacts
3. Three contacts
4. Four contacts
5. Five contacts
6. Six contacts
7. Seven contacts
Missing
8. Incumbent not running or running unopposed
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short
form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
Derived from VCF0920-926.
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable does not count contacts other than the 7 specified
types of contact.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0947a YES/NO ANY CONTACT WITH CHALLENGER TO RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT CAND
Question
Contact with challenger to running incumbent? (YES/NO)
Valid
1. Yes, contact
5. No, no contact
Missing
0.MD in VCF0947
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This var collapses VCF0947.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0948 COUNT OF CONTACT TYPES- U.S. HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAND
Question
Number of specified contacts made with Democratic candidate
Valid
0. No contacts
1. One contact
2. Two contacts
3. Three contacts
4. Four contacts
5. Five contacts
6. Six contacts
7. Seven contacts
Missing
8. Democrat not running
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short
form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
Derived from VCF0928-935.
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable does not count contacts other than the 7 specified
types of contact.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0948a YES/NO ANY CONTACT WITH U.S. HOUSE DEMOCRATIC CAND
Question
Contact with Democratic candidate? (YES/NO)
Valid
1. Yes, contact
5. No, no contact
Missing
0.MD in VCF0948
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable collapsed from VCF0948.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0949 COUNT OF CONTACT TYPES- U.S. HOUSE REPUBLICAN CAND
Question
Number of specified contacts made with Republican candidate
Valid
0. No contacts
1. One contact
2. Two contacts
3. Three contacts
4. Four contacts
5. Five contacts
6. Six contacts
7. Seven contacts
Missing
8. Republican not running
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form
IW (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
Derived from VCF0937-944.
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable does not count contacts other than the 7 specified
types of contact.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0949a YES/NO ANY CONTACT WITH U.S. HOUSE REPUBLICAN CAND
Question
Contact with Republican candidate? (YES/NO)
Valid
1. Yes, contact
5. No, no contact
Missing
0.MD in VCF0949
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This var collapses VCF0949.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0950 CONTACTED RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent not running
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Districts where the incumbent was not running have been coded 0.
1984 NOTE:
if R was in a district where the U.S. House representative was not
running for re-election BUT the interview administered was an
abbreviated telephone IW, then VCF0950-960 have been coded 9, not 0.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780227
1980: V800959
1982: V820196,V820233,V820250
1984: V840956
1986: V860282
1988: V880780
1990: V900303
1992: V925701
1994: V940628



VCF0951 CONTACTED RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT TO EXPRESS OPINION
Question
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Was it to express an opinion?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
form IW (1992)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; incumbent not running
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780228
1980: V800960
1982: V820197,V820234,V820251
1984: V840957
1986: V860283
1988: V880781
1990: V900304
1992: V925702
1994: V940629



VCF0952 CONTACTED RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT TO SEEK INFORMATION
Question
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Was it to seek information?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
form IW (1992)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; incumbent not running
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780229
1980: V800961
1982: V820198,V820235,V820252
1984: V840958
1986: V860284
1988: V880782
1990: V900305
1992: V925703
1994: V940630



VCF0953 CONTACTED RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT TO SEEK HELP
Question
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Was it to seek help on a problem (/problem that you had)?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
form IW (1992)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; incumbent not running
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780230
1980: V800962
1982: V820199,V820236,V820253
1984: V840959
1986: V860285
1988: V880783
1990: V900306
1992: V925704
1994: V940631



VCF0954 RESPONSE TO CONTACT WITH RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Did you get a response from [running U.S. House incumbent] or
someone in his/her office?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
form IW (1992)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; incumbent not running; type of
contact NA (1992 ONLY: NA in VCF0951-953)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780231
1980: V800963
1982: V820200,V820237,V820254
1984: V840960
1986: V860286
1988: V880784
1990: V900307
1992: V925705
1994: V940632



VCF0955 SATISFIED W/RESPONSE FROM RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Did you get a response from [running U.S. House incumbent] or
someone in his/her office?
(IF YES:) How satisfied were you with the response: very satisfied,
somewhat satisfied, not very satisfied, or not at all satisfied?
Valid
1. Very satisfied
2. Somewhat satisfied
4. Not very satisfied
5. Not at all satisfied
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
form IW (1992)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) received response; never (or DK/NA if) contacted
incumbent; incumbent not running; type of contact NA (1992 Only: NA
in VCF09451-953)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780232
1980: V800964
1982: V820201,V820238,V820255
1984: V840961
1986: V860287
1988: V880785
1990: V900308
1992: V925706
1994: V940633



VCF0956 KNOW ANYONE (ELSE) WHO CONTACTED RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [running U.S. House
incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent not running
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780233
1980: V800965
1982: V820202,V820239,V820256
1984: V840962
1986: V860288
1988: V880786
1990: V900309
1992: V925707
1994: V940634



VCF0957 OTHER PERSON GET RESPONSE FROM RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [running U.S. House
incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Did this (person/group) get a response?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
form IW (1992)
0. Doesn’t know (or DK/NA if knows) of anyone else; incumbent not running
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780234
1980: V800966
1982: V820203,V820240,V820257
1984: V840963
1986: V860289
1988: V880787
1990: V900310
1992: V925708
1994: V940635



VCF0958 OTHER PERSON SATISFIED W/RESPONSE FROM RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [running U.S. House
incumbent] or anyone in his/her office?
Did this (person/group) get a response?
1978-1986: (IF YES:) Was this (person/group) satisfied with the response?
1988-1992: (IF YES:) How satisfied was this (person/group) with the
response?
Valid
1. Very satisfied (1978-1984: Yes; satisfied)
2. Somewhat satisfied
4. Not very satisfied (1978-1984: Somewhat dissatisfied)
5. Not at all satisfied (1978-1984: No; not satisfied)
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form IW (1992)
0. Person/group did not get (or DK/NA if got) a response; R does not know
(or DK/NA if knows) of anyone else; incumbent not running
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780235
1980: V800967
1982: V820204,V820241,V820258
1984: V840964
1986: V860290
1988: V880788
1990: V900311
1992: V925709
1994: V940636



VCF0959 WOULD RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT BE HELPFUL WITH PROBLEM
Question
If you had (another/a) problem that [running U.S. House incumbent]
could do something about, do you think (he/she) would be very helpful,
somewhat helpful, or not very helpful?
Valid
1. Very helpful
2. Somewhat helpful
3. Not very helpful
7. Depends
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent not running
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780236
1980: V800968
1982: V820205,V820242,V820259
1984: V840965
1986: V860291
1988: V880791
1990: V900312
1992: V925712
1994: V940639



VCF0960 RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT DONE ANYTHING SPECIAL FOR DISTRICT
Question
Do you happen to remember anything special that [running U.S. House
incumbent] has done for his/her district or for the people of his/her
district while s/he has been in Congress?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; DK; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form IW (1992)
0. Incumbent not running
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0950.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780237
1980: V800969
1982: V820206,V820243,V820260
1984: V840966
1986: V860292
1988: V880792
1990: V900316
1992: V925713
1994: V940640



VCF0961 CONTACTED RUNNING OR RETIRING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[retiring OR running U.S. House Representative] or anyone in his/her
office?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. No recent incumbent (1990, NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1990 NOTE:
For New Jersey congressional district 01, the U.S. Representative was
neither ‘retiring’ nor running at the time of the 1990 general
elections. The Representative from NJ01 had campaigned for and been
elected to another office in 1989, and the office of Representative in
NJ 01 was not (in effect) occupied until after the 1990 elections.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780227
1980: V800959
1986: V860282
1990: V900303



VCF0962 CONTACTED RUNNING OR RETIRING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT TO EXPRESS OPINION
Question
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[retiring OR running U.S. House Representative] or anyone in his/her
office?
(IF YES: ) Was it to express an opinion?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; no recent incumbent (1990,
NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780228
1980: V800960
1986: V860283
1990: V900304



VCF0963 CONTACTED RUNNING OR RETIRING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT TO SEEK INFORMATION
Question
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[retiring OR running U.S. House Representative] or anyone in his/her
office?
(IF YES: ) Was it to seek information?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; no recent incumbent (1990,
NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780229
1980: V800961
1986: V860284
1990: V900305



VCF0964 CONTACTED RUNNING OR RETIRING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT TO SEEK HELP
Question
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[retiring OR running U.S. House Representative] or anyone in his/her
office?
(IF YES: ) Was it to seek help on a problem?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; no recent incumbent (1990,
NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780230
1980: V800962
1986: V860285
1990: V900306



VCF0965 RESPONSE TO CONTACT WITH RUNNING OR RETIRING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[retiring OR running U.S. House Representative] or anyone in his/her
office?
(IF YES: ) Did you get a response from [U.S. House representative] or
someone in his/her office?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) contacted incumbent; no recent incumbent (1990,
NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780231
1980: V800963
1986: V860286
1990: V900307



VCF0966 SATISFIED W/RESPONSE FROM RUNNING OR RETIRING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted
[retiring OR running U.S. House Representative] or anyone in his/her
office?
(IF YES: ) Did you get a response from [U.S. House representative] or
someone in his/her office?
(IF YES:) How satisfied were you with the response: very satisfied,
somewhat satisfied, not very satisfied, or not at all satisfied?
Valid
1. Very satisfied
2. Somewhat satisfied
4. Not very satisfied
5. Not at all satisfied
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Never (or DK/NA if) received response; never (or DK/NA if) contacted
incumbent; no recent incumbent (1990, NJ01:10 cases)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780232
1980: V800964
1986: V860287
1990: V900308



VCF0967 KNOW ANYONE (ELSE) WHO CONTACTED RUNNING OR RETIRING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [retiring OR running U.S.
House representative] or anyone in his/her office?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. No recent incumbent (1990, NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780233
1980: V800965
1986: V860288
1990: V900309



VCF0968 OTHER PERSON GET RESPONSE FROM RUNNING OR RETIRING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [retiring OR running U.S.
House representative] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Did this (person/group) get a response?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Doesn’t know (or DK/NA if knows) of anyone else; no recent incumbent
(1990, NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780234
1980: V800966
1986: V860289
1990: V900310



VCF0969 OTHER PERSON SATISFIED WITH RESPONSE FR RUNNING/RETIRING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [retiring OR running U.S.
House Representative] or anyone in his/her office?
(IF YES: ) Did this (person/group) get a response?
1978,1980: (IF YES:) Was this (person/group) satisfied with the response?
1986,1990: (IF YES:) How satisfied was this (person/group) with the
response?
Valid
1. Very satisfied (1978,1980: Yes; satisfied)
2. Somewhat satisfied
4. Not very satisfied (1978,1980: Somewhat dissatisfied)
5. Not at all satisfied (1978,1980: No; not satisfied)
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. Person/group did not get (of DK/NA if got) a response; R does not know
(or DK/NA if knows) of anyone else; no recent incumbent (1990, NJ01:
10 cases)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780235
1980: V800967
1986: V860290
1990: V900311



VCF0970 WOULD RUNNING OR RETIRING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT BE HELPFUL WITH PROBLEM
Question
If you had (another/a) problem that [retiring OR running U.S. House
representative] could do something about, do you think (he/she) would
be very helpful, somewhat helpful, or not very helpful?
Valid
1. Very helpful
2. Somewhat helpful
3. Not very helpful
7. Depends
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986); short form (1992)
0. No recent incumbent (1990, NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780236
1980: V800968
1986: V860291
1990: V900312



VCF0971 RUNNING OR RETIRING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT DONE ANYTHING SPECIAL FOR DISTRICT
Question
Do you happen to remember anything special that [retiring OR running
U.S. House representative] has done for his/her district or for the
people of his/her district while s/he has been in Congress?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. DK; NA; no Post IW; District of Columbia (1986)
0. No recent incumbent (1990, NJ01: 10 cases)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0961.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780237
1980: V800969
1986: V860292
1990: V900316



VCF0972 RECALL NAMES OF U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATES
Question
ALL YEARS EXC. 2000: Do you happen to remember the names of the candidates
for Congress–that is, for the House of Representatives in Washington–
[1996-LATER: Who ran in the November election from this district?] that
ran in this district in November?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No; DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; Washington D.C.; form II,III, IV (1972); abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
2000 NOTE:
Asked pre-election. All other years asked post-election
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580095
1964: V640307
1966: V660088
1968: V680378,V680379
1970: V700202(type 0)
1972: V720945
1974: V742214
1978: V780115
1980: V800823
1982: V820098
1984: V840737
1986: V860103
1988: V880565
1990: V900107
1992: V925109
1994: V940210
1996: V961006
1998: V980223
2000: V000343



VCF0973 RECALL CORRECT NAME OF U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE
Question
Do you happen to remember the names of the candidates for Congress–
that is, for the House of Representatives in Washington– [1996-LATER:
Who ran in the November election from this district?] that ran in this
district in November?
(IF YES:) Who were they?
(1996-LATER:) What is [NAME’S] party?
Valid
1. NAME:valid, PARTY: correct
2. NAME:valid, PARTY: incorrect
3. NAME:valid, PARTY: DK/NA
4. NAME:invalid, PARTY: any
5. NAME:invalid, PARTY: DK/NA
6. NAME:DK/NA, PARTY: any
7. NAME:DK, PARTY: DK/NA;
NAME:NA, PARTY: DK/NA;
R says s/he recalls no names in VCF0972
Missing
9. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.; short form
(1992); NA if R remembers any names (9 in VCF0972); NA name and DK party
(1978 only); R’s district misidentified and R said he/she remembered a
name
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
1958, 1964-1974 data were not coded comparably and are excluded.
1978 NOTE:
Tthe second part of code 7 does not apply: it was combined with other
missing data (code 9).
2000 NOTE:
Cases have been coded for 0 recalls in VCF0973-VCF0975 and in VCF0976
for the following: 1 case with district identification NA where R said
he/she recalled no names; 2 cases with district misidentified (see
VCF0900) where R said he/she recalled no names. The last of 3 cases
with misidentified district produced a single recall from R and has
been coded 9 in VCF0973-VCF0975 and 99 in VCF0976.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780118
1980: V800826
1982: V820102
1984: V840741
1986: V860107
1988: V880569
1990: V900111
1992: V925113
1994: V940214
1996: V961010
1998: V980227
2000: V000347



VCF0974 RECALL CORRECT NAME OF U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE
Question
Do you happen to remember the names of the candidates for Congress–
that is, for the House of Representatives in Washington– [1996-LATER:
Who ran in the November election from this district?] that ran in this
district in November? (IF YES:)
Who were they? (2ND MENTION)
[1996-LATER:] What was (NAME’S) party?
Valid
1. NAME:valid, PARTY: correct
2. NAME:valid, PARTY: incorrect
3. NAME:valid, PARTY: DK/NA
4. NAME:invalid, PARTY: any
5. NAME:invalid, PARTY: DK/NA
6. NAME:DK/NA, PARTY: any
7. NAME:DK, PARTY: DK/NA;
NAME:NA, PARTY: DK/NA;
R says s/he recalls no names in VCF0972;
No second mention
Missing
9. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.; short form
(1992); NA if R remembers any names (9 in 972); NA and DK party (1978
only); R’s district misidentified and R said he/she remembered a name
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0973.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780121
1980: V800829
1982: V820106
1984: V840745
1986: V860111
1988: V880573
1990: V900115
1992: V925117
1994: V940218
1996: V961014
1998: V980231
2000: V000351



VCF0975 RECALL CORRECT NAME OF U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE
Question
Do you happen to remember the names of the candidates for Congress–
that is, for the House of Representatives in Washington– [1996-LATER:
Who ran in the November election from this district?] that ran in this
district in November? (IF YES:)
Who were they? (3RD MENTION)
[1996-LATER:] What was (NAME’S) party?
Valid
1. NAME:valid, PARTY: correct
2. NAME:valid, PARTY: incorrect
3. NAME:valid, PARTY: DK/NA
4. NAME:invalid, PARTY: any
5. NAME:invalid, PARTY: DK/NA
6. NAME:DK/NA, PARTY: any;
7. NAME:DK, PARTY: DK/NA;
NAME:NA, PARTY: DK/NA;
R says s/he recalls no names in VCF0972;
No second or third interview
Missing
9. abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.; short form
(1992); NA if R remembers any names (9 in 972); NA name and DK party (1978
only); R’s district misidentified and R said he/she remembered a name
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0973.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780124
1980: V800832
1982: V820110
1984: V840749
1986: V860115
1988: V880577
1990: V900119
1992: V925121
1994: V940222
1996: V961018
1998: V980235
2000: V000355



VCF0976 NUMBER OF RECALLED NAMES OF U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATES
Question
Summary: number of correct recalls– U.S. House candidates
Valid
NONAME CORRECT
00. R’s recall of any name(s) incorrect/DK/NA; any party mention(s) OR party
mentions DK/NA; R says s/he recalls no names in VCF0972
ONE CORRECT NAME
10. R’s recall correct for one name; party mention incorrect/DK/NA
11. R’s recall correct for one name; party mention correct
TWO CORRECT NAMES
20. R’s recall correct for 2 names; both party mentions incorrect/ DK/NA
21. R’s recall correct for 2 names; one party mention correct
22. R’s recall correct for 2 names; both party mentions correct
THREE CORRECT NAMES
30. R’s recall correct for 3 names; all party mentions incorrect/DK/NA
31. R’s recall correct for 3 names; one party mention correct
32. R’s recall correct for 3 names; two party mentions correct
33. R’s recall correct for 3 names; all party mentions correct
Missing
99. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW ; Washington D.C.; short
form (1992); NA if R remembers any names (9 in VCF0972); R’s district
misidentified and R said he/she remembered a name
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Based on VCF0973 - VCF0975
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780115,V780118,V780121,V780124
1980: V800823,V800826,V800829,V800832
1982: V820098,V820102,V820106,V820110
1984: V840737,V840741,V840745,V840749
1986: V860103,V860107,V860111,V860115
1988: V880569,V880573,V880577
1990: V900111,V900115,V900119
1992: V925113,V925117,V925121
1994: V940214,V940218,V940222
1996: V961010,V961014,V961018
1998: V980227,V980231,V980235
2000: V000347,V000351,V000355



VCF0977 KNOW IF ONE U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE WAS ALREADY IN THE U.S. HOUSE
Question
1958,1964,1966:
Do you happen to know if (either/the) candidate is already in Congress?
1968:
Do you happen to know if (either one of these candidates/if he) is
already in Congress:
1978 AND LATER:
Do you happen to know if [candidate in district where only 1 candidate
ran] / either [first candidate in district where 2 candidates ran] or
[second candidate in district where 2 candidates ran] was already in the
U.S. House of Representatives before the election?
Valid
1. Yes, candidate was/ one candidate was/ (some years: [see VCF0978]: both)
3. No, candidate wasn’t/neither candidate was
5. DK
Missing
9. NA; no major party candidate running; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone
(1984); Washington D.C.; short form (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1968 NOTE:
In 1968, 27 respondents were administered incorrect candidate names;
these casea are coded 9.
1996 NOTE:
For districts with 2 major party candidates, the order in which the
Democratic and Republican House candidate names were read within the
question text was randomized.
1998 NOTE:
same as 1996
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580097
1964: V640312
1966: V660093
1968: V680383
1978: V780180
1980: V800912
1982: V820169
1984: V840929,V840932
1986: V860213,V860216
1988: V880708,V880711
1990: V900231,V900234
1992: V925435,V925438
1994: V940431,V940434
1996: V961068,V961070
1998: V980299,V980301
2000: V001353a,V001354



VCF0978 CORRECT WHETHER A U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE WAS ALREADY IN OFFICE
Question
1958,1964,1966:
Do you happen to know if (either/the) candidate is already in Congress?
(IF YES AND 2 MAJOR PARTY CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT:) Which {candidate} was
that?
1968:
Do you happen to know if (either one of these candidates/if he) is
already in Congress? (IF YES AND 2 MAJOR PARTY CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT:)
Which one?
1978 AND LATER:
Do you happen to know if [candidate in district where only 1 candidate
ran] / either [first candidate in district where 2 candidates ran] or
[second candidate in district where 2 candidates ran] was already in the
U.S. House of Representatives before the election?
(IF YES AND 2 MAJOR PARTY CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT:) Which {candidate} was
that?
Valid
1. CORRECT: correct incumbency status; correct candidate [districts w/incumbents
running with major party opposition]
2. INCORRECT: incorrect incumbency status; incorrect candidate [districts
w/incumbents running with major party opposition]
Missing
9. DK if incumbent; DK which is incumbent; NA if incumbent; NA which is
incumbent; no major party candidate running; no Post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); Washington D.C.; short form (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See VCF0977.
GENERAL NOTE:
If no incumbent was running in R’s district and R replied ‘yes’ (1 or
2 major party candidates), then 2 has been coded. If an incumbent was
running unopposed in R’s district and R answered ‘yes,’ then 1 has
been coded.
If an incumbent was running with major party opposition in R’s district
and R answered ‘yes,’ then R has been coded according to whether R
correctly identified WHICH candidate was the incumbent.
If R responded that ‘both’ candidates were incumbents but R did not
live in one of the districts where two ‘incumbents’ were actually
running (due to redistricting), then R’s response has been considered
‘incorrect’. If, however, there actually were two ‘incumbents’ in R’s
congressional district, then an answer of ‘both’ OR an answer of either
of the two incumbents’ names has been considered ‘correct’.
2000 DATA:
1 case where respondent’s district was NA and 3 cases where respondent
district was misidentified have been coded 9.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580097
1964: V640312
1966: V660094
1968: V680385
1978: V780180,V780181
1980: V800913
1982: V820172
1984: V840929,V840932
1986: V860213,V860216
1988: V880709,V880712
1990: V900232,V900235
1992: V925436,V925439
1994: V940432,V940435
1996: V961068,V961070
1998: V980299,V980301
2000: V000194,V001353b,V001354



VCF0980 DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND: RESPONDENT LIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
Valid
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four or more negative mentions (dislikes)
Missing
6. ‘I don’t know anything about this candidate’ (Volunteered)
7. DK if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate
but DK what
8. No Democratic candidate in R’s district (includes Washington D.C.)
9. NA if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate
but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992);
district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Four possible mentions were coded in all original study datasets except
1988 and later, which coded 5.
Rs who responded ‘no’ to ‘Is there anything in particular that you
liked about the US House Democratic candidate?’ have been coded here
as 0 mentions. ‘DK’ responses to this question and ‘I don’t know
anything about this candidate’ responses have been maintained as MD
codes, unlike VCF0401-402 and VCF0405-406, because of the very high
numbers of respondents falling into these categories [for consistency,
NA responses to this question have also been retained as MD]. In
addition, if R responded ‘yes’ to ‘Is there anything in particular
that you liked about the US House Democratic candidate’ but R provided
no mentions (DK or NA in first mention), then R has been coded in
the corresponding MD category in VCF0980.
In 1996 and later, randomization occurred for the order in which the
Democratic and Republican House candidate names were administered for
the set of ‘likes/dislikes’ questions.
1984 AND 1992 NOTE:
For 1984 and 1992: if R was in a district where no Democratic
candidate was running BUT the interview administered was an
abbreviated telephone interview (1984) or a short form interview
(1992), then VCF0980 has been coded 9, not 8.
1998 NOTE:
1 case (0062) that was coded ‘yes’ in the 1998 study data as response
whether there was anything R liked about the Democratic House candidate
should have been coded ‘I don’t know anything about this candidate’ but
has been correctly categorized in variables VCF0980 and VCF0981.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780160,V780161,V780162,V780163,V780164
1980: V800892,V800893,V800894,V800895,V800896
1982: V820148,V820149,V820150,V820151,V820152
1984: V840908,V840909,V840910,V840911,V840912
1986: V860184,V860185,V860186,V860187,V860188
1988: V880674,V880675,V880676,V880677,V880678,V880679
1990: V900198,V900199,V900200,V900201,V900202,V900203
1992: V925401,V925402,V925403,V925404,V925405,V925406
1994: V940401,V940402,V940403,V940404,V940405,V940406
1996: V961044,V961045,V961046,V961047,V961048,V961049
1998: V980275,V980276,V980277,V980278,V980279,V980280
2000: V001328,V001329,V001330,V001331,V001332,V001333



VCF0981 DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND: RESPONDENT DISLIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Is/Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about [U.S.
House Democratic candidate]? What is/was that? Anything else?
Valid
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four or more negative mentions (dislikes)
Missing
6. ‘I don’t know anything about this candidate’ (Volunteered)
7. DK if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about
candidate but DK what
8. No Democratic candidate in R’s district (includes Washington D.C.)
9. NA if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about
candidate but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
form (1992); District NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0980.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780165,V780166,V780167,V780168,V780169
1980: V800897,V800898,V800899,V800900,V800901
1982: V820153,V820154,V820155,V820156,V820157
1984: V840913,V840914,V840915,V840916,V840917
1986: V860189,V860190,V860191,V860192,V860193
1988: V880680,V880681,V880682,V880683,V880684,V880685
1990: V900204,V900205,V900206,V900207,V900208,V900209
1992: V925407,V925408,V925409,V925410,V925411,V925412
1994: V940407,V940408,V940409,V940410,V940411,V940412
1996: V961050,V961051,V961052,V961053,V961054,V961055
1998: V980281,V980282,V980283,V980284,V980285,V980286
2000: V001334,V001335,V001336,V001337,V001338,V001339



VCF0982 DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE AFFECT (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Affect toward Democratic House candidate
Missing
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0980,VCF0981)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Democratic House candidate ‘likes’ minus the
number of Democratic House candidate ‘dislikes’ (VCF0980-VCF0981).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0983 DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Salience of Democratic House candidate
Valid
0. Zero mentions
.
.
8. Eight or more mentions
Missing
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0980,VCF0981)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Democratic House candidate ‘likes’ plus the
number of Democratic House candidate ‘dislikes’ (VCF0980+VCF0981).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0984 REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND: RESPONDENT LIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Is/Was there anything in particular that you liked about [U.S. House
Republican candidate]? What is/was that? Anything else?
Valid
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four or more positive mentions (likes)
Missing
6. ‘I don’t know anything about this candidate’ (Volunteered)
7. DK if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate
but DK what
8. No Republican candidate in R’s district (includes Washington D.C.)
9. NA if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate
but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form 1992);
district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Four possible mentions were coded in all original study datasets except
1988 and later, which coded 5.
Rs who responded ‘no’ to ‘Is there anything in particular that you
liked about the US House Republican candidate?’ have been coded here
as 0 mentions. ‘DK’ responses to this question and ‘I don’t know
anything about this candidate’ responses have been maintained as MD
codes, unlike VCF0401-402 and VCF0405-406, because of the very high
numbers of respondents falling into these categories [for consistency,
NA responses to this question have also been retained as MD]. In
addition, if R responded ‘yes’ to ‘Is there anything in particular
that you liked about the US House Republican candidate’ but R provided
no mentions (DK or NA in first mention), then R has been coded in
the corresponding MD category in VCF0980.
In 1996 and later, randomization occurred for the order in which the
Democratic and Republican House candidate names were administered for
the set of ‘likes/dislikes’ questions.
1984 AND 1992 NOTE:
For 1984 and 1992: if R was in a district where no Republican
candidate was running BUT the interview administered was an
abbreviated telephone interview (1984) or a short form interview
(1992), then VCF0980 has been coded 9, not 8.
1998 NOTE:
1 case (0062) that was coded ‘yes’ in the 1998 study data as response
whether there was anything R liked about the Republican House candidate
should have been coded ‘I don’t know anything about this candidate’ but
has been correctly categorized in variables VCF0980 and VCF0981.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780170,V780171,V780172,V780173,V780174
1980: V800902,V800903,V800904,V800905,V800906
1982: V820158,V820159,V820160,V820161,V820162
1984: V840918,V840919,V840920,V840921,V840922
1986: V860194,V860195,V860196,V860197,V860198
1988: V880686,V880687,V880688,V880689,V880690,V880691
1990: V900210,V900211,V900212,V900213,V900214,V900215
1992: V925413,V925414,V925415,V925416,V925417,V925418
1994: V940413,V940414,V940415,V940416,V940417,V940418
1996: V961056,V961057,V961058,V961059,V961060,V961061
1998: V980287,V980288,V980289,V980290,V980291,V980292
2000: V001340,V001341,V001342,V001343,V001344,V001345



VCF0985 REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND: RESPONDENT DISLIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Is/Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about [U.S.
House Republican candidate]? What is/was that? Anything else?
Valid
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four or more negative mentions (dislikes)
Missing
6. ‘I don’t know anything about this candidate’ (Volunteered)
7. DK if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about
candidate but DK what
8. No Republican candidate in R’s district (includes Washington D.C.)
9. NA if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about
candidate but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF0984.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780175,V780176,V780177,V780178,V780179
1980: V800907,V800908,V800909,V800910,V800911
1982: V820163,V820164,V820165,V820166,V820167
1984: V840923,V840924,V840925,V840926,V840927
1986: V860199,V860200,V860201,V860202,V860203
1988: V880692,V880693,V880694,V880695,V880696,V880697
1990: V900216,V900217,V900218,V900219,V900220,V900221
1992: V925419,V925420,V925421,V925422,V925423,V925424
1994: V940419,V940420,V940421,V940422,V940423,V940424
1996: V961062,V961063,V961064,V961065,V961066,V961067
1998: V980293,V980294,V980295,V980296,V980297,V980298
2000: V001346,V001347,V001348,V001349,V001350,V001351



VCF0986 REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND: AFFECT (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Affect toward Republican House candidate
Missing
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0984,VCF0985)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Republican House candidate ‘likes’ minus the
number of Republican House candidate ‘dislikes’ (VCF0984 and VCF0985).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0987 REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND: SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Salience of Republican House candidate
Valid
0. Zero mentions
.
.
8. Eight or more mentions
Missing
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0984,VCF0985)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of Republican House candidate ‘likes’ plus the
number of Republican House candidate ‘dislikes’ (VCF0984+VCF0985).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0988 REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE AFFECT (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Net affect toward major party House candidates
Missing
999. MD (codes 6-9 in any of: VCF0980,VCF0981,VCF0984,VCF0985)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The net affect toward major party House candidates is the difference
between two sums: the sum of Democratic House candidate ‘likes’ and
Republican House candidate ‘dislikes’ MINUS the sum of Democratic
House candidate ‘dislikes’ and Republican House candidate ‘likes:’
[VCF0980+VCF0985] - [VCF0981+VCF0984], which is the same as:
VCF0982-VCF0986.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0989 U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Major party House candidate salience
Valid
0. Zero mentions
.
.
16. Sixteen or more mentions
Missing
99. MD (codes 6-9 in any of: VCF0980,VCF0981,VCF0984,VCF0985)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Major party House candidate salience is the sum of all ‘likes’ and
‘dislikes’ about both the Democratic and Republican House candidates:
[VCF0980+VCF0981] + [VCF0984+VCF0985], which is the same as:
VCF0983+VCF0987.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0990 U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE RELATIVE SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Relative salience of major party House candidates
Missing
999. MD (codes 6-9 in any of: VCF0980,VCF0981,VCF0984,VCF0985)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Relative salience of major party House candidates is the sum of
‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’ about the Democratic House candidate MINUS the
sum of ‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’ about the Republican House candidate:
[VCF0980+VCF0981] - [VCF0984+VCF0985], which is the same as:
VCF0983-VCF0987.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0991 APPROVE/DISAPPROVE OF RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
In general, do you approve or disapprove of the way [1980-2004:
running U.S.House incumbent Representative; 2012: U.S. House
incumbent Representative] has been handling his/her job?
Valid
1. Approve
5. Disapprove
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992)
0. No running incumbent (includes Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1984 NOTE:
If R is in a district where no incumbent was running or where the
incumbent was unopposed (or opposed by a non-major party challenger)
BUT the interview administered was a telephone IW, then VCF0991 has
been coded 9, not 0.
2012-later NOTE:
Approval of House incumbent was asked about the U.S. House Representative
who was in office and representing the location of respondent household
prior to the elections, regardless whether that Representative ran in the
House elections held during the year of study or whether redistricting had
taken place.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800972
1982: V820212,V820249,V820266
1984: V840967
1986: V860353
1988: V880789
1990: V900058,V900404
1992: V925710
1994: V940637
1996: V961123
1998: V980326
2000: V001358
2004: V045091,V045092
2012: hseinc_approval
2016: V162114
2020: V202200
2024: V242160



