Version 03 Codebook ------------------- CODEBOOK APPENDIX FILE ANES 1988-1992 MERGED SENATE FILE USER NOTE: Much of his file has been converted to electronic format via OCR scanning. As a result, the user is advised that some errors in character recognition may have resulted within the text. MASTER CODES: The following master codes follow in this order: PARTY-CANDIDATE MASTER CODE CAMPAIGN ISSUES MASTER CODES CONGRESSIONAL LEADERSHIP CODE ELECTIVE OFFICE CODE RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE MASTER CODE SENATOR NAMES CODES CAMPAIGN MANAGERS AND POLLSTERS CAMPAIGN CONTENT CODES HOUSE CANDIDATES CANDIDATE CODES >> VII. MASTER CODES - Survey Variables >> VII.A. Party/Candidate ('Likes/Dislikes') ? PARTY-CANDIDATE MASTER CODE PARTY ONLY -- PEOPLE WITHIN PARTY 0001 Johnson 0002 Kennedy, John; JFK 0003 Kennedy, Robert; RFK 0004 Kennedy, Edward; "Ted" 0005 Kennedy, NA which 0006 Truman 0007 Roosevelt; "FDR" 0008 McGovern 0009 Carter 0010 Mondale 0011 McCarthy, Eugene 0012 Humphrey 0013 Muskie 0014 Dukakis, Michael 0015 Wallace 0016 Jackson, Jesse 0017 Clinton, Bill 0031 Eisenhower; Ike 0032 Nixon 0034 Rockefeller 0035 Reagan 0036 Ford 0037 Bush 0038 Connally 0039 Kissinger 0040 McCarthy, Joseph 0041 Buchanan, Pat 0051 Other national party figures (Senators, Congressman, etc.) 0052 Local party figures (city, state, etc.) 0053 Good/Young/Experienced leaders; like whole ticket 0054 Bad/Old/Inexperienced leaders; dislike whole ticket 0055 Reference to vice-presidential candidate ? Make 0097 Other people within party reasons Card PARTY ONLY -- PARTY CHARACTERISTICS 0101 Traditional Democratic voter: always been a Democrat; just a Democrat; never been a Republican; just couldn't vote Republican 0102 Traditional Republican voter: always been a Republican; just a Republican; never been a Democrat; just couldn't vote Democratic 0111 Positive, personal, affective terms applied to party--good/nice people; patriotic; etc. 0112 Negative, personal, affective terms applied to party--bad/lazy people; lack of patriotism; etc. 0121 Can trust them; they keep their promises; you know where they stand 0122 Can't trust them; they break their promises; you don't know where they stand 0131 Party is well-organized, sticks together, is united; members are disciplined; votes party line 0132 Party is poorly-organized/really two parties/divided/factionalized; members not disciplined; doesn't vote party line 0133 Party is (more) representative/good cross-section of the encompasses a wider variety of views/people; is more at the center of the country's views 0134 Party is less/not representative; bad cross-section of the country; encompasses more restricted views; is less at the center of the country's views 0135 Reference to participation of minority candidate(s) 0141 Reference to party's most recent National Convention; party's process/method of selecting presidential/vice-presidential candidates 0151 Performance of local branch of party; how they've done in this state/county/town 0161 Reference to the predominant faction that R sees as being in control of the party (NA which faction); "I don't like the people running it" 0162 Reference to Northerners/Liberals (as in control) of Democratic Party 0163 Reference to Southerners/Conservatives (as in control) of Democratic Party ? PARTY ONLY -- PARTY CHARACTERISTICS CONT'D. 0164 Reference to Easterners/Liberals/Moderates (as in control) of Republican Party 0165 Reference to Midwesterners/Westerners/Southerners/Conservatives (as in control) of Republican Party 167 Can't win; doesn't have a chance 0168 Can win; party can't be beat 0169 Too big a party; there are too many of them; party is too powerful 0170 Too small a party; there are not enough of them; party is too weak 0171 Listens (more) to people; takes (more) into consideration the needs and wants of people; understands (better) the people/the majority of the people 0172 Doesn't listen to/understand the needs and wants of the people/the majority of the people 0173 Campaign tactics, uses too much money in campaigns, slings mud 0174 Party has been in office/controlled Congress/held the White House too long/long enough; we need a change (of party) [code 430 for mentions of candidate] Make 0197 Other party-characteristic reasons Card CANDIDATE ONLY -- EXPERIENCE, ABILITY Low 0201 General reference to him as "a good/bad man or a good/bad pri- guy"; R has heard good/bad things about him; qualifications; ority general ability; reference to his "personality" *0203 Not qualified for the office; the job is too big for him to handle 0211 Experienced (NA what kind) (see 0217, 0218, 0220 for specific kinds of experience; if in foreign policy see 1100's) 0212 Inexperienced 0213 Dependable/Trustworthy/Reliable; a man you can trust with the responsibilities of government ("trust" in the capability sense, rather than the honesty sense) 0214 Undependable/Untrustworthy/Unreliable; a man you can't trust with the responsibilities of government 0215 A military man; a good military/war record 0216 Not a military man; bad military/war record; no military/war record 0217 His record in public service; how well he's performed in previous offices; voting record in Congress 0218 Has government experience/political experience/seniority/incumbency 0219 Lacks government experience/political experience 0220 A statesman; has experience in foreign affairs 0221 Not a statesman; lacks experience in foreign affairs 0222 "He has done a good job so far"; he has brought us through hard times"; has gotten things done has some good ideas; trying to do right things 0223 Hasn't done anything; hasn't produced any results (general); has not been able to get programs off the ground 0224 Has fulfilled/kept (campaign) promises 0225 Has not fulfilled/kept (campaign) promises Make 0297 Other candidate experience/ability reasons Card CANDIDATE ONLY -- CANDIDATE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES 0301 Dignified/has dignity 0302 Undignified/lacks dignity 0303 Strong/decisive/self-confident/aggressive; will end all this indecision 0304 Weak/indecisive/lacks self-confidence/vacillating 0305 Inspiring; a man you can follow; "a leader" 0306 Uninspiring; not a man you can follow; not a leader *0335 Makes people feel good about America/being Americans; is patriotic/loves the country 0307 People have confidence in him 0308 People don't have confidence in him 0309 Good at communicating with blacks, young people, other "problem" groups 0310 Bad at communicating with blacks, young people, other "problem" groups (if communicate in general, see 0441, 0442) 0311 Knows how to handle people (at personal level) 0312 Doesn't know how to handle people (at personal level) 0313 A politician/political person; (too) much in politics; a good politician; part of Washington crowd; politically motivated; just wants to be re-elected 0314 Not a politician; not in politics; above politics; a bad politician 0315 Independent; no one runs him; his own boss 0316 Not independent; run by others; not his own man/boss 0317 Humble; knows his limitations; doesn't pretend to know all the answers 0318 Not humble enough; too cocky/self-confident; can't admit shortcomings; blames others for his/her mistakes 0319 (Too) Careful/Cautious/Good judgment 0320 (Too) Impulsive/Careless/Bad/Poor judgment *0334 Poor at explaining himself/his positions; doesn't answer questions clearly; speaks off the top of his head/doesn't stop to think before he speaks ? CANDIDATE ONLY -- CANDIDATE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES CONT'D. 0321 Helps people in the district on a personal level; has helped R personally with a problem (specific mention); tries to do things for the people 0322 Doesn't help people in the district on a personal level; was not helpful to R with a personal problem(specific mention) 0323 Represents (well) the views of the district; close to people in the district; comes home regularly to chat and mix with people 0324 Does not represent (well) the views of the district; not close to the people in the district; doesn'T interact enough with the people 0325 Keeps people well informed about governmental matters; communicates with constituents; any mention of R receiving newsletters or communications from him/her; explains matters well so people can understand 0326 Does not inform people enough about governmental matters; does not send enough newsletters or communications; doesn't explain matters well 0327 Listens to the people/solicits public opinion; any mention of polls or questionnaires; is accessible to constituents (NFS) 0328 Doesn't listen to the people/does not solicit public opinion; isn't accessible to constituents (NFS) 0329 Has helped local (district) economy; brought money, projects, jobs to district 0330 Has not helped local (district) economy; not brought money, projects, jobs to district 0331 Candidate helps the district; watches out for the interests of the district or region in general 0332 Candidate has not protected/watched out for the interests of the district (specific mentions) *0334 Located after 0320 *0335 Located after 0306 ? Make 0397 Other candidate leadership reason Card CANDIDATE ONLY -- PERSONAL QUALITIES 0401 Honest/Sincere; keeps promises; man of integrity; means what he says; fair; not tricky; open and candid; straightforward; positive Playboy references (1976) 0402 Dishonest/Insincere; breaks promises; no integrity; doesn't mean what he says; tricky; not open and candid; not straightforward 0403 Man of high principles/ideals; high moral purpose; idealistic (if too idealistic, code 0416) 0404 Lacks principles/ideals 0405 Racist/Bigoted/Prejudiced 0406 Not a racist/bigoted/prejudiced 0407 Public servant; man of duty; conscientious; hard-working; would be a full-time President; good attendance record in Congress; dedicated; really interested in serving people 0408 Doesn't take public service seriously; lazy; would be a part- time President; poor attendance record in office; not dedicated; not really interested in serving people 0409 Doesn't use office for personal benefit; not in office to maximize personal benefit 0410 Uses/in office (mostly) for personal benefits (junket trips, big salary, other perks) 0411 Patriotic; (88) like Bush's stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue 0412 Unpatriotic; (88) dislike Dukakis' stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue 0413 Understands the nation's/district's problems; well-informed; studies up on issues 0414 Doesn't understand the nation's/district's problems; poorly informed; doesn't study up on issues 0415 Realistic 0416 Unrealistic; too idealistic; (if "idealistic" in positive sense, code 0403) 0417 Uses common sense; makes a lot of sense; pragmatic/practical/down-to-earth 0418 Not sensible; impractical 0419 (Too) well educated; scholarly 0420 Poorly educated; unschooled ? CANDIDATE ONLY -- PERSONAL QUALITIES CONT'D. 0421 Intelligent/Smart 0422 Unintelligent/Stupid/Dumb *0464 Uninformed; doesn't (seem to) know anything about the issues/what is going on in the country/government 0423 Religious; "moral" (in religious sense); God-fearing; "too" religious 0424 "Irreligious"; "immoral" (in religious sense); Playboy interview (reflects on Carter--1976) 0425 Self-made; not well off; started out as poor; worked his way up; (started out) unpolished/unrefined/rough 0426 Wealthy; rich; born with silver spoon in mouth; polished/refined/well-mannered 0427 Old hat; has run before; a die-hard; "a loser" (in the past) 0428 Someone new; a fresh face 0429 Don't change horses in midstream 0430 Time for a change; incumbent has been in office too long/long enough [code 174 for mentions of party] 0431 Unsafe/Unstable; dictatorial; craves power; ruthless 0432 Safe/Stable 0433 Sense of humor; jokes a lot (too much) 0434 No sense of humor; humorless (too serious) 0435 Kind/Warm/Gentle 0436 Cold/Aloof 0437 Likeable; gets along with people; friendly; outgoing 0438 Not likeable; can't get along with people 0439 Democratic (in non-partisan sense) 0440 Undemocratic (in non-partisan sense) 0441 High-fallutin'/High-brow; talks in circles; can't talk to common man; can't communicate ideas well 0442 Not high-fallutin'/is low-brow; talks straight; can talk to common man; can communicate ideas well 0443 Well-known; "I know him/her" 0444 Unknown; not well known 0445 Reference to his family (not 0457) 0446 Reference to his wife/spouse ? CANDIDATE ONLY -- PERSONAL QUALITIES CONT'D. 0447 Speaking ability 0448 Health 0449 Appearance/Looks/Face/Appearance on TV; his smile 0450 Age (NA how perceived) 0451 (Too) Old 0452 (Too) Young 0453 Mature 0454 Immature 0455 Regional reference; "he's a Southerner"; "he's a Midwesterner"; he comes from the country/a rural area; area reference 0456 Previous occupation 0457 He's a family man 0459 Energetic; too energetic 0460 Not energetic 0461 Gender, e.g., "She's a woman" 0462 Racial/Ethnic attribute; "He is a black man" *0464 Located after 0422 N0 0495 Other negative personal qualities Make 0496 Other positive personal qualities Card 0497 Other candidate personal qualities 0498 References to Playboy interview--NA direction or neutral; "it's OK," "that is what the Bible says" (not 0401)--1976 ? CANDIDATE ONLY--PARTY CONNECTIONS 0500 A Democrat; good Democrat; typical Democrat 0501 A Republican; good Republican; typical Republican 0502 Controlled by party regulars/bosses/machine 0503 Not controlled by party regulars/bosses 0504 Reference to men around him/staff/followers 0505 Reference to his speeches (exc. 0447), campaign tactics; mud- slinging; (88) dislike Bush's stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue 0506 Can win; best choice for party victory 0507 Cannot win; not good choice for party victory 0508 Reference to linkage with other party figures (he's close to the Kennedy's; he was close to Eisenhower; etc.) 0509 Would continue/keep/follow Democratic policies (unspecified) 0510 Would change/get rid of " " 0511 Would continue/keep/follow Democratic domestic policies (unspecified, not codeable in 0900's) 0512 Would change/get rid of " " " 0513 Would continue/keep/follow Democratic foreign policies (unspecified, not codeable in 1100's) 0514 Would change/get rid of " " " 0515 Would continue/keep/follow Republican policies (unspecified) 0516 Would change/get rid of " " 0517 Would continue/keep/follow Republican domestic policies (unspecified, not codeable in 0900's) 0518 Would change/get rid of " " " 0519 Would continue/keep/follow Republican foreign policies (unspecified, not codeable in 1100's) 0520 Would change/get rid of " " " 0531 More liberal than most Democrats; a Northern Democrat 0532 More conservative " " ; a Southern Democrat 0533 More liberal than most Republicans; an Eastern Republican 0534 More conservative " " ; a Midwestern/Western/ Southern Republican 0535 Will bring in/listen to the (party) liberals 0536 Will bring in/listen to the (party) conservatives ? CANDIDATE ONLY--PARTY CONNECTIONS CONT'D. 541 References to the physical or mental health of vice-presidential incumbent/candidate; emotional state/stability of vice-presidential incumbent/candidate; [1972] References to the Eagleton affair Make 0542 Reference to vice-presidential incumbent/candidate, running Card mate - NEC 0543 References to age/gender/race/ethnic background of vice- presidential incumbent/candidate; [1984] Mondale's selection of a woman for vice-president 0544 Mention of issue(s) that vice-presidential incumbent/candidate is identified with or has taken a leading role in promoting; [1992] Gore's position on the environment 0551 References to link with "Watergate"-positive reference to Watergate 0552 Not associated with "Watergate"--negative reference to Watergate; making too much out of Watergate 0553 Ford's pardon of Nixon--NA direction or against pardon 0554 " " " --pro; brave/right thing to do 0555 Positive references about independent candidacy; maybe the country needs a third party; third parties should have more recognition; the two party system needs buckling 0556 Negative references/liabilities related to independent candidacy; "he's an independent" (NFS); "we don't need a third party"; "he lacks backing from a party" Make 0597 Other candidate party connection reasons Card PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT 0601 Good/Efficient/Businesslike administration; balanced budget; lower/wouldn't increase national debt; cautious spending 0602 Bad/Inefficient/Unbusinesslike administration; wasteful; "bureaucratic"; deficit budget; higher/increased national debt; overspend 0603 Honest government; not corrupt; no "mess in Washington" 0604 Dishonest/Corrupt government; "mess in Washington"; immorality in government; reference to Hayes, Mills, Lance; [1992] writing bad checks on the House of Representatives bank 0605 (Would) Spend less (than other side); (would) spend too little 0606 (Would) Spend more (than other side); (would) spend too much 0607 Has brought/will bring about bureaucratic reform 0608 Has not brought/will not bring about bureaucratic reform ? Low 0609 General assessment of job he/they would do/are doing; is pri- good/bad President; are providing good/bad administration ority*0622 Doesn't work (hard) at job; not involved (enough) in the work of his office/delegates too much authority to others; has chosen poor/incompetent aides; his aides have not performed well 0610 Reference to management/performance in Congress/Supreme Court/other government agency; references to the quality of appointments made to public posts (courts, cabinet, commissions) 0611 He has/has not worked well with (Democratic) Congress; would/could have done better with (Republican) Congress; he kept/would keep Congress in check 0612 He will work well/better with (Democratic) Congress 0613 Gets more done/accomplishes as much/more productive 0614 Gets less done/doesn't accomplish as much/less productive *0625 Mostly approve of/happy with job done so far, but doesn't