CODEBOOK APPENDIX FILE 1982 MERGED METHODS FILE USER NOTE: This file has been converted to electronic format via OCR scanning. As as result, the user is advised that some errors in character recognition may have resulted within the text. >> ABOUT THE EXPRESSIONS IN THE 1982 QUESTIONNAIRE (NAME Y X, Y. OR Z) The 1982 tIME sERIES questionnaire made provisions to have interviewers fill in district/state candidate names in blank slots like the one depicted above. A comprehensive list of HOUSE, SENATE and GOVERNOR candidate and incumbent names was prepared for each of the 173 districts in the sample and the interviewers used the lists to pre-edit names where appropriate depending on the district of interview. These candidate lists are reproduced in the green pages section of this documentation. The (NAME #) expression will generally list more than one candidate number. For any given district, however, one of two possibilities will hold: 1) there will be one and only one name in the district candidate list qualifying for inclusion on the basis of the numbers listed in the expression; or 2) there will be no number in the district candidate list matching any of the numbers in the expression. An instance of no matching numbers arises for a question about the candidate challenging a district incumbent when, in fact, the incumbent is running unopposed. Interviewers were instructed to mark "NO INFO" those questions involving unmatched candidate numbers in the (NAME #) expression. In the candidate list, each candidate or incumbent is assigned a number or code. Numbers beginning with 1 (11-19) are for the Senate, numbers beginning with 3 (31-39) are for the House of Representatives, and numbers beginning with 5 (51-58) are for governors. In addition, the code or number assigned to a name has an intrinsic meaning--it denotes the functional role of that person in the context of the 1982 general elections. For example, candidate number 33 is used for a Democratic House incumbent seeking re-election and playing, therefore, the dual role of House incumbent and Democratic candidate for the House of Representatives in the 1982 elections. The precise meaning of each candidate number used in the study is given below. Needless to say, you will need to understand the scheme that was used in order to work effectively with the questions involving (NAME #) expressions. Virtually all states redefined congressional district boundaries (redistricted) during 1981 or 1982 in accordance with new 1980 Census population estimates. In the candidate list, the term 'incumbent' denotes a House candidate who was a member of Congress prior to the 1982 general elections. Unlike 1978 and 1980, the incumbent's district in 1982 may consist of a fairly different geographic area than the area covered by the district prior to the boundary changes; therefore, although the 'incumbent' House candidate served in Congress as of the 1982 elections, depending on changes in district boundaries, he or she may or may not have been the survey respondent's district incumbent before 1982. >> 1982 FEELING THERMOMETER (C5) 1. RE: Massachusetts: Edward Kennedy's name is referenced twice in the feeling thermometer for respondents in Massachusetts. Respondents in this state were asked to rate Kennedy only once, at the first location (CAC). The response was then post-edited into the second reference (C5e). 2. RE: Liberal, Conservative, and Independent Candidates The Congressional districts listed below had an independent or minor party candidate running in 1982, in addition to a Democratic and/or Republican candidate. These third party candidates were included in the description of the Congressional races. The Type of House Race (V10) was coded 13, 19, 23, 29, 49, 56, 57 or 59, as appropriate. CA 43 NY 10 GA 05 NY 11 NY 16 NY 27 NY 03 NY 12 NY 18 NY 28 NY 04 NY 14 NY 20 PA 02 NY 06 NY 15 NY 25 UT 03 The minor party candidates were referenced in the following questions only: C5p J4g J7g Jlm J5g L4 J3g J6g 3. RE: New York Congressional Districts: Liberal and Conservative candidates running in New York have been included in all New York districts. In cases where the Democratic and Republican candidates also had the support of the Liberal and Conservative parties, respectively, they are assigned the candidate number appropriate for Democratic or Republican candidates, and treated throughout the questionnaire only as Democratic or Republican candidates. >> 1982 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA INTERVIEWS Since there were no races for the U.S. Senate or the U.S. House of Representatives in the District of Columbia, certain questions in the interview schedule were inappropriate for respondents living in that area. Interviewers in the District of Columbia were instructed to omit questions about the House and Senate races. The list of questions omitted for DC respondents includes: C2, C2a, C2b J5e-J5g C4, C4a, C4b J6e-J6g C5e-C5p J7e-J7g E1-E44 K2,K2a, KlOa F8, F8a L4, L4a Jlc-Jlm L6, L6a J3e-J3g L8, L8a J4e-J4g Several checkpoint questions were also inappropriate for District of Columbia interviews and were coded as follows: C3, E5, E8, F7, L5, L7 = 9 K10 = 2 >> 1982 VOTE QUESTIONS (SECTION L) According to Louisiana election laws any candidate receiving over fifty per cent of the primary vote is elected to office and does not appear on the ballot in the November general election. In both Congressional Districts, 05 and 07, the candidates were so elected. These races were coded 14, identifying them as districts with incumbents running unopposed (see V.10). The candidate number assigned was 33 - Democratic Incumbent (see Note A). The vote section, Q L4-L8, was omitted for these districts. Respondents were asked L1-L3 and L9 since they did have the opportunity to vote on other state matters in November. Alterations were also made to the question wording in C2 and E1 (see specific questions for changes). >> 1982 GEORGIA 04 AND 05 Congressional districts 04 and 05 in Georgia were late in finalizing a redistricting plan and, as a result, their congressional primary was held November 2, followed by a specialHouse election held November 30. Interviewing in Georgia 04 and 05 was delayed until December 1, after the special House election. Residents of these two Georgia districts did go to the polls November 2 to vote for all other offices and issues on Georgia's 1982 ballot. To ascertain the voting behavior of respondents in GA04 and 05, question L1 was administered, and if the respondent reported not voting November 2, he/she was asked an additional question about whether they voted in the special November 30th election. (See L1 for question text.) This additional question was not coded separately, but respondents who reported voting in the special House election were recoded to a "1. Yes, did vote" answer in L1. Thus, L1 captures respondent turnout in either the November 2 or the November 30 election for GA04 and GADS respondents. >> 1982 UNOPPOSED RACES In the congressional districts listed below, only one major party candidate ran. (Some of these districts may have had minor party opposition.) AL03 MA03 NY18 CA25 MI01 OH03 FL10 MI14 PA02 FL17 MS03 TX17 OA02 NC10 TX22 IL01 NE03 UT03 IL08 NJ13 WI09 KY01 NY06 MA01 NY16 *LA0S (See Note D) *LA07 >> 1982 CANDIDATE NUMBER MASTER CODE 10/82 (Revised for 1982 redistricting) For States With No For States With Running Incumbent Senator Running Incumbent Senator 11. Democratic Candidate 13. Democratic Incumbent 12. Republican Candidate 14. Republican Incumbent 15. Democratic Candidate 16. Republican Candidate 19. Other Senate Incumbent 19. Other Senate Incumbent whose term is not up whose term is not up 20. Independent Candidate 20. Independent Candidate For States With No Senate Race 17. (1st) Incumbent 18. (2nd) Incumbent For Districts With No For Districts With Running Incumbent Representative Running Incumbent Representative(s) 31. Democratic Candidate 33. Democratic Incumbent 32. Republican Candidate 34. Republican Incumbent 35. Democratic Candidate 36. Republican Candidate 37. Liberal or Conservative Candidate 39. Independent Candidate 39. Independent Candidate For States With No For States With Running Incumbent Governor Running Incumbent Governor 51. Democratic Candidate 53. Democratic Incumbent 52. Republican Candidate 54. Republican Incumbent 55. Democratic Candidate 56. Republican Candidate 58. Independent Candidate 58. Independent Candidate For States With No Governor Race 59. Incumbent Governor Used in the Vote Section (L) only for respondents who voted outside of district/state of interview. For States/Districts With For States/Districts With No Incumbents Running Running Incumbents 81. Democratic Candidate 83. Democratic Incumbent 82. Republican Candidate 84. Republican Incumbent 85. Democratic Candidate 86. Republican Candidate 87. Liberal or Conservative Candidate 89. Independent Candidate 89. Independent Candidate 91. Democrat - No Name Given 91. Democrat - No Name Given 92. Republican - No Name Given 92. Republican - No Name Given >> 1982 CANDIDATE MASTER CODE PARTY ONLY -- PEOPLE WITHIN PARTY 0001 Johnson 0002 Kennedy, John; JFK 0003 Kennedy, Robert; RFK 0004 Kennedy, Edward "Ted" 0005 Kennedy, NA which 0006 Truman 0007 Roosevelt; "FDR" 0008 McGovern 0009 Carter 0010 Mondale 0011 McCarthy, Eugene 0012 Humphrey 0013 Muskie 0015 Wallace 0031 Eisenhower; Ike 0032 Nixon 0034 Rockefeller 0035 Reagan 0036 Ford 0037 0038 Connally 0039 Kissinger 0040 McCarthy, Joseph 0051 Other national party figures (Senators, Congressmen, etc.) 0052 Local party figures (city, state, etc.) 0053 Good/Young/Experienced leaders; like whole ticket 0054 Bad/Old/Inexperienced leaders; dislike whole ticket 0097 Other people - within - party reasons PARTY ONLY -- PARTY CHARACTERISTICS 0101 Traditional Democratic voter: always been a Democrat; Just a Democrat; never been a Republican; just couldn't vote Republican 0102 Traditional Republican voter; always been a Republican; just a Republican; never been a Democrat; just couldn't vote Democratic 0111 Positive. personal. affective terms applied to party ~ good/nice people, etc. 0112 Negative, personal, affective terms applied to party -- bad/lazy people, etc. 0121 Can trust them; they keep their promises; you know where they stand 0122 Can't trust them; they break their promises; you don't know where they stand 0131 Party is well-organized, sticks together, is united; members are disciplined; votes party line 0132 Party is poorly-organized/really two parties/divided/factionalized; members not disciplined; doesn't vote party line 0133 Party is (more) representative/good cross-section of the country; encompasses a wider variety of views/people; is more at the center of the country's views 0134 Party is (less) representative/bad cross-section of the country; encompasses more restricted views; is less at the center of the country's views 0141 Reference to party's most recent National Convention; party's process/method of selecting presidential/vice-presidential candidates 0151 Performance of local branch of party; how they've done in this state/county/town 0161 Reference to the predominant faction that R sees as being in control of the party (NA which faction); "I don't like the people running it" 0162 Reference to Northerners/Liberals (as in control) of Democratic Party 0163 Reference to Southerners/Conservatives (as in control) of Democratic Party 0164 Reference to Easterners/Liberals/Moderates (as in control) of Republican Party 0165 Reference to Midwesterners/Westerners/Southerners/Conservatives (as in control) of Republican Party 0167 Can't win; doesn't have a chance 0168 Can win; party can't be beat 0169 Too big a party; there are too many of them; party is too powerful 0170 Too small a party; there are not enough of them; party is too weak 0171 Listens (more) to people; takes (more) into consideration the needs and wants of people; understands (better) the people/the majority of the people 0172 Doesn't listen to/understand the needs and wants of the people/the majority of the people 0173 Campaign tactics, uses too much money in campaigns, slings mud 0197 Other party-characteristic reasons CANDIDATE ONLY -- EXPERIENCE, ABILITY 0201 General reference to him as "a good/bad man or a good/bad guy"; R has heard good/bad things about him; qualifications; general ability; reference to his "personality" 0211 Experienced (NA what kind) (see 0217, 0218 0220 for specific kinds of experience; if in foreign policy see 1100's) 0212 Inexperienced 0213 Dependable/Trustworthy/Reliable; a man you can trust with the responsibilities of government ("trust" in the capability sense; rather than the honesty sense) 0214 Undependable/Untrustworthy/Unreliable; a man you can't trust with the responsibilities of government 0215 A military man; a good military/war record 0216 Not a military man; bad military/war record; no military/war record 0217 His record in public service; how well he's performed in previous offices; voting record in Congress 0218 Has government experience/political experience/seniority/incumbency 0219 Lacks government experience/political experience 0220 A statesman; has diplomatic experience 0221 Not a statesman; lacks diplomatic experience 0222 "He has done a good job so far"; He has brought us through hard times"; has gotten things done; has some good ideas; trying to do right things 0223 Hasn't done anything; hasn't produced any results (general); has not been able to get programs off the ground 0224 Has fulfilled/kept (campaign) promises 0225 Has not fulfilled/kept (campaign) promises 0297 Other candidate experience/ability reasons CANDIDATE ONLY -- CANDIDATE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES 0301 Dignified/has dignity 0302 Undignified/lacks dignity 0303 Strong/decisive/self-confident/aggressive; will end all this indecision 0304 Weak/indecisive lacks self-confidence/vacillating 0305 Inspiring; a man you can follow; "a leader" 0306 Uninspiring; not a man you can follow; not a leader 0307 People have confidence in him 0308 People don't have confidence in him 0309 Good at communicating with blacks, young people, other "problem" groups 0310 Bad at communicating with blacks, young people, other "problem" groups (if communicate in general - see 0441, 0442) 0311 Knows how to handle people (at personal level) 0312 Doesn't know how to handle people (at personal level) 0313 A politician/political person; (too) much in politics; a good politician; part of Washington crowd; politically motivated; just wants to be reelected 0314 Not a Politician; not in politics; above politics; a bad politician 0315 Independent; no one runs him; his own boss 0316 Not independent; run by others; not his own man/boss 0317 Humble; knows his limitations; doesn't pretend to know all the answers 0318 Not humble enough; too cocky/self-confident 0319 (Too) Careful/Cautious/Good judgment 0320 (Too) Impulsive/Careless/Bad/Poor judgment 0321 Helps People in the district on a personal level; has helped R personally with a problem (specific mention); tries to do things for the people 0322 Doesn't help people in the district on a personal level; was not helpful to R with a personal problem (specific mention) . 0323 Represents (well) the views of the district; close to people in the district; comes home regularly to chat and mix with people 0324 Does not represent (well) the views of the district; not close to the people in the district; doesn't interact enough with the people 0325 Keeps people well informed about governmental matters; communicates with constituents; any mention of R receiving newsletters or communications from him/her; explains well matters so people can understand 0326 Does not inform people enough about governmental matters; does not send enough newsletters or communications; doesn't explain well matters 0327 Listens to the people/solicits public opinion; any mention of polls or questionnaires; is accessible to constituents (NFS) 0328 Doesn't listen to the people/does not solicit public opinion; isn't accessible to constituents (NFS) 0329 Has helped local (district) economy; brought money, projects, job to district 0330 Has not helped local (district) economy; not brought money, projects, job to district 0331 Candidate helps the district; watches out for the interests of the district or region in general 0332 Candidate has not protected/watched out for the interests of the district (specific mentions) 0397 Other candidate leadership reasons CANDIDATE ONLY -- PERSONAL QUALITIES 0401 Honest/Sincere; keeps promises; man of integrity; means what he says; fair; not tricky; open and candid; straightforward; positive Playboy references - 0402 Dishonest/Insincere; breaks promises; no integrity; doesn't mean what he says; tricky; not open and candid, not straightforward 0403 Man of high principles/ideals; high moral purpose; idealistic (if too idealistic, code 0416) 0404 Lacks principles/ideals 0405 Racist/Bigoted/Prejudiced 0406 Not a racist/bigoted/prejudiced 0407 Public servant; man of duty; conscientious; hard-working; would be full-time President; good attendance record in Congress; dedicated; genuinely interested in serving people 0408 Does not take Public service seriously; lazy; would be a part-time President; poor attendance record in office; not dedicated; not really interested in serving people 0409 Doesn't use office for personal benefit; not in office to maximize personal benefit 0410 Uses/in office (mostly) for personal benefits (junket trips, big salary, other perks) 0411 Patriotic 0412 Unpatriotic 0413 Understands the nation's/district's problems; well-informed; studies up on issues 0414 Doesn't understand the nation's/district's problems; poorly informed; doesn't study up on issues 0415 Realistic 0416 Unrealistic; too idealistic; (if "idealistic" in positive sense, code 0403) 0417 Uses common sense; makes a lot of sense; pragmatic/practical/down-to-earth 0418 Not sensible; impractical 0419 (Too) Well educated; scholarly 0420 Poorly educated; unschooled 0421 Intelligent/Smart 0422 Unintelligent/Stupid/Dumb 0423 Religious; "moral" (in religious sense); God-fearing; "too" religious 0424 Irreligious; "immoral" (in religious sense); Playboy interview (reflects on Carter) 0425 Self-made; not well off; started out as poor; worked his way up; (started out) unpolished/unrefined/rough 0426 Wealthy rich; born with silver spoon in mouth; polished/refined/well mannered 0427 Old hat; has run before; a die-hard; "a loser" (in the past) 0428 Someone new; a fresh face 0429 Don't change horses in midstream 0430 Time for a change 0431 Unsafe/Unstable; dictatorial; craves power; ruthless 0432 Safe/Stable 0433 Sense of humor; jokes a lot (too much) 0434 No sense of humor; humorless (too serious) 0435 Kind/Warm/Gentle 0436 Cold/Aloof 0437 Likeable, gets along with people, friendly, outgoing 0438 Not likeable, can't get along with people 0439 Democratic (in non-partisan sense) 0440 Undemocratic (in non-partisan sense) 0441 High-fallutin'/High-brow; talks in circles, can't talk to common man; can't communicate ideas well 0442 Not high-fallutin'/is low-brow; talks straight; can talk to common man; can communicate ideas well 0443 Well-known; "I know him/her" 0444 Unknown/Not well known 0445 Reference to his family (not 0457) (including "Billygate") 0446 Reference to his w /spouse 0447 Speaking ability 0448 Health 0449 Appearance/Looks/Face/Appearance on TV; his smile 0450 Age (NA how perceived) 0451 (Too) Old 0452 (Too) Young 0453 Mature 0454 Immature 0455 Regional reference; "he's a Southerner"; "he's a Midwesterner"; he comes from the country/a rural area; area reference 0456 Previous occupation; "Carter's a farmer" 0457 He's a family man 0459 Energetic; too energetic 0460 Not energetic 0461 Gender, e.g., "She's a woman" 0462 Racial/Ethnic attribute; "He is a black man" 0495 Other negative personal qualities 0496 Other positive personal qualities 0497 Other candidate personal qualities 0498 References to Playboy interview - NA direction or neutral; "it's OK," "that is what the Bible says" (not 0401) CANDIDATE ONLY -- PARTY CONNECTIONS 0500 A Democrat; good Democrat; typical Democrat 0501 A Republican; good Republican; typical Republican 0502 Controlled by party regulars/bosses, machine 0503 Not controlled by party regulars/bosses 0504 Reference to men around him/staff/followers 0505 Reference to his speeches (except 0447), campaign tactics; mud-slinging 0506 Can win; best choice for party victory 0507 Cannot win; not good choice for party victory 0508 Reference to linkage with other party figures (he's close to the Kennedys, he was close to Eisenhower, etc.) 0509 Would continue/keep/follow Democratic policies (unspecified) 0510 Would change/get rid of " 0511 Would continue/keep/follow Democratic domestic policies (unspecified, not codeable in 0900's) 0512 Would change/get rid of " 0513 Would continue/keep/follow Democratic foreign Policies (unspecified, not codeable in 1000's) 0514 Would change/get rid of " 0515 Would continue/keep/follow Republican Policies (unspecified) 0516 Would change/get rid of " 0517 Would continue/keep/follow Republic domestic Policies (unspecified, not codeable in 0900's) 0518 Would change/get rid of " 0519 Would continue/keep/follow Republican foreign policies (unspecified, not codeable in 1000's) 0520 Would change/get rid of " 0531 More liberal than most Democrats; a Northern Democrat 0532 More conservative " ; a Southern Democrat 0533 More liberal than most Republicans; an Eastern Republican 0534 More conservative " ; a Midwestern/Western/Southern Republican 0535 Will bring in/listen to the (party) liberals 0536 Will bring in/listen to the (party) conservatives 0541 Reference to the Eagleton affair 0542 Reference to vice-presidential incumbent/candidate, running mate (pre. 1980; reference to Agnew) 0551 References to link with "Watergate" -- positive reference to Watergate 0552 Not associated with "Watergate" -- negative reference to Watergate; making too much out of Watergate 0553 Ford's pardon of Nixon -- NA direction or against pardon 0554 " -- pro; brave/right thing to do 0555 Positive references about Anderson's independent candidacy; maybe the country needs a third party, third parties should have more recognition; the two party system needs bucking 0556 Negative references/liabilities related to Anderson's independent candidacy; "he's an independent" (NFS); "we don't need a third party"; "he lacks backing from a party" - 0597 Other candidate party connection reasons PARTY OR CANDIDATE ~ GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT 0601 Good/Efficient/Businesslike administration; balance budget; lower/wouldn't increase national debt; cautious spending 0602 Bad/Inefficient/Unbusinesslike administration; wasteful; "bureaucratic"; deficit budget; higher/increased national debt; overspend 0603 Honest government; not corrupt; no "mess in Washington" 0604 Dishonest/Corrupt government; "mess in Washington"; immorality in government; reference to Hayes, Mills; Lance 0605 (Would) Spend less (than other side); (would) spend too little 0606 (Would) Spend more (than other side); (would) spend too much 0607 Has brought/Will bring about bureaucratic reform 0608 Has not brought/Will not bring about bureaucratic reform 0609 General assessment of fob he/they would do/are doing; is good/bad President; prior are providing good/bad administration 0610 Reference to management/performance in Congress/Supreme Court/other government agency 0611 He has/has not worked well with (Democratic) Congress; would/could have done better with (Republican) Congress; he kept/would keep Congress in check 0612 He will work well/better with Democratic Congress 0613 Gets more done/accomplishes more/more productive 0614 Gets less done/doesn't accomplish as much/less productive 0615 Sympathy/understanding expressed for the complexity/magnitude of the job (e.g. President): tough job 0616 Sympathy/understanding expressed for the difficult situation ("a mess") inherited by the incumbent 0617 Will face (difficult) issues; faces problems directly; faces up to political reality 0618 Will not face (difficult) issues; will not face problems directly; ignores political reality 0697 Other government management reasons PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- MISCELLANEOUS 0701 Just like him/them (NA why); like everything about him/them; "I was hoping he prior would win the (nomination/primaries") 0702 Just dislike/Don't like him/them (NA why); don't like anything about him/them 0703 Will save America; America needs him/them - 0704 Will ruin America; last thing America needs 0705 Will unite Americans/bring people together 0706 Will divide Americans/drive people apart 0707 Speaks of party/candidate as good protector(s); will know what to do; more intelligent 0708 Speaks of party/candidate as bad protector(s); won't know what to do 0709 Good for country (unspecified); trying to do good job; trying; not just out for self/own best interest; has/have country's interests at heart 0710 Bad for country (unspecified); don't have country's interests at heart; only looking out for their own interests 0711 Lesser of two evils 0719 Reference to Chappaquidick; Kennedy's personal problems 0720 Reference to Watergate affair 0721 The way the incumbent came to office; the people should select President 0722 The incumbent should have a chance (on his own)/another chance/second chance 0723 (I believe in/Necessary for a)two-party system; choice between candidates; opposition; balances power of other party 0724 Vote for the man rather than party; look for more qualified man; don't pay attention to parties 0725 The opponent who the candidate ran against; the candidate was the better of the two in general; the candidate ran against someone I really dislike 0796 References to unfair/undeserved/excessive criticism by media or public 0797 Other miscellaneous reasons; other miscellaneous reasons relating to image and candidate/party effect on nation 0726 Splits votes; will elect wrong candidate, "spoiler" 0737 Expression of sympathy/admiration for the candidate's underdog position; trying hard against terrible odds, courageous uphill battle; "I like underdogs"; "they are bucking the guy" (Keeping him off ballot, not taking him seriously, not giving him enough publicity) 0728 Negative comments about the candidate's switching parties, being a turncoat, disloyal to his original party PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY/PHILOSOPHY 0801 General assessment of ideas/policies/stands (specified) 0802 Different from other party/candidate 0803 Same as other party/candidate; not different enough issues (Too) negative; always tearing town other site; no solutions of his/they're Cloned 0805 For government activity; believe government should take care of things; for big government; supports social programs/spending (not 905-907) 0806 Against government activity; believe government involved in too many things; favors reduction in social programs/spending (not 905-907) 0807 Humanistic; favor human beings over property rights 0808 Not humanistic; favor property rights over human beings 0809 Favor social change/reform/progress/improvement of social conditions 0810 Against social change/reform/progress/improvement of social conditions 0811 Socialistic 0812 Anti-socialistic 0813 Communistic/soft on Communism/apologist for Communists/dupe 0814 (Too) anti-Communist/hard-liner on Communism 0815 (Too) liberal (except 0531 or 0533) 0816 (Too) conservative (except 0532 or 0534) 0817 Moderate/middle of the road/for slow change; not an extremist/fanatic 0818 Extremist/fanatic/too far out; not too moderate/not a fence-sitter 0819 Pro Far Right/Birchers/reactionaries; encouraging fascist/police state 0820 Anti " " " ; discouraging 0821 Pro Far Left/radials/Yippies/SDS; encouraging anarchy/guerilla state 0822 Anti " " " " " ; discouraging 0823 Pro Extremists (NA direction)/nuts/bomb-throwers 0824 Anti " " " " " 0827 Pro States'/local/Community Rights; better local government 0828 Anti " " ; worse/weaker local government 0829 For equality; believe everyone should have things equally/be treated equally 0830 Anti-equality; believe some people should have more than others/people should not be treated equally 0831 Generous, compassionate, believe in helping others 0832 Selfish, only help themselves 0833 Acceptance of change/new ideas; less bound to status quo, more open to new ideas/ways of doing things; flexible, innovative 0834 Resistance to change/new ideas; stick to (protect) status quo, resist new - ways of doing things; rigid 0835 Has a well-defined set of beliefs/definite philosophy; does not compromise on principles; has (clear) understanding of goals they stand for 0836 Has poorly defined set of beliefs; lacks a definite philosophy; compromise on principles; has no (clear) understanding of goals they stand for 0837 Favors work ethic; believes in self-reliance/in people working hard to get ahead 0838 Doesn't favor work ethic; believes in people being handed things/in government, handouts (If specific policy mentioned, code in 900's) 0841 Keep track of/control over administration heads, cabinet members, etc.; follow through on policies; determine if programs are working 0842 Don't (as in 0841) 0843 Conditional evaluation: R suggests candidate/party cannot solve problems because not under his/their control (no negative connotations); will he/they be able to do what they say (determining factor outside his/their control); "I like what he says but wonder if he can do it" (if clearly negative, code in 0122 or 0402) 0845 Will involve/wants to involve people in government/decision making; will involve/wants to involve Congress/cabinet/advisors/other government officials 0846 Will not involve people/congress/cabinet/advisors/other government officials in government/decision making 0847 Separation of church and state/religion and politics--pro 0848 Separation of church and state/religion and politics--anti 0897 Other Government Activity/Philosophy Reasons PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- DOMESTIC POLICIES 0900 General assessment of domestic ideas/policies/stands (unspecified) 0901 " of economic policy (unspecified) 0902 Government Economic Control 0903 " -- Pro; we need planned economy; control o 0904 " -- anti; we have too much interference in private enterprise 0905 Welfare/Poverty problems -- NA direction; give-aways 0906 " -- pro government aid/activity 0907 " -- anti government aid/activity; anti give-aways; pro self-help 0908 Social security/Pensions -- NA direction 0909 " -- pro expansion of coverage and/or increase in benefits 0910 " -- anti expansion of coverage and/or increase in benefits; favoring contraction and/or decrease 0911 Unemployment compensation -- NA direction 0912 " -- Pro expansion in coverage and/or increase in benefits 0913 " -- anti expansion in coverage and/or increase in benefits; favoring contraction and/or decrease 0914 Aid to education -- NA direction 0915 " -- pro 0916 " -- anti 0917 Aid to parochial schools -- NA direction 0918 " - 0919 " -- anti 0920 Housing -- NA direction 0921 " -- pro more public housing 0922 " -- anti more public housing 0923 Aid/Programs for older people/the aged, Medicare, Medicaid -- NA direction 0924 " -- pro 0925 " -- anti 0926 Monetary policy 0927 " -- pro loose(r) money; more availability of loans for housing, cars, etc.; lower interest rates 0928 " -- anti loose(r) money; for tight money; less availability of loans; higher interest rates 0929 Tax policy -- NA direction 0930 " -- pro lower taxes 0931 " -- anti lower taxes; for higher taxes 0932 " -- pro reform/fairer system/end of loop-holes/write-offs/dodges 0933 " -- anti reform/fairer system/end of loop-holes/write-offs/dodges 0934 "The Times"/General condition~/Prosperity/The Economy -- better under him/them 0935 " -- worse " 0936 Inflation/Cost of living -- lower/better under him/them 0937 " -- higher/worse 0938 Wages/Salaries/Income/Employment -- higher better under him/them 0940 Prices for producers -- higher/better under him/them 0941 " -- lower/worse " (if farm, see 0943-0945) 0942 General assessment of farm policy (unspecified) 0943 Price supports for farmers -- NA direction 0944 " -- pro higher levels and/or fairer system 0945 " -- anti higher levels and/or change in system 0946 Civil rights/Racial justice/Integration/Desegregation/Voting rights -- NA direction 0947 " -- pro 0948 " -- anti 0949 Civil liberties/Freedom of expression/First Amendment/Privacy -- NA direction 0950 " pro; against snooping. pol. trials, etc. 0951 ' -- anti// for snooping, pol. trials; etc. McCarthyite 0952 General assessment of labor policy (unspecified) 0953 Right to work laws -- NA direction 0954 " -- pro (i.e., opposes unions (anti-labor, code 1208) 0955 " - anti (i.e., supports unions (pro-labor, code 1207) 0956 Strikes -- NA direction 0957 " -- will have fewer/will handle better 0958 " -- will have more/will handle worse 0959 Public power/Utilities/TVA/Atomic Reactors/Nuclear power plants/Etc.-- NA direction 0961 " -- anti 0962 Ecology: Air and Water Pollution -- NA direction 0963 "-- will crack down on polluters, will be activist 0964 " -- won't crack down on polluters; doesn't care; in league with polluters 0965 Veteran's Benefits -- NA direction 0966 " -- pro expansion of coverage and/or increase in benefits 0967 "-- anti expansion of coverage and/or increase in benefits; favoring contraction and/or decrease 0968 Law and order -- NA direction 0969 " -- soft line -- unspecified 0970 " -- " -- blacks 0971 " -- " -- campus demonstrators 0972 " -- " -- criminals/organized crime/hoodlums/street crime 0973 " -- " -- anti power of police; court interference 0974 " -- hard line -- unspecified 0975 " -- " -- blacks 0976 " -- " -- campus demonstrators 0977 " -- " -- criminals/organized crime/hoodlums/street crime 0978 " -- " -- pro power of police; reduced court interference 0979 Public morality -- NA direction 0980 " -- Strict/older/traditionalistic outlook; improve/renew morality of country 0981 " -- permissive/newer/modernistic outlook 0982 Drugs -- NA direction 0983 " -- pro legalization/decriminalization; soft-liner 0984 " -- anti legalization/decriminalization; hard-liner 0985 Abortion and birth control -- NA direction 0986 " -- pro reform/legalization; new outlook 0987 " -- anti reform/legalization; traditional outlook 0988 Gun control -- NA direction 0989 " -- pro controls 0990 " -- anti; "everyone has the right to own a gun" 0991 Busing -- NA direction 0992 " -- pro; against neighborhood school 0993 " -- anti; for neighborhood school 0994 Urban problem/Cities -- NA direction 0995 " -- pro government aid/activity 0996 " -- anti government aid/activity 0997 Other domestic policy reasons 1001 National Health Insurance -- NA direction 1002 " -- pro 1003 " -- anti 1004 Energy/Gas shortage -- Development of alternative energy source, NA direction 1005 " -- pro development of alternative energy source, better/handled better; more fuel 1006 " -- anti development of alternative energy source, worse/handled worse; less fuel References to nuclear energy should be coded in 0959 1007 Government programs to make more jobs -- NA direction; make-work programs; CETA; WPA: CCA 1008 " -- pro 1009 " -- anti 1010 Confidence/Trust in government -- NA direction 1011 " -- would handle better; restore confidence 1012 " -- would handle worse; cause loss of confidence 1013 ERA; women's rights -- NA direction 1014 " -- pro 1015 " -- anti 1016 Influx of political/economic refugees (Cubans, Haitians, Mexicans, etc.)--NA direction 1017 Influx of political/economic refugees (Cubans, Haitians, Mexicans, etc.)