VCF0992 APPROVE/DISAPPROVE OF U.S. CONGRESS
Question
Do you approve or disapprove of the way the U.S. Congress has been
handling its job?
Valid
1. Approve
5. Disapprove
8. DK; pro-con; both
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800783
1982: V820063
1984: V840843
1986: V860100
1988: V880880
1990: V900164
1992: V925949
1994: V940320
1996: V960270
1998: V980236
2000: V000356
2002: V023008
2004: V043036
2012: congapp_job
2016: V161080
2020: V201124
2024: V241127



VCF0993 INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND: RESPONDENT LIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Is there anything in particular that you liked about [U.S. House
incumbent candidate] What is that? Anything else?
Valid
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four or more positive mentions (likes)
Missing
6. ‘I don’t know anything about this candidate’ (Volunteered)
7. DK if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate
but DK what
8. No running incumbent candidate in R’s district (includes Washington
D.C.)
9. NA if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate
but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992);
district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0980,VCF0984.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0994 INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND: RESPONDENT DISLIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Is there anything in particular that you didn’t like about [U.S. House
incumbent candidate] What is that? Anything else?
Valid
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four or more negative mentions (dislikes)
Missing
6. ‘I don’t know anything about this candidate’ (Volunteered)
7. DK if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about
candidate but DK what
8. No running incumbent candidate in R’s district (includes Washington
D.C.)
9. NA if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about
candidate but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0981,VCF0985.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0995 INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND: AFFECT (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Affect toward incumbent House candidates
Missing
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0993,VCF0994)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of incumbent House candidate ‘likes’ minus the
number of incumbent House candidate ‘dislikes’ (VCF0993-VCF0994).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0996 INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND: SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Salience of incumbent House candidates
Valid
0. Zero mentions
.
.
8. Eight or more mentions
Missing
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0993,VCF0994)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of incumbent House candidate ‘likes’ plus the
number of incumbent House candidate ‘dislikes’ (VCF0993+VCF0994).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0997 CHALLENGER TO INCUM U.S. HOUSE CAND: RESPONDENT LIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Is there anything in particular that you liked about [challenger to
U.S. House incumbent candidate] What is that? Anything else?
Valid
0. Zero positive mentions (likes)
1. One positive mention (likes)
2. Two positive mentions (likes)
3. Three positive mentions (likes)
4. Four or more positive mentions (likes)
Missing
6. ‘I don’t know anything about this candidate’ (Volunteered)
7. DK if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate
but DK what
8. No running incumbent candidate in R’s district (includes Washington D.C.)
or incumbent not challenged
9. NA if liked anything about candidate; liked something about candidate
but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992);
District NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0980,VCF0984.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0998 CHALLENGER TO INCUM U.S. HOUSE CAND: RESPONDENT DISLIKES - NUMBER OF MENTIONS
Question
Is there anything in particular that you didn’t like about [challenger
to U.S. House incumbent candidate] What is that? Anything else?
Valid
0. Zero negative mentions (dislikes)
1. One negative mention (dislikes)
2. Two negative mentions (dislikes)
3. Three negative mentions (dislikes)
4. Four or more negative mentions (dislikes)
Missing
6. ‘I don’t know anything about this candidate’ (VOLUNTEERED)
7. DK if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about
candidate but DK what
8. No running incumbent candidate in R’s district (includes Washington D.C.)
or incumbent not challenged
9. NA if disliked anything about candidate; disliked something about
candidate but NA what; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short
form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0981,VCF0985.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF0999 CHALLENGER TO INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND: AFFECT (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Affect toward challenger to incumbent House candidates
Missing
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0997,VCF0998)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of House challenger candidate ‘likes’ minus the
number of House challenger candidate ‘dislikes’ (VCF0997-VCF0998).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF1000 CHALLENGER TO INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND: SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Salience of challenger to incumbent House candidates
Valid
0. Zero mentions
.
.
8. Eight or more mentions
Missing
99. MD (codes 6-9 in VCF0997,VCF0998)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the number of House challenger candidate ‘likes’ plus the
number of House challenger candidate ‘dislikes’ (VCF0997+VCF0998).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF1001 U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE AFFECT (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Net affect toward incumbent and challenger House candidates
Missing
999. MD (codes 6-9 in any of: VCF0993,VCF0994,VCF0997,VCF0998)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The net affect toward incumbent and challenger House candidates is the
difference between two sums: the sum of incumbent House candidate
‘likes’ and challenger House candidate ‘dislikes’ MINUS the sum of
incumbent House candidate ‘dislikes’ and challenger House candidate
‘likes:’ [VCF0993+VCF0998] - [VCF0994+VCF0997], which is the same as:
VCF0995-VCF0999.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF1002 U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Incumbent and challenger House candidate salience
Valid
0. Zero mentions
.
.
16. Sixteen or more mentions
Missing
99. MD (codes 6-9 in any of: VCF0993,VCF0994,VCF0997,VCF0998)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Incumbent and challenger House candidate salience is the sum of all
‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’ about both the incumbent and challenger House
candidates: [VCF0993+VCF0994] + [VCF0997+VCF0998], which is the
same as: VCF0996+VCF1000.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF1003 U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE RELATIVE SALIENCE (LIKES-DISLIKES)
Question
Relative salience of Incumbent and challenger House candidates
Missing
999. MD(codes 6-9 in any of: VCF0993,VCF0994,VCF0997,VCF0998)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Relative salience of incumbent and challenger House candidates is the
sum of ‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’ about the incumbent House candidate
MINUS the sum of ‘likes’ and ‘dislikes’ about the challenger House
candidate: [VCF0993+VCF0994] - [VCF0997+VCF0998], which is the same
as: VCF0996-VCF1000.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF1004 PARTY OF RESPONDENT/PARTY OF U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT FROM DISTRICT OF IW
Question
PartyID of respondent and House incumbent
Valid
1. R is:Democrat; INCUMBENT:Democrat
2. R is:Republican; INCUMBENT:Republican
3. R is:Democrat; INCUMBENT:Republican
4. R is:Republican; INCUMBENT:Democrat
Missing
9. R does not have major party partisanship or NA if has major party
partisanship; no incumbent running; Washington D.C.; California (1974
only: due to redistricting type of race could not be determined);
incumbent is not member of major party (1994,2000);
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable has been created from R’s party ID (VCF0301) and
from type of congressional race (VCF0902). The respondent has
been considered a partisan if R was coded as ‘strong’ ‘weak’ or leaning.
WARNING:
In years prior to 1978, no ‘type of race’ var was present in study
datasets. Data were added, however, to ‘type of race’ cumulative file
var 902 for 1970, 1974 and 1976 using a lengthy case-by-case
procedure. Although the resultant ‘type of race’ data have been
checked to some extent, the possibility of some error must be
recognized: the ‘type of race’ established for 1970, 1974 and 1976–
and, as a further result, data in VCF1004 and VCF1005 for 1970, 1974
and 1976 (which have been built using type-of-race data)– should be
used with caution and at the user’s risk.
2016 NOTE:
Built from VCF0902 and CF0301.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700184(type 0)
1974: V742204
1976: V763174
1978: V780004,V780433
1980: V800266,V800740
1982: V820006,V820291
1984: V840059,V840318
1986: V860043,V860300
1988: V880050,V880274
1990: V900058,V900320
1992: V923021,V923634
1994: V940017,V940655
1996: V960420,V960097
1998: V980339,V980065
2000: V000194,V000523
2002: V023036,V024500a
2004: V043116,V044502
2012: pid_self,pid_x,typerace2012_x



VCF1005 PARTY OF VOTER RESPONDENT/ PARTY OF U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
Voter from same major party as House incumbent?
Valid
1. R Voted: R is partisan of same party as incumbent
2. R Voted: R is partisan of same major party as challenger OR
(unopposed races) R is partisan of major party different from
incumbent’s party
3. R is major party partisan but R did not vote, DK/NA if voted, or
R voted but not (or DK/NA if) in House race
Missing
9. R does not have major party partisanship or NA if has major party
partisanship; no incumbent running; Washington D.C.; no Post IW;
California (1974 only, due to redistricting type of race could not be
determined); incumbent is not member of major party; district NA (2000);
district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See VCF1004
GENERAL NOTE:
If R has no major party partisanship AND did not vote, then s/he
appears in code 9, not code 3.
2016 NOTE:
Built using VCF1004 in addition to 2016 vars.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700184,V700213
1974: V742204,V742320
1976: V763174,V763671
1978: V780004,V780433,V780473
1980: V800266,V800740,V800997
1982: V820006,V820291,V820505
1984: V840059,V840318,V840791
1986: V860043,V860265,V860300
1988: V880050,V880274,V880766
1990: V900058,V900279,V900320
1992: V923021,V923634,V925601
1994: V940017,V940655,V940601
1996: V960420,V960097,V961074,V961087
1998: V980339,V980065,V980303,V980311
2000: V000194,V000523
2002: V023038x,V025020,V025028a
2004: V043116,V044502,V045018x,V045031x
2012: hsevote2012_x,pid_self,pid_x,typerace2012_x
2016: V162039,V161036



VCF1006 CANDIDATE CODE OF CORRECTLY RECALLED U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE FROM IW DISTRICT
Question
Do you happen to remember the names of the candidates for Congress–
that is, for the House of Representatives in Washington–who ran in
this district this November [1996-LATER: the November election from
this district]?
(IF YES:) Who were they?
1996-LATER: What was [House candidate’s] party?
FIRST HOUSE CANDIDATE RECALL– CANDIDATE CODE
Valid
31. Democratic candidate in race without running incumbent
32. Republican candidate in race without running incumbent
33. Democratic incumbent
34. Republican incumbent
35. Democratic challenger to Republican incumbent
36. Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent
39. Incumbent Independent/liberal/conservative/minor party candidate
80. Nonincumbent Independent/liberal/conservative/minor party candidate [not used
after 1988: combined into code 97]
Missing
97. Name given not on candidate list for House
99. R says s/he remembers names but when asked for name replies DK or NA;
R says s/he does not remember any (or DK/NA if remembers any) names;
Washington D.C.; California (1974 only, due to redistricting type of
race could not be determined); no Post IW; short form (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In the original ANES datasets 1978 and later, the recall variables
which appeared had codes comparable to the codes appearing VCF1006-
VCF1008. Prior to 1978, however, recall vars in ANES datasets were
coded quite differently, and translating pre-1978 recall data into
VCF1006-1008 data involves lengthy case-by-case consultation to
reference sources for type of race in R’s congressional district.
Among pre-1978 studies, recall data have been incorporated for 1970 and
1974 only. NO attempt has been made to include recall data from ANES
studies prior to 1970.
1970 AND 1974 NOTE:
every House candidate was assigned a unique candidate number. Correct
names of candidates given by R in response to the recall question were
coded within 1970 Study data by that individual candidate number.
Indications are that, if the name mentioned by the respondent was not
on a complete list of candidates and candidate numbers which existed
for R’s STATE, then the response was simply coded as ‘incorrect.’
However, it is not apparent that any attempt was made to ascertain
whether a name ‘correctly’ given was actually a correct name from the
congressional race in R’s own district: if R correctly named a
candidate from another– or wrong– district within the state, the
response was still included among ‘correct’ responses. For VCF1006-
VCF1008, individual candidate numbers within the original 1970 recall
var have been examined on a case-by-case basis to determine if the
candidate number given by R corresponded to a name from the race in R’s
own congressional district. If so, the response has been included as a
recall. If not, the response has been coded as no recall (99 MD).
This same procedure was followed for including 1974 data, although the
1974 study’s method for handling individual candidate codes of names
outside R’s district of residence was not specifically described in any
1974 study documentation. Additional NOTE for 1970 and 1974: to
create the specific candidate-type codes which appear in CDF VCF1006-
VCF1008, each correctly recalled name (once determined appropriate to
R’s congressional district) was checked individually according to type
of race to determine the named candidate’s exact status (e.g.,
Republican incumbent, etc.).
WARNING NOTE:
The procedures used in the creation of VCF1006-1008 for 1970 and 1974
produced data that have been checked somewhat, but perfect accuracy
cannot be completely guaranteed due to the nature of attempting case-by-
case correction. Data in VCF1006-1008 for 1970 and 1974 should be used
with caution and at the user’s risk.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700203(type 0)
1974: V742215
1978: V780116
1980: V800824
1982: V820100
1984: V840738
1986: V860104
1988: V880566
1990: V900108
1992: V925110
1994: V940211
1996: V961007
1998: V980224
2000: V001207



VCF1007 CANDIDATE CODE OF CORRECTLY RECALLED U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE FROM IW DISTRICT
Question
Second candidate recall
Valid
31. Democratic candidate in race without running incumbent
32. Republican candidate in race without running incumbent
33. Democratic incumbent
34. Republican incumbent
35. Democratic challenger to Republican incumbent
36. Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent
39. Incumbent Independent/liberal/conservative/minor party candidate
80. Nonincumbent Independent/liberal/conservative/minor party candidate
[not used after 1988: combined into code 97]
Missing
97. Name given not on candidate list for House
99. R says s/he remembers names but when asked for name replies DK or NA;
R says s/he does not remember any (or DK/NA if remembers any) names;
Washington D.C.; California (1974 only, due to redistricting type of
race could not be determined); no further mention; no Post IW; short
form (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF1006.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700203(type 0)
1974: V742216
1978: V780119
1980: V800827
1982: V820104
1984: V840742
1986: V860108
1988: V880570
1990: V900112
1992: V925114
1994: V940215
1996: V961011
1998: V980228
2000: V001211



VCF1008 CANDIDATE CODE OF CORRECTLY RECALLED U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE FROM IW DISTRICT
Question
Third candidate recall
Valid
31. Democratic candidate in race without running incumbent
32. Republican candidate in race without running incumbent
33. Democratic incumbent
34. Republican incumbent
35. Democratic challenger to Republican incumbent
36. Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent
39. Incumbent Independent/liberal/conservative/minor party candidate
80. Nonincumbent Independent/liberal/conservative/minor party candidate
[not used after 1988: combined into code 97]
Missing
97. Name given not on candidate list for House
99. R says s/he remembers names but when asked for name replies DK or NA;
R says s/he does not remember any (or DK/NA if remembers any) names;
Washington D.C.; California (1974 only, due to redistricting type of
race could not be determined); no further mention; no Post IW; short
form (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF1006.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700203(type 0)
1974: V742217
1978: V780122
1980: V800830
1982: V820108
1984: V840746
1986: V860112
1988: V880574
1990: V900116
1992: V925118
1994: V940219
1996: V961015
1998: V980232
2000: V001215



VCF1009 PARTY OF RECALLED U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE NAME(S) FROM DISTRICT OF IW
Question
Recall summary: major party candidate recalls
Valid
1. 1 Recall: Democratic candidate
2. 1 Recall: Republican candidate
3. 2 Recalls: both major party candidates (in races contested by both major
parties)
4. 0 Recalls: no major party candidate recall
Missing
9. Washington D.C.; no Post IW; short form (1992); NA if R recalls any
candidate names
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF1006-VCF1008.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2000: V001207,V001211,V001215



VCF1010 IS RECALLED U.S. HOUSE CAND NAME FROM OWN PARTY
Question
Recall summary: does R recall own/other major party candidate?
Valid
1. 1 Recall: Own major party’s candidate
2. 1 Recall: Other major party’s candidate
3. 2 Recalls: both major party candidates (in races contested by both major
parties)
4. 0 Recall: no major party candidate recall
Missing
9. Washington D.C.; no Post IW; short form (1992); NA if R recalls any
candidate names; R has no major party partisanship or NA if has major
party partisanship
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0301 and VCF1009.
This variable has been created from R’s party ID (VCF0301) and from
House recall summary VCF1009. The respondent has been considered a
partisan if R was ‘strong’, ‘weak’ or ‘leaning’.
If R has no major party candidate recall AND has no major party
partisanship, then R is coded 9, not 4.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF1011 RESPONDENT VOTE FOR U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE FROM OWN PARTY IN DISTRICT OF IW
Question
1968,1970:
How about the vote for Congressman. Did you vote for a candidate for
Congress? (IF YES:) Who did you vote for? Which party was that?
1972:
How about the election for Congressman–that is, for the House of
Representatives in Washington? Which party’s candidate did you vote for
Congressman?
1974,1976:
How about the election for Congressman–that is, for the House of
Representatives in Washington? Did you vote for a candidate for
Congress? Whom did you vote for? Which party was that?
1978 AND LATER:
Here is a list of candidates for the major races in this district. How
about the election for the House of Representatives in Washington. Did
you vote for a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives? Who did
you vote for? (BALLOT CARD SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. R’s Vote: for major party candidate from party same as R’s partisanship
2. R’s Vote: for major party candidate from party different than R’s partisanship
Missing
9. R did not vote or DK/NA if voted; R voted but not (or DK/NA if) in
House race; DK/NA who voted for; R has no major party partisanship; R
voted for candidate whose name was not on candidate list (1978-1988)
or for third party candidate(all years); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The respondent has been considered a partisan if R was ‘strong’, ‘weak’
or ‘leaning’.
In 1978 and later, R selected name from ballot card. When R gave a
name not on the candidate list, MD was coded, and party of vote was
undetermined.
In 1970-1976, every House candidate was assigned a unique candidate
number. Rs who reported their House vote were coded into two
variables, the first of which recorded the candidate number of the
named candidate, if the name was correctly given. If the name
mentioned by the respondent was not on the complete list of candidates
and candidate numbers, then the response was simply coded as
‘incorrect.’ The respondent was then asked for the party of the
candidate which s/he named. VCF1011-1013 WERE BUILT FOR 1970-1976
USING THE SECOND, OR ‘PARTY OF VOTE,’ VARIABLE (even in cases where the
party given by R was not appropriate for a correctly rendered candidate
name). [ NOTE: if name given in 1970-1976 was ‘incorrect’ or DK/NA,
‘party of vote’ variable was still used unless missing data: if ‘party
of vote’ was missing data and name was ‘incorrect’ or DK/NA, vote in
VCF1011-1013 has been coded 9.] Note that VCF0707, VCF0736 vote vars
were also created from this ‘party of vote’ variable for 1970-1976, but
the vote data present in VCF1011-1013 differ slightly from that in
VCF0707 and VCF0736 in 1970-1976 for the following cases: if R
correctly gave the name of a candidate who was on the complete list of
candidates and candidate numbers BUT did not provide any party
designation (DK or NA) in the followup ‘party of vote’ var, then the
party of the candidate correctly named in the first recall (name) var
was ascertained and incorporated into VCF1011-1013. This procedure was
not undertaken for 1970-1976 in vars VCF0707 and VCF0736, which retain
these cases as missing data.
Note that, because no ballot card was used, for 1968-1976 the party
for which R claimed to have voted in the House election is represented
in VCF1011-1013 even for so-called ‘impossible’ cases: e.g., when R
declares R voted for a Democrat when R lives in a Congressional
district in which only a Republican incumbent ran in the House
election: in such a case, VCF1011-1013 are coded as if R did indeed
vote for a Democrat.
1968 NOTE:
R’s response to the House vote question was coded into a single summary
variable which provided categories to establish whether R provided a
correct or incorrect Democratic House candidate name, a correct or
incorrect Republican House candidate name, a party mention only, or a
minor party/write-in/unidentifiable candidate name. This 1968 variable
was accompanied by the following NOTE: ‘When R’s mention of candidate
name and party were inconsistent, the response was coded as if party
were the dominant element. Example: R mentioned ’Burke, a Democrat’
but Burke was a Republican. Response was coded ‘incorrect Republican
candidate.’’ For VCF1011-1013, party of R’s 1968 House vote was taken
from this variable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680120,V680323
1970: V700184,V700215
1972: V720140,V720485
1974: V742204,V742322
1976: V763174,V763673
1978: V780433,V780474
1980: V800266,V800998
1982: V820291,V820506
1984: V840318,V840792
1986: V860267,V860300
1988: V880274,V880768
1990: V900289,V900320
1992: V923634,V925623
1994: V940655,V940614
1996: V961089
1998: V980313
2000: V000523,V001263
2002: V023038x,V025020,V025028a
2004: V043116,V045018x,V045031x,V045033x
2012: hsevote2012_x,pid_self,pid_x
2016: V161158x



VCF1012 RESPONDENT VOTE FOR INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE IN DISTRICT OF IW
Question
Did R vote for incumbent?
Valid
1. R’s Vote: for incumbent candidate in race involving running incumbent
2. R’s Vote: for candidate other than incumbent in race involving running
incumbent (1970-1988: incl. 3rd party/ind. candidates)
Missing
9. R did not vote or DK/NA if voted; R voted but not (or DK/NA if) in
House race; DK/NA who voted for; no incumbent running in congressional
district; R voted for name not on candidate list (1978-1990); R voted
for third party/ independent candidate who is not an incumbent (1990 and
later); R voted out of district, NA if incumbent (91,92 in VCF0735);
Washington D.C.; no Post IW; California (1974 only, due to redistricting
type of race could not be determined)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See VCF1011.
GENERAL NOTE:
Beginning in 1990 Study data, third party and independent candidates
were combined with unknown names coded in ‘name not on candidate list’
(code 97) whenever the non-major party candidate was not on the
Candidate List; only independent or 3rd party candidates who were on
the Candidate List were given a separate code (code 30).
In 1970-1988, independent or 3rd party candidates could be coded
distinct from ‘name not on candidate list’ even if their name was
NOT on the Candidate List. For 1970-1988, if R voted for a third
party or independent candidate who was not the incumbent, then
VCF1012 has been coded 2 even if the candidate’s name was not on the
Candidate List.
WARNING NOTE:
In years prior to 1978, no ‘type of race’ var was present in Study
data. Data were added, however, to ‘type of race’ VCF0902 for 1970,
1974 and 1976 using a lengthy case-by-case procedure. Although the
resultant ‘type of race’ data have been checked to some extent, the
possibility of some error must be recognized: the ‘type of race’
established for 1970, 1974 and 1976– and, as a further result, data in
VCF1012 for 1970, 1974 and 1976– should be used with caution and at
the user’s risk.
1974 NOTE:
California data for VCF1012 is not recoverable because ‘type of race’
in California districts for the 1974 election can not be determined.
1992 NOTE:
1 case [2063] which was erroneously coded to candidate code 34 for
House vote but which should have been code 32 is coded 9 here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700215(type 0)
1974: V742322
1976: V763673
1978: V780474
1980: V800998
1982: V820507
1984: V840792
1986: V860266
1988: V880767
1990: V900058,V900288
1992: V925622
1994: V940613
1996: V961088
1998: V980312
2000: V001262
2002: V025028a
2004: V045018x,V045031x,V045033x
2012: hsevote2012_x,typerace2012_hse,prevote_hsvtnobc, postvote_hsvtnobc
2016: V162067x,V161015a,V161016,V162026b,V162027



VCF1013 RESPONDENT VOTE FOR WINNING U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE IN DISTRICT OF IW
Question
Did R vote for winner?
Valid
1. R’s Vote: for winner
2. R’s Vote: for candidate other than the winner (incl. names not on candidate
list)
Missing
9. R did not vote or DK/NA if voted; R voted but not (or DK/NA if) in
House race; DK/NA who voted for; Washington D.C.; no Post IW; R voted
outside his/her district of interview (1978-later only, not determinable
prior to 1978)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built using VCF1014 (except 1974).
See NOTEs VCF1011 describing process which establishes who R voted
for. NOTE the following exception for 1974 California cases: Rs who
gave the party of their vote BUT who gave an ‘incorrect’ [or DK/NA]
name could not be traced to their congressional district number which
was in effect after the 1974 redistricting in CA, so that party of
winning candidate was unknown: all such cases have been coded 2 here
[25 cases].
1974 NOTE:
The winners in the 1974 California House congressional races which were
mistakenly overlooked in the 1974 Study release have been restored
here. ( NOTE, however, that 1974 California data for VCF1014 ‘Who Won’
is not recoverable.)
WARNING NOTE:
The procedures used in the creation of the VCF1014 ‘winner’
var produced data that have been checked somewhat, but perfect
accuracy cannot be completely guaranteed due to the nature of
attempting coding from reference material. The possibility of some
error must be recognized and the ‘winner’ established in VCF1014
–and, as a further result, data in VCF1013 (which has been built
using ‘winner’ data) – should be used with caution and at the user’s
risk.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700215(type 0)
1974: V742321,V742322
1976: V763673
1978: V780474
1980: V800998
1982: V820507
1984: V840793
1986: V860267
1988: V880768
1990: V900288
1992: V925622
1994: V940613
1996: V961088
1998: V980312
2000: V001262
2002: V024524,V025028a
2004: V044502,V044514b,V045018x,V045031x,V045033x
2012: hsevote2012_x
2016: V161010e,V161010f,V162067x,V161037,V162040,V161015a,V161016,V162026b,V162027



VCF1014 WINNING U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATE IN DISTRICT OF IW
Question
Who won House race?
Valid
1. WINNER: incumbent, Democrat
2. WINNER: incumbent, Republican
3. WINNER: challenger, Republican (loser: Democratic incumbent)
4. WINNER: challenger, Democrat (loser: Republican incumbent)
5. WINNER: open-seat candidate, Democrat (race contested)
6. WINNER: open-seat candidate, Republican (race contested)
7. WINNER: uncontested open-seat candidate, Democrat
8. WINNER: uncontested open-seat candidate, Republican
Missing
9. Washington D.C.; California (1974 only, due to redistricting, type of
race could not be determined); winner not from major party (2000);
respondent district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1970 NOTE:
Warning: The procedures used in the creation of the VCF1014 ‘winner’
for 1970 and 1974 produced data that have been checked somewhat, but
perfect accuracy cannot be completely guaranteed due to the nature of
attempting case- by-case coding from reference material. The
possibility of some error must be recognized and the ‘winner’
established in VCF1014 should be used with caution and at the user’s
risk.
1974 NOTE:
See 1970 warning.
California data in 1974 for VCF1014 ‘Who Won’ is not recoverable
because ‘type of race’ in California districts for the 1974 election
cannot be determined.
2016 NOTE:
For LA04, late identification of final candidates resulted in having
type of race not determined. LA04 cases are coded 9.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF1015 NUMBER OF DAYS PRE-ELECTION IW CONDUCTED BEFORE ELECTION
Question
Number of days from Pre-election IW until day of election
Valid
Exact number of days is coded, except:
Missing
99. NA; no Pre IW; abbrev. Pre IW (1980, see VCF0015)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See also VCF1016.
GENERAL NOTE:
studies are not designed to produce representative samples with respect
time period.
1992 NOTE:
Two cases of interviews mistakenly coded 11/2/1992 in Study data should
have been coded 11/3/1992 [election day but prior to voting]; the
correct date has been used in the calculation here.
2004 NOTE:
When the beginning and ending date of pre interview are different, the
ending date of pre interview (042010b) was used.
2012 NOTE:
One ftf case interviewed on election day Nov 6, 2012; several web cases
began interview prior to election day, finished on election day.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520010
1956: V560009
1960: V600012
1964: V640014
1968: V680022
1972: V720022
1976: V763023
1980: V800025
1984: V840032
1988: V880043,V880044
1992: V923026,V923027
1996: V960013
2000: V000009
2002: V022012
2004: V042010a,V042010
2012: admin_pre_ftf_iwdatefin admin_pre_web2_iwdatefin
2016: V164004
2020: V203055



VCF1016 NUMBER OF DAYS POST-ELECTION IW CONDUCTED AFTER ELECTION
Question
Number of days from day of election until day of Post-election IW
Valid
Exact number of days is coded, except:
Missing
99. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Studies are not designed to produce representative samples with respect
time period.
Election days are as follows:
2008 Nov 4 2012 Nov 6
2004 Nov 2 2002 Nov 5 2000 Nov 7
1998 Nov 3 1996 Nov 5 1994 Nov 7
1992 Nov 3 1990 Nov 6 1988 Nov 8
1986 Nov 4 1984 Nov 6 1982 Nov 2
1980 Nov 4 1978 Nov 7 1976 Nov 2
1974 Nov 5 1972 Nov 7 1970 Nov 3
1968 Nov 5 1966 Nov 8 1964 Nov 3
1962 Nov 6 1960 Nov 8 1958 Nov 4
1956 Nov 6

2004 NOTE:
When the beginning and ending date of post interview are different, the
ending date of post interview (044010b) was used.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560193
1958: V580011
1960: V600271
1964: V640275
1966: V660017
1968: V680272
1970: V700036(type 0)
1972: V720440
1974: VV74202
1976: V763525
1978: V780030
1980: V800033
1982: V820039
1984: V840050
1986: V860009
1988: V880063,V880064
1990: V900052,V900053
1992: V925005,V925006
1994: V940036
1996: V960904
1998: V980005
2000: V000131
2002: V024012
2004: V044010a,V044010
2012: admin_post_ftf_iwdatebeg admin_post_web1_iwdatebeg
2016: V165004
2020: V203080



VCF1017 THERMOMETER AVERAGE - U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATES
Question
Thermometers – both major party Congressional candidates
Valid
0-100 Degrees.
Missing
998. DK in VCF0906 or VCF0907
999. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0906 and VCF0907 as: (VCF0906+VCF0907)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2020: V202145, V202146



VCF1018 THERMOMETER INDEX - U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATS
Question
Major party Congressional candidate thermometer index
Valid
0. Most Republican
.
50. Neutral
.
100. Most Democratic
Missing
998. DK in VCF0906 or VCF0907
999. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF0906 and VCF0907 as: (VCF0906-VCF0907 +100)/2.
Fractional results are rounded to the next highest integer.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF1020 LIKES ANYTHING ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district
NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0980.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780160
1980: V800892
1982: V820148
1984: V840908
1986: V860184
1988: V880674
1990: V900198
1992: V925401
1994: V940401
1996: V961044
1998: V980275
2000: V001328



VCF1021a 1972-2004 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780161
1980: V800893
1982: V820149
1984: V840909
1986: V860185
1988: V880675
1990: V900199
1992: V925402
1994: V940402
1996: V961045
1998: V980276
2000: V001329



VCF1021b 1972-2004 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1021a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780161
1980: V800893
1982: V820149
1984: V840909
1986: V860185
1988: V880675
1990: V900199
1992: V925402
1994: V940402
1996: V961045
1998: V980276
2000: V001329



VCF1022a 1972-2004 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
1996 NOTE:
Documentation for code 205 (1 case) has not been found.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780162
1980: V800894
1982: V820150
1984: V840910
1986: V860186
1988: V880676
1990: V900200
1992: V925403
1994: V940403
1996: V961046
1998: V980277
2000: V001330



VCF1022b 1972-2004 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1022a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780162
1980: V800894
1982: V820150
1984: V840910
1986: V860186
1988: V880676
1990: V900200
1992: V925403
1994: V940403
1996: V961046
1998: V980277
2000: V001330



VCF1023a 1972-2004 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780163
1980: V800895
1982: V820151
1984: V840911
1986: V860187
1988: V880677
1990: V900201
1992: V925404
1994: V940404
1996: V961047
1998: V980278
2000: V001331



VCF1023b 1972-2004 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1023a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780163
1980: V800895
1982: V820151
1984: V840911
1986: V860187
1988: V880677
1990: V900201
1992: V925404
1994: V940404
1996: V961047
1998: V980278
2000: V001331