approve of everything that has been done 0615 Sympathy/understanding expressed for the complexity/ magnitude of the job (e.g., President): tough job 0616 Sympathy/understanding expressed for the difficult situation ("a mess") inherited by the incumbent *0623 Doing the best he can (under the circumstances); doing as good a job as anyone else could do; everyone makes some mistakes ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVT MANAGEMENT CONTD 0617 Will face (difficult) issues; faces problems directly; faces up to political reality 0618 Will not face (difficult) issues; will not face problems directly; ignores political reality 0619 Supports the president/works well with the president/would work well with the president 0620 Does not support the president/does not (would not) work well with the president 0621 Response to/handling of domestic crisis or natural disaster - riot, hurricane, tornado, earthquake, flood, etc. *0622 Located after 0609 *0623 Located after 0616 *0625 Located after 0614 0624 Opposes term limitations for Congress 0626 Favors term limitations for Congress *0627 The economy is bad, but that is not (necessarily) his fault Make 0697 Other government management reasons Card PARTY OR CANDIDATE--MISCELLANEOUS Low 0701 Just like him/them (NA why); like everything about him/them; pri- "I was hoping he would win the (nomination/primaries)" ority 0702 Just dislike/Don't like him/them (NA why); don't like anything about him/them *0732 Used to like him but don't now; have lost respect for him 0703 Will save America; America needs him/them 0704 Will ruin America; last thing America needs 0705 Will unite Americans/bring people together 0706 Will divide Americans/drive people apart 0707 Speaks of party/candidate as good protector(s); will know what to do; more intelligent 0708 Speaks of party/candidate as bad protector(s); won't know what to do 0709 Good for country (unspecified); trying to do good job; trying; not just out for self/own best interest; has/have country's interest at heart 0710 Bad for country (unspecified); don't have country's interests at heart; only looking out for their own interests 0711 Lesser of two evils 0718. Treatment of Jesse Jackson; didn't offer him the vice- presidential nomination; didn't use him (effectively) to get out the Black vote; weren't courteous/respectful toward him; didn't keep promises made to him 0719 References to damaging incidents in candidate's personal life (sexual escapades, financial problems, substance abuse, etc); [1980] Reference to Chappaquidic; Kennedy's personal problems 0720 Reference to Watergate affair (exc. 0551-0554) 0721 The way the incumbent came to office; the people should select President 0722 The incumbent should have a chance (on his own)/another chance/second chance ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--MISCELLANEOUS CONT'D. 0723 (I believe in/Necessary for) a two-party system; choice between candidates; opposition; balances power of other party 0724 Vote for the man rather than party; look for more qualified man; don't pay attention to parties 0725 The opponent who the candidate ran against; the candidate was the better/worse of the two in general; the candidate ran against someone I really like/dislike 0726 Splits votes; will elect wrong candidate; "spoiler" 0727 Expression of sympathy/admiration for the candidate's underdog position; trying hard against terrible odds; courageous uphill battle; "I like underdogs"; "they are bucking the guy" (keeping him off ballot, not taking him seriously, not giving him enough publicity) 0728 Negative comments about the candidate's switching parties, being a turncoat, disloyal to his original party 0729 Party selection of a woman for vice-president 0730 Mention of debates; candidate's performance in the debates 0731. Position (vote) on increasing congressional salary; position (vote)on accepting honoraria/outside pay/royalties while in office *0732 Located after 0702 0733 References to candidate's children or extended family [code 446 for references to spouse] 0796 References to unfair/undeserved/excessive criticism by media or public ? Make 0797 Other miscellaneous reasons: Other miscellaneous reasons Card relating to image and candidate/party effect on nation PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY/PHILOSOPHY Low 0801 General assessment of ideas/policies/stands (unspecified) prior- ity if 0802 Different from other party/candidate issues 0803 Same as other party/candidate; not different enough men- tioned 0804 (Too) negative; always tearing down other side; no solutions of his/their own 0805 For government activity; believe government should take care of things; for big government; supports social programs/ spending (not 0905-0907) 0806 Against government activity; believe government involved in too many things; favors reduction in social programs/ spending (not 0905-0907) 0807 Humanistic; favor human beings over property rights 0808 Not humanistic; favor property rights over human beings 0809 Favor social change/reform/progress/improvement of social conditions 0810 Against social change/reform/progress/improvement of social conditions 0811 Socialistic 0812 Anti-socialistic 0813 Communistic/soft/hard-liner on Communism/apologist for Communists/dupe 0814 (Too) anti-communistic/hard-liner on Communism 0815 (Too) liberal (except 0531 or 0533) 0816 (Too) conservative (except 0532 or 0534) 0817 Moderate/middle of the road/for slow change; not an extremist/fanatic 0818 Extremist/fanatic/too far out; not too moderate/not a fence- sitter 0819 Pro-Far Right/Birchers/reactionaries; encouraging fascist/police state 0820 Anti-Far Right/ " " ; discouraging" 0821 Pro-Far Left/radicals/Yippies/SDS; encouraging anarchy/guerilla state 0822 Anti-Far Left/ " " " ; discouraging " 0823 Pro-Extremists (NA direction)/nuts/bomb-throwers 0824 Anti-Extremists " " " ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY/PHILOSOPHY CONT'D. 0827 Pro-States'/local/community rights; better local government 0828 Anti- " " " " ; worse/weaker local government 0829 For equality; believe everyone should have things equally/be treated equally 0830 Anti-equality; believe some people should have more than others/people should not be treated equally 0831 Generous, compassionate, believe in helping others 0832 Selfish, only help themselves 0833 Acceptance of change/new ideas; less bound to status quo; more open to new ideas/ways of doing things; flexible, innovative 0834 Resistance to change/new ideas; stick to (protect) status quo; resist new ways of doing things; rigid 0835 Has a well-defined set of beliefs/definite philosophy; does not compromise on principles; has (clear) understanding of goals they stand for 0836 Has poorly defined set of beliefs; lacks a definite philosophy; compromise on principles; has no (clear) understanding of goals they stand for 0837 Favor work ethic; believes in self-reliance/in people working hard to get ahead 0838 Doesn't favor work ethic; believes in people being handed things/in government handouts (if specific policy mentioned, code in 0900's) 0841 Keep track of/control over administration heads, cabinet members, etc.; follow through on policies; determine if programs are working 0842 Don't (as in 0841) 0843 Conditional evaluation: R suggests candidate/party cannot solve problems because not under his/their control (no negative connotations); will he/they be able to do what they say (determining factor outside his/their control); "I like what he says but wonder if he can do it" (if clearly negative, code in 0122 or 0402) ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY/PHILOSOPHY CONT'D. 0845 Will involve/wants to involve people/Congress/Cabinet/ advisors/other government officials in government/decision making 0846 Will not involve people/Congress/Cabinet/advisors/other government officials in government/decision making 0847 Separation of church and state/religion and politics--pro 0848 Separation of church and state/religion and politics--anti 0849 Stand/views on religion (church/state relationship NA) Make 0897 Other Government Activity/Philosophy reasons Card PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES Low 0900 General assessment of domestic ideas/policies/stands prior- (unspecified) ity if issues 0901 General assessment of economic policy (unspecified) men- tioned 0902 Government economic controls--NA direction 0903 " " " --Pro; we need planned economy; control of private enterprise 0904 " " " --Anti; we have too much interference in private enterprise 0905 Welfare/Poverty problems--NA direction; give-away 0906 " " " --Pro government aid/activity; pro give-aways 0907 " " " --Anti government aid/activity; anti give-aways; pro self-help 0908 Social Security/Pensions--NA direction 0909 " " " --Pro expansion in coverage and/or increase in benefits 0910 " " " --Anti expansion in coverage and/or increase in benefits; favoring contraction and/or decrease 0911 Unemployment compensation--NA direction 0912 " " --Pro expansion in coverage and/or increase in benefits 0913 " " --Anti expansion in coverage and/or increase in benefits; favoring contraction and/or decrease 0914 Aid to education--NA direction 0915 " " --Pro 0916 " " --Anti 0917 Aid to parochial schools--NA direction 0918 " " " --Pro 0919 " " " --Anti 1052 School choice plans; vouchers -- pro 1053 " " " -- anti 1047 Establish/enforce standards for schools (test teachers, require minimum curricula, regulate class size, etc) -- NA direction 1048 " " " -- Pro 1049 " " " --Anti 0920 Housing--NA direction 0921 " --Pro more public housing 0922 " --Anti more public housing ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES CONT'D. 0923 Aid/Programs for older people/the aged, Medicare, Medicaid, direction -- NA 0924 " " " -- Pro 0925 " " " -- Anti 0926 Monetary policy--NA direction 0927 " " --Pro loose(r) money; more availability of loans for housing, cars, etc.; lower interest rates 0928 " " --Anti loose(r) money; for tighter money; less availability of loans; higher interest rates 1054 Value of the dollar relative to gold/other currencies; any mentions of gold/currencies 1046 Solvency/stability/regulation/control of the nation's FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. [1990] Involvement in the Savings and Loan scandals 0929 Tax policy--NA direction 0930 " " --Pro lower taxes 0931 " " --Anti lower taxes; for higher taxes 0932 " " --Pro reform/fairer system/end of loopholes/write- offs/dodges 0933 " " --Anti reform/fairer system/end of loopholes/write- offs/dodges 1055 Line item veto -- pro 1056 Line item veto -- anti 0942 [1990] Candidate voted for the budget agreement which resulted in increased taxes/fees 0934 "The Times"/General conditions/Prosperity/The Economy --better under him/them 0935 " " --worse under him/them 0936 Inflation/Cost of living--lower/better under him/them 0937 " " " --higher/worse under him/them 0938 Wages/Salaries/Income/Employment--higher/better under him/them 0939 " " " " --lower/worse under him/them 0940 Prices for producers--higher/better under him/them 0941 " " --lower/worse (if farm, see 0943-0945) 0942 Located after 0933 ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES CONT'D. 0943 Programs to help farmers -- NA direction 0944 " " " -- Pro (greater) help/fairer system, reform in system; higher price supports 0945 " " " -- Anti (greater)help/fairer system, reform in system; higher price supports 0946 Civil rights/Racial justice/Integration/Desegregation/Voting Rights -- NA direction 0947 " " -- Pro 0948 " " -- Anti 1043 Affirmative Action programs -- NA direction 1044 " " " -- Pro; favors quotas based on race or gender 1045 " " " -- Anti; opposes quotas based on race or gender 0949 Civil liberties/Freedom of expression/First amendment/ Privacy - NA direction 0950 " -- Pro; against snooping; political trials, etc; (88) like Dukakis' stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue 0951 " -- Anti; for snooping; political trials; McCarthyite; (88) dislike Republican party stand on Pledge of Allegiance issue 0952 General assessment of Labor policy (unspecified) 0953 Right to work laws--NA direction 0954 " " " --Pro (i.e., opposes unions [anti-labor, code 1208]) 0955 " " " --Anti (i.e., supports unions [pro-labor, code 1207]) 0956 Strikes--NA direction 0957 " --will have fewer/will handle better 0958 " --will have more/will handle worse 0959 Public power/Utilities/TVA/Atomic reactors/Nuclear power plants/Etc. -- NA direction 0960 " " " -- Pro 0961 " " " -- Anti 1059 Regulation of companies engaged in public communication or transportation -- pro 1060 " " " " -- anti ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES CONT'D. 0962 Ecology/Environment; Air and Water Pollution-NA direction 0963 Will crack down on polluters, will be activist; will protect the environment 0964 Won't crack down on polluters, doesn't care; in league with polluters; not willing to protect the environment 0965 Veterans' Benefits--NA direction 0966 " " --Pro expansion of coverage and/or increase in benefits 0967 " " --Anti expansion of coverage and/or increase in benefits; favoring contraction and/or decrease 0968 Law and order--NA direction 0969 " " --soft line--unspecified 0970 " " " " --blacks 0971 " " " " --campus demonstrators 0972 " " " " --criminals/organized crime/ hoodlums/street crime 0973 " " " " --anti power of police; court interference 1041 " " " " --opposes death penalty 0974 " " --hard line--unspecified 0975 " " " " --blacks 0976 " " " " --campus demonstrators 0977 " " " " --criminals/organized crime/ hoodlums/street crime 0978 " " " " --pro power of police; reduced court interference 1042 " " " " --favors death penalty 0979 Public morality--NA direction 0980 " " --Strict/older/traditionalistic outlook; improve/renew morality of country; pro-family; defends family values 0981 " " --Permissive/newer/modernistic outlook; not (strongly enough) pro-family; doesn't defend (strongly enough) family values 0982 Drugs--NA direction 0983 " --Pro legalization/decriminalization; soft-liner; (88) doesn't support (strongly enough) the war on drugs; not willing to do more to combat drug use/pushers; involvement with Noreiga 0984 " --Anti legalization/decriminalization; hard-liner; (88) supports the war on drugs; willing to do more to combat drug use/pushers ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES CONT'D. 0985 Abortion and birth control--NA direction 0986 " " " --Pro reform/legalization; new outlook 0987 " " " --Anti reform/legalization; traditional outlook 0988 Gun control--NA direction 0989 " " --Pro; controls 0990 " " --Anti; "everyone has the right to own a gun" 0991 Busing--NA direction 0992 " --Pro; against neighborhood school 0993 " --Anti; for neighborhood school 0994 Urban problem/Cities--NA direction 0995 " " " --Pro government aid/activity 0996 " " " --Anti government aid/activity Make 0997 Other domestic policy reasons Card 1001 National Health Insurance--NA direction 1002 " " " --Pro 1003 " " " --Anti 1004 Energy/Gas shortage--Development of alternative energy source, NA direction 1005 " " " --Pro development of alternative source, better/handled better; more fuel 1006 " " " --Anti development of alternative energy source, worse/handled worse; less fuel References to nuclear energy should be coded in 0959. 