--pro 1018 " " " " --anti 1019 School prayer -- NA direction 1020 " --pro 1021 " --anti 1022 Gay rights -- NA direction 1023 " --pro 1024 " --anti 1025 Health -- NA direction 1026 " --pro government programs/aid for mentally ill, disabled, handicapped 1027 " --anti " " " (except 0923, 0924, 0925) PARTY OR CANDIDATE -- FOREIGN POLICIES 1101 General assessment of foreign ideas/policies/stands (unspecified) 1102 Foreign policies more clear-cut/decisive; less bungling - issues 1103 Foreign policies less clear-cut/decisive; more bungling 1104 Internationalist/Interested in other countries' problems/Interested in world role/Pro-UN and allies; meddling in other people 'e problems 1105 Isolationist/America First/Fortress America/Would meddle less in other people's problems 1106 strong military position/Preparedness/Weapons systems/Pentagon spending/Overkill 1107 Weak military portion/Pentagon spending cutbacks/No overkill/Reduce armed forces 1108 Cold-war oriented; opposes detente; international Communist-fighter 1109 Against cold war/Wants thaw/Detente/Understanding with international communists (if NA whether international, code in 0813-0814) 1110 Military aid to allies -- NA 1111 " -- pro 1112 " -- anti 1113 Economic aid/Foreign aid/AID/Non-military aid -- NA direction 1114 " -- pro 1115 " -- 1118 Mideast -- _ direction; any references to oil embargo; boycott of companies -- dealing with Israel 1119 " -- handle better/more experience; positive comments about Arab-Israeli peace treaty 1120 " -- handle worse/less experience; negative comments about Arab-Israeli peace treaty 1121 " -- pro-Israel/anti-Arabs 1122 " -- anti-Israel/pro-Arabs; wishy-washy on Israel 1123 Red China -- NA direction 1124 " -- handle better/more experience/doing well, better 1125 " -- handle worse/ less experience/doing poorly 1126 " -- pro understanding/thaw/detente/new relationships/recognition/ admission to UN 1127 " -- anti understanding/thaw/detente/new relationships/recognition/ admission to UN; defender of Formosa/Chaiang Nationalists 1128 Russia -- NA direction 1129 " -- handle better/more experience 1130 " -- handle worse/less experience 1131 " -- pro understanding/thaw/detente/broadening of relations; SALT II 1132 " -- anti understanding/thaw/detente/broadening of relations; SALT II 1133 Eastern Europe -- NA direction 1134 " ~ handle better/more experience 1135 " -- handle worse /lens experience 1136 " -- pro defense of Iron-Curtain countries 1137 " ~ anti defense of Iron-Curtain countries 1138 Latin America -- NA direction 1139 -- handle better/more experience 1140 " handle worse /less experience 1141 "-- pro-third-world Mature; reach understanding with Castro/Chile/ neutrals; anti-colonialism/European power 1142 "-- anti-third-world posture; hard anti-communism/anti-revolutionary policy; pro-colonialism/European powers 1143 Africa -- NA direction 1144 " -- handle better/more experience 1145 -- handle worse /less experience 1146 -- pro-third-world posture; reach understanding with leftists/neutrals; anti-colonialism/European powers 1147 -- anti-third-world posture; hard anti-communism/anti-revolutionary policy; pro-colonialism/European powers 1148 Asia/India -- NA direction 1149 " -- handle better/more experience 1150 " -- handle worse /less experience 1151 " -- pro India/Bangladesh 1152 " -- pro Pakistan 1157 Vietnam/Indochina/Southeast Asia -- NA direction 1158 " -- better chance for peace 1159 " -- poorer chance for peace; failed to end war 1160 " -- pro military victory/preservation of Saigon regime 1161 " -- anti military victory/willing to sacrifice Thieu/Ky favoring withdrawal 1163 -- will bring Policy change (unspecified) 1116 Trouble spats (not specifically coded)-- would handle better (Panama)(Afghanistan) 1117 -- would handle worse (Panama) (Afghanistan) 1153 Would raise American Prestige 1154 Would lower American prestige, not maintain American prestige 1155 Would have better chance for Peace (unspecified); not get us into trouble abroad 1156 Would have poorer chance for peace (unspecified); get Us into war/trouble abroad 1164 Tariffs -- NA direction 1165 " -- pro free trade/reduced tariffs; would not protect US labor from foreign competition 1166 " -- anti free trade; for high tariffs; would protect US labor from foreign competition 1167 Trade with communists ~ NA direction 1168 " - pro 1169 " -- anti 1170 Draft -- NA direction 1171 " -- pro volunteer army/abolition of peacetime draft 1172 " -- anti volunteer army; for peacetime draft 1173 " -- pro amnesty/pardon 1174 " -- anti amnesty/draft dodgers/pardon 1178 Amnesty -- NA direction 1175 POW-MIA -- Will Bet prisoners back, will not abandon them 1176 POW-MIA -- Will not Ret prisoners back, will abandon them 1177 POW-MIA -- _ direction 1179 Did a good job of getting the boys/country out of Vietnam war; got us out of Vietnam 1180 Should have won Vietnam war; gave too much away and then pulled out 1181 Kissinger's foreign policy; secrecy; shuttle diplomacy -- NA direction 1182 " -- pro 1183 " -- anti 1184 Military/Defense position/spending -- NA direction or neutral(not 1106, 1107) 1185 Priorities in military/defense spending(not reduction or increase but allocation of existing defense budget--pro) 1186 Priorities in military/defense spending;(not reduction or increase but allocation of existing defense budget ~ anti) 1187 Iranian crisis; American hostages - NA direction 1188 " " - has handled well/would handle better 1189 " .. - has handled poorly/would handle worse 1190 Nuclear freeze/Disarmament--NA direction 1191 " " --pro 1192 " " --anti 1197 Other foreign policy reasons PARTY OR CANDIDATE - GROUP CONNECTIONS 1201 Special interests/Privileged people/Influential people -- pro 1202 " -- anti 1203 "People like me" -- pro - 1204 " -- anti } NA whether 1205, 1206 1205 Common man/People/Little people/Working people -- pro 1206 " -- anti 1207 Labor/Unions/Labor bosses/Racketeers -- pro 1208 " -- anti 1209 Big Business/Corporate rich/The rich individuals/People with power/Wall Street/Industry/Upper classes -- pro 1210 (As 1209) -- anti 1211 Small businessman -- pro 1212 " -- anti 1213 White collar workers/Salaried people/Middle class -- pro 1214 " -- anti 1215 Farmers/Country people -- pro 1216 " -- anti 1217 Blacks/Black people/Negroes -- pro 1218 " -- anti 1219 People on welfare/ADC mothers/"Chiselers" - pro 1220 "-- anti 1221 Old people/Senior citizens -- pro 1222 " -- anti 1223 Young people/Kids/"Freaks"/Hippies -- pro 1224 " -- anti 1225 Women/Feminists/Women's Liberationists -- pro 1226 " -- anti 1227 Veterans/Servicemen -- pro 1228 " -- anti 1229 Ethnic or racial group (except 1217-1218); Minority groups (NA composition) -- pro 1231 Section of the country -- pro 1232 " -- anti 1233 Poor people/needy people -- pro 1234 " " -- anti 1235 Civil servants - pro 1236 Civil servants -- anti 1297 Other group connection reasons MISSING DATA CODES 9001 R has been influenced by spouse 9002 R has been influenced by someone else 9996 Refused to say 9997 Other miscellaneous 9998 DK 9999 NA 0000 Inap, no further mentions >> 1982 IMPORTANT PROBLEM CODE SOCIAL WELFARE PROBLEMS 001. General reference to domestic issues 005. POPULATION; any mention of population increase; reference to over-population/birth control 045. PRO-ABORTION 046. ANTI-ABORTION 049. Other specific references to abortion 010. UNEMPLOYMENT; general reference to employment/unemployment; compensation; job retraining, etc. 011. For increased unemployment compensation; more or better job retraining; aid to depressed economic areas; government creation of jobs 012. Against (increased) unemployment compensations; less job retraining; no government creation of jobs 019. Other specific references to employment/unemployment (no`: 200's) 020. EDUCATION; general reference to financial assistance for schools/ colleges; quality of education 021. For (increased) aid to education, financial assistance to schools and/or colleges; need for improved school materials; need for better teachers/education 022. Against aid to education 029. Other specific reference to education 030. AGED/ELDERLY; general reference to aged; social security; medicate, medical care for the aged; administration of social security 031. For (increased) assistance to the aged; increased social security; for government supported medical care for the aged, "medicate" 032. Against (increased) assistance to the aged; against additional social security; anti-"medicare" 039. Other specific references to the aged 040. HEALTH PROBLEMS; general reference to quality of care; COST OF MEDICAL CARE; medical research, training of doctors and other health personnel; hospitals; National Health Insurance 041. For increased (government supported) quality of care; more medical research and training of related personnel; for National Health Insurance 042. Against (government) supported medical care, National Health Insurance, etc. 043. MENTAL HEALTH care/facilities/problems - (all references) 048. Other specific references to health problems 050. HOUSING; general reference (not 054) 051. For (additional) legislation/expenditure on housing (not 055) 052. Against (additional) legislation/expenditures on housing (not 056) 054. URBAN RENEWAL/PLANNING; general reference to ghettos, slums, urban blight; model cities programs; include general reference to "urban problems"; (mass transit code 480) 055. For urban renewal; model cities program; rent subsidies, etc. 056. Against urban renewal; model cities program, rent subsidies, etc. 059. Other specific reference to housing and urban problems 060. POVERTY; general reference to poor/underprivileged people; welfare programs (such as ADC), general reference anti-poverty programs 061. For (additional) welfare assistance (for help, education/Jobs for the poor) (except 063) 062. Against additional welfare assistance (except 064) 063. For (additional) welfare assistance specifically to blacks and other minority groups 064. Against (additional) welfare assistance specifically to blacks and other minority groups: INDIANS, MEXICAN-AMERICANS, CHICANOS, PUERTO RICANS etc. 069. Other specific references to poverty 090. SOCIAL WELFARE PROBLEMS; vague or general reference to other social welfare problems; (except 091 and 092) or other specific reference; "welfare" 091. For general or other social welfare programs; "we need to help people more" 092. Against general or other social welfare programs; "too many give away programs for the people who don't deserve it" AGRICULTURE Problems 100. FARM ECONOMICS; general reference to payment for crops, price of feed, cost of farming, etc.; cattle kill 101. Too much being Paid to farmers for crops (not 400) 102. Too little being Paid to farmers for crops (not 400) 103. For SUBSIDIES/crop payments/sld to farmers 104. Against subsidies/crop payments/aid to farmers 109. Other specific references to farm economics (including mention of unfavorable economic consequences to farmers from embargo of grain sales/shipments to Russia 120. WORLD FOOD PROBLEMS; general reference to food shortages/ starvation/famine (not 406,407) 121. For (SURPLUS FOOD DISPOSAL; providing food to other countries; food programs) 122. airs; shouldn't provide food to other countries; food programs 129. Other specific references to surplus food distribution 140. FARM LABOR SUPPLY; general reference to supply of migrant labor 141. For increased migrant agricultural labor 142. Against increased migrant agricultural labor 145. Other specific reference to farm labor supplies 147. Other (specific) reference to NON-ECONOMIC FARM PROBLEMS/PROGRAMS (not dealing with* economics 148. Generally for other specific farm/agricultural programs/legislation/expenditures 149. Generally against other specific farm/agricultural programs/legislation/expenditures NATURAL RESOURCES 150. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; general reference to conservation, ecology; the environment in general 151. For conservation programs; additional legislation for controlling pollution, water and air; in favor of legislative solutions for environmental problems 152. Against (additional of increased) conservation programs; against legislation for controlling water and air pollution; against legislative of forced solutions for environmental problems 153. Pollution (no specific program mentioned, not codeable in 151, 152) 154. Disposal of radioactive west (dumps, landfills) 159. Other specific references to conservation/natural resources (not 160-169) 160. DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES; general reference to harbors, dams canals, irrigation, flood control, navigation, reclamation; location, mining, stock-piling of minerals; water power, atomic power; development of alternative sources of energy(includes mentions of solar or nuclear power) 161. For the DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES (not 151); need to develop alternative sources of energy(includes mentions of solar or nuclear power 162. Against (additional or increased) DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES; high cost of development of natural resources to the environment (not 152); against programs to develop alternative sources of energy(includes mentions of solar or nuclear power) 169. Other specific reference to the development of natural resources 190. Other specific reference to other natural resources problems 191. For other specific (additional) natural resources programs/legislation 192. Against other specific (additional) natural resources legislation/programs LABOR PROBLEMS: UNION-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS 200. LABOR/UNION PROBLEMS; general reference to union practices 201. Anti-Union; protection of workers from unions, right to work laws: democracy in unions; elimination of racketeers/communists in unions; financial accountability of union officials; anti-union legislation 202. SUPPORT OF UNIONS; vis a vis employers; freedom to strike; permission for closed shop; pro-union legislation (except 204) 203. For "United Farm Workers"; "Anti Teamsters" 204. For protection of migrant laborers (except 141, 142) 205. Against protection of migrant laborers (except 141, 142) 209. Other specific reference to labor/union problems 210. (ARBITRATION OF) LABOR MANAGEMENT DISPUTES; ger. rat reference to strikes/ walkouts, binding arbitration 211. For arbitration of labor management disputes; central prevention of strikes/ binding arbitration 212. Against arbitration of labor management disputes; in favor of strikes (as tactic) 219. Other specific reference to (arbitration of) labor management disputes 220. Anti-union; unions too powerful 290. Other specific references to labor problems 291. For other specific proposals/programs/legislation central to union management relations 292. Against other specific proposals/programs/legislation central to union management relations RACIAL PROBLEMS 300. CIVIL RIGHTS/RACIAL PROBLEMS general or vague reference in which R's personal perspective is unclear; NA R's. perspective 301. Protection (EXPANSION) OF CIVIL RIGHTS OF BLACKS; housing integration; fair employment practices; right to vote; fair treatment by police 302. PROTECTION (expansion) OF WHITE MAJORITY; maintenance of segregation; right to choose own neighborhood; right to discriminate in employment 303. Protection (EXPANSION) OF CIVIL RIGHTS TO OTHER (or all) MINORITY GROUPS 304. Discrimination against whites; preferred treatment given to minorities 310. BUSING; general reference 311. PRO-BUSING; school integration 312. ANTI-BUSING; maintenance of segregated schools 317. Other specific reference to civil rights/racial problems 318. For other specific programs/proposals/legislation for (extending)civil rights 319. Against other specific programs/proposals/legislation for (extending) civil rights PUBLIC ORDER PROBLEMS 330. WOMEN'S RIGHTS/LIBERATION; general reference 331. Pro-Women's rights/liberation; for ERA 332. Anti-Women's rights/liberation; against ERA 339. Other specific references to women's rights/liberation 350. CIVIL LIBERTIES; general reference to rights of accused, freedom of speech etc. 351. For (expansion of) civil liberties/rights of accused/freedom of speech, etc. 352. Against (expansion of) civil liberties/rights of accused/freedom of speech 340. CRIME/VIOLENCE; general reference to crime 362. Too much crime; streets aren't safe; mugging, murder, shoplifting 343. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY; any mention (not 320's or 383) 359. General or specific references to human rights; "discrimination" -- put codeable in 300-304, 330-339) 360. LAW AND ORDER; general reference to law/police enforcement (see also 369) 361. For greater law/police enforcement 362. Against police brutality, police state, wiretapping, etc. 363. Against PROTEST/DEMONSTRATIONS; violence in the streets (except 364) 364. Against STUDENT DISORDERS, DISTURBANCES; riots on campus 365. In favor of LEGALIZED GAMBLING; legal control of gambling; gambling (NA direction) 366. Against GAMBLING; against legal/legislative control of gambling 367. Against unregistered ownership of guns; legislative control of guns; "CONTROL OF GUNS" 368. For gun ownership; right to have guns; against gun control 320. NARCOTICS; general reference to drugs; drug addiction; pep pills, LSD, MARIJUANA 321. Against use of narcotics, LSD, Marijuana, alcohol, etc. 322. For legalizing marijuana; for controlled use of narcotics, LSD, etc. 329. Other specific mention of narcotics/drugs/alcohol etc. 369. Specific mention of "law and order" 370. General mention of extremist groups; terrorists; terrorist bombings; terrorist hijackings; political subversives; revolutionary ideas/approaches, NA direction 372. Against extremist groups; terrorists; subversives (except 373, 374) 373. Against Arab terrorists; PLO 374. Terrorist hijacking 395. Control of (internal)communist threat; Communists 379. Other specific mention of terrorist groups/subversives 380. General mention of MORAL/RELIGIOUS DECAY (of nation) 381. Family problems -- divorce; proper treatment of children; decay of family 383. YOUNG PEOPLE (except 361); general reference to drinking (except 321), sexual freedom, discipline, mixed-up thinking, "hippies"; communication with young, etc. 390. Other specific reference to public order problems ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS PROBLEMS If R mentions both "Inflation" (400) and rise in prices of specific items (407-409) in F52 code "Inflation" (400). (see also 496) 400. INFLATION; general reference to inflation; high prices; high cost of living 401. For wage and/or price guidelines; wage and/or price controls, freezing prices; control of business profits 402. Against wage and/or price controls; against control of business profits 403. High price of food, all mentions (except 100) 404. High price of other specific items and services 405. MINIMUM WAGE; any mention; any mention of wage levels 406. SHORTAGES -- general reference (except 120); NA what; phony shortages; people wasteful 407. Food shortages; economic aspects of food shortages e.g. price of sugar (other references code 120) 408. Fuel shortages; 'energy crisis'; oil companies making excessive profits 409. Other specific references to shortages 410. RECESSION, DEPRESSION; general reference, prosperity of the nation, economic growth 411. MONETARY RESTRAINTS/CONTROLS; general reference to interest rates, etc. 412. For loosening of monetary restraints; for lowering interest rates 413. Against loosening of monetary restraints; high interest rates 414. For (increased) government spending; other (specific) government stimulation of the economy e.g. work programs (not 412) 415. Against (increased) government spending; balancing of the (national) budget, against government stimulation of the economy 416. TAXES; general reference to tax structure; tax surcharge (NA R's DIRECTION); other specific tax reference 417. For tax cuts; against tax surcharge 418. Against tax cuts; for tax surcharge 419. Other specific references to recession/depression; other specific references to monetary/fiscal controls 420. CONSTRUCTION/HOUSING; all references to housing starts, construction costs, etc. 421. Business profits are (too) high 422. Business profits are not (too) high 423. Prices are declining, wholesale or retail -- any mention; optimistic economic indications 424. Increased productivity of American industry; "a days work for a days pay"; revitalize American industry 425. STOCK MARKET/GOLD PRICES; all references to gold prices, stoc breakers, stock fluctuations, etc. 426. Gold outflow; control of foreign investments made by U.S. companies/citizens 427. Devaluation of the dollar 430. ANTI-TRUST LAWS PROTECTION OF SHALL BUSINESSES; general reference to anti-trust laws/legislation 431. For (increased) prosecution under anti-trust laws; protection of small businesses from discount houses, chains, large corporations; fair trade laws 432. Against prosecution under anti-trust laws; (additional) control of business, stifling of individual initiative/free enterprise 433. Large businesses taking over small businesses 434. Small businesses holding their own 439. Other specific references to Anti-Trust laws/legislation 440. Class oriented economic concerns -- middle class, working class (pro); MIDDLE CLASS GETTING SQUEEZED 441. Class oriented economic concerns ~ big business, monied interests (anti); too powerful 442. Concern for inequitable distribution of wealth 450. TREND TOWARD SOCIALISM; general reference - NA R's direction 451. For the regulation of interstate commerce, transportation; air travel, railways, government auto safety regulations; in favor of increased government regulation of business 452. Against (increased) regulation of interstate commerce, transportation; AIR TRAVEL, RAILWAYS, ETC. 453. For the regulation of communication; government control of content of the media; control of media channels 454. Against the regulation of communication; control of content of the media; control of media channels 459. Other specific references to government control, trends toward socialism 460. IMMIGRATION POLICY; general reference 461. For immigration policy; against open immigration 462. Immigration policies for open immigration, relaxation of immigration quotas 463. Problems relating to the influx of political/economic refugees (Cubans, Haitians, Mexicans, etc.) 469. Other specific references to immigration policies 490. Other specific references to economic problems 491. Economics- general; "Economics" NFS 492. International economics -- general 493. U.S. foreign trade, balance of payments position; foreign oil dependency 496. The economy-not further specified (code specific mention if R clarifies by saying "inflation", etc.; also see 400) Code 496 was added due to the great increase in the number of unqualified responses of --"the economy". In past studies such non-specific responses, far fewer in number, were* assumed to be references to the inflation problem and were coded as 400. 494. Control of foreign investment in US; limitation of foreign imports; restriction on foreign car imports; general reference to problems of automobile industry CONSUMER PROTECTION 1 470. CONSUMER PROTECTION; general reference 471. For (increased) CONSUMER PROTECTION LEGISLATION; truth in labeling, packaging, lending; control of medicines; poisons, harmful products; no fault insurance 472. Against (increased) CONSUMER PROTECTION LEGISLATION; etc. 474. SAFETY; general reference to consumer safety 475. For (increased) AUTO, highway, airplane SAFETY 476. Against (increased) legislative AUTO, highway, airplane safety 479. Other specific references to consumer protection/safety 480. MASS TRANSPORTATION; general reference 481. F (increased) mass transportation; mass transportation legislation/ expenditures 482. Against (increased) legislation/expenditures for mass transportation 483. Control of public utilities; utility rates 484. Roads, highways, bridges; general unspecified transportation 489. Other specific references to mass transportation 495. Other specific consumer protection problems FOREIGN AFFAIRS 500. FOREIGN RELATIONS/FOREIGN AFFAIRS; general reference to foreign relations/affairs, prestige abroad 505. Relations with WESTERN EUROPE; Great Britain, France, Germany; our allies - general mention 506. For better relations with Western Europe 507. Against better relations with Western Europe 509. Other specific references to Western Europe 510. VIETNAM; general reference to "the war", Indochina, Cambodia; aid 511. For (increased) aid to Indochina, Vietnam, Cambodia 512. Against (increased) aid to Indochina, Vietnam, Cambodia 513. CUBA; any references 514. Latin America, South America - any references 515. Iran; mention of American hostages in Teheran 516. African countries; developing areas in Africa (not 518) any mention 517. Asian countries - any mention (not 510, 520) 518. Turkey/Greece 519. Other foreign countries/areas/specific trouble spots (except 520's, 530's) 520. COMMUNIST CHINA; general references 521. For peaceful relations with Communist China; increased aid/trade with Communist China 522. Against a policy of peaceful relations with Communist China; against increased aid/trade with Communist China 529. Other specific reference to Communist China 524. MIDDLE EAST-general reference, including Arab/Israeli conflict & Iran-Iraq War (not 518, 525, 526 or 527) 525. Support of policy favoring Israel; increased aid to Israel; against support of Arab states 526. Support of policy favoring the Arab states; increased aid to Arab states; against (increased) support of Israel 527. Mention of other problems or specific country in the Middle East (not 524-526, or 518) 530. RUSSIA; general reference to Russia(USSR), Eastern Europe, detente 531. For PEACEFUL RELATIONS with Russia/Detente/Eastern Europe; for increased TRADE with Russia 532. Against policy of Detente with Russia; COLD WAR; threat of external Communism 533. Prevention of Russian (Communist) Expansion; mention of Soviet invasion and occupation of Afghanistan - any reference 539. Other specific references to Russia/Detente/Eastern Europe; etc. (including changing site/boycotting 1980 Moscow Olympics) 540. FIRMNESS IN FOREIGN POLICY; any reference to maintenance of position of MILITARY/DIPLOMATIC STRENGTH (except 551; not 710-712) 550. U.S. FOREIGN (MILITARY) INVOLVEMENT/COMMITMENT, general reference to extent of U.S. Foreign involvement; military assistance/aid (except 510 and 524) 551. For increased foreign (military) involvement; for increased (military) commitment (except 511, 525, 526, 540); 552. Against increased foreign involvement; against increased (military) commitment (except 512, 525, 526) 559. Other specific reference to Foreign Military Involvement/Commitment 560. U.S. FOREIGN (ECONOMIC) INVOLVEMENT/COMMITMENTS; general reference to extent of U.S. (foreign) economic aid 561. For (increased) U.S. ECONOMIC INVOLVEMENT; foreign economic aid programs; "foreign aid" (except 520's) 562. Against (increased) U.S. economic involvement; foreign economic aid programs; "foreign aid" 569. Other specific reference to U.S. (economic) foreign aid 570. Prevention of war; ESTABLISHMENT OF PEACE; any reference 580. General reference to relation with the UNITED NATIONS 581. For the United Nations 582. Against (increased) support of United Nations 585. Obligation to TAKE CARE OF PROBLEMS AT HOME before helping foreign countries 590. Other specific foreign affairs problems/items NATIONAL DEFENSE 700. NATIONAL DEFENSE; general reference, defense budget 710. DISARMAMENT; general reference to ENDING OF THE ARMS RACE; nuclear proliferation; test ban treaty (not 540); SALT 711. For DISARMAMENT; for extension of test ban treaty; support toward ending of arms race; against (additional) expenditures on military/arms development; SALT 712. Against (increased) policy of DISARMAMENT; against test ban treaty; for additional WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT; missile program; scientific/technological development in weapons/strategy; atomic bomb testing; increased DEFENSE BUDGET, increased arms expenditure (not 540); SALT; increased pay for military personnel 713. General or specific references to functioning and performance of defense; waste, inefficiency, not codeable in 710-712 719. Other specific reference to the Arms race/disarmament 730. General reference to THE DRAFT; selective service system; universal conscription 731. For reinstatement of the draft 732. Against reinstatement of the draft 734. AMNESTY; general reference to amnesty for draft dodgers/Ford's Plan 736. Against amnesty for draft dodgers/Ford's Plan 739. Other specific reference to amnesty for draft dodgers/Ford's Plan 740. SPACE RACE; any mention 750. MORALE OF NATION; Patriotism; National spirit; national unity; greed, selfishness of people 760. BENEFITS FOR VETERANS; general reference 761. For (increased) benefits for veterans 762. Against (increased) benefits for veterans 769. Other specific references to benefits for veterans 770. Influence of-military; Civilian control of military; defense management - any mention 790. Other specific national defense items ISSUES RELATING TO THE FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT 800. POWER OF THE (FEDERAL) GOVERNMENT; general reference, NA specifically 805. GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF INFORMATION; SECRECY; news management; over classification of information - any mention 810. (LACK OF) HONESTY IN GOVERNMENT; (LACK OF) ETHICS IN GOVERNMENT general reference (except 811) 811. LACK OF PERSONAL ETHICS/morality of persons related to/or part of government 815. (news) Media bias; slanting/twisting of the news 819. Other specific reference to honesty/ethics in government 820. CAMPAIGN DONATIONS/PUBLIC FINANCING OF ELECTIONS; any mentions 830. CONFIDENCE/TRUST in political leaders/system - general reference 831. Increased confidence/trust in political leaders/system, wisdom, ability, general representativeness of political leaders, congressmen, Supreme Court 832. Decreased confidence/trust in political leaders/system; little wisdom, ability,general representativeness of political leaders, congressmen, Supreme Court, need for better politicians/political system 833. QUALITY/EFFICIENCY; general reference to the quality of public employees, diplomats, civil service, GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY: COST OF GOVERNMENT 834. Increased quality/efficiency of public employees, diplomats, civil service; need for large government bureaucracy; increase cost of government 835. Decreased quality/efficiency of public employees, diplomats, civil service; decrease government bureaucracy: decrease cost of government 836. COMPENSATION; all references to the compensation of government employees, officials, congressmen, judges, local politicians/bureaucrats 837. Waste in government spending; keeping tabs on where money goes 840. SIZE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT; general reference to the (large) size of government/civil service/bureaucracy 841. For a more powerful (federal) government; less state rights; increased centralism 842. Against (increased) power of the (federal) government; more states rights; federal government is too powerful vis a vis states 849. Other specific references to the size of the government vis a vis states 850. POWER OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE; Power of the president - general reference 851. ~ power 852. Against (greater) presidential power 853. POWER OF CONGRESS - general reference 854. For (increased) Congressional power; congress should do more, take more initiative 855. Against (increased) Congressional power 856. POWER OF THE SUPREME COURT, all other references to the Supreme Court except 857, 858 857. For (increased) role by the Supreme Court 858. Against (increased) role by the Supreme Court 859. Other specific references to the (federal) balance of power 860. APPORTIONMENT; general reference to problems of representation 861. Need for reapportionment; under representation of cities/suburbs 862. FAIR ELECTION PROCEDURES; prevention of vote manipulation; curbing of political "bosses", smear campaigns 869. Other specific references to problems of representation 870. CAPABILITY/OTHER QUALITIES (pertaining to the representativeness) OF POLITICAL LEADERS, congressmen, judges (except Watergate) 871. Government/politicians catering to special/pressure groups; lack of devotion to general welfare; LACK OF SERVICE TO ALL THE PEOPLE; lobbying; lobbyist 872. PRESIDENT REAGAN; general reference to REAGAN's style/quality 873. Pro-Reagan comments, complimentary comments regarding quality and style of the president 874. Lack of support for Reagan; any anti-Reagan comments, negative reference REAGAN's quality, style, etc. 875. Incumbent Congressman: mentions relating to appraisals of incumbents performance or experience (including voting record, seniority, experience) 876. Mentions relating to candidate differences rooted in personal qualities, party affiliations or ideological positions 879. Other specific references to quality of political leaders 880. DEMOCRATIC LANDSLIDE; all references to unequal representation of parties/ constituents in congress 881. New president/New administration getting started; other references specific to the President 882. Issues pertaining to the district economy; federal spending in the district, in general or for specific projects 885. PUBLIC APATHY/disinterest - all references 886. Getting people (back) together; unity of our people 890. Other specific issues relating to the functioning of government WATERGATE Problems 950. WATERGATE/TAPES; general reference to Watergate except 951-957 951. Against government allocation of time/money for Watergate issues; trial too much time spent on Watergate 952. For the expose on Watergate/trial; get to the bottom of Watergate 954. NIXON PARDON; general mention of Ford's pardon of Nixon 955. Against Nixon's parson 956. For Nixon' B pardon 959. Other specific Watergate mentions NON-POLITICAL PROBLEMS 995. "There were no issues;" "there were no issues, just party politics" 996. "There was no campaign in my district" 997. Other 998. DK 999 NA 000. Inap, no further mention; no problems >> 1982 STATE AND COUNTRY CODE UNITED STATES New England 101. Connecticut 102. Maine 103. Massachusetts 104. New Hampshire 105. Rhode Island 106. Vermont 109. General mention of area; two or more states in area Middle Atlantic 111. Delaware 112. New Jersey 113. New York 114. Pennsylvania 118. General mention of area; two or more states in area 119. East; mention of states in both New England and Middle Atlantic areas East North Central 121. Illinois 122. Indiana 123. Michigan 124. Ohio 125. Wisconsin 129. General mention of area; two or more states in area West North Central 131. Iowa 132. Kansas 133. Minnesota 134. Missouri 135. Nebraska 136. North Dakota 137. South Dakota 138. General mention of area; two or more states in area 139. Midwest; mention of states in both East North Central and West North Central areas Solid South 141. Alabama 142. Arkansas 143. Florida 144. Georgia 145. Louisiana 146. Mississippi 147. North Carolina 148. South Carolina 149. Texas 140. Virginia 157. General mention of area; the South; two or more states in area Border States 151. Kentucky 152. Maryland 153. Oklahoma 154. Tennessee 155. Washington, D.C. 156. West Virginia 158. General mention of area; two or more states in area 159. South; mention of states in both Solid South and Border States areas Mountain States 161. Arizona 162. Colorado 163. Idaho 164. Montana 165. Nevada 166. New Mexico 167. Utah 168. Wyoming 169. General mention of area; two or more stares in area Pacific States 171. California 172. Oregon 173. Washington 178. General mention of area; two or more states in area 179. West; mention of states in both Mountain States and Pacific States areas External States and Territories 180. Alaska 181. Hawaii 182. Puerto Rico 183. American Samoa, Guam 184. Panama Canal Zone 185. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 186. Virgin Islands 187. Other U.S. Dependencies, reference to Two or More States from Different Regions of the U.S.; or NA which State 191. Northeast and South (New England or Middle Atlantic and Solid~South or Border State=) 192. Northeast and Midwest (New England or Middle Atlantic and East North Central or West North Central) 194. West (Mountain States or Pacific States) or Midwest 195. West and South (Solid South or Border States) 196. Midwest and South 198. Lived in 3 or more regions (NA whether lived in one more than the rest) 199. United States, NA which state WESTERN HEMISPHERE (except U.S.) North America 201. North America (except U.S.) comb. Canada, Mexico, and/or Central America) 207. Canada - ancestry of Anglo-Saxon origin 208. Canada - ancestry of French origin 209. Canada - NA origin or other origin 219. Mexico 229. Central America West Indies (except Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands) 231. Barbados 232. Cuba 233. Dominican Republic 234. Haiti 235. Jamaica 236. Netherlands Antilles 237. Trinidad and Tobago 238. Islands of Lesser Antilles - except Virgin Islands and Netherlands Antilles 239. West Indies (except Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands ) or "Caribbean" - reference to two or more West Indian countries South America 259. South America, South American country or countries British Isles Western Europe 301. England 302. Ireland (NA North or South); southern Ireland 303. Scotland 304. Wales 305. North Ireland (Ulster) 306. Scot-Irish 308. United Kingdom, Great Britain 309. "British Isles"; General mention of area - reference to two or more countries of the British Isles 310. Austria 311. Belgium 312. France 313. Federal Republic of Germany (W. Germany) 314. German Democratic Republic (E. Germany) 315. Germany - NA East or West 316. Luxembourg 317. Netherlands; Holland 318. Switzerland 319. "Western Europe"; general mention of area - reference to two or more countries of Western Europe Scandinavia 321. Denmark 322. Finland 323. Norway 324. Sweden 325. Iceland 328. General mention of area of Western Europe and/or Scandinavia and/or British Isles and/or Mediterranean countries and/or Greece; reference to two or more countries in different areas listed 329. "Scandinavia"; general mention of area - reference to two or more Scandinavian countries Eastern Europe 331. Czechoslovakia (Slovak) 332. Estonia 333. Hungary 334. Latvia 335. Lithuania 336. Poland 337. Russia (or USSR) 338. Ukraine 339. "Eastern Europe"; general mention of area - reference to two or more countries of Eastern Europe Balkan Countries 341. Albania 342. Bulgaria 343. Greece 344. Rumania 345. Yugoslavia 348. General mention of area - reference to two or more Balkan countries 349. "Balkans"; general reference of area - reference to countries in Eastern Europe and Balkan Countries Mediterranean Countries 351. Italy 352. Portugal 353. Spain 354. Malta or Gogo 399. "EUROPE"; general mention of area - reference to two or more countries of Europe in different areas ASIA (except Near East) 401. Afghanistan 404. India 405. Pakistan 428. Southeast Asia - Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia, Burma, Philippines, Indonesia 431. China (Mainland) 432. Taiwan, Formosa 451. Japan 452. Korea 499. "ASIA"; general mention of area - reference to two or mare countries of Asia NEAR EAST 501. U.A.R. (Egypt) 502. Iran 503. Iraq 504. Israel (or Palestine), Jewish 505. Jordan 506. Lebanon _ 507. Saudi Arabia 508. Syria 509. Turkey 599. "Near East," "Middle East"; general mention of area - reference to two or more countries of Near East 655. South Africa 699. Africa; any African country or countries, excluding only South Africa and U.A.R. (Egypt) OCEANIA 704. Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania 997. Other (combinations) not codeable elsewhere 998. DK 999. NA 000. Inap, coded 1 in colt 66 >> 1982 NATIONALITY & ETHNIC CODE WESTERN HEMISPHERE North America 01. American Indian, tribal mentions 02. Canadian; not specified as French-Canadian (03) 03. Canadian, of French origin 04. Mexican (excluding explicit mention of "Chicano," 'Mexican-American") 05. Central American West Indies 07. Barbados 08. Cuban 09. Dominican Republic 10. Haitian 11. Jamaican 12. Puerto Rican 13. West Indian--not from one of the above countries 14. West Indian--NA which country South America 16. South American any country EUROPE British Isles 18. English, British 19. Irish (not specified as from North Ireland, Ulster--22) 20. Scottish 21. Welsh 22. From North Ireland 23. Scot-Irish 24. From British Isles; from two or more countries of British Isles Western Europe 26. Austrian 27. Belgian 28. French 29. German; also Pennsylvania Dutch 30. Luxembourg 31. Netherlands, Holland; Dutch 32. Swiss 33. From Western Europe, two or more countries of Western Europe Scandinavia 35. Danish 36. Finn, Finnish 37. Norwegian 38. Swedish 39. Icelander 40. Scandinavian; reference to two or more Scandinavian countries 41. Reference to two or more countries from combination of the following areas: British Isles, Western Europe, Scandinavia, Mediterranean countries, Greece Eastern Europe 43. Czechoslovakian, Slovak 44. Estonian 45. Hungarian 46. Latvian 47. Lithuanian 48. Polish 49. Russian; from U.S.S.R. 50. Ukrainian 51. Eastern European; reference to two or more Eastern European countries Balkan Countries 53. Albanian 54. Bulgarian 55. Greek 56. Rumanian 57. Yugoslavian 58. Mention of two or more Balkan countries Mediterranean Countries 60. Italian 61. Portuguese 62. Spanish 63. Maltese 64. European. General mention of Europe, reference to two or more European countries, not codeable above. 66. Afghan 67. Indian (not American Indian, code 01) 68. Southeast Asia--from Indochina, Thailand, Malaya, Burma, Philippines, Indonesia 69. Chinese 70. Japanese; Japanese American 71. Korean NEAR EAST 73. Egyptian 74. Iranian, Persian 75. Iraqi 76. Israeli 77. Jordanian 78. Lebanese 79. Arab, Arabian, Saudi Arabian 80. Syrian 81. Turk, Turkish AFRICA 83. African; from any African country except Egypt (U.A.R.); South African (formerly 90) OCEANIA 85. Australian, New Zealander, Tasmanian ETHNIC GROUPS 86. White, Caucasian 87. Black; Negro; American Black; Afro-American 88. Chicano; Mexican-American 90. NEITHER OTHER MISCELLANEOUS GROUPS 91. Catholic 92. Protestant 93. Jewish 94. Mormon 95. Other religious groups 97. Other group; combinations not codeable above 98. DK 99. NA; NONE; "American" >> 1970 Census Occupation Code AS IN 1978, THE 1970 CENSUS OCCUPATION CODE IS USED FOR THE 1980 ELECTION STUDY, INSTEAD OF THE CPS POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OCCUPATION CODE WHICH APPEARS IN PAST ELECTION STUDIES, AND USES THE 1960 CENSUS CLASSIFICATION SCHEME AS BACKBONE FOR ITS STRUCTURE. THERE IS A CLOSE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE TWO CODING SCHEMES. GROUPINGS OF OCCUPATIONS INTO MAJOR OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES ARE BASICALLY IDENTICAL FOR BOTH SCHEMES; SOME DIFFERENCES OCCUR IN THE DETAILED CODES WITHIN CATEGORIES. THE USER WHO NEEDS MORE DETAILED INFORMATION SHOULD CONSULT: U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, "1970 OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF THEIR 1960 OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY ELEMENTS," BY JOHN A. PRIEBE, JOAN HEINKEL, AND STANLEY GREENE (TECHNICAL PAPER 26), U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON D.C., 1972. IN ADDITION, IN 1978 THE DUNCAN SEI AND NORC PRESTIGE SCORES ARE INCLUDED. IN PAST STUDIES THE DUNCAN SCORE WAS BASED ON 1960 CENSUS CODES; IN THE 1978, 1980 AND 1982 STUD- IES A VERSION BASED ON THE 1970 CENSUS IS GIVEN. FOR DETAILS, SEE DAVID L. FEATHERMAN, MICHAEL SOBEL AND DAVID DICKENS, "A MANUAL FOR CODING OCCUPATIONS AND INDUSTRIES INTO DETAILED 1970 CATEGORIES AND A LISTING OF 1970-BASIS DUNCAN SOCIOECONOMIC AND NORC PRESTIGE SCORES," (WORKING PAPER #75-1, CENTER FOR DEMOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGY, THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN--MADISON). BOTH DUNCAN AND NORC SCORES ARE BASED ON AN OCCUPATIONAL RANKING SCHEME. BOTH ARE THREE-DIGIT SCORES WITH A DECIMAL POINT TO BE UNDERSTOOD IN THE RIGHT-MOST COLUMN. THE DECIMAL POINT DOES NOT APPEAR IN THE DATA OR DICTIONARY. A SCORE OF 241, THEREFORE, SHOULD BE READ AS 24.1. U.S. DUNCAN NORC CENSUS SEI PRESTIGE OCCUP. PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL, AND KINDRED WORKERS -------------------------------------------- 001 769 560 ACCOUNTANTS 002 853 667 ARCHITECTS COMPUTER SPECIALISTS 003 650 506 COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS 004 650 506 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS 005 650 506 COMPUTER SPECIALISTS ENGINEERS 006 870 711 AERONAUTICAL AND ASTRONAUTICAL ENGINEERS 010 899 672 CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 011 840 678 CIVIL ENGINEERS 012 840 694 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS 013 855 556 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS 014 802 621 MECHANICAL ENGINEERS 015 831 584 METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERS 020 850 616 MINING ENGINEERS 021 810 571 PETROLEUM ENGINEERS 022 870 506 SALES ENGINEERS 023 869 670 ENGINEERS 024 830 539 FARM MANAGEMENT ADVISORS 025 480 539 FORESTERS AND CONSERVATIONISTS 026 830 539 HOME MANAGEMENT ADVISORS LAWYERS AND JUDGES 030 930 757 JUDGES 031 923 751 LAWYERS LIBRARIANS, ARCHIVISTS, AND CURATORS 032 600 546 LIBRARIANS 033 746 596 ARCHIVISTS AND CURATORS MATHEMATICAL SPECIALISTS 034 810 554 ACTUARIES 035 800 650 MATHEMATICIANS 036 810 554 STATISTICIANS LIFE AND PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS 042 800 558 AGRICULTURAL SCIENTISTS 043 620 470 ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE SCIENTISTS 044 800 677 BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS 045 794 673 CHEMISTS 051 800 672 GEOLOGISTS 052 800 672 MARINE SCIENTISTS 053 800 738 PHYSICISTS AND ASTRONOMERS 054 774 651 LIFE AND PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS 055 657 508 OPERATIONS AND SYSTEMS RESEARCHERS AND ANALYSTS 056 824 552 PERSONNEL AND LABOR RELATIONS WORKERS PHYSICIANS, DENTISTS, AND RELATED PRACTITIONERS 061 750 600 CHIROPRACTORS 062 960 736 DENTISTS 063 790 620 OPTOMETRISTS 064 814 603 PHARMACISTS 065 921 812 PHYSICIANS, MEDICAL AND OSTEOPATHIC 071 580 367 PODIATRISTS 072 780 597 VETERINARIANS 073 580 367 HEALTH PRACTITIONERS NURSES, DIETITIANS, AND THERAPISTS 074 390 521 DIETITIANS 075 443 601 REGISTERED NURSES 076 589 385 THERAPISTS HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS 080 480 610 CLINICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS 081 480 610 DENTAL HYGIENISTS 082 600 546 HEALTH RECORD TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS 083 480 610 RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS 084 480 610 THERAPY ASSISTANTS 085 552 511 HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS RELIGIOUS WORKERS 086 520 690 CLERGYMEN 090 571 546 RELIGIOUS WORKERS SOCIAL SCIENTISTS 091 743 535 ECONOMISTS 092 810 714 POLITICAL SCIENTISTS 093 810 714 PSYCHOLOGISTS 094 810 714 SOCIOLOGISTS 095 650 506 URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNERS 096 810 656 SOCIAL SCIENTISTS SOCIAL AND RECREATION WORKERS 100 640 524 SOCIAL WORKERS 101 670 486 RECREATION WORKERS TEACHERS, COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY 102 840 783 AGRICULTURE TEACHERS 103 840 783 ATMOSPHERIC, EARTH, MARINE, AND SPACE TEACHERS 104 840 783 BIOLOGY TEACHERS 105 840 783 CHEMISTRY TEACHERS 110 840 783 PHYSICS TEACHERS 111 840 783 ENGINEERING TEACHERS 112 840 783 MATHEMATICS TEACHERS 113 840 783 HEALTH SPECIALTIES TEACHERS 114 840 783 PSYCHOLOGY TEACHERS 115 840 783 BUSINESS AND COMMERCE TEACHERS 116 840 783 ECONOMICS TEACHERS 120 840 783 HISTORY TEACHERS 121 840 783 SOCIOLOGY TEACHERS 122 840 783 SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHERS 123 556 486 ART, DRAMA, AND MUSIC TEACHERS 124 640 532 COACHES AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS 125 840 783 EDUCATION TEACHERS 126 840 783 ENGLISH TEACHERS 130 840 783 FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS 131 720 532 HOME ECONOMICS TEACHERS 132 840 783 LAW TEACHERS 133 840 783 THEOLOGY TEACHERS 134 840 783 TRADE, INDUSTRIAL, AND TECHNICAL TEACHERS 135 840 783 MISCELLANEOUS TEACHERS, COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY 140 840 783 TEACHERS, COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY, SUBJECT NOT SPECIFIED TEACHERS, EXCEPT COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY 141 643 439 ADULT EDUCATION TEACHERS 142 714 592 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS 143 720 561 PREKINDERGARTEN AND KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS 144 705 601 SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS 145 577 449 TEACHERS, EXCEPT COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE TECHNICIANS 150 620 472 AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNICIANS, EXCEPT HEALTH 151 620 470 CHEMICAL TECHNICIANS 152 670 561 DRAFTSMEN 153 620 515 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS 154 640 494 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS 155 620 470 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS 156 530 468 MATHEMATICAL TECHNICIANS 161 484 531 SURVEYORS 162 620 470 ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE TECHNICIANS TECHNICIANS, EXCEPT HEALTH, AND ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE 163 790 701 AIRPLANE PILOTS 164 690 428 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS 165 603 519 EMBALMERS 170 480 482 FLIGHT ENGINEERS 171 690 428 RADIO OPERATORS 172 620 470 TOOL PROGRAMMERS, NUMERICAL CONTROL 173 620 472 TECHNICIANS 174 650 506 VOCATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL COUNSELORS WRITERS, ARTISTS, AND ENTERTAINERS 175 600 550 ACTORS 180 602 521 ATHLETES AND KINDRED WORKERS 181 760 598 AUTHORS 182 450 376 DANCERS 183 704 565 DESIGNERS 184 820 512 EDITORS AND REPORTERS 185 520 460 MUSICIANS AND COMPOSERS 190 670 562 PAINTERS AND SCULPTORS 191 500 405 PHOTOGRAPHERS 192 820 567 PUBLIC RELATIONS MEN AND PUBLICITY WRITERS 193 650 506 RADIO AND TELEVISION ANNOUNCERS 194 454 412 WRITERS, ARTISTS, AND ENTERTAINERS 195 650 506 RESEARCH WORKERS, NOT SPECIFIED MANAGERS AND ADMINISTRATORS, EXCEPT FARM ---------------------------------------- 201 588 538 ASSESSORS, CONTROLLERS, AND TREASURERS; LOCAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 202 800 666 BANK OFFICERS AND FINANCIAL MANAGERS 203 503 429 BUYERS AND SHIPPERS, FARM PRODUCTS 205 721 500 BUYERS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 210 740 488 CREDIT MEN 211 590 522 FUNERAL DIRECTORS 212 569 594 HEALTH ADMINISTRATORS 213 575 396 CONSTRUCTION INSPECTORS, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 215 666 423 INSPECTORS, EXCEPT CONSTRUCTION, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 216 320 383 MANAGERS AND SUPERINTENDENTS, BUILDING 220 731 560 OFFICE MANAGERS 221 499 567 OFFICERS, PILOTS, AND PURSERS; SHIP 222 665 603 OFFICIALS AND ADMINISTRATORS; PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 223 600 484 OFFICIALS OF LODGES, SOCIETIES, AND UNIONS 224 608 583 POSTMASTERS AND MAIL SUPERINTENDENTS 225 748 464 PURCHASING AGENTS AND BUYERS 226 582 409 RAILROAD CONDUCTORS 230 381 389 RESTAURANT, CAFETERIA AND BAR MANAGERS 231 698 478 SALES MANAGERS AND DEPARTMENT HEADS, RETAIL TRADE 233 746 542 SALES MANAGERS, EXCEPT RETAIL TRADE 235 771 696 SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS, COLLEGE 240 717 616 SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS, ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY 245 617 507 MANAGERS AND ADMINISTRATORS SALES WORKERS ------------- 260 661 423 ADVERTISING AGENTS AND SALESMEN 261 400 319 AUCTIONEERS 262 381 306 DEMONSTRATORS 264 129 202 HUCKSTERS AND PEDDLERS 265 660 468 INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS, AND UNDERWRITERS 266 270 154 NEWSBOYS 270 620 440 REAL ESTATE AGENTS AND BROKERS 271 724 513 STOCK AND BOND SALESMEN 280 494 354 SALESMEN AND SALES CLERKS 281 650 491 SALES REPRESENTATIVES, MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES (IND.107-399) 282 609 399 SALES REPRESENTATIVES, WHOLESALE TRADE (IND. 017-058, 507-599) 283 390 286 SALES CLERKS, RETAIL TRADE (IND. 608-699 EXCEPT 618, 639, 649, 667, 668, 688) 284 390 286 SALESMEN, RETAIL TRADE (IND. 655, 618, 639, 649, 667, 668, 688) 285 522 354 SALESMEN OF SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION (IND. 067-???, 407-499, 707-947) CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS ---------------------------- 301 518 490 BANK TELLERS 303 440 362 BILLING CLERKS 305 509 474 BOOKKEEPERS 310 439 310 CASHIERS 311 440 314 CLERICAL ASSISTANTS, SOCIAL WELFARE 312 438 360 CLERICAL SUPERVISORS 313 425 279 COLLECTORS, BILL AND ACCOUNT 314 440 362 COUNTER CLERKS, EXCEPT FOOD 315 401 334 DISPATCHERS AND STARTERS, VEHICLE 320 440 362 ENUMERATORS AND INTERVIEWERS 321 562 412 ESTIMATORS AND INVESTIGATORS 323 436 360 EXPEDITERS AND PRODUCTION CONTROLLERS 325 440 308 FILE CLERKS 326 621 476 INSURANCE ADJUSTERS, EXAMINERS, AND INVESTIGATORS 330 431 397 LIBRARY ATTENDANTS AND ASSISTANTS 331 530 423 MAIL CARRIERS, POST OFFICE 332 433 355 MAIL HANDLERS, EXCEPT POST OFFICE 333 282 A93 MESSENGERS AND OFFICE BOYS 334 440 362 METER READERS, UTILITIES OFFICE MACHINE OPERATORS 341 449 443 BOOKKEEPING AND BILLING MACHINE OPERATORS 342 450 449 CALCULATING MACHINE OPERATORS 343 450 449 COMPUTER AND PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT OPERATORS 344 450 449 DUPLICATING MACHINE OPERATORS 345 450 449 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS 350 450 449 TABULATING MACHINE OPERATORS 355 450 449 OFFICE MACHINE OPERATORS 360 440 413 PAYROLL AND TIMEKEEPING CLERKS 361 446 424 POSTAL CLERKS 362 440 362 PROOFREADERS 363 678 430 REAL ESTATE APPRAISERS 364 440 389 RECEPTIONISTS SECRETARIES 370 610 458 SECRETARIES, LEGAL 371 610 458 SECRETARIES, MEDICAL 372 610 458 SECRETARIES 374 241 299 SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS 375 439 360 STATISTICAL CLERKS 376 610 433 STENOGRAPHERS 381 439 252 STOCK CLERKS AND STOREKEEPERS 382 624 488 TEACHER AIDES, EXCEPT SCHOOL MONITORS 383 220 298 TELEGRAPH MESSENGERS 384 470 435 TELEGRAPH OPERATORS 385 450 404 TELEPHONE OPERATORS 390 598 354 TICKET, STATION, AND EXPRESS AGENTS 391 610 413 TYPISTS 392 418 354 WEIGHERS 394 437 365 MISCELLANEOUS CLERICAL WORKERS 395 440 362 NOT SPECIFIED CLERICAL WORKERS CRAFTSMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS ----------------------------- 401 216 325 AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES INSTALLERS 402 217 338 BAKERS 403 160 355 BLACKSMITHS 404 326 306 BOILERMAKERS 405 380 314 BOOKBINDERS 410 270 357 BRICKMASONS AND STONEMASONS 411 320 408 BRICKMASONS AND STONEMASONS, APPRENTICES 412 197 323 BULLDOZER OPERATORS 413 223 381 CABINETMAKERS 415 189 396 CARPENTERS 416 310 408 CARPENTER APPRENTICES 420 120 328 CARPET INSTALLERS 421 190 316 CEMENT AND CONCRETE FINISHERS 422 520 380 COMPOSITORS AND TYPESETTERS 423 400 408 PRINTING TRADES APPRENTICES, EXCEPT PRESSMEN 424 210 387 CRANEMEN, DERRICKMEN, AND HOISTMEN 425 400 374 DECORATORS AND WINDOW DRESSERS 426 480 610 DENTAL LABORATORY TECHNICIANS 430 440 492 ELECTRICIANS 431 370 408 ELECTRICIAN APPRENTICES 433 490 392 ELECTRIC POWER LINEMEN AND CABLEMEN 434 550 380 ELECTROTYPERS AND STEREOTYPERS 435 470 412 ENGRAVERS, EXCEPT PHOTOENGRAVERS 436 228 315 EXCAVATING, GRADING, AND ROAD MACHINE OPERATORS; EXCEPT BULLDOZER 440 174 318 FLOOR LAYERS, EXCEPT TILE SETTERS 441 495 453 FOREMEN 442 228 355 FORGEMEN AND HAMMERMEN 443 178 291 FURNITURE AND WOOD FINISHERS 444 334 323 FURRIERS 445 253 267 GLAZIERS 446 217 353 HEAT TREATERS, ANNEALERS, AND TEMPERERS 450 225 310 INSPECTORS, SCALERS, AND GRADERS; LOG AND LUMBER 452 410 313 INSPECTORS 453 364 375 JEWELERS AND WATCHMAKERS 454 335 464 JOB AND DIE SETTERS, METAL 455 578 508 LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS 456 450 362 LOCOMOTIVE FIREMEN 461 329 477 MACHINISTS 462 410 408 MACHINIST APPRENTICES MECHANICS AND REPAIRMEN 470 270 367 AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING, AND REFRIGERATION 471 480 482 AIRCRAFT 472 190 367 AUTOMOBILE BODY REPAIRMEN 473 190 367 AUTOMOBILE MECHANICS 474 250 408 AUTOMOBILE MECHANIC APPRENTICES 475 270 408 DATA PROCESSING MACHINE REPAIRMEN 480 270 326 FARM IMPLEMENT 481 266 328 HEAVY EQUIPMENT MECHANICS, INCLUDING DIESEL 482 270 326 HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCE AND ACCESSORY INSTALLERS AND MECHANICS 483 100 304 LOOM FIXERS 484 359 338 OFFICE MACHINE 485 360 350 RADIO AND TELEVISION 486 205 356 RAILROAD AND CAR SHOP 491 340 408 MECHANIC, EXCEPT AUTO, APPRENTICES 492 265 328 MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICS AND REPAIRMEN 495 270 326 NOT SPECIFIED MECHANICS AND REPAIRMEN 501 190 252 MILLERS; GRAIN, FLOUR, AND FEED 502 310 403 MILLWRIGHTS 503 120 391 MOLDERS, METAL 504 330 408 MOLDER APPRENTICES 505 430 339 MOTION PICTURE PROJECTIONISTS 506 390 514 OPTICIANS, AND LENS GRINDERS AND POLISHERS 510 164 298 PAINTERS, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE 511 290 408 PAINTER APPRENTICES 512 135 275 PAPERHANGERS 514 430 387 PATTERN AND MODEL MAKERS, EXCEPT PAPER 515 611 397 PHOTOENGRAVERS AND LITHOGRAPHERS 516 380 320 PIANO AND ORGAN TUNERS AND REPAIRMEN 520 250 332 PLASTERERS 521 290 408 PLASTERER APPRENTICES 522 340 406 PLUMBERS AND PIPE FITTERS 523 330 408 PLUMBER AND PIPE FITTER APPRENTICES 525 500 388 POWER STATION OPERATORS 530 456 391 PRESSMEN AND PLATE PRINTERS, PRINTING 531 400 408 PRESSMAN APPRENTICES 533 220 360 ROLLERS AND FINISHERS, METAL 534 151 315 ROOFERS AND SLATERS 535 330 368 SHEETMETAL WORKERS AND TINSMITHS 536 330 408 SHEETMETAL APPRENTICES 540 340 355 SHIPFITTERS 542 119 326 SHOE REPAIRMEN 543 168 307 SIGN PAINTERS AND LETTERERS 545 452 329 STATIONARY ENGINEERS 546 240 317 STONE CUTTERS AND STONE CARVERS 550 334 356 STRUCTURAL METAL CRAFTSMEN 551 214 340 TAILORS 552 488 391 TELEPHONE INSTALLERS AND REPAIRMEN 554 490 392 TELEPHONE LINEMEN AND SPLICERS 560 282 384 TILE SETTERS 561 492 423 TOOL OR DIE MAKERS 562 410 408 TOOL AND DIE MAKER APPRENTICES 563 212 299 UPHOLSTERERS 571 346 408 SPECIFIED CRAFT APPRENTICES 572 390 408 NOT SPECIFIED APPRENTICES 575 253 417 CRAFTSMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS 580 000 000 FORMER MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES 600 000 000 CURRENT MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES OPERATIVES, EXCEPT TRANSPORT ---------------------------- 601 320 284 ASBESTOS AND INSULATION WORKERS 602 172 275 ASSEMBLERS 603 110 321 BLASTERS AND POWDERMEN 604 161 235 BOTTLING AND CANNING OPERATIVES 605 250 394 CHAINMEN, RODMEN, AND AXMEN; SURVEYING 610 184 361 CHECKERS, EXAMINERS, AND INSPECTORS; MANUFACTURING 611 168 207 CLOTHING IRONERS AND PRESSERS 612 189 285 CUTTING OPERATIVES 613 224 310 DRESSMAKERS AND SEAMSTRESSES, EXCEPT FACTORY 614 216 262 DRILLERS, EARTH 615 244 363 DRY WALL INSTALLERS AND LATHERS 620 120 250 DYERS 621 187 235 FILERS, POLISHERS, SANDERS, AND BUFFERS 622 181 329 FURNACEMEN, SMELTERMEN, AND POURERS 623 179 212 GARAGE WORKERS AND GAS STATION ATTENDANTS 624 166 326 GRADERS AND SORTERS, MANUFACTURING 625 137 245 PRODUCE GRADERS AND PACKERS, EXCEPT FACTORY AND FARM 626 290 329 HEATERS, METAL 630 150 182 LAUNDRY AND DRY CLEANING OPERATIVES 631 288 320 MEAT CUTTERS AND BUTCHERS, EXCEPT MANUFACTURING 633 162 235 MEAT CUTTERS AND BUTCHERS, MANUFACTURING 634 180 194 MEAT WRAPPERS, RETAIL TRADE 635 197 302 METAL PLATERS 636 460 334 MILLINERS 640 165 264 MINE OPERATIVES 641 173 273 MIXING OPERATIVES 642 150 242 OILERS AND GREASERS, EXCEPT AUTO 643 181 195 PACKERS AND WRAPPERS, EXCEPT MEAT AND PRODUCE 644 181 288 PAINTERS, MANUFACTURED ARTICLES 645 412 355 PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS WORKERS PRECISION MACHINE OPERATIVES 650 220 318 DRILL PRESS OPERATIVES 651 219 190 GRINDING MACHINE OPERATIVES 652 216 319 LATHE AND MILLING MACHINE OPERATIVES 653 209 311 PRECISION MACHINE OPERATIVES 656 195 303 PUNCH AND STAMPING PRESS OPERATIVES 660 206 315 RIVETERS AND FASTENERS 661 160 337 SAILORS AND DECKHANDS 662 049 276 SAWYERS 663 182 251 SEWERS AND STITCHERS 664 092 316 SHOEMAKING MACHINE OPERATIVES 665 244 361 SOLDERERS 666 166 317 STATIONARY FIREMEN TEXTILE OPERATIVES 670 033 289 CARDING, LAPPING, AND COMBING OPERATIVES 671 210 294 KNITTERS, LOOPERS, AND TOPPERS 672 041 282 SPINNERS, TWISTERS, AND WINDERS 673 059 251 WEAVERS 674 086 288 TEXTILE OPERATIVES 680 240 401 WELDERS AND FLAME CUTTERS 681 217 336 WINDING OPERATIVES 690 190 285 MACHINE OPERATIVES, MISCELLANEOUS SPECIFIED 692 193 293 MACHINE OPERATIVES, NOT SPECIFIED 694 188 289 MISCELLANEOUS OPERATIVES 695 195 291 NOT SPECIFIED OPERATIVES TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT OPERATIVES ------------------------------ 701 240 368 BOATMEN AND CANALMEN 703 240 324 BUS DRIVERS 704 325 280 CONDUCTORS AND MOTORMEN, URBAN RAIL TRANSIT 705 310 283 DELIVERYMEN AND ROUTEMEN 706 168 284 FORK LIFT AND TOW MOTOR OPERATIVES 710 030 272 MOTORMEN; MINE, FACTORY, LOGGING CAMP, ETC. 711 188 220 PARKING ATTENDANTS 712 420 347 RAILROAD BRAKEMEN 713 440 328 RAILROAD SWITCHMEN 714 100 215 TAXICAB DRIVERS AND CHAUFFEURS 715 151 321 TRUCK DRIVERS LABORERS, EXCEPT FARM --------------------- 740 175 303 ANIMAL CARETAKERS, EXCEPT FARM 750 230 000 CARPENTERS' HELPERS 751 071 174 CONSTRUCTION LABORERS, EXCEPT CARPENTERS' HELPERS 752 303 000 FISHERMEN AND OYSTERMEN 753 089 190 FREIGHT AND MATERIAL HANDLERS 754 060 173 GARBAGE COLLECTORS 755 109 221 GARDENERS AND GROUNDSKEEPERS, EXCEPT FARM 760 110 244 LONGSHOREMEN AND STEVEDORES 761 041 259 LUMBERMEN, RAFTSMEN, AND WOODCHOPPERS 762 173 207 STOCK HANDLERS 763 080 122 TEAMSTERS 764 086 185 VEHICLE WASHERS AND EQUIPMENT CLEANERS 770 083 203 WAREHOUSEMEN 780 082 191 MISCELLANEOUS LABORERS 785 083 175 NOT SPECIFIED LABORERS FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS ------------------------- 801 140 407 FARMERS (OWNERS AND TENANTS) 802 360 437 FARM MANAGERS FARM LABORERS AND FARM FOREMEN ------------------------------ 821 200 350 FARM FOREMEN 822 063 188 FARM LABORERS, WAGE WORKERS 823 170 185 FARM LABORERS, UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS 824 220 268 FARM SERVICE LABORERS, SELF-EMPLOYED SERVICE WORKERS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD CLEANING SERVICE WORKERS ------------------------ 901 116 141 CHAMBERMAIDS AND MAIDS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD 902 098 174 CLEANERS AND CHARWOMEN 903 125 193 JANITORS AND SEXTONS FOOD SERVICE WORKERS 910 190 199 BARTENDERS 911 110 144 BUSBOYS 912 150 264 COOKS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD 913 110 218 DISHWASHERS 914 170 154 FOOD COUNTER AND FOUNTAIN WORKERS 915 160 203 WAITERS 916 110 208 FOOD SERVICE WORKERS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD HEALTH SERVICE WORKERS 921 380 478 DENTAL ASSISTANTS 922 294 405 HEALTH AIDES, EXCEPT NURSING 923 510 451 HEALTH TRAINEES 924 370 233 LAY MIDWIVES 925 135 364 NURSING AIDES, ORDERLIES, AND ATTENDANTS 926 220 419 PRACTICAL NURSES PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS 931 310 364 AIRLINE STEWARDESSES 932 195 164 ATTENDANTS, RECREATION AND AMUSEMENT 933 288 225 ATTENDANTS, PERSONAL SERVICE 934 079 175 BAGGAGE PORTERS AND BELLHOPS 935 170 379 BARBERS 940 300 221 BOARDING AND LODGING HOUSE KEEPERS 941 080 093 BOOTBLACKS 942 282 241 CHILD CARE WORKERS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD 943 100 209 ELEVATOR OPERATORS 944 170 332 HAIRDRESSERS AND COSMETOLOGISTS 945 310 408 PERSONAL SERVICE APPRENTICES 950 310 364 HOUSEKEEPERS, EXCEPT PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD 952 260 141 SCHOOL MONITORS 953 250 149 USHERS, RECREATION AND AMUSEMENT 954 110 144 WELFARE SERVICE AIDES PROTECTIVE SERVICE WORKERS 960 175 245 CROSSING GUARDS AND BRIDGE TENDERS 961 370 438 FIREMEN, FIRE PROTECTION 962 182 223 GUARDS AND WATCHMEN 963 210 458 MARSHALS AND CONSTABLES 964 404 477 POLICEMEN AND DETECTIVES 965 340 550 SHERIFFS AND BAILIFFS PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD WORKERS ------------------------- 980 070 229 CHILD CARE WORKERS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD 981 070 180 COOKS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD 982 186 247 HOUSEKEEPERS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD 983 120 176 LAUNDRESSES, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD 984 070 180 MAIDS AND SERVANTS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD 998 000 000 OCCUPATION NOT KNOWN 999 000 000 OCCUPATION NOT ASCERTAINED 000 000 000 INAPPROPRIATE >> 1970 Census Industry Code 1970 CENSUS INDUSTRY NOTE THIS NOTE IS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH VARIABLES WHICH IDENTIFY THE INDUSTRY IN WHICH THE RESPONDENT, THE HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD, AND WIFE OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD WORK(ED). THE INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION SCHEME USED IN THE 1978, 1980, AND 1982 STUDIES IS BASED ON THE 1970 CENSUS CODING SYSTEM, WHEREAS THE 1972 AND 1974 STUDIES USED THE 1960 CENSUS INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO VERSIONS IS NEGLIGIBLE AT THE LEVEL OF MAJOR CATEGORIES, ALTHOUGH DIFFERENCES EXIST IN THE DETAILED CODES WITHIN CATEGORIES. THE USER WHO NEEDS MORE DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPARABILITY OF THE TWO CODING SYSTEMS SHOULD CONSULT: U.S. BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, "1970 OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF THEIR 1960 OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY ELEMENTS," BY JOHN A. PRIEBE, JOAN HEINKEL, AND STANLEY GREENE (TECHNICAL PAPER 26), U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON D.C., 1972. ALLOCATION CATEGORIES 029. AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES -- ALLOCATED 058. MINING -- ALLOCATED 078. CONSTRUCTION -- ALLOCATED 267. MANUFACTURING, DURABLE GOODS -- ALLOCATED 399. MANUFACTURING, NONDURABLE GOODS -- ALLOCATED 499. TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES -- ALLOCATED 599. WHOLESALE TRADE -- ALLOCATED 699. RETAIL TRADE -- ALLOCATED 719. FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE -- ALLOCATED 767. BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES -- ALLOCATED 799. PERSONAL SERVICES -- ALLOCATED 817. ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES -- ALLOCATED 899. PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED SERVICES -- ALLOCATED 947. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION -- ALLOCATED AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES 017. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 018. AGRICULTURAL SERVICES, EXCEPT HORTICULTURAL 019. HORTICULTURAL SERVICES 027. FORESTRY 028. FISHERIES MINING 047. METAL MINING 048. COAL MINING 049. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS EXTRACTIONS 057. NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING, EXCEPT FUEL CONSTRUCTION 067. GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS 068. GENERAL CONTRACTORS, EXCEPT BUILDING 069. SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS 077. NOT SPECIFIED CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT FURNITURE 107. LOGGING 108. SAWMILLS, PLANING MILLS, AND MILL WORK 109. MISCELLANEOUS WOOD PRODUCTS 118. FURNITURE AND FIXTURES STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS 119. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS 127. CEMENT, CONCRETE, GYPSUM, AND PLASTER PRODUCTS 128. STRUCTURAL CLAY PRODUCTS 137. POTTERY AND RELATED PRODUCTS 138. MISCELLANEOUS NONMETALLIC MINERAL AND STONE PRODUCTS METAL INDUSTRIES 139. BLAST FURNACES, STEEL WORKS, ROLLING AND FINISH- ING MILLS 147. OTHER PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES 148. PRIMARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIES 149. OTHER PRIMARY NONFERROUS INDUSTRIES 157. CUTLERY, HAND TOOLS, AND OTHER HARDWARE 158. FABRICATED STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS 159. SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS 167. METAL STAMPING 168. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS 169. NOT SPECIFIED METAL INDUSTRIES MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL 177. ENGINES AND TURBINES 178. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT 179. CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIAL HANDLING MACHINES 187. METALWORKING MACHINERY 188. OFFICE AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES 189. ELECTRONIC COMPUTING EQUIPMENT 197. MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL 198. NOT SPECIFIED MACHINERY ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES 199. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES 207. RADIO, T.V., AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT 208. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES 209. NOT SPECIFIED ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT 219. MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPMENT 227. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS 228. SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING AND REPAIRING 229. RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVES AND EQUIPMENT 237. MOBILE DWELLINGS AND CAMPERS 238. CYCLES AND MISCELLANEOUS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT PROFESSIONAL AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT, AND WATCHES 239. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS 247. OPTICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES SUPPLIES 248. PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 249. WATCHES, CLOCKS, AND CLOCKWORK-OPERATED DEVICES 257. NOT SPECIFIED PROFESSIONAL EQUIPMENT 258. ORDNANCE 259. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES NONDURABLE GOODS FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS 268. MEAT PRODUCTS 269. DAIRY PRODUCTS 278. CANNING AND PRESERVING FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND SEAFOODS 279. GRAIN MILL PRODUCTS 287. BAKERY PRODUCTS 288. CONFECTIONERY AND RELATED PRODUCTS 289. BEVERAGE INDUSTRIES 297. MISCELLANEOUS FOOD PREPARATION AND KINDRED PRODUCTS 298. NOT SPECIFIED FOOD INDUSTRIES 299. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 307. KNITTING MILLS 308. DYEING AND FINISHING TEXTILES, EXCEPT WOOD AND KNIT GOODS 309. FLOOR COVERINGS, EXCEPT HARD SURFACE 317. YARN, THREAD, AND FABRIC MILLS 318. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS APPAREL AND OTHER FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS 319. APPAREL AND ACCESSORIES 327. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS 328. PULP, PAPER, AND PAPERBOARD MILLS 329. MISCELLANEOUS PAPER AND PULP PRODUCTS 337. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES 338. NEWSPAPER PUBLISHING AND PRINTING 339. PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES, EXCEPT NEWSPAPERS CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS 347. INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS 348. PLASTICS, SYNTHETICS, AND RESINS, EXCEPT FIBERS 349. SYNTHETIC FIBERS 357. DRUGS AND MEDICINES 358. SOAPS AND COSMETICS 359. PAINTS, VARNISHES AND RELATED PRODUCTS 367. AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS 368. MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALS 369. NOT SPECIFIED CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS 377. PETROLEUM REFINING 378. MISCELLANEOUS PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTIC PRODUCTS 379. RUBBER PRODUCTS 387. MISCELLANEOUS PLASTIC PRODUCTS LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS 388. TANNED, CURRIED, AND FINISHED LEATHER 389. FOOTWEAR EXCEPT RUBBER 397. LEATHER PRODUCTS, EXCEPT FOOTWEAR 398. NOT SPECIFIED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES TRANSPORTATION 407. RAILROADS AND RAILWAY EXPRESS SERVICE 408. STREET RAILWAYS AND BUS LINES 409. TAXICAB SERVICE 417. TRUCKING SERVICE 418. WAREHOUSING AND STORAGE 419. WATER TRANSPORTATION 427. AIR TRANSPORTATION 428. PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS 429. SERVICES INCIDENTAL TO TRANSFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS 447. RADIO BROADCASTING AND TELEVISION 448. TELEPHONE (WIRE AND RADIO) 449. TELEGRAPH AND MISCELLANEOUS COMMUNICATION SERVICES UTILITIES AND SANITARY SERVICES 467. ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER 468. ELECTRIC GAS UTILITIES 469. GAS AND STEAM SUPPLY SYSTEMS 477. WATER SUPPLY 478. SANITARY SERVICES 479. OTHER AND NOT SPECIFIED UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE 507. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT 508. DRUGS, CHEMICALS, AND ALLIED PRODUCTS 509. DRY GOODS AND APPAREL 527. FOOD AND RELATED PRODUCTS 528. FARM PRODUCTS -- RAW MATERIALS 529. ELECTRICAL GOODS 537. HARDWARE, PLUMBING, AND HEATING SUPPLIES 538. NOT SPECIFIED ELECTRICAL AND HARDWARE PRODUCTS 539. MACHINERY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 557. METALS AND MINERALS 558. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 559. SCRAP AND WASTE MATERIALS 567. ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 568. PAPER AND ITS PRODUCTS 569. LUMBER AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 587. WHOLESALERS 588. NOT SPECIFIED WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE 655. LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIAL RETAILING 608. HARDWARE AND FARM EQUIPMENT STORES 609. DEPARTMENT AND MAIL ORDER ESTABLISHMENTS 617. LIMITED PRICE VARIETY STORES 618. VENDING MACHINE OPERATORS 619. DIRECT SELLING ESTABLISHMENTS 627. MISCELLANEOUS GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES 628. GROCERY STORES 629. DAIRY PRODUCTS STORES 637. RETAIL BAKERIES 638. FOOD STORES 639. MOTOR VEHICLE DEALERS 647. TIRE, BATTERY, AND ACCESSORY DEALERS 648. GASOLINE SERVICE STATIONS 649. MISCELLANEOUS VEHICLE DEALERS 657. APPAREL AND ACCESSORIES STORES, EXCEPT SHOE STORES 658. SHOE STORES 667. FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS STORES 668. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES, TV, AND RADIO STORES 669. EATING AND DRINKING PLACES 677. DRUG STORES 678. LIQUOR STORES 679. FARM AND GARDEN SUPPLY STORES 687. JEWELRY STORES 688. FUEL AND ICE DEALERS 689. RETAIL FLORISTS 697. MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL STORES 698. NOT SPECIFIED RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 707. BANKING 708. CREDIT AGENCIES 709. SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERAGE, AND INVESTMENT COMPANIES 717. INSURANCE 718. REAL ESTATE, INCLUDING REAL ESTATE INSURANCE LAW OFFICES BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES 727. ADVERTISING 728. SERVICES TO DWELLINGS AND OTHER BUILDINGS 729. COMMERCIAL RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND TESTING LABS 737. EMPLOYMENT AND TEMPORARY HELP AGENCIES 738. BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND CONSULTING SERVICES 739. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING SERVICES 747. DETECTIVE AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES 748. BUSINESS SERVICES 749. AUTOMOBILE SERVICES, EXCEPT REPAIR 757. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND RELATED SERVICES 758. ELECTRICAL REPAIR SHOPS 759. MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES PERSONAL SERVICES 769. PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 777. HOTELS AND MOTELS 778. LODGING PLACES, EXCEPT HOTELS AND MOTELS 779. LAUNDERING, CLEANING, AND OTHER GARMENT SERVICES 787. BEAUTY SHOPS 788. BARBER SHOPS 789. SHOE REPAIR SHOPS 797. DRESSMAKING SHOPS 798. MISCELLANEOUS PERSONAL SERVICES ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES 807. THEATERS AND MOTION PICTURES 808. BOWLING ALLEYS, BILLIARD AND POOL PARLORS 809. MISCELLANEOUS ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED SERVICES 828. OFFICES OF PHYSICIANS 829. OFFICES OF DENTISTS 837. OFFICES OF CHIROPRACTORS 838. HOSPITALS 839. CONVALESCENT INSTITUTIONS 847. OFFICES OF HEALTH PRACTITIONERS 848. HEALTH SERVICES 849. LEGAL SERVICES 857. ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS 858. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES 859. LIBRARIES 867. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 868. NOT SPECIFIED EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 869. MUSEUMS, ART GALLERIES, AND ZOOS 877. RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS 878. WELFARE SERVICES 879. RESIDENTIAL WELFARE FACILITIES 887. NONPROFIT MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS 888. ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES 889. ACCOUNTING, AUDITING, AND BOOKKEEPING SERVICES 897. MISCELLANEOUS PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED SERVICES PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 907. POSTAL SERVICE 917. FEDERAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 927. STATE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 937. LOCAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 999. INDUSTRY NOT REPORTED 000. INAP. >> CITIES WITH POPULATION OF 25,000 OR More Revised 7/82 This list was developed from the 1973 World Almanac and Book of Facts, pp. 152188 (1970 population figurer). The first four digits are a unique code number for each city. The fifth digit in the urbanicity code for each city, as used in the 1971 quality of Life study (468110). 1 = city of over 1,000,000 2 = city of over 25,000 and up to 250,000 in an SMSA of 1,000,000 or more 3 = city of under 25,000 in an SHEA of 1,000,000 or more 4 = city of over 250,000 and up to 1,000,000 5 = city of over 50,000 and up to 250,000 not in SMSA of 1,000,000 or more 6 = city of 50,000 or less not in SMSA of 1,000,000 or more 9 = NA * Place added in 1982 (having population of 25,000+ in 1980 census) coded on basis of 1970 status in area. (see example Chandler, Arizona-it's SMSA was not over one million in 1970, so coded 6 here. This was done to avoid glaring inconsistencies in adjacent areas. The areas affected by this decision are the four places where the population of the SMSA topped the one million mark between 1970 and 1980 (Phoenix, Arizona; San Antonio, Texas; Ft Lauderdale/Hollywood, Florida; Sacramento, California). (141)ALABAMA 0001 6. Anniston 0008 5. Huntsville *0015 6. Auburn 0009 5. Mobile 0002 6. Bessemer 0010 5. Montgomery 0003 4. Birmingham 0011 6. Phenix City 0004 6. Decatur 0012 6. Prichard 0005 6. Dothan 0013 6. Selma 0006 6. Florence 0014 5. Tuscaloosa 0007 5. Gadsden (180)ALASKA 0100 6. Anchorage (161)ARIZONA *0208 6. Chandler 0204 5. Scottsdale 0200 6. Flagstaff *0209 6. Sun City 0201 6. Glendale 0205 5. Tempe 0202 5. Mesa 0206 4. Tucson 0203 4. Phoenix 0207 6. Yuma (142)ARKANSAS 0300 6. Blytheville 0305 6. Jonesboro 0301 6. El Dorado 0306 5. Little Rock 0302 6. Fayetteville 0307 5. North Little Rock 0303 5. Fort Smith 0308 5. Pine Bluff 0304 6. Hot Springs 0309 5. West Memphis *0310 6. Jacksonville (171)CALIFORNIA 0400 2. Alameda 0474 5. Modesto 0401 2. Alhambra 0475 2. Monrovia 0402 2. Altadena 0476 2. Montebello 0403 2. Anaheim 0477 6. Monterey 0404 2. Antioch 0478 2. Monterey Park 0405 2. Arcadia 0479 2. Mountain View 0406 5. Arden-Arcade 0480 6. Napa 0407 2. Azusa 0481 2. National City 0408 5. Bakersfleld 0482 2. Newark 0409 2. Baldwin Park 0483 2. Newport Beach *0557 2. Bell 0484 6. North Highlands 0410 2. Bellflower 0485 2. Norwalk 0411 2. Bell Gardens 0486 2. Novato 0412 2. Belmont 0487 4. Oakland 0413 2. Berkley 0488 2. Oceanside 0414 2. Beverly Hills 0489 2. Ontario *0558 2. Brea 0490 2. Orange 0415 2. Buena Park 0491 5. Oxnard 0416 2. Burbank 0492 2. Pacifica 0417 2. Burlingame *0576 2. Palm Springs *0559 6. Camarillo 0493 2. Palo Alto 0418 2. Campbell 0494 2. Palos Verdes Peninsula *0560 2. Carlsbad 0495 2. Paramount 0419 6. Carmichael 0496 6. Parkway-Sacramento South 0420 2. Carson 0497 2. Pasadena 0421 2. Castro Valley 0498 6. Petaluma *0561 2. Cerritos 0499 2. Pico Rivera *0562 6. Chico *0577 2. Pittsburg *0563 2. Chino *0578 2. Placentia 0422 2. Chula Vista 0500 2. Pleasant Hill *0564 6. Citrus Heights *0579 2. Pleasanton 0423 2. Claremont 0501 2. Pomona *0565 6. Clovis *0580 2. Poway 0424 2. Compton 0502 6. Rancho Cordova 0425 2. Concord *0581 2. Rancho Cucamonga 0426 2. Corona *0582 2. Rancho Palos Verdes 0427 2. Costa Mesa *0583 6. Redding 0428 2. Covina 0503 2. Redlands 0429 2. Culver City 0504 2. Redondo Beach *0566 2. Cupertino 0505 2. Redwood City 0430 2. Cypress 0506 2. Rialto 0431 2. Daly City 0507 2. Richmond *0567 2. Danville 0508 2. Riverside 0432 6. Davis 0509 2. Rosemead *0568 2. Diamond Bar *0584 2. Rowland Heights 0433 2. Downey 0510 4. Sacramento 0434 2. East Los Angeles 0511 5. Salinas 0435 2. El Cajon 0512 2. San Bernardino 0436 2. El Cerrito 0513 2. San Bruno 0437 2. El Monte 0514 2. San Carlos *0569 2. El Toro *0585 2. San Clemente 0438 2. Escondido 0515 4. San Diego 0439 6. Eureka 0516 4. San Francisco 0440 6. Fairfield 0517 2. San Gabriel 0441 2. Florence-Graham 0518 4. San Jose *0570 2. Fontana 0519 2. San Leandro 0442 2. Fountain Valley 0520 2. San Lorenzo 0443 2. Fremont 0521 6. San Luis Obispo 0444 5. Fresno 0522 2. San Mateo 0445 2. Fullerton 0523 2. San Rafael 0446 2. Gartena 0524 2. Santa Ana 0447 2. Garden Grove 0525 5. Santa Barbara 0448 2. Glendale 0526 2. Santa Clara 0449 2. Glendora 0527 6. Santa Cruz 0450 2. Hacienda Heights 0528 6. Santa Maria 0451 2. Hawthorne 0529 2. Santa Monica 0452 2. Hayward 0530 5. Santa Rosa 0453 2. Huntington Beach *0586 2. Santee 0454 2. Huntington Park 0531 2. Saratoga 0455 2. Inglewood 0532 2. Seal Beach *0571 2. Irvine 0533 6. Seaside *0572 2. Laguna Hills 0534 5. Simi Valley 0456 2. La Habra 0535 2. South Gate 0457 2. Lakewood 0536 2. South San Francisco 0458 2. La Mesa 0537 2. South Whittier 0459 2. La Mirada 0538 2. Spring Valley 0460 2 Lancaster 0539 5. Stockton 0461 2. La Puente 0540 2. Sunnyvale 0462 2. Lawndale 0541 2. Temple City 0463 2. Livermore 0542 6. Thousand Oaks 0464 6. Lodi 0543 2. Torrance 0465 6. Lompoc *0587 6. Turlock 0466 4. Long Beach *0588 2. Tustin 0467 2. Los Altos 0544 2. Tustin-Foothills 0468 1. Los Angeles *0589 2. Union City 0469 2. Los Gatos 0545 2. Upland 0470 2. Lyawood *0590 6. Vacaville 0471 2. Manhattan Beach 0546 5. Vallejo *0473 6. Manteca 0547 5. Ventura 0472 2. Menlo Park 0548 6. Visalia *0574 6. Merced 0549 2. Vista 0473 2. Milpitas 0550 2. Walnut Creek *0575 2. Mission Viejo 0551 2. West Covina 0552 2. West Hollywood 0553 2. Westminster 0554 9. Westmont 0555 2. Whittier 0556 2. Willowbrook *0591 6. Woodland *0592 2. Yorba Linda (162)COLORADO 0600 2. Arvada 0609 2. Littleton 0601 2. Aurora *0614 2. Longmont 0602 2. Boulder *0615 6. Loveland 0603 5. Colorado Springs 0610 9. North Glenn 0604 4. Denver 0611 5. Pueblo 0605 2. Englewood *0616 2. South Glenn 0606 6. Fort Collins *0617 2. Thornton *0613 6. Grand Junction *0618 2. Westminster 0607 6. Greeley 0612 2. Wheat Ridge 0608 2. Lakewood (101)CONNECTICUT 0700 5. Bridgeport --Jet 0717 6. Newington 0701 5. Bristol 0718 6. New London 0702 5. Danbury 0719 5. Norwalk 0703 5. East Hartford 0720 6. Norwich 0704 6. East Haven 0721 6. Shelton 0705 6. Enfield 0722 6. Southington 0706 5. Fairfield 0723 5. Stamford 0707 5. Greenwich 0724 6. Stratford 0708 6. Groton 0725 6. Torrington 0709 6. Harden 0726 6. Trumball 0710 5. Hartford 0727 6. Vernon 0711 6. Mancheater 0728 6. Wallingford 0712 5. Meriden 0729 5. Waterbury 0713 6. Middletown 0730 5. West Hartford 0714 5. Milford 0731 5. West Haven *0734 6. Naugatuck 0732 6. Westport 0715 5. New Britain 0733 6. Wetherafield 0716 5. New Haven *0735 6. Windsor (111)DELAWARE *0801 6. Newark 0800 5. Wilmington (155)DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 0900 4. Washington (143)FLORIDA 1000 6. Boca Raton 1017 6. Merritt Island *1032 6. Boynton Beach 1018 4. Miami *1033 6. Bradenton 1019 2. Miami Beach *1034 6. Cape Coral *1046 6. Miramar 1001 2. Carol City 1020 2. North Miami 1002 2. Clearwater 1021 2. North Miami Beach 1003 2. Coral Gables *1047 6. Ocala *1035 6. Coral Springs *1048 2. Olympia Heights 1004 6. Daytona Beach 1022 5. Orlando *1036 6. Deerfield Beach 1023 6. Panama City *1037 6. Delray Beach *1049 6. Pembroke Pines *1038 2. Dunedin 1024 5. Pensacola 1005 5. Fort Lauderdale *1050 6. Pine Hills 1007 6. Fort Myers *1051 2. Pinellas Park 1008 6. Fort Pierce *1052 6. Plantation 1009 5. Gainesville 1025 6. Pompano Beach *1039 6. Hallandale *1053 6. Port Charlotte 1010 2. Hialeah *1054 6. Riviera Beach 1011 5. Hollywood 1026 2. St. Petersburg 1012 4. Jacksonville 1027 6. Sarasota *1040 2. Kendale Lakes *1055 6. Sunrise 1013 2. Kendall 1028 5. Tallahassee 1014 6. Key West *1056 2. Tamarac 1015 6. Lakeland 1029 4. Tampa *1041 6. Lake Worth 1030 6. Titusville *1042 2. Largo *1057 2. Town n' Country *1043 6. Lauderdale Lakes *1058 2. Westchester *1044 6. Lauderhill *1059 2. West Little River *1045 6. Margate 1031 5. West Palm Beach 1016 6. Melbourne (144) GEORGIA 1100 5. Albany 1108 2. Marietta 1101 6. Athens *1115 2. North Atlanta 1102 4. Atlanta 1109 6. Rome 1103 5. Augusta *1116 2. Sandy Springs *1113 2. Candler-McAfee 1110 5. Savannah 1104 5. Columbus *1117 6. South Augusta 1105 2. East Point *1118 2. Tucker 1106 6. Fort Benning 1111 6. Valdosta *1114 2. Mableton 1112 6. Warner Robins 1107 5. Macon (181) HAWAII *1205 6. Aiea 1203 6. Panoehe 1200 6. Hilo *1206 6. Pearl City 1201 4. Honolulu 1204 6. Wiapahu 1202 6. Kailua (163) IDAHO 1300 5. Boise City *1304 6. Nampa 1301 6. Idaho Falls 1303 6. Pocatello 1302 6. Lewiston *1305 6. Twin Falls (121) ILLINOIS 1400 2. Addison *1466 2. Hoffman Estates 1401 2. Alton 1431 2. Joliet 1402 2. Arlington Heights 1432 6. Kankakee 1403 2. Aurora 1433 2. Lansing 1404 2. Belleville 1434 2. Lombard 1405 2. Berwyn 1435 2. Maywood 1406 6. Bloomington 1436 6. Moline *1461 2. Bolingbrook 1437 2. Morton Grove 1407 2. Burbank 1438 2. Mount Prospect 1408 2. Calumet City *1467 2. Naperville *1462 6. Carbondale 1439 2. Niles 1409 2. Carpentereville 1440 6. Normal 1410 5. Champaign 1441 2. Northbrook 1411 1. Chicago 1442 2. North Chicago 1412 2. Chicago Heights *1468 2. Oak Forest 1413 2. Cicero 1443 2. Oak Lawn 1414 6. Danville 1444 2. Oak Park 1415 5. Decatur 1445 2. Palatine *1463 6. DeKalb 1446 2. Park Forest 1416 2. Des Plaines 1447 2. Park Ridge 1417 2. Dolton 1448 6. Pekin 1418 2. Downers Grove 1449 5. Peoria 1419 2. East St. Louis 1450 6. Quincy 1420 2. Elgin 1451 6. Rantoul *1464 2. Elk Grove 1452 5. Rockford 1421 2. Elmhurst 1453 5. Rock Island 1422 2. Elmwood Park *1469 2. Shaumburg 1423 2. Evanston 1454 2. Skokie 1424 2. Evergreen Park *1470 2. South Holland 1425 6. Freeport 1455 5. Springfield 1426 6. Galesburg *1471 2. Tinley Park 1427 2. Glenview 1456 6. Urbana 1428 2. Granite City 1457 2. Villa Park *1465 2. Hanover Park 1458 2. Waukegan 1429 2. Harvey 1459 2. Wheaton 1430 2. Highland Park 1460 2. Wilmette (122) INDIANA 1500 5. Anderson 1512 6. Lafayette 1501 6. Bloomington *1521 2. Lawerence 1502 6. Columbus 1513 6. Marion 1503 2. East Chicago *1522 2. Merrillville 1504 6. Elkhart 1514 6. Michigan City 1505 5. Evansville 1515 6. Mishawaka 1506 5. Fort Wayne 1516 5. Muncie 1507 2. Gary 1517 6. New Albany 1508 2. Hammond *1523 2. Portage 1509 2. Highland 1518 6. Richmond 1510 4. Indianapolis 1519 5. South Bend 1511 6. Kokomo 1520 5. Terre Haute (131) IOWA 1600 6. Ames 1608 5. Dubuque *1616 6. Bettendorf 1609 6. Fort Dodge 1601 6. Burlington 1610 6. Iowa City 1602 6. Cedar Falls 1611 6. Marshalltown 1603 5. Cedar Rapids 1612 6. Mason City 1604 6. Clinton 1613 6. Ottawa 1605 5. Council Bluffs 1614 5. Sioux City 1606 5. Davenport 1615 5. Waterloo 1607 5. Des Moines (151) KENTUCKY 1800 6. Ashland 1804 5. Lexington-Fayette 1801 6. Bowling Green 1805 4. Louisville 1802 2. Covington 1806 2. Newport l8O3 6. Fort Knox 1808 6 Paducah *1812 6. Henderson 1809 6. Pleasure Ridge Park *1813 6. Hopkinsville 1810 6. Valley Station (145) LOUISIANA 1900 6. Alexandria 1907 5. Lake Charles 1901 5. Baton Rouge 1908 2. Marrero 1902 6. Bossier City 1909 2. Metalrie *1914 2. Chalmette 1910 5. Monroe 1903 2. Gretna 1911 6. New Iberia 1904 6. Houma 1912 4. New Orleans 1905 2. Kenner 1913 5. Shreveport 1906 5. Lafayette *1915 2. Slidell (102) MAINE 2000 6. Auburn 2002 6. Lewiston 2001 6. Bangor 2003 5. Portland (132) KANSAS *1710 6. Emporia 1705 2. Overland Park 1700 6. Hutchinson 1706 2. Prairie Village 1701 2. Kansas City 1707 6. Salina 1702 6. Lawrence *1712 2. Shawnee 1703 6. Leavenworth 1708 5. Topeka 1704 6. Manhattan 1709 4. Witchita *1711 2. Olathe (152) MARYLAND 2100 2. Annapolis 2111 6. Hagerstown *2123 2. Aspen Hill 2112 9. Hillerest Heights 2101 4. Baltimore *2127 2. Lochearn 2102 2. Bethesda 2113 2. Lutherville-Timonium 2103 2. Bowie 2114 2. Parkville 2104 2. Catonsville 2115 2. Pikesville 2105 2. Chillum *2130 2. Potomac 2106 2. College Park 2116 2. Randallstown *2124 2. Columbia 2117 2. Rockville 2107 6. Cumberland *2131 2. Security 2108 2. Dundalk 2118 2. Silver Spring 2109 2. Essex 2119 2. Suitland-Silver Hill *2125 6. Frederick 2120 2. Towson 2126 2. Gaithersburg 2121 2. Wheaton-Glenmont 2110 2. Glen Burnie (103) MASSACHUSETTS *2260 6. Agawam 2230 6. Marlborough 2200 6. Amherst 2231 2. Medford 2201 6. Andover 2232 2. Melrose 2202 2. Arlington 2233 6. Methuen 2203 6. Attleboro 2234 2. Milton *2261 6. Barnstable 2235 2. Natick 2204 2. Belmont 2236 2. Needham 2205 2. Beverly 2237 5. New Bedford 2206 6. Bilerica 2238 2. Newton 2207 4. Boston 2239 6. Northampton 2208 2. Braintree 2240 2. Norwood 2209 5. Brockton 2241 2. Peabody 2210 2. Brookline 2242 5. Pittsfield 2211 2. Cambridge *2262 6. Plymouth 2212 6. Chelmsford 2243 2. Quincy 2213 2. Chelaea 2244 2. Randolph 2214 5. Chicopee 2245 2. Revere 2215 2. Danvers 2246 2. Salem 2216 2. Dedham 2247 2. Saugua 2217 2. Everett 2248 2. Somerville 2218 5. Fall River 2249 5. Springfield 2219 6. Fitchburg *2263 2. Stoughton 2220 2. Framingham 2250 6. Tauton 2221 6. Gloucester 2251 2. Wakefield 2222 6. Haverhill 2252 2. Waltham 2223 5. Holyoke 2253 2. Watertown 2224 5. Lawrence 2254 2. Wellesley 2225 6. Leominster 2255 6. Westfield 2226 2. Lexington 2256 6. West Springfield 2227 5. Lowell 2257 2. Weymouth 2228 5. Lynn 2258 2. Hoburn 2229 2. Maiden 2259 5. Worcester (123) MICHIGAN 2300 2. Allen Park 2322 2. Livonia 2301 5. Ann Arbor 2323 2. Madison Heights *2345 2. Avon Twp 2324 6. Midland 2302 6. Battle Creek 2325 6. Muskegon 2303 6. Bay City 2326 2. Oak Park 2304 2. Birmingham 2327 2. Pontiac *2346 2. Bloomfield Twp 2328 6. Portage *2347 6. Burton 2329 6. Port Huron *2348 2. Clinton Twp *2351 2. Redford Twp 2305 2. Dearborn *2352 2. Romulus 2306 2. Dearborn Heights 2330 2. Roseville 2307 1. Detroit 2331 2. Royal Oak 2308 2. East Detroit 2332 5. Saginaw 2309 6. East Lansing 2333 2. St. Clair Shores *2349 2. Farmington Hills 2334 2 Southfield 2310 2. Ferndale 2335 2 Southgate 2311 5. Flint 2336 2. Sterling Heights 2312 2. Garden City 2337 2. Taylor 2313 5. Grand Rapids 2338 2. Trenton 2314 2. Hamtramick 2339 2. Troy 2315 2. Highland Park 2340 2. Warren 2316 6. Holland *2353 2. Waterford 2317 2. Inkster *2354 2. West Bloomfield Twp 2318 6. Jackson 2341 2. Westland 2319 5. Kalamazoo 2342 2. Wyandotte *2350 6. Kentwood 2343 5. Wyoming 2320 5. Lansing 2344 6. Ypsilanti 2321 2. Lincoln Park (146) MISSISSIPPI 2500 6. Biloxi 2505 5. Jackson 2501 6. Columbus 2506 6. Laurel 2502 6. Greenville 2507 6. Neridian 2503 6. Gulfport 2508 6. Pascagoula 2504 6. Hattiesburg 2509 6. Vicksburg (134) MISSOURI 2600 2. Affton 2610 2. Kirkwood *2620 2. Blue Springs *2622 2. Lee's Summit 2601 6. Cape Girardeau 2611 2. Lemay 2602 5. Columbia 2612 2. Overland 2603 2. Ferguson 2613 2. Raytown 2604 2. Florissant 2614 2. St. Charles 2605 6. Fort Leonard Wood 2615 5. St. Joseph *2621 2. Gladstone 2616 4. St. Louis 2606 2. Independence 2617 5. Springfield 2607 6. Jefferson City 2618 2. University City 2608 4. Joplin 2619 2. Webster Groves 2609 4. Kansas City (133) MINNESOTA 2400 6. Austin 2411 9. Maplewood *2423 2. Blaine 2412 4. Minneapolis 2401 2. Bloomington 2413 2. Minnetonka 2402 2. Brooklyn Center 2414 6. Moorhead 2403 6. Brooklyn Park *2425 2. Plymouth *2424 2. Burnsville 2415 2. Richfield 2404 2. Coon Rapids 2416 5. Rochester 2405 2. Crystal 2417 2. Roseville 2406 5. Duluth 2418 6. St. Cloud 2407 2. Edina 2419 2. St. Louis Park 2408 2. Fridley 2420 4. St. Paul 2409 2. Golden Valley 2421 2. South St. Paul 2410 6. Mankato 2422 6. Winona (164) MONTANA 2700 5.Billings 2701 5.Great Falls *2703 6.Butte-Silver Bow 2702 6.Missoula (135) NEBRASKA 2800 6. Grand Island 2802 4. Omaha 2801 5. Lincoln (165) NEVADA *2905 6. Carwn City 2903 5. Reno 2900 5. Las Vegas 2904 6. Sparka 2901 6. North Laa Vegas *2906 6. Sunriae Manor 2902 6. Paradiae (104) NEW HAMPSHIRE 3000 6. Concord 3002 5. Nashua 3001 5. Manchester 3003 6. Portsmouth (112) NEW JERSEY 3100 6. Atlantic City 3132 5. Middletown Twp. 3101 2. Bayonne 3133 2. Montclair 3102 2. Belleville 3134 5. Neptune Twp. 3103 2. Bergenfield 3135 6. Newark 3104 2. Bloomfield 3136 2. New Brunswick 3105 6. Brick Twp. 3137 9. New Hanover 3106 2. Camden 3138 2. North Bergen Twp. 3107 2. Cherry Hill Twp. 3139 2. Nutley 3108 2. Clifton 3140 2. Old Bridge 3109 2. Cranford Twp. 3141 2. Orange 3110 2. Deptford Twp. 3142 2. Paramus 3111 2. East Brunswick Twp. *3153 2. Paraippany - Troy Hills 3112 2. East Orange 3143 2 Passaic 3113 2. Etison T'wp 3144 2. Paterson 3114 2. Elizabeth 3145 2. Pennsauken Twp 3115 2. Englewood 3146 2. Perth Amboy 3116 9. Ewing Twp. 3147 2. Piscataway Twp. 3117 2. Fair Lawn 3148 2. Plainfield 3118 6. Fort Dix 3149 2. Rahway 3119 2. Fort Lee 3150 2. Ridgewood 3120 2. Garfield 3151 2. Sayreville 3121 2. Hackeneack 3152 2. Teaneck Twp. 3122 2. Hoboken 3153 5. Trenton 3123 2. Irvington 3154 2. Union Twp. 3124 4. Jersey City 3155 2. Union City 3125 2. Kearny 3156 6. Vineland 3126 2. Linden 3157 2. Wayne Twp. 3127 2. Livingston Twp 3158 2. Westfield 3128 2. Lodi 3159 2. West New York 3129 6. Long Branch 3160 5. West Orange 3130 2. Maplewood Twp. 3161 2. Willingboro Twp. 3131 2. Mercerville-Hamilton Sq. 3162 2. Woodbridge Twp. (166) HEW MEXICO 3200 5. Albuquerque 3203 6. Las Cruces *3207 6. Carlabat 3204 6. Roswell 3201 6. Clovis 3205 6. Santa Fe *3208 6. Farmington 3206 6. South Valley 3202 6. Hobbs (113) NEW YORK 3300 5. Albany 3327 2. Long Beach 3301 6. Amsterdam 3328 2. Massapaqua 3302 6. Auburn 3329 2. Merrick 3303 2. Baldwin 3330 2. Mount Vernon 3304 5. Binghamton 3331 6. Newvurgh 3305 2. Brentwood 3332 2. New City *3354 6. Brighton 3333 2. New Rochelle 3306 4. Buffalo 3334 1. New York *3355 2. Centereach 3335 2. Niagra Falls 3307 2. Central Islip 3336 2. North Babylon *3356 2. Cheektowaga *3360 2. North Bay Shore 3308 2. Cossack 3337 2. North Tonawanda 3309 2. Deer Park 3338 2. Oceanside *3357 2. Dix Hills 3339 2. Plainview 3310 2. East Meadow 3340 2. Port Chester 3311 6. Elmira 3341 6. Poughkeepsie 3312 2. Elmont 3342 4. Rochester 3313 2. Franklin Square 3343 2. Rockville Centre 3314 2. Freeport 3344 5. Rome 3315 2. Garden City 3345 6. Rotterdam 3316 2. Glen Cove 3346 5. Schenectady 3317 2. Hempstead *3361 2. Smithtown 3318 2. Hicksville 3347 5. Syracuse 3319 2. Huntington Station 3362 2. Tonawanda *3358 6. Irondeqoit 3348 5. Troy 3320 6. Ithaca 3349 5. Utica 3321 6. Jamestown 3350 2. Valley Stream 3322 6. Kingston 3351 6. Watertown 3323 2. Lackawanna *3363 2. West Babylon *3359 2. Lake Ronkonkoma *3364 2. West Islip 3324 2. Levittown *3365 2. West Seneca 3325 2. Lindenhurst 3352 2. White Plains 3326 2. Lockport 3353 2. Yonkers (147) NORTH CAROLINA 3400 5. Asheville 3410 5. Greensboro 3401 6. Burlington 3411 6. Greenville 3402 6. Camp Lejeune 3412 5. High Point 3403 6. Chapel Hill 3413 6. Rannapolis 3404 5. Charlotte 3414 5. Raleigh 3405 5. Durham 3415 6. Rocky Mount 3406 5. Fayetteville 3416 6. Wilmington 3407 6. Fort Bragg 3417 6. Wilson 3408 6. Gastonia 3418 5. Winston-Salem 3409 6. Goldaboro *3419 6. Winston (136) NORTH DAKOTA 3500 6. Bismarck 3502 6. Grand Forks 3501 5. Fargo 3503 6. Minot (124) OHIO 3600 4. Akron 3624 6. Lancaster 3601 6. Alliance 3625 5. Lima 3602 6. Athens 3626 5. Lorain 3603 6. Austintown 3627 5. Mansfield 3604 6. Barberton 3628 2. Maple Heights *3651 6. Beavercreek 3629 6. Marion 3605 6. Boardman 3630 6. Massillon *3652 6. Bowling Green 3631 2. Mentor 3606 2. Brook Park 3632 6. Middletown *3653 2. Brunswick 3633 6. Newark 3607 5. Canton 3634 2. North Olmsted 3608 4. Cincinnati 3635 2. Norwood 3609 4. Cleveland 3636 2. Parma 3610 2. Cleveland Heights 3637 9. Parma Heights 3611 4. Columbus 3638 6. Portsmouth 3612 6. Cuyahoga Falls 3639 6. Sandusky 3613 5. Dayton 3640 2. Shaker Heights *3654 2. Delhi Hills 3641 2. South Euclid 3614 2. East Cleveland 3642 5. Springfield 3615 5. Elyria 3643 6. Steubenville 3616 2. Euclid *3657 6. Stow 3617 6. Fairborn *3658 2. Strongsville *3655 6. Fairfield 3644 4. Toledo 3618 6. Findlay 3645 2. Upper Arlington 3619 2. Garfield Heights 3646 5. Warren 3620 5. Hamilton 3647 2. Whitehall *3656 6. Huber Heights 3648 2. Xenia 3621 6. Kent 3649 5. Youngstown 3622 5. Kettering 3650 6. Zanesville 3623 2. Lakewood (153) OKLAHOMA 3700 6. Bartlesville 3705 6. Muskogee *3712 6. Broken Arrow 3706 5. Norman 3701 6. Del City 3707 4. Oklahoma City *3713 6. Edmont 3708 6. Ponca City 3702 6. Enid 3709 6. Shawnee 3703 5. Lawton 3710 6. Stilwater 3704 6. Midwest City 3711 4. Tulsa *3714 6. Moore (172) OREGON *3806 6. Albany *3810 2. Hillsboro *3807 2. Beaverton 3802 6. Medford 3800 6. Corvallis 3803 4. Portland 3801 5. Eugene 3804 5. Salem *3808 2. Gresham 3805 6. Springfield *3809 2. Haxlewood (114) PENNSYLVANIA *3928 2. Abington Twp 3915 6. New Castle 3900 5. Allentown 3916 2. Norristown 3901 5. Altoona *3937 2. Penn Hills 3902 9. Baldwin 3917 1. Philadelphia *3929 2. Bensalem Twp 3918 4. Pittsburgh 3903 2. Bethel Park *3938 2. Plum 3904 5. Bethlehem 3919 2. Pottstown *3930 2. Bristol Twp *3939 2. Radnor Twp *3931 2. Cheltenham 3920 5. Reading 3905 2. Chester *3940 2. Ridley Twp 3906 6. Easton *3941 2. Ross Twp 3907 5. Erie 3921 5. Scranton *3932 2. Falls Twp *3942 2. Shaler Twp 3908 5. Harrisburg *3943 2. Springfield *3933 2. Haverford Twp 3922 6. State College 3909 6. Hasleton *3944 2. Upper Darby 3910 6. Johnstown *3945 2. Upper Merion 3911 5. Lancaster *3946 2. Upper Moreland Twp 3912 6. Lebanon *3947 2. Warminster *3934 2. Lower Merion Twp 3923 2. West Mifflin *3935 2. McCandless Twp 3924 5. Wilkes-Barre 3913 2. McKeesport 3925 2. Wilkinsburg 3914 2. Monroeville 3926 6. Williamsport *3936 2. Mount Lebanon 3927 5. York (105) RHODE ISLAND *4012 6. Coventry 4006 6.North Providence 4000 5. Cranston 4007 5. Pawtucket 4001 6. Cumberland 4008 5. Providence 4002 6. East Providence 4009 5. Warwick 4003 6. Middletown 4010 6. West Warwick 4004 6. Newport 4011 6. Woonsocket 4005 6. North Ringetown (148) SOUTH CAROLINA 4100 6. Anderson *4108 6. North Charleston 4101 5. Charleston 4105 6. Rock Hill 4102 5. Columbia 4106 6. Spartanburg 4103 6. Florence 4107 6. Sumter 4104 5. Greenville (137) SOUTH DAKOTA 4200 6. Aberdeen 4202 5. Sioux Falls 4201 6. Rapid City (154) TENNESSEE 4300 5. Chattanooga 4304 6. Kingsport 4301 6. Clarksville 4305 5. Knoxville *4310 6. Cleveland 4306 4. Memphis *4311 6. Columbia 4307 6. Murfeesboro *4312 6. Hendersonville 4308 4. Nashville-Davidson 4302 6. Jackson 4309 6. Oak Ridge 4303 6. Johnson City (149) TEXAS 4400 5. Abilene 4424 2. Irving 4401 5. Amarillo 4425 6. Killeen 4402 5. Arlington 4426 6. Kingsville 4403 4. Austin 4427 5. Laredo 4404 2. Baytown 4428 6. Longview 4405 5. Bearmont 4429 5. Lubbock 4406 6. Big Spring *4451 6. Lufkin 4407 5. Brownsville 4430 6. McAllen 4408 6. Bryan 4431 2. Mesquite *4447 2. Carrollton 4432 5. Midland *4448 6. College Station *4452 6. Nocogdoches 4409 5. Corpus Christi *4453 2. North Richland Hills 4410 4. Dallas 4433 5. Odessa *4449 6. Del Rio *4454 Paris 4411 6. Denison 4434 2. Pasadena 4412 2. Denton *4455 2. Plano *4450 2. Duncanville 4435 5. Port Arthur 4413 4. El Paso 4436 2. Richardson 4414 2. Farmers Branch 4437 5. San Angelo 4415 9. Fort Hood 4438 4. San Antonio 4416 4. Fort Worth 4439 6. Sherman 4417 5. Galveston 4440 6. Temple 4418 2. Garland 4441 6. Texarkana 4419 2. Grand Prairie 4442 6. Texas City 4420 6. Haltom City 4443 5. Tyler 4421 6. Harlingen 4444 6. Victoria 4422 1. Houston 4445 5. Waco 4423 6. Hurst 4446 5. Wichita Falls (167) UTAH 4500 6. Bountiful *4506 6. Logan 4501 6. East Millcreek *4507 6. Murray 4502 5. Ogden *4508 6. Sandy City 4503 6. Orem *4509 6. West Jordan 4504 5. Provo *4510 6. West Valley 4505 5. Salt Lake City (106) VERMONT 4600 6.Burlington (140) VIRGINIA 4700 2. Alexandria 4710 4. Norfolk 4701 2. Annandale 4711 6. Petersburg 4702 2. Arlington 4712 5. Portsmouth *4718 2. Blacksburg *4821 2. McLean *4719 2. Burke *4722 2. Reston 4703 6. Charlottesville 4713 4. Richmond 4704 5. Chesapeake 4714 5. Roanoke *4720 2. Dale City 4715 6. Staunton 4705 6. Danville *4723 6. Suffolk 4706 5. Hampton *4724 6. Tuckahoe 4707 9. Jefferson 4716 5. Virginia Beach 4708 5. Lynchburg *4725 2. West Springfield 4709 5. Newport News 4717 2. Wodbridge-Marumsco (173) WASHINGTON *4815 2. Auburn *4817 6. Olympia 4800 2. Bellevue 4808 2. Renton 4801 6. Bellingham 4809 6. Richland 4802 6. Bremerton 4810 4. Seattle 4803 2. Edmonds 4811 5. Spokane 4804 2. Everett 4812 2. Tacoma 4805 6. Fort Lewis 4813 5. Vancouver *4816 6. Kennewick *4818 6. Walla Walla 4806 9. Lakes District 4814 6. Yakima 4807 6. Longview (125) WISCONSIN 5000 5. Appleton 5012 2. Menomonee Falls 5001 6. Belolt 5013 4. Milwaukee 5002 2. Brookfield 5014 2. New Berlin 5003 6. Eau Claire 5015 5. Oshkosh 5004 6. Fond Du Lac 5016 5. Racine 5005 5. Green Bay 5017 6. Sheboygan 5006 2. Greenfielt 5018 6. Superior 5007 6. Janesville 5019 2. Waukesha 5008 5. Kenocha 5020 6. Wausau 5009 5. La Crosse 5021 2. Wanwatosa 5010 5. Madison 5022 2. West Allis 5011 6. Manitowoc (156) WEST VIRGINIA 4900 5. Charleston 4904 6. Parkersburg 4901 6. Fairmont 4905 6. Wierton 4902 5. Huntington 4906 6. Wheeling 4903 6. Morgantown (168) WYOMING 5100 6. Casper 5101 6. Cheyenne 1. The two 1970 Standard Consolidated Areas (New York-Northeastern New Jersey, and* Chicago, Ill.-Northwestern Indiana), the remaining 1970 SMSA's one million or more, plus the Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, CA SMSA (which was attached to the Los Angeles SMSA). >> 1982 CPS 2 DIGIT OCCUPATION CODE 01. Professional, Technical and Kindred Workers 02. Managers and Administrators, except Farm 03. Sales Workers 04. Clerical and Kindred Workers 05. Craftsmen and Kindred Workers 06. Operatives, except Transport 07. Transport Equipment Operatives 08. Laborers, except Farm 09. Farmers (owners and tenants), Farm Managers, Farmer--NA type 10. Farm Foreman, Farm Laborer (wage-worker) 11. Service Workers, except Private Household and Government Protective Services 12. Government Protective Services: Firemen; Police; Marshals and Constables 13. Private Household Workers 14. Member of Armed Forces 15. Not in LABOR FORCE 98. DK 99. NA 00. INAP >> 1982 FIPS STATE AND COUNTY NOTE This Note is used in conjunction with variables which record the county of the interview. The first 2 digits of this variable contain the FIPS state code; the last 3 digits contain the county code. Each list of counties for a particular state is proceeded by the 2 digit state code and the name of the state. This information was obtained from: U.S. Bureau of the Census, County and City Data Book, 1972. Alabama 01001 Autauga 01053 Escambia 01003 Baldwin 01055 Etowah 01005 Barbour 01057 Fayette 01007 Bibb 01059 Franklin 01009 Blunt 01061 Geneva 01011 Bullock 01063 Greene 01013 Butler 01065 Hale 01015 Calhoun 01067 Henry 01017 Chambers 01069 Houston 01019 Cherokee 01071 Jackson 01021 Chilton 01073 Jefferson 01023 Choctaw 01075 Lamar 01025 Clarke 01077 Lauderdale 01027 Clay 01079 Lawrence 01029 Cleburne 01081 Lee 01031 Coffee 01083 Limestone 01033 Colbert 01085 Lowndes 01035 Conecuh 01087 Macon 01037 Coosa 01089 Madison 01039 Covington 01091 Marengo 01041 Crenshaw 01093 Marion 01043 Cullman 01095 Marshall 01045 Dale 01097 Mobile 01047 Dallas 01099 Monroe 01049 De Kalb 01101 Montgomery 01051 Elmore 01103 Morgan 01105 Perry 01121 Talladega 01107 Pickens 01123 Tallapoosa 01109 Pike 01125 Tuscaloosa 01111 Randolph 01127 Walker 01113 Russell 01129 Washington 01115 St Clair 01131 Wilcox 01117 Shelby 01133 Winston 01119 Sumter 02 Alaska 02010 Aleutian Islands 02160 Kuskokwim 02020 Anchorage 02170 Matanuska-Susitna 02030 Angoon 02180 Nome 02040 Barrow 02190 Outer Ketchikan 02050 Bethel 02200 Prince Of Wales 02060 Bristol Bay Borough 02210 Seward 02070 Bristol Bay Division 02220 Sitka 02080 Cordova-Mc Carthy 02230 Skagway-Yakutat 02090 Fairbanks 02240 Southeast Fairbanks 02100 Haines 02250 Upper Yukon 02110 Juneau 02260 Valdez-Chitina- Whittier 02120 Kenai-Cook inlet 02270 Wade Hampton 02130 Ketchikan 02280 Wrangell- Petersburg 02140 Kobuk 02290 Yukon-Koyukuk 02150 Kodiak 04 Arizona 04001 Apache 04015 Mohave 04003 Cochise 04017 Navajo 04005 Coconino 04019 Pima 04007 Gila 04021 Pinal 04009 Graham 04023 Santa Cruz 04011 Greenlee 04025 Yavapai 04013 Maricopa 04027 Yuma 05 Arkansas 05001 Arkansas 05077 Lee 05003 Ashley 05079 Lincoln 05005 Baxter 05081 Little River 05007 Benton 05083 Logan 05009 Boone 05085 Lonoke 05011 Bradley 05087 Madison 05013 Calhoun 05089 Marion 05015 Carroll 05091 Miller 05017 Chicot 05093 Mississippi 05019 Clark 05095 Monroe 05021 Clay 05097 Montgomery 05023 Cleburne 05099 Nevada 05025 Cleveland 05101 Newton 05027 Columbia 05103 Ouachita 05029 Conway 05105 Perry 05031 Craighead 05107 Phillips 05033 Crawford 05109 Pike 05035 Crittenden 05111 Poinsett 05037 Cross 05113 Polk 05039 Dallas 05115 Pope 05041 Desha 05117 Prairie 05043 Drew 05119 Pulaski 05045 Faulkner 05121 Randolph 05047 Franklin 05123 St Francis 05049 Fulton 05125 Saline 05051 Garland 05127 Scott 05053 Grant 05129 Searcy 05055 Greene 05131 Sebastian 05057 Hempstead 05133 Sevier 05059 Hot Spring 05135 Sharp 05061 Howard 05137 Stone 05063 Independence 05139 Union 05065 Izard 05141 Van Buren 05067 Jackson 05143 Washington 05069 Jefferson 05145 White 05071 Johnson 05147 Woodruff 05073 Lafayette 05149 Yell 05075 Lawrence 06 California 06001 Alameda 06059 Orange 06003 Alpine 06061 Placer 06005 Amador 06063 Plumas 06007 Butte 06065 Riverside 06009 Calaveras 06067 Sacramento 06011 Coluse 06069 San Benito 06013 Contra Costa 06071 San Bernardino 06015 Del Norte 06073 San Diego 06017 E1 Dorado 06075 San Francisco 06019 Fresno 06077 San Joaquin 06021 Glenn 06079 San Luis Obispo 06023 Humboldt 06081 San Mateo 06025 Imperial 06083 Santa Barbara 06027 Inyo 06085 Santa Clara 06029 Kern 06087 Santa Cruz 06031 Kings 06089 Shasta 06033 Lake 06091 Sierra 06035 Lassen 06093 Siskiyou 06037 Los Angeles 06095 Solano 06039 Madera 06097 Sonoma 06041 Marin 06099 Stanislaus 06043 Mariposa 06101 Sutter 06045 Mendocino 06103 Tehama 06047 Merced 06105 Trinity 06049 Modoc 06107 Tulare 06051 Mono 06109 Tuolumne 06053 Monterey 06111 Ventura 06055 Napa 06113 Yolo 06057 Nevada 06115 Yuba 08 Colorado 08001 Adams 08063 Kit Carson 08003 Alamosa 08065 Lake 08005 Arapahoe 08067 La Plata 08007 Archuleta 08069 Larimer 08009 Baca 08071 Las Animas 08011 Bent 08073 Lincoln 08013 Boulder 08075 Logan 08015 Chaffee 08077 Mesa 08017 Cheyenne 08079 Mineral 08019 Clear Creek 08081 Moffat 08021 Conejos 08083 Montezuma 08023 Costilla 08085 Montrose 08025 Crowley 08087 Morgan 08027 Custer 08089 Otero 08029 Delta 08091 Ouray 08031 Denver 08093 Park 08033 Dolores 08095 Phillips 08035 Douglas 08097 Pitkin 08037 Eagle 08099 Prowers 08039 Elbert 08101 Pueblo 08041 E1 Paso 08103 Rio Blanco 08043 Fremont 08105 Rio Grande 08045 Garfield 08107 Routt 08047 Gilpin 08109 Saguache 08049 Grand 08111 San Juan 08051 Gunnison 08113 San Miguel 08053 Hinsdale 08115 Sedgwick 08055 Huerfano 08117 Summit 08057 Jackson 08119 Teller 08059 Jefferson 08121 Washington 08061 Kiowa 08123 Weld 08125 Yuma 09 Connecticut 