The ANES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior
Party Identification 3-Point Scale 1952-2020
PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED : "Democrat (incl leaners)"
'52 | '54 | '56 | '58 | '60 | '62 | '64 | '66 | '68 | '70 | '72 | '74 | '76 | '78 | '80 | '82 | '84 | '86 | '88 | '90 | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 | '20 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Males | 60 | 61 | 55 | 59 | 53 | 58 | 61 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 48 | 50 | 50 | 52 | 49 | 50 | 45 | 47 | 43 | 50 | 45 | 41 | 45 | 49 | 46 | 47 | 45 | ** | 47 | ** | 44 | ** | 42 | ** | 42 |
Females | 59 | 56 | 49 | 58 | 52 | 54 | 62 | 56 | 58 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 55 | 55 | 59 | 50 | 53 | 50 | 53 | 54 | 53 | 58 | 53 | 53 | 51 | 53 | ** | 55 | ** | 49 | ** | 49 | ** | 50 |
White non-Hispanic | 58 | ** | 51 | 57 | 52 | 54 | 59 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 50 | 48 | 50 | 43 | 43 | 39 | 46 | 45 | 40 | 46 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 42 | ** | 43 | ** | 38 | ** | 38 | ** | 37 |
Black non-Hispanic | 76 | ** | 68 | 70 | 59 | 74 | 86 | 74 | 94 | 85 | 75 | 82 | 85 | 81 | 83 | 90 | 78 | 85 | 80 | 79 | 77 | 83 | 79 | 83 | 82 | 85 | 81 | ** | 87 | ** | 87 | ** | 81 | ** | 83 |
Hispanic | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 85 | 88 | 64 | 55 | 78 | 79 | 64 | 54 | 71 | 54 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 58 | 60 | 64 | 65 | 56 | 58 | 55 | ** | 61 | ** | 58 | ** | 59 | ** | 56 |
Race oth/mult non-Hisp | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 25 | 50 | 13 | 58 | 36 | 53 | 50 | 56 | 45 | 45 | 48 | 68 | 41 | 43 | 35 | 44 | 53 | 54 | 60 | 41 | ** | 69 | ** | 47 | ** | 47 | ** | 51 |
8th Grade or Lower | 64 | 63 | 52 | 60 | 55 | 64 | 71 | 60 | 69 | 61 | 55 | 56 | 61 | 65 | 62 | 70 | 53 | 67 | 56 | 63 | 64 | 60 | 67 | 67 | 59 | 57 | 56 | ** | 65 | ** | 55 | ** | 63 | ** | 60 |
High School (Grades 9-12) | 59 | 59 | 54 | 60 | 57 | 56 | 63 | 57 | 57 | 55 | 52 | 54 | 53 | 55 | 52 | 57 | 49 | 50 | 49 | 53 | 53 | 51 | 53 | 52 | 54 | 53 | 49 | ** | 54 | ** | 47 | ** | 44 | ** | 42 |
Some College, no Degree | 49 | 49 | 49 | 61 | 38 | 46 | 52 | 50 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 45 | 47 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 45 | 47 | 43 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 51 | 49 | 48 | 50 | 47 | ** | 49 | ** | 47 | ** | 44 | ** | 42 |
College Degree/ Post-grad | 44 | 41 | 44 | 40 | 42 | 48 | 48 | 42 | 40 | 46 | 43 | 47 | 41 | 45 | 47 | 48 | 44 | 48 | 42 | 49 | 45 | 37 | 46 | 48 | 44 | 42 | 51 | ** | 49 | ** | 45 | ** | 50 | ** | 53 |
Income 0-16 Percentile | 64 | 64 | 55 | 54 | 51 | 55 | 67 | 56 | 65 | 61 | 57 | 54 | 59 | 58 | 60 | 66 | 56 | 60 | 56 | 57 | 55 | 61 | 63 | 53 | 62 | ** | 54 | ** | 63 | ** | 52 | ** | 50 | ** | 50 |
Income 17-33 Percentile | 61 | 58 | 57 | 63 | 56 | 53 | 66 | 61 | 56 | 57 | 53 | 58 | 60 | 58 | 62 | 63 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 58 | 57 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 53 | ** | 54 | ** | 62 | ** | 52 | ** | 53 | ** | 46 |
Income 34-67 Percentile | 61 | 59 | 53 | 63 | 55 | 58 | 66 | 56 | 55 | 56 | 53 | 55 | 54 | 55 | 50 | 58 | 48 | 51 | 46 | 50 | 52 | 45 | 52 | 52 | 47 | ** | 50 | ** | 50 | ** | 46 | ** | 46 | ** | 45 |
Income 68-95 Percentile | 58 | 59 | 51 | 57 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 53 | 52 | 48 | 46 | 45 | 50 | 48 | 49 | 43 | 44 | 42 | 51 | 44 | 37 | 40 | 47 | 50 | ** | 46 | ** | 43 | ** | 41 | ** | 43 | ** | 47 |
Income 96-100 Percentile | 30 | 32 | 37 | 32 | 24 | 39 | 44 | 42 | 41 | 37 | 34 | 29 | 23 | 46 | 32 | 35 | 29 | 35 | 19 | 24 | 30 | 27 | 41 | 37 | 36 | ** | 46 | ** | 28 | ** | 44 | ** | 37 | ** | 48 |
Professionals | 52 | ** | 45 | 51 | 45 | ** | 49 | ** | 44 | 45 | 45 | 54 | 44 | 49 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 47 | 43 | 51 | 47 | 41 | 47 | 49 | 46 | ** | 56 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