1007 Government plans to make more jobs--NA direction; make-work programs; CETA; WPAL; CCA 1008 " " " " --Pro 1009 " " " " --Anti 1010 Confidence/Trust in government--NA direction 1011 " " " --would handle better; restore confidence 1012 " " " --would handle worse; cause loss of confidence 1013 ERA; Women's rights--NA direction 1014 " " " --Pro 1015 " " " --Anti PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES CONT'D. 1016 Influx of political/economic refugees (Cubans, Haitians, Mexicans, etc.) --NA direction 1017 " " " --Pro 1018 " " " --Anti 1019 School prayer--NA direction 1020 " " --Pro 1021 " " --Anti 1022 Gay rights--NA direction 1023 " " --Pro 1024 " " --Anti 1025 Health--NA direction 1026 " --Pro government programs/aid for mentally ill, disabled, handicapped 1027 " --Anti " " " " " (except 0923, 0924, 0925) 1028 Space program--NA direction 1029 " " --Pro 1030 " " --Anti 1031 Help to/improvement in a specific industry or occupation--NA direction 1032 " " " " " -- Pro help/ improvement 1033 " " " " " -- Anti help/ improvement 1057 Spending on infrastructure (roads, bridges, etc) -- pro 1058 " " " " -- anti *1035 Polarization of classes/increasing gap between rich and poor- NA direction *1036 " " " " " -will stop trend/handle better *1037 " " " " " -will accelerate trend/handle better 1038 Day care--NA direction 1039 " " --favors/will expand or extend day care programs 1040 " " --opposes/will not expand or extend (will cut or eliminate) day care programs 1050 Family/maternity leave laws -- pro 1051 " " -- anti ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--DOMESTIC POLICIES CONT'D. 1041 Located after 0973 1042 Located after 0978 1043 Located after 0948 1044 Located after 0948 1045 Located after 0948 1046 Located after 0928 1047 Located after 0919 1048 Located after 0919 1049 Located after 0919 1050 Located after 1040 1051 Located after 1040 1052 Located after 0919 1053 Located after 0919 1054 Located after 0928 1055 Located after 0933 1056 Located after 0933 1057 Located after 1033 1058 Located after 1033 1059 Located after 0961 1060 Located after 0961 PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES Low 1101 General assessment of foreign ideas/policies/stands prior- (unspecified) ity if issues 1102 Foreign policies more clear-cut/decisive; less bungling men- 1103 Foreign policies less clear-cut/decisive; more bungling tioned 1104 Internationalist/Interested in other countries' problems/Interested in world role/Pro-UN and allies; Meddling in other people's problems 1105 Isolationist/America First/Fortress America/Would meddle less in other people's problems 1184 Military/Defense position/spending--NA direction or neutral (not 1106, 1107) 1106 Strong military position/Preparedness/Weapons systems/Pentagon spending/Overkill; SDI ("Star Wars") 1107 Weak military position/Pentagon spending cutbacks/No overkill/Reduce armed forces; SDI ("Star Wars") 1108 Cold-war oriented; opposed detente; international Communist- fighter 1109 Against cold war/Wants thaw/Detente/Understanding with international communists (if NA whether international, code in 0813-0814) 1110 Military aid to allies--NA direction 1111 " " " --Pro 1112 " " " --Anti 1113 Economic aid/Foreign aid/AID/Non-military aid--NA direction 1114 " " " " " " " --Pro 1115 " " " " " " " --Anti 1116 Located after 1163 1117 " " " 1118 Mideast--NA direction; any references to oil embargo; boycott of companies dealing with Israel; [1992] References to involvement in Iraq-gate/arming of Saddam Hussein 1119 " --handle better/more experience; positive comments about Arab-Israeli peace treaty 1120 " --handle worse/less experience; negative comments about Arab-Israeli peace treaty 1121 " --Pro-Israel/anti-Arabs 1122 " --Anti-Israel/pro-Arabs; wishy-washy on Israel ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES CONT'D. 1123 Red China--NA direction 1124 " " --handle better/more experience/doing well, better 1125 " " --handle worse/less experience/doing poorly 1126 " " --pro understanding/thaw/detente/new relationships/ recognition/admission to UN 1127 " " --anti understanding/thaw/detente/new relationships/ recognition/admission to UN; defender of Formosa/ Chaing/Nationalists 1128 Russia--NA direction 1129 " --handle better/more experience 1130 " --handle worse/less experience 1131 " --pro understanding/thaw/detente/broadening of relations; SALT II 1132 " --anti understanding/thaw/detente/broadening of relations; SALT II 1133 Eastern Europe--NA direction 1134 " " --handle better/more experience 1135 " " --handle worse/less experience 1136 " " --pro defense of Iron-Curtain countries 1137 " " --anti " " " 1301 Western Europe -- NA direction 1302 " " -- handling relations with European Community/specific countries well (better) 1303 " " " " badly (worse) 1138 Latin America--NA direction 1139 " " --handle better/more experience 1140 " " --handle worse/less experience 1141 " " --pro-third world posture; reach understanding with Castro/Chile/neutrals; anti-colonialism/European powers; against Contra aid/pro-Sandinista 1142 " " --anti-third world posture; hard anti- communism/anti-revolutionary policy; pro-colonialism/European powers; pro Contra aid/anti-Sandinista *1198 (Involvement in) Diversion of money to the Contras (in violation of the law) 1143 Africa--NA direction 1144 " --handle better/more experience 1145 " --handle worse/less experience 1146 " --pro-third world posture; reach understanding with leftists/neutrals; anti-colonialism/European powers 1147 " --anti-third world posture; hard anti-communism/anti- revolutionary policy; pro-colonialism/European powers ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES CONT'D. 1148 Asia/India--NA direction 1149 " " --handle better/more experience 1150 " " --handle worse/less experience 1151 " " --pro India/Bangladesh 1152 " " --pro Pakistan 1153 Located after 1163 1154 " " " 1155 " " " 1156 " " " 1157 Vietnam/Indochina/Southeast Asia--NA direction 1158 " " " " --better chance for peace 1159 " " " " --poorer chance for peace; failed to end war 1160 " " " " --pro military victory/ preservation of Saigon regime 1161 " " " " --anti military victory/ willing to sacrifice Thieu/Ky; favoring withdrawal 1163 " " --will bring policy change (unspecified) 1116 Trouble spots (not specifically coded)--would handle better (Panama, Afghanistan, Persian Gulf) 1117 " " " " " --would handle worse (Panama, Afghanistan, Persian Gulf) 1162 (88) The invasion of Grenada 1300 (91) The Persian Gulf war/ Desert Storm 1153 Would raise American prestige 1154 Would lower American prestige; not maintain American prestige 1155 Would have better chance for peace (unspecified); not get us into trouble abroad 1156 Would have poorer chance for peace (unspecified); get us into war/trouble abroad 1164 Tariffs--NA direction 1165 " --Pro free trade/reduce tariffs; would not protect US labor from foreign competition 1166 " --Anti free trade; for high tariffs; would protect US labor from foreign competition ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES CONT'D. *1196 Foreign trade/balance of payments deficit--any mention 1167 Trade with communists--NA direction 1168 " " --Pro 1169 " " --Anti 1170 Draft--NA direction 1171 " --Pro volunteer army/abolition of peacetime draft 1172 " --Anti volunteer army; for peacetime draft 1173 " --Pro amnesty/pardon 1174 " --Anti amnesty/draft dodgers/pardon 1178 Amnesty--NA direction 1175 POW-MIA--Will get prisoners back, will not abandon them 1176 POW-MIA--Will not get prisoners back, will abandon them 1177 POW-MIA--NA direction 1178 Located after 1174 1179 Did a good job of getting the boys/country out of Vietnam war; got us out of Vietnam 1180 Should have won Vietnam war; gave too much away and then pulled out 1181 Secrecy/deception in U.S. foreign policy; shuttle diplomacy; Kissinger's foreign policy (1976) -NA direction 1182 " " " " --Pro 1183 " " " " --Anti 1184 Located after 1105 1185 Priorities in military/defense spending (not reduction or increase but allocation of existing defense budget--Pro 1186 Priorities in military/defense spending (not reduction or increase but allocation of existing defense budget--Anti 1187 Iranian crisis; American hostages (1980)/Arms sale (1986) --NA direction 1188 " " " " --has handled well/would handle better 1189 " " " " --has handled poorly/would handle worse 1190 Nuclear freeze/Disarmament--NA direction 1191 " " " --Pro 1192 " " " --Anti ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--FOREIGN POLICIES CONT'D. 1193 Terrorism; dealings with terrorists; hostages (except 1187- 1189)-- NA direction; (88)Bombing of Libya 1194 " " " -- has handled/would handle better; (88) Bombing of Libya/handling of Khadafy 1195 " " " -- has handled/would handle worse; (88) Bombing of Libya/handling of Khadafy *1196 Located after 1166 ? Make 1197 Other foreign policy reasons Card *1198 Located after 1142 1199 Iran-Contra affair--NFS (NA whether 1187 or 1198) PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GROUP CONNECTIONS 1201 Special interests/Privileged people/Influential--Pro 1202 " " " " --Anti 1203 "People like me"--pro, NA whether 1205, 1206 1204 " " " --anti, " " " " 1205 Common man/People/Little people/Working people--Pro 1206 " " " " --Anti 1207 Labor/Unions/Labor bosses/Racketeers--Pro 1208 " " " " --Anti 1209 Big Business/Corporate rich/The rich individuals/People with power/Wall Street/Industry/Upper classes--Pro 1210 (Same as 1209) --Anti 1211 Small businessman--Pro 1212 " " --Anti 1213 White collar workers/Salaried people/Middle class--Pro 1214 " " " " --Anti 1215 Farmers/Country people--Pro 1216 " " --Anti 1217 Blacks/Black people/Negroes--Pro 1218 " " " --Anti 1219 People on welfare/ADC mothers/"Chiselers"--Pro 1220 " " " " --Anti 1221 Old people/Senior citizens--Pro 1222 " " " --Anti 1223 Young people/Kids/"Freaks"/Hippies--Pro 1224 " " " " " --Anti 1225 Women/Feminists/Women's Liberationists, "sexists"--Pro 1226 " " " " " --Anti 1227 Veterans/Servicemen--Pro 1228 " " --Anti 1229 Ethnic or racial group (exc. 1217-1218); Minority groups - NA composition--Pro 1230 " " " --Anti 1231 Section of the country--Pro 1232 " " --Anti ? PARTY OR CANDIDATE--GROUP CONNECTIONS CONT'D. 1233 Poor people/needy people/the unemployed -- Pro 1234 " " " " -- Anti 1235 Civil servants--Pro 1236 " " --Anti Make 1297 Other group connection reasons Card 1300 Located after 1162 1301 Located after 1137 1302 Located after 1137 1303 Located after 1137 EVENTS UNIQUE TO ONE CAMPAIGN 5001 [1992] Perot quit the race/is a quitter - NFS 5002 [1992] Because Perot quit the race he is not trustworthy/dependable/steadfast (enough); he let down his supporters 5003 [1992] Because Perot quit the race and then re-entered it he is indecisive/inconsistent/not stable (enough); mentions of re-entering the race after have left it - NFS 5004 [1992] Perot is not a serious candidate MISSING DATA CODES 9001 R has been influenced by spouse 9002 R has been influenced by someone else 9996 Refused to say Make 9997 Other miscellaneous Card 9998 DK 9999 NA 0000 Inap, no further mentions >> VII.B. CAMPAIGN ISSUES MASTER CODE 001. "Domestic issues" 006. Child care; DAY CARE; child support 045. ABORTION; any reference 010. UNEMPLOYMENT, jobs, retraining -- general or national 011. Unemployment, lack of jobs in specific area/region/state/industry 012. More help for the unemployed 020. EDUCATION -- any mention, including quality of schools, cost of college, students not learning anything 030. AGED/ELDERLY -- any mention, including Social Security, Medicare, eldercare. 040. HEALTH PROBLEMS -- quality of medical care, cost of medical care, availability of medical care, catastrophic health insurance (except AIDS, code 048) 048. AIDS 050. HOUSING -- providing housing for the poor, the homeless, young people can't buy homes, any mention. 055. INFRASTRUCTURE -- Build/maintain roads, bridges, railroads, mass transit systems; transportation - NFS ? "Poverty" has the general thrust of helping the underprivileged; the "welfare" code 090 may have connotation of undeserving people on welfare. Thus, do more for poor people on welfare is a 60 rather than 90. WELFARE -- NFS, is a 090. 060. POVERTY; aid to poor, underprivileged people; help for the (truly) needy; general reference to anti-poverty programs; hunger/help for hungry people 090. SOCIAL WELFARE; "Welfare"; the welfare mess, too many undeserving on welfare Make 099. OTHER SPECIFIC MENTIONS OF DOMESTIC ISSUES Card 100. Problems of the FARMERS; farm bankruptcies, poor prices for crops, effects of the drought 150. Protecting the ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION, the ozone layer, the greenhouse effect. 151. Controlling/REGULATING GROWTH or land development; banning further growth/development in crowded or ecologically sensitive areas; preserving natural areas 154. TOXIC WASTE, RADIOACTIVE WASTE 160. Need to develop ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES ? Make 199. Other specific mentions of AGRICULTURE or problems Card ENVIRONMENT 300. CIVIL RIGHTS/RACIAL PROBLEMS; affirmative action programs; relations between blacks and whites 310. WOMEN'S ISSUES -- ERA, equal pay for equal work, maternity leave (except day care, code 006) 320. DRUGS -- extent of drug use in U.S; "WAR ON DRUGS"; drugs- NFS; ALCOHOLISM, any mention 321. DRUGS -- stopping drugs from coming into this country 340. CRIME/VIOLENCE; streets aren't safe; respect for police; releasing criminals early; not enough jails; death penalty 367. GUN CONTROL - all mentions 370. EXTREMIST GROUPS/TERRORISTS 380. General mention of MORALITY/TRADITIONAL VALUES; sex, bad language, pornography, teenage pregnancy 381. Specific mention of FAMILY VALUES - latchkey children, divorce; unwed mothers, working mothers 382. Homosexual/gay rights; gays in the military [code 048 for mentions of AIDS) 384. RELIGION (too mixed up in) and politics; prayer in schools Make 399. OTHER MENTION of race, public order, morality Card 400. INFLATION, high prices, cost of living 405. WAGES TOO LOW; minimum wage 408. Recession/Depression in specific industries, states or regions - slump in OIL/STEEL/AUTO INDUSTRY, etc. (except farm, code 101); hard times in this REGION or area 410. RECESSION; DEPRESSION, hard times -- no specific locale or industry 415. THE DEFICIT; BALANCING THE BUDGET; cutting government spending 416. TAXES -- any reference; tax reform 425. TOO MANY IMPORTS -- protectionism, competition, outsourcing, problems of auto industry relating to foreign competition; U.S. makes (too) few exports; (high) tariffs imposed by other nations; free trade; GATT 427. VALUE OF THE DOLLAR -- strengthening or weakening 428. STOCK MARKETS; investments; interest rates 440. CLASS ORIENTED ECONOMIC CONCERNS -- middle class getting squeezed; big business too powerful 453. Solvency/stability/regulation/control of the nation's FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. [1990] Savings and Loan scandals 460. IMMIGRATION 491. ECONOMICS, THE ECONOMY 493. BALANCE OF TRADE; balance of payments; foreign oil dependency (except supply of oil, see 524) ? Make 499. OTHER MENTION of economic, business or labor problems Card 500. FOREIGN POLICY; FOREIGN AFFAIRS 514. LATIN AMERICA, Central America, AID TO CONTRAS (reference to IRAN-CONTRA coded 816) 516. AFRICA -- starving people, overpopulation 517. SOUTH AFRICA -- Apartheid 524. MIDDLE EAST -- Iran hostages, Persian Gulf, supply of mid-east oil (except oil dependency, see 493) 530. RUSSIA -- relations with, arms talks, detente; summit, etc. 540. FIRMNESS in foreign policy 550. U.S. military involvement abroad 560. FOREIGN AID; amount of money given to foreign countries; obligation to take care of our problems at home first 570. AVOID WAR, establish PEACE -- any reference 700. DEFENSE (SPENDING); the military; quality/cost of weapons 710. NUCLEAR ARMS RACE -- disarmament, SALT, INF, threat of nuclear war; arms control 712. STAR WARS 714. SPACE PROGRAM 810. Honesty, sincerity of government officials; corruption 811. Honesty, sincerity of candidates in general; e.g., "just making promises," "saying whatever it takes to get elected" 812. Candidates are just talking (negatively) about each other, MUD SLINGING 813. How well incumbent represents/candidate would REPRESENT THIS DISTRICT 814. Congressperson's personal life/morality 815. Candidate's ABILITY/EXPERIENCE 816. Candidate's (voting) RECORD 817. PRESIDENT BUSH 818. BUSH and the IRAN-CONTRA affair 819. IRAN-CONTRA affair, mess, scandal, IRAN ARMS DEAL, without reference to Bush 850. Which party will control the House of Representatives; other partisan mentions 851. Need for change/new blood/fresh ideas in Congress; term limits for members of Congress 876. PHILOSOPHICAL DIFFERENCES between the candidates - liberal vs. conservative views; balance of authority between state and federal government; etc. 900. A local issue or concern -- the college, the dam, the auto- insurance initiative, the leak in our nuclear plant 995. "There were no issues" (except 996); just party politics 996. "There was no campaign in my district" ? Make 997. OTHER SPECIFIC MENTIONS OF CAMPAIGN ISSUES Card 998. DK 999. NA >> VII.C. CONGRESSIONAL LEADERSHIP CODE (1990 only) 1990 SENATE ELECTION STUDY CONGRESSIONAL LEADERSHIP CODE 10. House/Senate officer -- not further specified 11. House/Senate officer -- title specified 20. Chairman of committee/subcommittee -- not further specified 21. Chairman of committee/subcommittee -- committee specified 30. Member of committee/subcommittee -- not further specified 31. Member of committee/subcommittee -- committee specified 40. Member of unofficial House/Senate group or caucus -- not further specified 41. Member of unofficial House/Senate group or caucus - group/caucus specified 50. References to Representative's/Senator's seniority 90. Mentions of Representative's/Senator's position on issue(s) 97. Other 98. DK 99. NA; No, None 00. Inap >> VII.D. ELECTIVE OFFICE CODE (1990 only) 1990 SENATE ELECTION STUDY ELECTIVE OFFICE CODE LOCAL 10. Local Office - not further specified 11. Local Office - Other 12. City Office - not further specified 13. City Office - Other 14. County Office - not further specified 15. County Office - Other 16. Mayor 17. City Council 18. County Commissioner 19. County Sheriff 20. County Clerk STATE 30. State Office - not further specified 31. State Office - Other 32. State Legislature - not further specified 33. State Representative 34. State Senator 35. Secretary of State 36. Lt. Governor 37. Governor FEDERAL 50. Federal Office - not further specified 51. Federal Office - Other 52. U.S. Legislature - not further specified 53. U.S. House of Representatives 54. U.S. Senate LEGAL 70. Judge - not further specified 71. Judge - Federal 72. County Attorney 73. District Attorney 74. Public Defender 75. State Attorney General OTHER LEGISLATIVE 80. Legislature - House/Senate and Federal/State unspecified 81. Representative - Federal/State unspecified 82. Senator - Federal/State unspecified 97. Other 98. DK 99. NA 00. Inap >> VII.E. RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE MASTER CODE GENERAL PROTESTANT 010. Protestant, no denomination given 020. Non-denominational Protestant 030. Community church 040. Inter-denominational Protestant 099. Christian (NFS); "just Christian" ADVENTIST 100. 7th Day Adventist 102. Fundamentalist Adventist (Worldwide Church of God) 109. Adventist (NFS) ANGLICAN 110. Episcopalian; Anglican BAPTIST 120. American Baptist Association 121. American Baptist Churches U.S.A. (inaccurately known as "Northern Baptist") 122. Baptist Bible Fellowship 123. Baptist General Conference 124. Baptist Missionary Association of America 125. Conservative Baptist Association of America 126. General Association of Regular Baptist Churches (G.A.R.B.) 127. National Association of Free Will Baptists 128. Primitive Baptists 129. National Baptist Convention in the U.S.A.* 130. National Baptist Convention of America* 131. National Primitive Baptist Convention of the U.S.A.