09001 Fairfield 09009 New Haven 09003 Hartford 09011 New London 09005 Litchfield 09013 Tolland 09007 Middlesex 09015 Windham 10 Delaware 10001 Kent 10005 Sussex 10003 New Castle 11 Washington DC 11001 Washington DC 12 Florida 12001 Alachua 12069 Lake 12003 Baker 12071 Lee 12005 Bay 12073 Leon 12007 Bradford 12075 Levy 12009 Brevard 12077 Liberty 12011 Broward 12079 Madison 12013 Calhoun 12081 Manatee 12015 Charlotte 12083 Marion 12017 Citrus 12085 Martin 12019 Clay 12087 Monroe 12021 Collier 12089 Nassau 12023 Columbia 12091 Okaloosa 12025 Dade 12093 Okeechobee 12027 De Soto 12095 Orange 12029 Dixie 12097 Osceola 12031 Duval 12099 Palm Beach 12033 Escambia 12101 Pasco 12035 Flagler 12103 Pinellas 12037 Franklin 12105 Polk 12039 Gadsden 12107 Putnam 12041 Gilchrist 12109 St Johns 12043 Glades 12111 St Lucie 12045 Gulf 12113 Santa Rosa 12047 Hamilton 12115 Sarasota 12049 Hardee 12117 Seminole 12051 Hendry 12119 Sumter 12053 Hernando 12121 Suwannee 12055 Highlands 12123 Taylor 12057 Hillsborough 12125 Union 12059 Holmes 12127 Volusia 12061 Indian River 12129 Wakulla 12063 Jackson 12131 Walton 12065 Jefferson 12133 Washington 12067 Lafayette 13 Georgia 13001 Appling 13165 Jenkins 13003 Atkinson 13167 Johnson 13005 Bacon 13169 Jones 13007 Baker 13171 Lamar 13009 Baldwin 13173 Lanier 13011 Banks 13175 Laurens 13013 Barrow 13177 Lee 13015 Bartow 13179 Liberty 13017 Ben Hill 13181 Lincoln 13019 Berrien 13183 Long 13021 Bibb 13185 Lowndes 13023 Bleckley 13187 Lumpkin 13025 Brantley 13189 Mc Duffie 13027 Brooks 13191 Mc Intosh 13029 Bryan 13193 Macon 13031 Bulloch 13195 Madison 13033 Burke 13197 Marion 13035 Butts 13199 Meriwether 13037 Calhoun 13201 Miller 13039 Camden 13205 Mitchell 13043 Candler 13207 Monroe 13045 Carroll 13209 Montgomery 13047 Catoosa 13211 Morgan 13049 Chariton 13213 Murray 13051 Chatham 13215 Muscogee 13053 Chattahoochee 13217 Newton 13055 Chattooga 13219 Oconee 13057 Cherokee 13221 Oglethorpe 13059 Clarke 13223 Paulding 13061 Clay 13225 Peach 13063 Clayton 13227 Pickens 13065 Clinch 13229 Pierce 13067 Cobb 13231 Pike 13069 Coffee 13233 Polk 13071 Colquitt 13235 Pulaski 13073 Columbia 13237 Putnam 13075 Cook 13239 Quitmar 13077 Coweta 13241 Rabun 13079 Crawford 13243 Randolph 13081 Crisp 13245 Richmond 13083 Dade 13247 Rockdale 13085 Dawson 13249 Schiey 13087 Decatur 13251 Screven 13089 De Kalb 13253 Seminole 13091 Dodge 13255 Spalding 13093 Dooly 13257 Stephens 13095 Dougherty 13259 Stewart 13097 Douglas 13261 Sumter 13099 Early 13263 Talbot 13101 Echols 13265 Talieferro 13103 Effingham 13267 Tattnall 13105 Elbert 13269 Taylor 13107 Emanuel 13271 Telfair 13109 Evans 13273 Terrell 13111 Fannin 13275 Thomas 13113 Fayette 13277 Tift 13115 Floyd 13279 Toombs 13117 Forsyth 13281 Towns 13119 Franklin 13283 Treutlen 13121 Fulton 13285 Troup 13123 Gilmer 13287 Turner 13125 Glascock 13289 Twiggs 13127 Glynn 13291 Union 13129 Gordon 13293 Upson 13131 Grady 13295 Walker 13133 Greene 13297 Walton 13135 Gwinnett 13299 Ware 13137 Habersham 13301 Warren 13139 Hall 13303 Washington 13141 Hancock 13305 Wayne 13143 Haralson 13307 Webster 13145 Harris 13309 Wheeler 13147 Hart 13311 White 13149 Heard 13313 Wheatfield 13151 Henry 13315 Wilcox 13153 Houston 13317 Wilkes 13155 Irwin 13319 Wilkinson 13157 Jackson 13321 Worth 13159 Jasper 13161 Jeff Davis 13163 Jefferson 15 Hawaii 15001 Hawaii 15007 Kauai 15003 Honolulu 15009 Maui 16 Idaho 16001 Ada 16045 Gem 16003 Adams 16047 Goading 16005 Bannock 16049 Idaho 16007 Bear Lake 16051 Jefferson 16009 Benewah 16053 Jerome 16011 Bingham 16055 Kootenai 16013 Blaine 16057 Latah 16015 Boise 16059 Lemhi 16017 Bonner 16061 Lewis 16019 Bonneville 16063 Lincoln 16021 Boundary 16065 Madison 16023 Butte 16067 Minidoka 16025 Camas 16069 Nez Perce 16027 Canyon 16071 Oneida 16029 Caribou 16073 Owyhee 16031 Cassia 16075 Payette 16033 Clark 16077 Power 16035 Clearwater 16079 Shoshone 16037 Custer 16081 Teton 16039 Elmore 16083 Twin Falls 16041 Franklin 16085 Valley 16043 Fremont 16087 Washington 17 Illinois 17001 Adams 17103 Lee 17003 Alexander 17105 Livingston 17005 Bond 17107 Logan 17007 Boone 17109 Mc Donough 17009 Brown 17111 Mc Henry 17011 Bureau 17113 Mc Lean 17013 Calhoun 17115 Macon 17015 Carroll 17117 Macoupin 17017 Cass 17119 Madison 17019 Champaign 17121 Marion 17021 Christian 17123 Marshall 17023 Clark 17125 Mason 17025 Clay 17127 Massac 17027 Clinton 17129 Menard 17029 Coles 17131 Mercer 17031 Cook 17133 Monroe 17033 Crawford 17135 Montgomery 17035 Cumberland 17137 Morgan 17037 De Kalb 17139 Moultrie 17039 De Witt 17141 Ogle 17041 Douglas 17143 Peoria 17043 Du Page 17145 Perry 17045 Edgar 17147 Piatt 17047 Edwards 17149 Pike 17049 Effinaham 17151 Pope 17051 Fayette 17153 Pulaski 17053 Ford 17155 Putnam 17055 Franklin 17157 Randolph 17057 Fulton 17159 Richland 17059 Gallatin 17161 Rock Island 17061 Greene 17163 St Clair 17063 Grundy 17165 Saline 17065 Hamilton 17167 Sangamon 17067 Hancock 17169 Schuyler 17069 Hardin 17171 Scott 17071 Henderson 17173 Shelby 17073 Henry 17175 Stark 17075 Iroquois 17177 Stephenson 17077 Jackson 17179 Tazewell 17079 Jasper 17181 Union 17081 Jefferson 17183 Vermilion 17083 Jersey 17185 Wabash 17085 Jo Davies 17187 Warren 17087 Johnson 17189 Washington 17089 Kane 17191 Wayne 17091 Kankskee 17193 White 17093 Kendall 17195 Whiteside 17095 Knox 17197 Will 17097 Lake 17199 Williamson 17099 La Salle 17201 Winnebago 17101 Lawrence 17203 Woodford 18 Indiana 18001 Adams 18093 Lawrence 18003 Allen 18095 Madison 18005 Bartholomew 18097 Marion 18007 Benton 18099 Marshall 18009 Blackford 18101 Martin 18011 Boone 18103 Miami 18013 Brown 18105 Monroe 18015 Carroll 18107 Montgomery 18017 Cass 18109 Morgan 18019 Clark 18111 Newton 18021 Clay 18113 Noble 18023 Clinton 18115 Ohio 18025 Crawford 18117 Orange 18027 Davies 18119 Owen 18029 Dearborn 18121 Parke 18031 Decatur 18123 Perry 18033 De Kalb 18125 Pike 18035 Delaware 18127 Porter 18037 Dubois 18129 Posey 18039 Elkhart 18131 Pulaski 18041 Fayette 18133 Putnam 18043 Floyd 18135 Randolph 18045 Fountain 18137 Ripley 18047 Franklin 18139 Rush 18049 Fulton 18141 St Joseph 18051 Gibson 18143 Scott 18053 Grant 18145 Shelby 18055 Greene 18147 Spencer 18057 Hamilton 18149 Starke 18059 Hancock 18151 Steuben 18061 Harrison 18153 Sullivan 18063 Hendricks 18155 Switzerland 18065 Henry 18157 Tippecanoe 18067 Howard 18159 Tipton 18069 Huntington 18161 Union 18071 Jackson 18163 Vanderburgh 18073 Jasper 18165 Vermillion 18075 Jay 18167 Vigo 18077 Jefferson 18169 Wabash 18079 Jennings 18171 Warren 18081 Johnson 18173 Warrick 18083 Knox 18175 Washington 18085 Kosciusko 18177 Wayne 18087 Lagrange 18179 Wells 18089 Lake 18181 White 18091 La Porte 18183 Whitley 19 Iowa 19001 Adair 19101 Jefferson 19003 Adams 19103 Johnson 19005 Allamakee 19105 Jones 19007 Appanoose 19107 Keokuk 19009 Audubon 19109 Kossuth 19011 Benton 19111 Lee 19013 Black Hawk 19113 Linn 19015 Boone 19115 Louisa 19017 Bremer 19117 Lucas 19019 Buchanan 19119 Lyon 19021 Buena Vista 19121 Madison 19023 Butler 19123 Mahaska 19025 Calhoun 19125 Marion 19027 Carroll 19127 Marshall 19029 Cass 19129 Mills 19031 Cedar 19131 Mitchell 19033 Cerro Gordo 19133 Monona 19035 Cherokee 19135 Monroe 19037 Chickasaw 19137 Montgomery 19039 Clarke 19139 Muscatine 19041 Clay 19141 O'Brien 19043 Clayton 19143 Osceola 19045 Clinton 19145 Page 19047 Crawford 19147 Palo Alto 19049 Dallas 19149 Plymouth 19051 Davis 19151 Pocahontas 19053 Decatur 19153 Polk 19055 Delaware 19155 Pottawattamie 19057 Des Moines 19157 Poweshiek 19059 Dickinson 19159 Ringgold 19061 Dubuque 19161 Sac 19063 Emmet 19163 Scott 19065 Fayette 19165 Shelby 19067 Floyd 19167 Sioux 19069 Franklin 19169 Story 19071 Fremont 19171 Tama 19073 Greene 19173 Taylor 19075 Grundy 19175 Union 19077 Guthrie 19177 Van Buren 19079 Hamilton 19179 Wapello 19081 Hancock 19181 Warren 19083 Hardin 19183 Washington 19085 Harrison 19185 Wayne 19087 Henry 19187 Webster 19089 Howard 19189 Winnebago 19091 Humboldt 19191 Winneshiek 19093 Ida 19193 Woodbury 19095 Iowa 19195 Worth 19097 Jackson 19197 Wright 19099 Jasper 20 Kansas 20001 Allen 20107 Linn 20003 Anderson 20109 Logan 20005 Atchison 20111 Lyon 20007 Barber 20113 Mc Pherson 20009 Barton 20115 Marion 20011 Bourbon 20117 Marshall 20013 Brown 20119 Meade 20015 Butler 20121 Miami 20017 Chase 20123 Mitchell 20019 Chautauqua 20125 Montgomery 20021 Cherokee 20127 Morris 20023 Cheyenne 20129 Morton 20025 Clark 20131 Nemaha 20027 Clay 20133 Neosho 20029 Cloud 20135 Ness 20031 Coffey 20137 Norton 20033 Comanche 20139 Osage 20035 Cowley 20141 Osborne 20037 Crawford 20143 Ottawa 20039 Decatur 20145 Pawnee 20041 Dickinson 20147 Phillips 20043 Doniphan 20149 Pottawatomie 20045 Douglas 20151 Pratt 20047 Edwards 20153 Rawlins 20049 Elk 20155 Reno 20051 Ellis 20157 Republic 20053 Ellsworth 20159 Rice 20055 Finney 20161 Riley 20057 Ford 20163 Rooks 20059 Franklin 20165 Rush 20061 Geary 20167 Russell 20063 Gove 20169 Saline 20065 Graham 20171 Scott 20067 Grant 20173 Sedgwick 20069 Gray 20175 Seward 20071 Greeley 20177 Shawnee 20073 Greenwood 20179 Sheridan 20075 Hamilton 20181 Sherman 20077 Harper 20183 Smith 20079 Harvey 20185 Stafford 20081 Haskell 20187 Stanton 20083 Hodgeman 20189 Stevens 20085 Jackson 20191 Sumner 20087 Jefferson 20193 Thomas 20089 Jewell 20195 Trego 20091 Johnson 20197 Wabaunsee 20093 Kearny 20199 Wallace 20095 Kingman 20201 Washington 20097 Kiowa 20203 Wichita 20099 Labette 20205 Wilson 20101 Lane 20207 Woodson 20103 Leavenworth 20209 Wyandotte 20105 Lincoln 21 Kentucky 21001 Adair 21121 Knox 21003 Allen 21123 Larue 21005 Anderson 21125 Laurel 21007 Ballad 21127 Lawrence 21009 Barren 21129 Lee 21011 Bath 21131 Leslie 21013 Bell 21133 Letcher 21015 Boone 21135 Lewis 21017 Bourbon 21137 Lincoln 21019 Boyd 21139 Livingston 21021 Boyle 21141 Logan 21023 Bracken 21143 Lyon 21025 Breathed 21145 Mc Cracken 21027 Breckinridge 21147 Mc Creary 21029 Bullitt 21149 Mc Lean 21031 Butler 21151 Madison 21033 Caldwell 21153 Magoffin 21035 Calloway 21155 Marion 21037 Campbell 21157 Marshall 21039 Carlisle 21159 Martin 21041 Carroll 21161 Mason 21043 Carter 21163 Meade 21045 Casey 21165 Menifee 21047 Christian 21167 Mercer 21049 Clark 21169 Metcalfe 21051 Clay 21171 Monroe 21053 Clinton 21173 Montgomery 21055 Crittenden 21175 Morgan 21057 Cumberland 21177 Muhlenberg 21059 Daviess 21179 Nelson 21061 Edmonson 21181 Nicholas 21063 Elliott 21183 Ohio 21065 Estill 21185 Oldham 21067 Fayette 21187 Owen 21069 Fleming 21189 Owsley 21071 Floyd 21191 Pendleton 21073 Franklin 21193 Perry 21075 Fulton 21195 Pike 21077 Gallatin 21197 Powell 21079 Garrard 21199 Pulaski 21081 Grant 21201 Robertson 21083 Graves 21203 Rockcastle 21085 Grayson 21205 Rowan 21087 Green 21207 Russell 21089 Greenup 21209 Scott 21091 Hancock 21211 Shelby 21093 Hardin 21213 Simpson 21095 Harlan 21215 Spencer 21097 Harrison 21217 Taylor 21099 Hart 21219 Todd 21101 Henderson 21221 Trigg 21103 Henry 21223 Trimble 21105 Hickman 21225 Union 21107 Hopkins 21227 Warren 21109 Jackson 21229 Washington 21111 Jefferson 21231 Wayne 21113 Jessamine 21233 Webster 21115 Johnson 21235 Whitley 21117 Kenton 21237 Wolfe 21119 Knott 21239 Woodford 22 Louisiana 22001 Acadia 22065 Madison 22003 Allen 22067 Morehouse 22005 Ascension 22069 Natchitoches 22007 Assumption 22071 Oricans 22009 Avoyelles 22073 Ouachita 22011 Beauregard 22075 Plaquemines 22013 Bienville 22077 Pointe Coupee 22015 Bossier 22079 Rapides 22017 Caddo 22081 Red River 22019 Calcasieu 22083 Richland 22021 Caldwell 22085 Sabine 22023 Cameron 22087 St Bernard 22025 Catahoula 22089 St Charies 22027 Claiborne 22091 St Helena 22029 Concordia 22093 St James 22031 De Soto 22095 St John The Baptist 22033 East Baton Rouge 22097 St Landry 22035 East Carroll 22099 St Martin 22037 East Feliciana 22101 St Mary 22039 Evangeline 22103 St Tammany 22041 Franklin 22105 Tangipahoa 22043 Grant 22107 Tensas 22045 Iberia 22109 Terrebonne 22047 Iberville 22111 Union 22049 Jackson 22113 Vermilion 22051 Jefferson 22115 Vernon 22053 Jefferson Davis 22117 Washington 22055 Lafayette 22119 Webster 22057 Lafourche 22121 West Baton Rouge 22059 La Salle 22123 West Carroll 22061 Lincoln 22125 West Feliciana 22063 Livingston 22127 Winn 23 Maine 23001 Androscoggin 23017 Oxford 23003 Aroostook 23019 Penobscot 23005 Cumberland 23021 Piscataquis 23007 Franklin 23023 Sagadahoc 23009 Hancock 23025 Somerset 23011 Kennebec 23027 Waldo 23013 Knox 23029 Washington 23015 Lincoln 23031 York 24 Maryland 24001 Allegany 24027 Howard 24003 Anne Arundel 24029 Kent 24005 Baltimore 24031 Montgomery 24009 Caivert 24033 Prince Georges 24011 Caroline 24035 Queen Annes 24013 Carroll 24037 St Marys 24015 Cecil 24039 Somerset 24017 Charles 24041 Talbot 24019 Dorchester 24043 Washington 24021 Frederick 24045 Wicomico 24023 Garrett 24047 Worcester 24025 Harfo 24510 Baltimore City 25 Massachusetts 25001 Barnstable 25015 Hampshire 25003 Berkshire 25017 Middlesex 25005 Bristol 25019 Nantucket 25007 Dukes 25021 Norfolk 25009 Essex 25023 Plymouth 25011 Franklin 25025 Suffolk 25013 Hampden 25027 Worcester 26 Michigan 26001 Alcona 26085 Lake 26003 Alger 26087 Lapeer 26005 Allegan 26089 Leelanau 26007 Alpena 26091 Lenawee 26009 Antrim 26093 Livingston 26011 Arenac 26095 Luce 26013 Baraga 26097 Mackinac 26015 Barry 26099 Macomb 26017 Bay 26101 Manistee 26019 Benzie 26103 Marquette 26021 Berrien 26105 Mason 26023 Branch 26107 Mecosta 26025 Calhoun 26109 Menominee 26027 Cass 26111 Midland 26029 Charlevoix 26113 Missaukee 26031 Cheboygan 26115 Monroe 26033 Chippewa 26117 Montcalm 26035 Clare 26119 Montmorency 26037 Clinton 26121 Muskegon 26039 Crawford 26123 Newaygo 26041 Delta 26125 Oakland 26043 Dickinson 26127 Oceana 26045 Eaton 26129 Ogemaw 26047 Emmet 26131 Ontonagon 26049 Genesee 26133 Osceola 26051 Gladwin 26135 Oscoda 26053 Gogebic 26137 Otseco 26055 Grand Traverse 26139 Ottawa 26057 Gratiot 26141 Presque Isle 26059 Hillsdale 26143 Roscommon 26061 Houghton 26145 Saginaw 26063 Huron 26147 St Clair 26065 Ingham 26149 St Joseph 26067 Ionia 26151 Sanilac 26069 Iosco 26153 Schoolcraft 26071 Iron 26155 Shiawassee 26073 Isabella 26157 Tuscola 26075 Jackson 26159 Van Buren 26077 Kalamazoo 26161 Washtenaw 26079 Kalkaska 26163 Wayne 26081 Kent 26165 Wexford 26083 Keweenaw 27 Minnesota 27001 Aitkin 27089 Marshall 27003 Anoka 27091 Martin 27005 Becker 27093 Meeker 27007 Beltrami 27095 Mille Lacs 27009 Benton 27097 Morrison 27011 Big Stone 27099 Mower 27013 Blue Earth 27101 Murray 27015 Brown 27103 Nicollet 27017 Carlton 27105 Nobles 27019 Carver 27107 Norman 27021 Cass 27109 Olmsted 27023 Chippewa 27111 Otter Tail 27025 Chicago 27113 Pennington 27027 Clay 27115 Pine 27029 Clearwater 27117 Pipestone 27031 Cook 27119 Polk 27033 Cottonwood 27121 Pope 27035 Crow Wing 27123 Ramsey 27037 Dakota 27125 Red Lake 27039 Dodge 27127 Redwood 27041 Douglas 27129 Renville 27043 Faribault 27131 Rice 27045 Fillmore 27133 Rock 27047 Freeborn 27135 Roseau 27049 Goodhue 27137 St Louis 27051 Grant 27139 Scott 27053 Hennepin 27141 Sherburne 27055 Houston 27143 Sibley 27057 Hubbard 27145 Stearns 27059 Isanti 27147 Steele 27061 Itasca 27149 Stevens 27063 Jackson 27151 Swift 27065 Kanabec 27153 Todd 27067 Kandiyohi 27155 Traverse 27069 Kittson 27157 Wabasha 27071 Koochiching 27159 Wadena 27073 Lac Qui Parle 27161 Waseca 27075 Lake 27163 Washington 27077 Lake Of The Woods 27165 Watonwan 27079 Le Soeur 27167 Wilkin 27081 Lincoln 27169 Winona 27083 Lyon 27171 Wright 27085 Mc Lead 27173 Yellow Medicine 27087 Mahnomen 28 Mississippi 28001 Adams 28083 Leflore 28003 Alcorn 28085 Lincoln 28005 Amite 28087 Lowndes 28007 Attala 28089 Madison 28009 Benton 28091 Marion 28011 Bolivar 28093 Marshall 28013 Calhoun 28095 Monroe 28015 Carroll 28097 Montgomery 28017 Chickasaw 28099 Neshoba 28019 Choctaw 28101 Newton 28021 Claiborne 28103 Noxubee 28023 Clarke 28105 Oktibbeha 28025 Clay 28107 Panola 28027 Coahoma 28109 Pearl River 28029 Copiah 28111 Perry 28031 Covington 28113 Pike 28033 De Soto 28115 Pontotoc 28035 Forrest 28117 Prentiss 28037 Franklin 28119 Quitman 28039 George 28121 Rankin 28041 Greene 28123 Scott 28043 Grenada 28125 Sharkey 28045 Hancock 28127 Simpson 28047 Harrison 28129 Smith 28049 Hinds 28131 Stone 28051 Holmes 28133 Sunflower 28053 Humphreys 28135 Tallahatchie 28055 Issaquena 28137 Tate 28057 Itawamba 28139 Tippah 28059 Jackson 28141 Tishomingo 28061 Jasper 28143 Tunica 28063 Jefferson 28145 Union 28065 Jefferson Davis 28147 Walthall 28067 Jones 28149 Warren 28069 Kemper 28151 Washington 28071 Lafayette 28153 Wayne 28073 Lamar 28155 Webster 28075 Lauderdale 28157 Wilkinson 28077 Lawrence 28159 Winston 28079 Leake 28161 Yalobusha 28081 Lee 28163 Yazoo 29 Missouri 29001 Adair 29117 Livingston 29003 Andrew 29119 Mc Donald 29005 Atchison 29121 Macon 29007 Audrain 29123 Madison 29009 Barry 29125 Maries 29011 Barton 29127 Marion 29013 Bates 29129 Mercer 29015 Benton 29131 Miller 29017 Bollinger 29133 Mississippi 29019 Boone 29135 Moniteau 29021 Buchanan 29137 Monroe 29023 Butler 29139 Montgomery 29025 Caldwell 29141 Morgan 29027 Callaway 29143 New Madrid 29029 Camden 29145 Newton 29031 Cape Girardeau 29147 Nodaway 29033 Carroll 29149 Oregon 29035 Carter 29151 Osage 29037 Cass 29153 Ozark 29039 Cedar 29155 Pemiscot 29041 Chariton 29157 Perry 29043 Christian 29159 Pettis 29045 Clark 29161 Phelps 29047 Clay 29163 Pike 29049 Clinton 29165 Platte 29051 Cole 29167 Polk 29053 Cooper 29169 Pulaski 29055 Crawford 29171 Putnam 29057 Dade 29173 Ralls 29059 Dallas 29175 Randolph 29061 Davies 29177 Ray 29063 De Kalb 29179 Reynolds 29065 Dent 29181 Ripley 29067 Douglas 29183 St Charles 29069 Dunklin 29185 St Clair 29071 Franklin 29187 St Francois 29073 Gasconade 29189 St Louis 29075 Gentry 29193 Ste Genevieve 29077 Greene 29195 Saline 29079 Grundy 29197 Schuyler 29081 Harrison 29199 Scotland 29083 Henry 29201 Scott 29085 Hickory 29203 Shannon 29087 Halt 29205 Shelby 29089 Howard 29207 Stoddard 29091 Howell 29209 Stone 29093 Iron 29211 Sullivan 29095 Jackson 29213 Taney 29097 Jasper 29215 Texas 29099 Jefferson 29217 Vernon 29101 Johnson 29219 Warren 29103 Knox 29221 Washington 29105 Laclede 29223 Wayne 29107 Lafayette 29225 Webster 29109 Lawrence 29227 Worth 29111 Lewis 29229 Wright 29113 Lincoln 29510 St Louis City 29115 Linn 30 Montana 30001 Beaverhead 30059 Meagher 30003 Big Horn 30061 Mineral 30005 Blaine 30063 Missoula 30007 Broadwater 30065 Musselshell 30009 Carbon 30067 Park 30011 Carter 30069 Petroleum 30013 Cascade 30071 Phillips 30015 Chouteau 30073 Pondera 30017 Custer 30075 Powder River 30019 Daniels 30077 Powell 30021 Dawson 30079 Prairie 30023 Deer Lodge 30081 Ravalli 30025 Fallon 30083 Richland 30027 Fergus 30085 Roosevelt 30029 Flathead 30087 Rosebud 30031 Gallatin 30089 Sanders 30033 Garfield 30091 Sheridan 30035 Glacier 30093 Silver Bow 30037 Golden Valley 30095 Stillwater 30039 Granite 30097 Sweet Grass 30041 Hill 30099 Teton 30043 Jefferson 30101 Toole 30045 Judith Basin 30103 Treasure 30047 Lake 30105 Valley 30049 Lewis and Clark 30107 Wheatland 30051 Liberty 30109 Wibaux 30053 Lincoln 30111 Yellowstone 30055 Mc Cone 30113 Yellowstone National Park 30057 Madison 31 Nebraska 31001 Adams 31095 Jefferson 31003 Antelope 31097 Johnson 31005 Arthur 31099 Kearney 31007 Banner 31101 Keith 31009 Blaine 31103 Keya Paha 31011 Boone 31105 Kimball 31013 Box Butte 31107 Knox 31015 Boyd 31109 Lancaster 31017 Brown 31111 Lincoln 31019 Buffalo 31113 Logan 31021 Burt 31115 Loup 31023 Butler 31117 Mc Pherson 31025 Cass 31119 Madison 31027 Cedar 31121 Merrick 31029 Chase 31123 Morrill 31031 Cherry 31125 Nance 31033 Cheyenne 31127 Nemaha 31035 Clay 31129 Nuckolls 31037 Colfax 31131 Otoe 31039 Coming 31133 Pawnee 31041 Custer 31135 Perkins 31043 Dakota 31137 Phelps 31045 Dawes 31139 Pierce 31047 Dawson 31141 Platte 31049 Deuel 31143 Polk 31051 Dixon 31145 Red Willow 31053 Dodge 31147 Richardson 31055 Douglas 31149 Rock 31057 Dundy 31151 Saline 31059 Fillmore 31153 Sarpy 31061 Franklin 31155 Saunders 31063 Frontier 31157 Scotts Bluff 31065 Furnas 31159 Seward 31067 Gage 31161 Sheridan 31069 Garden 31163 Sherman 31071 Garfield 31165 Sioux 31073 Gosper 31167 Stanton 31075 Grant 31169 Thayer 31077 Greeley 31171 Thomas 31079 Hall 31173 Thurston 31081 Hamilton 31175 Valley 31083 Harlan 31177 Washington 31085 Hayes 31179 Wayne 31087 Hitchcock 31181 Webster 31089 Halt 31183 Wheeler 31091 Hooker 31185 York 31093 Howard 34 New Jersey 34037 Sussex 34041 Warren 34039 Union 35 New Mexico 35001 Bernalillo 35031 Mc Kinley 35003 Caron 35033 Mora 35005 Chaves 35035 Otero 35007 Colfax 35037 Quay 35009 Curry 35039 Rio Arriba 35011 De Baca 35041 Roosevelt 35013 Dona Ana 35043 Sandoval 35015 Eddy 35045 San Juan 35017 Grant 35047 San Miguel 35019 Guadalupe 35049 Santa Fe 35021 Harding 35051 Sierra 35023 Hidalgo 35053 Socorro 35025 Lea 35055 Taos 35027 Lincoln 35057 Torrance 35028 Los Alamos 35059 Union 35029 Luna 35061 Valencia 36 New York 36001 Albany 36011 Cayuga 36003 Allegany 36013 Chautauqua 36005 Bronx 36015 Chemung 36007 Broome 36017 Chenango 36009 Cattaraugus 36019 Clinton 37 North Carolina 37001 Alamance 37051 Cumberland 37003 Alexander 37053 Currituck 37005 Alleghany 37055 Dare 37007 Anson 37057 Davidson 37009 Ashe 37059 Davie 37011 Avery 37061 Duplin 37013 Beaufort 37063 Durham 37015 Bertie 37065 Edgecombe 37017 Bladen 37067 Forsyth 37019 Brunswick 37069 Franklin 37021 Buncombe 37071 Gaston 37023 Burke 37073 Gates 37025 Cabarrus 37075 Graham 37027 Caldwell 37077 Granville 37029 Camden 37079 Greene 37031 Carteret 37081 Guilford 37033 Caswell 37083 Halifax 37035 Catawba 37085 Harnett 37037 Chatham 37087 Haywood 37039 Cherokee 37089 Henderson 37041 Chowan 37091 Hertford 37043 Clay 37093 Hoke 37045 Cleveland 37095 Hyde 37047 Columbus 37097 Iredell 37049 Craven 37099 Jackson 38 North Dakota 38001 Adams 3&053 Mc Kenzie 38003 Barnes 38055 Mc Lean 38005 Benson 38057 Mercer 38007 Billings 38059 Morton 38009 Bottineau 38061 Mountrail 38011 Bowman 38063 Nelson 38013 Burke 38065 Oliver 38015 Burleigh 38067 Pembina 38017 Cass 38069 Pierce 38019 Cavalier 38071 Ramsey 38021 Dickey 38073 Ransom 38023 Divide 38075 Renville 38025 Dunn 38077 Richland 38027 Eddy 38079 Rolette 38029 Emmons 38081 Sargent 38031 Foster 38083 Sheridan 38033 Golden Valley 38085 Sioux 38035 Grand Forks 38087 Slope 38037 Grant 38089 Stark 38039 Griggs 38091 Steele 38041 Hettinger 38093 Stutsman 38043 Kidder 38095 Towner 38045 La Moure 38097 Traill 38047 Logan 38099 Walsh 38049 Mc Henry 38101 Ward 38051 Mc Intosh 38103 Wells 39 Ohio 39097 Madison 39137 Putnam 39099 Mahoning 39139 Richland 39101 Marion 39141 Ross 39103 Medina 39143 Sandusky 39105 Meigs 39145 Scioto 39107 Mercer 39147 Seneca 39109 Miami 39149 Shelby 39111 Monroe 39151 Stark 39113 Montgomery 39153 Summit 39115 Morgan 39155 Trumbull 39117 Morrow 39157 Tuscarawas 39119 Muskingum 39159 Union 39121 Noble 39161 Van Wert 39123 Ottawa 39163 Vinton 39125 Paulding 39165 Warren 39127 Perry 39167 Washington 39129 Pickaway 39169 Wayne 39131 Pike 39171 Williams 39133 Portage 39173 Wood 39135 Preble 39175 Wyandot 40 Oklahoma 40001 Adair 40131 Rogers 40003 Alfalfa 40133 Seminole 40005 Atoka 40135 Sequoyah 40007 Beaver 40137 Stephens 40009 Beckham 40139 Texas 40011 Blaine 40141 Tillman 40013 Bryan 40143 Tulsa 40015 Caddo 40145 Wagoner 40017 Canadian 40147 Washington 40125 Pottawatomie 40149 Washita 40127 Pushmataha 40151 Woods 40129 Roger Mills 40153 Woodward 41 Oregon 41001 Baker 41035 Klamath 41003 Benton 41037 Lake 41005 Clackamas 41039 Lane 41007 Clatsop 41041 Lincoln 41009 Columbia 41043 Linn 41011 Coos 41045 Malheur 41013 Crook 41047 Marion 41015 Curry 41049 Morrow 41017 Deschutes 41051 Multnomah 41019 Douglas 41053 Polk 41021 Gilliam 41055 Sherman 41023 Grant 41057 Tillamook 41025 Harney 41059 Umatilla 41027 Hood River 41061 Union 41029 Jackson 41063 Wallowa 41031 Jefferson 41065 Wasco 41033 Josephine 41067 Washington 42 Pennsylvania 42095 Northampton 42115 Susquehanna 42097 Northumberland 42117 Tioga 42099 Perry 42119 Union 42101 Philadelphia 42121 Venango 42103 Pike 42123 Warren 42105 Potter 42125 Washington 42107 Schuylkill 42127 Wayne 42109 Snyder 42129 Westmoreland 42111 Somerset 42131 Wyoming 42113 Sullivan 42133 York 44 Rhode Island 44001 Bristol 44007 Providence 44003 Kent 44009 Washington 44005 Newport 45 South Carolina 45001 Abbeville 46075 Jones 45003 Aiken 46077 Kingsbury 45005 Allendale 46079 Lake 45007 Anderson 46081 Lawrence 45009 Bamberg 46083 Lincoln 45011 Barnwell 46085 Lyman 45013 Beaufort 46087 Mc Cook 45015 Berkeley 46089 Mc Pherson 45017 Calhoun 46091 Marshall 45019 Charleston 46093 Meade 45021 Cherokee 46095 Meilette 45023 Chester 46097 Miner 45025 Chesterfield 46099 Minnehaha 45027 Clarendon 46101 Moody 45029 Colleton 46103 Pennington 45031 Darlington 46105 Perkins 45033 Dillon 46107 Potter 45035 Dorchester 46109 Roberts 45037 Edgefield 46111 Sanborn 45039 Fairfield 46113 Shannon 45049 Faulk 46115 Spink 45051 Grant 46117 Stanley 45053 Gregory 46119 Sully 45055 Haakon 46121 Todd 45057 Hamlin 46123 Tripp 45059 Hand 46125 Turner 45061 Hanson 46127 Union 45063 Harding 46129 Walworth 45065 Hughes 46131 Washabaugh 46067 Hutchinson 46135 Yankton 46069 Hyde 46137 Ziebach 46071 Jackson 46073 Jerauld 47 Tennessee 47001 Anderson 47149 Rutherford 47003 Bedford 47151 Scott 47005 Benton 47153 Sequatchie 47007 Bledsoe 47155 Sevier 47009 Blount 47157 Shelby 47117 Marshall 47159 Smith 47119 Maury 47161 Stewart 47121 Meigs 47163 Sullivan 47123 Monroe 47165 Sumner 47125 Montgomery 47167 Tipton 47127 Moore 47169 Trousdale 47129 Morgan 47171 Unicoi 47131 Obion 47173 Union 47133 Overton 47175 Van Buren 47135 Perry 47177 Warren 47137 Pickett 47179 Washington 47139 Polk 47181 Wayne 47141 Putnam 47183 Weakley 47143 Rhea 47185 White 47145 Roane 47187 Williamson 47147 Robertson 47189 Wilson 48 Texas 48001 Anderson 48361 Orange 48003 Andrews 48363 Palo Pinto 48005 Angelina 48365 Panola 48007 Aransas 48367 Parker 48009 Archer 48369 Parmer 48011 Armstrong 48371 Pecos 48013 Atascosa 48373 Polk 48015 Austin 48375 Potter 48017 Bailey 48377 Presidio 48019 Bandera 48379 Rains 48021 Bastrop 48381 Randall 48023 Baylor 48383 Reagan 48131 Duval 48385 Real 48133 Eastland 48387 Red River 48135 Ector 48389 Reeves 48137 Edwards 48391 Refugio 48139 Ellis 48393 Roberts 48141 E1 Paso 48395 Robertson 48143 Erath 48397 Rockwall 48145 Falls 48399 Runnels 48147 Fannin 48401 Rusk 48149 Fayette 48403 Sabine 48151 Fisher 48405 San Augustine 48153 Floyd 48407 San Jacinto 48155 Foard 48409 San Patricia 48157 Fort Bend 48411 San Saba 48159 Franklin 48413 Schleicher 48161 Freestone 48415 Scurry 48163 Frio 48417 Shackelford 48165 Gaines 48419 Shelby 48167 Galveston 48421 Sherman 48169 Garza 48423 Smith 48171 Gillespie 48425 Somervell 48173 Glascock 48427 Starr 48175 Goliad 48429 Stephens 48177 Gonzales 48431 Sterling 48179 Gray 48433 Stonewall 48181 Grayson 48435 Sutton 48183 Gregg 48437 Swiskier 48185 Grimes 48439 Tarrant 48187 Guadalupe 48441 Taylor 48189 Hale 48443 Terrell 48191 Hall 48445 Terry 48193 Hamilton 48447 Throckmorton 48195 Hansford 48449 Titus 48197 Hardeman 48451 Tom Green 48199 Hardin 48453 Travis 48201 Harris 48455 Trinity 48203 Harrison 48457 Tyler 48205 Hartley 48459 Upshur 48207 Haskell 48461 Upton 48209 Hays 48463 Uvaide 48211 Hemphill 48465 Val Verde 48213 Henderson 48467 Van Zandt 48215 Hidalgo 48469 Victoria 48217 Hill 48471 Walker 48219 Hockley 48473 Waller 48221 Hood 48475 Ward 48223 Hopkins 48477 Washington 48225 Houston 48479 Webb 48227 Howard 48481 Wharton 48229 Hudspeth 48483 Wheeler 48231 Hunt 48485 Wichita 48233 Hutchinson 48487 Wilbarger 48235 Irion 48489 Willacy 48343 Morris 48491 Williamson 48345 Motley 48493 Wilson 48347 Nacogdoches 48495 Winkler 48349 Navarro 48497 Wise 48351 Newton 48499 Wood 48353 Nolan 48501 Yoakum 48355 Nueces 48503 Young 48357 Ochiitree 48505 Zapata 48359 Oldham 48507 Zavala 49 Utah 49001 Beaver 49031 Piute 49003 Box Elder 49033 Rich 49005 Cache 49035 Salt Lake 49007 Carbon 49037 San Juan 49009 Daggett 49039 Sanpete 49011 Davis 49041 Sevier 49013 Duchesne 49043 Summit 49015 Emery 49045 Tooele 49017 Garfield 49047 Uintah 49019 Grand 49049 Utah 49021 Iron 49051 Wasatch 49023 Juab 49053 Washington 49025 Kane 49055 Wayne 49027 Millard 49057 Weber 49029 Morgan 50 Vermont 50001 Addison 50015 Lamoille 50003 Bennington 50017 Orange 50005 Caledonia 50019 Orleans 50007 Chittenden 50021 Rutland 50009 Essex 50023 Washington 50011 Franklin 50025 Windham 50013 Grand Isle 50027 Windsor 51 Virginia 51001 Accomack 51139 Page 51003 Albemarle 51141 Patrick 51005 Alleghany 51143 Pittsylvania 51007 Amelia 51145 Powhatan 51009 Amherst 51147 Prince Edward 51011 Appomattox 51149 Prince George 51013 Arlington 51153 Prince William 51015 Augusta 51155 Pulaski 51017 Bath 51157 Rappahannock 51019 Bedford 51159 Richmond 51021 Bland 51161 Roanoke 51023 Botetourt 51163 Rockbridge 51025 Brunswick 51165 Rockingham 51027 Buchanan 51167 Russell 51029 Buckingham 51169 Scott 51031 Campbell 51171 Shenandoah 51033 Caroline 51173 Smyth 51035 Carroll 51175 Southampton 51036 Charles City 51177 Spotsylvania 51037 Charlotte 51179 Stafford 51041 Chesterfield 51181 Surry 51043 Clarke 51183 Sussex 51045 Craig 51185 Tazewell 51047 Culpeper 51187 Warren 51049 Cumberland 51191 Washington 51051 Dickenson 51193 Westmoreland 51053 Dinwiddie 51195 Wise 51057 Essex 51197 Wythe 51059 Fairfax 51199 York 51061 Fauquier 51510 Alexandria City 51063 Floyd 51515 Bedford City 51065 Fluvanna 51520 Bristol City 51067 Franklin 51530 Buena Vista City 51069 Frederick 51540 Charlottesville City 51071 Gibes 51550 Chesapeake City 51073 Gloucester 51560 Clifton Forge City 51075 Goochland 51570 Colonial Heights City 51077 Grayson 51580 Cotington City 51079 Greene 51590 Danville City 51081 Greensville 51595 Emporia City 51083 Halifax 51600 Fairfax City 51085 Hanover 51610 Falls Church City 51087 Henrico 51620 Franklin City 51089 Henry 51630 Fredericksburg City 51091 Highland 51640 Galax City 51093 Isle Of Wight 51650 Hampton City 51095 James City 51660 Harrisonburg City 51097 King And Queen 51670 Hopewell City 51099 King George 51678 Lexington City 51101 King William 51680 Lynchburg City 51103 Lancaster 51690 Martinsville City 51105 Lee 51700 Newport News City 51107 Loudoun 51710 Norfolk City 51109 Louisa 51720 Norton City 51111 Lunenberg 51730 Petersburg City 51113 Madison 51740 Portsmouth City 51115 Mathews 51750 Radford City 51117 Mecklenburg 51760 Richmond City 51119 Middlesex 51770 Roanoke City 51121 Montgomery 51775 Salem City 51123 Nansemond 51780 South Boston City 51125 Nelson 51790 Staunton City 51127 New Kent 51800 Suffolk City 51131 Northampton 51810 Virginia Beach City 51133 Northumberland 51820 Waynesboro City 51135 Nottoway 51830 Williamsburg City 51137 Orange 51840 Winchester City 53 Washington 53001 Adams 53041 Lewis 53003 Asotin 53043 Lincoln 53005 Benton 53045 Mason 53007 Chelan 53047 Okanogan 53009 Clallam 53049 Pacific 53011 Clark 53051 Pend Oreille 53013 Columbia 53053 Pierce 53015 Cowlitz 53055 San Juan 53017 Douglas 53057 Skagit 53019 Ferry 53059 Skamania 53021 Franklin 53061 Snohomish 53023 Garfield 53063 Spokane 53025 Grant 53065 Stevens 53027 Grays Harbor 53067 Thurston 53029 Island 53069 Wahkiakum 53031 Jefferson 53071 Walla Walla 53033 King 53073 Whatcom 53035 Kitsap 53075 Whitman 53037 Kittitas 53077 Yakima 53039 Klickitat 54 west Virginia 54001 Barbour 54057 Mineral 54003 Berkeley 54059 Mingo 54005 Boone 54061 Monongalia 54007 Braxton 54063 Monroe 54009 Brooke 54065 Morgan 54011 Cabell 54067 Nicholas 54013 Calhoun 54069 Ohio 54015 Clay 54071 Pendleton 54017 Doddridge 54073 Pleasants 54019 Fayette 54075 Pocahontas 54021 Gilmer 54077 Preston 54023 Grant 54079 Putnam 54025 Greenbrjer 54081 Raleigh 54027 Hampshire 54083 Randolph 54029 Hancock 54085 Ritchie 54031 Hardy 54087 Roane 54033 Harrison 54089 Summers 54035 Jackson 54091 Taylor 54037 Jefferson 54093 Tucker 54039 Kanawha 54095 Tyler 54041 Lewis 54097 Upshur 54043 Lincoln 54099 Wayne 54045 Logan 54101 Webster 54047 Me Dowell 54103 Wetzel 54049 Marion 54105 Wirt 54051 Marshall 54107 Wood 54053 Mason 54109 Wyoming 54055 Mercer 55 Wisconsin 55001 Adams 55073 Marathon 55003 Ashland 55075 Marinette 55005 Barron 55077 Marquette 55007 Bayfield 55078 Menominee 55009 Brown 55079 Milwaukee 55011 Buffalo 55081 Monroe 55013 Burnett 55083 Oconto 55015 Calumet 55085 Oneida 55017 Chippewa 55087 Outagamie 55019 Clark 55089 Ozaukee 55021 Columbia 55091 Pepin 55023 Crawford 55093 Pierce 55025 Dane 55095 Polk 55027 Dodge 55097 Portage 55029 Door 55099 Price 55031 Douglas 55101 Racine 55033 Dunn 55103 Richland 55035 Eau Claire 55105 Rock 55037 Florence 55107 Rusk 55039 Fond Du Lac 55109 St Croix 55041 Forest 55111 Sauk 55043 Grant 55113 Sawyer 55045 Green 55115 Shawano 55047 Green Lake 55117 Sheboygan 55049 Iowe 55119 Taylor 55051 Iran 55121 Trempealeau 55053 Jackson 55123 Vernon 55055 Jefferson 55125 Vilas 55057 Juneau 55127 Walworth 55059 Kenosha 55129 Washburn 55061 Kewaunee 55131 Washington 55063 La Crosse 55133 Waukesha 55065 Lafayette 55135 Waupaca 55067 Langlade 55137 Waushara 55069 Lincoln 55139 Winnebago 55071 Manitowoc 55141 Wood 56 Wyoming 56001 Albany 56025 Natrona 56003 Big Horn 56027 Niabrara 56005 Campbell 56029 Park 56007 Carbon 56031 Platte 56009 Converse 56033 Sheridan 56011 Crook 56035 Sublette 56013 Fremont 56037 Sweetwater 56015 Goshen 56039 Teton 56017 Hot Springs 56041 Uinta 56019 Johnson 56043 Washakie 56021 Laramie 56045 Weston 56023 Lincoln >> 1982 CANDIDATE LIST - PERSONAL INTERVIEWS This is the list of candidate names used in the administration of the 1982 Personal Interviews. In the field identifying the candidate's partisan affiliation the following party abbreviations are used: DEM=Democratic REP=Republican CON=Conservative LIB=Liberal RTL=Right to Life IND=Independent D-L=Democratic and Liberal R-C=Republican and Conservative DRL=Democratic and Republican and Liberal MEANING OF FIELDS COL 1 : TYPE OF RECORD (1=HOUSE/2=SENATE/3=GOVERNOR) COL 3-4 : ICPSR STATE CODE COL 6-7 : STATE ALPHABETIC ABBREVIATION COL 9-10: ACTUAL CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT NUMBER COL 12: CANDIDATE GENDER (1=MALE/2=FEMALE) COL 15-16: FUNCTIONAL CANDIDATE CODE COL 19-54: CANDIDATE NAME COL 55-57: PARTY OF CANDIDATE COL 65-BO: STATE NAME (ALPHA) ALABAMA 3 41 AL 00 1 51 George C Wallace DEM Alabama 3 41 AL 00 1 52 Emory Folmar REP Alabama 2 41 AL 00 1 17 Howell Heflin DEM Alabama 2 41 AL 00 1 18 Jeremiah Denton REP Alabama 1 41 AL 02 1 34 William L Dickinson REP Alabama 1 41 AL 02 1 35 Billy Joe Camp DEM Alabama 1 41 AL 03 1 33 Bill Nichols DEM Alabama ARKANSAS 3 42 AR 00 1 54 Frank D White REP Arkansas 3 42 AR 00 1 55 Bill Clinton DEM Arkansas 2 42 AR 00 1 17 Dale Bumpers DEM Arkansas 2 42 AR 00 1 18 David Pryor DEM Arkansas 1 42 AR 01 1 33 Bill Alexander DEM Arkansas 1 42 AR 01 1 36 Chuck Banks REP Arkansas 1 42 AR 02 1 34 Ed Bethune REP Arkansas 1 42 AR 02 1 35 Charles L George DEM Arkansas 1 42 AR 04 1 33 Beryl Anthony Jr DEM Arkansas 1 42 AR 04 1 36 Bob Leslie REP Arkansas ARIZONA 3 61 AZ 00 1 53 Bruce Babbitt DEM Arizona 3 61 AZ 00 1 56 Leo Corbet REP Arizona 2 61 AZ 00 1 13 Dennis DeConcklin DEM Arizona 2 61 AZ 00 1 16 Pete Dunn REP Arizona 2 61 AZ 00 1 19 Barry Goldwater REP Arizona 1 61 AZ 01 1 31 William E Hegarty DEM Arizona 1 61 AZ 01 1 32 John McCain REP Arizona 1 61 AZ 02 1 33 Morris K Udall DEM Arizona 1 61 AZ 02 1 36 Roy B Laos REP Arizona 1 61 AZ 03 1 34 Bob Stump REP Arizona 1 61 AZ 03 1 35 Pat Bosch DEM Arizona 1 61 AZ 04 1 34 Eldon Rudd REP Arizona 1 61 AZ 04 1 35 Wayne D Earley DEM Arizona CALIFORNIA 3 71 CA 00 1 51 Tom Bradley DEM California 3 71 CA 00 1 52 George Deukme Ian REP California 2 71 CA 00 1 11 Edmund G ~Jerry" Brown Jr DEM California 2 71 CA 00 1 12 Pete Wilson REP California 2 71 CA 00 1 19 Alan Cranston DEM California 1 71 CA 02 1 34 Gene Chapple REP California 1 71 CA 02 1 35 John Newmeyer DEM California 1 71 CA 04 1 33 Vic Fazio DEM California 1 71 CA 04 1 36 Roger B Canfield REP California 1 71 CA 05 1 33 Phillip Burton DEM California 1 71 CA 05 1 36 Milton Marks REP California 1 71 CA 06 2 31 Barbara Boxer DEM California 1 71 CA 06 1 32 Dennis McQuaid REP California 1 71 CA 08 1 33 Ronald V Dellums DEM California 1 71 