VCF1024a 1972-2004 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780164
1980: V800896
1982: V820152
1984: V840912
1986: V860188
1988: V880678
1990: V900202
1992: V925405
1994: V940405
1996: V961048
1998: V980279
2000: V001332



VCF1024b 1972-2004 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1024a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780164
1980: V800896
1982: V820152
1984: V840912
1986: V860188
1988: V880678
1990: V900202
1992: V925405
1994: V940405
1996: V961048
1998: V980279
2000: V001332



VCF1025a 1972-2004 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880679
1990: V900203
1992: V925406
1994: V940406
1996: V961049
1998: V980280
2000: V001333



VCF1025b 1972-2004 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1020; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1025a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880679
1990: V900203
1992: V925406
1994: V940406
1996: V961049
1998: V980280
2000: V001333



VCF1026 DISLIKES ANYTHING ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district
NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0981.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780165
1980: V800897
1982: V820153
1984: V840913
1986: V860189
1988: V880680
1990: V900204
1992: V925407
1994: V940407
1996: V961050
1998: V980281
2000: V001334



VCF1027a 1972-2004 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780166
1980: V800898
1982: V820154
1984: V840914
1986: V860190
1988: V880681
1990: V900205
1992: V925408
1994: V940408
1996: V961051
1998: V980282
2000: V001335



VCF1027b 1972-2004 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1027a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780166
1980: V800898
1982: V820154
1984: V840914
1986: V860190
1988: V880681
1990: V900205
1992: V925408
1994: V940408
1996: V961051
1998: V980282
2000: V001335



VCF1028a 1972-2004 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780167
1980: V800899
1982: V820155
1984: V840915
1986: V860191
1988: V880682
1990: V900206
1992: V925409
1994: V940409
1996: V961052
1998: V980283
2000: V001336



VCF1028b 1972-2004 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1028a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780167
1980: V800899
1982: V820155
1984: V840915
1986: V860191
1988: V880682
1990: V900206
1992: V925409
1994: V940409
1996: V961052
1998: V980283
2000: V001336



VCF1029a 1972-2004 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780168
1980: V800900
1982: V820156
1984: V840916
1986: V860192
1988: V880683
1990: V900207
1992: V925410
1994: V940410
1996: V961053
1998: V980284
2000: V001337



VCF1029b 1972-2004 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1029a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780168
1980: V800900
1982: V820156
1984: V840916
1986: V860192
1988: V880683
1990: V900207
1992: V925410
1994: V940410
1996: V961053
1998: V980284
2000: V001337



VCF1030a 1972-2004 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780169
1980: V800901
1982: V820157
1984: V840917
1986: V860193
1988: V880684
1990: V900208
1992: V925411
1994: V940411
1996: V961054
1998: V980285
2000: V001338



VCF1030b 1972-2004 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1030a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780169
1980: V800901
1982: V820157
1984: V840917
1986: V860193
1988: V880684
1990: V900208
1992: V925411
1994: V940411
1996: V961054
1998: V980285
2000: V001338



VCF1031a 1972-2004 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880685
1990: V900209
1992: V925412
1994: V940412
1996: V961055
1998: V980286
2000: V001339



VCF1031b 1972-2004 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Democratic candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1026; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1031a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880685
1990: V900209
1992: V925412
1994: V940412
1996: V961055
1998: V980286
2000: V001339



VCF1032 LIKES ANYTHING ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district
NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0984.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780170
1980: V800902
1982: V820158
1984: V840918
1986: V860194
1988: V880686
1990: V900210
1992: V925413
1994: V940413
1996: V961056
1998: V980287
2000: V001340



VCF1033a 1972-2004 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780171
1980: V800903
1982: V820159
1984: V840919
1986: V860195
1988: V880687
1990: V900211
1992: V925414
1994: V940414
1996: V961057
1998: V980288
2000: V001341



VCF1033b 1972-2004 MENTION 1: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1033a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780171
1980: V800903
1982: V820159
1984: V840919
1986: V860195
1988: V880687
1990: V900211
1992: V925414
1994: V940414
1996: V961057
1998: V980288
2000: V001341



VCF1034a 1972-2004 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780172
1980: V800904
1982: V820160
1984: V840920
1986: V860196
1988: V880688
1990: V900212
1992: V925415
1994: V940415
1996: V961058
1998: V980289
2000: V001342



VCF1034b 1972-2004 MENTION 2: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1034a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780172
1980: V800904
1982: V820160
1984: V840920
1986: V860196
1988: V880688
1990: V900212
1992: V925415
1994: V940415
1996: V961058
1998: V980289
2000: V001342



VCF1035a 1972-2004 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780173
1980: V800905
1982: V820161
1984: V840921
1986: V860197
1988: V880689
1990: V900213
1992: V925416
1994: V940416
1996: V961059
1998: V980290
2000: V001343



VCF1035b 1972-2004 MENTION 3: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1035a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780173
1980: V800905
1982: V820161
1984: V840921
1986: V860197
1988: V880689
1990: V900213
1992: V925416
1994: V940416
1996: V961059
1998: V980290
2000: V001343



VCF1036a 1972-2004 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780174
1980: V800906
1982: V820162
1984: V840922
1986: V860198
1988: V880690
1990: V900214
1992: V925417
1994: V940417
1996: V961060
1998: V980291
2000: V001344



VCF1036b 1972-2004 MENTION 4: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1036a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780174
1980: V800906
1982: V820162
1984: V840922
1986: V860198
1988: V880690
1990: V900214
1992: V925417
1994: V940417
1996: V961060
1998: V980291
2000: V001344



VCF1037a 1972-2004 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880691
1990: V900215
1992: V925418
1994: V940418
1996: V961061
1998: V980292
2000: V001345



VCF1037b 1972-2004 MENTION 5: LIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you liked about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you liked about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1032; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1037a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880691
1990: V900215
1992: V925418
1994: V940418
1996: V961061
1998: V980292
2000: V001345



VCF1038 DISLIKES ANYTHING ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district
NA (2000); district misidentified (2000)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTEs VCF0985.
Code 5 includes cases where R says he/she did not know anything about
the candidate.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780175
1980: V800907
1982: V820163
1984: V840923
1986: V860199
1988: V880692
1990: V900216
1992: V925419
1994: V940419
1996: V961062
1998: V980293
2000: V001346



VCF1039a 1972-2004 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
8888. DK (mention 1 only)
8889. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780176
1980: V800908
1982: V820164
1984: V840924
1986: V860200
1988: V880693
1990: V900217
1992: V925420
1994: V940420
1996: V961063
1998: V980294
2000: V001347



VCF1039b 1972-2004 MENTION 1: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
88. DK (mention 1 only)
89. RF; NA (mention 1 only)
INAP. 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984);
short form (1992); district NA (2000); district misidentified (2000);
question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1039a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780176
1980: V800908
1982: V820164
1984: V840924
1986: V860200
1988: V880693
1990: V900217
1992: V925420
1994: V940420
1996: V961063
1998: V980294
2000: V001347



VCF1040a 1972-2004 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780177
1980: V800909
1982: V820165
1984: V840925
1986: V860201
1988: V880694
1990: V900218
1992: V925421
1994: V940421
1996: V961064
1998: V980295
2000: V001348



VCF1040b 1972-2004 MENTION 2: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1040a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780177
1980: V800909
1982: V820165
1984: V840925
1986: V860201
1988: V880694
1990: V900218
1992: V925421
1994: V940421
1996: V961064
1998: V980295
2000: V001348



VCF1041a 1972-2004 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780178
1980: V800910
1982: V820166
1984: V840926
1986: V860202
1988: V880695
1990: V900219
1992: V925422
1994: V940422
1996: V961065
1998: V980296
2000: V001349



VCF1041b 1972-2004 MENTION 3: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1041a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780178
1980: V800910
1982: V820166
1984: V840926
1986: V860202
1988: V880695
1990: V900219
1992: V925422
1994: V940422
1996: V961065
1998: V980296
2000: V001349



VCF1042a 1972-2004 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780179
1980: V800911
1982: V820167
1984: V840927
1986: V860203
1988: V880696
1990: V900220
1992: V925423
1994: V940423
1996: V961066
1998: V980297
2000: V001350



VCF1042b 1972-2004 MENTION 4: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1042a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780179
1980: V800911
1982: V820167
1984: V840927
1986: V860203
1988: V880696
1990: V900220
1992: V925423
1994: V940423
1996: V961066
1998: V980297
2000: V001350



VCF1043a 1972-2004 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
0001-8877
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix ‘PARTY-CANDIDATE 1972-LATER’ master code.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880697
1990: V900221
1992: V925424
1994: V940424
1996: V961067
1998: V980298
2000: V001351



VCF1043b 1972-2004 MENTION 5: DISLIKE ABOUT REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND COLLAPSED
Question
Was there anything in particular that you didn’t like about {NAME}, the
Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives?
What was that? Anything else [that you didn’t like about this candidate]?
Valid
11. People within party (0001-0097)
12. Party characteristics (0101-0197)
21. Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
22. Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
23. Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
24. Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
31. Government management (0601-0697)
32. Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
33. Domestic policies (0901-1097)
34. Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
35. Group connections (1201-1299)
40. Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
50. Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
Missing
INAP. Inap. no further mention; 5,6,7,8,9 in VCF1038; no post IW; abbrev.
telephone IW (1984); short form (1992); district NA (2000); district
misidentified (2000); question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Collapsed from full code VCF1043a.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880697
1990: V900221
1992: V925424
1994: V940424
1996: V961067
1998: V980298
2000: V001351



VCF9001 LENGTH OF RESIDENCE IN COMMUNITY
Question
How long have you lived here in (1986 AND LATER: your present) (1984:
this) city/town/township/county (2002: community) ?
Valid
0. 1 Year or less (2002,2004: less than 1 year)
1. 13-23 Mos. (1988-1992 only) (2002,2004: 12-18 months)
2. 2 Years (1994-later: includes 13-23 months; 2002,2004: 19-24 months)
3. 3 Years
.
.
89. 89 Years or more
90. ‘All of life’ (regardless of number of years) [exc.1974,2004]
Missing
99. DK; NA; Panel (2002)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In Pre-Post study years, this was a pre var.
In 1968-1978, if number of years given included a fraction of 6 or
more months, then the number of years coded was rounded up to the next
highest whole number. In 1980-1986, this practice was restricted to
instances where the total number of years (and months) given was less
than 2 years; if the number of years given was greater than 2, then
any fraction was dropped.
In 1988-1990, all fractions of years were dropped with the exception
of months less than a year (coded as 1 year, code 0), and 13-23 months
(code 1). In 1994 and later, all fractions of years were dropped with
the exception of months less than a year (coded 0); the code ‘13-23
months; 2 years’ has been recoded to 2.
Beginning in 2012, exact number of years was not in the public release.
1974 NOTE:
Code ‘all of life’ was not used.
2002 NOTE:
This question was asked only of Fresh Cross respondents.
2004 NOTE:
Code 76 includes, ‘76 years or more.’ Code, ‘All of life’
was not used.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680260
1970: V700382(type 0)
1972: V720419
1974: VV74254
1976: V763502
1978: V780627
1980: V800714
1982: V820756
1984: V840702
1986: V860750
1988: V880548
1990: V900681
1992: V924130
1994: V941423
1996: V960712
1998: V980661
2000: V001020a,V001020b,V001020
2002: V023139
2004: V043308
2008: V083266a,V083266b
2020: V201576



VCF9002 LENGTH OF RESIDENCE IN HOME
Question
How long have you lived (2012: at this address?) in this house
(condo/apartment) (2002: your current home) ?
Valid
1. 4 years or less
2. 5-9 years
3. 10-19 years
4. 20-29 years
5. 30 or more years (2004: includes 76 years or more)
6. ‘All of life’ (regardless of number of years)[exc.1974,1976,2004]
Missing
9. DK; NA
0. Panel (2002)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Beginning in 2012, exact number of years was not in the public release.
1960 NOTE:
Post-only Rs were asked this question in the post: their responses were
incorporated into the pre var used here.
1974 NOTE:
Code ‘all of life’ was not used.
1976 NOTE:
same as 1974.
2002 NOTE:
This question was asked only of Fresh Cross respondents.
2004:
Case 462 indicates a longer residence in home than in
community. Code 5, ‘30 years or more’ includes ‘76
years or more). Code ’All of life’ was not used.
2016 NOTE:
Available data do not collapse into these categories.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580229
1960: V600185
1964: V640264
1966: V660233
1970: V700384(type 0)
1974: VV74254
1976: V763503
1978: V780628
1980: V800718
1982: V820760
1984: V840705
1986: V860753
1988: V880551
1990: V900684
1992: V924134
1994: V941426
1996: V960713
1998: V980662
2000: V001021a,V001021b,V001021
2002: V023140
2004: V043311
2008: V083269a,V083269b
2020: V201587



VCF9003 THERMOMETER - EVANGELICAL GROUPS
Question
Evangelical groups active in politics – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800885
1984: V840772
1988: V880614



VCF9004 THERMOMETER - ELDERLY
Question
Older people (or the elderly) – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1974: VV74236
1976: V763829
1980: V800865
1984: V840771
1988: V880619
1994: V940316
1996: V961040
2000: V001319
2002: V025065
2004: V045071



VCF9005 THERMOMETER - SUPREME COURT
Question
The Supreme Court – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize (1980 and later)
99. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800866
1984: V840776
1988: V880621
1996: V961025
2000: V001304
2002: V025051
2004: V045073
2012: ftgr_ussc
2016: V162102
2020: V202165
2024: V242143



VCF9006 THERMOMETER - WOMEN
Question
Women – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize (1984,1988,2004)
99. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763830
1984: V840762
1988: V880608
2004: V045083



VCF9007 THERMOMETER - JESSE JACKSON
Question
JesseJackson – feeling thermometer
Valid
00-96. Degrees as coded
97. 97-100 Degrees
Missing
98. DK; don’t recognize (1984,1986,1988,1990,1992,1996)
99. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840298
1986: V860145
1988: V880162
1990: V900139
1992: V923316
1994: V940228
1996: V960283
2002: V023018



VCF9008 WHICH PARTY WOULD BEST HANDLE POLLUTION AND PROTECTING ENVIRONMENT
Question
Which party do you think would do a better job of handling the
problem of pollution and (1990,1994: protection of) the environment?
Valid
1. Better by Democrats
3. Same by both
5. Better by Republicans
8. DK
Missing
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Volunteered responses ‘neither’ have been recoded to 3.
In 2020, the response options changed slightly: 1. Democrats would do a much better job 2. Democrats would do a somewhat better job 3. Not much difference between them 4. Republicans would do a somewhat better job 5. Republicans would do a much better job. In VCF9008, response options 1 and 2 were coded “1” (Better by Democrats) while 4 and 5 were coded “5” (Better by Republicans).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900391
1994: V940830
1998: V980385
2020: V201243



VCF9009 APPROVE OF PRESIDENT PERFORMANCE ON ECONOMY
Question
Do you approve or disapprove of the way [president] is handling the
economy?
(IF APPROVE/DISAPPROVE: ) Do you approve/disapprove strongly or not
strongly?
Valid
1. Approve strongly
2. Approve not strongly
4. Disapprove not strongly
5. Disapprove strongly
8. DK if approve/disapprove strongly or not strongly; DK/NA if approve or
disapprove
Missing
9. NA if approve/disapprove strongly or not strongly
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
President: Reagan 1984, 1986, 1988; George Bush Sr. 1990, 1992;
Clinton 1994,1996,1998,2000; George W. Bush 2002,2004.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840261
1986: V860099
1988: V880227
1990: V900101
1992: V923324
1994: V940202
1996: V960297
1998: V980217
2000: V000501
2002: V023042
2004: V043026,V043027
2012: presapp_econ_x
2016: V161083x,V161083,V161083a
2020: V201130
2024: V241141



VCF9010 WHICH WOULD BEST HANDLE INFLATION
Question
Do you think inflation would be handled better by the Democrats, by
the Republicans, or about the same by both?
Valid
1. Better by Democrats
3. Same by both
5. Better by Republicans
8. DK
Missing
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Volunteered responses ‘neither’ have been recoded to 3.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763143
1978: V780341
1980: V800204
1982: V820337



VCF9011 WHICH WOULD BEST HANDLE UNEMPLOYMENT
Question
Do you think the problems of unemployment would be handled better by
the Democrats, by the Republicans, or about the same by both?
Valid
1. Better by Democrats
3. Same by both
5. Better by Republicans
8. DK
Missing
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V763145
1978: V780344
1980: V800208
1982: V820339



VCF9012 WHICH PARTY WOULD BEST HANDLE MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM
Question
(IF R HAS MENTIONED A ‘MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM’ IN THE NATION: )
Which political party do you think would be most likely to get the
government to do a better job in dealing with this problem (1972: to
be helpful on this problem) –the Republicans, the Democrats, or
wouldn’t there be much difference between them?
Valid
1. Democrats
3. Not much difference
5. Republicans
8. DK; other (1972 only); neither
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; form I, II, IV (1972); short form (1992); question not
administered in assigned half-sample (1996, 2000)
0. R has not identified any problem
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This var is a follow-up to VCF0875/VCF0875a/VCF0875b.
1972 NOTE:
Code 8 includes 11 cases where R’s response was ‘other.’
1996 NOTE:
A half-sample of respondents was randomly selected to be administered
questions about ‘most important problem’.
2000 NOTE:
same as 1996
2012 NOTE:
Corrected data will be provided in the next release.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720550
1976: V763692
1978: V780317
1980: V800985
1982: V820300
1984: V840995
1986: V860308
1988: V880819
1992: V925728
1994: V940707
1996: V961143
1998: V980348
2000: V000438



VCF9013 SOCIETY ENSURE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY TO SUCCEED
Question
1988 AND LATER:
Using page [page] for our choice of answers, I would like you to tell me
how much you agree or disagree with each statement.
(RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R)
1984,1986,1990,1996:
I am going to read several statements. After each one, I would like you
to tell me whether you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor
disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly.
(RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R)
2004:
Pleae look at page [page] of the booklet. I am going to read several
more statements. After each one, I would like you to tell me how
strongly you agree or disagree.
ALL YEARS:
‘Our society should do whatever is necessary to make sure that
everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed.’
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; form B (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which VCF9013-9018 questions appeared in the original
studies varied by study.
1984 NOTE:
Egalitarianism series was administered with a break mid-sequence.
1988 NOTE 1:
Placement varied by form.
1988 NOTE 2:
The order of egalitarianism items was scrambled among form B
respondents.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840204
1986: V860364
1988: V880924
1990: V900426
1992: V926024
1994: V940914
1996: V961229
2000: V001521
2004: V045212
2012: egal_equal
2016: V162243
2020: V202260
2024: V242254



VCF9014 WE HAVE GONE TOO FAR PUSHING EQUAL RIGHTS
Question
‘We have gone too far in pushing equal rights in this country.’
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; form B (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See intro text and notes VCF9013.
1972 NOTE:
The 1972 version of this question was not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840206
1986: V860365
1988: V880925
1990: V900427
1992: V926025
1994: V940915
1996: V961230
1998: V980429
2000: V001522
2004: V045213
2012: egal_toofar



VCF9015 BIG PROBLEM THAT NOT EVERYONE HAS EQUAL CHANCE
Question
ALL YEARS:
‘One of the big problems in this country is that we don’t give
everyone an equal chance.’
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; form B (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See intro text and notes VCF9013.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840208
1986: V860366
1988: V880929
1990: V900428
1992: V926029
1994: V940916
1996: V961231
2000: V001523
2004: V045214
2012: egal_bigprob



VCF9016 NOT BIG PROBLEM IF SOME HAVE MORE CHANCE IN LIFE
Question
ALL YEARS:
‘It is not really that big a problem if some people have more of a
chance in life than others.’
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; form B (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See intro text and notes VCF9013.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840255
1986: V860368
1988: V880927
1990: V900430
1992: V926027
1994: V940918
1996: V961233
2000: V001525
2004: V045216
2012: egal_notbigprob
2016: V162245
2020: V202262
2024: V242256



VCF9017 SHOULD WORRY LESS ABOUT HOW EQUAL PEOPLE ARE
Question
ALL YEARS:
‘The (2004: This_ country would be better off if we worried less
about how equal people are.’
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; form B (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See intro text and notes VCF9013.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840251
1986: V860367
1988: V880926
1990: V900429
1992: V926026
1994: V940917
1996: V961232
2000: V001524
2004: V045215
2012: egal_worryless
2016: V162244
2020: V202261
2024: V242255



VCF9018 U.S. FEWER PROBLEMS IF EVERYONE TREATED EQUALLY
Question
ALL YEARS:
‘If people were treated more equally in this country we would have
many fewer problems.’
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; form B (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See intro text and notes VCF9013.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840253
1986: V860369
1988: V880928
1990: V900431
1992: V926028
1994: V940919
1996: V961234
1998: V980428
2000: V001526
2004: V045217
2012: egal_fewerprobs
2016: V162246
2020: V202263
2024: V242257



VCF9019 MOST DESIRABLE GOAL FOR THE NATION: #1
Question
For a nation, it is not always possible to obtain everything one might
wish. On this page (1988,1992: on page [PAGE] of the booklet)
(1972, 1976: on this card), several different goals are listed.
If you had to choose among them, which one would seem most desirable
to you? (RESPONDENT BOOKLET OR SHOW CARD SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Maintaining order in the nation
2. Giving the people more say in important political decisions
3. Fighting rising prices
4. Protecting freedom of speech
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720557
1976: V763949
1980: V801171
1984: V841076
1988: V880930
1992: V926013



VCF9020 MOST DESIRABLE GOAL FOR THE NATION: #2
Question
(IF FIRST CHOICE GIVEN: ) Which one {goal for our nation} would be your
second choice?
Valid
1. Maintaining order in the nation
2. Giving the people more say in important political decisions
3. Fighting rising prices
4. Protecting freedom of speech
Missing
8. DK 2nd choice
9. NA 2nd choice; no Post IW; NA or DK 1st choice (8 or 9 in VCF9019);
form I,III,IV (1972); telephone IW (1984); no 2nd choice
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See intro and notes VCF9019.
This is a follow-up to VCF9019.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720558
1976: V763950
1980: V801172
1984: V841077
1988: V880931
1992: V926014



VCF9021 DID ANYONE TALK TO R ABOUT VOTING OR REGISTERING
Question
During the campaign this year, did anyone talk to you about registering
to vote or getting out to vote (1984,1986: or about voting)?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This was a post var.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840841
1986: V860326
1988: V880835
1990: V900376
1992: V925820
1994: V940806
1996: V961174
1998: V980354
2000: V001234
2002: V025014
2012: mobilpo_reg
2016: V162009
2020: V202008



VCF9022 VOTER STRENGTH OF PREFERENCE- PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
(ASKED OF Rs WHO VOTED): How about the election for president? Did
you vote for a candidate for president? (IF YES) Who did you vote
for? Would you say that your preference for this candidate was strong
or not strong?
Valid
1. Strong
5. Not strong
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
0. R did not vote or DK/NA/refused to say if voted; R voted but did not
vote (or DK/NA/refused to say if voted) for president; R voted for
president but DK/NA/refused to say who voted for (1988 only)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is a follow-up to VCF0704-VCF0706.
1980 NOTE:
Some Rs who refused to identify who they voted for or who DK/NA who
voted gave valid code responses.
1984 NOTE:
same as 1980.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800995
1984: V840789
1988: V880764
1992: V925610
1996: V961083
2000: V001250
2004: V045026
2012: prevote_presstr, postvote_presstr
2016: V162066x,V162035
2020: V201030, V202074



VCF9023 NONVOTER PREFERENCE- PRESIDENTIAL CAND
Question
(ALL YEARS: ASKED OF Rs WHO DID NOT VOTE):
1948,1952,1956,1960,1964,1968:
Who (1948: whom) would you have voted for if you had voted?
1980,1984,1988,1992,1996:
How about the election for president? Did you prefer one of the
candidates for president? (IF YES:) Who did you prefer?
Valid
1. Preference: Democrat
2. Preference: Republican
3. Preference: Other
7. No preference (1968 and later)
Missing
9. DK; NA; refused; no Post IW
0. R voted or DK/NA/refused to say if voted (for president)
INAP. question not used
Notes
This is a follow-up to VCF0704-VCF0706.
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1952,1956,1960,1964 no category appeared (coded) for ‘no preference.’
Although a category appeared for ‘no preference’ in 1968, R was not
asked the filter question, ‘Did you prefer one of the candidates for
president?’ and the absence of this filter was reflected in the small
1968 ‘no preference’ N (presumably volunteered responses). In 1980,
1984, 1988 and 1992 Rs who replied ‘no’ to the filter question were
coded 7 here.
1956 NOTE:
One case from dual ‘nonvoter, NA preference; voted but not for
president’ has been coded 9 here.
1968 NOTE:
One case originally coded ‘Nixon or Wallace’ has been coded 9 here.
2004 NOTE:
Code 5, ‘Ralph Nader’ and code 7, ‘Other’ have been coded 3 here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520178
1956: V560203
1960: V600201
1968: V680316
1980: V801014,V801016
1984: V840805,V84080
1988: V880774,V880775
1992: V925634
1996: V961098,V961099
2000: V001277
2004: V045028,V045029
2012: postvote_prefprwho
2016: V162038x,V162062x
2020: V202077



VCF9024 VOTER STRENGTH OF PREFERENCE- U.S. HOUSE CAND
Question
(ASKED OF Rs WHO VOTED): Here is a list of candidates for the major
races in this district. How about the election for the House of
Representative in Washington? Did you vote for a candidate for the
U.S. House of Representatives? (IF YES:) Who did you vote for?
Would you say that your preference for this candidate was strong or
not strong?
Valid
1. Strong
5. Not strong
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form (1992)
0. R did not vote or DK/NA/refused to say if voted; R voted but did not
vote (or DK/NA/refused to say if voted) for House candidate; R voted
for House but DK/refused to say who voted for (not 1984,1988); R voted
for House but NA who voted for (not 1980 1990); special districts with
no House race in 1978 (4 districts: LA03, LA07, FL08, FL10); special
districts with no House race in 1980 (1980, 2 districts: LA03, LA07)
INAP. question not used
Notes
This is a follow-up to VCF0707,VCF0735,VCF0736.
GENERAL NOTE:
In 1980, 1984, 1988 and 1990 study datasets only, some Rs coded NA for
House vote gave valid code responses.
1984 NOTE 1:
Some Rs who refused to identify /DK who they voted for gave valid code
responses.
1984 NOTE 2:
3 cases in the study dataset which were abbreviated telephone IWs were
placed in the wrong MD code (0). They are correctly coded here (9).
1988 NOTE:
same as 1984 NOTE 1.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780475
1980: V800999
1984: V840794
1988: V880769
1990: V900290
1992: V925624



VCF9025 VOTE FOR GOVERNOR- PARTY
Question
(ASKED OF Rs WHO VOTED):
How about the vote/election for Governor (1952, 1958: here in [state])?
Did you vote for a candidate for Governor? (IF YES:) Who did you vote
for? Which party was that?
Valid
1. Democrat
2. Republican
3. Other
Missing
9. DK; NA; did not vote; DK/NA/refused to say if voted; voted, but not
for governor; voted but DK/NA/refused to say if voted for governor;
DK/NA/refused to say who voted for; name given by R not on candidate
list (1978-1990); no Post IW; form III,IV (1972)
0. No gubernatorial race in state (includes Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See Appendix NOTE ‘STATES AND PARTIES OF ELECTIONS/CANDIDATES’.
GENERAL NOTE:
Ballot card was not used until 1978. In 1978-1982, 1986 R selected
name from ballot card. When R gave a name not on the candidate list,
MD was coded, and party of vote was undetermined.
In 1952, 1958, 1964-1968 (no ballot card), when an incorrect name–
i.e., not on the candidate list–was given with a party association,
the party given was coded. When a correct name was given with an
incorrect party, then the actual party associated with the named
candidate was coded: ‘Smith, a Democrat’ was coded as a Republican if,
in fact (contrary to R’s perception) Smith was indeed a Republican.
In 1970-1976 (no ballot card), R’s perception of candidate’s party was
given. If an incorrect name (not on the candidate list) was given,
party associated was still coded. If a given party was not the actual
party of a correctly named candidate, party as given was still coded.
In 1952, 1958, 1960 and 1964, this question was coded as a multiple
response variable allowing, when applicable, for candidate-at-large
mentions (2nd response) as well as district choice of candidates (1st
response). Second responses were excluded in coding VCF9025.
If R did not vote AND R’s state did not have a gubernatorial race,
then 0 (not 9) has been coded.
In 1980, 1982, 1986, 1990: if there was no race in state of IW BUT it
was determined that R voted outside of state of IW AND R designated
his/her vote for governor in the other state, then this variable has
been coded for the party of R’s ‘outside’ vote, not coded 0 MD (no
race in state). Before 1980, it was not determined whether R voted
outside of state of IW, and no information was previously available
for any votes for governor outside of state of IW.
2016 NOTE:
In 2016, state of vote was determined for voters who voted outside
state of residence; this variable represents vote in state of vote.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520188
1958: V580087
1964: V640291
1966: V660108
1968: V680326
1970: V700217(type 0)
1972: V720487
1974: VV74232
1976: V763676
1978: V780482
1980: V801006
1982: V820514
1986: V860274
1990: V900299
1994: V940621
1998: V980321
2012: prevote_vtgovbc, postvote_vtgovbc
2016: V162069x,V161015d,V162026d,V162031x
2020: V202113x
2024: V241070, V242088



VCF9026 VOTE IN PRESIDENTIAL YEAR PRIMARY- PARTY
Question
1972:
(ASKED OF Rs WHO SAID THEY WERE REGISTERED/ELIGIBLE TO VOTE IN
NOVEMBER): How about the primary election this year. Did you vote in
a presidential primary this spring or summer? (IF YES:) Which party’s
primary did you vote in?
1976:
(ASKED OF Rs WHO SAID THEY WERE REGISTERED/ELIGIBLE TO VOTE IN
NOVEMBER): How about the primary election this year? Do you happen
to recall if there was a presidential primary election here in [state]
this spring or summer? (IF YES:) Did you vote in the presidential
primary election? (IF YES:) Which party’s primary did you vote in?
1980:
Your state held a primary election on [date]. Did you vote in that
election, or were you unable to do so? (IF VOTED:) Did you vote in the
Republican primary or the Democratic primary? (SEE NOTE FOR ARKANSAS,
SOUTH CAROLINA, MISSISSIPPI)
1988:
This state held a presidential primary/caucus election in [month]. In
talking to people about elections, we find that a lot of people were not
able to vote because they weren’t registered, they didn’t meet party
qualifications, they were sick or just didn’t have the time. How about
you–did you vote in that primary election/ caucus? (IF YES:) Did you
vote in the Republican or the Democratic primary/caucus?
1992:
This state held a Presidential (primary/caucus) election in [month]. In
talking to people about elections, we find that many people did not vote
for a variety of reasons. How about you–did you vote in that primary
(election/caucus)? (IF YES:) Did you vote in the Republican or
Democratic (primary/caucus)?
Valid
1. Voted: Democratic Pres. Primary (1988: or caucus)
2. Voted: Republican Pres. Primary (1988: or caucus)
3. Voted: DK/NA/Refused which Pres. Primary (1988: or caucus)
5. Voted: ‘Other’ (minor party) Pres. Primary (1972,1976)
7. Did not vote in Pres. Primary (1988: or caucus)
Missing
9. DK/NA/refused to say if voted in primary/caucus; form II (1972);
short form of Spanish language IW (1992); R is not (or DK/NA if)
registered/eligible to vote (1972,1976); R’s state did not have a
primary (1972,1976,1980); R could not recall if his/her state has a
primary (1976 only)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE ‘STATES AND PARTIES OF ELECTIONS/CANDIDATES’.
1972 NOTE 1:
‘Caucus’ was not specified.
1972 NOTE 2:
This question was only asked of Rs who said they were registered
(eligible) to vote; if NA whether registered/ eligible or R didn’t know
if R was registered/eligible, then R was not asked this question.
Additionally, in 1976, R was first asked the question whether R
recalled if R’s state had a primary during the spring/summer of the
study year: if R did recall whether there was a primary AND if R’s
state did indeed have a primary, then this question was asked.
1976 NOTE 1:
same as 1972 NOTE 1.
1976 NOTE:
same as 1972 NOTE 2.
1980 NOTE 1:
same as 1972.
1980 NOTE 2:
votes in nonmajor party primaries were not accounted for (no code 5).
1980 NOTE 3:
Several states had only one primary for one major party. In 1980
Arkansas held a Democratic primary; South Carolina held a Republican
primary; and Mississippi held a Republican primary. If R indicated
that R voted in the party’s primary that year, then R was coded here
for the party of the primary held. The question asked in Arkansas,
South and Carolina and Mississippi in 1980 was: Your state held a
primary election on [date]. As you may know, the [Democratic/
Republican] party did not have a primary contest in [state] this year,
so there was only a [Democratic/Republican] primary election. Did you
vote in that election or were you unable to do so?
1988 NOTE 1:
All states represented in the time series study had a primary or
caucus. However, in some states (Kansas, Michigan and Wyoming
Democratic and Republican caucuses were held on separate dates and the
lead-in question was modified accordingly.
1988 NOTE 2:
same as 1980 NOTE 2.
1992 NOTE:
same as 1988 (Arizona, Iowa, Minnesota, Virginia and Wyoming)
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720167
1976: V763036
1980: V800372
1988: V880149
1992: V923302