* 132. Progressive National Baptist Convention* 133. United Free-Will Baptist Church 134. Reformed Baptist (Calvinist) 135. Southern Baptist Convention 147. Fundamental Baptist (no denom. ties) 148. Local (independent) Baptist churches with no denominational ties or links to a national fellowship 149. Baptist (NFS) CONGREGATIONAL 150. United Church of Christ (Congregational, Evangelical and Reformed) 151. Congregational Christian EUROPEAN FREE CHURCH (ANABAPTISTS) 160. Church of the Brethren 161. Brethren (NFS) 162. Mennonite Church 163. Moravian Church 164. Old Order Amish 165. Quakers (Friends) 166. Evangelical Covenant Church (not Anabaptist in tradition) 167. Evangelical Free Church (not Anabaptist in tradition) 170. Mennonite Brethren 186. Brethren in Christ HOLINESS 180. Christian and Missionary Alliance (CMA) 181. Church of God (Anderson, IN) 182. Church of the Nazarene 183. Free Methodist Church 184. Salvation Army 185. Wesleyan Church 199. Holiness (NFS); Church of God (NFS), R not or NA whether R Pentecostal or Charismatic INDEPENDENT-FUNDAMENTALIST 200. Plymouth Brethren 201. Independent Fundamentalist Churches of America 219. Independent-Fundamentalist (NFS) LUTHERAN 220. Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (formerly Lutheran Church in America and The American Lutheran Church); ELCA 221. Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod; LC-MS 222. Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod; WELS 223. Other Conservative Lutheran 229. Lutheran (NFS) METHODIST 230. United Methodist Church; Evangelical United Brethren 231. African Methodist Episcopal Church* 232. African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church* 233. Christian Methodist Episcopal Church* 249. Methodist (NFS) PENTECOSTAL 250. Assemblies of God 251. Church of God (Cleveland, TN) 252. Church of God (Huntsville, AL) 253. International Church of the Four Square Gospel 254. Pentecostal Church of God 255. Pentecostal Holiness Church 256. United Pentecostal Church International 257. Church of God in Christ (incl. NA whether 258)* 258. Church of God in Christ (International)* 260. Church of God of the Apostolic Faith 268. Spanish Pentecostal 269. Pentecostal (NFS); Church of God (NFS), R not or NA whether R Pentecostal or Charismatic PRESBYTERIAN 270. Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. 271. Cumberland Presbyterian Church 272. Presbyterian Church in American (PCA) 275. Evangelical Presbyterian 279. Presbyterian (NFS) REFORMED 280. Christian Reformed Church (inaccurately known as "Dutch Reformed") 281. Reformed Church in America 282. Free Hungarian Reformed Church 289. Reformed (NFS) RESTORATIONIST 290. Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) 291. Christian Churches and Churches of Christ 292. Churches of Christ; "Church of Christ" (NFS) 293. Christian Congregation NON-TRADITIONAL PROTESTANTS 300. Christian Scientists 301. Mormons; Latter Day Saints 302. Spiritualists 303. Unitarian; Universalist 304. Jehovah's Witnesses 305. Unity; Unity Church; Christ Church Unity 309. Non-traditional Protestant (NFS) ROMAN CATHOLIC 400. Roman Catholic JEWISH 500. Jewish, no preference 501. Orthodox 502. Conservative 503. Reformed EASTERN ORTHODOX (GREEK RITE CATHOLIC) 700. Greek Rite Catholic 701. Greek Orthodox 702. Russian Orthodox 703. Rumanian Orthodox 704. Serbian Orthodox 705. Syrian Orthodox 706. Armenian Orthodox 707. Georgian Orthodox 708. Ukranian Orthodox 719. Eastern Orthodox (NFS) NON-CHRISTIAN/NON-JEWISH 720. Muslim; Mohammedan; Islam 721. Buddhist 722. Hindu 723. Bahai 724. American Indian Religions (Native American Religions) 729. Other non-Christian/non-Jewish 790. Religious/ethical cults OTHER/NO RELIGION/MISSING DATA 800. Agnostics 801. Atheists 995. None, no preference 997. Other 998. DK 999. NA 000. Inap, 3-4 in FS3 * = Predominantly Black >> VIII. Master Codes - Contextual Data Variables >> VIII.A. Contextual Seat #1/#2 Senators (1988-90 merged) and candidate/incumbent Unique Name Codes (1988-90-92 pooled) 1988-90 Merged Senate Election Study Senator Name Codes Seat # 1 Senator Seat # 2 Senator Alabama 1. Howell Heflin 2. Richard Shelby Alaska 5. Ted Stevens 6. Frank Murkowski Arizona 9. Dennis DeConcini 10. John McCain Arkansas 13. David Pryor 14. Dale Bumpers California 16. Pete Wilson (88,90) 17. Alan Cranston 19. John Seymour (92) Colorado 23. William Armstrong(88,90) 24. Timothy Wirth 28. Hank Brown (92) Connecticut 29. Lowell Weicker (88) 30. Christopher Dodd 31. Joseph Lieberman (90,92) Delaware 33. William Roth 34. Joe Biden Florida 37. Lawton Chiles (88) 38. Bob Graham 39. Connie Mack (90,92) Georgia 42. Sam Nunn 43. Wyche Fowler Hawaii 45. Spark Matsunaga (88) 46. Daniel Inouye 47. Daniel Akaka (90,92) Idaho 51. James McClure 52. Steven Symms Illinois 57. Paul Simon 58. Alan Dixon Seat # 1 Senator Seat # 2 Senator Indiana 62. Richard Lugar 63. Daniel Quayle ('88) 64. Dan Coats (90,92) Iowa 68. Tom Harkin 69. Charles Grassley Kansas 72. Nancy L. Kassebaum 73. Bob Dole Kentucky 76. Mitch McConnell 77. Wendell Ford Louisiana 80. J. Bennett Johnston 81. John Breaux Maine 84. George Mitchell 85. William Cohen Maryland 88. Paul Sarbanes 89. Barbara Mikulski Massachusetts 91. Edward Kennedy 92. John Kerry Michigan 95. Donald Riegle 96. Carl Levin Minnesota 99. David Durenberger 100. Rudy Boschwitz (88,90) 102. Paul Wellstone (92) Mississippi 103. John Stennis (88) 104. Thad Cochran 105. Trent Lott (90,92) Missouri 107. John Danforth 108. Kit Bond Montana 111. John Melcher (88) 112. Max Baucus 113. Conrad Burns (90,92) Nebraska 115. David Karns (88) 116. Jim Exon 117. Robert Kerrey (90,92) Seat # 1 Senator Seat # 2 Senator Nevada 119. Chick Hecht (88) 120. Harry Reid 121. Richard Bryan (90,92) New Hampshire 123. Gordon Humphrey (88,90) 124. Warren Rudman 126. Robert Smith (92) New Jersey 129. Frank Lautenberg 130. Bill Bradley New Mexico 133. Jeff Bingaman 134. Pete Domenici New York 137. Daniel P. Moynihan 138. Alphonse D'Amato North Carolina 141. Jesse Helms 142. Terry Sanford North Dakota 145. Quentin Burdick 146. Kent Conrad Ohio 151. Howard Metzenbaum 152. John Glenn Oklahoma 155. David Boren 156. Don Nickles Oregon 159. Mark Hatfield 160. Bob Packwood Pennsylania 163. John Heinz (88,90) 164. Arlen Specter 167. Harris Wofford (92) Rhode Island 168. John Chafee 169. Claiborne Pell South Carolina 172. Strom Thurmond 173. Fritz Hollings South Dakota 176. Larry Pressler 177. Tom Daschle Tennessee 180. Jim Sasser 181. Al Gore Texas 184. Lloyd Bentsen 185. Phil Gramm Utah 188. Orrin Hatch 189. Jake Garn Vermont 193. J. Stafford (88) 194. Patrick Leahy 195. James Jeffords (90,92) Virginia 198. Paul Tribble (88) 199. John Warner 200. Charles Robb (90,92) Washington 202. J. Evans (88) 203. Brock Adams 204. Slade Gorton (90,92) West Virginia 208. Robert Byrd 209. Jay Rockefeller Wisconsin 212. Will. Proxmire (88) 213. Bob Kasten 214. Herbert Kohl (90,92) Wyoming 217. Malcolm Wallop 218. Alan Simpson SENATOR AND CANDIDATE UNIQUE NAME LIST Alabama 1. Howell Heflin 2. Richard Shelby 3. Bill Cabaniss 4. Richard Sellers Alaska 5. Ted Stevens 6. Frank Murkowski 7. Michael Beasley 8. Tony Smith Arizona 9. Dennis DeConcini 10. John McCain 11. Keith DeGreen 12. Claire Sargent Arkansas 13. David Pryor 14. Dale Bumpers 15. Mike Huckabee California 16. Pete Wilson 17. Alan Cranston 18. Leo McCarthy 19. John Seymour 20. Dianne Feinstein 21. Barbara Boxer 22. Bruce Herschensohn Colorado 23. William Armstrong 24. Timothy Wirth 25. Josie Heath 26. Ben Nighthorse Campbell 27. Terry Considine 28. Hank Brown Connecticut 29. Lowell Weicker 30. Christopher Dodd 31. Joseph Lieberman 32. Brooks Johnson Delaware 33. William Roth 34. Joe Biden 35. S.B. Woo 36. M. Jane Brady Florida 37. Lawton Chiles 38. Bob Graham 39. Connie Mack 40. Buddy MacKay 41. Bill Grant Georgia 42. Sam Nunn 43. Wyche Fowler 44. Paul Coverdell Hawaii 45. Spark Matsunaga 46. Daniel Inouye 47. Daniel Akaka 48. Maria Hustace 49. Patricia Saiki 50. Richard Reed Idaho 51. James McClure 52. Steven Symms 53. Ron Twilegar 54. Larry Craig 55. Richard Stallings 56. Dirk Kempthorne Illinois 57. Paul Simon 58. Alan Dixon 59. Lynn Martin 60. Carol Moseley Braun 61. Richard Williamson Indiana 62. Richard Lugar 63. Daniel Quayle 64. Dan Coats 65. Jack Wickes 66. Baron Hill 67. Joseph Hogsett Iowa 68. Tom Harkin 69. Charles Grassley 70. Tom Tauke 71. Jean Lloyd-Jones Kansas 72. Nancy Landon Kassebaum 73. Bob Dole 74. Dick Williams 75. Gloria O'Dell Kentucky 76. Mitch McConnell 77. Wendell Ford 78. Harvey Sloane 79. David Williams Louisiana 80. J. Bennett Johnston 81. John Breaux 82. David Duke 83. Lyle Stockstill Maine 84. George Mitchell 85. William Cohen 86. Jasper "Jack" Wyman 87. Neil Rolde Maryland 88. Paul Sarbanes 89. Barbara Mikulski 90. Alan Keyes Massachusetts 91. Edward Kennedy 92. John Kerry 93. Joseph Malone 94. Jim Rappaport Michigan 95. Donald Riegle 96. Carl Levin 97. Jim Dunn 98. Bill Schuette Minnesota 99. David Durenberger 100. Rudy Boschwitz 101. Hubert "Skip" Humphrey 102. Paul Wellstone Mississippi 103. John Stennis 104. Thad Cochran 105. Trent Lott 106. Wayne Dowdy Missouri 107. John Danforth 108. Kit Bond 109. Jeremiah "Jay" Nixon 110. Geri Rothman-Serot Montana 111. John Melcher 112. Max Baucus 113. Conrad Burns 114. Allen Kolstad Nebraska 115. David Karns 116. Jim Exon 117. Robert Kerrey 118. Hal Daub Nevada 119. Chick Hecht 120. Harry Reid 121. Richard Bryan 122. Demar Dahl New Hampshire 123. Gordon Humphrey 124. Warren Rudman 125. John Durkin 126. Robert Smith 127. John Rauh 128. Judd Gregg New Jersey 129. Frank Lautenberg 130. Bill Bradley 131. Peter Dawkins 132. Christine Todd Whitman New Mexico 133. Jeff Bingaman 134. Pete Domenici 135. Bill Valentine 136. Tom Benavides New York 137. Daniel P. "Pat" Moynihan 138. Alphonse D'Amato 139. Robert McMillan 140. Robert Abrams North Carolina 141. Jesse Helms 142. Terry Sanford 143. Harvey Gantt 144. Duncan "Lauch" Faircloth North Dakota 145. Quentin Burdick 146. Kent Conrad 147. Earl Strinden 148. Byron Dorgan 149. Steven Sydness 150. Jocelyn Burdick Ohio 151. Howard Metzenbaum 152. John Glenn 153. George Voinovich 154. Michael Dewine Oklahoma 155. David Boren 156. Don Nickles 157. Stephen Jones 158. Stephen Lewis Oregon 159. Mark Hatfield 160. Bob Packwood 161. Harry Lonsdale 162. Les Aucoin Pennsylvania 163. John Heinz 164. Arlen Specter 165. Joseph Vignola 166. Lynn Hardy Yeakel 167. Harris Wofford Rhode Island 168. John Chafee 169. Claiborne Pell 170. Richard Licht 171. Claudine Schneider South Carolina 172. Strom Thurmond 173. Fritz Hollings 174. Bob Cunningham 175. Thomas Hartnett South Dakota 176. Larry Pressler 177. Tom Daschle 178. Ted Muenster 179. Charlene Haar Tennessee 180. Jim Sasser 181. Al Gore 182. Bill Anderson 183. William Hawkins Texas 184. Lloyd Bentsen 185. Phil Gramm 186. Beau Bolter 187. Hugh Parmer Utah 188. Orrin Hatch 189. Jake Garn 190. Brian Moss 191. Wayne Owens 192. Robert Bennett Vermont 193. J. Stafford 194. Patrick Leahy 195. James Jeffords 196. Bill Gray 197. James Douglas Virginia 198. Paul Tribble 199. John Warner 200. Charles Robb 201. Maurice Dawkins Washington 202. J. Evans 203. Brock Adams 204. Slade Gorton 205. Mike Lowry 206. Patty Murray 207. Rod Chandler West Virginia 208. Robert Byrd 209. John "Jay" Rockefeller 210. Jay Wolfe 211. John Yoder Wisconsin 212. William Proxmire 213. Bob Kasten 214. Herbert Kohl 215. Susan Engeleiter 216. Russell Feingold Wyoming 217. Malcolm Wallop 218. Alan Simpson 219. John Vinich 220. Kathy Hellig >> VIII.B. DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN MANAGERS (1988, 1992) Democratic Campaign Managers - 1988 1. Joe Andrew 2. Larry Benoit 3. Bill Bible 4. R. Charles Bocken 5. Michelle Carrier 6. James Carville 7. Bernard Craighead 8. Gene Davis 9. Michael Davis 10. Greg Farmer 11. Kevin Gottlieb 12. Doug Hall 13. Peter Harris 14. Paul Johnson 15. Larry Kamer 16. Rose Kapolcynski 17. Kara & Ted Kennedy 18. Ross Keys 19. Jack Markell 20. Jack Martin 21. Bob Maynes 22. Blaine Michael 23. Kelly Moran 24. Liz Moynihan 25. Martin O'Rourke 26. Dean Pittman 27. Ron Richards 28. Gary Robinson 29. Joe Tessmer 30. Netti Vogel 31. Patrick Von Bargen 32. Sherry Weady 98. Inap: no senate race in the state 99. NA Dem. Campaign Managers, 1992 16. Rose Kapolcynski (CA1) 33. Tess Banion (KS) 34. John Burke (NY) 35. Kevin Burtzleaff (OH) 36. Mary Beth Cahill (OR) 37. Christopher Close (IN) 38. Trisha Coates (VT) 39. Lamar Cotten (AK) 40. Nate Coulter (AR) 41. Bob De Cheine (WI) 42. Eva Gladstein (PA) 43. Jay Haks (FL) 44. Palmer Hamilton (AL) 45. Ellen Huntoon-King (IA) 46. Bill Johnstone (GA) 47. Dave Jones (UT) 48. Kam Kawuta (CA2) 49. Jay Marlin (OK) 50. Kgosie Matthews (IL) 51. Maggie McIntosh (MD) 52. Tom Mullikin (SC) 53. Terri New (MO) 54. Mark O'Hara (AZ) 55. David Parker (NC) 56. Teresa Pursell (WA) 57. Mary Rauh (NH) 58. Norma Jane Sabiston (LA) 59. Billy Sublett (ID) 60. Donna Tanoue (HI) 61. Michael Troop (KY) 62. Bob Valeu (ND) 63. Richard Weiland (SD) 64. Larry Werner (NV) 65. Sherie Wolf (CO) >> VIII.C. DEMOCRATIC CONSULTANTS/POLLSTERS (1988-90-92) Democratic Consulants/Pollsters, 1988/90/92 1. Analysis Group, Inc.* 2. Bannon Research, Inc. 3. Behavior Research Center, Inc. 4. Campaign Group, Inc. 5. Concept Associates, Inc. 6. Cooper & Secrest Associates, Inc. 7. Doak, Shrum & Associates, Inc. 8. Garin-Hart Strategic Research, Inc. 9. Greer, Margolis, Mitchell, [Grunwald,] and Associates 10. Hamilton, Frederick & Schneiders 11. Harrison & Goldberg, Inc. 13. Hickman-(Maslin)-[Brown] Research, Inc. 14. Michael Kaye & Associates, Inc. 15. Marttila & Kiley 16. Mellman & Lazarus, Inc. 17. Myers Advertising, Inc. 18. Penn & Schoen Associates, Inc. 19. Rothstein and Co., Inc. 21. Sawyer/Miller Group 22. Spruill & Hicks, Inc. 23. Squier-Eskew-[Knapp-Ochs] Communications, Inc. 24. Raymond D. Strother, Ltd. 25. Joe Slade White Communications, Inc. 26. Axelrod Associates 27. John Franzen Multimedia 28. Mandate 29. Daniel B. Payne & Co. 30. Struble Totten Communications 31. American Viewpoint 32. Coyle, McConnell & O'Brien 33. Donilon & Petts 34. Greenberg-Lake 35. Richard Jensen 36. Kitchens & Associates 37. Joe Peritz & Associates. 38. Austin-Sheinkopf Ltd. 39. Bruce Bell & Associates 40. Bennet, Petts 41. Thomas Cook & Associates 42. Dittman Research Group 43. Eichenbaum/Hemke & Associates 44. Evans/McDonough Co. Inc. 45. Hinkle Advertising Inc. 46. Fairbank, Maullin & Associates 47. Greenberg-Lake/The Analysis Group, Inc. (formerly 1 and 34) 48. Kaplan Advertising & Production Inc. 49. Paul Kinney Productions 50. ranzler Kingsley (w. Struble Totten) 51. Michael Kaye & Associates Inc. 52. Kielhorn & Associates 53. Kirincich & Feld 54. McKinnon Media 55. Morris & Carrick 56. Marie Reiko Public Relations 57. Research/Strategy/Management Inc. 58. Shea & Associates 59. Shorr & Associates Inc. 60. Southeast Research (w. Penn & Schoen) 61. Strother-Duffy-Strother Ltd. 62. Trippi, McMahon & Squier >> VIII.D. REPUBLICAN CAMPAIGN MANAGERS (1988, 1992) Republican Campaign Managers - 1988 1. Melinda Allen 2. Mitch Bainwol 3. Jo Anne Barnhart 4. Otto Bos 5. Tim Carpenter 6. James Conrad 7. Elwood English 8. Terry Evans 9. Tom Frazier 10. Doug Fuller 11. Doug Goodyear 12. Greg Grazes 13. John Hall 14. Joe Hanson 15. Pat Killian 16. Byra Kite 17. Bill Kristol 18. Keith Lang 19. Michael Mahoney 20. Jay Malcynski 21. Chip Mann 22. Chris McCarthy 23. Mike McGavick 24. Tom Moore 25. Marty Morris 26. Leon Oistad 27. Kevin Pifer 28. Okey Richards 29. Bud Scruggs 30. Lou Silverstein 31. Diana Welch 32. George White 98. Inap: no senate race in the state 99. NA Republican Campaign Managers - 1992 33. Lon Anderson (SD) 34. David Ayres (MO) 35. Judy Butler (WA) 36. Terry Campbell (NV) 37. Curtis Coleman (AR) 38. Richard Frias (HI) 39. Elaine Franklin (OR) 40. Mike Glassner (KS) 41. Wes Gullett (AZ) 42. Bob Haus (IA) 43. Ken Kachigian (CA1) 44. Mark Maddox (ND) 45. Joe Maiola (NH) 46. Kiernan Mahoney (NY) 47. Richarde McBride (CA2) 48. Bill McConkey (AK) 49. Brose McVey (IN) 50. Patrick Meehan (PA) 51. Tim Meyer (IL) 52. Todd Parks (VT) 53. Tom Perdue (GA) 54. Richard Pinsky (FL) 55. John Preyer (NC) 56. Phil Reberger (ID) 57. Richard Sellers (AL) 58. Curt Steiner (OH) 59. Michael Tullis (UT) 60. Dick Waldhams (CO) 61. Steve Watson (CT) 62. Paul Welday (WI) 63. Susan Wickleim (MD) 64. Joe Wilson (SC) >> VIII.E. REPUBLICAN CONSULTANTS/POLLSTERS (1992 only) Republican Consultants/Pollsters, 1992 5. Dresner, Sykes, Jordan & Townshend, Inc. 7. Arthur J. Finkelstein & Associates, Inc. 8. Garth Group, Inc. 9. Robert Goodman Agency, Inc. 16. Moore Information, Inc. 18. Chris Mottola, Inc. 22. River Bank, Inc. 26. Sandler-Innocenzi, Inc. 27. Sipple: Strategic Communications, Inc. 28. Lance Tarrance Group 32. Research/Strategy/Management (RSM) Inc. 40. The Media Team 41. National Media, Inc. 44. Stuart Stevens 45. American Viewpoint 47. Dittman Research 49. Market Strategies, Inc. 50. IN-HOUSE 52. Ayres & Associates 53. Beam Group 54. Camrac Corp. 55. Colorado Media Group, w. Klein & Associates 56. Combs & Heathcott, Inc. 57. Fabrizio, McLaughlin & Associates 58. Fabrizio, McLaughlin & Associates, w. Dittman Research Corp. 59. Fabrizio, McLaughlin & Associates, w. PEM Management, Inc. 61. Richard Frias 62. Hill Research Consultants 63. Image Associates, w. Target Enterprises Ltd. 64. Market Strategies, Inc. 65. Multi Media Services, Inc., w. Richard Quinn & Associates 66. Russo Marsh & Associates, Inc. 67. Media Team, w. Target Enterprises Ltd. 68. Mike Murphy Media 69. O'Neil Griffin & Associates 70. PEM Management, Inc. 71. Profit Marketing & Communications, w. Stuart Stevens Group. 