CA 08 1 36 Claude B Hutchison Jr REP California 1 71 CA 09 1 33 Fortney H ~Pete~ Stark DEM California 1 71 CA 09 1 36 Bill Kennedy REP California 1 71 CA 11 1 33 Tom Lantos DEM California 1 71 CA 11 1 36 Bill Royer REP California 1 71 CA 12 1 31 Emmett Lynch DEM California 1 71 CA 12 1 32 Ed Zechau REP California 1 71 CA 14 1 34 Norman D Shumway REP California 1 71 CA 14 1 35 Baron Reed DEM California 1 71 CA 17 1 34 Charles Pashayan Dr. REP California 1 71 CA 17 1 35 Gene Tackett DEM California 1 71 CA 21 2 34 Bobbi Fiedler REP California 1 71 CA 21 1 35 George Henry Margolis DEM California 1 71 CA 22 1 34 Carlos Moorhead REP California 1 71 CA 22 1 35 Harvey L Goldhammer DEM California 1 71 CA 23 1 33 Anthony C Bellenson DEM California 1 71 CA 23 1 36 David Armor REP California 1 71 CA 24 1 33 Henry A Waxman DEM California 1 71 CA 24 1 36 Jerry Zerg REP California 1 71 CA 25 1 33 Edward R. Roybal DEM California 1 71 CA 26 1 31 Howard L Berman DEM California 1 71 CA 26 1 32 Hal Phillips REP California 1 71 CA 27 1 31 Mel Levine DEM California 1 71 CA 27 1 32 Bart W Christensen REP California 1 71 CA 28 1 33 Julian C Dixon DEM California 1 71 CA 28 1 36 David Goerz REP California 1 71 CA 32 1 33 Glenn M Anderson DEM California 1 71 CA 32 1 36 Brian Lungren REP California 1 71 CA 33 1 34 David Dreler REP California 1 71 CA 33 1 35 Paul Servelle DEM California 1 71 CA 34 1 31 Esteban Torres DEM California 1 71 CA 34 1 32 Paul R Jackson REP California 1 71 CA 38 1 33 Jerry M Patterson DEM California 1 71 CA 38 1 36 William F Dohr REP California 1 71 CA 39 1 34 William E Dannemeyer REP California 1 71 CA 39 1 35 Frank G Verges DEM California 1 71 CA 41 1 34 Bill Lowery REP California 1 71 CA 41 1 35 Tony Brandenburg DEM California 1 71 CA 42 1 34 Dan Lungren REP California 1 71 CA 42 1 35 James P Spellman DEM California 1 71 CA 43 1 31 Roy "Pat" Archer DEM California 1 71 CA 43 1 32 Johnny Crean REP California 1 71 CA 43 1 39 Ron Packard IND California 1 71 CA 44 1 31 Jim Bates DEM California 1 71 CA 44 2 32 Shirley M Glesendanner REP California 1 71 CA 45 1 34 Duncan L Hunter REP California 1 71 CA 45 1 35 Richard Hill DEM California COLORADO 3 62 CO 00 1 53 Richard O Lamm DEM Colorado 3 62 CO 00 1 56 John D Fuhr REP Colorado 2 62 CO 00 1 17 Gary Hart DEM Colorado 2 62 CO 00 1 18 William R Armstrong REP Colorado 1 62 CO 04 1 34 Hank Brown REP Colorado 1 62 CO 04 1 35 Charles L "Bud" Bishop DEM Colorado CONNECTICUT 3 01 CT 00 1 53 William A O'Neill DEM Connecticut 3 01 CT 00 1 56 Lewis B Rome REP Connecticut 2 01 CT 00 1 14 Lowell P Welcker Jr REP Connecticut 2 01 CT 00 1 15 Toby Moffett DEM Connecticut 2 01 CT 00 1 19 Christopher J Dodd DEM Connecticut 1 01 CT 02 1 33 Sam Geidenson DEM Connecticut 1 01 CT 02 1 36 Tony Gugllelmo REP Connecticut 1 01 CT 04 1 34 Stewart B McKinney REP Connecticut 1 01 CT 04 1 35 John A Phillips DEM Connecticut FLORIDA 3 43 FL 00 1 53 Robert Graham DEM Florida 3 43 FL 00 1 56 LA "Skip" Bafalis REP Florida 2 43 FL 00 1 13 Lawton Chiles DEM Florida 2 43 FL 00 1 16 Van B Poole REP Florida 2 43 FL 00 2 19 Paula Hawkins REP Florida 1 43 FL 05 1 34 Bill McCollum REP Florida 1 43 FL 05 1 35 Dick Batchelor DEM Florida 1 43 FL 10 1 33 Andy Ireland DEM Florida 1 43 FL 13 1 31 Dana N Stevens DEM Florida 1 43 FL 13 1 32 Connie Mack REP Florida 1 43 FL 16 1 31 Larry Smith DEM Florida 1 43 FL 16 1 32 Maurice Berkowitz REP Florida 1 43 FL 17 1 33 William Lehman DEM Florida 1 43 FL 18 1 33 Claude Pepper DEM Florida 1 43 FL 18 1 36 Ricardo Nunez REP Florida 1 43 FL 19 1 33 Dante B Fascell DEM Florida 1 43 FL 19 1 36 Glenn Rinker REP Florida GEORGIA 3 44 GA 00 1 51 Joe Frank Harnis DEM Georgia 3 44 GA 00 1 52 Bob Bell REP Georgia 2 44 GA 00 1 17 Sam Nunn DEM Georgia 2 44 GA 00 1 18 Mack Mattingly REP Georgia 1 44 GA 02 1 33 Charles Hatcher DEM Georgia 1 44 GA 04 1 33 Elliott H Levitas DEM Georgia 1 44 GA 04 1 36 Diak Winder REP Georgia 1 44 GA 05 1 33 Wyche Fowler Jr DEM Georgia 1 44 GA 05 1 36 Paul Jones REP Georgia 1 44 GA 05 1 39 J D "Billy" McKinney IND Georgia 1 44 GA 09 1 33 Ed Jenkins DEM Georgia 1 44 GA 09 1 36 Charles Sherwood REP Georgia IOWA 3 31 IA 00 2 51 Roxanne Conlin DEM Iowa 3 31 IA 00 1 52 Terry Branstad REP Iowa 2 31 IA 00 1 17 Roger W Oepsen REP Iowa 2 31 IA 00 1 18 Charles E Grassley REP Iowa 1 31 IA 03 1 34 Cooper Evans REP Iowa 1 31 IA 03 1 35 Lynn G Cutler DEM Iowa 1 31 IA 05 1 33 Tom Harkin DEM Iowa 1 31 IA 05 1 36 Arlyn E Danker REP Iowa ILLINOIS 3 21 IL 00 1 54 James R Thompson REP Illinois 3 21 IL 00 1 55 Adlai E Stevenson III DEM Illinois 2 21 IL 00 1 17 Charles H Percy REP Illinois 2 21 IL 00 1 18 Alan O Dixon DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 01 1 33 Harold Washington DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 01 1 36 Charles Allen Taliaferro REP Illinois 1 21 IL 03 1 33 Marty Russo DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 03 1 36 Richard D Murphy REP Illinois 1 21 IL 04 1 34 George M O'Brien REP Illinois 1 21 IL 04 1 35 Michael A Murer DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 05 1 31 William 0. Lipinski DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 05 1 32 Daniel Partyka REP Illinois 1 21 IL 06 1 34 Henry O Hyde REP Illinois 1 21 IL 06 1 35 Leroy E Kennel DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 08 1 33 Dan Rostenkowski DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 08 2 36 Bonnie Hickey REP Illinois 1 21 IL 09 1 33 Sidney R Yates DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 09 2 36 Catherine Bertini REP Illinois 1 21 IL 10 1 34 John Edward Porter REP Illinois 1 21 IL 10 2 35 Eugenia S Chapman DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 11 1 33 Frank Annunzio DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 11 1 36 James Moynihan REP Illinois 1 21 IL 12 1 34 Phillip M Crane REP Illinois 1 21 IL 12 1 35 Daniel G DeFosse DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 13 1 34 John N Erlenborn REP Illinois 1 21 IL 13 1 35 Robert Billy DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 14 1 34 Tom Corcoran REP Illinois 1 21 IL 14 1 35 Dan McGrath DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 15 1 34 Edward R Madigan REP Illinois 1 21 IL 15 1 35 Tim L Hall DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 18 1 34 Robert H Michel REP Illinois 1 21 IL 18 1 35 G Douglas Stephens DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 21 1 33 Melvin Price DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 21 1 36 Robert H Gaffner REP Illinois 1 21 IL 22 1 33 Paul Simon DEM Illinois 1 21 IL 22 1 36 Peter G Prineas REP Illinois INDIANA 2 22 IN 00 1 14 Richard G Logan REP Indiana 2 22 IN 00 1 15 Floyd Ilthian DEM Indiana 2 22 IN 00 1 19 Dan Quayle REP Indiana 1 22 IN 01 2 31 Katie Hall DEM Indiana 1 22 IN 01 1 32 Thomas H Krieger REP Indiana 1 22 IN 06 1 31 George Grablanowski DEM Indiana 1 22 IN 06 1 32 Dan Burton REP Indiana 1 22 IN 10 1 33 Andrew Jacobs Jr DEM Indiana 1 22 IN 10 1 36 Michael A Carrel REP Indiana KENTUCKY 2 51 KY 00 1 17 Walter "Deer" Huddleston DEM Kentucky 2 51 KY 00 1 18 Wendell H Ford DEM Kentucky 1 51 KY 01 1 33 Carroll Hubbard Jr DEM Kentucky 1 51 KY 03 1 33 Romano L Mazzoli DEM Kentucky 1 51 KY 03 1 36 Carl Brown REP Kentucky 1 51 KY 04 1 34 Gene Snyder REP Kentucky 1 51 KY 04 1 35 Terry L Mann DEM Kentucky LOUISIANA 2 45 LA 00 1 17 Russell B Long DEM Louisiana 2 45 LA 00 1 18 J Bennett Johnston DEM Louisiana 1 45 LA 05 1 33 Jerry Huckaby DEM Louisiana 1 45 LA 07 1 33 John B Breaux DEM Louisiana MASSACHUSETTS 3 03 MA 00 1 51 Michael S Dukakis DEM Massachusetts 3 03 MA 00 1 52 John W Sears REP Massachusetts 2 03 MA 00 1 13 Edward M "Ted" Kennedy DEM Massachusetts 2 03 MA 00 1 16 Raymond Shamie REP Massachusetts 2 03 MA 00 1 19 Paul E Tsongas DEM Massachusetts 1 03 MA 01 1 34 Silvio O Conte REP Massachusetts 1 03 MA 02 1 33 Edward P Boland DEM Massachusetts 1 03 MA 02 1 36 Thomas P Swank REP Massachusetts 1 03 MA 03 1 33 Joseph D Early DEM Massachusetts 1 03 MA 07 1 33 Edward J Markey DEM Massachusetts 1 03 MA 07 1 36 David M Baslle REP Massachusetts 1 03 MA 08 1 33 Thomas P O'Neill Jr DEM Massachusetts 1 03 MA 08 1 36 Frank Luke McNamara REP Massachusetts 1 03 MA 09 1 33 Joe Moakley DEM Massachusetts 1 03 MA 09 2 36 Deborah R Cochran REP Massachusetts MARYLAND 3 52 MD 00 1 53 Harry R Hughes DEM Maryland 3 52 MD 00 1 56 Robert A Pascal REP Maryland 2 52 MD 00 1 13 Paul Sarbanes DEM Maryland 2 52 MD 00 1 16 Lawrence J Hogan REP Maryland 2 52 MD 00 1 19 Charles Mc Mathias REP Maryland 1 52 MD 01 1 33 Roy Dyson DEM Maryland 1 52 MD 01 1 36 C A Porter Hopkins REP Maryland 1 52 MD 02 1 33 Clarence D Long DEM Maryland 1 52 MD 02 2 36 Helen Dellch Bentley REP Maryland 1 52 MD 07 1 33 Parren J Mitchell DEM Maryland 1 52 MD 07 2 36 M Leonora Jones REP Maryland 1 52 MD 08 1 33 Michael D Barnes DEM Maryland 1 52 MD 08 2 36 Elizabeth W Spencer REP Maryland MAINE 3 02 ME 00 1 53 Joseph E Brennan DEM Maine 3 02 ME 00 1 56 Charles L Cragin REP Maine 2 02 ME 00 1 13 George J Mitchell DEM Maine 2 02 ME 00 1 16 David F Emery REP Maine 2 02 ME 00 1 19 William S Cohen REP Maine 1 02 ME 01 1 31 John M Kerry DEM Maine 1 02 ME 01 1 32 John R McKernan Jr REP Maine MICHIGAN 3 23 MI 00 1 51 James J Blanchard DEM Michigan 3 23 MI 00 1 52 Richard H Headlee REP Michigan 2 23 MI 00 1 13 Donald W Riegle Jr DEM Michigan 2 23 MI 00 1 16 Philip E Ruppe REP Michigan 2 23 MI 00 1 19 Carl Levin DEM Michigan 1 23 MI 01 1 33 John Conyers Jr DEM Michigan 1 23 MI 04 1 34 Mark Siljander REP Michigan 1 23 MI 04 1 35 David A Masiokas DEM Michigan 1 23 MI 07 1 33 Dale E Kildee DEM Michigan 1 23 MI 07 1 36 George R Darrah REP Michigan 1 23 MI 14 1 33 Dennis M Hertel DEM Michigan 1 23 MI 15 1 33 William D Ford DEM Michigan 1 23 MI 15 1 36 Mitchell Moran REP Michigan 1 23 MI 16 1 33 John D Dingell DEM Michigan 1 23 MI 16 1 36 David K Haskins REP Michigan 1 23 MI 17 1 31 Sander Levin DEM Michigan 1 23 MI 17 1 32 Gerald E Rosen REP Michigan 1 23 MI 18 1 34 William S Broomfield REP Michigan 1 23 MI 18 1 35 Allen J Sipher DEM Michigan MINNESOTA 3 33 MN 00 1 51 Rudy Perpich DEM Minnesota 3 33 MN 00 1 52 Wheelock Whitney REP Minnesota 2 33 MN 00 1 14 David Durenberger . REP Minnesota 2 33 MN 00 1 15 Mark Dayton DEM Minnesota 2 33 MN 00 1 19 Rudy Boschwitz REP Minnesota 1 33 MN 04 1 33 Bruce F Vento DEM Minnesota 1 33 MN 04 1 36 Bill James REP Minnesota 1 33 MN 05 1 33 Martin Olav Sabo DEM Minnesota 1 33 MN 05 1 36 Keith W Johnson REP Minnesota 1 33 MN 06 1 34 Arlen Erdahl REP Minnesota 1 33 MN 06 1 35 Gerry Sikorski DEM Minnesota MISSOURI 2 34 MO 00 1 14 John C Danforth REP Missouri 2 34 MO 00 2 15 Harriet Woods DEM Missouri 2 34 MO 00 1 19 Thomas F Eagleton DEM Missouri 1 34 MO 03 1 33 Richard A Gephardt DEM Missouri 1 34 MO 03 1 36 Richard Forlstel REP Missouri 1 34 MO OR 1 34 Bill Emerson REP Missouri 1 34 MO 08 1 35 Jerry Ford DEM Missouri 1 34 MO 09 1 33 Harold L Volkmer DEM Missouri 1 34 MO 09 1 36 Larry E Mead REP Missouri MISSISSIPPI 2 46 MS 00 1 13 John C Stennis DEM Mississippi 2 46 MS 00 1 16 Haley Barbour REP Mississippi 2 46 MS 00 1 19 Thad Cochran REP Mississippi 1 46 MS 03 1 33 G V "Sonny" Montgomery DEM Mississippi 1 46 MS 04 1 33 Wayne Dowdy DEM Mississippi 1 46 MS 04 1 36 Liles Williams REP Mississippi NORTH CAROLINA 2 47 NC 00 1 17 Jesse Helms REP North Carolina 2 47 NC 00 1 18 John P East REP North Carolina 1 47 NC 01 1 33 Walter B Jones DEM North Carolina 1 47 NC 01 1 36 James F McIntyre III REP North Carolina 1 47 NC 10 1 34 James T Broyhill REP North Carolina NEBRASKA 3 35 NE 00 1 54 Charles Thone REP Nebraska 3 35 NE 00 1 55 Bob Kerrey DEM Nebraska 2 35 NE 00 1 13 Edward Zortnsky DEM Nebraska 2 35 NE 00 1 16 Jim Keck REP Nebraska 2 35 NE 00 1 19 J James Exon DEM Nebraska 1 35 NE 03 2 34 Virginia Smith REP Nebraska NEW JERSEY 2 12 NJ 00 1 11 Frank R Lautenberg DEM New Jersey 2 12 NJ 00 2 12 Millicent Fenwick REP New Jersey 2 12 NJ 00 1 19 Bill Bradley DEM New Jersey 1 12 NJ 01 1 33 James L Florid DEM New Jersey 1 12 NJ 01 1 36 John A Dramesi REP New Jersey 1 12 NJ 04 1 34 Christopher H Smith REP New Jersey 1 12 NJ 04 1 35 Joseph P Merlino DEM New Jersey 1 12 NJ 06 1 33 Bernard J Dwyer DEM New Jersey 1 12 NJ 06 1 36 Bertram L Buckler REP New Jersey 1 12 NJ 07 1 34 Matthew O Rinaldo REP New Jersey 1 12 NJ 07 1 35 Adam K Levis DEM New Jersey 1 12 NJ 11 1 33 Joseph G Minish DEM New Jersey 1 12 NJ 11 1 36 Rey Redington REP New Jersey 1 12 NJ 12 1 34 Jim Courter REP New Jersey 1 12 NJ 12 1 35 Jeff Connor DEM New Jersey 1 12 NJ 13 1 34 Edwin B Forsythe REP New Jersey 1 12 NJ 13 1 35 George Callas DEM New Jersey 1 12 NJ 14 1 33 Frank J Guarini DEM New Jersey 1 12 NJ 14 1 36 Charles J Catrillo REP New Jersey NEW YORK 3 13 NY 00 1 51 Mario M Cuomo D-L New York 3 13 NY 00 1 52 Lew Lehrman R-C New York 2 13 NY 00 1 13 Daniel Patrick Moynihan D-L New York 2 13 NY 00 2 16 Florence Sullivan R-C New York 2 13 NY 00 1 19 Alfonse M D'Amato REP New York 1 13 NY 03 1 34 John LeBoutillier R-C New York 1 13 NY 03 1 35 Robert J Mrazek DEM New York 1 13 NY 03 1 37 Edward Birnbaum LIB New York 1 13 NY 04 1 34 Norman F Lent R-C New York 1 13 NY 04 1 35 Robert P Zimmerman D-L New York 1 13 NY 04 1 39 John J Dunkle RTL New York 1 13 NY 06 1 33 Joseph P Addabbo D-L New York 1 13 NY 06 1 37 Mark E Scott CON New York 1 13 NY 08 1 33 James H Schemer D-L New York 1 13 NY 08 1 37 John T Blume CON New York 1 13 NY 10 1 33 Charles E Schumer D-L New York 1 13 NY 10 1 36 Stephen Marks R-C New York 1 13 NY 10 2 39 Alice J Bertolotti RTL New York 1 13 NY 11 1 31 Edolphus Towns DEM New York 1 13 NY 11 1 32 James W Smith REP New York 1 13 NY 11 1 37 Patrick W Giagnacova LIB New York 1 13 NY 12 1 31 Major R Owens D-L New York 1 13 NY 12 1 32 David Katan So REP New York 1 13 NY 12 1 37 David E Rosenstroch CON New York 1 13 NY 14 1 33 Leo C Zeferetti DEM New York 1 13 NY 14 1 34 Guy V Molinari R-C New York 1 13 NY 14 1 37 Carl F Grillo LIB New York 1 13 NY 15 1 34 Bill Green REP New York 1 13 NY 15 2 35 Betty G Lall D-L New York 1 13 NY 15 1 37 Henry VanRossem CON New York 1 13 NY 16 1 33 Charles B Rangel D-L New York 1 13 NY 16 1 37 Michael T Berns CON New York 1 13 NY 17 1 33 Ted Weiss D-L New York 1 13 NY 17 1 36 Louls S Antonelli R-C New York 1 13 NY 18 1 33 Robert Garcia DRL New York 1 13 NY 18 1 37 Mario Pichler CON New York 1 13 NY 20 1 33 Richard L Ottinger DEM New York 1 13 NY 20 1 36 Don S Fossel R-C New York 1 13 NY 20 2 39 Florence T O'Grady RTL New York 1 13 NY 25 2 31 Anita Maxwell DEM New York 1 13 NY 25 1 32 Sherwood L Boehlert REP New York 1 13 NY 25 1 39 Donald J Thomas RTL New York 1 13 NY 27 1 34 George C Wortley REP New York 1 13 NY 27 2 35 Elaine Lytel D-L New York 1 13 NY 27 1 37 Thomas M Hunter CON New York 1 13 NY 28 1 33 Matthew F McHugh O-L New York 1 13 NY 28 1 36 David F Crowley R-C New York 1 13 NY 28 1 39 Mark Masterson RTL New York OHIO 3 24 OH 00 1 51 Richard F Celeste DEM Ohio 3 24 OH 00 1 52 Clarence O Brown REP Ohio 2 24 OH 00 1 13 Howard M Metzenbaum DEM Ohio 2 24 OH 00 1 16 Paul E Pfeffer REP Ohio 2 24 OH 00 1 19 John Glenn DEM Ohio 1 24 OH 03 1 33 Tony P Hall DEM Ohio 1 24 OH 04 1 34 Michael Oxley REP Ohio 1 24 OH 04 1 35 Robert W Moon DEM Ohio 1 24 OH 07 1 31 Roger D Tackett DEM Ohio 1 24 OH 07 1 32 Michael Dewine REP Ohio 1 24 OH 08 1 34 Thomas N Kindness REP Ohio 1 24 OH 08 1 35 John W Griffin DEM Ohio 1 24 OH 09 1 34 Ed Weber REP Ohio 1 24 OH 09 2 35 Marcy Kaptur DEM Ohio 1 24 OH 11 1 33 Dennis E Eckart DEM Ohio 1 24 OH 11 1 36 Glen W Warner REP Ohio 1 24 OH 19 1 31 Edward F Feighan DEM Ohio 1 24 OH 19 1 32 Richard G Anter II REP Ohio 1 24 OH 20 2 33 Mary Rose Oakar DEM Ohio 1 24 OH 20 1 36 Paris T LeJeune REP Ohio 1 24 OH 21 1 33 Louis Stokes DEM Ohio 1 24 OH 21 1 36 Alan G Shatteen REP Ohio OKLAHOMA 3 53 OK 00 1 53 George Nigh DEM Oklahoma 3 53 OK 00 1 56 Tom Daxon REP Oklahoma 2 53 OK 00 1 17 David L Boren DEM Oklahoma 2 53 OK 00 1 18 Don Nickles REP Oklahoma 1 53 OK 01 1 33 James R Jones DEM Oklahoma 1 53 OK 01 1 36 Richard C Freeman REP Oklahoma 1 53 OK 02 1 33 Mike Synar DEM Oklahoma 1 53 OK 02 1 36 Lou Striegel REP Oklahoma OREGON 3 72 OR 00 1 54 Victor L Atlyeh REP Oregon 3 72 OR 00 1 55 Ted Kulongoski DEM Oregon 2 72 OR 00 1 17 Mark O Hatfield REP Oregon 2 72 OR 00 1 18 Bob Packwood REP Oregon 1 72 OR 04 1 33 James Weaver DEM Oregon 1 72 OR 04 1 36 Ross Anthony REP Oregon PENNSYLVANIA 3 14 PA 00 1 54 Richard L Thornburgh REP Pennsylvania 3 14 PA 00 1 55 Allen E Ertel DEM Pennsylvania 2 14 PA 00 1 14 John Heinz REP Pennsylvania 2 14 PA 00 1 15 Cecil H Wecht DEM Pennsylvania 2 14 PA 00 1 19 Arlen Specter REP Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 01 1 33 Thomas M Fogiletta DEM Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 01 1 36 Michael Marino REP Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 02 1 33 William H Gray III DEM Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 02 1 39 Milton Street IND Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 03 1 34 Charles F Dougherty REP Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 03 1 35 Robert A Borski DEM Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 05 1 34 Richard T Schulze REP Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 05 1 35 Bob Burger DEM Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 11 1 34 James L Nelligan REP Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 11 1 35 Frank Harrison DEM Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 14 1 33 William J Coyne DEM Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 14 1 36 John R Clark REP Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 16 1 34 Robert S Walker REP Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 16 2 35 Dean D Mowery DEM Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 17 1 31 Larry d Hochendoner DEM Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 17 1 32 George W Gekas REP Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 18 1 33 Doug Walgren DEM Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 18 1 36 Ted Jacob . REP Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 22 1 33 Austin J Murphy DEM Pennsylvania 1 14 PA 22 1 36 Frank Paterra REP Pennsylvania SOUTH CAROLINA 3 48 SC 00 1 53 Richard Riley DEM South Carolina 3 48 SC 00 1 56 William D Workman Dr. REP South Carolina 2 48 SC 00 1 17 Strom Thurmond REP South Carolina 2 48 SC 00 1 18 Ernest F Hollings DEM South Carolina 1 48 SC 02 1 34 Floyd Spence REP South Carolina 1 48 SC 02 1 35 Ken Mosely DEM South Carolina SOUTH DAKOTA 3 37 SD 00 1 54 William J Danklow REP South Dakota 3 37 SD 00 1 55 Mike O'Connor DEM South Dakota 2 37 SD 00 1 17 Larry Pressler REP South Dakota 2 37 SD 00 1 18 James Abdnor REP South Dakota 1 37 SD 98 1 33 Thomas A Daschle DEM South Dakota 1 37 SD 98 1 34 Clint Roberts REP South Dakota TENNESSEE 3 54 TN 00 1 54 Lamar Alexander REP Tennessee 3 54 TN 00 1 55 Randy Tyree DEM Tennessee 2 54 TN 00 1 13 Jim Sasser DEM Tennessee 2 54 TN 00 1 16 Robin L Beard REP Tennessee 2 54 TN 00 1 19 Howard H Baker Jr REP Tennessee 1 54 TN 04 1 31 Jim Cooper DEM Tennessee 1 54 TN 04 2 32 Cissy Baker REP Tennessee TEXAS 3 49 TX 00 1 54 William P Clements Jr REP Texas 3 49 TX 00 1 55 Mark White DEM Texas 2 49 TX 00 1 13 Lloyd Bentsen DEM Texas 2 49 TX 00 1 16 James M Collins REP Texas 2 49 TX 00 1 19 John Tower REP Texas 1 49 TX 07 1 34 Bill Archer REP Texas 1 49 TX 07 1 35 Dennis Scoggins DEM Texas 1 49 TX 08 1 34 Jack Fields REP Texas 1 49 TX 08 1 35 Henry E Allee DEM Texas 1 49 TX 17 1 33 Charles W Stenholm DEM Texas 1 49 TX 18 1 33 Mickey Leland DEM Texas 1 49 TX 18 1 36 C Leon Pickett REP Texas 1 49 TX 22 1 34 Ron Paul REP Texas UTAH 2 67 UT 00 1 14 Doris G Hatch REP Utah 2 67 UT 00 1 15 Ted Wilson DEM Utah 2 67 UT 00 1 19 Jake Garn REP Utah 1 67 UT 02 1 34 Dan Marriott REP Utah 1 67 UT 02 2 35 Frances Farley DEM Utah 1 67 UT 03 1 32 Howard C Nielson REP Utah 1 67 UT 03 1 39 Henry A Hulsh IND Utah VIRGINIA 2 40 VA 00 1 11 Richard J Davis DEM Virginia 2 40 VA 00 1 12 Paul S Trivle Jr REP Virginia 2 40 VA 00 1 19 John W Warner REP Virginia 1 40 VA 03 1 34 Thomas J Billey Jr REP Virginia 1 40 VA 03 1 35 John Waldrop Jr DEM Virginia 1 40 VA 08 1 34 Stan Parris REP Virginia 1 40 VA 08 1 35 Herbert E Harris II DEM Virginia 1 40 VA 10 1 34 Frank R Wolf REP Virginia 1 40 VA 10 1 35 Ira M Lechner DEM Virginia WASHINGTON 2 73 WA 00 1 13 Henry M "Scoop" Jackson DEM Washington 2 73 WA 00 1 16 Doug Jewett REP Washington 2 73 WA 00 1 19 Slade Gorton REP Washington 1 73 WA 01 1 34 Joel Pritchard REP Washington 1 73 WA 01 1 35 Brian Long DEM Washington 1 73 WA 02 1 33 Al Swift DEM Washington 1 73 WA 02 2 36 Joan Houchen REP Washington 1 73 WA 07 1 33 Mike Lowry DEM Washington 1 73 WA 07 1 36 Bob Douse REP Washington 1 73 WA 08 2 31 Beth Bland DEM Washington 1 73 WA 08 1 32 Rodney Chandler REP Washington WISCONSIN 3 25 WI 00 1 51 Anthony S Earl DEM Wisconsin 3 25 WI 00 1 52 Terry Kohler REP Wisconsin 2 25 WI 00 1 13 William Proxmire DEM Wisconsin 2 25 WI 00 1 16 Scott McCallum REP Wisconsin 2 25 WI 00 1 19 Robert W Kasten Jr REP Wisconsin 1 25 WI 06 1 34 Thomas E Petri REP Wisconsin 1 25 WI 06 1 35 Gordon E Loehr DEM Wisconsin 1 25 WI 09 1 34 F James Sensenbrenner Jr REP Wisconsin WEST VIRGINIA 2 56 WV 00 1 13 Robert C Byrd DEM West Virginia 2 56 WV 00 1 16 Cleve Benedict REP West Virginia 2 56 WV 00 1 19 Jennings Randolph DEM West Virginia 1 56 WV 03 1 34 David Michael Staton REP West Virginia 1 56 WV 03 1 35 Bob Wise DEM West Virginia >> 1982 CANDIDATE LIST - CATI INTERVIEWS This is the list of candidate names used in the administration the ISR and BERKELEY CATI interviews. Each cluster is headed by a line containing a three digit code which is the Telephone Cluster Identification Number documented in the codebook as v4. Correct pronunciation of the candidate name was inserted where necessary to insure consistent pronunciation and appears here < >. In the field identifying the candidate's partisan affiliation the following party abbreviations are used: DEM=Democratic REP=Republican CON=Conservative LIB=Liberal RTL=Right to Life IND=Independent D-L=Democratic and Liberal R-C=Republican and Conservative DRL=Democratic and Republican and Liberal MEANING OF FIELDS COL 1 : TYPE OF RECORD (1=HOUSE/2=SENATE/3=GOVERNOR) COL 2 : SEQUENTIAL CO NUMBER WITHIN CLUSTER COL 3-4 : ICPSR STATE COOK COL 6-7 : STATE ALPHABETIC ABBREVIATION COL 9-10: ACTUAL CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT NUMBER COL 12: CANDIDATE GENDER (1=MALE/2=FEMALE) COL 15-16: FUNCTIONAL CANDIDATE CODE COL 19-54: CANDIDATE NAME COL 55-57: PARTY OF CANDIDATE COL.65-80: STATE NAME (ALPHA) 086 3 41 AL 00 1 51 George C Wallace DEM Alabama 3 41 AL 00 1 52 Emory Folmar REP Alabama 1141 AL 03 1 33 Bill Nichols DEM Alabama 074 3 61 AZ 00 1 53 Bruce Babbitt DEM Arizona 3 61 AZ 00 1 56 Leo Corbet REP Arizona 2 61 AZ 00 1 13 Dennis DeConcklin DEM Arizona 2 61 AZ 00 1 16 Pete Dunn REP Arizona 1161 AZ 01 1 31 William E Hegarty DEM Arizona 1161 AZ 01 1 32 John McCain REP Arizona 1261 AZ 02 1 33 Morris K Udall DEM Arizona 1261 A2 02 1 36 Roy B Laos REP Arizona 1361 AZ 04 1 34 Eldon Rudd REP Arizona 1361 AZ 04 1 35 Wayne O Earley DEM Arizona 082 3 42 AR 00 1 54 Frank D White REP Arkansas 3 42 AR 00 1 55 Bill Clinton DEM Arkansas 1142 AR 02 1 34 Ed Bethune REP Arkansas 1142 AR 02 1 35 Charles L George DEM Arkansas 069 3 71 CA 00 1 51 Tom Bradley DEM California 3 71 CA 00 1 52 George Deukmenian REP California 2 71 CA 00 1 11 Edmund G "derry" Brown Dr. DEM California 2 71 CA 00 1 12 Pete Wilson REP California 1171 CA 21 2 34 Bobbi Fiedler REP California 1171 CA 21 1 35 George Henry Margolis DEM California 1271 CA 22 1 34 Carlos d Moorhead REP California 1271 CA 22 1 35 Harvey L Goldhammer DEM California 1371 CA 26 1 31 Howard L Berman DEM California 1371 CA 26 1 32 Hal Phillips REP California 067 1171 CA 27 1 31 Mel Levine DEM California 1171 CA 27 1 32 Bart W Christensen REP California 1271 CA 31 1 33 Mervyn M O'Mally DEM California 1271 CA 31 1 36 Henry C Minturn REP California 1371 CA 42 1 34 Dan Lungren REP California 1371 CA 42 1 35 James P Spellman DEM California 066 1171 CA 23 1 33 Anthony C Be1lenson DEM California 1171 CA 23 1 36 David Armor REP California 1271 CA 24 1 33 Henry A Waxman DEM California 1271 CA 24 1 36 Derry Zerg REP California 1371 CA 26 1 31 Howard L Berman DEM California 1371 CA 26 1 32 Hal Phillips REP California 068 1171 CA 27 1 31 Mel Levine DEM California 1171 CA 27 1 32 Bart W Chr1stensen REP California 1271 CA 31 1 33 Mervyn M O'Mally DEM California 1271 CA 31 1 36 Henry C Minturn REP California 1371 CA 42 1 34 Dan Lungren REP California 1371 CA 42 1 35 James P Spellman DEM California 065 1171 CA 10 1 33 Don Edwards DEM California 1171 CA 10 1 36 Bob Herriott REP California 1271 CA 12 1 31 Emmett Lynch DEM California 1271 CA 12 1 32 Ed Zechau REP California 1371 CA 13 1 33 Norman Y Mineta DEM California 1371 CA 13 1 36 Tom Kelly REP California 064 1171 CA 09 1 33 Fortney H "Pete" Stark DEM California 1171 CA 09 1 36 Bill ~ Kennedy REP California 1271 CA 10 1 33 Don Edwards DEM California 1271 CA 10 1 36 Bob Herrlott REP California 070 1171 CA 45 1 34 Duncan L Hunter REP California 1171 CA 45 1 35 Richard Hill DEM California 072 1171 CA 41 1 34 Bill Lowery REP California 1171 CA 41 1 35 Tony Brandenburg DEM California 1271 CA 44 1 31 Jim Bates DEM California 1271 CA 44 2 32 Shirley M Glessendanner REP California 1371 CA 45 1 34 Duncan L Hunter REP California 1371 CA 45 1 35 Richard Hill DEM California 071 1171 CA 41 1 34 Bill Lowery REP California 1171 CA 41 1 35 Tony Brandenburg DEM California 1271 CA 44 1 31 Jim Bates DEM California 1271 CA 44 2 32 Shirley M Glessendanner REP California 1371 CA 45 1 34 Duncan L Hunter REP California 1371 CA 45 1 35 Richard Hill DEM California 073 1171 CA 35 1 34 Jerry Lewis REP California 1171 CA 35 1 35 Robert E Erwin DEM California 1271 CA 36 1 33 George E Brown dr DEM California 1271 CA 36 1 36 John Paul Stark REP California 1371 CA 37 1 31 Curtis P "Sam. Cross DEM California 1371 CA 37 1 32 Al McCandless REP California 063 1171 CA 03 1 33 Robert T Matsui DEM California 1271 CA 04 1 33 Vic Fazio DEM California 1271 CA 04 1 36 Roger B Canfield REP California 110 3 43 FL 00 1 53 Robert Graham DEM Florida 3 43 FL 00 1 56 L A "Skip" Bafalis REP Florida 2 43 FL 00 1 13 Lawton Chiles DEM Florida 2 43 FL 00 1 16 Van B Poole REP Florida 1143 FL 12 1 31 Brad Culverhouse DEM Florida 1143 FL 12 1 32 Tom Lewis REP Florida 108 1143 FL 15 1 34 E Clay Shaw Or REP Florida 1143 FL 15 1 35 Edward U Stack DEM Florida 1243 FL 16 1 31 Larry Smith DEM Florida 1243 FL 16 1 32 Maurice Berkowitz REP Florida 107 1143 FL 16 1 31 Larry Smith DEM Florida 1143 FL 16 1 32 Maurice Berkowitz REP Florida 1243 FL 17 1 33 William Lehman DEM Florida 1343 FL 18 1 33 Claude Pepper DEM Florida 1343 FL 18 1 36 Ricardo Nunez REP Florida 111 1143 FL 05 1 34 Bill McCollum REP Florida 1143 FL 05 1 35 Dlak Batchelor DEM Florida 109 1143 FL 16 1 31 Larry Smith DEM Florida 1143 FL 16 1 32 Maurice Berkowitz REP Florida 1243 FL 17 1 33 William Lehman DEM Florida 106 1143 FL 10 1 33 Andy Ireland DEM Florida 103 1143 FL 01 1 33 Earl Hutto DEM Florida 1143 FL 01 1 36 J Terryl Bechtol REP Florida 104 1143 FL 04 1 33 Bill Chappell DEM Florida 1143 FL 04 1 36 Larry Gaudet REP Florida 105 1143 FL 01 1 33 Earl Hutto DEM Florida 1143 FL 01 1 36 U Terryl Bechtol REP Florida 088 3 44 GA 00 1 51 Joe Frank Harnis DEM Georgia 3 44 GA 00 1 52 Bob Bell REP Georgia 1144 GA 09 1 33 Ed Jenkins DEM Georgia 1144 GA 09 1 36 Charles Sherwood REP Georgia 087 1144 GA 04 1 33 Elliott H Levitas DEM Georgia 1144 GA 04 1 36 Dick Winder REP Georgia 1244 GA 05 1 33 Wyche Fowler dr DEM Georgia 1244 GA 05 1 36 Paul Jones REP Georgia 1244 GA 05 1 39 d. D. "Billy~ McKinney IND Georgia 1344 GA 06 1 34 Newt Gingrich REP Georgia 1344 GA 06 1 35 Jim Wood DEM Georgia 041 3 21 IL 00 1 54 James R Thompson REP Illinois 3 21 IL 00 1 55 Adlai E Stevenson III DEM Illinois 1121 IL 15 1 34 Edward R Madigan REP Illinois 1121 IL 15 1 35 Tim L Hall DEM Illinois 1221 IL 19 1 54 Daniel B Crane REP Illinois 1221 IL 19 1 35 John Gwinn DEM Illinois 042 1121 IL 18 1 34 Robert H Michel REP Illinois 1121 IL 18 1 35 G Douglas Stephens DEM Illinois 1221 IL 20 1 34 Paul Findley REP Illinois 1221 IL 20 1 35 Richard 0 Durbin DEM Illinois 043 1121 IL 17 1 31 Lane Evans DEM Illinois 1121 IL 17 1 32 Kenneth G McMillan REP Illinois 1221 IL 18 1 34 Robert H Michel REP Illinois 1221 IL 18 1 35 G Douglas Stephens DEM Illinois 046 1121 IL 09 1 33 Sidney R Yates DEM Illinois 1121 IL 09 2 36 Catherine Bertini REP Illinois 1221 IL 10 1 34 John Edward Porter REP Illinois 1221 IL 10 2 35 Eugenia S Chapman DEM Illinois 044 1121 IL 07 1 33 Cardiss Collins DEM Illinois 1121 IL 07 1 36 Daneby Cheeks REP Illinois 1221 IL 08 1 33 Dan Rostenkowski DEM Illinois 1221 IL 08 2 36 Bonnie Hickey REP Illinois 1321 IL 11 1 33 Frank Annunzio DEM Illinois 1321 IL 11 1 36 dames F Moynihan REP Illinois 045 1121 IL 06 1 34 Henry Hyde REP Illinois 1121 IL 06 1 35 Leroy E Kennel DEM Illinois 1221 IL 13 1 34 John N Erlenborn REP Illinois 1221 IL 13 1 35 Robert Billy DEM Illinois 1321 IL 14 1 34 Tom Corcoran REP Illinois 1321 IL 14 1 35 Dan McGrath DEM Illinois 040 1121 IL 19 1 34 Daniel B Crane REP Illinois 1121 IL 19 1 35 John Gwinn DEM Illinois 039 2 22 IN 00 1 14 Richard G Logan REP Indiana 2 22 IN 00 1 15 Floyd Fithlan DEM Indiana 1122 IN 01 2 31 Katie Hall DEM Indiana 1122 IN 01 1 32 Thomas H Krieger REP Indiana 052 3 31 IA 00 2 51 Roxanne Conlin DEM Iowa 3 31 IA 00 1 52 Terry Branstad REP Iowa 1131 IA 02 1 34 Tom Tauke REP Iowa 1131 IA 02 1 35 Brent Appel DEM Iowa 053 1131 IA 05 1 33 Tom Harkin DEM Iowa 1131 IA 05 1 36 Arlyn E Danker REP Iowa 083 1145 LA 04 1 33 Buddy Roomer DEM Louisiana 1245 LA 07 1 33 John B Breaux DEM Louisiana 098 3 52 MD 00 1 53 Harry R Hughes DEM Maryland 3 52 MD 00 1 56 Robert A Pascal REP Maryland 2 52 MD 00 1 13 Paul Sarbanes DEM Maryland 2 52 MD 00 1 16 Lawrence U Hogan REP Maryland 1152 MD 02 1 33 Clarence D Long DEM Maryland 1152 MD 02 2 36 Helen Delict Bentley REP Maryland 1252 MD 03 2 33 Barbara A Mikulski DEM Maryland 1252 MD 03 1 36 H Robert Scherr REP Maryland 1352 MD 07 1 33 Parren Mitchell DEM Maryland 1352 MD 07 2 36 M Leonora Jones REP Maryland 004 3 03 MA 00 1 51 Michael S Dukakis DEM Massachusetts 3 03 MA 00 1 52 John W Sears REP Massachusetts 2 03 MA 00 1 13 Edward M Ted Kennedy DEM Massachusetts 2 03 MA 00 1 16 Raymond Shamie REP Massachusetts 1103 MA 03 1 33 Joseph D Early DEM Massachusetts 1203 MA 05 1 33 James M Shannon DEM Massachusetts 006 1103 MA 05 1 33 James M Shannon DEM Massachusetts 1203 MA 07 1 33 Edward ~ Markey DEM Massachusetts 1203 MA 07 1 36 David M Basile REP Massachusetts 005 1103 MA 04 1 33 Barney Frank DEM Massachusetts 1103 MA 04 2 34 Margaret U Heckler REP Massachusetts 003 1103 MA 02 1 33 Edward P Boland DEM Massachusetts 1103 MA 02 1 36 Thomas P Swank REP Massachusetts 1203 MA 03 1 33 Joseph D Early DEM Massachusetts 007 1103 MA 04 1 33 Barney Frank DEM Massachusetts 1103 MA 04 2 34 Margaret M Heckler REP Massachusetts 1203 MA 10 1 33 Gerry E Studds DEM Massachusetts 1203 MA 10 1 36 John E Conway REP Massachusetts 050 3 33 MN 00 1 51 Rudy PERPICH DEM Minnesota 3 33 MN 00 1 52 Wheelock Whitney REP Minnesota 2 33 MN 00 1 14 David Durenberger REP Minnesota 2 33 MN 00 1 15 Mark Dayton DEM Minnesota 1133 MN 01 1 34 Tom Hagedorn REP Minnesota 1133 MN 01 1 35 Timothy J Penny DEM Minnesota 051 1133 MN 01 1 34 Tom Hagedorn REP Minnesota 1133 MN 01 1 35 Timothy Penny DEM Minnesota 1233 MN 03 1 34 Bill Frenzel REP Minnesota 1233 MN 03 1 35 Joel Sallterman DEM Minnesota 049 1133 MN 04 1 33 Bruce F Vento DEM Minnesota 1133 MN 04 1 36 Bill dames REP Mlnnesota 1233 MN 06 1 34 Arlen Erdahl REP Mlnnesota 1233 MN 06 1 35 Gerry Sikorski DEM Minnesota 085 2 46 MS 00 1 13 John C Stennis DEM Mississippi 2 46 MS 00 1 16 Haley Barbour REP Mississippi 1146 MS 01 1 33 Jamie L Whitten DEM Mississippi 1146 MS 01 2 36 Fran Fawcett REP Mississippi 084 1146 MS 03 1 33 G V "Sonny" Montgomery DEM Mississippi 055 2 34 MO 00 1 14 John C Danforth REP Missouri 2 34 MO 00 2 15 Harriet Woods DEM Missouri 1134 MO 09 1 33 Harold L Volkmer DEM Missouri 1134 MO 09 1 36 Larry E Mead REP Missouri 056 1134 MO 01 1 33 William Clay DEM Missouri 1134 MO 01 1 36 William E White REP Missouri 1234 MO 02 1 33 Robert A Young DEM Missouri 1234 MO 02 1 36 Harold L Dielmann REP Missouri 1334 MO 03 1 33 Richard A Gephardt DEM Missouri 1334 MO 03 1 36 Richard Foristel REP Missouri 054 1134 MO 06 1 34 E Thomas Coleman REP Missouri 1134 MO 06 1 35 Jim Russel1 DEM M1ssour1 058 3 35 NE 00 1 54 Charles Thone REP Nebraska 3 35 NE 00 1 55 Bob Kerrey DEM Nebraska 2 35 NE 00 1 13 Edward Zorlnsky DEM Nebraska 2 35 NE 00 1 16 William Keck REP Nebraska 1135 NE 03 2 34 Virginia Smith REP Nebraska 057 1135 NE 02 1 34 Hal Daub REP Nebraska 1135 NE 02 1 35 Richard M Fellman DEM Nebraska 001 3 04 NH 00 1 53 Hugh Gallen DEM New Hampsh1re 3 04 NH 00 1 56 John H Sununu REP New Hampsh1re 1104 NH 02 1 34 Judd Gregg REP New Hampshire 1104 NH 02 1 35 Robert L Dupay DEM New Hampshire 020 2 12 NJ 00 1 11 Frank R Lautenberg DEM New Jersey 2 12 NJ 00 2 12 Millicent Fenwick REP New Jersey 1112 NJ 07 1 34 Matthew ~ Rinaldo REP New Jersey 1112 NJ 07 1 35 Adam K Levin DEM New Jersey 1212 NJ 12 1 34 Jm Courter REP New Jersey 1212 NJ 12 1 35 Jeff Connor DEM New Jersey 021 1112 NO 01 1 33 James J Florio DEM New Jersey 1112 NJ 01 1 36 John A Dramesi REP New Jersey 1212 NJ 04 1 34 Christopher H Smith REP New Jersey 1212 NJ 04 1 35 Joseph P Merlino DEM New Jersey 1312 NJ 13 1 34 Edwin B Forsythe REP New Jersey 1312 NJ 13 1 35 George Callas DEM New Jersey 075. 