VCF9027 VOTE IN PREVIOUS PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION - PARTY
Question
1948:
Do you remember whether you voted in [year] when [Democratic
presidential candidate] ran against [Republican Presidential
candidate]? (IF YES:) Whom did you vote for then?
1952-1962:
(1958,1962: Two years ago,) In [year], you remember that [Democratic
presidential candidate] ran against [Republican presidential candidate]
(1958: for the 2nd time). Do you remember for sure whether or not you
voted in that election? (IF YES, VOTED:) Which one did you vote for?/
(1958: Did you vote for [Democratic presidential candidate] or
[Republican presidential candidate]?)
1964 FORM 1:
Now, the last presidential election was four years ago, in 1960. Do you
remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? (IF YES,
VOTED:) Did you vote Republican or Democratic in that election?
1964 FORM 2,1966-1972,1976,1980,1982,1988-2002:
In [year], {you remember that} [Republican presidential candidate] ran
on the Republican ticket against [Democratic presidential candidate] for
the Democrats/ (1970,1972: against Mr. Humphrey on the Democratic ticket
and Mr. Wallace on the Independent ticket; 1982: against Jimmy Carter
for the Democrats and John Anderson as an independent candidate). Do
you remember for sure whether or not you voted for in that election?
(IF YES, VOTED:) Which one did you vote for?
2004:
In 2000 Al Gore ran on the Democratic ticket against George W.
Bush for the Republicans and Ralph Nader as the Reform party
candidate.Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in
that election?
Valid
1. Voted: Democratic Pres. Candidate
2. Voted: Republican Pres. Candidate
3. Voted: DK/NA/Refused which Pres. Candidate
5. Voted: Other candidate
Missing
9. DK/NA/refused to say if voted in previous presidential election; no
Pre IW; no Post IW; short form or Spanish language IW (1992); NA if R
has ever voted before (1956,1960,1976,1980); DK if R has ever voted
before (1968)
0. R did not vote in previous election; R has never voted
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This question refers to the Presidential election preceding the current
year.
In 1952-1960,1964-1972,1976,1980, if R answered the filter, ‘In the
elections for president since you have been old enough to vote, would
you say that you have voted in all of them, most of them, some of them,
or none of them?’ with ‘none of them’ or answered that s/he was never
before able to vote because s/he was previously not a citizen or old
enough, then this question was not asked.
In 1956, 1960, 1976 and 1980, if it was NA whether R had ever voted,
then this question was not asked. In 1968, if R DK whether R had ever
voted, then this question was not asked.
In 1962, 1982, 1988, 1990 and 1992 no filter was used, but Rs who did
not vote in the previous presidential election because of age or
citizenship ineligibility (or for any other reason) were simply coded
‘did not vote’.
In 1956, 1958, 1960, and 1964 the study documentation stated that
residents of Washington D.C. were INAP; however, in the data, it
some Washington D.C. residents were INAP while others were not.
1952 NOTE 1:
Code 9 contains 9 cases of respondents who replied that they ‘thought’
they had voted Democratic in 1948 and 3 cases of respondents who
replied that they ‘thought’ they had voted Republican in 1948.
1952 NOTE 2:
In the original 1952 dataset, 1948 presidential votes for two
specified nonmajor party candidates were individually coded, and there
also appeared a combination category labeled ‘other or NA or DK who’
(9 cases). Rs who said they had voted for the specified nonmajor
party candidates in 1948 have been coded 5 here, while Rs from the
combination category of the original 1952 dataset have been coded 3
here.
1956 NOTE:
All cases (unknown number) of Rs who only ‘thought’ they voted for any
particular candidate in 1952 were combined with other missing data:
these cases are coded 9 here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1948: V48002
1952: V520076
1956: V560096
1958: V580074
1960: V600097
1962: VV62003
1964: V640156
1966: V660085
1968: V680129
1970: V700199,V700200
1972: V720159,V72016
1976: V763182,V763183
1980: V800353,V800354
1982: V820292,V820293
1988: V880630,V880631
1990: V900166,V900167
1992: V923107,V923108
1994: V940324,V940325
1996: V960203,V960204
1998: V980214,V980215
2000: V000303,V000304
2004: V043002,V043003
2016: V161006,V161005
2020: V201103



VCF9028 WHICH PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE WILL WIN IN STATE
Question
How [1996,2004: What] about here in [R’s state]. Which candidate
for President do you think will carry this state? (1984,1988,1992,
2004: IF NECESSARY: Which candidate will win in this state?)
Valid
1. Democratic Pres. candidate
2. Republican Pres. candidate
3. Other Pres. candidate
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Pre IW; Washington D.C.
INAP. question not used
Notes
2004 NOTE:
Code 5, ‘Ralph Nader’ and code 7, ‘Other’ have been coded 3 here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1952: V520015
1972: V720027
1976: V763028
1980: V800057
1984: V840078
1988: V880100
1992: V923104
1996: V960383
2004: V043095
2012: preswin_state
2016: V161148
2020: V201219
2024: V241213



VCF9029 WHICH PRESIDENTIAL RACE IN STATE BE CLOSE
Question
How about here in [R’s state]. Which candidate for President do you
think will carry this state? (1988,1984, IF NECESSARY: Which
candidate will win in this state?)
Do you think (1972: it) (1988,1996,2004: the Presidential race) will
be close here in [R’s state] or will [name given] win by quite a bit?
1980,1984,1988,1992 ONLY: (IF DK) Do you think the Presidential race
will be close here in [R’s state] or will one candidate win by quite a
bit?
Valid
1. Close race
3. Win by quite a bit
8. DK; depends
Missing
9. NA; NA who R thinks will carry R’s state (9 in VCF9028) (all years);
DK who will win in R’s state (8 in VCF9028)(1972,1976 only)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1952 NOTE:
The 1952 version of this question was not comparable.
1972 NOTE:
If R replied DK to ‘Which candidate do you think will carry this
state?’ (VCF9028) then this question was not asked.
1976 NOTE:
same as 1972.
2004 NOTE:
A programming error early in the field period resulted in
52 respondents who replied DK to VCF9028 not being asked
VCF9029; these 52 cases are coded ‘99. NA’ in 2004 data
file and ‘9. NA’ here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720028
1976: V763029
1980: V800058
1984: V840079
1988: V880101
1992: V923105
1996: V960384
2004: V043096
2012: preswin_closest
2016: V161149
2020: V201220
2024: V241214



VCF9030 CONTACTED BY WHICH MAJOR PARTY
Question
(1956,1960,1964,1966,1968: You know that) (other years exc. 1988,1996:
As you know,) The political parties try to talk to as many people as
they can to get them to vote for their candidate(s).
Did anyone from one (1956,1960,1964,1966,1968: either) of the political
parties call you up or come around and talk to you about the (1956,1960,
1964,1966,1968: during the) campaign (1976ff: this year)?
(IF YES:) Which party was that (1956,1960: were they from)?
Valid
1. Yes, contact: Democratic party
2. Yes, contact: Republican party
3. Yes, contact: both major parties
4. Yes, contact: other
5. Yes, contact: DK which party
6. Yes, contact: NA which party
7. No contact
Missing
8. DK if contact
9. NA if contact; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone
IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See also VCF9030a,VCF9030b,VCF9030c.
GENERAL NOTE:
This was a Post variable.
1952 NOTE:
The 1952 version of this question was not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560221
1960: V600221
1964: V640325,V640326,V64032
1966: V660071,V660072,V660073,V66007
1968: V680401,V680402,V680403,V68040
1972: V720466,V72046
1974: V742193,V742194
1976: V763539,V763540
1978: V780464,V780465
1980: V800785,V800786
1982: V820464,V820465
1984: V840812,V84081
1986: V860309,V86031
1988: V880820,V880821
1990: V900361,V900362
1992: V925801,V925802
1994: V940801,V94080
1996: V961162,V961163
1998: V980349,V980350
2000: V001219,V001220
2002: V025005,V025006
2004: V045008,V045008
2012: mobilpo_party, mobilpo_wparty
2016: V162007,V162007a
2020: V202004, V202005, V202006



VCF9030a CONTACTED BY ANY MAJOR PARTY
Question
Did PARTY contact R about election campaign?
Valid
1. Yes, contact by major party
2. No contact by major party;
Missing
8. DK if contact; contact but DK/NA which party
9. NA if contact; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone
IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF9030 intro and notes.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560221
1960: V600221
1964: V640325,V640326,V64032
1966: V660071,V660072,V660073,V66007
1968: V680401,V680402,V680403,V68040
1972: V720466,V72046
1974: V742193,V742194
1976: V763539,V763540
1978: V780464,V780465
1980: V800785,V800786
1982: V820464,V820465
1984: V840812,V84081
1986: V860309,V86031
1988: V880820,V880821
1990: V900361,V900362
1992: V925801,V925802
1994: V940801,V940802
1996: V961162,V961163
1998: V980349,V980350
2000: V001219,V001220
2002: V025006
2004: V045008,V045008
2016: V162007,V162007a
2020: V202004, V202006



VCF9030b CONTACTED BY DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
Did Democratic Party contact R about election campaign
Valid
1. Yes, contact by Democratic party
2. No contact by Democratic party
Missing
8. DK if contact; contact but DK/NA which party
9. NA if contact; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone
IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF9030 intro and notes.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560221
1960: V600221
1964: V640325,V640326,V64032
1966: V660071,V660072,V660073,V66007
1968: V680401,V680402,V680403,V68040
1972: V720466,V72046
1974: V742193,V742194
1976: V763539,V763540
1978: V780464,V780465
1980: V800785,V800786
1982: V820464,V820465
1984: V840812,V84081
1986: V860309,V86031
1988: V880820,V880821
1990: V900361,V900362
1992: V925801,V925802
1994: V940801,V940802
1996: V961162,V961163
1998: V980349,V980350
2000: V001219,V001220
2002: V025006
2004: V045008,V045008
2012: mobilpo_wparty
2016: V162007,V162007a
2020: V202004, V202006



VCF9030c CONTACTED BY REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Did Republican Party contact R about election campaign
Valid
1. Yes, contact by Republican party
2. No contact by Republican party
Missing
8. DK if contact; contact but DK/NA which party
9. NA if contact; no Post IW; form II,III,IV (1972); abbrev. telephone
IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF9030 intro and notes.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1956: V560221
1960: V600221
1964: V640325,V640326,V64032
1966: V660071,V660072,V660073,V66007
1968: V680401,V680402,V680403,V68040
1972: V720466,V72046
1974: V742193,V742194
1976: V763539,V763540
1978: V780464,V780465
1980: V800785,V800786
1982: V820464,V820465
1984: V840812,V84081
1986: V860309,V86031
1988: V880820,V880821
1990: V900361,V900362
1992: V925801,V925802
1994: V940801,V940802
1996: V961162,V961163
1998: V980349,V980350
2000: V001219,V001220
2002: V025006
2004: V045008,V045008
2012: mobilpo_wparty
2016: V162007,V162007a
2020: V202004, V202006



VCF9031 CONTACTED BY ANYONE OTHER THAN PARTIES
Question
1980-2004:
Other than someone from the two major parties, did anyone else call you
up or come around and talk to you about supporting specific candidates
in this last election?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK/RF
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); Washington D.C.
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This was a post variable.
1978 NOTE:
This question applied only to support of House candidates and was not
comparable in these two years.
1982 NOTE:
same as 1978
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800787
1984: V840814
1986: V860310
1988: V880822
1990: V900363
1992: V925802
1994: V940803
1996: V961164
1998: V980351
2000: V001221
2004: V045009
2012: mobilpo_contactoth
2016: V162008
2020: V202007



VCF9032 HEAR PROGRAMS ABOUT CAMPAIGNS ON THE RADIO 4-CATEGORY
Question
Did you listen to any speeches or discussions about the campaign [2012:
for President] on the radio?
(IF YES:) Would you say you listened to a good many, several, or just
one or two?
2016: How many speeches or discussions about the campaign for President did
you listen to on the radio? None, just one or two, several, or a good many?
Valid
0. None (‘No’)
1. Good many
3. Several
5. One or two
Missing
8. DK how many
9. NA how many; DK/NA whether listened to any; no Post IW; form II,III,IV
(1972); abbrev. telephone IW (1984); short form or Spanish language
IW (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This was a post-election variable all years except 1988 and 1992.
1984 NOTE:
Code 0 includes 2 cases where R replied ‘yes’ that R had listened to
speeches/discussions on the radio but, when asked how many, replied
‘none.’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1960: V600192
1964: V640281
1968: V680296
1972: V720459,V72046
1976: V763600,V763601
1978: V780044,V780045
1980: V800745,V800746
1984: V840723,V84072
1986: V860060,V86006
1988: V880138,V880139
1992: V923208,V923209
1996: V961335,V961336
2000: V001647
2004: V045005,V045005
2012: mediapo_radio, mediapo_radioamt
2016: V162003



VCF9033 NUMBER OF DAYS READ NEWSPAPER IN LAST WEEK
Question
How many days in the past week did you read a daily newspaper?
[2012: During a typical week, how many days do you read news in a
printed newspaper, not including sports?]
Valid
0. None
1. One day
.
.
7. Every day
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; short form or Spanish language IW (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Actual number of days coded.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840112
1986: V860069
1988: V880130
1990: V900071
1992: V923203
1994: V940125
1996: V960246
1998: V980202
2000: V000335
2002: V023004
2004: V043019



VCF9034 READ DAILY NEWSPAPER
Question
1974,1978,1980:
Now let’s switch to newspapers.
1976:
How about newspapers.
ALL YEARS:
Do you read a daily newspaper?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This was a post-election variable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1974: VV74204
1976: V763639
1978: V780058
1980: V800754



VCF9035 NUMBER OF DAYS WATCHED NATIONAL TV NEWS IN PAST WEEK
Question
How many days in the past week did you watch national news (1986: a
national news program) (1984,1988-1994: the news; 1996-2000: the
national news) (2002,2004: the national network news) on TV?
[2012: During a typical week, how many days do you watch national news
on TV, not including sports?]
Valid
0. None
1. One day
.
.
7. Every day
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; DK/NA if watches national network TV news (1984 only); short form or
Spanish language IW (1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
Actual number of days coded.
GENERAL NOTE:
This was a post variable in 1986 only.
1984 NOTE:
This variable was preceded by the question, ‘How often do you watch the
national network news on TV…?’ and if R replied that R watched
national network news at all, then R was asked how many days in the
past week R watched the news. NOTE: distributions vary considerably.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840108,V84011
1986: V860070
1990: V900072
1992: V923201
1994: V940126
1996: V960242
1998: V980204
2000: V000329
2002: V023002
2004: V043014



VCF9036 PARTY WITH SENATE MAJORITY BEFORE THE ELECTION
Question
Do you happen to know which party had the most members in the U.S.
Senate before the election this/last month? (IF NECESSARY: ) Which one?
Valid
1. Republicans - correct
2. Democrats - correct
4. Republicans - incorrect
5. Democrats - incorrect
7. Other (comments)
8. DK (No)
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1982: V820525
1984: V841008
1986: V860350
1988: V880879
1990: V900403
1992: V925952
1994: V941013
1996: V961073
1998: V980480
2000: V001357
2004: V045090



VCF9037 GOVERNMENT SHOULD ENSURE FAIR JOBS FOR BLACKS
Question
Some people feel that if black people (1964,1968: negroes) are not
getting fair treatment in jobs, the government in Washington ought
to see to it that they do. Others feel that this is not the federal
government’s business.
Have you had enough interested in this question to favor one side over
the other?
1964,1968,1972:
(IF YES) How do you feel? Should the government in Washington see to
it that black people get fair treatment in jobs or should the
government in Washington leave these matters to the states and local
communities?
1986 AND LATER:
(IF YES) How do you feel? Should the government in Washington see to
it that black people get fair treatment in jobs or is this not the
federal government’s business?
Valid
1. See to it that black people get fair treatment in jobs
5. 1992 and later: Not the federal government’s business /
1964,1968,1972: leave to the states and local communities
9. Other; depends; DK; no interest
Missing
0. NA opinion; DK/NA whether ‘interested enough;’ no Post IW; form A (1986)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See also VCF0818.
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable combines data from question versions in which the second
response option differs.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640098
1968: V680073
1972: V720103,V72010
1986: V860505,V86050
1988: V880864,V880865
1992: V925937,V925938
1996: V961205,V961206
2000: V000799,V000800
2004: V045109,V045109
2012: fairjob_opin



VCF9038 GUARANTEED EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IS NOT GOVERNMENT JOB
Question
1986:
Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following
statement. (RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R) Do you agree strongly,
agree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, disagree somewhat, or
disagree strongly with that statement?)
1988:
Now looking again at [respondent booklet] for your choices, here are
several more statements. (RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R)
ALL YEARS;
‘Equal opportunity for blacks and whites is very important but it’s
not really the government’s job to guarantee it.’
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860522
1988: V880965



VCF9039 CONDITIONS MAKE IT DIFFICULT FOR BLACKS TO SUCCEED
Question
1986,1990,1994:
In past studies we have asked people why they think white people seem to
get more of the good things in life in America– such as better jobs and
more money–than black people do. These are some of the reasons given
by both blacks and whites. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree
with each reason as to why white people seem to get more of the good
things in life. (RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R).
1988,1992:
Now looking again at [respondent booklet] for your choices, here are
several more statements. (RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R).
ALL YEARS:
‘Generations of slavery and discrimination have created conditions
that make it difficult for blacks to work their way out of the lower
class.’
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; form A (1986); form B (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1972 NOTE:
The 1972 version of this question was not comparable.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860580
1988: V880964
1990: V900523
1992: V926129
1994: V941051
2000: V001511
2004: V045194
2012: resent_slavery
2016: V162212
2020: V202301
2024: V242301



VCF9040 BLACKS SHOULD NOT HAVE SPECIAL FAVORS TO SUCCEED
Question
2004: Now I’m going to read several more statements. After each
one, I would like you to tell me how strongly you agree or disagree.
The first statement is:
ALL YEARS:
‘Irish, Italians, Jewish and many other minorities overcame prejudice
and worked their way up. Blacks should to the same without any
special favors.’
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; form A (1986); form B (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and notes VCF9039.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860568
1988: V880961
1990: V900521
1992: V926126
1994: V941049
1998: V980513
2000: V001508
2004: V045193
2016: V162211
2020: V202300
2024: V242300



VCF9041 BLACKS MUST TRY HARDER TO SUCCEED
Question
‘It’s really a matter of some people not trying hard enough; if blacks
would only try harder they could be just as well off as whites.’
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; form A (1986); form B (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and notes VCF9039.
1972 NOTE:
The 1972 version of this question was not comparable.
See question text and notes VCF9039.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860579
1988: V880963
1990: V900522
1992: V926128
1994: V941050
2000: V001510
2004: V045196
2012: resent_try
2016: V162214
2020: V202303
2024: V242303



VCF9042 BLACKS GOTTEN LESS THAN THEY DESERVE OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS
Question
‘Over the past few years blacks have gotten less than they deserve.’
Valid
1. Agree strongly
2. Agree somewhat
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Disagree somewhat
5. Disagree strongly
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; form A (1986); form B (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See question text and notes VCF9039.
1988 NOTE:
Placement varied by form.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860566
1988: V880962
1990: V900520
1992: V926127
1994: V941048
1998: V980514
2000: V001509
2004: V045195
2012: resent_deserve
2016: V162213
2020: V202302
2024: V242302



VCF9043 SCHOOL PRAYER ALLOWED 4-CATEGORY
Question
Which of the following views comes closest to your opinion on the
issue of school prayer? [1996-LATER: Just give me the number of your
choice] (RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. By law, prayer should not be allowed in public schools
2. The law should allow public schools to schedule time when children can pray
silently if they want to
3. The law should allow public schools to schedule time when children as a group
can say a general prayer not tied to a particular religious faith
4. By law, public schools should schedule a time when all children would say a
chosen Christian prayer
9. Other, DK
Missing
0. NA; no Post IW; form A (1990); short form IW (1992)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860481
1988: V880866
1990: V900467
1992: V925945
1994: V941020
1996: V961214
1998: V980455



VCF9043a STRENGTH OF OPINION WHEN SCHOOL PRAYER ALLOWED 4-CATEGORY
Question
Which of the following views comes closest to your opinion on the
issue of school prayer? [1996-LATER: Just give me the number of your
choice] (RESPONDENT BOOKLET SHOWN TO R)]
Do you favor that choice strongly or not strongly?
Valid
1. Strongly
5. Not strongly
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; other/DK/NA opinion (except 1990,1996); DK/NA opinion (1990,1996);
form A (1990); short form questionnaire (1992); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years except 1990 and 1996, this question was not asked
of respondents who gave an ‘other’ opinion about school prayer
(see VCF9043)
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860482
1988: V880867
1990: V900468
1992: V925946
1994: V941021
1996: V961215
1998: V980456



VCF9044 EFFECT OF FEDERAL ECONOMIC POLICIES 7-CATEGORY
Question
(1988 AND LATER: Over the past year) Would you say that the economic
policies of the federal government have made the nation’s economy
better, worse, or haven’t they made much difference either way? (IF
BETTER/WORSE:) Would you say the economy is much better/worse or
somewhat better/worse?
Valid
1. Much better
2. Somewhat better
3. Same (‘haven’t made much difference’)
4. Somewhat worse
5. Much worse
6. Better, DK/NA how much
7. Worse, DK/NA how much
Missing
8. DK if better/worse/same
9. NA if better/worse/same
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840245
1986: V860374,V86037
1988: V880245,V880246
1992: V923541,V923542
1994: V940911,V940912
1996: V960391



VCF9044a EFFECT OF FEDERAL ECONOMIC POLICIES 3-CATEGORY
Question
(1988,1992-LATER: Over the past year) Would you say that the economic
policies of the federal government have made the nation’s economy
better, worse, or haven’t they made much difference either way?
Valid
1. Better
2. Same (‘haven’t made much difference’)
3. Worse
8. DK
Missing
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
THIS IS A RECODE OF VCF9044: 1,2,6=1 3=2 4,5,7=3 8=8 9=9 0=0.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840244
1986: V860374,V86037
1988: V880245,V880246
1992: V923541,V923542
1994: V940911,V940912
1996: V960390



VCF9045 POSITION OF THE U.S. WEAKER/STRONGER IN THE PAST YEAR
Question
1958,1960,1964,1968:
Would you say that in the past year or so our position in the world has
become stronger, less strong, or has it stayed about the same?
1984 AND 1984-LATER:
(2002,2004: Turning to some other issues facing the country) During
the past year, would you say that the United States’ position in the
world has grown weaker, stayed about the same, or has it grown
stronger?
Valid
1. Weaker (1958,1960,1964,1968: less strong)
3. Same
5. Stronger
8. DK
Missing
9. NA
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1958: V580058
1960: V600083
1964: V640137
1968: V680114
1984: V840246
1986: V860523
1988: V880252
1990: V900494
1992: V923601
1994: V941015
1996: V960409
1998: V980484
2000: V000507
2002: V023032
2004: V043112
2012: usworld_stronger
2016: V161152
2020: V201346
2024: V241309



VCF9046 FEDERAL SPENDING- FOOD STAMPS
Question
Food stamps
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased
7. Cut out entirely (volunteered)
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes preceding VCF0886.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V841000
1986: V860330
1988: V880349
1990: V900382
1992: V923725
1994: V940822
1996: V960496
2000: V000679



VCF9047 FEDERAL SPENDING- IMPROVE AND PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT
Question
Should federal spending on improving and protecting the environment (2000,2002: environmental
protection; 2008,2012,2016: protecting the environment) be increased, decreased, or stay the same
2012: fedspend_enviro
V083151
V023052,5113,5113x
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased
7. Cut out entirely (volunteered)
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes preceding VCF0886.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840996
1986: V860327
1988: V880377
1990: V900377
1992: V923815
1994: V940817
1996: V960562
2000: V000682
2002: V025113
2016: V161212
2020: V201321
2024: V241282



VCF9048 FEDERAL SPENDING- SPACE/SCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY
Question
1984,1992 and later: Science and technology
1986,1988: Space and scientific research
1990: the space program
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased
7. Cut out entirely (volunteered)
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes preceding VCF0886.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V841003
1986: V860333
1988: V880380
1990: V900387
1992: V923812
2004: V043167
2008: V083143
2012: fedspend_scitech
2016: V161207



VCF9049 FEDERAL SPENDING- SOCIAL SECURITY
Question
Social Security
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased
7. Cut out entirely (volunteered)
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW (1984); abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes preceding VCF0886.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840999
1986: V860329
1988: V880348
1990: V900380
1992: V923811
1994: V940819
1996: V960560
2000: V000681
2002: V025117
2004: V043165
2012: fedspend_ss
2016: V161205
2020: V201300
2024: V241261



VCF9050 FEDERAL SPENDING- ASSISTANCE TO BLACKS
Question
Programs that assist blacks
1984: assistance to blacks
2002: aid to blacks
Valid
1. Increased
2. Same
3. Decreased
7. Cut out entirely (volunteered)
8. DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See federal spending question text and notes preceding VCF0886.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V841005
1986: V860334
1988: V880381
1990: V900386
1992: V923729
2000: V000687
2002: V025119



VCF9051 SCHOOL PRAYER ALLOWED 2-CATEGORY
Question
Some people think it is all right for the public schools to start each
day with a prayer. Others feel that religion does not belong in the
public schools but should be taken care of by the family and the
church.
Have you been interested enough in this to favor one side over the
other? (IF YES) Which do you think–schools should be allowed to start
each day with a prayer or religion does not belong in the schools?
Valid
1. Schools should be allowed to start with prayer
5. Religion does not belong in the school
8. Other; depends; both (1964-1968); DK; no interest
Missing
9. NA opinion; DK/NA if interested; no Post IW; abbrev. telephone IW (1984)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640081
1966: V660030
1968: V680458
1980: V801134,V801135
1984: V841037,V84103



VCF9052 ARE THINGS IN U.S. GOING WELL OR NOT
Question
Let’s talk about the country as a whole.
Would you say that things in the country are generally going very
well, fairly well, not too well or not well at all?
Valid
1. Very well
2. Fairly well
4. Not too well
5. Not well at all
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; Form B (1986)
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840226
1986: V860540
1988: V880238



VCF9053 INCOME KEPT UP WITH COSTS IN LAST YEAR
Question
Do you think that over the last year your/your family’s income has
gone up more than the cost of living, has it fallen behind, or has it
stayed about even with the cost of living?
(IF GONE UP OR FALLEN BEHIND) Has it (gone up/fallen behind) a lot or
(gone up/fallen behind) a little?
Valid
1. Gone up a lot
2. Gone up a little
3. Same
4. Fallen behind a little
5. Fallen behind a lot
6. Gone up, DK/NA how much
7. Fallen behind, DK/NA how much
Missing
8. DK if gone up/fallen behind/stayed same
9. NA if gone up/fallen behind/stayed same; Form B (1986)
INAP. question not used
Notes
1980 NOTE:
The 1980 version of this variable was not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840154,V84015
1986: V860362,V86036
1988: V880210,V880211
1992: V923429,V923430



VCF9054 SENATE RACE IN STATE
Question
Checkpoint: Senate race in state of IW?
Valid
1. U.S. Senate race in state
2. No U.S. Senate race in state
Missing
9. no Post IW; Washington D.C.
INAP. question not used
Notes
See Appendix NOTE ‘STATES AND PARTIES OF ELECTIONS/CANDIDATES’.
GENERAL NOTE:
To determine whether a Senate race was held for no-post-IW cases, see
VCF9055 codes 0, 81-85.
In 2020, for 41 cases it was not possible to determine whether or not there was a senate race in R’s state. These cases have been coded ‘9’.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780476
1980: V800833
1982: V820111
1984: V840060
1986: V860116
1988: V880578
1990: V900012,V900013,V900059
1992: V923022
1994: V940018
1996: V961090
1998: V980314
2000: V000204
2002: V024500b,V02504
2004: V044507
2012: prevote_senhhstate
2016: V161010e
2020: V203500



VCF9055 TYPE OF U.S. SENATE RACE
Question
Type of Senate race
Valid
12. DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENT- REPUBLICAN CHALLENGER
13. DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENT- OTHER CHALLENGER
14. DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENT- UNOPPOSED
19. DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENT- REPUBLICAN AND OTHER CHALLENGERS
21. REPUBLICAN INCUMBENT- DEMOCRATIC CHALLENGER
23. REPUBLICAN INCUMBENT- OTHER CHALLENGER
24. REPUBLICAN INCUMBENT- UNOPPOSED
29. REPUBLICAN INCUMBENT- DEMOCRATIC AND OTHER CHALLENGERS
51. DEMOCRATIC CAND UNOPPOSED (Democratic incumbent not running)
52. REPUBLICAN CAND UNOPPOSED (Democratic incumbent not running)
55. DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDS (Democratic incumbent not running)
59. DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN AND OTHER CANDS (Democratic incumbent not running)
61. DEMOCRATIC CAND UNOPPOSED (Republican incumbent not running)
62. REPUBLICAN CAND UNOPPOSED (Republican incumbent not running)
65. DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDS (Republican incumbent not running)
69. DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN AND OTHER CANDS (Republican incumbent not running)
75. DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDS (other incumbent not running)
81. 2 DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENTS: NO RACE IN STATE
82. 2 REPUBLICAN INCUMBENTS: NO RACE IN STATE
83. 1 DEMOCRATIC AND 1 OTHER INCUMBENT: NO RACE IN STATE
84. 1 REPUBLICAN AND 1 OTHER INCUMBENT: NO RACE IN STATE
85. 1 DEMOCRATIC AND 1 REPUBLICAN INCUMBENT: NO RACE IN STATE
95. 2 Senate elections in state [regular Senate election and special Senate
election] (1992: CA ONLY; note that regular Senate election is open race
with 2 nonincumbent candidates) (1994: TN ONLY)
Missing
00. Washington D.C.; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Non-major-party candidates are not accounted for here unless they are
incumbents.
1984 NOTE:
1 case in Connecticut which was mistakenly coded 82 in the study data
has been corrected to 85 here. Also 1 case in Pennsylvania in 1984
which was mistakenly coded 85 in the study data has been corrected to
82 here.
2002 NOTE:
LA05 cases, where a Democratic incumbent was challenged by 2
Republicans, has been coded to 12.
2016 NOTE:
In 2016 two Democratic candidates ran in the California Senate election;
typerace is coded 51.
In 2020, for 41 cases it was not possible to determine whether or not there was a senate race in R’s state. These cases have been coded ‘0’.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780005
1980: V800741
1982: V820007
1984: V840010,V84006
1986: V860044
1988: V880012,V880051
1990: V900059
1992: V923022
1994: V940018
1996: V960098
1998: V980066
2000: V000204
2002: V024500
2004: V044507
2012: typerace2012_sen
2016: V161010e
2020: V203500



