The ANES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior

Is the Government Run for the Benefit of All 1964-2016

PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED : "Benefit of All"

  '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16
Males 63 52 46 40 38 26 24 25 20 32 38 ** 33 25 20 19 26 35 35 51 38 ** 26 ** 17 ** 17
Females 65 54 55 41 37 24 24 24 22 27 40 ** 29 23 21 20 28 30 34 50 42 ** 32 ** 21 ** 17
White non-Hispanic 63 52 49 42 39 25 25 23 19 29 40 ** 32 22 19 18 26 30 35 53 43 ** 27 ** 15 ** 13
Black non-Hispanic 68 64 66 33 24 19 19 32 34 24 29 ** 25 23 21 27 33 35 33 42 28 ** 33 ** 30 ** 31
Hispanic ** 38 71 43 37 53 20 40 27 40 47 ** 33 42 33 21 27 46 38 39 44 ** 43 ** 32 ** 32
Race oth/mult non-Hisp ** 75 75 50 44 29 34 20 22 18 35 ** 18 42 29 14 39 34 34 47 35 ** 24 ** 18 ** 18
Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 57 47 41 30 31 20 19 26 19 29 33 ** 25 23 26 23 21 35 22 55 35 ** 38 ** 40 ** 32
High School Diploma 68 54 52 43 37 24 24 24 20 31 39 ** 28 26 21 19 28 33 34 51 41 ** 29 ** 20 ** 21
Some College, no Degree 63 54 55 51 41 28 26 23 21 24 40 ** 34 20 19 18 25 30 32 50 41 ** 26 ** 19 ** 14
College Degree/ Post-grad 62 63 61 45 45 30 28 25 26 32 41 ** 37 25 19 22 31 33 41 49 39 ** 32 ** 17 ** 16
Income 0-16 Percentile 56 48 50 31 33 22 26 22 24 29 32 ** 24 28 27 23 34 36 32 ** 37 ** 35 ** 26 ** 27
Income 17-33 Percentile 63 49 49 34 30 14 22 26 20 31 39 ** 28 25 19 19 24 34 29 ** 37 ** 27 ** 19 ** 21
Income 34-67 Percentile 68 52 51 40 38 27 25 22 21 28 39 ** 28 24 20 19 24 30 32 ** 46 ** 26 ** 16 ** 16
Income 68-95 Percentile 66 60 56 50 42 25 24 27 21 31 42 ** 38 24 20 19 28 31 40 ** 44 ** 29 ** 19 ** 13
Income 96-100 Percentile 72 58 48 43 54 47 30 27 25 36 53 ** 53 26 19 24 31 30 44 ** 35 ** 40 ** 25 ** 16
Professionals 64 ** 56 44 44 30 27 24 26 31 40 ** 34 23 18 22 29 33 36 ** 36 ** ** ** ** ** **
White Collar 63 ** 52 48 39 23 26 24 17 27 38 ** 31 25 20 18 27 29 32 ** 41 ** ** ** ** ** **
Blue Collar 64 ** 45 40 31 21 18 26 21 30 39 ** 29 23 19 19 27 32 31 ** 42 ** ** ** ** ** **
Unskilled 66 ** 60 29 29 16 25 24 22 18 31 ** 14 29 21 14 21 18 30 ** 29 ** ** ** ** ** **
Farmers 53 ** 42 19 37 25 30 26 0 23 31 ** 25 23 30 12 7 29 48 ** 38 ** ** ** ** ** **
Housewives 67 ** 56 41 41 27 28 22 20 30 44 ** 33 24 26 17 22 31 42 ** 51 ** ** ** ** ** **
Union Households 69 52 50 45 33 23 20 26 19 32 34 ** 31 22 15 20 25 35 37 52 38 ** 22 ** 21 ** 17
Non-Union Households 63 53 51 39 39 25 25 24 22 28 40 ** 31 24 22 19 28 32 34 50 41 ** 30 ** 19 ** 17
South 60 45 51 35 40 23 24 27 25 31 39 ** 29 23 23 23 29 34 31 49 43 ** 32 ** 19 ** 19
Nonsouth 65 56 51 43 37 25 24 23 20 28 39 ** 32 24 19 17 27 31 36 51 39 ** 27 ** 19 ** 17
Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 27 ** 23
Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 18 33 46 43 51 39 ** 36 ** 22 ** 19
Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 32 41 44 ** 39 33 26 20 27 33 33 52 43 ** 31 ** 17 ** 15
Born 1943-1958 67 64 56 51 39 28 24 26 20 26 42 ** 26 23 20 17 28 28 35 50 41 ** 24 ** 18 ** 15
Born 1927-1942 69 59 58 44 37 25 24 24 23 29 38 ** 35 20 21 20 25 31 34 49 36 ** 22 ** 17 ** 18
Born 1911-1926 64 54 49 42 39 23 24 22 18 28 33 ** 31 14 12 22 28 29 27 45 41 ** 31 ** 26 ** 31
Born 1895-1910 57 47 44 32 37 22 22 21 19 30 31 ** 19 24 16 20 32 36 45 43 ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Born before 1895 59 36 45 28 34 15 33 31 11 33 0 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Democrats (incl leaners) 70 59 55 39 32 24 18 27 24 25 32 ** 26 22 19 21 30 36 37 43 27 ** 27 ** 23 ** 24
Independents 48 41 33 36 36 16 24 20 18 22 37 ** 23 20 18 11 22 24 26 35 33 ** 33 ** 16 ** 20
Republicans 56 48 50 46 47 30 34 22 18 38 48 ** 39 29 23 19 25 30 34 62 57 ** 31 ** 16 ** 9
Liberals ** ** ** ** 29 20 19 24 25 23 32 ** 27 21 17 19 31 29 40 41 28 ** 24 ** 20 ** 18
Moderates ** ** ** ** 39 27 21 21 18 30 40 ** 29 24 21 21 28 35 40 45 39 ** 27 ** 19 ** 18
Conservatives ** ** ** ** 47 27 30 23 19 32 44 ** 36 26 22 18 26 33 38 61 51 ** 32 ** 18 ** 9