White Collar | 56 | ** | 51 | 62 | 50 | ** | 60 | ** | 51 | 52 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 54 | 51 | 50 | 43 | 46 | 45 | 51 | 50 | 48 | 50 | 47 | 51 | ** | 43 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Blue Collar | 67 | ** | 58 | 65 | 62 | ** | 70 | ** | 63 | 60 | 55 | 54 | 58 | 60 | 57 | 62 | 54 | 56 | 52 | 54 | 55 | 51 | 57 | 59 | 55 | ** | 49 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Unskilled | 71 | ** | 68 | 74 | 53 | ** | 86 | ** | 81 | 88 | 58 | 51 | 51 | 57 | 56 | 66 | 53 | 62 | 48 | 61 | 46 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 50 | ** | 55 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Farmers | 59 | ** | 57 | 54 | 40 | ** | 63 | ** | 54 | 68 | 49 | 38 | 48 | 53 | 47 | 48 | 32 | 48 | 36 | 51 | 35 | 32 | 49 | 27 | 51 | ** | 46 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Housewives | 56 | ** | 47 | 54 | 52 | ** | 60 | ** | 57 | 53 | 50 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 51 | 61 | 44 | 44 | 47 | 49 | 49 | 45 | 42 | 43 | 49 | ** | 41 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Union Households | 67 | 69 | 60 | 71 | 66 | ** | 77 | 66 | 63 | 65 | 58 | 60 | 61 | 63 | 58 | 63 | 57 | 58 | 55 | 65 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 59 | 61 | 59 | 59 | ** | 60 | ** | 50 | ** | 54 | ** | 54 |
Non-Union Households | 56 | 54 | 49 | 54 | 48 | ** | 57 | 51 | 54 | 51 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 50 | 50 | 53 | 45 | 48 | 45 | 49 | 48 | 44 | 50 | 50 | 48 | 47 | 47 | ** | 50 | ** | 46 | ** | 44 | ** | 45 |
South | 83 | ** | 71 | 72 | 63 | 64 | 74 | 64 | 68 | 58 | 58 | 57 | 59 | 57 | 57 | 61 | 52 | 57 | 55 | 56 | 51 | 49 | 52 | 48 | 46 | 49 | 49 | ** | 45 | ** | 45 | ** | 41 | ** | 41 |
Nonsouth | 53 | ** | 46 | 54 | 50 | 53 | 58 | 53 | 52 | 53 | 49 | 50 | 49 | 52 | 50 | 53 | 46 | 47 | 43 | 50 | 49 | 46 | 52 | 53 | 52 | 50 | 50 | ** | 56 | ** | 47 | ** | 48 | ** | 48 |
Born 1991 or later | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 49 | ** | 49 | ** | 54 |
Born 1975-1990 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 31 | 40 | 55 | 39 | 51 | 62 | 61 | ** | 56 | ** | 48 | ** | 51 | ** | 48 |
Born 1959-1974 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 40 | 50 | 47 | 45 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 45 | 46 | 50 | 48 | 45 | 39 | 46 | ** | 49 | ** | 46 | ** | 43 | ** | 42 |
Born 1943-1958 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 67 | 52 | 55 | 53 | 51 | 54 | 51 | 53 | 50 | 55 | 45 | 50 | 45 | 55 | 50 | 46 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 53 | 44 | ** | 52 | ** | 46 | ** | 45 | ** | 46 |
Born 1927-1942 | 64 | 57 | 54 | 62 | 56 | 57 | 64 | 58 | 58 | 55 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 54 | 48 | 57 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 48 | 53 | 62 | 50 | 50 | 50 | ** | 45 | ** | 44 | ** | 41 | ** | 40 |
Born 1911-1926 | 64 | 63 | 55 | 62 | 55 | 59 | 62 | 56 | 55 | 57 | 54 | 52 | 54 | 56 | 59 | 59 | 51 | 60 | 51 | 58 | 56 | 55 | 58 | 55 | 64 | 62 | 58 | ** | 63 | ** | 43 | ** | 55 | ** | 73 |
Born 1895-1910 | 58 | 55 | 48 | 57 | 50 | 55 | 62 | 51 | 56 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 54 | 54 | 56 | 54 | 44 | 48 | 47 | 66 | 54 | 41 | 46 | 48 | 59 | 8 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 36 |
Born before 1895 | 52 | 51 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 49 | 56 | 56 | 49 | 41 | 52 | 39 | 58 | 42 | 29 | 25 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Democrats (incl leaners) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Independents | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Republicans | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Liberals | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 70 | 72 | 75 | 74 | 77 | 80 | 73 | 74 | 73 | 75 | 77 | 83 | 84 | 80 | 78 | 81 | 86 | ** | 88 | ** | 87 | ** | 85 | ** | 90 |
Moderates | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 53 | 53 | 51 | 57 | 57 | 62 | 52 | 53 | 50 | 53 | 50 | 54 | 58 | 55 | 52 | 56 | 58 | ** | 53 | ** | 49 | ** | 50 | ** | 48 |
Conservatives | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 34 | 33 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 32 | 25 | 30 | 27 | 34 | 27 | 21 | 25 | 27 | 26 | 23 | 19 | ** | 19 | ** | 17 | ** | 11 | ** | 7 |