VCF9056 THERMOMETER - SENATE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE
Question
Senate Democratic candidate - feeling thermometer
Valid
0-100. Degrees as given
Missing
990. No Democratic candidate
996. No race in state; Washington D.C.
997. R doesn’t recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can’t judge (2016: FTF only)
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
GENERAL NOTE:
If there was no senate race in state AND no post IW, then 999 (no
post) has been coded.
1992 NOTE:
In California in 1992, the regular Senate election and a second
‘special’ Senate election were held. This variable codes data for the
Democratic candidate in the regular Senate election only.
1994 NOTE:
same as 1992, for Tennessee
2016 NOTE:
Web respondents who did not recognize or know where to rate the candidate
were instructed to skip the question and are included in code 999. Code
999 also includes 51 cases of preload failure for candidate name.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782001
1980: V800848
1982: V820126
1986: V860131
1988: V880596
1990: V900140
1992: V925304
1994: V940231
1998: V980241
2000: V001301
2002: V025047
2004: V044507,V045050
2012: ftpo_sdc
2016: V162085
2020: V202148
2024: V242130



VCF9057 THERMOMETER - SENATE REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE
Question
Senate Republican candidate - feeling thermometer
Valid
0-100. Degrees as given
Missing
990. No Republican candidate
996. No race in state; Washington D.C.
997. R doesn’t recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can’t judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
GENERAL NOTE:
If there was no senate race in state AND no post IW, then 999 (no
post) has been coded.
1992 NOTE:
In California in 1992, the regular Senate election and a second
‘special’ Senate election were held. This variable codes data for the
Democratic candidate in the regular Senate election only.
1994 NOTE:
same as 1992, for Tennessee
2016 NOTE:
Web respondents who did not recognize or know where to rate the candidate
were instructed to skip the question and are included in code 999. Code
999 also includes 51 cases of preload failure for candidate name and
includes 40 cases where a FTF programming error caused the instrument to
skip the question.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V782002
1980: V800849
1982: V820127
1986: V860132
1988: V880597
1990: V900141
1992: V925305
1994: V940232
1998: V980242
2000: V001302
2002: V025048,V025049
2004: V044507,V045051
2012: ftpo_src
2016: V162086
2020: V202149
2024: V242131



VCF9058 THERMOMETER - SENATE INCUMBENT CANDIDATE
Question
Senate incumbent candidate - feeling thermometer
Valid
0-100. Degrees as given
Missing
990. No incumbent candidate
996. No race in state; Washington D.C.
997. R doesn’t recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can’t judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
Built from VCF9056 and VCF9057.
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
GENERAL NOTE:
If there was no senate race in state AND no post IW, then 999 (no
post) has been coded. If there was no senate race in state AND no post
IW, then 999 (no post) has been coded.
1992 NOTE:
In California in 1992, the regular Senate election and a second
‘special’ Senate election were held. This variable codes data for the
Democratic candidate in the regular Senate election only.
1994 NOTE:
same as 1992, for Tennessee
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF9059 THERMOMETER - SENATE CHALLENGER
Question
Senate challenger to incumbent candidate - feeling thermometer
Valid
0-100. Degrees as given
Missing
990. No incumbent candidate; incumbent candidate is unopposed
996. No race in state; Washington D.C.
997. R doesn’t recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can’t judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
Built from VCF9056 and VCF9057.
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
GENERAL NOTE:
If there was no senate race in state AND no post IW, then 999 (no
post) has been coded. If there was no senate race in state AND no post
IW, then 999 (no post) has been coded.
1992 NOTE:
In California in 1992, the regular Senate election and a second
‘special’ Senate election were held. This variable codes data for the
Democratic candidate in the regular Senate election only.
1994 NOTE:
same as 1992, for Tennessee
2016 NOTE:
Correction to 2016 data are in progress and will be provided in a future
release.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF9060 THERMOMETER - SENATOR IN STATE WITH SENATE RACE
Question
Senator not up for re-election in state with Senate race - feeling
thermometer
Valid
0-100. Degrees as given
Missing
996. No race in state; Washington D.C.; 2 senate races: CA (1992 ONLY), TN
(1994 ONLY)
997. R doesn’t recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can’t judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE ‘STATES AND PARTIES OF ELECTIONS/CANDIDATES’.
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
2016 NOTE:
Web respondents who did not recognize or know where to rate the person
were instructed to skip the question and are included in code 999. Code
999 also includes 51 cases of preload failure for candidate name and
includes 41 cases where a FTF programming error caused the instrument to
skip the question.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780145
1980: V800854
1982: V820131
1986: V860133
1988: V880598
1990: V900142
1992: V925308
1994: V940235
2004: V044507,V044511b,V045055
2016: V162090
2020: V202155



VCF9061 THERMOMETER - SENATOR 1 IN STATE WITH NO SENATE RACE)
Question
First Senator in state without Senate race - feeling thermometer
Valid
0-100. Degrees as given
Missing
996. Race in state; Washington D.C.; 2 Senate races: CA (1992 ONLY), TN
(1994 ONLY)
997. R doesn’t recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can’t judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE ‘STATES AND PARTIES OF ELECTIONS/CANDIDATES’.
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780148
1980: V800852
1982: V820129
1986: V860134
1988: V880600
1990: V900143
1992: V925309
1994: V940236
2004: V044507,V045053



VCF9062 THERMOMETER - SENATOR 2 IN STATE WITH NO SENATE RACE)
Question
Second Senator in state without Senate race - feeling thermometer
Valid
0-100. Degrees as given
Missing
996. Race in state; Washington D.C.; 2 Senate races: CA (1992 ONLY), TN
(1994 ONLY)
997. R doesn’t recognize name
998. DK where to rate; can’t judge
999. NA; refused; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See Appendix NOTE ‘STATES AND PARTIES OF ELECTIONS/CANDIDATES’.
See thermometer question text and notes preceding VCF0201.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780149
1980: V800853
1982: V820130
1986: V860135
1988: V880599
1990: V900144
1992: V925310
1994: V940237
2004: V044507,V045054



VCF9063 RECALL NAMES OF U.S. SENATE CANDIDATES
Question
ALL YEARS EXCEPT 1992 CALIFORNIA ONLY:
How about the candidates who ran in this state for the United States
Senate in Washington? Do you happen to remember what the candidates’
names were?
1992 CALIFORNIA ONLY:
As you know, there were two Senate races in California this year. Do
you happen to remember what the candidates’ names were?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No; DK
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW; Washington D.C.
0. No Senate race in state
INAP. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1974: VV74217
1978: V780126
1980: V800834
1982: V820112
1986: V860117
1988: V880579
1990: V900121
1992: V925202,V925215



VCF9064 RECALL CORRECT NAME OF U.S. SENATE CANDIDATE
Question
How about the candidates who ran in this state for the United States
Senate in Washington? Do you happen to remember what the candidates’
names were? /
(1992 CALIFORNIA ONLY: ) As you know, there were two Senate races in
California this year. Do you happen to remember what the candidates’
names were
ALL YEARS:
Who were they? (1ST MENTION)
Valid
1. NAME: valid, PARTY: correct
2. NAME: valid, PARTY: incorrect
3. NAME: valid, PARTY: DK/NA
4. NAME: invalid, PARTY: any
5. NAME: invalid, PARTY: DK/NA
6. NAME: DK/NA, PARTY: any
7. NAME: DK, PARTY: DK/NA;
NAME: NA, PARTY: DK (except 1978);
R says that s/he recalls no names (5 in VCF9063)
Missing
9. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.; NA if remembers
any names (9 in VCF9063)
0. No Senate race in state
INAP. question not used
Notes
1974 NOTE:
1974 data are not coded comparably.
1978 NOTE:
NA in code 9 also includes ‘NA name, DK party.’
1992 NOTE:
In California in 1992, in addition to the regular Senate election a
second ‘special’ Senate election was held and 4 –rather than 3 –
Senate recall mentions were coded for CA only in the original data.
For 1992 CA cases, CDF vars VCF9064-9066 are coded only for mentions
which are not mentions of ‘special’ election candidates (not candidate
‘93’ nor ‘94’ in the original study data). If a 1992 California
respondent has recall but R’s ONLY mention(s) refer to the special
election candidates, then 8 has been coded in VCF9064-9066 [98 in
VCF9067].
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780129
1980: V800837
1982: V820115
1986: V860121
1988: V880583
1990: V900125
1992: V925206,V925216,V92521



VCF9065 RECALL CORRECT NAME OF U.S. SENATE CANDIDATE
Question
How about the candidates who ran in this state for the United States
Senate in Washington? Do you happen to remember what the candidates’
names were?
Who were they? (2ND MENTION)
Valid
1. NAME: valid, PARTY: correct
2. NAME: valid, PARTY: incorrect
3. NAME: valid, PARTY: DK/NA
4. NAME: invalid, PARTY: any
5. NAME: invalid, PARTY: DK/NA
6. NAME: DK/NA, PARTY: any
7. NAME: DK, PARTY: DK/NA;
NAME: NA, PARTY: DK (1978 only)
R says that s/he recalls no names (5 in VCF9063);
R only has recall(s) for ‘special’ election (1992, CA only);
no second mention
Missing
9. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.
0. No Senate race in state
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF9064.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780132
1980: V800840
1982: V820118
1986: V860125
1988: V880587
1990: V900129
1992: V925210,V925223



VCF9066 RECALL CORRECT NAME OF U.S. SENATE CANDIDATE
Question
How about the candidates who ran in this state for the United States
Senate in Washington? Do you happen to remember what the candidates’
names were?
Who were they? (3RD MENTION)
Valid
1. NAME: valid, PARTY: correct
2. NAME: valid, PARTY: incorrect
3. NAME: valid, PARTY: DK/NA
4. NAME: invalid, PARTY: any
5. NAME: invalid, PARTY: DK/NA
6. NAME: DK/NA, PARTY: any
7. NAME: DK, PARTY: DK/NA;
NAME: NA, PARTY: DK (1978 only)
R says that s/he recalls no names (5 in VCF9063);
R only has recall(s) for ‘special’ election (1992, CA only);
no third mention
Missing
9. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.
0. No Senate race in state
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF9064.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780135
1980: V800843
1982: V820121
1986: V860129
1988: V880591
1990: V900133
1992: V925214,V925227



VCF9067 NUMBER OF RECALLED NAMES OF U.S. SENATE CANDIDATES
Question
Summary: number of corrent recalls– U.S. Senate candidates
Valid
NONAME CORRECT
00. R’s recall of any name(s) incorrect/DK/NA and any
party mention(s) mention incorrect/DK/NA; R says s/he
recalls no names; R only has recall(s) for ‘special’
election (1992, CA only)
ONE CORRECT NAME
10. R’s recall correct for one name; party mention
incorrect/DK/NA
11. R’s recall correct for one name; party mention correct
TWO CORRECT NAMES
20. R’s recall correct for 2 names; both party mentions
incorrect/DK/NA
21. R’s recall correct for 2 names; one party mention
correct
22. R’s recall correct for 2 names; both party mentions
correct
THREE CORRECT NAMES
30. R’s recall correct for 3 names; all party mentions
incorrect/DK/NA
31. R’s recall correct for 3 names; one party mention
correct
32. R’s recall correct for 3 names; two party mentions
correct
33. R’s recall correct for 3 names; three party mentions
correct
Missing
97.No Senate race in state
99. Abbrev. telephone IW (1984); no Post IW; Washington D.C.
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Built from VCF9063-VCF9066
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF9069 STRENGTH APPROVE/DISAPPROVE RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT
Question
In general, do you approve or disapprove of the way [running U.S. House
incumbent Representative] has been handling his/her job?
(IF APPROVE/DISAPPROVE) Do you approve/disapprove strongly or approve/
disapprove not strongly?
Valid
1. Approve strongly
2. Approve not strongly
4. Disapprove not strongly
5. Disapprove strongly
8. DK strongly or not strongly; DK if approve/ disapprove (8 in VCF0991)
Missing
9. NA strongly or not strongly; NA if approve/ disapprove; no Post IW
(presidential years); short form (1992)
0. No running incumbent (includes Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
This is a follow-up to VCF0991.
GENERAL NOTE:
If the U.S. House representative in R’s district was NOT running for
re-election (i.e., was ‘retiring’), then this question does not apply
(0 coded).
If there was no running incumbent and no post IW, then 9 (no post) has
been coded.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800973
1986: V860354
1988: V880790
1990: V900404,V900405
1992: V925710,V925711
1994: V940637,V940638
1996: V961124
1998: V980326,V980327
2000: V001361
2004: V045091,V045092,V045092
2012: hseinc_approval_x
2016: V162114x
2020: V202203x



VCF9070 AGREEMENT W/ RUNNING HOUSE INCUMBENT’S LEGISLATIVE VOTES
Question
Now we would like your opinion about the way [running U.S. House
incumbent representative] has voted on bills that have come up in the
U.S. House of Representatives in Washington.
1982:
Would you say that you generally agreed or generally disagreed with the
way he/she has voted on bills, have you agreed sometimes but disagreed
others, or haven’t you thought much about this?
1986,1988:
Would you say that you have generally agreed with the way he/she has
voted on bills, agreed and disagreed about equally, generally disagreed,
or haven’t paid much attention to this?
Valid
1. Agreed
3. Agreed and disagreed about equally (1982: Agree sometimes, disagree sometimes)
5. Disagreed
Missing
8. Haven’t paid much attention (1986,1988); haven’t thought much about
this (1982)
9. NA; no Post IW
0. No running incumbent (includes Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
If the U.S. House representative in R’s district was NOT running for
re-election (i.e., was ‘retiring’), then this question does not
apply (0 coded).
If there was no running incumbent and no post IW, then 9 (no post) has
been coded.
1978 NOTE:
The 1978 version of this variable was not coded comparably.
1982 NOTE:
Study data included variables for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected). For
this year, the running incumbent who represented R’s sampling location
BEFORE the 1982 redistricting has been considered R’s ‘incumbent’ for
Cumulative Data File definition. See NOTE VCF0902 describing the
congressional districts affected and designation of candidates as the
(running) ‘incumbent.’
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1982: V820207,V820244,V820261
1986: V860294
1988: V880794



VCF9071 REMEMBER RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT VOTE ON ANY BILL
Question
Was there any bill in particular that you remember how [House running
incumbent] voted on in the last couple of years?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. No running incumbent (includes Washington D.C.); NJ01 (1990)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
If the U.S. House representative in R’s district was NOT running for
re-election (i.e., was ‘retiring’), then this question does not apply
(0 coded).
If there was no running incumbent and no post IW, then 9 (no post) has
been coded.
1990 NOTE:
for New Jersey congressional district 01, the U.S. Representative was
neither ‘retiring’ nor running at the time of the 1990 general
elections. The Representative from NJ01 had campaigned for and been
elected to another office in 1989, and the office of Representative was
not (in effect) occupied until after the 1990 elections (code 0).
1978 NOTE:
The 1978 version of this variable were not comparable.
1982 NOTE:
same as 1978.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860295
1988: V880795
1990: V900058,V900314



VCF9072 AGREE WITH RUNNING U.S. HOUSE INCUMBENT VOTE ON BILL
Question
Was there any bill in particular that you remember how s/he [House
running incumbent] voted on in the last couple of years?
(IF YES) Did you agree or disagree with the way s/he voted on that bill?
Valid
1. Agreed
5. Disagreed
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. No running incumbent (includes Washington D.C.); R does not remember or
DK/NA if remembers any House votes (5,8,9 in VCF9071)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
If the U.S. House representative in R’s district was NOT running for
re-election (i.e., was ‘retiring’), then this question does not apply
(0 coded).
If there was no running incumbent and no post IW, then 9 (no post) has
been coded.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860296
1988: V880796
1990: V900058,V900315



VCF9073 PRESIDENT ON DEFENSE SPENDING SCALE
Question
Some people believe that we should spend much less money for defense.
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people believe that we should spend much less money
for defense. Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1. Others feel that defense spending should be greatly
increased. Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.
And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere
in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. Where would you place
[president] on this issue?
ALL YEARS:
Others feel that defense spending should be greatly increased.
Where would you place [president] on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)
Valid
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ on same 7pt scale
not 1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years before 1996, if R replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much
about it’ or if his/her response was NA in rating self on this same 7-
point scale, then R was not asked this question.
Presidents: Jimmy Carter 1980; Ronald Reagan 1982,1984,1986,1988;
George Bush Sr. 1990,1992; Bill CLinton 1996; George W. Bush, 2004.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800282
1982: V820408
1984: V840396
1986: V860406
1988: V880317
1990: V900440
1992: V923708
1996: V960466
2004: V043144



VCF9074 PRESIDENT ON COOPERATION WITH USSR SCALE
Question
1980:
Some people feel it is important for us to try very hard to get along
with Russia. Others feel it is a big mistake to try too hard to get
along with Russia.
1984,1988:
Some people feel it is important for us to try to cooperate more with
Russia, while others believe we should be much tougher in our dealings
with Russia.
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place [president] on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)
Valid
1. Cooperate more/try to get along with Russia
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher/big mistake to try to get along with Russia
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ on same 7pt scale
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V801079
1984: V840409
1988: V880375



VCF9075 PRESIDENT ON WOMEN’S EQUAL ROLE SCALE
Question
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women’s
rights. Some people feel that women should have an equal
role with men in running business, industry, and
government. (Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1.) Others feel that a woman’s place is in the
home. (Suppose these people are at the other end, at
point 7.) And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [president] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women’s rights. Some
people feel that women should have an equal role with men in running
business, industry and government. Others feel that women’s place is
in the home.
Where would you place [president] on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)
Valid
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women’s place is in the home
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ on same 7pt scale
not 1996 or later)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720233
1976: V763788
1978: V780390
1980: V801095
1982: V820436
1988: V880392
1996: V960544
1998: V980449
2004: V043198



VCF9076 PRESIDENT ON AID TO BLACKS SCALE
Question
1970-1984,1988 FORM B:
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
possible effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks
(1970: negroes) and other minority groups (1980: even if it means giving
them preferential treatment). Others feel that the government should
not make any special effort ot help minorities because they should help
themselves.
1988 FORM A, 1990 AND LATER:
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
possible effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks.
Others feel that the government should not make any special effort to
help blacks because they should help themselves.
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people feel that the government in Washington
should make every effort to improve the social and
economic position of blacks. (Suppose these people are
at one end of a scale, at point 1.) Others feel that
the government should not make any special effort to
help blacks because they should help themselves.
(Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.)
And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Where would you place [president] on this issue?
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place [president] on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN)
Valid
1. Government should help minority blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ on same 7pt scale
(1972-1984,1988, 1990); R self-rating is ‘haven’t thought much about
it’ (1970)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.
ADDITIONAL NOTE:
Note that form B in 1988 and all previous years specified ‘blacks and
other minorities’ in this question while form A in 1988 and all cases
in 1990 specified only ‘blacks.’ To filter for form A/B responses,
use variableVCF0012.
2000 NOTE:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series and are excluded
here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700109(type 0)
1972: V720630
1974: VV74229
1976: V763265
1978: V780374
1980: V801063
1982: V820416
1984: V840383
1988: V880339(form A),V880347(form B)
1990: V90044
1994: V940937
1996: V960490
2000: V000646
2004: V043160
2012: aidblack_dpc



VCF9077 PRESIDENT ON GOVERNMENT HEALTH INSURANCE SCALE
Question
There is much concern about the rapid rise in medical and hospital
costs.
Some people feel there should be a government insurance plan which
would cover all medical and hospital expenses (1994: for everyone).
Others feel that medical expenses should be paid by individuals, and
through private insurance[1996: plans] like Blue Cross (1994: or
[1996:some] other company paid plans).
Where would you place [president] on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)
Valid
1. Government insurance plan
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Private insurance plan
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; Form II (1972)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ on same 7pt scale
(1972,1976,1978); R self-rating is ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (1970)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1970: V700137(type 0)
1972: V720209
1976: V763274
1978: V780382
1994: V940951
1996: V960480
2012: inspre_dpc



VCF9078 PRESIDENT ON GOVERNMENT SPENDING/SERVICES SCALE
Question
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people think the government should provide fewer
services even in areas such as health and education
in order to reduce spending. Suppose these people are at
one end of a scale, at point 1. Other people feel it is
important for the government to provide many more services
even if it means an increase in spending. Suppose these
people are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course,
some other people have opinions somewhere in between, at
points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [president] on this issue?
ALL YEARS:
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education, in order to reduce spending.
Other people feel that it is important for the government to provide
many more services even if it means an increase in spending.
Where would you place [president] on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)
Valid
1. Government should provide many fewer services: Reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government should provide many more services: Increase spending a lot
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992); telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ on same 7pt scale
all years before 1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.
2000 NOTE:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series and are excluded
here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1982: V820444
1984: V840376
1986: V860449
1988: V880309
1990: V900453
1992: V923702
1994: V940941
1996: V960453
1998: V980464
2000: V000551
2004: V043138
2012: spsrvpr_ssdpc



VCF9079 PRESIDENT ON GUARANTEED JOBS AND LIVING SCALE
Question
Please look at page 9 of the booklet.
Some people feel the government in Washington should see
to it that every person has a job and a good standard of
living. Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1. Others think the government should just let
each person get ahead on their own. Suppose these people
are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course, some
other people have opinions somewhere in between, at
points 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Where would you place [president] on this issue?
ALL YEARS:
Some people feel that the government in Washington should see to it
that every person has a job and a good standard of living. Others
think the government should just let each person ahead on his own.
And, of course, other people have opinions somewhere in between.
Where would you place [president] on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN
TO R)
Valid
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on his own
Missing
8. DK; haven’t thought much about it
9. NA; no Post IW; form II (1972); short-form or Spanish language IW (1992)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ on same 7pt
scale (all yrs. exc. 1992,1996 and later)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720173
1974: VV74226
1976: V763242
1978: V780358
1980: V801111
1982: V820426
1984: V840415
1988: V880330
1992: V923719
1994: V940931
1996: V960484
1998: V980458
2004: V043154
2012: guarpr_dpc



VCF9080 PRESIDENT ON LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE SCALE
Question
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
I’m going to [1996-LATER: Here is a] show you a 7-point scale on which
the political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely
liberal to extremely conservative. (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Where would you place [president] on this scale?
Valid
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; forms III, IV (1972); R selected for branching version
of this question
0. DK/Haven’t thought about self-rating on same 7pt scale [see above]
(not 1996 or later)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9073.
2000 NOTE:
Telephone respondents were asked a branching series and are excluded
here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720653
1974: VV74230
1976: V763287
1978: V780400
1980: V800268
1982: V820394
1984: V840371
1986: V860387
1988: V880236
1990: V900408
1992: V923514
1994: V940841
1996: V960369
1998: V980403
2000: V000448
2004: V043087
2012: libcpre_dpc



VCF9081 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- DEFENSE SPENDING SCALE
Question
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people believe that we should spend much less money
for defense. Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1. Others feel that defense spending should be greatly
increased. Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.
And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere
in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate]
(on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people believe that we should spend much less money for defense.
Others feel that defense spending should be greatly increased.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992); telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (before 1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Democratic Presidential candidates: McGovern 1972; Carter 1976, 1980;
Mondale 1984; Dukakis 1988; Clinton 1992, 1996; Gore 2000.
In years prior to 1996, if R replied DK or ‘haven’t thought
much about it’ rating self on same 7-point scale, then R was not asked
this question.
In 1996 and later, randomization occurred for the order of the major
Presidential candidate names for this placement.
2000 NOTE:
Telephone respondents were administered a branching series instead and
are excluded here.
2012 NOTE:
The 7-point scale used in 2012 was not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800282
1984: V840397
1988: V880311
1992: V923709
1996: V960466
2000: V000588
2004: V043145
2016: V161182



VCF9082 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- COOPERATION WITH U.S.S.R. SCALE
Question
1980:
Some people feel it is important for us to try very hard
to get along with Russia. Others feel it is a big mistake to try too
hard to get along with Russia.
1984,1988:
Some people feel it is important for us to try to cooperate more with
Russia, while others believe we should be much tougher in our dealings
with Russia.
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Try to cooperate more with Russia (1984,1988)/
Important to try very hard to get along with Russia(1980)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher with Russia (1984,1988)/Big mistake to try
too hard to get along with Russia
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9081.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V801079
1984: V840410
1988: V880369



VCF9083 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- WOMEN EQUAL ROLE SCALE
Question
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women’s
rights. Some people feel that women should have an equal
role with men in running business, industry, and
government. (Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1.) Others feel that a woman’s place is in the
home. (Suppose these people are at the other end, at
point 7.) And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Democratic presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women’s rights. Some
people feel that women should have an equal role with men in running
business, industry, and government. Others feel that women’s place is
in the home.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women’s place is in the home
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (before 1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9081.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720234
1976: V763789
1980: V801095
1988: V880388
1996: V960544
2000: V000761
2004: V043199



VCF9084 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- AID TO BLACKS SCALE
Question
1972,1976,1980,1984 and 1988 FORM B:
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
(1972, 1976: possible) effort to improve the social and economic
position of blacks and other minority groups (1988 B: other minorities)
(1980: even if it means giving the preferential treatment). Others feel
that the government should not make any special effort to help
minorities because they should help themselves.
1988 Form A, 1996 AND LATER:
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks. Others
feel that the government should not make any special effort to help
blacks because they should help themselves.
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people feel that the government in Washington
should make every effort to improve the social and
economic position of blacks. (Suppose these people are
at one end of a scale, at point 1.) Others feel that
the government should not make any special effort to
help blacks because they should help themselves.
(Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.)
And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Where would you place [the Democratic presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government should help Blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (before 1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9081.
1988 NOTE:
Form A asked about ‘blacks’ only, while Form B asked about ‘blacks and
other minorities’ (to filter for Form A/B responses, use variable
VCF0012).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720631
1976: V763266
1980: V801063
1984: V840384
1988: V880333,V880341
1996: V960490
2000: V000651
2004: V043161
2012: aidblack_dpc
2016: V161199
2020: V201259
2024: V241256



VCF9085 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- GOVERNMENT HEALTH INSURANCE SCALE
Question
There is much concern about the rapid rise in medical and hospital
costs. Some feel there should be a government insurance plan which
would cover all medical and hospital expenses. Others feel that
medical expenses should be paid by individuals, and through private
insurance like Blue Cross.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government insurance plan
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Private insurance plan
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; Form II (1972)
0. ‘Haven’t thought much about it’ for Democratic candidate’s rating (1988
only) ; R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ on same
7pt scale (1972,1976)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9081.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720210
1976: V763275
1988: V880319
1996: V960480
2012: inspre_dpc
2016: V161185
2020: V201253
2024: V241246



VCF9086 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- GOVERNMENT SERVICES-SPENDING SCALE
Question
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people think the government should provide fewer
services even in areas such as health and education
in order to reduce spending. Suppose these people are at
one end of a scale, at point 1. Other people feel it is
important for the government to provide many more services
even if it means an increase in spending. Suppose these
people are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course,
some other people have opinions somewhere in between,
at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Democratic presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education in order to reduce spending.
Other people feel it is important for the government to provide many
more services even if it means an increase in spending.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Gov’t provide many fewer servcies, reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Gov’t provide many more services, increase spending a lot
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992); telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ on same 7pt scale
(before 1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9081.
1980 NOTE:
The 1980 version of the question in not comparable.
1984 NOTE:
In 1984 this question appeared in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are
included here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840377
1988: V880303
1992: V923703
1996: V960453
2000: V000557
2004: V043139
2012: spsrvpr_ssdpc
2016: V161179
2020: V201247
2024: V241240



VCF9087 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- GUARANTEED JOBS AND LIVING SCALE
Question
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people feel the government in Washington should see
to it that every person has a job and a good standard of
living. Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1. Others think the government should just let
each person get ahead on their own. Suppose these people
are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course, some
other people have opinions somewhere in between, at
points 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Where would you place [the Democratic presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people feel the government in Washington should see to it that
every person has a job and a good standard of living. Others think the
government should just let each person get ahead on his (1988: their)
own.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; Form II (1972); no Post IW; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992);
telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘Haven’t thought much about it’ on same 7pt scale
(before 1996 exc. 1988,1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9081.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720174
1976: V763243
1980: V801111
1984: V840416
1988: V880324
1992: V923720
1996: V960484
2000: V000621
2004: V043155
2012: guarpr_dpc
2016: V161190
2024: V241253



VCF9088 DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CAND- LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE SCALE
Question
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
Here is a 7-point scale on which the political views that people might
hold are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; mail questionnaire; no Post IW; R selected for branching series
version of this question (2000)
0. R did not rate self on same 7pt scale (see above)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Democratic Presidential candidates: McGovern 1972; Carter 1976, 1980;
Mondale 1984; Dukakis 1988; Clinton 1992, 1996; Gore 2000.
In 1996 and later, randomization occurred for the order of the major
Presidential candidate names for this placement.
In 1972-1980, if R replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ in
rating self on same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this question.
[ NOTE that in 1972-1982 there was no follow-up question (‘if you had to
choose.’) for self-rating.]
In 1984,1988,1992, if R’s self-placement was NA on the 7-point scale,
then this question was not asked. If R replied ‘haven’t thought much
about it’ or DK to this same 7-point scale, then R was prompted, ‘If
you had to choose…’ If R’s response to the follow-up in 1984-1992
was DK, RF or NA, then R was not asked this question.
1972 NOTE:
Respondents in Post mail sample were not asked this question.
1980 NOTE:
In 1980, this question appeared in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are
included here.
2000 NOTE:
The 7-point scale version from both modes is represented here; both
telephone and FTF respondents were randomly selected for administration
of the traditional 7-pt scale version of this question or a branching
series.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720654
1976: V763287
1980: V800268
1984: V840372
1988: V880231
1992: V923515
1996: V960369
2000: V000455
2004: V043088
2016: V161128
2020: V201202
2024: V241179



VCF9089 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- DEFENSE SPENDING SCALE
Question
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people believe that we should spend much less money
for defense. Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1. Others feel that defense spending should be greatly
increased. Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.
And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere
in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate]
(on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people believe that we should spend much less money for defense.
Others feel that defense spending should be greatly increased.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992); telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘Haven’t thought much about it’ (before 1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Republican Presidential candidates: Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush Sr.
1988,1992; Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000.
In all years except 1996 and 2000, if R replied DK or ‘haven’t thought
much about it’ rating self on same 7-point scale, then R was not asked
this question.
In 1996 and later, randomization occurred for the order of the major
Presidential candidate names for this placement.
2000 NOTE:
Telephone respondents were administered a branching series instead and
are excluded here.
2012 NOTE:
The 7-point scale used in 2012 was not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800283
1984: V840396
1988: V880312
1992: V923708
1996: V960469
2000: V000593
2004: V043144
2016: V161183