72. Public Opinion Strategies 73. Research/Strategy/Management (RSM), Inc., w. Jan Bryant Communications 74. Sandler-Innocenzi 75. Smith & Harroff, Inc. 76. Southeast Research 77. Steinberg & Associates, Inc. 78. Twede Evans Political 79. Voter/Consumer Research, Inc. 80. Wilson Communications Services, Inc. >> VIII.F. CAMPAIGN CONTENT CODES (1988 ONLY) Campaign Content Codes - 1988 Positive Themes: 00 National stature 01 Record--candidate's 02 Family 03 Local roots 04 Military service 05 Candidate's party 06 Dukakis/Bush 07 Social security 08 Social programs 09 Economic development/jobs 10 Foreign trade/plant closing 11 Budget 12 No tax increase 13 Pro-defense 14 Defense cuts 15 Environment 16 Drugs 17 Family values 18 Abortion 19 Crime/death penalty 20 Pornography 21 Populism 22 Tangible benefits for district (pork) 99 None Negative Themes: 00 Lack of national stature 01 Record--opponent's 02 Absenteeism 03 Age/health 04 Lost touch with district 05 Quayle/Dukakis 06 Ethics/character 07 Campaign finance 08 Special interests 09 Offends groups 10 Failure to debate 11 Negative campaigning 12 Conservatism/liberalism 13 Social security 14 Social programs 15 Foreign trade/plant closing 16 Taxes 17 Spending 18 Defense (weak on) 19 Arms control 20 Environment 21 Drugs 22 Abortion 23 Crime/death penalty 24 Pornography 25 Pork--failure to deliver 26 Carpetbagger 99 None >> VIII.G. SOURCES OF SENATE CONTEXTUAL DATA (1988, 1990, 1992) Sources of Senate Contextual Data - 1988 (see section headings in codebook) 1988 Election Information General election results come from official results available at the Federal Election Commission, Washington, D.C. Democratic percentage of the two-party vote was calculated by hand. All primary election information (dates and returns) are from an unpublished briefing book on 1988 Senate elections prepared by CBS. Background of Senator #1 Personal information about the incumbent's background was found in (1)Ehrenhalt, Alan ed. 1987. Politics in America; The 100th Congress. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Inc. and (2) Barone, Michael and Grant Ujifusa. 1987. The Almanac of American Politics 1988. Washington: National Journal Inc. In addition, where incumbents were also candidates for reelection, supplemental sources included the CBS briefing book (above), Congressional Quarterly's Special Report on the 1988 elections (10/15/88), and, when available, responses to CQ's candidate questionnaire generously made available by Phil Duncan, Political Editor of Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report. Previous incumbent election results were found in Scammon, Richard M. and Alice V. McGillivray eds. 1987. America Votes 17. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Inc. Mass mailings include government paid mailings which are not responses to inquiries, press releases, or mail to officials. The number of mass mail pieces from the third quarter of 1985 is published semi-annually in the Report of the Secretary of the Senate, Washington: Government Printing Office. Comparable figures are not available for members of the House. Seniority rankings, attendance percentages, group (ADA, ACU, AFL-CIO, CCUS) ratings, presidential support, party unity, and conservative coalition scores are published in Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Vols. XXXIX to XLIV), and in Politics in America (above). In cases where a Senator was a member of the House (1983-88) before the Senate, his/her House scores were coded. Not applicable (NA, i.e. where an incumbent was neither a Senator nor a Representative during some part of 1983-88, or for other reasons missed votes) is coded as 999. National Journal scores are published yearly in the weekly periodical and in the Almanac of American Politics. See paragraph above for former House members, and NAs. Background of Senator #2 See Background of Senator #1 section above. Election Predictions Election predictions were published in (1) CQ's Special Report (10/15/88), The GRC Cook Political Report, Washington; The Government Research Corporation (5/31/88 & 10/28/88), and (3) Roll Call (10/30/88). Campaign manager, media consultant and pollster data were found in the National Journal (10/22/88), and Campaign Industry News (August, 1988). Staff at the National Republican Senate Committee added some additional information over the phone. Campaign Spending Campaign spending figures are preliminary tabulations made public by the Federal Election Commission in its press release of February 24, 1989. PAC receipts are not available separate from other committees until the final figures become available next year. Robert Biersak of the FEC was kind enough to calculate preliminary independent expenditure figures for this dataset. State Political Data State partisanship and ideology figures were calculated from 1976-1985 CBS/New York Times polls by Professor Gerald Wright of Indiana University. State party organizational strength scores are from Table 2.4 (pp. 28-9) of Cotter, Cornelius P., James L. Gibson, John F. Bibby, and Robert Huckshorn. 1984. Party Organizations in American Politics. New York: Praeger. Democratic Party Liberalism and Republican Party Conservatism scores have been provided by Larry M. Bartels. These measures are updated versions of the scores originally appearing in Tables 8.2 and 9.2 of his 1988 book, Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1988 election returns are from the FEC (see 1988 election information above). Two-party percentages were calculated by hand. Previous election returns are found in Scammon (1987). State legislative results are published in CQ Weekly Report (11/19/88). State Demographic, Geographic, and Economic Data FEC voting age population figures come from the FEC's February 5, 1988 press release. 1987 population (v5377), percent population increase (v5378), percent metropolitan residents (v5382), net migration (v5388), and percent over age 64 (v5407) are found in U.S. Department of Commerce. 1987. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1988. Washington: Government Printing Office. Net migration "comprises net immigration from abroad, net interregional, interdivisional, or interstate migration, and the movement of persons in the armed forces" (pg. 21). Percent black (v5379), Asian (v5380), Spanish origin (v5381), 1-3 years college (v5402), 4 or more years of college (v5403), below poverty line (v5404), housing units rented (v5405) are from The Almanac of American Politics 1988. Percent born in state (v5383), white-collar workers (v5384), blue-collar workers (v5385), square miles in state (v5386), percent of area farmed (v5387), tax burden per capita (v5400), and median family income (v5406) are from Politics in America; The 100th Congress. Percent of residents at current address for two years or less was calculated from the Voter Supplement File of the 1980 Current Population Survey by Michael Hagen of the State Data Program at the University of California, Berkeley. The Current Population Survey was made available by the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. State unemployment rates for December 1987 to September 1988 were supplied in a computer printout by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor. December 1988 figures are in the Bureau's February 14, 1989 press release. Total personal income comes from table 5 of the Department of Commerce's April 20, 1989 press release, "Regional Differences In Per Capita Personal Income Continued To Widen In 1988." Figures reflect total personal income, including farm income. The Department does not calculate per capita income quarterly. Violent crime figures are from the FBI's 1988 report on Crime in the United States. Democratic Candidate's Background (See Background of Senator #1 above) Republican Candidate's Background (See Background of Senator #1 above) Campaign Content Campaign content codes were devised by Richard F. Fenno, Jr., Gary C. Jacobson, Jonathan Krasno, Thomas E. Mann, and Raymond E. Wolfinger. Coding was done by Jonathan Krasno, with the assistance of James Glaser of the State Data Program at the University of California, Berkeley. Themes were culled from accounts of Senate elections in CQ's Special Report on the 1988 elections (above), Roll Call (10/30/88), CBS's briefing book (above), The GRC Cook Political Report (10/28/88), the Presidential Campaign Hotline (daily) from 10/1/88 to 11/8/88, and all issues of the Political Report (weekly) from 9/1/88 to 11/8/88. For example CQ wrote the following about the campaign waged in New Jersey by Pete Dawkins (R) against incumbent Frank Lautenberg (D): Many of Dawkins' criticisms are standard GOP fare: He says Lautenberg has voted for 17 tax increases and describes him as an extreme liberal opposed to a strong national defense. But Dawkins, 50, also goes after Lautenberg in some of his areas of supposed strength. Despite Lautenberg's list of endorsements from environmental groups, Dawkins says he should have done more to prevent beach pollution, which is hurting the state's tourism industry. Trying to fashion the choice as a matter of stature, Dawkins implies that his past...is an omen of future political greatness. He calls Lautenberg a back-bencher, referring to him as "New Jersey's junior senator." But Dawkins may have a hard time convincing voters that Lautenberg is devoid of stature...(pg. 2923) From this passage five different negative themes--taxes (16), conservatism/liberalism (12), weakness on defense (18), environment (20), and lack of national stature (0)--and one positive theme--national stature (0)--were attributed to Dawkins' campaign. Other sources provided additional information. Campaign themes are NOT listed in order of importance or chronological order. Where seven or fewer campaign themes in a single category were found all were coded. In cases where more than seven themes were evident, coding was done on the basis of mentions in the most sources. Sources of Senate Contextual Data - 1990 (See section headings in codebook) 1990 Election Information General election and primary election results come from various issues of Congresssional Quarterly Weekly Report. Background of Senator #1 Wherever possible, data were taken from the 1988 Senate Election Study Contextual Dataset for those Senators who were covered in the 1988 study. Much of this documentation, then, is from the 1988 Contextual dataset. Personal information about the incumbent's background was found in (1) Ehrenhalt, Alan ed. 1987. Politics in America; The 100th Congress. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Inc. and (2) Barone, Michael and Grant Ujifusa. 1987. The Almanac of American Politics 1988. Washington: National Journal Inc. and (3) Barone, Michael and Grant Ujifusa. 1989. The Almanac of American Politics 1990. Washington: National Journal Inc. In addition, where incumbents were also candidates for reelection, supplemental sources included the CBS briefing book (above), Congressional Quarterly's Special Report on the 1988 elections (10/15/88), Congressional Quarterly's Special Report on the 1990 elections (10/13/90), when available, responses to CQ's candidate questionnaire generously made available by Phil Duncan, Political Editor of Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report [1988], and in a few cases from biographical data provided directly from campaign offices. Previous incumbent election results were found in (1) Scammon, Richard M. and Alice V. McGillivray eds. 1987. America Votes 17. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Inc. and (2) Politics in America (above). Mass mailings include government paid mailings which are not responses to inquiries, press releases, or mail to officials. The number of mass mail pieces from the third quarter of 1985 is published semi-annually in the Report of the Secretary of the Senate, Washington: Government Printing Office. Comparable figures are not available for members of the House. Seniority rankings, attendance percentages, group (ADA, ACU, AFL-CIO, CCUS) ratings, presidential support, party unity, and conservative coalition scores are published in Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Vols. XXXIX to XLV), and in Politics in America (above). In cases where a Senator was a member of the House (1983-90) before the Senate, his/her House scores were coded. Not applicable (NA, i.e. where an incumbent was neither a Senator nor a Representative during some part of 1983-90, or for other reasons missed votes) is coded as 999. National Journal scores are published yearly in the weekly periodical and in the Almanac of American Politics. See paragraph above for former House members, and NAs. Background of Senator #2 See Background of Senator #1 section above. Election Predictions Election predictions were published in (1) CQ's Special Report (10/13/90), and The GRC Cook Political Report, Washington; The Government Research Corporation (5/29/90 & 10/23/90). Campaign media consultant and pollster data were found in Campaigns & Elections (October/November, 1990) Campaign Spending Campaign spending figures are preliminary tabulations made public by the Federal Election Commission in its press release of November 2, 1990. State Political Data State partisanship and ideology figures were calculated from 1976-1985 CBS/New York Times polls by Professor Gerald Wright of Indiana University. State party organizational strength scores are from Table 2.4 (pp. 28-9) of Cotter, Cornelius P., James L. Gibson, John F. Bibby, and Robert Huckshorn. 1984. Party Organizations in American Politics. New York: Praeger. Democratic Party Liberalism and Republican Party Conservatism scores have been provided by Larry M. Bartels. These measures are updated versions of the scores originally appearing in Tables 8.2 and 9.2 of his 1988 book, Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1988 election returns are from the FEC (see 1988 election information above). Two-party percentages were calculated by hand. Previous election returns are found in Scammon (1987). State legislative results are from the National Journal (November 10, 1990). State Demographic, Geographic, and Economic Data U.S. Census Bureau voting age population estimate comes from the "Current Population Reports, Population Estimates and Projections: Projections of the Voting-Age Population for States: November, 1990." (Table 1, Series A). 1988 population (v5462), percent population increase (v5463), percent black (v5466), percent metropolitan residents (v5469), net migration (v5475), and percent over age 64 (v5494) are found in U.S. Department of Commerce. 1990. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1990. Washington: Government Printing Office. Net migration "comprises net immigration from abroad, net interregional, interdivisional, or interstate migration, and the movement of persons in the armed forces" (pg. 21, 1988.) Percent Asian (v5467), Spanish origin (v5468), 1-3 years college (v5489), 4 or more years of college (v5490), below poverty line (v5491), housing units rented (v5492) are from The Almanac of American Politics 1988. Percent born in state (v5470), white-collar workers (v5471), blue-collar workers (v5472), square miles in state (v5473), percent of area farmed (v5474), tax burden per capita (v5487), and median family income (v5493) are from Politics in America; The 100th Congress. Percent of residents at current address for two years or less was calculated from the Voter Supplement File of the 1980 Current Population Survey by Michael Hagen of the State Data Program at the University of California, Berkeley. The Current Population Survey was made available by the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. State unemployment rates for December 1989 to December 1990 were supplied in a computer printout by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor. Total personal income comes from table 2 of the Department of Commerce's January 23, 1991 press release, "State Personal Income: Slow Growth Continued in Third Quarter 1990." Figures reflect total personal income, including farm income. The Department does not calculate per capita income quarterly. Violent crime figures are from a computer printout provided by the FBI Democratic Candidate's Background (See Background of Senator #1 above) Republican Candidate's Background (See Background of Senator #1 above) Sources of Senate Contextual Data - 1992 (See section headings in codebook) 1992 Election Information General election and primary election results come from various issues of Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report. Background of Senator #1 Wherever possible, data were taken from the 1988 and 1990 Senate Election Study Contextual Dataset for those Senators who were covered in those studies. Much of this documentation, then, is from the 1988 and 1990 Contextual datasets. Personal information about the incumbent's background was found in (1) Ehrenhalt, Alan ed. 1987. Politics in America: The 100th Congress. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Inc. as well as the editions of that book for the 101st and 102nd Congresses; (2) Barone, Michael and Grant Ujifusa. 1987. The Almanac of American Politics 1988. Washington: National Journal Inc. (and the 1989 and 1991 editions); and (3) Congressional Quarterly's Special Report on the 1988 elections (10/15/88), Congressional Quarterly's Special Report on the 1990 elections (10/13/90), and CQ's report on the 1992 elections (10/17/92); (4) biographical data provided directly from campaign offices. Previous incumbent election results were found in (1) Scammon, Richard M. and Alice V. McGillivray eds. 1987. America Votes 17; 1989. American Votes 18; 1991. America Votes 19. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Inc. and (2) Politics in America (above). Mass mailings include government paid mailings which are not responses to inquiries, press releases, or mail to officials. The number of mass mail pieces from the third quarter of 1985 is published semi-annually in the Report of the Secretary of the Senate, Washington: Government Printing Office. Comparable figures are not available for members of the House. (We regret that this information was unavailable in time for use in for the 1992 dataset.) Seniority rankings, attendance percentages, group (ADA, ACU, AFL-CIO, CCUS) ratings, presidential support, party unity, and conservative coalition scores are published in Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Vols. XXXIX to XLV), and in Politics in America (above). In cases where a Senator was a member of the House (1983-92) before the Senate, his/her House scores were coded. Not applicable (NA, i.e. where an incumbent was neither a Senator nor a Representative during some part of 1983-92, or for other reasons missed votes) is coded as 999. National Journal scores are published yearly in the weekly periodical and in the Almanac of American Politics. See paragraph above for former House members, and NAs. Background of Senator #2 See Background of Senator #1 section above. Election Predictions Election predictions were published in (1) CQ's Special Report (10/13/90), and The GRC Cook Political Report, Washington; The Government Research Corporation (5/20/92 & 10/28/92). Campaign media consultant and pollster data were found in Campaigns & Elections (October/November, 1992) Campaign Spending Campaign spending figures are from the Federal Election Commission press release of March 4, 1993. State Political Data State partisanship and ideology figures were calculated from 1976-1985 CBS/New York Times polls by Professor Gerald Wright of Indiana University. State party organizational strength scores are from Table 2.4 (pp. 28-9) of Cotter, Cornelius P., James L. Gibson, John F. Bibby, and Robert Huckshorn. 