3 66 NM 00 1 51 Toney Anaya DEM New Mexico 3 66 NM 00 1 52 John B Irick REP New Mexico 2 66 NM 00 1 14 Harrison "Jack" Schmitt REP New Mexico 2 66 NM 00 1 15 Jeff Bingaman DEM New Mexico 1166 NM 01 1 34 Manuel LuJan Jr REP New Mexico 1166 NM 01 1 35 Jan Alan Hartke DEM New Mexico 1266 NM 02 1 34 Joe Skeen REP New Mexico 1266 NM 02 1 35 Caleb Chandler DEM New Mexico 012 3 13 NY 00 1 51 Mario M Cuomo D-L New York 3 13 NY 00 1 52 Lew Lehrman R-C New York 2 13 NY 00 1 13 Daniel Patrick Moynihan D-L New York 2 13 NY 00 2 16 Florence Sullivan R-C New York 1113 NY 07 1 33 Benjamin S Rosenthal D-L New York 1113 NY 07 1 36 Albert Lemishow R-C New York 1213 NY 08 1 33 James H Schemer D-L New York 1213 NY 08 1 36 John T Blame R-C New York 014 1113 NY 10 1 33 Charles E Schemer D-L New York 1113 NY 10 1 36 Stephen Marks R-C New York 1113 NY 10 2 39 Alice J Bertolotti RTL New York 1213 NY 11 1 31 Edolphus Towns DEM New York 1213 NY 11 1 32 James W Smith REP New York 1213 NY 11 1 37 Patrick W Giagnacova LIB New York 1313 NY 12 1 31 Major R Owens D-L New York 1313 NY 12 1 32 David Katan So REP New York 1313 NY 12 1 37 David E Rosenstroch CON New York 011 1113 NY 18 1 33 Robert Garcia DRL New York 1113 NY 18 1 37 Mario Pichler CON New York 013 1113 NY 07 1 33 Benjamin S Rosenthal D-L New York 1113 NY 07 1 36 Albert Lemishow R-C New York 1213 NY 08 1 33 James H Schemer D-L New York 1213 NY 08 1 36 John T Blame R-C New York 009 1113 NY 03 1 34 John LeBoutillier R-C New York 1113 NY 03 1 35 Robert J Mrazek DEM New York 1113 NY 03 1 37 Edward Birnbaum LIB New York 1213 NY 04 1 34 Norman F Lent R-C New York 1213 NY 04 1 35 Robert P Zimmerman D-L New York 1213 NY 04 1 39 John J Dunkle RTL New York 1313 NY 05 1 34 Raymond J McGrath R-C New York 1313 NY 05 1 35 Arnold J Miller D-L New York 1213 NY 05 1 39 Thomas J Boyle RTL New York 010 1113 NY 04 1 34 Norman F Lent R-C New York 1113 NY 04 1 35 Robert T Zimmerman DEM New York 1113 NY 04 1 39 John J Dunkle RTL New York 1213 NY 05 1 34 Raymond J McGrath R-C New York 1213 NY 05 1 35 Arnold J Miller D-L New York 1213 NY 05 1 39 Thomas J Boyle RTL New York 016 1113 NY 26 1 34 David O'B. Martin R-C New York 1113 NY 26 1 35 David P Landy DEM New York 019 1113 NY 25 2 31 Anita Maxwell DEM New York 1113 NY 25 1 32 Sherwood L Boehlert REP New York 1113 NY 25 1 39 Donald J Thomas RTL New York 1213 NY 28 1 33 Matthew F McHugh D-L New York 1213 NY 28 1 36 David F Crowley R-C New York 1213 NY 28 1 39 Mark Masterson RTL New York 017 1113 NY 34 1 33 Stanley N Lundine DEM New York 1113 NY 34 1 36 James J Snyder R-C New York 1113 NY 34 2 39 Genevieve F Ronan RTL New York 018 1113 NY 31 1 34 Jack F Kemp R-C New York 1113 NY 31 1 35 James A Martin D-L New York 1213 NY 32 1 33 John J LaFalce D-L New York 1213 NY 32 1 36 Raymond R Walker R-C New York 1213 NY 32 1 39 Timothy J Hubbard RTL New York 1313 NY 33 1 33 Henry J Nowak D-L New York 1313 NY 33 1 36 Walter J Pillich R-C New York 1313 NY 33 1 39 James Gallagher RTL New York 015 1113 NY 21 1 34 Hamilton Fish Jr R-C New York 1113 NY 21 1 35 J Morgan Strong DEM New York 1213 NY 24 1 34 Gerald B Solomon R-C New York 1213 NY 24 1 35 Roy Esiason D-L New York 091 1147 NC 09 1 34 James G Martin REP North Carolina 1147 NC 09 1 35 Preston Cornelius DEM North Carolina 090 1147 NC 10 1 34 James T Broyhill REP North Carolina 034 3 24 OH 00 1 51 Richard F Celeste DEM Ohio 3 24 OH 00 1 52 Clarence J Brown REP Ohio 2 24 OH 00 1 13 Howard M Metzenbaum DEM Ohio 2 24 OH 00 1 16 Paul E Pfelfer REP Ohio 1124 OH 16 1 34 Ralph Regula REP Ohio 1124 OH 16 1 35 Jeffrey R Orenstein OEM Ohio 033 1124 OH 14 1 33 John F Seiberling DEM Ohio 1124 OH 14 1 36 Louis A Mangels REP Ohio 035 1124 OH 13 1 33 Don J Pease DEM Ohio 1124 OH 13 1 36 Timothy Paul Martin REP Ohio 1224 OH 14 1 33 John F Selberling DEM Ohio 1224 OH 14 1 36 Louls A Mangels REP Ohio 038 1124 OH 01 1 33 Thomas A Luken DEM Ohio 1124 OH 01 1 36 John ~Jake~ Held REP Ohio 1224 OH 02 1 34 Bill Gradison REP Ohio 1224 OH 02 1 35 L Arthur Safer DEM Ohio 037 1124 OH 02 1 34 Bill Gradison REP Ohio 1124 OH 02 1 35 L Arthur Safer DEM Ohio 1224 OH 06 1 34 Bob McEwen REP Ohio 1224 OH 06 1 35 Lynn Alan Grimshaw DEM Ohio 036 1124 OH 12 1 33 Bob Shamansky DEM Ohio 1124 OH 12 1 36 John R Kasich REP Ohio 1224 OH 15 1 34 Chalmers P Wylle REP Ohio 1224 OH 15 1 35 Greg Kostelac DEM Ohio 081 3 53 OK 00 l 53 George Nigh DEM Oklahoma 3 53 OK 00 1 56 Tom Daxon REP Oklahoma 1153 OK 03 1 33 Wes Watkins DEM Oklahoma 1153 OK 03 1 36 Patrick K. Miller REP Oklahoma 062 3 72 OR 00 1 54 Victor L Atlyeh REP Oregon 3 72 OR 00 1 55 Ted Kulongoski DEM Oregon 1172 OR 02 2 31 Larryann Willis DEM Oregon 1172 OR 02 1 32 Bob Smith REP Oregon 1272 OR 04 1 33 James Weaver DEM Oregon 1272 DR 04 1 36 Ross Anthony REP Oregon 025 3 14 PA 00 1 54 Richard L Thornburgh REP Pennsylvania 3 14 PA 00 1 55 Allen E Ertel DEM Pennsylvania 2 14 PA 00 1 14 John Heinz REP Pennsylvania 2 14 PA 00 1 15 Cyril H Wecht DEM Pennsylvania 1114 PA 01 1 33 Thomas M Foglletta DEM Pennsylvania 1114 PA 01 1 36 Michael Marino REP Pennsylvania 1214 PA 02 1 33 William H Gray III DEM Pennsylvania 1214 PA 02 1 39 Milton Street IND Pennsylvania 1314 PA 13 1 34 Lawrence Coughlin REP Pennsylvania 1314 PA 13 1 35 Martin Cunningham Sr DEM Pennsylvania 022 1114 PA OS 1 34 Richard T Schulze REP Pennsylvania 1114 PA OS 1 35 Bob Berger DEM Pennsylvania 1214 PA 13 1 34 Lawrence Coughlln REP Pennsylvania 1214 PA 13 1 35 Martin d Cunningham dr DEM Pennsylvania 026 1114 PA 01 1 33 Thomas M Foglietta DEM Pennsylvania 1114 PA 01 1 36 Michael Marino REP Pennsylvania 1214 PA 02 1 33 William H Gray III DEM Pennsylvania 1214 PA 02 1 39 Milton Street IND Pennsylvania 1314 PA 03 1 34 Charles F Dougherty REP Pennsylvania 1314 PA 03 1 35 Robert A Borski DEM Pennsylvania 023 1114 PA 08 1 34 Jm Coyne REP Pennsylvania 1114 PA 08 1 35 Peter H Kostmayer DEM Pennsylvania 024 1114 PA 08 1 34 Jm Coyne REP Pennsylvania 1114 PA 08 1 35 Peter H Kostmayer DEM Pennsylvania 032 1114 PA 04 1 34 Eugene V Atkinson REP Pennsylvania 1114 PA 04 1 35 Joseph P Kolter DEM Pennsylvania 1214 PA 12 1 33 John P Murtha DEM Pennsylvania 1214 PA 12 1 36 William N Tuscano REP Pennsylvania 1314 PA 20 1 33 Joseph M Gaydos DEM Pennsylvania 1314 PA 20 1 36 Terry T Ray REP Pennsylvania 028 1114 PA 10 1 34 Joseph M McDade REP Pennsylvania 1114 PA 10 1 35 Robert J Rafalko DEM Pennsylvania 029 1114 PA 17 1 31 Larry J Hochendoner DEM Pennsylvania 1114 PA 17 1 32 George W Gekas REP Pennsylvania 027 1114 PA 11 1 34 dames L Nelligan REP Pennsylvania 1114 PA 11 1 35 Frank Harrison DEM Pennsylvania 030 1114 PA 09 1 34 Bud Shuster REP Pennsylvania 1114 PA 09 1 35 Eugene d Duncan DEM Pennsylvania 031 1114 PA 21 1 31 Anthony Andrezeski DEM Pennsylvania 1114 PA 21 1 32 Thomas Ridge REP Pennsylvania 008 3 05 RI 00 1 53 Joseph Garraby DEM Rhode Island 3 05 RI 00 1 56 Vincent Marzullo REP Rhode Island 2 05 RI 00 1 14 John N Chafee REP Rhode Island 2 05 RI 00 1 15 Julius C Michaelson DEM Rhode Island 1105 RI 01 1 33 Fernand d St Germain DEM Rhode Island 1105 RI 01 1 36 Burton Stallwood REP Rhode Island 1205 RI 02 2 34 Claudine Schnelder REP Rhode Island 1205 RI 02 1 35 James V Aukerman DEM Rhode Island 089 3 48 SC 00 1 53 Richard Riley DEM South Carolina 3 48 SC 00 1 56 William D Workman drREP South Carolina 1148 SC 03 1 33 Butler Derrick DEM South Carolina 095 3 54 TN 00 1 54 Lamar Alexander REP Tennessee 3 54 TN 00 1 55 Randy Tyree DEM Tennessee 2 54 TN 00 1 13 Jim Sasser DEM Tennessee 2 54 TN 00 1 16 Robin L Beard REP Tennessee 1154 TN 04 1 31 Jim Cooper DEM Tennessee 1154 TN 04 2 32 Cissy Baker REP Tennessee 096 1154 TN 03 2 33 Marilyn Lloyd Bouquard DEM Tennessee 1154 TN 03 1 36 Glen Byers REP Tennessee 094 1154 TN 04 1 31 Jim Cooper DEM Tennessee 1154 TN 04 2 32 Cissy Baker REP Tennessee 1254 TN 06 1 33 Albert Gore Jr DEM Tennessee 092 1154 TN 01 1 34 James H Quillen REP Tennessee 1154 TN 01 1 35 Jessie Cable DEM Tennessee 1254 TN 02 1 34 John J Duncan REP Tennessee 093 1154 TN 01 1 34 James H Quillen REP Tennessee 1154 TN 01 1 35 Jessie J Cable DEM Tennessee 080 3 49 TX 00 1 54 William P Clements Jr REP Texas 3 49 TX 00 1 55 Mark White DEM Texas 2 49 TX 00 1 13 Lloyd Bentsen DEM Texas 2 49 TX 00 1 16 James M Collins REP Texas 1149 TX 26 1 31 Tom Vandergriff DEM Texas 1149 TX 26 1 32 Jim Bradshaw REP Texas 077 1149 TX 20 1 33 Henry B Gonzalez DEM Texas 1249 TX 23 1 33 Abraham Kazen Jr DEM Texas 1249 TX 23 1 36 Jeff Wentworth REP Texas 078 1149 TX 10 1 33 J J Pickle DEM Texas 1249 TX 11 1 33 Marvin Leath DEM Texas 1349 TX 14 1 33 Bill Patman DEM Texas 1349 TX 14 1 36 Joe Wyatt Jr REP Texas 079 1149 TX 02 1 33 Charles Wilson DEM Texas 076 1149 TX 21 1 34 Tom Loeffler REP Texas 1149 TX 21 1 35 Charles S Stough DEM Texas 002 3 06 VT 00 1 54 Richard A Shelling REP Vermont 3 06 VT 00 2 55 Madeleine M Kunin DEM Vermont 2 06 VT 00 1 14 Robert T Stafford REP Vermont 2 06 VT 00 1 15 James A Guest DEM Vermont 1106 VT 98 1 34 James M Jeffords REP Vermont 1106 VT 98 1 35 Mark A Kaplan DEM Vermont 102 2 40 VA 00 1 11 Richard J Davis DEM Virginia 2 40 VA 00 1 12 Paul S Trible Jr REP Virginia 1140 VA 09 1 34 William C Sampler REP Virginia 1140 VA 09 1 35 Frederick Boucher DEM Virginia 101 1140 VA 07 1 34 J Kenneth Robinson REP Virginia 1140 VA 07 1 35 Lindsay G Dorrier Jr DEM Virginia 1240 VA 08 1 34 Stan Parris REP Virginia 1240 VA 08 1 35 Herbert E Harris II DEM Virginia 1340 VA 10 1 34 Frank R Wolf REP Virginia 1340 VA 10 1 35 Ira M Lechner DEM Virginia 059 2 73 WA 00 1 13 Henry M "Scoop" JacksonDEM Washington 2 73 WA 00 1 16 Doug Jewett REP Washington 1173 WA 01 1 34 Joel Pritchard REP Washington 1173 WA 01 1 35 Brian Long DEM Washington 1273 WA 07 1 33 Mike Lowry DEM Washington 1273 WA 07 1 36 Bob Dorse REP Washington 1373 WA 08 2 31 Beth Bland DEM Washington 1373 WA 08 1 32 Rodney Chandler REP Washington 061 1173 WA 03 1 33 Don Booker DEM Washington 1173 WA 03 1 36 J T Oulgg REP Washington 060 1173 WA 01 1 34 Joel Pritchard REP Washington 1173 WA 01 1 35 Brian Long DEM Washington 097 2 56 WV 00 1 13 Robert C Byrd DEM West Virginia 2 56 WV 00 1 16 Cleve Benedict REP West Virginia 1156 WV 01 1 31 Alan B. Mollohan DEM West Virginia 1156 WV 01 1 32 John F. Mc Cuskey REP West Virginia 048 3 25 WI 00 1 51 Anthony S Earl DEM Wisconsin 3 25 WI 00 1 52 Terry Kohler REP Wisconsin 2 25 WI 00 1 13 William Proxmire DEM Wisconsin 2 25 WI 00 1 16 Scott McCallum REP Wisconsin 1125 WI 04 1 33 Clement J Zablocki DEM Wisconsin 1225 WI 05 1 31 dim Moody DEM Wisconsin 1225 WI 05 1 32 Rod K Johnston REP Wisconsin 047 1125 WI 06 1 34 Thomas E Petri REP Wisconsin 1125 WI 06 1 35 Gordon E Loehr DEM Wisconsin >> ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO SURVEY DATA COLLECTION FOR THE NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES: A Report on The 1982 NES Method Comparison Project by J. Merrill Shanks Maria Sanchez, and Betsy Morton Submitted to Warren E. Miller, Principal Investigator and The NES Board of Overseers INITIAL VERSION March 15, 1983 OUTLINE INTRODUCTION: THE NES RATIONALE FOR CATI AND METHOD COMPARISON Potential Advantages of Telephone Surveys for Electoral Research Method Comparison and CATI Evaluation Issues - Differences in sample or measurement quality Instrument complexity and new measurement formats Comparability with NES time series - Sample size, interview length, and data collection costs DESIGN AND GOALS FOR THE 1982 METHOD COMPARISON PROJECT Immediate Analytic Objectives -- Univariate differences between methods -- Differences in coverage, completion, and measurement -- Differences in relationships between variables -- Identifying congressional districts -- "House effects": Differences between CATI operations Testing for differences: A Note on Statistical Procedure A SUMMARY OF INITIAL RESULTS Sample outcomes and response rates for the three projects Modest (but significant) differences in social characteristics Consistent differences in opinionation or involvement Modest (but inconsistent) differences in political attitudes Measurement differences and relationships between variables Alternative ways to identify congressional districts GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS General similarity or comparability between the two methods The importance of maintaining personal and telephone methods The need for continuing analysis and experimentation on cost quality tradeoffs for alternative data collection procedures Organizational issues: Staffing implications of growing technical complexity; and alternatives for large sample designs INTRODUCTION Since the discussions which led eventually to the initial proposal for the National Election Studies, no single subject has taken more time within the NES community than the appropriateness of alternative survey designs based on telephone methods -- and the potential advantages and/or disadvantages associated with the newer systems for computer-assisted telephone interviewing (or CATI). This general interest first came sharply into focus in 1978-79, during the Board's deliberations concerning the most efficient way to study the primary election period before the 1980 presidential nominating conventions. The Board's 1980 Committee ultimately chose to recommend against using telephone-based methods for any of the major design elements for that election, because of uncertainty in the areas to be discussed below. But many of the same issues also arose in the Board's discussions of alternative approaches to research on congressional elections, based on analytic limitations imposed by the sample design used in NES' otherwise successful study of the 1978 election. Issues concerning the design and/or data quality tradeoffs associated with telephone vs. conventional survey methods -- and the new (but still uncertain) potential of computer-assisted systems for data collection -- have therefore been central to Board deliberations throughout NES' short history as a national research facility. In 1982, these issues culminated in a Board decision to sponsor a direct comparison between the two methods in conjunction with the regular 1982 study. Although the initial results of that study were not available until mid-February of 1983, they have already influenced many of the Board's decisions concerning NES data collection plans for 1984. Analyses of the complex set of method comparisons made possible by the 1982 project will no doubt continue for some time, both within the Board and staff and in the larger NES research community, and the results of those analyses will structure Board deliberations concerning alternative designs throughout the next grant period. The purpose of this report is to review the background and or rationale for the 1982 Method Comparison Project, and to summarize those initial results from the Project which bear directly on the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of the new survey techniques. We also hope to encourage other researchers to exploit the (unique) methodological data produced by the project, for this report represents only the first step in what should become a continuing program of research and development on telephone- and CATI-based techniques. As we will argue, much remains to be done before NES can take full advantage of the new survey techniques involved. Potential Advantages In its 1983 proposal to the National Science Foundation, the NES Board has identified those substantive areas where NES surveys are likely to depart from prior studies, based on recommendations from active scholars who use NES materials on a continuing basis. In specifying the research objectives which the Board has given a high priority for the mid-1980's, the proposal also emphasizes the method- or design-related implications of several recommendations, for they would require an at least partial shift to telephone-based methods. In general, recommendations of this sort -- that NES utilize telephone surveys and/or computer-assisted systems -- cite one or more of the following potential advantages of the new techniques: 1. With telephone-based techniques, it may be possible to achieve a major reduction in cost per interview or a major increase in sample size, through some combination of lower interviewing costs on the telephone and greater production efficiency through the use of computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI); 2. CATI systems make it possible to use more complicated survey instruments or measurement procedures, based on computer-assisted branching, cycling, and automatic modification of question content; 3. CATI may minimize the amount of error involved in survey data through "online" verification and/or edit checking; 4. Both centralized telephone interviewing and CATI may make it easier to control (or schedule) the administration of NES instruments to independent national samples in relatively short periods of time, in order to provide a Time sensitive. design for assessing the impact of campaign-related and other political events; and 5. Both telephone methods and CATI should facilitate the administration of NES instruments to specific sub-national constituencies (such as deliberately selected states and/or congressional districts), for which the traditional NES national sampling frame and interviewing staff is impractical. As discussed more fully in the 1983 NES proposal, the above data collection objectives have played a central role in discussions about a wide variety of future NES research objectives. Prior to 1982, however, the Board and staff were reluctant to commit significant data collection resources to the new techniques involved because of general uncertainty about the consequences of such a decision, and because of specific concerns about the tradeoffs between cost, sample size, and data quality involved. Possible Problems or Methodological Issues In particular, Board discussions about telephone interviewing have for some time reflected the following concerns or reservations: 1. Telephone-based methods might lead to a loss in sample quality, based on a combination of non-coverage (of citizens living in households without telephones) and the potential for lower response rates in telephone surveys. 2. Host observers have shared a belief that the average length of telephone interviews cannot be extended to the 60 to 70 minutes required to cover the traditional NES content. 3. Many researchers have also been concerned about the absence of show cards and other visual displays in telephone interviews. NES instruments have made extensive use of such aids, so that telephone methods might lead to losses in comparability or data quality vis a vis the traditional (face-to-face) interviews. It was also recognized that in principle CATI systems might compensate for the loss of visual aids by reformulating questions into complex sequences which take advantage of automatic "branching", but no evidence existed concerning the effectiveness of such compensating capabilities for NES-type items. 4. Telephone surveys based on national samples produced by random digit dialing may not be feasible for research objectives which require that each interview be assigned to a particular congressional district before substantive questions begin. 5. The use of telephone-based surveys for studies which need probability sampling, high response rates, and long interviews is relatively new. As a result, information presented to the Board about the relative costs of telephone vs. traditional methods has been inconsistent at best. It has thus been impossible to assess the hard cost-related tradeoffs involved in any design changes for future studies. 6. This uncertainty about costs has been compounded with respect to computer-assisted telephone interviewing, for CATI systems themselves -- and detailed NES procedures for using CATI -- were still in an exploratory stage. Thus, even the cost-related results of demonstration CATI projects were difficult for NES to assess, because the operational procedures involved had not reached sufficient popularity to permit stable cost estimates for large scale NES utilization. During the early 1980's, however, experience with telephone interviewing and CATI systems within the academic, governmental and private sectors advanced to the point where the new techniques demanded serious consideration by NES. In particular, the Berkeley Program in Computer-Assisted Survey Methods had demonstrated in 1981 that the length of telephone interviews on political topics could be extended to 50-55 minutes, thereby overcoming what had been assumed to be a fundamental barrier to NES use of telephone surveys (See Shanks, et al, 1981). Nevertheless, it was still the case that the concerns about tradeoffs in cost and data quality for NES could not be effectively addressed by reviewing other CATI demonstration or method comparison projects. DESIGN AND GOALS FOR THE 1982 METHOD COMPARISON PROJECT For these reasons, the Board decided to commit all of its R&D resources for 1982 to a systematic comparison of the two methods. As originally proposed, the same NES interview schedule would be administered to two independent national random adult samples, one of which would use traditional household sampling and face-to-face personal interviewing, and the other would use an RDD sample of telephone households and computer-assisted telephone interviewing. As the project developed, it was further proposed that the CATI component for the study be equally (and randomly) divided between the two approaches to CATI system design and production data collection being developed at Michigan and Berkeley. Given probable budgetary constraints, the specific goals for these three independent data collection projects were set at 1500 traditional (or face-to-face) interviews, 500 interviews produced by ISR's CATI facility, and 500 interviews produced by CSli's CATI facility. With both approval and supplementary support from the Foundation, this specific design was carried out during the period following the 19&2 congressional elections. The next section of this report reviews the objectives and procedures used in our first analysis of the resulting data, and the following section highlights the analytic results which have already been presented to the NES Board. A concluding section then provides a brief summary of the lessons so far obtained from the Method Comparison and CATI demonstration aspects of the 1982 study. This discussion includes our own recommendations concerning the methodological and/or technical issues which need further attention before NES can regard the 1982 design as "established" or routine, and a short discussion of the organizational and staffing issues associated with large scale NES utilization of the new (computer-assisted) techniques. Immediate Analytic Objectives. Given the above set of general goals, answers to preceded questions from the 19&2 survey were processed during the few weeks between the completion of all interviewing activity and the Board's February meeting. As of this writing, coding and editing for open-ended questions and "other specify" were still underway, but method comparisons based on those materials will be incorporated in a subsequent version of this report. In the following pages, we have summarized our early conclusions from the 1982 Method Comparison Project in six broad categories, dealing with: 1. Univariate differences between the traditional and CATI samples, with respect to: -- social and demographic characteristics; -- the existence of political interest and opinion; and -- the direction of political opinions (when present); 2. Where possible, univariate differences between methods are discussed in terms of the contributions made by method differences in sample coverage, response rates, and measurement techniques; 3. Differences between the traditional and CATI samples in relationships between variables; 4. alternative approaches to congressional district classification; 5. "House" effects, based on differences between the Michigan and Berkeley portions of the CATI sample; and, 6. the impact of telephone methods and CATI on costs and study organization. Testing for Differences: A Note on Statistical Procedure. Previous studies provide some guidance concerning the probable direction and magnitude of any differences which might arise between telephone-based and traditional methods -- and the extent to which they may be attributed to differences in coverage, response rates, or measurement (Groves and Kahn, 1979, Freeman, et al, 1982). The NES Board and Staff, however, are primarily concerned with the combined effect of all three of these sources (or types) of "method effects". For this reason, and because the three types of effect cannot always be separated, our initial analyses have been structured in terms of an overall null hypothesis. Thus, we have repeatedly tested the proposition that our traditional and telephone methods produced two independent random samples from the same population, or that each difference between the two 1982 samples can be attributed solely to chance. As our first, and deliberately exploratory, analytic step, we therefore examined the relationships between type of data collection (personal vs. CATI) and substantive NES variables in each of the three areas mentioned above -- i.e. in social or demographic characteristics, in the degree to which respondents expressed political opinions or interest, and in the direction of political attitudes. For each such relationship (between method and substance), we then calculated the apparent probability that a relationship (or a departure from complete independence) that large could have arisen by chance. Since this part of the analysis has necessarily examined a very large number of potential differences between the two methods, our search for differences was carried out on only a random half of the interviews from both samples. In those cases where this exploratory procedure yielded evidence of a difference which is "significant" at the .05 level, the same calculations are then replicated on the second random half of our sample. For those variables where a significant difference persists, we then discuss the degree to which those differences may be due to the three types or sources of method differences -- i.e. to coverage (of non-telephone households), differential completion rates, or differences by mode in the measurement of identical concepts. In some sections, we have re-examined the same relationships after restricting the analysis to those respondents who voted in 1982. Many NES analyses are necessarily limited to the active (instead of the potential) electorate, so it is essential to see if overall method differences persistwhen the sample is restricted in that fashion. The above split-sample procedure was also used to test for differences between he two CATI-based survey organizations that collected the data. But "methods differences were much more numerous (and significant) than ~house" differences in the 1982 project. A SUMMARY OF INITIAL RESULTS All three data collection projects achieved their objectives in terms of completed interviews, and the final response rates for the three projects were consistent with prior expectations. Thus, 1418 complete or partial interviews were conducted in respondents' houses, for a completion rate of 72%. The Berkeley CATI study yielded 501 complete or partial interviews, the Michigan CATI operation produced 500 complete or partial interviews, and both CATI samples represent a completion rate of 62%. Based on the information now available, all three projects adhered to their design specifications for households and respondent selection, so that the three data sets can be interpreted as independent samples from the same population -- i.e. of adult citizens living in households during the 1982 post-election period. Any differences between the three sampler that cannot be attributed to chance should therefore be attributed to one or more intentional differences in method or procedure, rather than defects in the execution of our basic design. Method-Related Differences in Social Characteristics. Out of 11 comparisons, five fixed personal characteristics or demographic variables yielded statistically significant differences between the traditional and CATI samples. These differences in respondent's education, income, race, religion, and region were of course initially detected in an exploratory analysis based on a random half of both samples, but Table A (on the following page) highlights those differences for the total 1982 sample, along with selected results for variables with no method-related differences. The relationship between data collection method and education is of course familiar from previous studies (Groves and Kahn, 1979, Freeman, ~t Al, 1982). As in other studies, some of this difference can be attributable to the small proportion (approximately 5%) of the population excluded from telephone surveys because they live in households without telephones. Thus, when this "coverage" effect is removed by restricting the traditional(or face-to-face) sample to those respondents who live in telephone households, the magnitude of the educational difference between the two samples is reduced-, but it is still clearly significant. In any production utilization of telephone-based methods, weight variables would presumably be used to correct for differential response rates between areas, and to correct for the disproportionate representation of better educated citizens in telephone samples. But the magnitude of education-related differences should be recognized wherever those weights are used. Table A METHOD-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS Total Personal Total CATI Significant Differences Interview Sample Sample Education -- Percent with no 23.2 16.6 High School Percent With College 18.7 24.4 Degree Number of Cases (Base N) (1401) (948) Race -- Percent Black 10.6 5.6 Percent Non-Black 89.4 94 4 Number of Cases (Base N) (1402) (945) Household -- Percent With Income 10.7 4.4 Income Less Than $5,000 Percent With Income 18.8 24.3 Greater Than $35,000 Number of Cases (Base N) (1246) (861) Religion Percent Protestant 62.6 51.6 Percent With No Preference 13.5 20.9 Number of Cases (Base N) (1398) (954) Region of -- Percent in Northeast 19.8 28.1 Residence Percent in South 36.1 33.9 Number of Cases (Base N) (1407) (954) Non-Significant Differences Union -- Percent With Union 21.4 20.0 Membership Member in Household Marital -- Percent Married 60.0 60.4 Status Living with Spouse Age -- Percent Less Than 26 Years Old 14.1 16.1 The noticeable differences between traditional and CATI samples with respect to race and income present more difficult problems of interpretation, for these effects may be at least partially caused by differences in the conceptualization and measurement of the basic variables involved -- as well as sample-related differences due to non-telephone households and differential response rates. Thus, race was (necessarily) measured through a direct question asked of all respondents on the telephone, while the 1982 NES personal interviews relied on direct interviewer observation. And income was measured on the telephone through a complex series of questions which took advantage of CATI's capability for automatic branching, since the "card" which is used to show income categories to respondents in personal interviews could not be used. Whatever the cause of these differences, however, it seems important to note that household sampling and face-to-face interviews produced a national sample of the potential electorate in 1982 with nearly twice as many blacks as a comparably sized sample produced by random digit dialing sampling and telephone interviewing. And the 1982 telephone sample under-represented low income families in general -- and included only half as many families with income less than $5,000 per year. As in the case of education, these differences can -- and should -- be partially corrected through weight variables which compensate for known under-representation of specific demographic groups. In developing such a weighting procedure, however, our current evidence is less than decisive, for the national data which might be used as a standard for correction are themselves based on different data collection procedures i.e. on interviewer observation or self-administered questionnaires. As discussed below, we recommend that NES continue to support research and development in a variety of telephone-related areas. The whole question of demographic representation and weighting provides a good case in point, for it raises a variety of issues concerning the correct standard for re-weighting both the telephone and the personal interview sample. Although the representative quality of telephone vs. traditional samples must be judged on the basis of total sample comparisons, it is worth noting that both the education and income differences are much weaker (and in fact fail to obtain statistical significance on a half sample basis) when the analysis is restricted to those who actually voted in 1982. Thus, as in our prior analysis of non-telephone household distinctiveness based on data from the 1980 NES study, the impact of telephone methods on sample composition would appear to be much less for the active (instead of the potential) electorate. As shown is Table A above, the 1982 CATI sample departed from the 1982 personal interview sample (and previous NES studies) in the proportion of respondents who live in the Northeast and Southern regions of the country. As of this writing, the explanation of this regional difference is not clear, but it appears to stem from the original telephone sample, rather than from differential response rates by region. Regional differences will be removed when the data are weighted, but the weight variable to be used has yet to be developed, and will depend on an extended analysis that has only recently begun. The apparent method-related difference in religious preference was entirely unexpected, and may be a by-product of the regional and educational differences discussed above, As in many other sections of this report, however, further analysis of this difference must await the completion of a weight variable which compensates for known differences in other social characteristics. In summary, it seems likely that some demographic differences will persist between samples produced by traditional vs. telephone-based methods. But the effects involved are modest in nature, they are to a considerable extent concentrated among non-voters, and they can be largely removed through the utilization of appropriate weights. To reinforce this general conclusion, we have begun to compare the distributions on variables from the traditional NES sample in 1982 with comparable figures from the 1980 census. Table B METHOD-RELATED DIFFERENCES IF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Years of School 1980 1982 Personal 1982 CATI Completed Census Interviews Interviews 0-11 32% 23% 17% 4 Yrs High School 36% 34% 36% 1-3 Yrs College 17% 23% 25% 4+ Yrs College 15% 20% 22% 100% 100% 100% As shown in Table B. the difference in education between the CATI and traditional NES samples epresents only an extension of an already noticeable discrepancy between traditional NES samples and Census Bureau estimates for the national adult population. In general, even political surveys carried out by academic organizations that use probability sampling and seek the highest possible response rates under-represent citizens with low levels of education and income. In making inferences about the potential electorate, these differences have posed a potential threat to correct inferences about univariate distributions -- if not about relationships between variables for some time, and the use of telephone methods would appear to accentuate those difficulties. Were it not for considerations of cost, timing, or geographical location, traditional survey methods (based on household sampling and face-to-face interviewing) would apparently produce a slightly more accurate portrait of the potential electorate. But these method-related differences are generally modest, while the cost differences between the two techniques are not. Differences in Political Interest and Opinionation. The clearest and most consistent differences between CATI and traditional methods arise when we focus on the extent to which respondents offer opinions on issues, and on the level of political interest or involvement. As before, the magnitude of those differences is not great, but 21 out of 54 comparisons made in this area between the CATI and personal half samples produced differences which were significant at the .05 level. Most of those differences were again significant in our second half sample, but (perhaps understandably) only seven remained significant when the analysis was restricted to the active electorate. Table C (on the following page) presents five of these comparisons, based on the full 1982 sample for both techniques. We are not yet sure whether the differences in Table C are solely due to the greater ease with which politically uninterested potential respondents can refuse to participate in a telephone interview. It may also be the case that telephone respondents are less willing to admit they "don't know. in response to attitudinal questions, or that probing is more effective on the telephone. But we are tempted to conclude that non-response is more sensitive to low levels of political interest on the telephone than in face-to-face (personal) interviews. Differences in the Direction of Political Attitudes. For those respondents in both samples who die express an opinion or attitude on NES issue variables, we have also tested the hypothesis that the distribution or balance of opinion is the same in both populations -- and then checked to see if significant differences persist when the analysis is restricted to the active electorate. Out of 64 (half sample) comparisons of that sort, only 19 are statistically significant at the .05 level, and 10 of these arc no longer significant when the analysis districted to the active electorate. Table D presents six of these significant differences, along with insignificant differences in ideology and overall