VCF9090 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- COOPERATION WITH U.S.S.R. SCALE
Question
1980:
Some people feel it is important for us to try very hard to get along
with Russia. Others feel it is a big mistake to try too hard to get
along with Russia.
1984,1988:
Some people feel it is important for us to try to cooperate more with
Russia, while others believe we should be much tougher in our dealings
with Russia.
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Try to cooperate more with Russia (1984,1988)/ Important to try
very hard to get along with Russia (1980)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher with Russia (1984,1988)/Big mistake to try too hard
to get along with Russia
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9089.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V801080
1984: V840409
1988: V880370



VCF9091 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- WOMEN EQUAL ROLE SCALE
Question
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women’s
rights. Some people feel that women should have an equal
role with men in running business, industry, and
government. (Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1.) Others feel that a woman’s place is in the
home. (Suppose these people are at the other end, at
point 7.) And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Republican presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women’s rights. Some
people feel that women should have an equal role with men in running
business, industry, and government. Others feel that women’s place is
in the home.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women’s palce is in the home
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘Haven’t thought much about it’ (before 1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9089.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720233
1976: V763788
1980: V801096
1988: V880389
1996: V960545
2000: V000766
2004: V043198



VCF9092 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- AID TO BLACKS SCALE
Question
1972,1976,1980,1984 and 1988 FORM B:
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
(1972, 1976: possible) effort to improve the social and economic
position of blacks and other minority groups (1988 B: other minorities)
(1980: even if it means giving the preferential treatment). Others feel
that the government should not make any special effort to help
minorities because they should help themselves.
1988 Form A, 1996 AND LATER:
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks. Others
feel that the government should not make any special effort to help
blacks because they should help themselves.
2004:
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people feel that the government in Washington
should make every effort to improve the social and
economic position of blacks. (Suppose these people are
at one end of a scale, at point 1.) Others feel that
the government should not make any special effort to
help blacks because they should help themselves.
(Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.)
And, of course, some other people have opinions
somewhere in between, at points 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Where would you place [the Republican presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government should help Blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘Haven’t thought much about it’ (before 1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9089.
1988 NOTE:
Form A asked about ‘blacks’ only, while Form B asked about ‘blacks and
other minorities’ (to filter for Form A/B responses, use variable
VCF0012).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720630
1976: V763265
1980: V801064
1984: V840383
1988: V880334,V880342
1996: V960492
2000: V000656
2004: V043160
2012: aidblack_rpc
2016: V161200
2020: V201260
2024: V241257



VCF9093 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- GOVERNMENT HEALTH INSURANCE SCALE
Question
There is much concern about the rapid rise in medical and hospital
costs. Some feel there should be a government insurance plan which
would cover all medical and hospital expenses. Others feel that
medical expenses should be paid by individuals, and through private
insurance like Blue Cross.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government insurance plan
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Private insurance plan
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; Form II (1972)
0. ‘Haven’t thought much about it’ for Republican candidate’s rating (1988
only); R self-rating is DK or ‘Haven’t thought much about it’ on same 7pt
scale (1972,1976)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9089.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720209
1976: V763274
1988: V880320
1996: V960481
2012: inspre_rpc
2016: V161186
2020: V201254
2024: V241247



VCF9094 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- GOVERNMENT SERVICES-SPENDING SCALE
Question
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people think the government should provide fewer
services even in areas such as health and education
in order to reduce spending. Suppose these people are at
one end of a scale, at point 1. Other people feel it is
important for the government to provide many more services
even if it means an increase in spending. Suppose these
people are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course,
some other people have opinions somewhere in between,
at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Republican presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education in order to reduce spending.
Other people feel it is important for the government to provide many
more services even if it means an increase in spending.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Gov’t provide many fewer services, reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Gov’t provide many more services, increase spending a lot
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992); telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ on same 7pt scale
(before 1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9089.
1980 NOTE:
The 1980 version of the question in not comparable.
1984 NOTE:
In 1984 this question appeared in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are
included here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840376
1988: V880304
1992: V923702
1996: V960455
2000: V000563
2004: V043138
2012: spsrvpr_ssrpc
2016: V161180
2020: V201248
2024: V241241



VCF9095 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- GUARANTEED JOBS AND LIVING SCALE
Question
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people feel the government in Washington should see
to it that every person has a job and a good standard of
living. Suppose these people are at one end of a scale,
at point 1. Others think the government should just let
each person get ahead on their own. Suppose these people
are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course, some
other people have opinions somewhere in between, at
points 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Where would you place [the Republican presidential
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people feel the government in Washington should see to it that
every person has a job and a good standard of living.
Others think the government should just let each person get ahead on
his (1988 and after: their) own.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R) (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; Form II (1972); no Post IW; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992);
telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating is DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ on same 7pt scale
(before 1996 exc. 1988,1992)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9089.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720173
1976: V763242
1980: V801112
1984: V840415
1988: V880325
1992: V923719
1996: V960485
2000: V000626
2004: V043154
2012: guarpr_rpc
2016: V161191
2024: V241254



VCF9096 REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CAND- LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE SCALE
Question
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
Here is a 7-point scale on which the political views that people might
hold are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; mail questionnaire; no Post IW; R selected for branching series
version of this question (2000)
0. R did not rate self on same 7pt scale (see above)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See NOTE VCF9089.
GENERAL NOTE:
Republican Presidential candidates: Reagan 1980,1984; George Bush Sr.
1988,1992; Dole 1996; George W. Bush 2000.
In 1996 and later, randomization occurred for the order of the major
Presidential candidate names for this placement.
In 1972-1980, if R replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ in
rating self on same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this question.
[ NOTE that in 1972-1982 there was no follow-up question (‘if you had to
choose.’) for self-rating.]
In 1984,1988,1992, if R’s self-placement was NA on the 7-point scale,
then this question was not asked. If R replied ‘haven’t thought much
about it’ or DK to this same 7-point scale, then R was prompted, ‘If
you had to choose…’ If R’s response to the follow-up in 1984-1992
was DK, RF or NA, then R was not asked this question.
1972 NOTE:
Respondents in Post mail sample were not asked this question.
1980 NOTE:
In 1980, this question appeared in both the Pre and Post; Pre data are
included here.
2000 NOTE:
The 7-point scale version from both modes is represented here; both
telephone and FTF respondents were randomly selected for administration
of the traditional 7-pt scale version of this question or a branching
series.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720653
1976: V763287
1980: V800269
1984: V840371
1988: V880232
1992: V923514
1996: V960371
2000: V000465
2004: V043087
2012: libcpre_rpc
2016: V161129
2020: V201203
2024: V241180



VCF9097 DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND- WOMEN EQUAL ROLE SCALE
Question
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women’s rights. Some
people feel that women should have an equal role with men in running
business, industry, and government. Others feel that women’s place is
in the home.
Where would you place [the Democratic House Candidate] on this scale?
(7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women’s place is in the home
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’; no Democratic
candidate in district race (incl. Washington DC)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Responses responses for independent or ‘other’ candidate are not
included here for districts having only one major party candidate
(opposite party)..
In all years before 1998, if R replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much
about it’ in rating self on this same scale, then R was not asked this
question.
1998 NOTE 1:
Randomization occurred for the order of the 2 major party House
candidate names for this placement.
1998 NOTE 2:
If R did not recognize the name of the Democratic Candidate for the
thermometer rating, then this question was not asked.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780395
1980: V801099
1982: V820439
1998: V980451



VCF9098 DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND- AID TO BLACKS SCALE
Question
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
possible effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks
(1970: negroes) and other minority groups (1980: even if it means
giving them preferential treatment).
Others feel that the government should not make any special effort to
help minorities because they should help themselves.
Where would you place [the Democratic House candidate] on this scale?
(7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government should help Blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’; no Democratic
candidate in district race (incl. Washington DC)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9097.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780377
1980: V801067
1982: V820419



VCF9099 DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND- GOVERNMENT SERVICES-SPENDING SCALE
Question
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people think the government should provide fewer
services even in areas such as health and education
in order to reduce spending. Suppose these people are at
one end of a scale, at point 1. Other people feel it is
important for the government to provide many more services
even if it means an increase in spending. Suppose these
people are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course,
some other people have opinions somewhere in between,
at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Democratic house candidate]
(on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education in order to reduce spending.
Other people feel it is important for the government to provide many
more services even if it means an increase in spending.
Where would you place [the Democratic U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Gov’t provide many fewer services, reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Gov’t provide many more services, increase spending a lot
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; telephone (1984); no Post IW; telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’; no Democratic
candidate in district race (incl. Washington DC)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9097.
1996 NOTE 1:
Randomization occurred for the order of the 2 major party House
candidate names for this placement.
1996 NOTE 2:
If R did not recognize the name of the Democratic candidate for the
thermometer rating, then this question was not asked.
2000 NOTE:
This question was administered as a 7-point scale to FTF respondents
only; telephone respondents were administered a branching series and
are excluded here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1982: V820447
1984: V841031
1986: V860450
1990: V900454
1994: V940942
1996: V960459
1998: V980466
2000: V001391
2004: V045046,V045122



VCF9100 DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND- GUARANTEED JOBS AND LIVING SCALE
Question
Some people feel the government in Washington should see to it that
every person has a job and a good standard of living.
Others think the government should just let each person get ahead on
his own.
Where would you place [the Democratic U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; telephone (1984); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’; no Democratic
candidate in district race (incl. Washington DC)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9097.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780361
1980: V801115
1982: V820429
1984: V841051
1994: V940932
1998: V980460



VCF9101 DEMOCRATIC U.S. HOUSE CAND- LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE SCALE
Question
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
Here is a 7-point scale on which the political views that people might
hold are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place [the Democratic U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize (incl. no recognition onthermometer)
9. NA; no Post IW (1980,2000); telephone IW (2000)
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (see above); no
Democratic candidate in district race (incl. Washington DC)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9097.
1996 NOTE 1:
Randomization occurred for the order of the 2 major party House
candidate names for this placement.
1996 NOTE 2:
If R did not recognize the name of the Democratic candidate for the
thermometer rating, then this question was not asked.
2000 NOTE:
This question was administered as a 7-point scale to FTF respondents
only; telephone respondents were administered a branching series and
are excluded here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780404
1980: V801049
1982: V820401
1986: V860388
1990: V900409
1994: V940843
1996: V960375
1998: V980407
2000: V001378
2004: V045046,V045119



VCF9102 REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND- WOMEN EQUAL ROLE SCALE
Question
Recently there has been a lot of talk about women’s rights. Some
people feel that women should have an equal role with men in running
business, industry, and government. Others feel that women’s place is
in the home.
Where would you place [the Republican U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women’s place is in the home
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’; no Republican
candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Responses responses for independent or ‘other’ candidate are not
included here for districts having only one major party candidate
(opposite party)..
In all years before 1998, if R replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much
about it’ in rating self on this same scale, then R was not asked this
question.
1998 NOTE 1:
Randomization occurred for the order of the 2 major party House
candidate names for this placement.
1998 NOTE 2:
If R did not recognize the name of the Democratic Candidate for the
thermometer rating, then this question was not asked.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780396
1980: V801100
1982: V820440
1998: V980451



VCF9103 REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND- AID TO BLACKS SCALE
Question
Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every
(1978: possible) effort to improve the social and economic position of
blacks and other minority groups (1980: even if it means giving the
preferential treatment). Others feel that the government should not
make any special effort to help minorities because they should help
themselves.
Where would you place [the Republican U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government should help Blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’; no Republican
candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See VCF9102 NOTE.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780378
1980: V801068
1982: V820420



VCF9104 REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND- GOVERNMENT SERVICES-SPENDING SCALE
Question
2004:
Please look at page [page] of the booklet.
Some people think the government should provide fewer
services even in areas such as health and education
in order to reduce spending. Suppose these people are at
one end of a scale, at point 1. Other people feel it is
important for the government to provide many more services
even if it means an increase in spending. Suppose these
people are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course,
some other people have opinions somewhere in between,
at points 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Where would you place [the Republican U.S. house
candidate] (on this issue)?
ALL YEARS:
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education in order to reduce spending.
Other people feel it is important for the government to provide many
more services even if it means an increase in spending.
Where would you place [the Republican U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Gov’t provide many fewer services, reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Gov’t provide many more services, increase spending a lot
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; telephone IW (1984,2000); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’; no Republican
candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9102.
1996 NOTE 1:
Randomization occurred for the order of the 2 major party House
candidate names for this placement.
1996 NOTE 2:
If R did not recognize the name of the Democratic candidate for the
thermometer rating, then this question was not asked.
2000 NOTE:
This question was administered as a 7-point scale to FTF respondents
only; telephone respondents were administered a branching series and
are excluded here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1982: V820448
1984: V841032
1986: V860451
1990: V900455
1994: V940943
1996: V960460
1998: V980467
2000: V001397
2004: V045047,V045123



VCF9105 REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND- GUARANTEED JOBS AND LIVING SCALE
Question
Some people feel the government in Washington should see to it that
every person has a job and a good standard of living. Others think the
government should just let each person get ahead on his own.
Where would you place [the Republican U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; telephone IW (1984); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’; no Republican
candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9102.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780362
1980: V801116
1982: V820430
1984: V841052
1994: V940933
1998: V980461



VCF9106 REPUBLICAN U.S. HOUSE CAND- LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE SCALE
Question
We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives.
Here is a 7-point scale on which the political views that people might
hold are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative.
Where would you place [the Republican U.S. House Candidate] on this
scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize (incl. no recognition on thermometer)
9. NA; no Post IW; R selected for branching series version of this question
(2000)
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (see above); no
Republican candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9097.
1996 NOTE 1:
Randomization occurred for the order of the 2 major party House
candidate names for this placement.
1996 NOTE 2:
If R did not recognize the name of the Democratic candidate for the
thermometer rating, then this question was not asked.
2000 NOTE:
This question was administered as a 7-point scale to FTF respondents
only; telephone respondents were administered a branching series and
are excluded here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780405
1980: V801050
1982: V820402
1986: V860389
1990: V900411
1994: V940845
1996: V960377
1998: V980409
2000: V001380
2004: V045047,V045120



VCF9107 INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND- WOMEN EQUAL ROLE SCALE
Question
Women’s equal role – incumbent House cand placement on 7-point scale
Valid
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women’s place is in the home
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (see above); no
incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates. See VCF9097, VCF9102.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected). For
this year, the incumbent who represented R’s sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R’s ‘incumbent’. The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R’s sample
location) has been considered the ‘challenger’ to the running
incumbent.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF9108 INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND- AID TO BLACKS SCALE
Question
Aid to blacks – incumbent House cand placement on 7-point scale
Valid
1. Government should help Blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (see above); no
incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates. See VCF9098, VCF9103.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected). For
this year, the incumbent who represented R’s sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R’s ‘incumbent’. The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R’s sample
location) has been considered the ‘challenger’ to the running
incumbent.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF9109 INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND- GOVERNMENT SERVICES-SPENDING SCALE
Question
Govt services/spending – incumbent House cand placement on 7-point scale
Valid
1. Government should provide many fewer services: reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government should provide many more services: increase spending a lot
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize
9. NA; telephone IW (1984,2000); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (see above); no
incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates. See VCF9099, VCF9104.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected). For
this year, the incumbent who represented R’s sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R’s ‘incumbent’. The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R’s sample
location) has been considered the ‘challenger’ to the running
incumbent.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF9110 INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND- GUARANTEED JOBS AND LIVING SCALE
Question
Guaranteed jobs/living – incumbent House cand placement on 7-point scale
Valid
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize
9. NA; telephone (1984); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (see above); no
incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates. See VCF9100, VCF9105.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected). For
this year, the incumbent who represented R’s sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R’s ‘incumbent’. The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R’s sample
location) has been considered the ‘challenger’ to the running
incumbent.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF9111 INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND- LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE SCALE
Question
Liberal/conservative – incumbent House cand placement on 7-point scale
Valid
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW; R selected for branching series version of this question
(2000)
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (see above); no
incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates. See VCF9101, VCF9106.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected). For
this year, the incumbent who represented R’s sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R’s ‘incumbent’. The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R’s sample
location) has been considered the ‘challenger’ to the running
incumbent.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF9112 CHALLENGER TO INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND- WOMEN EQUAL ROLE SCALE
Question
Women’s equal role – challenger House cand placement on 7-point scale
Valid
1. Women and men should have an equal role
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Women’s place is in the home
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (see above); no
incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.); incumbent
unopposed
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates. See VCF9097, VCF9102.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected). For
this year, the incumbent who represented R’s sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R’s ‘incumbent’. The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R’s sample
location) has been considered the ‘challenger’ to the running
incumbent.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF9113 CHALLENGER TO INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND- AID TO BLACKS SCALE
Question
Aid to blacks – challenger House cand placement on 7-point scale
Valid
1. Government should help Blacks/minorities
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks/minorities should help themselves
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (see above); no
incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.); incumbent
unopposed
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates. See VCF9098, VCF9103.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected). For
this year, the incumbent who represented R’s sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R’s ‘incumbent’. The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R’s sample
location) has been considered the ‘challenger’ to the running
incumbent.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF9114 CHALLENGER TO INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND- GOVERNMENT SERVICES-SPENDING SCALE
Question
Govt services/spending – challenger House cand placement on 7-point
scale
Valid
1. Gov’t provide many fewer services, reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Gov’t provide many more services, increase spending a lot
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize
9. NA; telephone IW (1984,2000); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (see above); no
incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.); incumbent
unopposed
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates. See VCF9099, VCF9104.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected). For
this year, the incumbent who represented R’s sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R’s ‘incumbent’. The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R’s sample
location) has been considered the ‘challenger’ to the running
incumbent.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF9115 CHALLENGER TO INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND- GUARANTEED JOBS AND LIVING SCALE
Question
Guaranteed jobs/living – challenger House cand placement on 7-point
scale
Valid
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize
9. NA;telephone(1984); no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ (see above); no
incumbent candidate in district race (incl. Washington D.C.); incumbent
unopposed
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates. See VCF9100, VCF9105.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected). For
this year, the incumbent who represented R’s sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R’s ‘incumbent’. The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R’s sample
location) has been considered the ‘challenger’ to the running
incumbent.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF9116 CHALLENGER TO INCUMBENT U.S. HOUSE CAND- LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE SCALE
Question
Liberal/conservative – challenger House cand placement on 7-point scale
Valid
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate; middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative
Missing
8. DK/Don’t Recognize
9. NA; no Post IW; R selected for branching
series version of this question (2000)
0. R self-rating was DK or ‘haven’t thought much about
it’ (see above); no incumbent candidate in district
race (incl. Washington D.C.); incumbent unopposed
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
For all years, this var has been built from placements of Democratic
and Republican House candidates. See VCF9101, VCF9106.
1982 NOTE:
1982 study data included 2 sets of vars for 2 running incumbents due to
redistricting in two congressional districts (19 cases affected). For
this year, the incumbent who represented R’s sampling location BEFORE
the 1982 redistricting has been considered R’s ‘incumbent’. The other
candidate, the incumbent previously representing another Congressional
district (i.e., not previously representing the district of R’s sample
location) has been considered the ‘challenger’ to the running
incumbent.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z



VCF9117 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ON COOPERATION WITH USSR SCALE
Question
1980:
Some people feel it is important for us to try very hard to get along
with Russia. Others feel it is a big mistake to try too hard to get
along with Russia.
1984,1988:
Some people feel it is important for us to try to cooperate more with
Russia, while others believe we should be much tougher in our dealings
with Russia.
ALL YEARS:
Where would you place what the Federal Government is doing at the
present time? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Try to cooperate more with Russia (1984,1988)/ Important to try
very hard to get along with Russia (1980)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Get much tougher with Russia (1984,1988)/Big Mistake to try too
hard to get along with Russia
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK/‘haven’t thought much about it’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years, if R replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ in
rating self on this same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this
question.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V801091
1984: V840413
1988: V880372



VCF9118 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ON DEFENSE SPENDING SCALE
Question
Some people believe that we should spend much less money for defense.
Others feel that defense spending should be greatly increased.
Where would you place what the Federal Government is doing at the
present time? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Greatly increase defense spending
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992)
0. R self-rating was DK/‘haven’t thought much about it’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years, if R replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ in
rating self on this same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this
question.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800288
1982: V820414
1984: V840400
1986: V860414
1988: V880314
1990: V900445
1992: V923712



VCF9119 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ON AID TO BLACKS SCALE
Question
1980,1982,1984 and 1988 FORM B: Some people feel that the government
in Washington should make every effort to improve the social and
economic position of blacks and other minority groups (1988 B: other
minorities) (1980: even if it means giving the preferential
treatment). Others feel that the government should not make any
1988 Form A,1990 AND LATER: Some people feel that the government in
Washington should make every effort to improve the social and
economic position of blacks. Others feel that the government should
not make any special effort to help blacks because they should help
themselves.
ALL YEARS: Where would you place what the Federal Government is doing
at the present time? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government should help blacks (1988a)/minorities (1988b)/minority groups
(1980,1984)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Blacks (1988a)/Minorities (1988b)/Minority groups (1980,1984) should help
themselves
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW
0. R self-rating was DK/‘haven’t thought much about it’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years, if R replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ in
rating self on this same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this
question.
1988 NOTE:
Form A asked about ‘blacks’ only, while Form B asked about ‘blacks and
other minorities.’ (To filter for Form A/B responses, use variable
VCF0012.)
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V801075
1982: V820424
1984: V840387
1988: V880336,V880344
1990: V900451



VCF9120 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ON GOVERNMENT SERVICES/SPENDING SCALE
Question
Some people think the government should provide fewer services, even
in areas such as health and education in order to reduce spending.
Other people feel it is important for the government to provide many
more services even if it means an increase in spending.
Where would you place what the Federal Government is doing at the
present time? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Gov’t provide many fewer services, reduce spending a lot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Gov’t provide many more services, increase spending a lot
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992)
0. R self-rating was DK/‘haven’t thought much about it’
INAP, question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years, if R replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ in
rating self on this same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this
question.
1980 NOTE:
The 1980 version of this question is not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1982: V820451
1984: V840380
1986: V860457
1988: V880306
1990: V900458
1992: V923706



VCF9121 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ON GUARANTEED JOBS AND LIVING SCALE
Question
Some people feel the government in Washington should see to it that
every person has a job and a good standard of living.
Others think the government should just let each person get ahead on
his (1988: their) own.
Where would you place what the Federal Government is doing at the
present time? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Valid
1. Government see to job and good standard of living
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Government let each person get ahead on own
Missing
8. DK
9. NA; no Post IW; short-form or Spanish language IW (1992)
0. R self-rating was DK/‘haven’t thought much about it’
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
In all years, if R replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much about it’ in
rating self on this same 7-point scale, then R was not asked this
question.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V801123
1982: V820434
1984: V840419
1988: V880327
1992: V923723



VCF9122 NUMBER OF POLITICALLY ELIGIBLE ADULTS IN HH
Question
Household composition, number of politically eligible adults
Valid
1. One politically eligible adult
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Seven or more politically eligible adults
Missing
9. NA; Panel (1992,1996)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
ANES samples include eligible persons residing in the coterminous 48
states and not institutionalized. Eligible persons are those eligible
to vote by age and and U.S. citizen status.
1966 NOTE:
Politically eligible adults are represented from the primary family
unit only. 1966 Rs who were politically eligible but from a secondary
family unit (23 CASES) are missing data, code 9. ‘Politically eligible’
adults were citizens who were 18 or over in Georgia and Kentucky, 21 or
over elsewhere.
1968 NOTE:
‘Politically eligible’ adults were citizens who were 18 or over in
Georgia and Kentucky, 21 or over elsewhere.
1972-LATER NOTE:
Respondents were politically eligible if they were 18 or older by
election day and U.S. citizens.
2002 NOTE:
Respondents were politically eligible if they were 18 or older on
the day of interview and U.S. citizens.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1966: V660016
1968: V680020
1972: V720019
1974: VV74202
1976: V763021
1978: V780038
1980: V800043
1982: V820053
1984: V840070
1986: V860014
1988: V880091
1990: V900029
1992: V923076
1994: V940058
1996: V960046
1998: V980035
2000: V000039
2002: V021106
2004: V041102
2008: V081108a
2012: hhlist_elighhtot



VCF9123 NUMBER OF PRE-ELECTION INTERVIEWER CALLS
Question
Call number of last interviewer call to housing unit, pre-election.
Missing
99. NA; Web mode
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The actual number of telephone calls or personal trips made to the
household by the interviewer is coded here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800030
1984: V840039
1988: V880028
1992: V923032
1996: V960029
2000: V000027,V000028
2002: V022003
2004: V042010a
2008: V082007



VCF9124 NUMBER OF POST-ELECTION INTERVIEWER CALLS
Question
Call number of last interviewer call to housing unit, post-election.
Missing
99. NA; Web mode
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The actual number of telephone calls or personal trips made to the
household by the interviewer is coded here.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780035
1980: V800038
1982: V820043
1984: V840057
1986: V860011
1988: V880055
1990: V900037
1992: V925011
1994: V940043
1996: V960919
1998: V980022
2000: V000150,V000151
2002: V024003
2004: V044017
2008: V084007



VCF9125 POST-ELECTION PERSUASION LETTER 1978-2012
Question
Was a persuasion letter requested/sent to the respondent?
Valid
1. Yes
5. No
Missing
9. NA; no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
This is a post-election variable.
In 1980,1992,1996,2000 this question appeared in both the pre and
post; POST data are represented here.
2012 NOTE:
Refusal conversion letter.
2016 NOTE:
All Pre respondents were sent at least 1 letter in the Post
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780034
1980: V800034
1982: V820038
1986: V860010
1988: V880029
1990: V900036
1992: V925024
1994: V940093
1996: V960916
1998: V980018
2000: V000146
2002: V024020
2012: admin_post_ltr_refcon



VCF9131 LESS GOVERNMENT BETTER OR GOVERNMENT DO MORE
Question
Next, I am going to ask you to choose which of two statements
I read comes closer to your own opinion. You might agree to some
extent with both, but we want to know which one is closer to your
(2000: own) views:
ONE, the less government the better; or
TWO, there are more things that government should be doing
Valid
1. Less government the better
2. More things government should be doing
8. DK; both, depends (1990,1992)
Missing
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
The order in which items VCF9131-VCF9134 were administered may have
varied by study.
Interviewer instruction: [IF NECESSARY, PROBE ‘Which Closer’ ONCE EACH
QUESTION]
2000 NOTE:
A code for ‘both, depends’ was not used.
2004 NOTE:
A code for ‘both, depends’ was not used.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900333
1992: V925729
2000: V001420
2004: V045152
2012: govrole_lessmore
2016: V162185
2020: V202253
2024: V242246



VCF9132 GOVT HANDLE ECONOMY OR FREE MARKET CAN HANDLE
Question
Next, I am going to ask you to choose which of two statements
I read comes closer to your own opinion. You might agree to some
extent with both, but we want to know which one is closer to your
(2000: own) views:
ONE, we need a strong government to handle today’s complex
economic problems; or
TWO, the free market can handle these problems without government
being involved
Valid
1. Strong government
2. Free market
8. DK; both, depends (1990,1992)
Missing
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF9131.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900331
1992: V925730
2000: V001421
2004: V045151
2012: govrole_market
2016: V162184



VCF9133 GOVT TOO INVOLVED IN THINGS OR PROBLEMS REQUIRE
Question
Next, I am going to ask you to choose which of two statements
I read comes closer to your own opinion. You might agree to some
extent with both, but we want to know which one is closer to your
(2000: own) views:
ONE, the main reason government has become bigger over the years
is because it has gotten involved in things that people should
do for themselves; or
TWO, government has become bigger because the problems we face
have become bigger
Valid
1. Gotten involved in things
2. Problems we face are bigger
8. DK; both, depends (1990,1992)
Missing
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF9131.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900335
1992: V925731
2000: V001422
2004: V045150
2012: govrole_big
2016: V162183



VCF9134 MORE IMPORTANT TO BE COOPERATIVE OR SELF-RELIANT
Question
Next, I am going to ask you to choose which of two statements
I read comes closer to your own opinion. You might agree to some
extent with both, but we want to know which one is closer to your
(2000: own) views:
ONE, it is more important to be a cooperative person who works
well with others; or
TWO, it is more important to be a self-reliant person able to
take care of oneself
Valid
1. Cooperative
2. Self-reliant
8. DK; both, depends (1990)
Missing
9. NA; Form B (1990); no Post IW
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See notes VCF9131.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900334
2000: V001423



VCF9149 ELECTION OFFICE NUMBER
Question
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: Election Office Number
Valid
3-DigitNumber 1-182 Coded, Except:
Missing
998. R self-report registered outside of area, attempt made by phone to
elicit registration and vote information from outside area election
office (1984,1990 only)
000. Records not checked (1984,1986 only)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
Vars VCF9149-9155 are variables related to special Vote Validation
studies which have been conducted for some years of the ANES time
series. Vote validation studies were conducted in 1964, 1976, 1978,
1980, 1984, 1986, 1988, and 1990. Information available in the
Study data across these years varies in completeness and coding; for
some of these years the Study data do not provide information (or
sufficient information) to code some variables VCF9149-9155.
This is the jurisdiction, county or municipality in which
registration and voting records are located for persons living in the
particular sample segment in which R was living when interviewed.
In 1988 and 1990 only, if records were not checked for R, the vote
validation office number which would have been assigned to R if
his/her records had been checked was coded.
In 1984 and 1990 only, if R reported that s/he was registered outside
of the sample area, telephone contact with the outside election
office was made to attempt to elicit registration and vote information
about R. In 1986 and 1988, no such attempt was made, and Rs who self-
reported their registration outside the sample area were not included
in vote validation checks for those years.
Note that in 1986 1 case coded 87 and 2 cases coded 152 in the
original office number variable (VCF0772) should have been MD (records
not checked/ registered out of area); they are corrected here (000).
For a description of cases in code 000 SEE VCF9152 (codes 2-7).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V841120
1986: V860772
1988: V881117
1990: V900714



VCF9150 R REGISTRATION STATUS (SELF-REPORTED)
Question
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: R Registration Status (Self-reported)
Valid
1. Yes, implicit (R self-report voted)
2. Yes, explicit
3. No, not registered; DK; NA; etc.
Missing
0. no Post IW (no self-report of registration) (1980,1984,1988)
INAP. question not used
Notes
See NOTE VCF9149.
GENERAL NOTE:
CODE 1: Respondents who said that they voted have implicitly claimed
to be registered to vote (even ‘same-day registration’ states usually
require registration).
CODE 2: Only those who said that they did not vote are explicitly
asked if they were registered so they could have voted.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1978: V780470,V780484
1980: V800988,V801011
1984: V840783,V84080
1986: V860276
1988: V881144
1990: V900279,V900280
2012: prevote_voted, postvote_rvote



VCF9151 R TURNOUT (SELF-REPORTED)
Question
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: R Turnout (Self-reported)
Valid
1. Yes, voted
5. No, did not vote
Missing
8. DK; NA; refused
9. 1976 non-Panel Rs
0. no Post IW (no self-report of vote)
INAP. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See NOTE VCF9149
1976 NOTE:
Only 1976 time-series respondents who also participated in the 1972-
1974-1976 panel study (ICPSR 7607) were included in 1976 vote
validation. In vars 9151,9152,9154,9155, 1976 prepost Rs who did
not also participate in the panel study are INAP.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640286
1976: V763655
1978: V780470
1980: V800988
1984: V840783
1986: V860261
1988: V880756,V881147
1990: V900279