1984. Party Organizations in American Politics. New York: Praeger. Democratic Party Liberalism and Republican Party Conservatism scores have been provided by Larry M. Bartels. These measures are updated versions of the scores originally appearing in Tables 8.2 and 9.2 of his 1988 book, Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1992 election returns are from the Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report of 11/7/92. Two-party percentages were calculated by hand. State legislative results are from The State Yellow Book, Vol. 4, Number 4. Winter, 1993. NY: Monitor Publishing Company. State Demographic, Geographic, and Economic Data U.S. Census Burea voting age population estimate for 1992 comes from the FEC's 3/4/93 Press Release. 1990 population (v5462), percent population increase (v5463), percent black (v5466), percent metropolitan residents (v5469), net migration (v5475), and percent over age 64 (v5494) are found in U.S. Department of Commerce. 1990. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1991. Washington: Government Printing Office. Net migration "comprises net immigration from abroad, net interregional, interdivisional, or interstate migration, and the movement of persons in the armed forces" (pg. 21, 1988.) Percent Asian (v5467), Spanish origin (v5468), 1-3 years college (v5489), 4 or more years of college (v5490), below poverty line (v5491), housing units rented (v5492) are from The Almanac of American Politics 1992. Percent born in state (v5470), white-collar workers (v5471), blue-collar workers (v5472), square miles in state (v5473), percent of area farmed (v5474), tax burden per capita (v5487), and median family income (v5493) are from Politics in America; The 102nd Congress. Percent of residents at current address for two years or less was calculated from the Voter Supplement File of the 1980 Current Population Survey by Michael Hagen of the State Data Program at the University of California, Berkeley. The Current Population Survey was made available by the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. State unemployment rates for December 1991 to December 1992 were supplied in a computer printout by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor (2/8/93). Total personal income comes from table 2 of the Department of Commerce's January 26, 1993 press release, "State Personal Income: First Quarter 1991 to Third Quarter 1992." Figures reflect total personal income, including farm income. The Department does not calculate per capita income quarterly. Violent crime figures are from a computer printout provided by the FBI Democratic Candidate's Background (See Background of Senator #1 above) Republican Candidate's Background (See Background of Senator #1 above) >> IX. CANDIDATE LISTS >> IX.A. HOUSE CANDIDATES (1988, 1990, 1992) U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATES - 1988 DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name ALABAMA 01 35 JOHN M. TYSON JR. 34 SONNY CALLAHAN 02 35 JANIE BAKER CLARKE 34 WILLIAM DICKENSON 03 33 BILL NICHOLS 04 33 TOM BEVILL 05 33 RONNIE G. FLIPPO 36 STAN MCDONALD 06 33 BEN ERDREICH 36 CHARLES CADDIS 07 33 CLAUDE HARRIS 36 JIM BACON ALASKA 01 35 PETER GRUENSTEIN 34 DON YOUNG ARIZONA 01 35 JOHN M. FILLMORE 34 JOHN J. RHODES III 02 35 MORRIS K. UDALL 36 JOSEPH SWEENEY 03 35 DAVE MOSS 34 BOB STUMP 04 34 JON KYL 05 35 JUDITH BELCHER 34 JIM KOLBE ARKANSAS 01 33 BILL ALEXANDER 02 33 TOMMY F. ROBINSON 36 WARREN CARPENTER 03 35 DAVID STEWART 34 JOHN HAMMERSCHMIDT 04 33 BERYL ANTHONY, JR. 36 ROGER N. BELL CALIFORNIA DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name 01 33 DOUGLAS H. BOSCO 36 SAMUEL VANDERBILT 02 35 WAYNE MEYER 34 WALLY HERGER 03 33 ROBERT MATSUI 36 LOWELL LANDOWSKI 04 33 VIC FAZIO 05 33 NANCY PELOSI 36 BRUCE M. O'NEILL 06 33 BARBARA BOXER 36 WILLIAM STEINMETZ 07 33 GEORGE MILLER 36 JEAN LAST 08 33 RONALD V. DELLUMS 36 JOHN CUDDIHY, JR. 09 33 FORTNEY H. STARK 36 HOWARD HERTZ 10 33 DON EDWARDS 11 33 TOM LANTOS 36 GM BILL QURAISHI 12 31 ANNA ESHOO 32 TOM CAMPBELL 13 33 NORMAN Y. MINETA 36 LUKE SOMMER 14 35 PATRICIA MALBERG 34 NORMAN D. SHUMWAY 15 33 TONY COELHO 36 CAROL HARNER 16 33 LEON E. PANETTA 36 STANLEY MONTEITH 17 33 VINCENT LAVERY 34 CHARLES PASHAYAN 18 33 RICHARD H. LEHMAN 36 DAVID R. LINN 19 35 GARY K HART 34 BOB LAGOMARSINO 20 35 LITA REID 34 WILLIAM THOMAS 21 35 DONALD E. STEVENS 34 ELTON GALLEGLY 22 35 JOHN G. SIMMONS 34 CARLOS MOORHEAD 23 33 ANTHONY C. BEILENSON 36 JIM SALOMON 24 33 HENRY A. WAXMAN 36 JOHN N. COWLES 25 33 EDWARD R. ROYBAL 26 33 HOWARD L. BERMAN 36 G.C. BRODERSON 27 33 MEL LEVINE 36 DENNIS GALBRAITH 28 33 JULIAN C. DIXON 36 GEORGE Z. ADAMS 29 33 AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS 36 REUBIN D. FRANCO 30 33 MATTHEW G. MARTINEZ 36 RALPH R. RAMIREZ 31 33 MERVYN M. DYMALLY 36 ARNOLD C. MAY 32 33 GLENN M. ANDERSON 36 SANFORD W. KAHN 33 35 NELSON GENTRY 34 DAVIED DREIR 34 33 ESTEBAN E. TORRES 36 CHARLES M. HOUSE 35 35 PAUL SWEENEY 34 JERRY LEWIS 36 33 GEORGE E. BROWN JR. 36 JOHN P. STARK 37 35 JOHNNY PEARSON 34 AL MCCANDLESS 38 35 JERRY YUDELSON 34 ROBERT DORNAN 39 35 DON E. MARQUIS 34 WILLIAM DANNEMEYER 40 31 LIDA LENNEY 32 C. CHRISTOPHER COX 41 35 DAN KRIPKE 34 BILL LOWERY 42 31 GUY C. KIMBROUGH 32 DANA ROHRABACHER 43 35 HOWARD GREENEBAUM 34 RON PACKARD 44 33 JIM BATES 36 ROB BUTTERFIELD 45 35 PETE LEPISCOPO 34 DUNCAN HUNTER DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name COLORADO 01 33 PATRICIA SCHROEDER 36 JOY WOOD 02 33 DAVID D. SKAGGS 36 DAVID BATH 03 33 BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL 36 JIM ZARTMAN 04 35 CHARLES VIGIL 34 HANK BROWN 05 35 JOHN MITCHELL 34 JOEL HEFLEY 06 35 MARTHA M. EZZARD 34 DANIEL L. SCHAEFER CONNECTICUT 01 33 BARBARA B. KENNELLY 36 MARIO ROBLES 02 33 SAM GEJDENSON 36 GLENN CARBERRY 03 33 BRUCE A. MORRISON 36 GERARD B. PATTON 04 35 ROGER PEARSON 34 CHRISTOPHER SHAYS 05 35 JAMES GRIFFIN 34 NANCY L. JOHNSON 06 35 JOSEPH MARINAN 34 JOHN G. ROWLAND DELAWARE 01 33 THOMAS CARPER 36 JAMES KRAPF FLORIDA 01 33 EARL HUTTO 36 E.D. ARMBRUSTER 02 33 BILL GRANT 03 33 CHARLES E. BENNETT 04 33 BILL CHAPPELL, JR. 36 CRAIG T. JAMES 05 34 BILL MCCOLLUM 06 31 JON MILLS 32 CLIFF STEARNS O7 33 SAM GIBBONS 08 35 C. BETTE WIMBISH 34 C.W. BILL YOUNG 09 34 MICHAEL BILRAKIS 10 35 DAVID B. HIGGINBOTTOM 34 ANDY IRELAND 11 33 BILL NELSON 36 BILL TOLLEY 12 34 TOM LEWIS 13 31 JACK CONWAY 32 PORTER GOSS 14 31 HARRY A. JOHNSTON 32 KEN ADAMS 15 35 MIKE KUHLE 34 E. CLAY SHAW, JR. 16 33 LAWRENCE J. SMITH 36 JOSEPH SMITH 17 33 WILLIAM LEHMAN 18 33 CLAUDE PEPPER 19 33 DANTE B. FASCELL 36 RALPH C.ROCHETEAU DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name GEORGIA 01 33 ROBERT LINDSAY THOMAS 36 JOHN C. MEREDITH 02 33 CHARLES HATCHER 36 RALPH T. HUDGENS 03 33 RICHARD RAY 04 35 BEN JONES 34 PAT SWINDALL 05 33 JOHN LEWIS 36 JAMES TIBBS, JR. 06 35 DAVE WORLEY 34 NEWT GINGRICH 07 33 GEORGE DARDEN 36 ROBERT LAMUTT 08 33 J. ROY ROWLAND 09 33 ED JENKINS 36 C. JOSEPH HOFFMAN 10 33 DOUG BARNARD, JR. 36 MARK S. MYERS HAWAII 01 35 MARY BITTERMAN 34 PATRICIA F. SAIKI 02 33 DANIEL K. AKAKA IDAHO 01 35 JEANNE GIVENS 34 LARRY E. CRAIG 02 33 RICHARD H. STALLINGS 36 DANE H. WATKINS ILLINOIS 01 33 CHARLES A. HAYES 36 STEPHEN J. EVANS 02 33 GUS SAVAGE 36 WILLIAM HESPEL 03 33 MARTY RUSSO 36 JOSEPH J. MCCARTHY 04 35 GEORGE E. SANGMEISTER 34 JACK DAVIS 05 33 WILLIAM LIPINSKI 36 JOHN J. HOLOWINSKI 06 35 WILLIAM J. ANDRLE 34 HENRY J. HYDE 07 33 CARDISS COLLINS 08 33 DAN ROSTENKOWSKI 36 V. STEPHEN VETTER 09 33 SIDNEY R. YATES 36 HERBERT SOHN 10 35 EUGENE F. FRIEDMAN 35 JOHN E. PORTER 11 33 FRANK ANNUNZIO 36 GEORGE S. GOTTLIEB 12 35 JOHN A. LEONARDI 34 PHILLIP CRANE 13 35 EVELYN. E. CRAIG 34 HARRIS W. FAWELL 14 35 STEPHEN YOUHANAIE 34 DENNIS HASTERT 15 35 THOMAS J. CURL 35 EDWARD MADIGAN 16 35 STEVEN E. MAHAN 34 LYNN MARTIN 17 33 LANE EVANS 36 WILLIAM E. STEWART 18 35 G. DOUGLAS STEPHENS 34 ROBERT H. MICHEL 19 33 TERRY L. BRUCE 36 ROBERT F. KERANS 20 33 RICHARD J. DURBIN 36 PAUL E. JURGENS 21 31 JERRY F. COSTELLO 32 ROBERT H. GAFFNER 22 31 GLENN POSHARD 32 PATRICK J. KELLEY DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name INDIANA 01 33 PETER J. VISCLOSKY 36 OWEN W. CRUMPACKER 02 33 PHILIP R. SHARP 36 MIKE PENCE 03 35 TOM WARK 34 JOHN HILER 04 35 JILL LONG 34 DAN COATS 05 33 JIM JONTZ 36 PATRICIA WILLIAMS 06 35 GEORGE THOMAS HOLLAND 34 DAN BURTON 07 35 MARK R. WATERFILL 34 JOHN T. MEYERS 08 33 FRANK MCCLOSKEY 36 JOHN L. MEYERS 09 33 LEE HAMILTON 36 FLOYD E. COATES 10 33 ANDREW JACOBS, JR. 36 JAMES C. CUMMINGS IOWA 01 35 BILL GLUBA 34 JIM LEACH 02 35 ERIC TABOR 34 TOM TAUKE 03 33 DAVIED R. NAGLE 36 DONALD B. REDFERN 04 33 NEAL SMITH 36 PAUL LUNDE 05 35 GENE FREUND 34 JIM LIGHTFOOT 06 35 DAVE O'BRIEN 34 FRED GRANDY KANSAS 01 34 PAT ROBERTS 02 33 JIM SLATTERY 36 PHIL MEINHARDT 03 35 LIONEL KUNST 34 JAN MEYERS 04 33 DAN GLICKMAN 36 LEE TOMPSON 05 35 JOHN A. BARNES 34 BOB WHITTAKER KENTUCKY 01 33 CARROL HUBBARD, JR. 02 33 WILLIAM H. NATCHER 36 MARTIN A. TORI 03 33 ROMANO L. MAZZOL 36 PHILIP DUNNAGAN 04 35 RICHARD V. BELILES 34 JIM BUNNING 05 34 HAROLD ROGERS 06 35 MILTON PATTON 07 33 CARL PERKINS 36 WILL SCOTT DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name LOUISIANA 01 35 GEORGE MUSTAKAS 34 BOB LIVINGSTON 02 33 LINDY HALE BOGGS 36 ROGER JOHNSON 03 33 W.J. TAUZIN 36 MILLARD CLEMENT 04 35 ADELINE ROEMER 34 JIM MCCRERY 05 33 JERRY HUCKABY 36 JACK WRIGHT 06 34 RICHARD H. BAKER 07 33 JIMMY HAYES 09 35 FAYE WILLIAMS 34 CLYDE C. HOLLOWAY MAINE 01 33 JOSEPH E. BRENNAN 36 TED O'MEARA 02 35 KENNETH P. HAYES 34 OLYMPIA J. SNOWE MARYLAND 01 33 ROY DYSON 36 WAYNE GILCHRIST 02 35 JOSEPH BARTENFELDER 34 HELEN D. BENTLEY 03 33 BENJAMIN L. CARDIN 36 ROSS Z. PIERPONT 04 33 THOMAS MCMILLEN 36 BRADLYN MCCLANAHER 05 33 STENY H. HOYER 36 JOHN E. SELLER 06 33 BEVERLY B. BYRON 36 KENNETH HALSEY 07 33 KWEISI MFUME 08 35 PETER FRANCHOT 34 CONSTANCE MORELLA MASSACHUSETTS 01 35 JOHN R. ARDEN 34 SILVIO O. CONTE 02 31 RICHARD E. NEAL 03 33 JOSEPH E. EARLY 04 33 BARNEY FRANK 36 DEBRA R. TUCKER 05 33 CHESTER G. ATKINS 06 33 NICHOLAS MAYROULES 36 PAUL MCCARTHY 07 33 EDWARD J. MARKEY 08 33 JOSEPH P. KENNEDY II 36 GLENN W. FISCUS 09 33 JOE MOAKLEY 10 33 GERRY E. STUDDS 36 JON BRYAN 11 33 BRIAN J. DONNELLY 36 MICHAEL GILLERAN DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name MICHIGAN 01 33 JOHN CONYERS, JR. 36 BILL ASHE 02 35 LANA POLLACK 34 CARL PURSELL 03 33 HOWARD WOLPE 36 CAL ALLGAIER 04 35 NORMAN J. RIVERS 34 FRED UPTON 05 35 JAMES M. CATCHICK 34 PAUL B. HENRY 06 33 BOB CARR 36 SCOTT SCHULTZ 07 33 DALE E. KILDEE 36 JEFF COAD 08 33 BOB TRAXLER 36 LLOYD F. BUHL 09 35 DAVID J. GAWRON 36 GUY VANDERJAGT 10 35 MATHAIS G. FORBES 34 BILL SCHUETTE 11 35 MITCH IRWIN 34 ROBERT W. DAVIS 12 33 DAVID E. BONIOR 36 DOUGLAS CARL 13 33 GEORGE CROCKETT 36 JOHN W. SAVAGE II 14 33 DENNIS M. HERTEL 36 KENNETH C. MCNEALY 15 33 WILLIAM D. FORD 36 BURL C. ADKINS 16 33 JOHN D. DINGELL 17 33 SANDER M. LEVIN 36 DENNIS FLESSLAND 18 35 GARY L. KOHUT 34 WILLIAM BROOMFIELD MINNESOTA 01 33 TIMOTHY J. PENNY 36 CURT SCHRIMPF 02 35 DOUG PETERSON 34 VIN WEBER 03 35 DAVE CARLSON 34 BILL FREZEL 04 33 BRUCE F. VENTO 36 IAN MAITLAND 05 33 MARTIN OLAY SABO 36 RAYMOND GILBERTSON 06 33 GERRY SIKORSKI 36 RAY PLOETZ 07 35 MARV HANSON 34 ARLAN STRANGELAND 08 33 JAMES L. OBERSTAR 36 JERRY SHUSTER MISSISSIPPI 01 33 JAMIE L. WHITTEN 36 JIM BUSH 02 33 MIKE EXPY 36 JACK COLEMAN 03 33 GV MONTGOMERY 36 JIMMIE R. BOURLAND 04 35 MIKE PARKER 32 THOMAS COLLINS 05 31 GENE TAYLOR 32 LARKIN SMITH DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name MISSOURI 01 33 WILLIAM CLAY 36 JOSEPH SCHWAN 02 35 ROBERT FEIGENBAUM 34 JACK BUECHNER 03 33 RICHARD GEPHARDT 36 MARK F. HEARNE 04 33 IKE SKELTON 36 DAVID EYERLY 05 33 ALAN WHEAT 36 MARY ELLEN LOBB 06 35 DOUG HUGHES 34 E. THOMAS COLEMAN 07 31 MAX BACON 32 MELTON D. HANCOCK 08 35 WAYNE CRYTS 34 BILL EMERSON 09 33 HAROLD VOLKMER 36 KEN A. DUDLEY MONTANA 01 33 PAT WILLIAMS 36 JIM FENLASON 02 35 BUCK O'BRIEN 34 RON MARLENEE NEBRASKA 01 35 CORKY JONES 34 DOUG BEREUTER 02 31 PETER HOAGLAND 32 JERRY SCHENKEN 03 35 JOHN. D. REACEK 34 VIRGINIA SMITH NEVADA 01 33 JAMES BILBRAY 36 LUCILLE LUSK 02 35 JIM SPOO 34 BARBARA VUCANOVICH NEW HAMPSHIRE 01 35 JOSEPH KEEFE 34 ROBERT SMITH 02 31 JAMES DONCHESS 32 CHUCK DOUGLAS NEW JERSEY 01 33 JAMES J. FLORIO 36 FRANK A. CRISTAUDO 02 33 WILLIAM J. HUGHES 36 KIRK W. CONOVER 03 31 FRANK PALLONE, JR. 32 JOSEPH AZZOLINA 06 33 BERNARD J. DWYER 36 PETER J. SICA 07 35 JAMES HELY 34 MATTHEW RINALDO 08 33 ROBERT A. ROE 09 33 ROBERT TORRICELLI 36 ROGER LANE 10 31 DONALD M. PAYNE 32 MICHAEL WEBB 11 35 JOHN C. SHAW 34 DEAN A. GALLO 12 35 NORMAN J. WEINSTEIN 34 JIM COURTER 13 35 JAMES B. SMITH 34 H. JAMES SAXTON 14 33 FRANK J. GUARINI DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name NEW MEXICO 01 31 TOM UDALL 32 STEVEN SCHIFF 02 34 JOE SKEEN 03 33 BILL RICHARDSON 36 CECILIA SALAZAR NEW YORK 01 33 GEORGE J. HOCHBRUECKNER 36 ED ROMAINE 02 33 THOMAS DOWNEY 36 JOSEPH CARDINO JR 03 33 ROBERT MRAZEK 36 ROBERT PREVIDE 04 35 FRANCIS GOBAN 34 NORMAN LENT 05 35 WILLIAM KELLY 34 RAYMOND MCGRATH 06 33 FLOYD FLAKE 07 33 GARY ACKERMAN 08 33 JAMES H. SCHEUER 09 33 THOMAS J. MANTON 10 33 CHARLES E. SCHUMER 36 GEORGE POPIELARSKI 11 33 EDOLPHUS TOWNS 36 RIAZ B. HUSSAIN 12 33 MAJOR R. OWENS 36 ANTHONY CURCI 14 35 JEROME X. O'DONOVAN 34 GUY MOLINARI 15 35 PETER G. DOUKAS 34 BILL GREEN 16 33 CHARLES RANGEL 17 33 TED WEISS 36 MYRNA C. ALBERT 18 33 ROBERT GARCIA 36 FRED BROWN 19 35 ELLIOT L. ENGEL 34 MARIO BIAGGI 20 35 NITA LOWEY 34 JOSEPH DIOGUARDI 21 35 LAWRENCE GRUNBERGER 34 HAMILTON FISH JR 22 35 ELANOR F. BURLINGHAM 34 BENJAMIN GILMAN 23 31 MICHAEL MCNULTY 32 PETER BAKAL 24 35 FRED BAYE 34 GERALD SOLOMON 25 34 SHERWOOD BOEHLERT 26 35 DONALD RAVENSCROFT 34 DAVID MARTIN 27 31 ROSEMARY POOLER 32 JAMES WALSH 28 33 MATTHEW MCHUGH 29 35 JAMES R. VOGEL 34 FRANK HORTON 30 33 LOUISE SLAUGHTER 36 JOHN BROUCHARD 31 31 DAVID SWARTS 32 BILL PAXON 32 33 JOHN LAFALCE 36 EMIL EVERETT 33 33 HENRY NOWAK 34 34 AMORY HOUGHTON DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name NORTH CAROLINA 01 33 WALTER B. JONES 36 HOWARD D. MOYE 02 33 TIM VALENTINE 03 33 H. MARTIN LANCASTER 04 33 DAVID E. PRICE 36 TOM FETZER 05 33 STEPHEN L. NEAL 36 LYONS GRAY 06 35 TOM GILMORE 34 HOWARD COBLE 07 33 CHARLES ROSE 36 GEORGE THOMPSON 08 33 W.G. HEFNER 36 TED BLANTON 09 35 MARK SHOLANDER 34 J. ALEX MCMILLAN 10 35 JACK L. RHYNE 34 CASS BALLENGER 11 33 JAMES MCCLURE CLARKE 36 CHARLES H. TAYLOR NORTH DAKOTA 01 33 BYRON L. DORGAN 36 STEVE SYDNESS OHIO 01 33 THOMAS A. LUKEN 36 STEVE CHABOT 02 35 CHUCK STIDHAM 34 BILL GRADISON 03 33 TONY P. HALL 36 RON CRUTCHER 04 34 MICHAEL OXLEY O5 32 PAUL GILLMOR 06 35 GORDON ROBERTS 34 BOB MCEWEN 07 35 JACK SCHIRA 34 MICHAEL DEWINE 08 35 JOHN W. GRIFFEN 34 DONALD LUKENS 09 33 MARCY KAPTUR 36 AL HAWKINS 10 35 JOHN BUCHANAN 34 CLARENCE MILLER 11 33 DENNIS ECKERT 36 MARGARET MUELLER 12 35 MARK BROWN 34 JOHN KASICH 13 33 DON PEASE 36 DWIGHT BROWN 14 33 THOMAS SAWYER 36 LORETTA LANG 15 35 MARK FROELICH 34 CHALMERS WYLIE 16 35 MELVIN GRAVELY 34 RALPH REGULA 17 33 JAMES TRAFICANT, JR. 36 FREDERICK LENZ 18 33 DOUGLAS APPLEGATE 36 WILLIAM ABRAHAM 19 33 EDWARD FEIGHAN 36 NOEL ROBERTS 20 33 MARY ROSE OAKAR 36 MICHAEL SAJNA 21 33 LOUIS STOKES 36 FRANKLIN ROSKI OKLAHOMA 01 35 KURT GLASSCO 34 JAMES INHOFE 02 33 MIKE SYNAR 36 IRA PHILLIPS 03 33 WES WATKINS 04 33 DAVE MCCURDY 05 35 TERRY MONTGOMERY 34 MICKEY EDWARDS 06 33 GLENN ENGLISH 36 MIKE BROWN DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name OREGON 01 33 LES AUCOIN 36 EARL MOLANDER 02 35 LARRY TUTTLE 34 ROBERT SMITH 03 33 RON WYDEN 04 33 PETER DEFAZIO 36 JIM HOWARD 05 35 MIKE KOPETSKI 34 DENNY SMITH PENNSYLVANIA 01 33 THOMAS M. FOGLIETTA 36 WILLIAM O'BRIEN 02 33 WILLIAM GRAY 36 RICHARD HARSCH 03 33 ROBERT BORSKI 36 MARK MATHEWS 04 33 JOE KOLTER 36 GORDON JOHNSTON 05 35 DONALD HADLEY 34 RICHARD SCHULZE 06 33 GUS YATRON 36 JAMES ERVIN 07 35 DAVID LANDAU 34 CURT WELDON 08 33 PETER KOSTMAYER 36 ED HOWARD 09 34 BUD SHUSTER 10 35 ROBERT C. CORDARO 34 JOSEPH MCDADE 11 33 PAUL KANJORSKI 12 33 JOHN P. MURTHA 13 35 BERNARD TROMKIN 34 LAWRENCE COUGHLIN 14 33 WILLIAM COYNE 36 RICHARD CALIQURI 15 33 ED REIBMAN 34 DON RITTER 16 35 ERNEST GUYLL 34 ROBERT WALKER 17 34 GEORGE GEKAS 18 33 DOUG WALGREN 36 JOHN NEWMAN 19 35 PAUL RITCHEY 34 BILL GOODLIN 20 33 JOSEPH GAYDOS 21 35 GEORGE ELDER 34 TOM RIDGE 22 33 AUSTIN MURPHY 36 WILLIAM HODGKISS 23 35 HOWARD SHAKESPEARE 34 WILLIAM CLINGER RHODE ISLAND 01 33 FERNAD ST. GERMAIN 36 RONALD MACHTLEY 02 35 RUTH MORGENTHAU 34 CLAUDINE SCHNEIDER SOUTH CAROLINA 01 35 WHELLER TILLMAN 34 ARTHUR RAVENEL JR. 02 35 JIM LEVENTIS 34 FLOYD SPENCE 03 33 BUTLER DERRICK 36 HENRY S. JORDAN 04 33 LIZ PATTERSON 36 KNOX WHITE 05 33 JOHN SPRATT JR. 36 BOB CARLEY 06 33 ROBIN TALLON 36 ROBERT CUNNINGHAM DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name SOUTH DAKOTA 01 33 TIM JOHNSON 36 DAVID VOLD TENNESSEE 01 35 SIDNEY SMITH 34 JAMES QUILLEN 02 31 DUDLEY TAYLOR 32 JOHN