approval of Ronald Reagan's performance -- in order to illustrate the modest and inconsistent nature of method-related effects in this area. Table C DIFFERENCES IN POLITICAL INTEREST AND OPINIONATION Total Personal Total CATI Interview Sample Sample Percent with No Opinion on 20.4 14.4 Gov't Spending and Services Percent with No Opinion on the 18.3 10.3 Long Term Impact on the Economy of Reagan Policies Percent with No Opinion on the 7.0 2.5 Equal Rights Amendment Percent Who Follow Gov't 14.8 8.6 and Public Affairs "Hardly at All" Percent \W`ho Care "Very Much" 20.6 24.5 About the Outcome of congressional Elections Number of Cases (Average Base N) (1400) (950) To help us in interpreting these results, we have begun to use summary variables within each category of NES questions, in order to remove some of the idiosyncratic (and/or random) differences between items. In initial analyses, variables which summarize perceptions (traits) and feelings about Ronald Reagan have not shown a significant relationship to data collection mode, but we are not yet prepared to conclude that "no differences" exist. And we are not yet certain how to summarize sample differences in policy preferences. There are significant differences in individual 7-pt scales, but the direction of those differences is inconsistent. There is no significant difference in overall ideological self-identification, and we have as yet no insights into the role played by sampling and measurement differences between the two techniques. Table D DIFFERENCES IN THE DIRECTION OF POLITICAL ATTITUDES (Base N's are in Parentheses) Total Personal Total CATI Interview Sample Sample * Average Score on Ideology (ISR) 4.3 4.3 (1=Liberal, 7=Conservative) (888) (331) Average score on Aid to Minorities (ISR) 4.4 4.1 (1=Favor Aid, 7=Oppose) (1186) (399) Average Score on Gov't Spending (Berkeley) 3.9 4.3 (1=Cut, 7=Increase) (1115) (410) Average Score on Gov't Services (ISR) 3.8 4.2 (1=Reduce, 7=Increase) (1109) (403) Average Score on Gov't Jobs Responsibility (Berkeley) 4.3 4.5 (1=Favor, 7=Oppose) (1202) (407) * Percent Who Approve of Reagan's Performance As Pres. 51.4 54.3 (1310) (902) Percent who Approve of the way Reagan is Handling 55.7 61.5 National Defense (1198) (832) Percent who are Strong or Weak Democratic Identifiers 45.2 37.4 Percent who are Strong or Weak Republican Identifiers 24.5 26.0 (1373) (940) * Not significant at the .05 level # Because of the branching experiment, these results are based on either the ISR or the Berkeley half-samples who were asked the questions in the conventional 7-point (non-branching) format. Based on our results so far, we have concluded that telephone methods yielded onsistently (and significantly) different distributions in political attitudes only for partisan identification and some party-related evaluations. Both the ISR and Berkeley telephone samples included fewer democrats, and this difference remains when the analysis is restricted to actual voters. As in all other comparisons in this report, we do not yet know whether this sample difference in partisanship will disappear when we re-weight the telephone sample to correct for known differences in demographic characteristics. When appropriate weight variables have been constructed, all of the above analyses will be repeated, so that we can assess the degree to which the two methods produce different results through mechanisms other than the telephone's under-representation of less educated and politically interested citizens. Measurement-related Differences As discussed above in connection with sample differences in race and income, results of telephone surveys (and CATI studies in particular) may differ substantially from those of traditional surveys because of measurement differences associated with the loss of visual aids. In the case of questions about income and detailed contacts with congressional candidates, this change in instrumentation is unavoidable, and the revised questions for CATI represent only a natural adaptation of the same basic objectives and categories. In the area of political issues, however, the 1982 project included an additional experiment on the consequences of different approaches to the conceptualization and measurement of both the respondent's position and his perception of the position held by several candidates and parties. By again taking advantage of the random allocation of cases to Michigan or Berkeley, respondents were randomly assigned to one of the two following measurement "treatments." -- with respect to ideological position, attitudes towards government services, defense spending, aid to minorities, equality for women, and governmental responsibility for jobs and standard of living: 1. In the "traditional" treatment, the "card" used in personal interviews to explain the seven point scale was simply evoked for telephone interviews as part of the question text, and respondents were asked telephone questions which closely followed the traditional NES wording; 2. In the CATI or "branching" approach, respondents were first asked a simple trichotomous question concerning their own opinion, and their answer to that question determined the (different) follow-on question used to classify each respondent into one of seven final categories. (The same two stage process was then used to capture respondents' perceptions of candidates and party "positions" on the same policy issues.) In constructing these questions, care was taken to maintain the definition of the end points on the traditional 7 point scale, but the branching format ledinevitably to some changes in the definition of final response categories. Based on the 1979 NES pilot survey, and subsequent discussions concerning the potential advantages of CATI-type branching, some researchers have anticipated improvement in the accuracy or validity of data on issue positions produced through this multi-stage process. That possibility will be addressed below in our discussion of "Differences in Relations Between Variables", but it also suggests the importance of comparing the overall marginal distributions between the two approaches to measurement. We are therefore using our (random) half samples to test the hypothesis that the branching format produces a systematically different impression of the overall balance of public opinion in each attitude area. Comparisons of this sort will be discussed in greater detail in subsequent versions of this Report, but the following results are already clear: 1. There are no consistent differences between the two methods in their tendency to over (or under) represent one side of the bipolar dimensions represented by the four NES questions used for this comparison; 2. The branching format does reduce the number of respondents who remain at an indeterminate or "middle" position, although it is not yet clear if such a change represents an improvement; 3. For whatever reasons, the branching approach maximizes the variation between respondents' in their apparent position on the 7 underlying dimensions, a fact which should be kept mind when interpreting differences between methods in relations between variables; 4. We believe that branching results in a noticeable increase in the amount of missing data, possibly because the initial trichotomous question provides more encouragement for respondents to say they "haven't thought much about this" -- but this result has not yet been fully tested; and 5. The branching method takes noticeably longer to administer when placements are needed for a substantial number of candidates. This last point deserves special emphasis, as the Board's 1984 Committee begins its deliberations concerning the multiple design elements for that year. Continuity with previous election studies may well require that the traditional 7-pt scale be continued for the Fall (time series) component of the 1984 study. But branching methods may be attractive for the pre-convention portions of the study unless the instrument calls for "placements" for a large number of candidates. As of this writing, method comparisons in the issue and branching areas have only begun, but future NES Committees may well have to choose between better measures of respondent positions and issue placements for more candidates. Relationships Between Variables. In our initial -- and exploratory -- comparisons of the CATI and traditional samples, we have also examined the strength of relationships for each method between basic political predispositions and a substantial number of attitudinal or opinion variables. In our results so far, no significant differences have been found between the telephone and traditional samples in bivariate relationships between party identification (and ideology) and several dozen other political variables. There is an inconsistent (and insignificant) tendency for relationships between party identification and specific partisan evaluations to be slightly stronger in the personal interview sample. But this faint tendency is if anything reversed in relationships between ideological self designation and issue position, and we suspect that these preliminary differences are to some extent confounded by the differences between the two samples in levels of education and by the differences between branching vs. 7-pt measures -- as discussed above. Confirmation (or rejection) of these last possibilities will require further analysis, and these same comparisons may have to be replicated in a subsequent election before we can dismiss sampling error as an explanation, for none of our differences in relationships represent more than a 15% change in the measures of association involved. In summary, our initial results suggest that NES analysts who are primarily interested in relationships between variables need not worry about the impact of telephone-based methods on their results. Congressional District Classification. Since 1978, NES Board and Committee meetings devoted to research on congressional election have repeatedly dwelled on the potential advantages of telephone surveys for congressional research primarily because of the larger sample size which could be produced. But all parties involved were also concerned about the potential barrier to such an application posed by the initial ambiguity concerning the current congressional district for households selected through random digit dialing (RDD). Since the instrumentation developed for the 1978 NES study requires that detailed information about the candidates be used to automatically modify all questions about congressional elections, some method had to be found and tested to produce such information before each interview. For this reason, one of the major objectives of the 1982 Method Comparison study was an assessment of the relative efficiency and accuracy of alternative techniques for assigning randomly selected household telephone numbers to congressional districts. On the basis of extensive staff and Board discussions, it was decided that only a "streamlined" method would be used in 1982, in which congressional districts were simply attributed to each randomly selected household telephone number (where any possibility of ambiguity existed) based on information provided by the respondent -- so that the maximum number of interviews could be conducted with the resources available. In principle, the Board might recommend (and may do so in the future) that interviews involving some ambiguity concerning district identification be interrupted, so that geographic information may be used to identify the district involved before resuming the interview as a callback. This option was not exercised in 1982, both because of the extra costs associated with such a venture, and because detailed geographic maps were not available from the 1981 and 1982 redistricting in time to support such a technique. Instead, the 1982 interviews included questions about the geographic location of the respondent's household, and each case was ultimately associated with a "true" congressional district, based on address information and detailed maps -- but that classification took place after all the interviews were completed. Based on that effort, an analysis is now underway concerning the detailed correspondence between the apparent district (to which each respondent was attributed during the interview) and the actual district which a more careful (but expensive) procedure could (in principle) have established before substantive questioning began. Before discussing these results, it may be helpful to review what we believe is the major important conceptual and measurement issue before the Board concerning survey measurement in tile congressional area. Based on the data from prior election studies, it has been evident for some time that a substantial proportion of NES respondents are unable to evaluate congressional candidates, and appear to have very little information about any of the alternatives involved. Nevertheless, previous election studies have maintained the practice of asking all potential voters for their evaluations of the candidates and for evidence of contact with both the incumbent and/or challengers. Thus, a substantial amount of interview time has been used to obtain repeated negative answers like "no contact. or no specific "likes" or "dislikes". Many analysts (and the NES staff) have recommended for some time that screening questions be introduced, so that interviewers would automatically skip all questions about congressional candidates for individuals who fail some minimal standard for candidate visibility. The question of potential comparability between telephone surveys and the traditional NES procedure rests fundamentally on the way in which the Board resolves this question. In 1982 two different methods were used to identify congressional districts and to select the subsample of respondents for whom detailed congressional questions were asked, and these two methods are directly linked to the two alternative answers to the above general question. In the random half of the telephone (CATI) sample administered by Michigan's Survey Research Center, respondents were "attributed" to a congressional district when the names recalled implied one and only one of the districts possible for that telephone number. At the other extreme, respondents who failed to recognize any of the major party candidates in any of the congressional districts to which their telephone cluster might belong were not asked any of the congressional questions. When the respondent failed the recall test, but save signs of candidate recognition for one of the congressional districts -- but no such recognition in the other possible districts -- that respondent was automatically "attributed" to the district in which recognition took place and the detailed congressional questions were administered in terms of the candidates in that district. In the approach used at Michigan, only those respondents who had failed the recall test but recognized candidates in more than one district were then explicitly asked to choose between the two or three districts that might be involved. Out of 468 interviews for which the essential information, is currently available, this first (Michigan) method produced a national sample in which 77 respondents (or 16%) were asked no congressional questions because they failed to recognize any of the potential candidates involved. And an additional 7 respondents (or 1%) were not asked the congressional questions because they recognized candidates in different districts, and were unable to resolve the conflict in response to a direct question. In contrast, respondents interviewed by Berkeley CSM's staff were asked the congressional questions even if they failed to recognize any of the congressional candidates involved if they lived in single district clusters. In multi-district clusters, except in those cases where the respondent was able to select a district through unaided recall, all respondents with telephone numbers for which there was some prior ambiguity about the correct congressional district were asked to make an explicit choice between the multiple districts involved. Thus, "recognition" information was not used to attribute each respondent to a congressional district. As a result of this procedure, out of a total of 443 interviews for which the appropriate information is currently available, no respondents were "skipped" " for the congressional questions because of a failure in recognition, but 66 respondents (or 14%) were not asked the congressional questions because they were unable to select their congressional district in a direct choice between the possiblealternatives. The two methods were also different in the accuracy of the congressional districts assigned to respondents on the basis of their answers to questions. As the following table shows, the method used for Berkeley's half sample permitted a larger proportion of the sample to be asked the congressional questions, and that a higher proportion of the attributions proved ultimately to be accurate. But nearly all of the "gain" in the Berkeley sample (both in the number of respondents asked congressional questions and the accuracy of congressional district attribution) was concentrated in those respondents that were unable to recognize any of the candidates involved. Therefore, if the Board subsequently decides to systematically skip all congressional questions for respondents who are ill-informed about the candidates in their district, the method of "attribution through recognition" used in the ISR half of the 1982 study would be superior. VERIFICATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS Alternative CATI-Based Procedures True CD True CD Equals Does Not Equal Never Assigned CD Assigned CD Assigned DC+MD ISR Method 69% 13% 17% (N=484) (335) (65) (84) (16) CSM Method 76% 9% 14% - (N=461) (352) (43) (66) (18) In general, it seems clear that the losses or errors in both 1982 methods are heavily concentrated among those respondents who have very little to say when asked the detailed congressional questions. The random assignment of respondents to two different methods of congressional district classification in 1982 does permit us to assess the kind of information lost (or gained) when one method of district attribution is chosen instead of the other. For example, we believe that the Berkeley respondents who were not asked congressional questions because they could not explicitly choose their district had (on the average) very little to say about the candidates involved, so that we expect that the two samples will be nearly identical in the overall "amount" of information collected in response to the open-ended questions about the e congressional candidates. And Berkeley results should make it clear that those respondents who were asked congressional questions (even though they failed to recognize any the candidates involved) had very little to say in response to those questions -- or that the method used at ISR lost very little information by skipping all congressional questions for such respondents. Differences Between survey Organizations and CATI Systems. Although the questions used in the two CATI-based segments of the 1982 Method Comparison Project were identical, there are differences between the two CATI systems and survey organizations involved. Although the senior staff from both organizations in the 1982 project did not expect any significant differences between results in the Berkeley and Michigan samples, one of the study's major objectives was to test the validity of that expectation. For this reason, all of the comparisons discussed above between traditional and telephone methods have been calculated for the ISR and Berkeley halves of the CATI sample. As before, because so many potential differences were being "tested", only a random half of the two CATI half samples was used for these large scale (and exploratory) comparisons. In summary, out of 125 potential relationships between specific variables and the "house. or system which collected the data, only 19 differences appear to be significant at the .05 level. These differences, which are not large in substantive terms, involve variables as diverse as length of residence (at both the current address and city), turnout, and the frequency of "don' know. responses to attitude questions. A cursory examination of the content of these variables also suggests a slight difference in socio-economic status and attitudes towards the Reagan administration, but these differences fail to pass a test of significance which takes into account the very large number of tests involved. Based on our results so far, it seems likely that the two CATI systems and the basic procedures used by the two survey organizations are sufficiently similar to produce national samples which are fairly difficult to distinguish. To some extent, this similarity in results may be due to the standardization in interviewer behavior imposed by the CATI systems and the detailed instrumentation used for the 1982 project. But the two organizations also share a great deal in their approach to interviewer recruitment, training, and supervision. Whatever the cause, however, the new survey technology and methodology can apparently be used to produce similar results in separate organizational settings, despite modest differences between the survey organizations and CATI systems involved. In a subsequent version of this report, we will present the detailed results of these comparisons between CATI organizations. That presentation will also review the specific areas in which survey practices were known to differ between organizations. As background for that discussion, however, it may be helpful to summarize the major differences between the two organizations and CATI systems involved. The Michigan Survey Research Center (SRC) has maintained a telephone survey facility and professional staff for several years, but the CATI system used by SRC only recently became available for production utilization. In contrast, the Berkeley Program in Computer-Assisted Survey Methods (CSM) is a research and development group devoted to the creation of new systems and techniques, and does not maintain a production survey capability. The Berkeley system is now in use in several other survey organizations around the country, but the CSM unit maintains staff expertise at only the senior level. As a result, Berkeley's interviewers, supervisors, and coders were recruited specially for the 1982 project, while Michigan's effort relied on a continuing professional staff for these services. These differences should be kept in mind in reviewing both the general similarity and modest differences between the "houses. involved in 1982. And these same organizational differences should be helpful in drawing conclusions from 1982 concerning the probable costs and the staffing requirements for future NES CATI utilization. Costs and Staffing for Traditional vs. Telephone Methods. Projections for future studies concerning the comparative costs for traditional- and telephone-based methods a re still problematic in several respects. But the budgets and cost information from the 19&2 project, coupled with revised cost estimates for the future, do support some conclusions about the tradeoffs in cost or sample size associated with the two alternative techniques. Thus, after appropriate adjustments have been made for both 1982 cost overruns and future cost reductions based on the lessons and instrumentation from 1982, we believe that the 1982 study will confirm that telephone-based methods can produce more than two (and less than three) times as many interviews (lasting an average of 50 minutes) as can be collected using traditional household sampling and face-to-face interviewing. This ratio of cost and/or sample size could become larger (surpassing three to one) if comparatively short interviews were conducted with those citizens who did not vote in the most recent election. But future planning activities would appear to be on safe ground if they operated within the above range of possibilities. Even these approximate answers are of course based on a number of operating assumptions and ambiguities, each of which deserve emphasis. In particular, the above estimates are based on the following assumptions (a) Both techniques are used to collect fresh (i.e. no reinterview) random adult cross-sections of the nation's eligible electorate, with a sample size between 1500 and 2500. (Smaller studies will drive up the cost per case somewhat differentially between the two methods, but the 1982 experience makes it difficult to assess the comparative startup costs associated with relatively small projects, cue to ambiguities in the division, of labor between the NES study staff and the survey organizations involved) (b) The above estimates assume that the basic instrument design (including both theanalysis-ready codebook and instructions for coding open-ended questions as well as the interviewer's instrument) are developed by the study staff or on a separate budget, so that the above estimates reflect only "production" costs associatedwith sampling, field, coding, and direct data entry (c) None of the figures which have gone into the above comparisons incorporate any institutional overhead or indirect costs. (d) No attempt has been made to explicitly adjust for the loss in data associated with the shorter length of telephone interviews (e.g. from 70 to 50 minutes). This last point deserves special emphasis. Although it might be said that telephone interviews "produce" 5/7ths as much information as the single traditional interview, we have not used that fraction to compare the costs per interview or interview equivalent. In many contexts, we suspect that the maximum sample size which can be produced is the more important figure for planning purposes, but it should be noted that the telephone survey will continue to require some sacrifice in the number of questions which can be asked. In this connection, it also seems appropriate to point out that no attempt was made in 1982 to administer a telephone interview which exceeds an average length of 50-55 minutes. Just as the results of 1981 and 1982 CATI surveys have given support to the idea that telephone studies can approach one hour in length, subsequent pilot studies should explore the possibility of even longer interviews, on at least a subsample basis, so that future NES analysts may gain the maximum benefit from each completed interview. The Impact of CATI. As discussed at the beginning of this report, the 1982 Method Comparison Project was structured in a way which would permit the Election Studies to assess the potential utility of CATI systems as well as telephone-based sampling and interviewing. Thus, the final 1982 data tape will contain cases that were produced by three different systems for the entry, management, and cleaning of survey information. The face-to-face interviews were of course first collected in the traditional paper and pencil form, and then converted to numeric form and cleaned using the Institute's system for direct data entry. In contrast, the data records from Michigan's telephone sample were created in machine readable form by interviewers using ISR's CATI system, and then converted to use the same procedures used for cleaning and coding the face-to-face interviews. At Berkeley, the (CSM) CATI system was used for all interviewing and coding-cleaning functions, but a special (post-CATI) program was written to convert the resulting data records to precisely match the ISR data and codebook. These three approaches to survey data processing are different from each other in several respects, so that the 1982 study required a major investment of staff time in both organizations to insure comparability between techniques -- and to produce a final codebook which documents the complexities in this multi-method data set. This experience has been extremely instructive in its own right, for it illustrates both the strength and irritations associated with alternative strategies for computer-assisted data collection. During this process, those responsible for the systems involved have obtained new insights concerning ways to save time or improve data quality on complex projects. And the Election Studies staff have gained a much deeper understanding of the issues at stake in long term planning for computer-based survey data collection and documentation. The detailed CATI "lessons" from the 1982 project, and the different experiences of the two organizations involved will be discussed in a subsequent report. But it is clear that the decision to use CATI, and to simultaneously test two different CATI systems imposed a major additional burden on the staffs and budget for the 1982 project. At this point, it is not yet clear how much of this effort and cost represents an investment in future cost reduction -- and how much must be repeated for each study. NES decisions with respect to CATI utilization may therefore vary considerably in future studies -- as a function of cost and design requirements. For the design elements proposed for 1984, the NES Board has decided to defer decisions concerning CATI until later in 1983, but all parties concerned are agreed that decisions in this area should be based on the degree to which measurement objectives require CATI-type capability, on the degree to which CATI offers a clear advantage in the overall cost of data collection, and on the impact of CATI on senior technical staff. The general implications of the new survey technology for survey organization and staffing have been evident for some time. But the NES 1982 project has provided a powerful independent demonstration of the need for addition"] development and testing of phases, as well as advance planning required calls for a substantial increase in the permanent (senior) technical staff assigned to direct the studies. The two CATI systems used in the 1982 Method Comparison Project were designed in such a way as to save time and costs in the later stages of survey data preparation. But the 1982 project has shown that this expectation will only be realized if sufficient staff expertise and time are available for instrument development at the Front end" of the process, arid if study budgets reflect the complexities associated with the coding of open ended NES Questions and the reformatting of data and documentation for ICPSR distribution. The NES Board has proposed that future Election Studies include a variety of separate (or independently executed) data collection operations -- each of which would require substantial advance planning for full CATI utilization. The full implications of such a change for the permanent staff of the National Election Studies are just now becoming visible, and we urge the staff to proceed carefully, in order to maximize the integrity of each data collection involved while making an orderly transition to the new technology. In general, we recommend that future studies use CATI-type systems only if (or when) they meet the following guidelines: 1. CATI should only be used when the system and instrumentation involved have reached a level of technical stability that reduces the overall costs or provides a demonstrable enhancement in the overall quality of the resulting data; or 2. When the complexity of instrumentation is such that computer-assisted techniques are essential in order to satisfy the research objectives involved; and 3. The extra investment in advance planning and instrument development required for CATI studies should not be undertaken without the prior recruitment and training of additional senior staff with the appropriate substantive and technical expertise. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS MID RECOMMENDATIONS The results of the 1982 Method Comparison Study suggest that telephone-based methods are feasible and cost-effective for NES. Given our current estimates of comparative costs for future studies, it is clear that the newer survey methods are generally appropriate for those NES research objectives which could only be accomplished with telephone surveys, and that telephone-based methods can also serve as a valuable complement to household sampling and face-to-face interviewing for the NES time series. This last point deserves special emphasis, for the Board is considering a dual-frame design for the traditional (Fall) surveys which extent the NES time series. In such a plan, both traditional and telephone-based methods would be employee simultaneously to collect two independent (but complementary) national cross-sections. The resulting telephone interviews would be collected at lower cost and would be used to enlarge the overall sample size for those analyses which require more cases or better coverage of specialized subpopulations. And each sample would serve to correct for known weaknesses in the other, based on the differences better, methods in both coverage and response rates. As a result, the combined national sample would provide a better description of the potential electorate than has heretofore been possible. At the same time, however, time series analyses be restricted to the personal interview-only component, in to avoid confusing true differences with method effects interpretation of aggregate change over time. Continuing Methodological And Technical Issues. These general conclusions are already reflected in the Board's long term proposals for data collection although the dual frame design is not currently scheduled for use in 1984. But it is increasingly clear that NES has only begun what must become a continuing program of method-related research, for the cost and data quality tradeoffs associated with newer survey technology continue to change at a very rapid pace. In particular, NES staff and Board members will be engaged in continuing analyses of the 1982 study, with special emphasis on its internal experiments with respect to measurement, congressional district identification, and CATI effectiveness. And any use of a dual frame design for the traditional (or time series) component of subsequent studies will make it possible for NES to replicate basic results from the 1982 study -- and thereby monitor changed in the cost and data quality tradeoffs associated with telephone-based methods. We therefore urge the Board to allocate resources for G continuing evaluation of method differences in sample or measurement quality, and of the cost- and staff-related tradeoffs associated with computer-based techniques. In summary, the 1982 Method Comparison Project has made it possible for NES to take a major step forward in utilizing new survey techniques to maximize the efficiency of data collection, while maintaining the maximum possible comparability with the NES time series. If appropriate attention is given to the complications posed by using two parallel systems for data collection, future studies should be able to substantially enlarge the set of research objectives that can be accommodated. REFERENCES Freeman, Howard E., K. Jill Kiecolt, William L.Nicholls, and J. Merrill Shanks, "Telephone Sampling Bias in Surveying Disability", Public Opinion Quarterly, Fall 1982, 392-407. Freeman, Howard E., and J. Merrill Shanks, ed, "The Emergence of Computer-Assisted Survey Research", a forthcoming special issue of Sociological Methods and Research. Groves, Robert M. and Robert L. Kahn, Surveys by Telephone, Academic Press, 1979. Shanks, J. Merrill, Wm. Michael Denney, J. Stephen Hendricks, J. Merrill Shanks, Wm. Michael Denney, J. Stephen Hendricks, and Richard A. Brody, "Citizen Reasoning About Public Issues and Policy Tradeoffs: A Progress Report on Computer-Assisted Political Surveys", submitted to the Russell Sage Foundation, October 1981.