VCF9152 ATTEMPTED VALIDATION OF REGISTRATION
Question
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: Attempted Validation of Registration
Valid
1. Yes, attempted
2. No: R says is not registered (1984-1990); R says not required/DK/NA if
registered (1984-1990)
3. No: No respondent named and/or insufficient address (all years);
registerd out of area (except 1984,1990); Washington DC [Note:
code 2 has priority]
4. No: Same-day registration (1964,1980)
5. No: Records not sent out due to: Office error (1980);
No Post IW (1964,some cases in 1976)
7. No: Office refuses all access to registration records
Missing
0. 1976 non-Panel Rs
INAP. question not used
Notes
See NOTE VCF9149.
GENERAL NOTE:
Code 1: For 1984 and 1990, code 1 includes telephone attempts at
validation of cases registered outside of sample area (998 in
VCF9149). Similar attempts were not made in other years. For 1980,
code 1 includes 31 cases (code 9 in original var 1207) where respondent
was discovered to be registered at a different address: NOTE, however,
that for these cases no effort was subsequently made to
Code 2: Applies to 1984-1990 only. In 1984-1990, vote validation
was intended for Rs who: 1) reported that they voted; or 2) reported
that they didn’t vote but were registered; or 3) had no post IW.
That is, in years 1984-1990, POST RS WHO DID NOT REPORT THAT THEY WERE
REGISTERED WERE NOT VALIDATED.
Codes 3-7: All years: complications in the ability to carry out
registration records-checks prevented the validation of registration
status for some Rs for whom validation was originally intended.
Validation was intended in 1984-90 for all Rs except nonvoters who
didn’t report being registered. Prior to 1984, vote validation was
intended for all ANES respondents [exception: alidation was not
intended for 1964 no-posts (code 5). Validation was not intended for
1976 no-posts, however ANES was able to carry out validation for some
1976 no-posts.]
Code 4: although registration status was not checked (assumed
unnecessary), voting records WERE checked (for 1980, 1 in VCF9153).
1986 NOTE:
4 cases for which validation was not attempted (due to insufficient
address, no name, or registered out of area) were mistakenly coded
‘attempted.’ They are corrected in VCF9152 (code 3) and in VCF9154-
9155 (code 0).
1976 NOTE:
Only 1976 time-series respondents who also participated in the 1972-
1974-1976 panel study (ICPSR 7607) were included in 1976 vote
validation. In vars 9151,9152,9154,9155, 1976 prepost Rs who did not
also participate in the panel study are INAP.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640423,V64042
1976: V765003
1978: V781400
1980: V801207
1984: V841132
1986: V860798
1988: V881143
1990: V900712



VCF9153 STATUS OF OFFICE VOTING RECORDS
Question
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: Status of Office Voting Records
Valid
1. Office records appear to be adequate, no information about deficiencies
2. Some office voting records not accessible
3. R’s name unknown and/or insufficient address and/or registered out of area
(not 1984,1986: see code 0)
5. No office voting records accessible
Missing
8. DK (1980: 0,9 in orig. dataset var 1207: 27 cases office error [5 in
VCF9152] and 31 cases registered at different address [see note VCF9152];
1976: 5 in VCF9152, records not sent to field)
9. Office refused (7 in VCF9152)
0. Office not identified (0 in VCF9149: 1984,1986 only); 1976 non-Panel Rs
INAP. question not used
Notes
See NOTE VCF9149,VCF9152.
GENERAL NOTE:
This variable basically describes conditions at the records office
identified in VCF9149:
A- If R’s election office was identified in VCF9149 then VCF9153 has
been coded– regardless whether R was validated or not
applies specifically to 1988,1990).
B- In 1984 and 1986, R’s records office was not identified if R
was unvalidated (0 in VCF9149): 1984 and 1986 unvalidated Rs
appear in MD code 0.
C- Records offices were not identified at all prior to 1984,
however some (limited) information about cases of inaccessibility
of voting records was obtained during 1980, 1978 and 1976. NOTE
that all 1976-1980 cases have been coded 1 except for such
exceptions (described below and coded 5) and for name/address
problems (code 3).
In 1978 and 1976, identification of records office (VCF9149) was not
established, and minimal information about condition/accessibility of
office records was collected. Information available from 1978 is
that in 32 cases (8 in original var 1409) of Rs with active
registration (coded 1 in VCF9152), interviewers were unable to check
voting records at all: these cases have been coded 5 in VCF9153.
Similarly, information available from 1976 indicates that in 31 cases
of Rs (weighted: code 8 in original var 5012) with active
registration status (coded 1 in VCF9152), interviewers were unable to
check vote records: these cases have also been coded 5 in VCF9153.
No cases in VCF9153 are coded 2 for 1978 or 1976.
Code 1: 1984: includes 40 cases which were coded 67, 68, or 998 in
VCF9149 (election office) and which were labeled ‘problem with
registration records’ in the original dataset’s variable (V1129).
For all but 11 of these 40 cases, however, a voting record was found,
and, of the 11 for whom no voting record was subsequently found, 7 were
cases of telephone (limited) attempt at validation.
Code 3: Except for 1984 and 1986, code 3 encompasses situations in
which it was impossible to check specifically for R’s records.
Information identical to code 3 for 1984 and 1986 is found in
VCF9152 code 3.
Code 5: 1984: No cases appear in code 5 for 1984, because the
original dataset variable combined cases of voting records ‘wholly OR
partially unavailable’ into a single code category (contained here in
code 2).
CODE ANNOTATION:
* 1988: election offices 65,75,80,81,89,90,110,111
* 1986: election offices 3,17,37-39,50,75,111,125,145,156.
* 1984: election offices 61,65,76,79,82
** 1990: 9 in orig. dataset var V2003
** 1988: 2,9 in orig. dataset var V1143.
*** 1990: election office 182
*** 1988: code 1 in orig. dataset var 1145 [all cases, election
office 76]
*** 1986: election offices 68,69,79 and 1 case election office
169 (3 other cases in 169 coded 1 in VCF9153 in
accordance with original dataset)
*** 1976-1980: see above
1980 NOTE:
Identification of records office (VCF9149) was not established, and
minimal information about condition/accessibility of office records was
collected. Information available is that in 1980 in Montgomery County
Alabama, Madison County Alabama, and Acadia Parish Lousiana, the
electoral offices would not allow any voting records to be accessible
(20 cases, 5 in VCF9153)– although the office had already allowed
verification of registration status (coded 1 in VCF9152). There are no
cases in code 2 for 1980.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1976: V765011
1978: V781409
1980: V801207
1984: V841129
1986: V860800
1988: V881117,V881143,V881145
1990: V900712,V900730



VCF9154 WAS R REGISTRATION VALIDATED
Question
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: Was R Registration Validated
Valid
1. Yes, a registration record was found that matches
2. A registration record was found but it is inactive/purged/to be processed
(1976,1978,1984-1990 only, see note above)
5. No registration record was found
Missing
8. DK (1980 ONLY: code 9 in original var 1207, 31 cases registered at
different address)
0. 3,7 in VCF9152 (all years); 2 in VCF9152 (1984-1990 only); 5 in VCF9152
(1964,1976,1980 only); 4 in VCF9152 (1964,1980 only)
9. 1976 non-Panel Rs
INAP. question not used
Notes
See NOTE VCF9149,VCF9152.
GENERAL NOTE:
NOTE that information describing status [code 2] of non-active files
was not collected systematically before 1984. Non-active-
registration cases prior to 1984 appear in either code 1 or code 5,
with the following exceptions: in 1978, original var 1408 indicated
whether registration records were eligible/active on election day (or
ineligible/inactive); 53 cases of inactive registration in 1978 have
been coded 2. Similarly, in 1976, original var 5003 indicated a
registration record but inactive for 70 cases, who have been coded 2
in VCF9154.
Code 1 includes several cases identified as ‘registration record
found, NA if active/inactive’ (applies specifically to 1988,1990).
Code 2 for 1990 includes 1 case of ‘other’ inactive file and 2 cases
of ‘NA’ type of inactive file.
1976 NOTE:
Only 1976 time-series respondents who also participated in the 1972-
1974-1976 panel study (ICPSR 7607) were included in 1976 vote
validation. In vars 9151,9152,9154,9155, 1976 prepost Rs who did not
also participate in the panel study are INAP.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640423,V64042
1976: V765002,V765003
1978: V781400,V781408
1980: V801207
1984: V841121
1986: V860773,V86077
1988: V881146
1990: V900748



VCF9155 WAS R VOTE VALIDATED
Question
VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: Was R Vote Validated
Valid
1. Yes
3. Registration record was found, no record of R voting
5. No registration record found; no record of voting
found
Missing
0. 3,7 in VCF9152 (all years); 2 in VCF9152 (1984
1990 only); 5 in VCF9152 (1964,1976); 5 in VCF9152 or
8 in VCF9153 (1980 only)
9. 1976 non-Panel Rs
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
GENERAL NOTE:
See note VCF9149,VCF9152.
Code 3 and code 5 include cases of limited access to vote records
(codes 2 and 5 in VCF9153). Codes 3 and 5 also incorporate 1984 and
1990 cases of attempted validation by phone of Rs registered out of
area (998 in VCF9149).
In cases where registration is not required or where voting and
registration lists are for some reason kept entirely separate, this
code implies that an independent check for voting was also done and no
record of R voting was found.
In all Pre-Post years except 1964 (and some cases in 1976), this
variable includes in valid codes respondents who did not give a post-
election interview.
1964 and 1980 are the only years with cases categorized for same-day
registration. Registration was not ‘checked’ in such cases but voting
records WERE checked (4 in VCF9152 and [1980] 1 in VCF9153). The
results of the vote record checks for “same-day registration” Rs in
1964 and 1980 are represented here in codes 1 (voted) and 3 (did not
vote), with nocases of same-day registration coded 5.
1976 NOTE;
Only 1976 time-series respondents who also participated in the 1972-
1974-1976 panel study (ICPSR 7607) were included in 1976 vote
validation. In vars VCF9151,9152,9154,9155, 1976 prepost Rs who did
not also participate in the panel study are INAP.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1964: V640423,V640424,V64042
1976: V765002,V765012
1978: V781400,V781409,V781411
1980: V801206
1984: V841121,V84113
1986: V860773,V860778,V860789,V86080
1988: V881148
1990: V900754,V900756



VCF9201 CSES: LIKE-DISLIKE (11PT) SCALE PLACEMENT FOR DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
(I’d like to know what you think about each of our political parties.
After I read the name of a political party, please rate it on a scale
from 0 to 10, where 0 means you strongly dislike that party and 10
means that you strongly like that party.
If I come to a party you haven’t heard of or you feel you do not know
enough about, just say so.)
[The first party is: / Using the same scale where would you place:]
the Democratic party
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON’T KNOW}
Valid
0. Strongly dislike
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Strongly like
Missing
-7. Haven’t heard of (2008,2012 only)
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Administered with Respondent Booklet.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1996: V961470
2004: V045257
2008: V085187a
2012: cses_dptylike
2016: V162283
2020: V202433
2024: V242432



VCF9202 CSES: LIKE-DISLIKE (11PT) SCALE PLACEMENT FOR REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
(I’d like to know what you think about each of our political parties.
After I read the name of a political party, please rate it on a scale
from 0 to 10, where 0 means you strongly dislike that party and 10
means that you strongly like that party.
If I come to a party you haven’t heard of or you feel you do not know
enough about, just say so.)
[The first party is: / Using the same scale where would you place:]
the Republican party
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON’T KNOW}
Valid
0. Strongly dislike
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Strongly like
Missing
-7. Haven’t heard of (2008,2012 only)
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Administered with Respondent Booklet.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1996: V961471
2004: V045258
2008: V085187b
2012: cses_rptylike
2016: V162284
2020: V202434
2024: V242433



VCF9203 CSES: DO ANY OF THE PARTIES IN THE U.S. REPRESENT R’S VIEW REASONABLY WELL
Question
Would you say that any of the parties in the United States represents
your views reasonably well?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON’T KNOW}
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2004: V045248
2008: V085185
2016: V162278
2020: V202428



VCF9204 CSES: WHICH POLITICAL PARTY IS IT THAT REPRESENTS R’S VIEWS BEST
Question
(Would you say that any of the parties in the United States represents
your views reasonably well?)
Which party represents your views best?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON’T KNOW}
Valid
1. Democratic
2. Republican
7. Other {SPECIFY}
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; skip: no party represents views; no Post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2004: V045248a
2008: V085185a
2016: V162279
2020: V202429



VCF9205 WHICH PARTY WOULD DO A BETTER JOB HANDLING THE NATION’S ECONOMY
Question
Which party do you think would do a better job of handling the nation’s
economy, the Democrats, the Republicans, or wouldn’t there be much
difference between them?
{1996: IF ‘NO DIFFERENCE’ AND ‘NEITHER PARTY’ ARE VOLUNTEERED, DO NOT
PROBE RESPONSES.
2000-later: IF ‘DK’ OR ‘NEITHER PARTY’ IS VOLUNTEERED, DO NOT PROBE]}
Valid
1. Democrats
2. No difference
3. Republican
7. Neither party {VOL} (exc. 1996,2004)
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
1992 NOTE:
Respondent booklet used.
1996,2002-later:
Order of parties was randomized in the question text.
In 2020, the response options changed slightly: 1. Democrats would do a much better job 2. Democrats would do a somewhat better job 3. Not much difference between them 4. Republicans would do a somewhat better job 5. Republicans would do a much better job. In VCF9205, response options 1 and 2 were coded “1” (Democrats) while 4 and 5 were coded “3” (Republicans).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1990: V900390
1992: V923545
1994: V940829
1996: V960397
2000: V000505
2002: V023031
2004: V043109
2008: V083093
2012: ptyperf_ptyecon
2016: V161144
2020: V201239
2024: V241236



VCF9206 BETTER WHEN ONE PARTY CONTROLS BOTH THE PRESIDENCY AND U.S. CONGRESS OR WHEN CONTROL IS SPLIT
Question
Do you think it is better when one party controls both the presidency
and Congress; better when control is split between the Democrats and
Republicans, or doesn’t it matter?
Valid
1. One party control both
2. Control is split
3. It doesn’t matter
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V925732
1998: V980426
2000: V000397
2002: V023021
2004: V043060
2008: V083053
2012: divgov_splitgov
2016: V161136
2020: V201227
2024: V241220



VCF9207 CSES: LIKE-DISLIKE (11PT) SCALE PLACEMENT FOR DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE
Question
1996:
And now, using the same scale, I’d like to ask you how
much you like or dislike some political leaders. Again,
if I come to a leader you haven’t heard of or you feel
you do not know enough about, just say so.
The first political leader is:
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-
2008,2012:
(And what do you think of the presidential candidates?
After I read the name of a presidential candidate, please
rate them on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means you
strongly dislike that candidate and 10 means that you strongly
like that candidate. If I come to a presidential candidate
you haven’t heard of or you feel you do not know enough
about, just say so.)
[The first is: / Using the same scale, where would you place:]
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-
2016:
Using the same scale, where would you place:
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-
Valid
0. Strongly dislike
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Strongly like
Missing
-7. Haven’t heard of (2008,2012 only)
-8. DK
-9. NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Administered with Respondent Booklet.
2016 NOTE:
Administration for Presidential candidates were asked after
administration for parties, without separate introduction.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1996: V961473
2008: V085188b
2012: cses_dpclike
2016: V162285
2020: V202435
2024: V242434



VCF9208 CSES: LIKE-DISLIKE (11PT) SCALE PLACEMENT FOR REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE
Question
1996:
And now, using the same scale, I’d like to ask you how
much you like or dislike some political leaders. Again,
if I come to a leader you haven’t heard of or you feel
you do not know enough about, just say so.
The first political leader is:
-Republican Presidential candidate name-
2008,2012:
(And what do you think of the presidential candidates?
After I read the name of a presidential candidate, please
rate them on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means you
strongly dislike that candidate and 10 means that you strongly
like that candidate. If I come to a presidential candidate
you haven’t heard of or you feel you do not know enough
about, just say so.)
[The first is: / Using the same scale, where would you place:]
-Republican Presidential candidate name-
2016:
Using the same scale, where would you place:
-Republican Presidential candidate name-
Valid
0. Strongly dislike
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Strongly like
Missing
-7. Haven’t heard of (2008,2012 only)
-8. DK
-9. NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Administered with Respondent Booklet.
2016 NOTE:
Administration for Presidential candidates were asked after
administration for parties, without separate introduction.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1996: V961474
2008: V085188a
2012: cses_rpclike
2016: V162286
2020: V202436
2024: V242435



VCF9209 HOW WELL DOES PROVIDES STRONG LEADERSHIP DESCRIBE: DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE (NO RB, 5 CAT)
Question
[Think about
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
‘he provides strong leadership’
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly
well, or not well at all?
/
(What about)
‘provides strong leadership’?
(Does this phrase describe
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly well, or
not well at all?)]
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain “Think about…”
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083100b
2012: ctrait_dpclead
2016: V161159
2020: V201208
2024: V241200



VCF9210 HOW WELL DOES REALLY CARES ABOUT PEOPLE LIKE YOU DESCRIBE: DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE (NO RB, 5 CAT)
Question
[Think about
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
‘he really cares about people like you’
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly
well, or not well at all?
/
(What about)
‘really cares about people like you’?
(Does this phrase describe
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly well, or
not well at all?)]
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain “Think about…”
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083100c
2012: ctrait_dpccare
2016: V161160
2020: V201209
2024: V241201



VCF9211 HOW WELL DOES KNOWLEDGEABLE DESCRIBE: DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE (NO RB, 5 CAT)
Question
2[Think about
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
‘he is knowledgeable’
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly
well, or not well at all?
/
(What about)
‘knowledgeable’?
(Does this phrase describe
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly well, or
not well at all?)]
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain “Think about…”
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083100d
2012: ctrait_dpcknow
2016: V161161
2020: V201210
2024: V241202



VCF9212 HOW WELL DOES HONEST DESCRIBE: DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE (NO RB, 5 CAT)
Question
[Think about
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
‘he is honest’
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly
well, or not well at all?
/
(What about)
‘honest’?
(Does this phrase describe
-Democratic Presidential candidate name-
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly well, or
not well at all?)]
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain “Think about…”
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083100f
2012: ctrait_dpchonst
2016: V161162
2020: V201211
2024: V241203



VCF9213 HOW WELL DOES PROVIDES STRONG LEADERSHIP DESCRIBE: REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE (NO RB, 5 CAT)
Question
[Think about
-Republican Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
‘he provides strong leadership’
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly
well, or not well at all?
/
(What about)
‘provides strong leadership’?
(Does this phrase describe
-Republican Presidential candidate name-
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly well, or
not well at all?)]
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain “Think about…”
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083102b
2012: ctrait_rpclead
2016: V161164
2020: V201212
2024: V241205



VCF9214 HOW WELL DOES REALLY CARES ABOUT PEOPLE LIKE YOU DESCRIBE: REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE (NO RB, 5 CAT)
Question
[Think about
-Republican Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
‘he really cares about people like you’
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly
well, or not well at all?
/
(What about)
‘really cares about people like you’?
(Does this phrase describe
-Republican Presidential candidate name-
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly well, or
not well at all?)]
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain “Think about…”
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083102c
2012: ctrait_rpccare
2016: V161165
2020: V201213
2024: V241206



VCF9215 HOW WELL DOES KNOWLEDGEABLE DESCRIBE: REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE (NO RB, 5 CAT)
Question
[Think about
-Republican Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
‘he is knowledgeable’
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly
well, or not well at all?
/
(What about)
‘knowledgeable’?
(Does this phrase describe
-Republican Presidential candidate name-
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly well, or
not well at all?)]
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain “Think about…”
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083102d
2012: ctrait_rpcknow
2016: V161166
2020: V201214
2024: V241207



VCF9216 HOW WELL DOES HONEST DESCRIBE: REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE (NO RB, 5 CAT)
Question
[Think about
-Republican Presidential candidate name-.
In your opinion, does the phrase
‘he is honest’
describe -name- extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly
well, or not well at all?
/
(What about)
‘honest’?
(Does this phrase describe
-Republican Presidential candidate name-
extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly well, or
not well at all?)]
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
The order of candidates and order of traits were randomized.
For the first trait administered, wording begain “Think about…”
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083102f
2012: ctrait_rpchonst
2016: V161167
2020: V201215
2024: V241208



VCF9217 DOES R APPROVE OR DISAPPROVE OF THE WAY CURRENT U.S. PRESIDENT IS HANDLING FOREIGN RELATIONS
Question
Do you approve or disapprove of the way -President name- is
handling (1984,1988-2004: our) relations with foreign countries?
Valid
1. Approve
2. Disapprove
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
1996 NOTE:
The order of Presidential performance items was randomized.
2000 NOTE:
The order of Presidential performance items was randomized.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1984: V840264
1988: V880255
1990: V900102
1992: V923321
1994: V940205
1996: V960299
1998: V980220
2000: V000515
2002: V023034
2004: V043028
2008: V083030
2012: presapp_foreign
2016: V161084
2020: V201133
2024: V241144



VCF9218 DOES R APPROVE OR DISAPPROVE OF THE WAY CURRENT U.S. PRESIDENT IS HANDLING HEALTH CARE
Question
Do you approve or disapprove of the way -President name- is
handling health care?
Valid
1. Approve
2. Disapprove
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
1996 NOTE:
The order of Presidential performance items was randomized.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1996: V960303
2008: V083032
2012: presapp_health
2016: V161085
2020: V201136



VCF9219 CURRENT U.S. PRESIDENT RETROSPECTIVE: U.S. MORE OR LESS SECURE, OR NOT CHANGED
Question
2000:
Would you say that compared to 1992, the United States
is more secure from its foreign enemies, less secure, or
hasn’t this changed very much?
2008:
Would you say that compared to 2000, the United States is
more secure from its foreign enemies, less secure, or hasn’t
this changed very much?
2012,2016:
Would you say that compared to 2008, the United States is
more secure from its foreign enemies, less secure, or hasn’t
this changed very much?
Valid
1. More secure
2. No change
3. Less secure
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data; half sample administration (2000)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2000: V000823,V001605
2008: V083180
2012: presadm_secure
2016: V161234



VCF9220 CURRENT U.S. PRESIDENT RETROSPECTIVE (SINCE BEGINNING OF TERM): ECONOMY BETTER, WORSE, OR SAME
Question
1992:
Compared to four years ago, would you say that the
nation’s economy has gotten better, stayed about the same,
or gotten worse?
2000:
Would you say that compared to 1992, the nation’s
economy is better, worse, or about the same?
2004:
Would you say that compared to 2000, the nation’s
economy is better, worse, or about the same?
2016:
Would you say that compared to 2008, the nation’s
economy is now better, worse, or about the same?
Valid
1. Gotten better
2. Stayed the same
3. Gotten worse
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short or Spanish questionnaire (1992); half sample administration
(2000)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
This describes the change in the economy since the current President
was first elected. 1992: George Bush Sr., 2000: Bill Clinton,
2004: George W. Bush, 2016: Barack Obama.
Wording in 1998 was not comparable (“since Clinton took office”).
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923535
2000: V000814,V001596
2004: V043213
2016: V161235



VCF9221 CSES: HOW GOOD OR BAD A JOB HAS THE GOVERNMENT DONE IN GENERAL OVER THE LAST TERM OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION
Question
Now thinking about the performance of the government in Washington
in general, how good or bad a job do you think the government in
Washington has done over the past four years.
Has it done a very good job? A good job? A bad job? A very
bad job?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON’T KNOW}
Valid
1. Very good job
2. Good job
3. Bad job
4. Very bad job
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2004: V045240
2008: V085184
2016: V162277
2020: V202427



VCF9222 ARE THINGS IN THIS COUNTRY ON THE RIGHT TRACK OR HAVE THINGS SERIOUSLY GOTTEN OFF ON THE WRONG TRACK
Question
Do you feel things in this country are generally going in the right
direction, or do you feel things have pretty seriously gotten off
on the wrong track?
Valid
1. Right direction
2. Wrong track
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923526
1994: V940901
1998: V980413
2004: V043034x
2008: V083027
2012: presapp_track
2016: V161081
2020: V201114
2024: V241117



VCF9223 HOW LIKELY IS IT THAT RECENT IMMIGRATION LEVELS WILL TAKE JOBS AWAY FROM PEOPLE ALREADY HERE
Question
How likely is it that recent immigration levels will take jobs away
from people already here– extremely likely, very likely, somewhat
likely, or not at all likely?
Valid
1. Extremely likely
2. Very likely
3. Somewhat likely
4. Not at all likely
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no Post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2004: V045116
2008: V085083
2012: immigpo_jobs
2016: V162158
2020: V202233
2024: V242228



VCF9224 IS R INVESTED IN THE STOCK MARKET
Question
Do you personally, or jointly with a spouse, have any money invested
in the stock market right now – either in an individual stock or
in a mutual fund?
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Breakoff (sufficient partial IW) cases from 2020 have been coded -9
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1998: V980425
2000: V000504
2002: V023142
2004: V043065
2008: V083059
2012: wealth_stocks
2016: V161350
2020: V201606
2024: V241554



VCF9225 HAS UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE COUNTRY GOTTEN BETTER, STAYED THE SAME, OR GOTTEN WORSE IN THE PAST YEAR
Question
Would you say that over the past year, the level of unemployment
in the country has gotten better, stayed about the same, or
gotten worse?
Valid
1. Better
2. Stayed same
3. Worse
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (1986); programming error (2004)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860377
1988: V880239
1992: V923527
2004: V043101
2008: V083087
2012: econ_unpast
2016: V161142
2020: V201331
2024: V241298



VCF9226 MUCH OR SOMEWHAT THAT THE LEVEL OF UNEMPLOYMENT HAS GOTTEN BETTER/WORSE
Question
(Would you say that over the past year, the level of unemployment
in the country has gotten better, stayed about the same, or
gotten worse?)
Would you say much better or somewhat better? /
Would you say much worse or somewhat worse?
Valid
1. Much better
2. Somewhat better
3. Same
4. Somewhat worse
5. Much worse
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; DK/RF/NA whether better or worse; half sample administration (1986);
programming error (2004)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860378
1988: V880240
1992: V923528
2004: V043102
2008: V083087x
2012: econ_unpast_x
2016: V161142x
2020: V201333x



VCF9227 DOES R THINK THE DIFFERENCE IN INCOMES BETWEEN RICH AND POOR IN THE U.S. IS LARGER, SMALLER, OR ABOUT THE SAME AS 20 YEARS AGO
Question
Do you think the difference in incomes between rich people and
poor people in the United States today is larger, smaller, or
about the same as it was 20 years ago?
Valid
1. Larger
2. About the same
3. Smaller
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2004: V045113
2008: V085080
2012: ineq_incgap
2016: V161137
2020: V201397



VCF9228 MUCH OR SOMEWHAT LARGER/SMALLER GAP IN INCOMES BETWEEN RICH AND POOR IN THE U.S. THAN 20 YEARS AGO
Question
(Do you think the difference in incomes between rich people and
poor people in the United States today is larger, smaller, or
about the same as it was 20 years ago?)
Would you say the difference in incomes is) much larger
or somewhat larger? /
Would you say the difference in incomes is) much smaller
or somewhat smaller?
Valid
1. Much larger
2. Somewhat larger
3. About the same
4. Somewhat smaller
5. Much smaller
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; DK/RF/NA whether larger or smaller; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2004: V045113a
2008: V085080a
2012: ineq_incgap_x
2016: V161138x
2020: V201400x



VCF9229 WILL UNEMPLOYMENT GET BETTER, STAY THE SAME, OR GET WORSE IN THE NEXT 12 MONTHS
Question
How about people out of work during the coming 12 months– do you
think that there will be more unemployment than now, about the
same, or less?
Valid
1. More unemployment
2. About the same
3. Less unemployment
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data; programming error (2004)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V926152
2004: V043103
2008: V083088
2012: econ_unnext
2016: V161143
2020: V201334
2024: V241301



VCF9230 SHOULD THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENCOURAGE OR DISCOURAGE AMERICAN COMPANIES TO REPLACE U.S. WORKERS WITH FOREIGN WORKERS, OR STAY OUT
Question
Recently, some big American companies have been hiring workers
in foreign countries to replace workers in the U.S.
Do you think the federal government should discourage
companies from doing this, encourage companies to do this, or
stay out of this matter?
Valid
1. Discourage companies
2. Should stay out of this matter
3. Encourage companies
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2004: V045142
2008: V085103
2012: outsource_enc
2016: V162177



VCF9231 DOES R FAVOR OR OPPOSE PLACING LIMITS ON IMPORTS TO PROTECT AMERICAN JOBS (OR HAVEN’T YOU THOUGHT MUCH ABOUT THIS)
Question
Some people have suggested placing new limits on foreign
imports in order to protect American jobs. Others say that
such limits would raise consumer prices and hurt American
exports. Do you favor or oppose placing new limits on
imports, or haven’t you thought much about this?
Valid
1. Favor new limits
2. Oppose new limits
Missing
-7. Haven’t thought
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data; half sample administration (2000)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880376
1992: V923802
1996: V961327
1998: V980490
2000: V000511a
2004: V045114
2008: V085081
2012: imports_limit
2016: V162152b
2020: V202229
2024: V242224



VCF9232 DOES R FAVOR OR OPPOSE THE U.S. GOVERNMENT TORTURING PEOPLE WHO ARE SUSPECTED OF BEING TERRORISTS, TO TRY TO GET INFORMATION
Question
Do you favor, oppose, or neither favor nor oppose the U.S.
government torturing people, who are suspected of being
terrorists, to try to get information?
Valid
1. Favor
2. Neither favor nor oppose
3. Oppose
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V085232
2012: dhs_torture
2016: V162295



VCF9233 HOW MUCH DOES R FAVOR/OPPOSE USE OF U.S. GOVT TORTURE [OF THOSE SUSPECTED OF BEING TERRORISTS]
Question
(Do you favor, oppose, or neither favor nor oppose the U.S.
government torturing people, who are suspected of being
terrorists, to try to get information?)
Do you favor that a great deal, moderately, or a little? /
Do you oppose that a great deal, moderately, or a little?
Valid
1. Favor a great deal
2. Favor moderately
3. Favor a little
4. Neither favor nor oppose
5. Oppose a little
6. Oppose moderately
7. Oppose a great deal
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; DK/RF/NA whether favor or oppose; no post data; programming error
(2016)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V085232x
2012: dhs_torture,dhs_torturefav,dhs_tortureopp
2016: V162295x



VCF9234 ABORTION ISSUE PLACEMENT FOR DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE
Question
1992:
What do you think is -Democratic Presidential candidate name-’s
position on abortion?
1996,2004-LATER:
Where would you place -Democratic Presidential candidate name-
(on this scale)?
2000:
FTF: Where would you place -Democratic Presidential candidate name-
on abortion?
PHONE: What about -Democratic Presidential candidate name-
(on abortion)? Which opinion best agrees with his views?
Valid
1. By law, abortion should never be permitted
2. The law should permit only in cases of rape, incest or danger
3. The law should permit for reasons other than rape, incest or danger
4. By law, a woman should always be able to obtain an abortion
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data; half sample administration (2008); VOL: other
(1992,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Respondent booklet was used.
After 1992, the order of Presidential candidates was randomized.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923734
1996: V960506
2000: V000696
2004: V045135
2008: V085089a
2012: abort_dpc4
2016: V162181
2020: V201338



VCF9235 ABORTION ISSUE PLACEMENT FOR REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE
Question
1992:
What do you think is -Democratic Presidential candidate name-’s
position on abortion?
1996,2004-LATER:
Where would you place -Democratic Presidential candidate name-
(on this scale)?
2000:
FTF: Where would you place -Democratic Presidential candidate name-
on abortion?
PHONE: What about -Democratic Presidential candidate name-
(on abortion)? Which opinion best agrees with his views?
Valid
1. By law, abortion should never be permitted
2. The law should permit only in cases of rape, incest or danger
3. The law should permit for reasons other than rape, incest or danger
4. By law, a woman should always be able to obtain an abortion
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data; half sample administration (2008); VOL: other
(1992,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Respondent booklet was used.
After 1992, the order of Presidential candidates was randomized.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923733
1996: V960509
2000: V000698
2004: V045134
2008: V085089b
2012: abort_rpc4
2016: V162182
2020: V201339