DUNCAN JR. 03 33 MARILYN LLOYD 36 HAROLD L. COKER 04 33 JIM COOPER 05 33 BOB CLEMENT 06 33 BART GORDON 36 WALLACE EMBRY 07 35 KEN BLOODWORTH 34 DON SUNDQUIST 08 31 JOHN TANNER 32 ED BRYANT 09 33 HAROLD FORD TEXAS 01 33 JIM CHAPMAN 36 HORACE MCQUEEN 02 33 CHARLES WILSON 03 35 BLAKE COWDEN 34 STEVE BARTLETT 04 33 RALPH HALL 36 RANDY SUTTON 05 33 JOHN BRYANT 36 LON WILLIAMS 06 35 N.P. KENDRICK 34 JOE BARTON 07 35 DIANE RICHARDS 34 BILL ARCHER 08 34 JACK FIELDS 09 33 JACK BROOKS 10 33 J.J. PICKLE 11 33 MARVIN LEATH 12 33 JIM WRIGHT 13 31 BILL SARPALIUS 32 LARRY S. MILNER 14 35 GREG LAUGHLIN 34 MAC SWEENEY 15 33 E. KIKA DELA GARZA 16 33 RONALD COLEMAN 17 33 CHARLES STENHOLM 18 33 MICKEY LELAND 19 35 GERALD MCCATHERN 34 LARRY COMBEST 20 33 HENRY GONZALEZ 36 LEE TREVINO 21 34 LAMAR SMITH 22 35 E. WAYNE WALKER 34 THOMAS DELAY 23 33 ALBERT BUSTAMANTE 36 JEROME GONZALES 24 33 MARTIN FROST 25 33 MICHAEL ANDREWS 36 GEORGE LOEFFLER 26 35 JOANN REYES 34 DICK ARMEY 27 33 SOLOMON ORTIZ DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name UTAH 01 35 GUNN MCKAY 34 JAMES HANSEN 02 33 WAYNE OWENS 36 RICHARD SNELGROVE 03 35 ROBERT STRINGHAM 34 HOWARD NIELSON VERMONT 01 31 PAUL POIRIER 32 PETER SMITH VIRGINIA 01 35 JAMES ELLENSON 34 HERBERT BATEMAN 02 33 OWEN PICKETT 36 JERRY CURRY 03 34 THOMAS BLILEY JR 04 33 NORMAN SISISKY 05 33 L.F. PAYNE 06 33 JIM OLIN 36 CHARLES JUDD 07 34 D. SLAUGHTER 08 35 DAVID BRICKLEY 34 STAN PARRIS 09 33 RICK BOUCHER 36 JOHN BROWN 10 35 BOB WEINBERG 34 FRANK WOLF WASHINGTON 01 35 REESE LINDQUIST 34 JOHN MILLER 02 33 AL SWIFT 03 31 JOLEN UNSOELD 32 BILL WIGHT 04 35 J. RICHARD GOLOB 34 SID MORRISON 05 33 THOMASS FOLEY 36 MARLYN DERBY 06 33 NORMAN DICKS 36 KEVIN COOK 07 31 JIM MCDERMOTT 32 ROBERT EDWARDS 08 35 JIM KEAN 34 ROD CHANDLER WEST VIRGINIA 01 33 ALAN MOLLOHAN 36 HOWARD TUCK 02 33 HARLEY STAGGERS JR. 03 33 BOB WISE 36 PAUL HART 04 33 NICK RAHALL II 36 MARIANNE BREWSTER DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # Name # Name WISCONSIN 01 33 LES ASPIN 36 BERNIE WEAVER 02 33 ROBERT KASTENMEIER 36 ANN HANEY 03 35 KARL KRUEGER 34 STEVE GUNDERSON 04 33 GERALD KLECZKA 05 33 JIM MOODY 36 HELEN BARNHILL 06 31 JOE GARRETTR 32 THOMAS PETRI 07 33 DAVID OBEY 36 KEVIN HERMENING 08 34 TOBY ROTH 09 35 TOM HICKEY 34 F.J. SENSENBRENNER WYOMING 01 35 BRYAN SHARRATT 34 DICK CHENEY U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATES - 1990 DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # NAME # NAME ALABAMA 01 34 Sonny Callahan 02 35 Faye Baggiano 34 Bill Dickinson 03 33 Glenn Browder 36 Don Sledge 04 33 Tom Bevill 05 31 Bud Cramer 32 Albert McDonald 06 33 Ben Erdreich 07 33 Claude Harris 36 Michael D. Barker ALASKA 01 35 John S. Devens 34 Don Young ARIZONA 01 34 John J. Rhodes III 02 33 Morris K. Udall 36 Joseph D. Sweeney 03 35 Roger Hartstone 34 Bob Stump 04 35 Mark Ivey, Jr. 34 Jon Kyl 05 35 Chuck Phillips 34 Jim Kolbe ARKANSAS 01 33 Bill Alexander 36 Terry Hayes 02 31 Ray Thornton 32 Jim Keet 03 35 Dan Ivy 34 John Paul Hammerschmidt 04 33 Beryl Anthony, Jr. 36 Roy Rood CALIFORNIA 01 33 Douglas H. Bosco 36 Frank Riggs 02 35 Erwin 'Bill' Rush 34 Wally Herger 03 33 Robert T. Matsui 36 Lowell P. Landowski 04 33 Vic Fazio 36 Mark Baughman 05 33 Nancy Pelosi 36 Alan Nichols 06 33 Barbara Boxer 36 Bill Boerum 07 33 George Miller 36 Roger A. Payton 08 33 Ronald V. Dellums 36 Barbara Galewski 09 33 Fortney H. 'Pete' Stark 36 Victor Romero 10 33 Don Edwards 36 Mark Patrosso DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # NAME # NAME CALIFORNIA CONTINUED 11 33 Tom Lantos 36 Bill Quraishi 12 35 Robert Palmer 34 Tom Campbell 13 33 Norman Y. Mineta 36 David E. Smith 14 31 Patricia Malberg 32 John T. Doolittle 15 33 Gary Condit 36 Cliff Burris 16 33 Leon E. Panetta 36 Jerry M. Reiss 17 35 Calvin Dooley 34 Charles 'Chip' Pashayan 18 33 Richard H. Lehman 19 35 Anita Perez Ferguson 34 Robert J. Lagomarsino 20 35 Michael A. Thomas 34 Bill Thomas 21 35 Richard D. Freiman 34 Elton Gallegly 22 35 David Bayer 34 Carlos J. Moorhead 23 33 Anthony C. Beilenson 36 Jim Salomon 24 33 Henry A. Waxman 36 John N. Cowles 25 33 Edward R. Roybal 36 Steven J. Renshaw 26 33 Howard L. Berman 36 Roy Dahlson 27 33 Mel Levine 36 David Barrett Cohen 28 33 Julian C. Dixon 36 George Z. Adams 29 31 Maxine Waters 32 Bill DeWitt 30 33 Matthew G. Martinez 36 Reuben D. Franco 31 33 Mervyn M. Dymally 36 Eunice A. Sato 32 33 Glenn M. Anderson 36 Sanford W. Kahn 33 35 Georgia Houston Webb 34 David Dreier 34 33 Esteban E. Torres 36 John Eastman 35 35 Barry Norton 34 Jerry Lewis 36 33 George E. Brown, Jr. 36 Robert 'Bob' Hammock 37 35 Ralph Waite 34 Al McCandless 38 35 Barbara Jackson 34 Robert K. Dornan 39 35 Francis X. Hoffman 34 William E. Dannemeyer 40 35 Eugene C. Gratz 34 C. Christopher Cox 41 35 Dan Kripke 34 Bill Lowery 42 35 Guy C. Kimbrough 34 Dana Rohrabacher 43 34 Ron Packard 44 33 Jim Bates 36 Randy 'Duke' Cunningham 45 34 Duncan Hunter COLORADO 01 33 Patricia Schroeder 36 Gloria Gonzales Roemer 02 33 David E. Skaggs 36 Jason Lewis 03 33 Ben Nighthorse Campbell 36 Bob Ellis 04 31 Dick Bond 32 Wayne Allard 05 35 Cal Johnston 34 Joel Hefley 06 35 Don Jarrett 34 Dan Schaefer CONNECTICUT 01 33 Barbara B. Kennelly 36 James M. Garvey 02 33 Sam Gejdenson 36 John M. Ragsdale 03 31 Rosa DeLauro 32 Thomas Scott 04 35 Al Smith 34 Christopher Shays 05 31 Toby Moffet 32 Gary Franks 06 35 Paul Kules 34 Nancy L. Johnson DELAWARE 01 33 Thomas R. Carper 36 Ralph O. Williams FLORIDA 01 33 Earl Hutto 36 Terry Ketchel 02 35 Pete Peterson 34 Bill Grant 03 33 Charles E. Bennett 36 Rod Sullivan 04 35 Reid Hughes 34 Craig T. James 05 35 Bob Fletcher 34 Bill McCollum 06 35 Art Johnson 34 Cliff Stearns 07 33 Sam M. Gibbons 36 Charles D. Prout 08 34 C.W. Bill Young 09 35 Cheryl Davis Knapp 34 Michael Bilirakis 10 34 Andy Ireland 11 31 Jim Bacchus 32 Bill Tolley 12 34 Tom Lewis 13 34 Porter J. Goss 14 33 Harry A. Johnston 36 Scott Shore 15 34 E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 16 33 Lawrence J. Smith 17 33 William Lehman 36 Earl Rodney 18 35 Bernard Anscher 34 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen 19 33 Dante B. Fascell 36 Bob Allen GEORGIA 01 33 Lindsay Thomas 36 Chris Meredith 02 33 Charles Hatcher 36 Jonathan Perry Waters 03 33 Richard Ray 36 Paul Broun 04 33 Ben Jones 36 John Linder 05 33 John Lewis 36 J.W. Tibbs. Jr. 06 35 David Worley 34 Newt Gingrich 07 33 George 'Buddy' Darden 36 Al Beverly 08 33 J. Roy Rowland 36 Robert F. Cunningham GEORGIA CONTINUED 09 33 Ed Jenkins 36 Joe Hoffman 10 33 Doug Barnard, Jr. 36 Sam Jones HAWAII 01 31 Neil Abercrombie 32 Mike Liu 02 31 Patsy T. Mink 32 Andy Poepoe IDAHO 01 31 Larry LaRocco 32 C.A. "Skip" Smyser 02 33 Richard Stallings 36 Sean McDevitt ILLINOIS 01 33 Charles A. Hayes 36 Babette Peyton 02 33 Gus Savage 36 William T. Hespel 03 33 Marty Russo 36 Carl L. Klein 04 33 George E. Sangmeister 36 Manny Hoffman 05 33 William O. Lipinski 36 David J. Shestokas 06 35 Robert J. Cassidy 34 Henry J. Hyde 07 33 Cardiss Collins 36 Michael Dooley 08 33 Dan Rostenkowski 09 33 Sidney R. Yates 36 Herbert Sohn 10 35 Peg McNamara 34 John Porter 11 33 Frank Annunzio 36 Walter W. Dudycz 12 34 Philip M. Crane 13 35 Steve Thomas 34 Harris W. Fawell 14 35 Donald J. Westphal 34 Dennis Hastert 15 34 Edward Madigan 16 31 John W. Cox, Jr. 32 John W. Hallock Jr. 17 33 Lane Evans 36 Dan Lee 18 34 Robert H. Michel 19 33 Terry L. Bruce 36 Robert F. Kerans 20 33 Richard J. Durbin 36 Paul E. Jurgens 21 33 Jerry F. Costello 36 Robert H. Gaffner 22 33 Glenn Poshard INDIANA 01 33 Peter J. Visclosky 36 William B. Costas 02 33 Philip R. Sharp 36 Mike Pence 03 35 Timothy J. 'Tim' Roemer 34 John Hiler 04 33 Jill Long 36 Richard W. 'Rick' Hawks 05 33 Jim Jontz 36 John A. Johnson 06 35 James P. Fadely 34 Dan Burton 07 35 John W. Riley Sr. 34 John T. Myers 08 33 Frank McCloskey 36 Richard E. Mourdock 09 33 Lee H. Hamilton 36 Floyd Eugene Coates 10 33 Andrew Jacobs Jr. 36 Janos Horvath IOWA 01 34 Jim Leach 02 31 Eric Tabor 32 Jim Nussle 03 33 Dave Nagle 04 33 Neal Smith 05 35 Rod Powell 34 Jim Ross Lightfoot 06 35 Mike D. Earll 34 Fred Grandy KANSAS 01 35 Duane West 34 Pat Roberts 02 33 Jim Slattery 36 Scott Morgan 03 35 Leroy Jones 34 Jan Meyers 04 33 Dan Glickman 36 Roger M. Grund 05 31 George D. Wingert 32 Dick Nichols KENTUCKY 01 33 Carroll Hubbard, Jr. 02 33 William H. Natcher 36 Martin A. Tori 03 33 Romano L. Mazzoli 36 Al Brown 04 35 Galen Martin 34 Jim Bunning 05 34 Harold Rogers 06 34 Larry J. Hopkins 07 33 Carl C. Perkins 36 William T. 'Will' Scott LOUISIANA 01 34 Bob Livingston 02 31 William J. Jefferson 31 Marc H. Morial 03 33 W.J. 'Billy' Tauzin 04 34 Jim McCrery 05 33 Jerry Huckaby 06 34 Richard H. Baker 07 33 Jimmy Hayes 08 34 Clyde C. Holloway MAINE 01 31 Thomas H. Andrews 32 David F. Emery 02 35 Patrick K. McGowan 34 Olympia J. Snowe MARYLAND 01 33 Roy Dyson 36 Wayne T. Gilchrest 02 35 Ronald P. Bowers 34 Helen Delich Bentley 03 33 Benjamin L. Cardin 36 Harwood Nichols 04 33 Tom McMillen 36 Robert P. Duckworth 05 33 Steny H. Hoyer 36 Lee F. Breuer 06 33 Beverly B. Byron 36 Christopher P. Fiotes 07 33 Kweisi Mfume 36 Kenneth Kondner 08 35 James Walker, Jr. 34 Constance A. Morella MASSACHUSETTS 01 35 John R. Arden 34 Silvio O. Conte 02 33 Richard E. Neal 03 33 Joseph D. Early 04 33 Barney Frank 36 John R. Soto 05 33 Chester G. Atkins 36 John F. MacGovern 06 33 Nicholas Mavroules 36 Edgar L. Kelley 07 33 Edward J. Markey 08 33 Joseph P. Kennedy II 36 Glenn W. Fiscus 09 33 Joe Moakley 10 33 Gerry E. Studds 36 Jon L. Bryan 11 33 Brian Donnelly MICHIGAN 01 33 John Conyers, Jr. 36 Ray Shoulders 02 35 Elmer White 34 Carl D. Pursell 03 33 Howard Wolpe 36 Brad Haskins 04 35 JoAnne McFarland 34 Fred Upton 05 35 Thomas Trzybinski 34 Paul B. Henry 06 33 Bob Carr 07 33 Dale E. Kildee 36 David J. Morrill 08 33 Bob Traxler 36 James White 09 35 Geraldine Greene 34 Guy Vander Jagt 10 31 Joan Louise Dennison 32 Dave Camp 11 35 Marcia Gould 34 Robert W. Davis 12 33 David E. Bonior 36 Jim Dingeman 13 31 Barbara-Rose Collins 32 Carl R. Edwards 14 33 Dennis M. Hertel 36 Kenneth C. McNealy 15 33 William D. Ford 36 Burl C. Adkins 16 33 John D. Dingell 36 Frank Beaumont 17 33 Sander M. Levin 36 Blaine L. Lankford 18 35 Walter O. Briggs IV 34 William S. Broomfield MINNESOTA 01 33 Timothy J. Penny 36 Doug Andersen 02 35 Jim Stone 34 Vin Weber 03 31 Lewis DeMars 32 Jim Ramstad 04 33 Bruce F. Vento 36 Ian Maitland 05 33 Martin Olav Sabo 36 Raymond 'Buzz' Gilbertson 06 33 Gerry Sikorski 36 Bruce D. Anderson 07 35 Collin C. Peterson 34 Arlan Stangeland 08 33 James L. Oberstar 36 Jerry Shuster MISSISSIPPI 01 33 Jamie L. Whitten 36 Bill Bowlin 02 33 Mike Espy 36 Dorothy Benford 03 33 G.V. 'Sonny' Montgomery 04 33 Mike Parker 36 Jerry 'Rev' Parks 05 33 Gene Taylor 36 Sheila Smith MISSOURI 01 33 William L. 'Bill' Clay 36 Wayne G. Piotrowski 02 35 Joan Kelly Horn 34 Jack Buechner 03 33 Richard A. Gephardt 36 Malcolm L. Holekamp 04 33 Ike Skelton 36 David Eyerly 05 33 Alan Wheat 36 Robert H. Gardner 06 35 Bob McClure 34 E. Thomas Coleman 07 35 Thomas Patrick Deaton 34 Mel Hancock 08 35 Russ Carnahan 34 Bill Emerson 09 33 Harold L. Volkmer 36 Don Curtis MONTANA 01 33 Pat Williams 36 Brad Johnson 02 35 Don Burris 34 Ron Marlenee NEBRASKA 01 35 Larry Hall 34 Doug Bereuter 02 33 Peter Hoagland 36 Ally Milder 03 31 Sandra K. Scofield 32 Bill Barett NEVADA 01 33 James Bilbray 36 Bob Dickinson 02 35 Jane Wisdom 34 Barbara F. Vucanovich NEW HAMPSHIRE 01 31 Joseph F. Keefe 32 Joseph F. Keefe 02 35 Dick Swett 34 Chuck Douglas NEW JERSEY 01 31 Robert E. Andrews 32 Daniel J. Mangini 02 33 William J. Hughes 03 33 Frank Pallone Jr. 36 Paul A. Kapalko 04 35 Mark Setaro 34 Christopher H. Smith 05 35 Lawrence Wayne Olsen 34 Marge Roukema 06 33 Bernard J. Dwyer 36 Paul Danielczyk 07 35 Bruce H. Bergen 34 Matthew J. Rinaldo 08 33 Robert A. Roe 09 33 Robert G. Torricelli 36 Peter J. Russo 10 33 Donald M. Payne 36 Howard E. Berkeley 11 35 Michael Gordon 34 Dean A. Gallo 12 31 Marguerite Chandler 32 Dick Zimmer 13 35 John H. Adler 34 H. James Saxton 14 33 Frank J. Guarini 36 Fred J. Theemling, Jr. NEW MEXICO 01 35 Rebecca Vigil-Giron 34 Steven H. Schiff 02 34 Joe Skeen 03 33 Bill Richardson 36 Phil T. Archuletta NEW YORK 01 33 George J. Hochbrueckner 36 Francis W. Creighton 02 33 Thomas J. Downey 36 John W. Bugler 03 33 Robert J. Mrazek 36 Robert Previdi 04 35 Francis T. Goban 34 Norman F. Lent 05 35 Mark S. Epstein 34 Raymond J. McGrath 06 33 Floyd H. Flake 36 William Sampol 07 33 Gary L. Ackerman 08 33 James H. Scheuer 36 Gustave Reifenkugel 09 33 Thomas J. Manton 36 Ann Pfoser Darby 10 33 Charles E. Schumer 36 Patrick J. Kinsella 11 33 Ed Towns 12 33 Major R. Owens 13 33 Stephen J. Solarz 36 Edwin Ramos 14 35 Anthony J. Pocchia 34 Susan Molinari 15 35 Frances L. Reiter 34 Bill Green 16 33 Charles B. Rangel 17 33 Ted Weiss 36 William W. Koeppel 18 33 Jose E. Serrano 36 Joseph Chiavaro 19 33 Eliot L. Engel 36 William J. Gouldman 20 33 Nita M. Lowey 36 Glenn D. Belitto 21 35 Richard L. Barbuto 34 Hamilton Fish, Jr. 22 35 John G. Dow 34 Benjamin A. Gilman 23 33 Michael R. McNulty 36 Margaret B. Buhrmaster 24 35 Bob Lawrence 34 Gerald B.H. Solomon 25 34 Sherwood Boehlert 26 34 David O'B. Martin 27 35 Peggy L. Murray 34 James T. Walsh 28 33 Matthew F. McHugh 36 Seymour Krieger 29 35 Alton F. Eber 34 Frank Horton 30 33 Louise M. Slaughter 36 John M. Regan, Jr. 31 35 Kevin P. Gaughan 34 Bill Paxon 32 33 John J. LaFalce 36 Michael T. Waring 33 33 Henry J. Nowak 36 Thomas K. Kepfer 34 35 Joseph P. Leahey 34 Amo Houghton NORTH CAROLINA 01 33 Walter B. Jones 36 Howard D. Moye 02 33 Tim Valentine 36 Hal C. Sharpe 03 33 H. Martin Lancaster 36 Don Davis 04 33 David E. Price 36 John Carrington 05 33 Stephen L. Neal 36 Ken Bell 06 35 Helen R. Allegrone 34 Howard Coble 07 33 Charlie Rose 36 Robert C. Anderson 08 33 W.G. 'Bill' Hefner 36 Ted Blanton 09 35 David P. McKnight 34 Alex McMillan 10 35 Daniel R. Green Jr. 34 Cass Ballenger 11 33 James McClure Clarke 36 Charles H. Taylor NORTH DAKOTA 01 33 Byron L. Dorgan 36 Edward T. Schafer OHIO 01 31 Charles Luken 32 J. Kenneth Blackwell 02 35 Tyrone K. Yates 34 Bill Gradison 03 33 Tony P. Hall 04 35 Thomas E. Burkhart 34 Michael G. Oxley 05 35 P. Scott Mange 34 Paul E. Gillmor 06 35 Ray Mitchell 34 Bob McEwen 07 31 Jack Schira 32 David L. Hobson 08 31 Gregory V. Jolivette 32 John A. Boehner 09 33 Marcy Kaptur 36 Jerry D. Lammers 10 35 John M. Buchanan 34 Clarence E. Miller 11 33 Dennis E. Eckart 36 Margaret R. Mueller 12 35 Mike Gelpi 34 John R. Kasich 13 33 Don J. Pease 36 William D. Nielsen 14 33 Thomas C. Sawyer 36 Jean E. Bender 15 35 Thomas V. Erney 34 Chalmers P. Wylie 16 35 Warner D. Mendenhall 34 Ralph Regula 17 33 James A. Traficant, Jr. 36 Robert R. DeJulio, Jr. 18 33 Doug Applegate 36 John A. Hales 19 33 Edward F. Feighan 36 Susan M. Lawko 20 33 Mary Rose Oakar 36 Bill Smith 21 33 Louis Stokes 36 Franklin H. Roski OKLAHOMA 01 35 Kurt G. Glassco 34 James M. Inhofe 02 33 Mike Synar 36 Terry M. Gorham 03 31 Bill Brewster 32 Patrick K. Miller 04 33 Dave McCurdy 36 Howard Bell 05 35 Bryce Baggett 34 Mickey Edwards 06 33 Glenn English 36 Robert Burns OREGON 01 33 Les AuCoin 36 Earl Molander 02 35 Jim Smiley 34 Bob Smith 03 33 Ron Wyden 36 Philip E. Mooney 04 33 Peter A. DeFazio 05 35 Mike Kopetski 34 Denny Smith PENNSYLVANIA 01 33 Thomas M. Foglietta 36 James Love Jackson 02 33 William H. Gray III 36 Donald Bakove 03 33 Robert A. Borski 36 Joseph Marc McColgan 04 33 Joe Kolter 36 Gordon R. Johnston 05 35 Samuel C. Stretton 34 Richard T. Schulze 06 33 Gus Yatron 36 John F. Hicks 07 35 John Innelli 34 Curt Weldon 08 33 Peter H. Kostmayer 36 Audrie Zettick Schaller 09 34 Bud Shuster 10 34 Joseph M. McDade 11 33 Paul E. Kanjorski 12 33 John P. Murtha 36 Willeam Choby 13 35 Bernard Tomkin 34 Lawrence Coughlin 14 33 William J. Coyne 36 Richard Edward Caligiuri 15 35 Richard J. Orloski 34 Don Ritter 16 35 Ernest Eric Guyll 34 Robert S. Walker 17 34 George W. Gekas 18 33 Doug Walgren 36 Rick Santorum 19 34 Bill Goodling 20 33 Joseph M. Gaydos 36 Robert C. Lee 21 34 Tom Ridge 22 33 Austin J. Murphy 36 Suzanne Hayden 23 35 Daniel J. Shannon 34 William F. Clinger, Jr. RHODE ISLAND 01 35 Scott Wolf 34 Ronald K. Machtley 02 31 John F. Reed 32 Gertrude M. "Trudy" Coxe SOUTH CAROLINA 01 35 Eugene Platt 34 Arthur Ravenel Jr. 02 34 Floyd D. Spence 03 33 Butler Derrick 36 Ray Haskett 04 33 Liz J. Patterson 36 Terry E. Haskins 05 33 John M. Spratt Jr. 06 33 Robin Tallon SOUTH DAKOTA 01 33 Tim Johnson 36 Don Frankenfeld TENNESSEE 01 34 James H. Quillen 02 34 John 'Jimmy' Duncan, Jr. 03 33 Marilyn Lloyd 36 Grady L. Rhoden 04 33 Jim Cooper 36 Claiborne 'Clay' Sanders 05 33 Bob Clement 06 33 Bart Gordon 36 Gregory Cochran 07 35 Ken Bloodworth 34 Don Sundquist 08 33 John Tanner 09 33 Harold E. Ford 36 Aaron C. Davis TEXAS 01 33 Jim Chapman 36 Hamp Hodges 02 33 Charles Wilson 36 Donna Peterson 03 34 Steve Bartlett 04 33 Ralph M. Hall 05 33 John Bryant 36 Jerry D. Rucker 06 35 John E. Welch 34 Joe L. Barton 07 34 Bill Archer 08 34 Jack Fields 09 33 Jack Brooks 36 Maury Meyers 10 33 J.J. 'Jake' Pickle 36 David Beilharz 11 31 Chet Edwards 32 Hugh D. Shine 12 33 Pete Geren 36 Mike McGinn 13 33 Bill Sarpalius 36 Dick Waterfield 14 33 Greg Laughlin 36 Joe Dial 15 33 E. 'Kika' De La Garza 16 33 Ronald D. Coleman 17 33 Charles W. Stenholm 18 33 Craig Washington 19 34 Larry Combest 20 33 Henry B. Gonzalez 21 35 Kirby J. Roberts 34 Lamar Smith 22 35 Bruce Director 34 Tom DeLay 23 33 Albert G. Bustamante 36 Jerome L.'Jerry' Gonzales 24 33 Martin Frost 25 33 Michael A. Andrews 26 35 John Wayne Caton 34 Dick Armey 27 33 Solomon P. Ortiz UTAH 01 35 Kenley Brunsdale 34 James V. Hansen 02 33 Wayne Owens 36 Genevieve Atwood 03 31 Bill Orton 32 Karl Snow VERMONT 01 30 Bernard Sanders (Independent) 34 Peter Smith VIRGINIA 01 35 Andrew H. 'Andy' Fox 34 Herbert H. Bateman 02 33 Owen B. Pickett 03 35 Jay Starke 34 Thomas J. Bliley, Jr. 04 33 Norman Sisisky 05 33 Lewis F. Payne, Jr. 06 33 James R. 