The ANES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior

Read about Campaign in Newspapers 1952-2008

PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED : "Yes"

  '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08
Males 84 ** 76 ** 84 ** 81 ** 79 ** 61 64 80 75 76 75 80 70 70 70 71 ** 59 ** 62 ** 69 ** 71
Females 76 ** 63 ** 77 ** 76 ** 73 ** 55 59 69 68 66 69 74 60 58 61 60 ** 51 ** 50 ** 65 ** 65
White non-Hispanic 82 ** 71 ** 82 ** 80 ** 76 ** 58 62 76 73 73 74 80 67 65 68 68 ** 57 ** 58 ** 70 ** 69
Black non-Hispanic 55 ** 39 ** 58 ** 67 ** 70 ** 50 49 57 63 58 64 69 52 57 56 54 ** 47 ** 45 ** 56 ** 64
Hispanic ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 36 ** 50 34 62 46 59 55 61 55 65 52 56 ** 50 ** 49 ** 56 ** 62
Race oth/mult non-Hisp ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 100 ** 50 35 51 63 65 36 56 60 56 58 71 ** 51 ** 57 ** 77 ** 71
8th Grade or Lower 65 ** 48 ** 65 ** 58 ** 60 ** 43 34 49 47 50 45 48 39 58 39 48 ** 47 ** 31 ** 57 ** 64
High School (Grades 9-12) 87 ** 73 ** 84 ** 82 ** 74 ** 53 61 71 67 64 67 74 57 54 59 56 ** 44 ** 45 ** 60 ** 60
Some College, no Degree 94 ** 88 ** 94 ** 91 ** 89 ** 64 70 83 80 78 80 84 70 64 70 70 ** 58 ** 61 ** 63 ** 69
College Degree/ Post-grad 99 ** 96 ** 94 ** 93 ** 91 ** 84 84 93 89 92 90 92 86 82 89 79 ** 72 ** 69 ** 81 ** 76
Income 0-16 Percentile 57 ** 47 ** 56 ** 62 ** 60 ** 46 40 47 53 56 56 60 44 50 47 48 ** 48 ** 46 ** 58 ** 66
Income 17-33 Percentile 77 ** 59 ** 75 ** 78 ** 72 ** 50 50 71 65 61 64 70 61 58 58 59 ** 47 ** 53 ** 70 ** 72
Income 34-67 Percentile 82 ** 73 ** 84 ** 80 ** 79 ** 59 60 74 75 72 75 78 66 63 66 67 ** 55 ** 50 ** 62 ** 66
Income 68-95 Percentile 90 ** 80 ** 87 ** 85 ** 85 ** 64 77 83 81 83 83 87 73 71 78 73 ** 58 ** 63 ** 73 ** 67
Income 96-100 Percentile 95 ** 87 ** 96 ** 95 ** 83 ** 76 87 95 84 95 85 94 85 79 81 74 ** 73 ** 65 ** 78 ** 72
Professionals 94 ** 88 ** 94 ** 89 ** 87 ** 76 77 88 86 87 86 88 82 75 82 78 ** 67 ** 68 ** 77 ** **
White Collar 89 ** 77 ** 87 ** 87 ** 80 ** 63 73 79 74 75 76 78 69 64 68 65 ** 55 ** 56 ** 65 ** **
Blue Collar 82 ** 68 ** 79 ** 75 ** 69 ** 49 49 72 62 62 66 73 54 56 59 59 ** 46 ** 50 ** 62 ** **
Unskilled 63 ** 50 ** 76 ** 66 ** 80 ** 50 46 55 60 58 59 58 45 46 53 53 ** 34 ** 26 ** 45 ** **
Farmers 76 ** 55 ** 66 ** 58 ** 70 ** 65 60 48 59 55 57 65 53 64 51 61 ** 71 ** 44 ** 44 ** **
Housewives 75 ** 63 ** 72 ** 75 ** 75 ** 51 56 65 70 65 65 70 56 60 61 55 ** 52 ** 40 ** 70 ** **
Union Households 82 ** 68 ** 79 ** 79 ** 77 ** 51 60 75 74 73 76 83 69 66 71 66 ** 54 ** 53 ** 67 ** 65
Non-Union Households 78 ** 69 ** 80 ** 78 ** 75 ** 60 61 73 70 70 71 75 63 63 64 65 ** 55 ** 56 ** 67 ** 68
South 66 ** 58 ** 75 ** 78 ** 72 ** 51 46 67 64 67 66 70 57 57 54 62 ** 50 ** 55 ** 70 ** 64
Nonsouth 83 ** 72 ** 82 ** 79 ** 76 ** 60 67 76 74 72 75 79 68 67 70 67 ** 58 ** 56 ** 66 ** 71
Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 25 ** 48 ** 44 ** 56 ** 59
Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 53 58 56 63 48 49 51 56 ** 39 ** 47 ** 61 ** 64
Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 62 ** 70 ** 49 52 70 66 64 72 79 62 61 71 65 ** 59 ** 59 ** 72 ** 70
Born 1927-1942 69 ** 62 ** 82 ** 80 ** 77 ** 59 65 79 78 85 77 82 74 69 72 73 ** 66 ** 66 ** 80 ** 83
Born 1911-1926 79 ** 69 ** 82 ** 79 ** 78 ** 60 67 76 76 73 75 80 73 76 74 74 ** 70 ** 70 ** 74 ** 85
Born 1895-1910 81 ** 72 ** 79 ** 79 ** 74 ** 66 60 71 69 69 69 71 71 76 52 60 ** 78 ** 14 ** ** ** **
Born before 1895 82 ** 66 ** 74 ** 76 ** 70 ** 51 73 66 58 56 63 100 100 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
Democrats (incl leaners) 79 ** 70 ** 79 ** 78 ** 75 ** 58 60 74 70 70 72 78 65 63 68 68 ** 56 ** 55 ** 68 ** 70
Independents 79 ** 65 ** 84 ** 63 ** 72 ** 48 49 60 59 58 55 61 43 46 40 52 ** 41 ** 35 ** 54 ** 46
Republicans 85 ** 72 ** 84 ** 86 ** 78 ** 61 69 78 80 78 80 81 71 69 70 67 ** 56 ** 63 ** 68 ** 72
Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 70 69 84 78 84 80 84 69 71 78 75 ** 64 ** 61 ** 74 ** 75
Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 57 68 78 76 72 82 80 67 62 71 69 ** 54 ** 62 ** 65 ** 68
Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69 73 84 81 81 82 85 75 73 75 70 ** 63 ** 62 ** 70 ** 72
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