VCF9236 DOES R FAVOR OR OPPOSE THE DEATH PENALTY FOR PERSONS CONVICTED OF MURDER
Question
Do you favor or oppose the death penalty for persons convicted
of murder?
Valid
1. Favor
2. Oppose
Missing
-8. DK; depends (VOL)
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880854
1990: V900477
1992: V925933
1994: V941041
1996: V961197
1998: V980503
2000: V000749
2004: V043186
2008: V083163
2012: penalty_favdpen
2016: V161233
2020: V201343
2024: V241306



VCF9237 R STRONGLY OR NOT STRONGLY FAVOR/OPPOSE THE DEATH PENALTY FOR PERSONS CONVICTED OF MURDER
Question
(Do you favor or oppose the death penalty for persons convicted
of murder?)
Do you favor the death penalty for persons convicted of murder
strongly or not strongly? /
Do you oppose the death penalty for persons convicted of murder
strongly or not strongly?
Valid
1. Favor strongly
2. Favor not strong
4. Oppose not strong
5. Oppose strongly
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; DK/RF/NA whether favor or oppose; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1988: V880855
1990: V900478
1992: V925934
1994: V941042
1996: V961198
1998: V980504
2000: V000752
2004: V043187
2008: V083163x
2012: penalty_favopp_x
2016: V161233x
2020: V201345x



VCF9238 SHOULD THE GOVERNMENT MAKE IT MORE DIFFICULT OR EASIER TO BUY A GUN, OR SHOULD THE RULES STAY THE SAME AS THEY ARE NOW
Question
Do you think the federal government should make it more difficult
for people to buy a gun than it is now, make it easier for
people to buy a gun, or keep these rules about the same as
they are now?
Valid
1. More difficult
2. Keep these rules about the same
3. Make it easier
Missing
-8. DK; depends (VOL)
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2000: V000728
2004: V043188
2008: V083164
2012: gun_control
2016: V161187
2020: V202337



VCF9239 HOW IMPORTANT IS GUN CONTROL ISSUE TO R
Question
(Do you think the federal government should make it more difficult
for people to buy a gun than it is now, make it easier for
people to buy a gun, or keep these rules about the same as
they are now?)
How important is this issue to you personally? Not at all important,
not too important, somewhat important, very important, or
extremely important?
Valid
1. Extremely important
2. Very important
3. Somewhat important
4. Not too important
5. Not at all important
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2000: V000732
2004: V043190
2008: V083164a
2012: gun_importance
2016: V161188
2020: V202338



VCF9240 CSES: LEFT-RIGHT (11PT) SCALE PLACEMENT FOR R
Question
In politics people sometimes talk of left and right.
Where would you place yourself on a scale from 0 to 10 where 0
means the left and 10 means the right?
{2004-LATER: INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON’T KNOW}
Valid
0. Left
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Right
Missing
-8. DK
-9. NA; no Post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1996: V961484
2004: V045271
2008: V085191
2012: cses_selfleft
2016: V162289
2020: V202439



VCF9241 CSES: LEFT-RIGHT (11PT) SCALE PLACEMENT FOR DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Question
In politics people sometimes talk of left and right.
Where would you place the Democratic party on a scale from 0
to 10 where 0 means the left and 10 means the right?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON’T KNOW}
Valid
0. Left
Missing
-7. Haven’t heard of (2004,2008,2012)
10. Right
-8. DK
-9. NA; no Post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2004: V045260
2008: V085189a
2012: cses_dptyleft
2016: V162287
2020: V202437



VCF9242 CSES: LEFT-RIGHT (11PT) SCALE PLACEMENT FOR REPUBLICAN PARTY
Question
Using the same scale, where would you place the Republican
party?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON’T KNOW}
Valid
0. Left
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Right
Missing
-7. Haven’t heard of (2004,2008,2012)
-8. DK
-9. NA; no Post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2004: V045261
2008: V085189b
2012: cses_rptyleft
2016: V162288
2020: V202438



VCF9243 WOULD R CALL SELF A BORN-AGAIN CHRISTIAN /CONSIDER SELF A BORN-AGAIN CHRISTIAN / HAD THE DEEP RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE DESCRIBED AS BEING BORN AGAIN
Question
1980,1984:
Some people have had deep religious experiences which have
transformed their lives. I’m thinking of experiences sometimes
described as “being born again in one’s life.”
There are deeply religious people who have not had an
experience of this sort. How about you; have you had such an
experience?
1988:
Do you consider yourself a born-again Christian?
1990,1992,1996-2000,2008-later:
Would you call yourself a born-again Christian, that is,
have you personally had a conversion experience related to
Jesus Christ?
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; R not Christian; programming error (2016)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
1992 NOTE:
For panel short form cases, 1990 data were included.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V801175
1984: V841080
1988: V880529
1990: V900545
1992: V923847
1996: V960601
1998: V980568
2000: V000903
2008: V083203
2012: relig_bornagn
2016: V161263
2020: V201456



VCF9244 HOW OFTEN CAN R TRUST PEOPLE
Question
Generally speaking, how often can you trust other people?
Always, most of the time, about half the time, once in a while,
or never?
Valid
1. Always
2. Most of the time
3. About half the time
4. Once in a while
5. Never
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083092b
2012: trust_social
2016: V161219
2020: V201237



VCF9245 HOW SATISFIED IS R WITH R’S LIFE
Question
All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a
whole these days?
Would you say that you are extremely satisfied, very satisfied,
moderately satisfied, slightly satisfied, or not satisfied at all?
Valid
1. Extremely satisfied
2. Very satisfied
3. Moderately satisfied
4. Slightly satisfied
5. Not satisfied at all
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V085310
2012: happ_lifesatisf
2016: V161522
2020: V201651
2024: V241621



VCF9246 WHICH IS MORE IMPORTANT FOR A CHILD TO HAVE: CURIOSITY OR GOOD MANNERS
Question
(Although there are a number of qualities that people
feel that children should have, every person thinks that
some are more important than others. I am going to read you
pairs of desirable qualities. For each pair please tell me
which one you think is more important for a child to have:)
curiosity or good manners
Valid
1. Curiosity
2. Both (VOL)
3. Good manners
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short questionnaire (1992); no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V926021
2000: V001588
2004: V045209
2008: V085159
2012: auth_cur
2016: V162240
2020: V202267
2024: V242261



VCF9247 WHICH IS MORE IMPORTANT FOR A CHILD TO HAVE: OBEDIENCE OR SELF-RELIANCE
Question
(Although there are a number of qualities that people
feel that children should have, every person thinks that
some are more important than others. I am going to read you
pairs of desirable qualities. For each pair please tell me
which one you think is more important for a child to have:)
obedience or self-reliance
Valid
1. Obedience
2. Both (VOL)
3. Self-reliance
4. Neither (2020)
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short questionnaire (1992); no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V926020
2000: V001587
2004: V045210
2008: V085160
2012: auth_obed
2016: V162241
2020: V202268
2024: V242262



VCF9248 WHICH IS MORE IMPORTANT FOR A CHILD TO BE: CONSIDERATE OR WELL-BEHAVED
Question
(Although there are a number of qualities that people
feel that children should have, every person thinks that
some are more important than others. I am going to read you
pairs of desirable qualities. For each pair please tell me
which one you think is more important for a child to have:)
being considerate or well behaved
Valid
1. Being considerate
2. Both (VOL)
3. Well behaved
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short questionnaire (1992); no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V926022
2000: V001589
2004: V045211
2008: V085161
2012: auth_consid
2016: V162242
2020: V202269
2024: V242263



VCF9249 WHICH IS MORE IMPORTANT FOR A CHILD TO HAVE: INDEPENDENCE OR RESPECT FOR ELDERS
Question
(Although there are a number of qualities that people
feel that children should have, every person thinks that
some are more important than others. I am going to read you
pairs of desirable qualities. For each pair please tell me
which one you think is more important for a child to have:)
independence or respect for elders
Valid
1. Independence
2. Both (VOL)
3. Respect for elders
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short questionnaire (1992); no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V926019
2000: V001586
2004: V045208
2008: V085158
2012: auth_ind
2016: V162239
2020: V202266
2024: V242260



VCF9250 CSES: WHO VOTES FOR MAKES A BIG DIFFENCE - (5PT) SCALE PLACEMENT FOR R
Question
Some people say that no matter who people vote for, it won’t
make any difference to what happens. Others say that who
people vote for can make a big difference to what happens.
Using the scale in the booklet, (where one means that
voting won’t make any difference to what happens and five
means that voting can make a big difference), where would
you place yourself?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON’T KNOW}
Valid
1. Won’t make a difference
2.
3.
4.
5. Can make a big difference
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
1996,2004 wording were not comparable.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V085183
2012: cses_diffvote
2016: V162282
2020: V202432
2024: V242431



VCF9251 HOW WELL DOES R UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANT POLITICAL ISSUES FACING OUR COUNTRY
Question
How well do you understand the important political issues facing
our country? Extremely well, very well, moderately well, slightly
well, or not well at all?
Valid
1. Extremely well
2. Very well
3. Moderately well
4. Slightly well
5. Not well at all
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008,2012); no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083080b
2012: effic_undrev
2016: V162218
2020: V202215
2024: V242203



VCF9252 HOW OFTEN DO POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT SEEM SO COMPLICATED THAT R CAN’T REALLY UNDERSTAND WHAT’S GOING ON
Question
How often do politics and government seem so complicated that
you can’t really understand what’s going on? All the time, most
of the time, about half the time, some of the time, or never?
Valid
1. All the time
2. Most of the time
3. About half the time
4. Some of the time
5. Never
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration (2008,2012); no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083080a
2012: effic_complicrev
2016: V162217
2020: V202214
2024: V242202



VCF9253 CSES: MAKE BIG DIFFERENCE WHO IS IN POWER (5PT) SCALE PLACEMENT FOR R
Question
Please look at page 10 in the booklet.
Some people say that it doesn’t make any difference
who is in power. Others say that it makes a big difference
who is in power.
Using the scale in the booklet, (where ONE means that it
doesn’t make any difference who is in power and FIVE means
that it makes a big difference who is in power), where would
you place yourself?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON’T KNOW}
Valid
1. It doesnt make a difference who is in power
2.
3.
4.
5. It makes a big difference who is in power
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
1996,2004 wording not comparable
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V085182
2012: cses_diffpower
2016: V162281
2020: V202431
2024: V242431



VCF9254 CSES: HOW SATISFIED IS R WITH THE WAY DEMOCRACY WORKS IN THE U.S. (4CAT: SATISFIED-NOT AT ALL SATISFIED)
Question
On the whole, are you satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very
satisfied, or not at all satisfied with the way democracy works
in the United States?
Valid
1. Satisfied
2. Fairly satisfied
3. Not very satisfied
4. Not at all satisfied
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1996: V961459
2000: V001651
2002: V025179



VCF9255 CSES: HOW SATISFIED IS R WITH THE WAY DEMOCRACY WORKS IN THE U.S. (4CAT: VERY SATISFIED-NOT AT ALL SATISFIED)
Question
On the whole, are you very satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very
satisfied, or not at all satisfied with the way democracy works
in the United States?
{INTERVIEWER: DO NOT PROBE DON’T KNOW}
Valid
1. Very satisfied
2. Fairly satisfied
3. Not very satisfied
4. Not at all satisfied
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2004: V045241
2008: V085194
2012: cses_satisdem
2016: V162290
2020: V202440
2024: V242439



VCF9256 WAS R ABLE TO DEVOTE ANY TIME TO VOLUNTEER WORK IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS
Question
Many people say they have less time these days to do volunteer
work. What about you, were you able to devote any time to
volunteer work in the last 12 months (2000-later: or did you
not do so)?
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V926138
1996: V961257
2000: V001474
2002: V025100
2004: V045171
2008: V085128
2012: involv_voltr
2016: V162197
2020: V202033
2024: V242035



VCF9257 HAS R WORKED WITH OTHERS TO DEAL WITH ISSUE IN COMMUNITY DURING THE PAST 12 MONTHS
Question
During the past 12 months, have you worked with other people
to deal with some issue facing your community?
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2000: V001491
2002: V025163
2004: V045166
2008: V085124
2012: involv_communwk
2016: V162195
2020: V202031



VCF9258 DID R ATTEND A MEETING ABOUT AN ISSUE IN COMMUNITY OR SCHOOLS DURING THE PAST 12 MONTHS
Question
During the past twelve months, did you attend a meeting about
an issue facing your community or schools?
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2000: V001493
2004: V045168
2008: V085126
2012: involv_commmtg
2016: V162196
2020: V202032
2024: V242034



VCF9259 HOW OFTEN DOES R FOLLOW INFORMATION ABOUT POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
Question
How often do you pay attention to what’s going on in government
and politics?
All the time, most of the time, about half the time, once in
a while, or never?
Valid
1. Always
2. Most of the time
3. About half the time
4. Some of the time
5. Never
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; half sample administration; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V085073b
2012: interest_attention
2016: V161003
2020: V201005
2024: V241004



VCF9260 WHAT JOB OR OFFICE IS HELD BY NAMED SPEAKER OF THE U.S. HOUSE
Question
Now we have a set of questions concerning various
public figures. We want to see how much information about
them gets out to the public from television, newspapers and
the like.
(The first name is) -name-.
(What job or political office does he now hold?)
{BEFORE 2004: PAUSE AFTER EACH NAME. RECORD EXACTLY WHAT IS
SAID BUT DO NOT PROBE}
{2004-LATER: INTERVIEWER: DOUBLE-CHECK THAT SCREEN IS NOT
WITHIN VIEW OF THE RESPONDENT. PROBE DON’T KNOWS WITH, “WELL,
WHAT’S YOUR BEST GUESS?” DK KEY IS NOT ALLOWED FOR THIS
QUESTION}
Valid
1. Correctly identifies
2. No identification; identification is incomplete or wrong
Missing
-9. no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V925919
1996: V961192
2004: V045162
2008: V085120
2012: ofcrec_speaker_correct
2016: V162073a
2020: V202139y1
2024: V242121



VCF9261 WHAT JOB OR OFFICE IS HELD BY NAMED VICE-PRESIDENT
Question
Now we have a set of questions concerning various
public figures. We want to see how much information about
them gets out to the public from television, newspapers and
the like.
(The first name is) -name-.
(What job or political office does he now hold?)
{BEFORE 2004: PAUSE AFTER EACH NAME. RECORD EXACTLY WHAT IS
SAID BUT DO NOT PROBE}
{2004-LATER: INTERVIEWER: DOUBLE-CHECK THAT SCREEN IS NOT
WITHIN VIEW OF THE RESPONDENT. PROBE DON’T KNOWS WITH, “WELL,
WHAT’S YOUR BEST GUESS?” DK KEY IS NOT ALLOWED FOR THIS
QUESTION}
Valid
1. Correctly identifies
2. No identification; identification is incomplete or wrong
Missing
-9. no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860343
1990: V900395
1992: V925916
1994: V941006
1996: V961189
1998: V980475
2004: V045163
2008: V085121
2012: ofcrec_vp_correct
2016: V162072
2020: V202138y



VCF9262 WHAT JOB OR OFFICE IS HELD BY NAMED CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE U.S. SUPREME COURT
Question
Now we have a set of questions concerning various
public figures. We want to see how much information about
them gets out to the public from television, newspapers and
the like.
(The first name is) -name-.
(What job or political office does he now hold?)
{BEFORE 2004: PAUSE AFTER EACH NAME. RECORD EXACTLY WHAT IS
SAID BUT DO NOT PROBE}
{2004-LATER: INTERVIEWER: DOUBLE-CHECK THAT SCREEN IS NOT
WITHIN VIEW OF THE RESPONDENT. PROBE DON’T KNOWS WITH, “WELL,
WHAT’S YOUR BEST GUESS?” DK KEY IS NOT ALLOWED FOR THIS
QUESTION}
Valid
1. Correctly identifies
2. No identification; identification is incomplete or wrong
Missing
-9. no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860345
1988: V880873
1990: V900397
1992: V925917
1994: V941007
1996: V961190
1998: V980476
2000: V001449a
2004: V045165
2008: V085123
2012: ofcrec_cj_correct
2016: V162076b
2020: V202142y2
2024: V242124y



VCF9263 WHAT WAS THE PARTY OF THE RUNNING CANDIDATE TO WHICH R GAVE MONEY
Question
(1980,1982:
What about other political contributions. Did you give any money
this year to a candidate running for public office?
1984,1986:
Now, apart from contributing to a political party, did you give
any money to an individual candidate running for public office?
1988-LATER:
During an election year people are often asked to make a
contribution to support campaigns Did you give money to an
individual candidate running for public office?)
ALL YEARS: Which party did that candidate belong to?
Valid
1. Democratic party
2. Both Democratic and Republican parties
3. Republican party
7. Other party only; nonpartisan only (1980,1982 only)
Missing
-8. DK (exc. 1980,1982)
-9. RF; NA; DK (1980,1982 only); R did not contribute to candidate; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
2020: Data for this variable was restricted in the 2020 Time Series study
These data were restricted in the 2020 Time Series study
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1980: V800804,V800806,V800808
1982: V820483,V820485
1984: V840829
1986: V860322
1988: V880831
1990: V900372
1992: V925816
1994: V940813
1996: V961170
1998: V980366
2000: V001230
2004: V045014a
2008: V085033a
2012: mobilpo_ctbcndpty
2016: V162014a
2020: V202018 (resticted)



VCF9264 WHAT WAS THE POLITICAL PARTY TO WHICH R GAVE MONEY
Question
(1972,1974:
Did you give any money to a political party this year?
1976:
Did you give any money to a political party or make any other
contribution this year?
1980-1982:
Did you give money to a political party during this election year?
1984,1986:
During the last year did you give any money to an individual candidate,
a political party organization, people supporting a ballot proposition,
or to a particular issue or interest group? (IF YES:) Apart from
contributions to specific candidates, how about contributions to a
political party organization? Did you give money to a political party
during this election year?
1988-LATER:
Did you give money to a political party during this election year?)
ALL YEARS:
To which party (did you give money)?
Valid
1. Democratic party
2. Both Democratic and Republican parties
3. Republican party
7. Other party only
Missing
-8. DK (exc. 1980,1982)
-9. RF; NA; DK (1980,1982 only); R did not contribute to party; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
2020: Data for this variable was restricted in the 2020 Time Series study
These data were restricted in the 2020 Time Series study
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720473
1974: V742200
1976: V763536
1980: V800812,V800814
1982: V820491,V820493,V820495
1984: V840827
1986: V860324
1988: V880833
1990: V900374
1992: V925818
1994: V940815
1996: V961172
1998: V980368
2000: V001232
2004: V045015a
2008: V085034a
2012: mobilpo_ctbwhpty
2016: V162016a
2020: V202020 (restricted)



VCF9265 PRE-ELECTION: DID R VOTE IN THE STATE PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY ELECTION OR CAUCUS
Question
1972:
How about the primary election this year. Did you vote
in a Presidential primary this spring or summer?
1976:
Did you vote in the Presidential primary election?
1980:
ALL STATES EXC. ARKANSAS, MISSISSIPPI, SOUTH CAROLINA: Your state
held a primary election on -date-. Did you vote in that election,
or were you unable to do so?
ARKANSAS ONLY: Your state held a primary election on -date-.
As you may know, the Republican Party did not have a primary
contest in Arkansas this year, so there was only a Democratic
primary election. Did you vote in that election or were you
unable to do so?
MISSISSIPPI AND SOUTH CAROLINA ONLY: Your state held a primary
election on -date-. As you may know, the Republican Party did
not have a primary contest in Arkansas this year, so there was
only a Democratic primary election. Did you vote in that election
or were you unable to do so?
1988:
This state held a Presidential primary/caucus election on -date-
(KANSAS, MICHIGAN, WYOMING ONLY: its Democratic Presidential
nominating caucus on -date- and its Republican caucus on -date-).
In talking to people about elections, we find that a
lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t
registered, they didn’t meet party qualifications, they were
sick, or they just didn’t have the time.
How about you– did you vote in that primary election/caucus?
(KANSAS, MICHIGAN, WYOMING ONLY: did you vote in either of
those caucuses?)
1992:
This state held a Presidential primary/caucus election on
-date- (ARIZONA, IOWA, MINNESOTA, MISSOURI, VIRGINIA, WYOMING
ONLY: its Democratic Presidential nominating caucus on -date-
and its Republican caucus on -date-).
In talking to people about elections (ARIZONA, IOWA, MINNESOTA,
MISSOURI, VIRGINIA, WYOMING ONLY: about caucuses), we find that
many people did not vote for a variety of reasons.
How about you – did you vote in that primary/caucus?
(ARIZONA, IOWA, MINNESOTA, MISSOURI, VIRGINIA, WYOMING ONLY:
in either of those caucuses?)
2008-LATER:
Did you vote in a presidential primary election or caucus
(2012,2016: this year)?
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short or Spanish questionnaire (1992); Form II (1972)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1968: V680139
1972: V720164
1976: V763034
1980: V800371
1988: V880148
1992: V923301
2008: V083077
2012: prevote_primv
2016: V161021
2020: V201020



VCF9266 (HISPANIC RS) FOR INFORMATION ABOUT POLITICS DOES R GET THE MOST INFORMATION FROM SPANISH OR ENGLISH LANGUAGE TELEVISION, RADIO, AND NEWSPAPERS
Question
For information about politics would you say you get the most
information from Spanish-language television, radio, and newspapers,
or from English-language TV, radio, and newspapers?
Valid
1. English more
2. Both Equally (Bilingual) {VOL}
3. Spanish more
7. Other {SPECIFY}
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; Inap
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V085279
2012: pohisp_hispnews
2016: V162222
2020: V202354



VCF9267 THERMOMETER FOR: MUSLIMS
Question
How would you rate:
Muslims
{PROBE FOR “DON’T KNOW” RESPONSE: when you say don’t know
do you mean that you don’t know who this is or do you
have something else in mind?
Valid
1-100
Missing
-7. Don’t recognize
-8. DK where to rate
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Order of group thermometers was randomized.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2004: V045088
2008: V085065e
2012: ftgr_muslims
2016: V162106
2020: V202168
2024: V242146



VCF9268 THERMOMETER FOR: RICH PEOPLE
Question
How would you rate:
rich people
{PROBE FOR “DON’T KNOW” RESPONSE: when you say don’t know
do you mean that you don’t know who this is or do you
have something else in mind?
Valid
1-100
Missing
-7. Don’t recognize
-8. DK where to rate
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Order of group thermometers was randomized.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1998: V980269
2004: V045082
2008: V085065b
2012: ftgr_rich
2016: V162105



VCF9269 THERMOMETER FOR: CHRISTIANS
Question
How would you rate:
Christians
{PROBE FOR “DON’T KNOW” RESPONSE: when you say don’t know
do you mean that you don’t know who this is or do you
have something else in mind?
Valid
1-100
Missing
-7. Don’t recognize
-8. DK where to rate
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Order of group thermometers was randomized.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V085065g
2012: ftgr_xian
2016: V162107
2020: V202169
2024: V242147



VCF9270 HARDWORKING-LAZY (7PT) SCALE PLACEMENT FOR WHITES
Question
Now I have some questions about different
groups in our society. I’m going to show you a seven-point
scale on which the characteristics of the people in a group
can be rated. In the first statement a score of 1 means
that you think almost all of the people in that group tend
to be “hard-working.” A score of 7 means that almost all of
the people in the group are “lazy.” A score of 4 means that
you think that most people in the group are not closer to
one end or the other, and of course you may choose any
number in between.
Where would you rate whites in general on this scale?
2000 TELEPHONE:
Now I have some questions about different groups in our
society. Imagine a seven-point scale on which the
characteristics of the people in a group can be rated.
In the first question a score of 1 means that you think
almost all of the people in that group tend to be
“hard-working.” A score of 7 means that you think most
people in the group are “lazy.” A score of 4
means that you think that most people in the group are
not closer to one end or the other, and of course,
you may choose any number in between.
Valid
1. Hard-working
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Lazy
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Scale administered first for whites, then for other racial
groups in random order.
2008 NOTE:
ACASI administration
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V926221
1996: V961311
2000: V001574
2004: V045222
2008: V083207a
2012: stype_hwkwhite
2016: V162345
2020: V202515
2024: V242541



VCF9271 HARDWORKING-LAZY (7PT) SCALE PLACEMENT FOR BLACKS
Question
(Now I have some questions about different
groups in our society. I’m going to show you a seven-point
scale on which the characteristics of the people in a group
can be rated. In the first statement a score of 1 means
that you think almost all of the people in that group tend
to be “hard-working.” A score of 7 means that almost all of
the people in the group are “lazy.” A score of 4 means that
you think that most people in the group are not closer to
one end or the other, and of course you may choose any
number in between.)
(Where would you rate) blacks (on this scale)?
2000 TELEPHONE:
Where would you rate blacks on a scale of 1 to 7?
(where 1 indicates hard working, 7 means lazy, and 4
indicates most blacks are not closer to one end
or the other.)
Valid
1. Hard-working
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Lazy
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Scale administered first for whites, then for other racial
groups in random order.
2008 NOTE:
ACASI administration
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V926222
1996: V961312
2000: V001575
2004: V045223
2008: V083207b
2012: stype_hwkblack
2016: V162346
2020: V202516
2024: V242542



VCF9272 HARDWORKING-LAZY (7PT) SCALE PLACEMENT FOR HISPANIC-AMERICANS
Question
(Now I have some questions about different
groups in our society. I’m going to show you a seven-point
scale on which the characteristics of the people in a group
can be rated. In the first statement a score of 1 means
that you think almost all of the people in that group tend
to be “hard-working.” A score of 7 means that almost all of
the people in the group are “lazy.” A score of 4 means that
you think that most people in the group are not closer to
one end or the other, and of course you may choose any
number in between.)
(Where would you rate) Hispanic-Americans (on this scale)?
2000 TELEPHONE:
Where would you rate Hispanic-Americans on a scale of 1 to 7?
(where 1 indicates hard working, 7 means lazy, and 4
indicates most blacks are not closer to one end
or the other.)
Valid
1. Hard-working
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Lazy
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Scale administered first for whites, then for other racial
groups in random order.
2008 NOTE:
ACASI administration
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V926224
1996: V961313
2000: V001576
2004: V045224
2008: V083207c
2012: stype_hwkhisp
2016: V162347
2020: V202517
2024: V242543



VCF9273 HARDWORKING-LAZY (7PT) SCALE PLACEMENT FOR ASIAN AMERICANS
Question
(Now I have some questions about different
groups in our society. I’m going to show you a seven-point
scale on which the characteristics of the people in a group
can be rated. In the first statement a score of 1 means
that you think almost all of the people in that group tend
to be “hard-working.” A score of 7 means that almost all of
the people in the group are “lazy.” A score of 4 means that
you think that most people in the group are not closer to
one end or the other, and of course you may choose any
number in between.)
(Where would you rate) Asian-Americans (on this scale)?
2000 TELEPHONE:
Where would you rate Asian-Americans on a scale of 1 to 7?
(where 1 indicates hard working, 7 means lazy, and 4
indicates most blacks are not closer to one end
or the other.)
Valid
1. Hard-working
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Lazy
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Scale administered first for whites, then for other racial
groups in random order.
2008 NOTE:
ACASI administration
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V926223
2000: V001577
2004: V045225
2008: V083207d
2012: stype_hwkasian
2016: V162348
2020: V202519
2024: V242544



VCF9274 IN AMERICAN LIFE AND POLITICS, DO BLACKS HAVE TOO MUCH, ABOUT THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF, OR TOO LITTLE INFLUENCE
Question
ALL YEARS:
Some people think that certain groups have too much influence
in American life and politics, while other people feel that
certain groups don’t have as much influence as they deserve.
1972-1976:
Here are three statements about how much influence a group
might have. For each group I read to you, just tell me the
number of the statement that best says how you feel: blacks
2000:
I am going to read you a list of groups, for each one please
tell me whether that group has too much influence, just about
the right amount of influence or too little influence.
What about blacks?
(Would you say they have too much influence, just about the
right amount of influence, or too little influence?)
Valid
1. Too much influence
2. Just about the right amount
3. Too little influence
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
In 1972-1976, the Respondent Booklet was used.
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1972: V720745
1974: V742384
1976: V763570
2000: V001438
2012: racecasi_infwhite



VCF9275 IN AMERICAN POLITICS, DO BLACKS HAVE TOO MUCH, ABOUT THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF, OR TOO LITTLE INFLUENCE
Question
Would you say that blacks have too much influence in American
politics, just about the right amount of influence in American
politics, or too little influence in American politics?
Valid
1. Too much influence
2. Just about the right amount
3. Too little influence
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; no post data
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V085114
2012: racecasi_infblacks
2016: V162323
2020: V202495



VCF9277 DOES WORKING/TEMPORARILY LAID OFF R WORK FOR SOMEONE ELSE, SELF, OR WHAT
Question
Do you work for someone else, are you self-employed, or what?
Valid
1. Someone else
2. Other and self (both)
3. Self only
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; not currently working or temporarily laid off
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Applies to all working Rs, regardless of number of hours
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860624
1988: V880438
1990: V900575
1992: V923925
1994: V941226
1996: V960668
1998: V980631
2000: V000972
2004: V043280
2008: V083236
2012: dem_semplnow
2016: V161293



VCF9278 DOES WORKING/TEMPORARILY LAID OFF R WORK FOR THE FEDERAL, STATE, OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Question
Are you employed by a federal, state or local government?
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; not currently working/TLO; works only for self
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
Applies to all working Rs, regardless of number of hours
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1986: V860625
1988: V880439
1990: V900576
1992: V923926
1994: V941227
1996: V960669
1998: V980632
2000: V000973
2004: V043281
2008: V083237
2012: dem_empgovnow
2016: V161294



VCF9279 DOES R CONSIDER SELF TO BE HETEROSEXUAL OR STRAIGHT, HOMOSEXUAL OR [GAY/LESBIAN], OR BISEXUAL
Question
Do you consider yourself to be heterosexual or straight,
homosexual or gay (or lesbian), or bisexual?
Valid
1. Heterosexual or straight
2. Bisexual
3. Homosexual or gay (or lesbian)
4. Something else (2020)
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; Inap
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
2008 NOTE:
ACASI administration
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083209
2012: orientn_rgay
2016: V161511
2020: V201601
2024: V241553



VCF9280 DOES R KNOW ANYONE AMONG FAMILY AND FRIENDS WHO IS BISEXUAL OR GAY
Question
Among your immediate family members, relatives, neighbors,
co-workers, or close friends, are any of them gay, lesbian, or
bisexual as far as you know?
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used
Notes
2008 NOTE:
ACASI administration
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083210
2012: orientn_knowgay
2016: V161512
2020: V202471
2024: V242508



VCF9281 DOES R HAVE ANY (1994: SOME) KIND OF HEALTH INSURANCE
Question
Do you presently have any (1974: some) kind of health insurance?
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA; short or Spanish questionnaire (1992)
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
1992: V923714
1994: V941022
2004: V043068
2008: V083060
2012: health_insured
2016: V161112
2020: V201620
2024: V241571



VCF9282 IS R LIVING WITH FAMILY MEMBERS
Question
Are you living at home with one or more persons who are family members?
Valid
1. Yes
2. No
Missing
-8. DK
-9. RF; NA
INAP. Inap. question not used
Weight
VCF0009x/VCF0009y/VCF0009z
Sources
2008: V083056
2012: finance_finfam
2016: V161109
2020: V201501