'Jim' Olin 07 35 David M. Smith 34 D. French Slaughter, Jr. 08 35 James P. Moran, Jr. 34 Stanford E. 'Stan' Parris 09 33 Rick Boucher 10 35 N. MacKenzie Canter III 34 Frank R. Wolf WASHINGTON 01 35 Cynthia Sullivan 34 John Miller 02 33 Al Swift 36 Doug Smith 03 33 Jolene Unsoeld 36 Bob Williams 04 35 Ole Hougen 34 Sid Morrison 05 33 Thomas S. Foley 36 Marlyn A. Derby 06 33 Norm Dicks 36 Norbert Mueller 07 33 Jim McDermott 36 Larry Penberthy 08 35 David E. Giles 34 Rod Chandler WEST VIRGINIA 01 33 Alan B. Mollohan 36 Howard K. Tuck 02 33 Harley O. Staggers Jr. 36 Oliver Luck 03 33 Bob Wise 04 33 Nick J. Rahall II 36 Marianne R. Brewster WISCONSIN 01 33 Les Aspin 02 33 Robert W. Kastenmeier 36 Scott L. Klug 03 35 James L. Ziegeweid 34 Steve Gunderson 04 33 Gerald D. Kleczka 36 Joseph L. Cook 05 33 Jim Moody 36 Donald Arnel Hammersmith 06 34 Thomas E. Petri 07 33 David R. Obey 36 John L. McEwen 08 35 Jerome Van Sistine 34 Toby Roth 09 34 F. James Sensenbrenner Jr WYOMING 01 35 Pete Maxfield 34 Craig Thomas U.S. HOUSE CANDIDATES - 1992 DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN CD # NAME # NAME ALABAMA 01 35 William A. Brewer 34 Sonny Callahan 02 31 George C. Wallace, Jr. 32 Terry Everett 03 33 Glenn Browder 36 Don Sledge 04 33 Tom Bevill 36 Mickey Strickland 05 31 Bud Cramer 32 Terry Smith 06 33 Ben Erdreich 36 Spencer Bachus 07 31 Earl F. Hilliard 32 Kervin Jones ALASKA 01 35 John S. Devens 34 Don Young ARIZONA 01 35 Sam Coppersmith 34 John J. Rhodes III 02 33 Ed Pastor 36 Don Shooter 03 35 Roger Hartstone 34 Bob Stump 04 35 Walter Mybeck II 34 Jon Kyl 05 35 Jim Toevs 34 Jim Kolbe 06 31 Karan English 32 Doug Wead ARKANSAS 01 31 Blanche Lambert 32 Terry Hayes 02 33 Ray Thornton 36 Dennis Scott 03 31 John VanWinkle 32 Tim Hutchinson 04 31 W.J. "Bill" McCuen 32 Jay Dickey CALIFORNIA 01 35 Dan Hamburg 34 Frank Riggs 02 35 Elliot Roy Freedman 34 Wally Herger 03 33 Vic Fazio 36 H.L. Richardson 04 35 Patricia Malberg 34 John T. Doolittle 05 33 Robert T. Matsui 36 Robert S. Dinsmore 06 31 Lynn Woolsey 32 Bill Filante 07 33 George Miller 36 Dave Scholl 08 33 Nancy Pelosi 36 Mark Wolin 09 33 Ronald V. Dellums 36 G. William Hunter 10 31 Wendell H. Williams 32 Bill Baker 11 31 Patricia Garamendi 32 Richard W. Pombo 12 33 Tom Lantos 36 Jim Tomlin 13 33 Pete Stark 36 Verne Teyler 14 31 Anna G. Eshoo 32 Tom Huening 15 33 Norman Y. Mineta 36 Robert Wick 16 33 DdDon Edwards 36 Ted Bundesen 17 33 Leon Panetta 36 Bill McCampbell 18 33 Gary Condit 19 33 Richard H. Lehman 36 Tal L. Cloud 20 33 Calvin Dooley 36 Ed Hunt 21 35 Deborah A. Vollmer 34 Bill Thomas 22 31 Gloria Ochoa 32 Michael Huffington 23 35 Anita Perez Ferguson 34 Elton Gallegly 24 33 Anthony C. Beilenson 36 Tom McClintock 25 31 James H. "Gil" Gilmartin 32 Howard P. McKeon 26 33 Howard L. Berman 36 Gary Forsch 27 35 Doug Kahn 34 Carlos J. Moorhead 28 35 Al Wachtel 34 David Dreier 29 33 Henry A. Waxman 36 Mark A. Robbins 30 31 Xavier Becerra 32 Morry Waksberg 31 33 Matthew G. Martinez 36 Reuben D. Franco 32 33 Julian C. Dixon 33 31 Lucille Roybal-Allard 32 Robert Guzman 34 33 Esteban E. Torres 36 J. "Jay" Hernandez 35 33 Maxine Waters 36 Nate Truman 36 31 Jane Harman 32 Joan Milke Flores 37 31 Walter R. Tucker 32 B. Kwaku Duren 38 31 Evan Anderson Braude 32 Steve Horn 39 31 Molly McClanahan 32 Ed Royce 40 35 Donald M. Rusk 34 Jerry Lewis 41 31 Bob Baker 32 Jay C. Kim 42 33 George E. Brown, Jr. 36 Dick Rutan 43 31 Mark Takano 32 Ken Calvert 44 35 Georgia Smith 34 Al McCandless 45 35 Patricia McCabe 34 Dana Rohrabacher 46 35 Robert John Banuelos 34 Robert K. Dornan 47 35 John F. Anwiler 34 C. Christopher Cox 48 35 Michael Farber 34 Ron Packard 49 31 Lynn Schenk 32 Judy Jarvis 50 31 Bob Filner 32 Tony Valencia 51 35 Bea Herbert 34 Randy Cunningham 52 31 Janet M. Gastil 32 Duncan Hunter COLORADO 01 33 Patricia Schroeder 36 Raymond Diaz Aragon 02 33 David E. Skaggs 36 Brian Day 03 31 Mike Callihan 32 Scott McInnis 04 35 Tom Reddar 34 Wayne Allard 05 35 Charles A. Oriez 34 Joel Hefley 06 35 Tom Kolbe 34 Dan Schaefer CONNECTICUT 01 33 Barbara B. Kennelly 36 Philip L. Steele 02 33 Sam Gejdenson 36 Edward M. Munster 03 31 Rosa DeLauro 32 Thomas Scott 04 35 Dave Schropfer 34 Christopher Shays 05 35 James J. Lawlor 34 Gary Franks 06 35 Eugene F. Slason 34 Nancy L. Johnson DELAWARE 01 31 S.B. Woo 32 Michael N. Castle FLORIDA 01 33 Earl Hutto 36 Terry Ketchel 02 33 Pete Peterson 36 Ray Wagner 03 31 Corrine Brown 32 Don Weidner 04 31 Mattox Hair 32 Tillie Fowler 05 31 Karen L. Thurman 32 Tom Hogan 06 35 Phil Denton 34 Cliff Stearns 07 31 Dan Webster 32 John L. Mica 08 35 Chuck Kovaleski 34 Bill McCollum 09 35 Cheryl Davis Knapp 34 Michael Bilirakis 10 35 Karen Moffitt 34 C.W. Bill Young 11 33 Sam M. Gibbons 36 Mark Sharpe 12 31 Tom Mims 32 Charles T. Canady 13 31 Rand Snell 32 Dan Miller 14 34 Porter J. Goss 15 33 Jim Bacchus 34 Bill Tolley 16 35 John P. Comerford 35 Tom Lewis 17 31 Carrie Meek 18 35 Magda Montiel Davis 34 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen 19 33 Harry A. Johnston 36 Larry Metz 20 31 Peter Deutsch 32 Beverly Kennedy 21 32 Lincoln Diaz-Balart 22 35 Gwen Margolis 34 E. Clay Shaw, Jr. 23 31 Alcee L. Hastings 32 Ed Fielding GEORGIA 01 31 Barbara Christmas 32 Jack Kingston 02 31 Sanford Bishop 32 Jim Dudley 03 33 Richard Ray 36 Mac Collins 04 31 Cathey Steinberg 32 John Linder 05 33 John Lewis 36 Paul R. Stabler 06 35 Tony Center 34 Newt Gingrich 07 33 George 'Buddy' Darden 36 Al Beverly 08 33 J. Roy Rowland 36 Robert F. Cunningham 09 31 Nathan Deal 32 Daniel Becker 10 31 Don Johnson 32 Ralph Hudgens 11 31 Cynthia McKinney 32 Woodrow Lovett HAWAII 01 33 Neil Abercrombie 36 Warner Kimo Sutton 02 33 Patsy T. Mink 36 Kamuela Price IDAHO 01 33 Larry LaRocco 36 Rachel S. Gilbert 02 31 J.D. Williams 32 Michael D. Crapo ILLINOIS 01 31 Bobby L. Rush 32 Jay Walker 02 31 Mel Reynolds 32 Ron Blackstone 03 33 William O. Lipinski 36 Harry C. Lepinske 04 31 Luis V. Gutierrez 32 Hild. Rodriguez- Schieman 05 33 Dan Rostenkowski 36 Elias R. Zenkich 06 35 Barry W. Watkins 34 Henry J. Hyde 07 33 Cardiss Collins 36 Norman G. Boccio 08 35 Sheilla A. Smith 34 Philip M. Crane 09 33 Sidney R. Yates 36 Herbert Sohn 10 35 Michael J. Kennedy 34 John Porter 11 33 George Sangmeister 36 Robert Herbolsheimer 12 33 Jerry F. Costello 36 Mike Starr 13 35 Dennis Michael Temple 34 Harris W. Fawell 14 35 Jonathan Abram Reich 34 Dennis Hastert 15 35 Charles D. Mattis 34 Thomas W. Ewing 16 33 John W. Cox, Jr. 36 Donald Manzullo 17 33 Lane Evans 36 Ken Schloemer 18 35 Ronald C. Hawkins 34 Robert H. Michel 19 33 Glenn Poshard 36 Douglas E. Lee 20 33 Richard J. Durbin 36 John M. Shimkus INDIANA 01 33 Peter J. Visclosky 36 David J. Vucich 02 33 Philip R. Sharp 36 William G. Frazier 03 33 Timothy J. 'Tim' Roemer 36 Carl H. Baxmeyer 04 33 Jill Long 36 Charles W. Pierson 05 33 Jim Jontz 36 Steve Beyer 06 35 Natalie M. Bruner 34 Dan Burton 07 35 Ellen E. Wedum 34 John T. Myers 08 33 Frank McCloskey 36 Richard E. Mourdock 09 33 Lee H. Hamilton 36 Michael E. Bailey 10 33 Andrew Jacobs Jr. 36 Janos Horvath IOWA 01 35 Jan J. Zonneveld 34 Jim Leach 02 33 Dave Nagle 34 Jim Nussle 03 35 Elaine Baxter 34 Jim Ross Lightfoot 04 33 Neal Smith 36 Paul Lunde 05 34 Fred Grandy KANSAS 01 35 Duane West 34 Pat Roberts 02 33 Jim Slattery 36 Jim Van Slyke 03 35 Tom Love 34 Jan Meyers 04 33 Dan Glickman 36 Eric R. Yost KENTUCKY 01 31 Tom Barlow 32 Steve Hamrick 02 33 William H. Natcher 36 Bruce R. Bartley 03 33 Romano L. Mazzoli 36 Susan B. Stokes 04 35 Dr. Floyd G. Poore 34 Jim Bunning 05 35 John Doug Hays 34 Harold Rogers 06 31 Scotty Baesler 32 Charles W. Ellinger LOUISIANA 01 34 Bob Livingston 02 31 William J. Jefferson 03 33 W.J. 'Billy' Tauzin 04 31 Cleo Fields 05 33 Jerry Huckaby 34 Jim McCrery 06 34 Richard H. Baker 34 Clyde C. Holloway MAINE 01 33 Thomas H. Andrews 32 Linda Bean 02 35 Patrick K. McGowan 34 Olympia J. Snowe MARYLAND 01 33 Tom McMillen 34 Wayne T. Gilchrest 02 35 Michael C. Hickey, Jr. 34 Helen Delich Bentley 03 33 Benjamin L. Cardin 36 William T.S. Bricker 04 31 Albert R. Wynn 32 Michele Dyson 05 33 Steny H. Hoyer 36 Lawrence J. Hogan 06 31 Thomas H. Hattery 32 Roscoe G. Bartlett 07 33 Kweisi Mfume 36 Kenneth Kondner 08 35 Edward J. Hefferman 34 Constance A. Morella MASSACHUSETTS 01 33 John W. Olver 36 Patrick Larkin 02 33 Richard E. Neal 36 Anthony W. Ravosa 03 33 Joseph D. Early 36 Peter I. Blute 04 33 Barney Frank 36 Edward J. McCormick 05 33 Martin T. Meehan 36 Paul W. Cronin 06 33 Nicholas Mavroules 36 Peter G. Torkildsen 07 33 Edward J. Markey 36 Stephen A. Sohn 08 33 Joseph P. Kennedy II 09 33 Joe Moakley 36 Martin D. Conboy 10 33 Gerry E. Studds 36 Daniel W. Daly MICHIGAN 01 31 Bart Supak 32 Philip E. Ruppe 02 31 John H. Miltner 32 Peter Hoekstra 03 35 Carol Kooistraa 34 Paul B. Henry 04 35 Lisa A. Donaldson 34 Dave Camp 05 31 James A. Barcia 32 Keith Muxlow 06 35 Andy Davis 34 Fred Upton 07 32 Nick Smith 08 33 Bob Carr 36 Dick Chrysler 09 33 Dale E. Kildee 36 Megan O'Neil 10 33 David E. Bonior 36 Douglas Carl 11 31 Walter Briggs 32 Joe Knollenberg 12 33 Sander M. Levin 36 John Pappageorge 13 33 William D. Ford 36 R. Robert Geake 14 33 John Conyers, Jr. 36 John W. Gordon 15 33 Barbara-Rose Collins 36 Charles C. Vincent 16 33 John D. Dingell 36 Frank Beaumont MINNESOTA 01 33 Timothy J. Penny 36 Timothy R. Droogsma 02 31 David Minge 32 Cal R. Ludeman 03 35 Paul Mandell 34 Jim Ramstad 04 33 Bruce F. Vento 36 Ian Maitland 05 33 Martin Olav Sabo 36 Stephen A. Moriarty 06 33 Gerry Sikorski 36 Rod Grams 07 33 Collin C. Peterson 36 Bernie Omann 08 33 James L. Oberstar 36 Phil Herwig MISSISSIPPI 01 33 Jamie L. Whitten 36 Clyde E. Whitaker 02 33 Mike Espy 36 Dorothy Benford 03 33 G.V. 'Sonny' Montgomery 36 Michael E. Williams 04 33 Mike Parker 36 Jack L. McMillan 05 33 Gene Taylor 36 Paul Harvey MISSOURI 01 33 William L. 'Bill' Clay 36 Arthur S. Montgomery 02 33 Joan Kelly Horn 36 James M. Talent 03 33 Richard A. Gephardt 36 Malcolm L. Holekamp 04 33 Ike Skelton 36 Ike Skelton 05 33 Alan Wheat 36 Edward "Gomer" Moody 06 35 Pat Danner 34 E. Thomas Coleman 07 35 Thomas Patrick Deaton 34 Mel Hancock 08 35 Thad Bullock 34 Bill Emerson 09 33 Harold L. Volkmer 36 Rick Hardy MONTANA 01 33 Pat Williams 34 Ron Marlenee NEBRASKA 01 35 Gerry Finnegan 34 Doug Bereuter 02 33 Peter Hoagland 36 Ronald Staskiewicz 03 35 Lowell Fisher 34 Bill Barett NEVADA 01 33 James Bilbray 36 J. Coy Pettyjohn 02 35 Pete Sferrazza 34 Barbara Vucanovich NEW HAMPSHIRE 01 35 Joseph F. Keefe 34 Bill Zeliff 02 35 Dick Swett 34 Bill Hatch NEW JERSEY 01 33 Robert E. Andrews 36 Lee A. Solomon 02 33 William J. Hughes 36 Frank A. LoBiondo 03 35 Timothy E. Ryan 34 H. James Saxton 04 35 Brian M. Hughes 34 Christopher H. Smith 05 35 Frank R. Lucas 34 Marge Roukema 06 33 Frank Pallone, Jr. 36 Joseph M. Kyrillos 07 35 Leonard R. Sendelsky 34 Bob Franks 08 33 Herbert C. Klein 36 Joseph L. Bubba 09 33 Robert G. Torricelli 36 Patrick J. Roma 10 33 Donald M. Payne 36 Alfred D. Palermo 11 35 Ona Spiridellis 34 Dean A. Gallo 12 35 Frank G. Abate 34 Dick Zimmer 13 31 Robert Menendez 32 Fred J. Theemling NEW MEXICO 01 35 Robert J. Aragon 34 Steven H. Schiff 02 35 Dan Sosa, Jr. 34 Joe Skeen 03 33 Bill Richardson 36 F. Gregg Bemis, Jr. NEW YORK 01 33 George J. Hochbrueckner 36 Edward P. Romaine 02 33 Thomas J. Downey 36 Rick A. Lazio 03 31 Steve A. Orlins 32 Peter C. King 04 31 Philip Schiliro 32 Vincent Garbitelli 05 33 Gary L. Ackerman 36 Allen E. Binder 06 33 Floyd H. Flake 36 Dianand Bhagwandin 07 33 Thomas J. Manton 36 Dennis C. Shea 08 31 Jerrold Nadler 32 David L. Askren 09 33 Charles E. Schumer 36 Alice E. Gaffney 10 33 Edolphus Towns 36 Owen Augustin 11 33 Major R. Owens 36 Michael Gaffney 12 31 Nydia M. Velazquez 32 Angel Diaz 13 35 Sal F. Albanese 34 Susan Molinari 14 35 Carolyn B. Maloney 34 Bill Green 15 33 Charles B. Rangel 16 33 Jose E. Serrano 36 Michael Walters 17 33 Eliot L. Engel 36 Martin Richman 18 33 Nita M. Lowey 36 Joseph J. DioGuardi 19 35 Neil McCarthy 34 Hamilton Fish Jr. 20 35 Jonathan L. Levine 34 Benjamin A. Gilman 21 33 Michael R. McNulty 36 Nancy Norman 22 35 David Roberts 34 Gerald B.H. Solomon 23 35 Paula DiPerna 34 Sherwood Boehlert 24 31 Margaret M. Ravenscroft 32 John M. McHugh 25 35 Rhea Jezer 34 James T. Walsh 26 31 Maurice D. Hinchey 32 Bob Moppert 27 35 W. Douglas Call 34 Bill Paxon 28 33 Louise M. Slaughter 36 William P. Polito 29 33 John LaFalce 36 William E. Miller 30 31 Dennis Gorski 32 Jack Quinn 31 35 Joseph P. Leahey 34 Amo Houghton NORTH CAROLINA 01 31 Eva Clayton 32 Ted Tyler 02 33 Tim Valentine 36 Don Davis 03 33 H. Martin Lancaster 36 Tommy Pollard 04 33 David E. Price 36 Virginia Rothrock Goudie 05 33 Stephen L. Neal 36 Richard M. Burr 06 35 Robin Hood 34 Howard Coble 07 33 Charlie Rose 36 Robert C. Anderson 08 33 W.G. 'Bill' Hefner 36 Coy C. Privette 09 35 Rory Blake 34 Alex McMillan 10 35 Ben Neill 34 Cass Ballenger 11 35 John S. Stevens 34 Charles H. Taylor NORTH DAKOTA 01 31 Earl Pomeroy 32 John T. Korsmo OHIO 01 31 David Mann 32 Steve Grote 02 35 Thomas R. Chandler 34 Bill Gradison 03 33 Tony P. Hall 36 Peter W. Davis 04 35 Raymond M. Ball 34 Michael G. Oxley 05 34 Paul E. Gillmor 06 35 Ted Strickland 34 Bob McEwen 07 35 Clifford S. Heskett 34 David L. Hobson 08 35 Fred Sennet 34 John A. Boehner 09 33 Marcy Kaptur 36 Ken D. Brown 10 33 Mary Rose Oakar 36 Martin R. Hoke 11 33 Louis Stokes 36 Beryl E. Rothschild 12 35 Bob Fitrakis 34 John R. Kasich 13 31 Sherrod Brown 32 Margaret R. Mueller 14 33 Thomas C. Sawyer 36 Robert Morgan 15 31 Richard Cordray 32 Deborah Price 16 35 Warner D. Mendenhall 34 Ralph Regula 17 33 James A. Traficant, Jr. 36 Salvatore Pansino 18 33 Doug Applegate 36 Bill Ress 19 31 Eric D. Fingerhut 32 Robert A. Gardner OKLAHOMA 01 35 John Selph 34 James M. Inhofe 02 33 Mike Synar 36 Jerry Hill 03 33 Bill Brewster 36 Robert W. Stokes 04 33 Dave McCurdy 36 Howard Bell 05 31 Laurie Williams 32 Ernest Jim Istook 06 33 Glenn English 36 Bob Anthony OREGON 01 31 Elizabeth Furse 32 Tony Meeker 02 35 Denzel Ferguson 34 Bob Smith 03 33 Ron Wyden 36 Al Ritter 04 33 Peter A. DeFazio 36 Richard L. Schulz 05 33 Mike Kopetski 36 Jim Seagraves PENNSYLVANIA 01 33 Thomas M. Foglietta 36 Craig Snyder 02 33 Lucien E. Blackwell 36 Larry Hollin 03 33 Robert A. Borski 36 Charles F. Dougherty 04 31 Ron Klink 32 Gordon R. Johnston 05 34 William F. Clinger 06 33 Tim Holden 36 John E. Jones 07 35 Frank Daly 34 Curt Weldon 08 33 Peter H. Kostmayer 36 Jim Greenwood 09 34 Bud Shuster 10 34 Joseph M. McDade 11 33 Paul E. Kanjorski 36 Michael A. Fescina 12 33 John P. Murtha 13 31 Marjorie Margolies Mezvinsky 32 Jon D. Fox 14 33 William J. Coyne 36 Byron W. King 15 35 Paul McHale 34 Don Ritter 16 35 Robert Peters 34 Robert S. Walker 17 35 Bill Sturges 34 George W. Gekas 18 35 Frank A. Pecora 34 Rick Santorum 19 35 Paul V. Kilker 34 Bill Goodling 20 33 Austin J. Murphy 36 Bill Townsend 21 35 John C. Harkins 34 Tom Ridge RHODE ISLAND 01 35 David R. Carlin, Jr. 34 Ronald K. Machtley 02 33 John F. Reed 36 James W. Bell SOUTH CAROLINA 01 35 Bill Oberst, Jr. 34 Arthur Ravenel Jr. 02 34 Floyd D. Spence 03 33 Butler Derrick 36 Jim Bland 04 33 Liz J. Patterson 36 Bob Inglis 05 33 John M. Spratt Jr. 36 Bill Horne 06 31 James E. Clyburn 32 John Chase SOUTH DAKOTA 01 33 Tim Johnson 36 John Timmer TENNESSEE 01 35 J. Carr "Jack" Christian 34 James H. Quillen 02 35 Troy Goodale 34 John 'Jimmy' Duncan 03 33 Marilyn Lloyd 36 Zach Wamp 04 33 Jim Cooper 36 Dale Johnson 05 33 Bob Clement 36 Tom Stone 06 33 Bart Gordon 36 Marsha Blackburn 07 35 David R. Davis 34 Don Sundquist 08 33 John Tanner 09 33 Harold E. Ford 36 Charles L. Black TEXAS 01 33 Jim Chapman 02 33 Charles Wilson 36 Donna Peterson 03 34 Sam Johnson 04 33 Ralph M. Hall 36 David L. Bridges 05 33 John Bryant 36 Richard Stokley 06 35 John Dietrich 34 Joe L. Barton 07 34 Bill Archer 08 35 Charles Robinson 34 Jack Fields 09 33 Jack Brooks 36 Steve Stockman 10 33 J.J. 'Jake' Pickle 36 Herbert Spiro 11 33 Chet Edwards 32 James W. Broyles 12 33 Pete Geren 36 David Hobbs 13 33 Bill Sarpalius 36 Beau Boulter 14 33 Greg Laughlin 36 Humberto J. Garza 15 33 E. 'Kika' De La Garza 36 Tom Haughey 16 33 Ronald D. Coleman 36 Chip Taberski 17 33 Charles W. Stenholm 36 Jeannie Sadowski 18 33 Craig Washington 36 Edward Blum 19 35 Terry Lee Moser 34 Larry Combest 20 33 Henry B. Gonzalez 21 35 James M. Gaddy 34 Lamar Smith 22 35 Richard Konrad 34 Tom DeLay 23 33 Albert G. Bustamante 36 Henry Bonilla 24 33 Martin Frost 36 Steve Masterson 25 33 Michael A. Andrews 36 Dolly Madison McKenna 26 35 John Wayne Caton 34 Dick Armey 27 33 Solomon P. Ortiz 36 Jay Kimbrough 28 31 Trank Tejeda 29 31 Gene Green 32 Clark Kent Ervin 30 31 Eddie Bernice Johnson 32 Lucy Cain UTAH 01 35 Ron Holt 34 James V. Hansen 02 31 Karen Shepherd 32 Enid Greene 03 33 Bill Orton 36 Richard Harrington VERMONT 01 35 Lewis E. Young 36 James H. Douglas 30 Bernard Sanders (Independent Incumbent) VIRGINIA 01 35 Andrew H. 'Andy' Fox 34 Herbert H. Bateman 02 33 Owen B. Pickett 36 J.L. "Jim" Chapman 03 31 Robert C. Scott 32 Daniel Jenkins 04 33 Norman Sisisky 36 A.J. "Tony" Zegvolis 05 33 Lewis F. Payne, Jr. 36 W.A. "Bill" Hurlburt 06 31 Stephen Alan Musselwhite 32 Robert W. Goodlatte 07 34 Thomas J. Bliley, 08 33 James P. Moran, Jr. 36 Kyle E. McSlarrow 09 33 Rick Boucher 36 L. Garrett Weddle 10 35 Raymond E. Vickery 34 Frank R. Wolf 11 31 Leslie L. Byrne 32 Henry N. Butler WASHINGTON 01 31 Maria Cantwell 32 Gary Nelson 02 33 Al Swift 36 Jack Metcalf 03 33 Jolene Unsoeld 36 Pat Fiske 04 31 Jay Inslee 32 Richard Hastings 05 33 Thomas S. Foley 36 John Sonneland 06 33 Norm Dicks 36 Lauri J. Phillips 07 33 Jim McDermott 36 Glenn C. Hampson 08 31 George O. Tamblyn 32 Jennifer Dunn 09 31 Mike Kreidler 32 Pete von Reichbauer WEST VIRGINIA 01 33 Alan B. Mollohan 02 33 Bob Wise 36 Samuel A. Cravotta 03 33 Nick J. Rahall II 36 Ben Waldman WISCONSIN 01 33 Les Aspin 36 Mark Neumann 02 35 Ada E. Deer 34 Scott L. Klug 03 35 Paul Sacia 34 Steve Gunderson 04 33 Gerald D. Kleczka 36 Joseph L. Cook 05 31 Thomas M. Barrett 32 Donald Hammersmith 06 35 Peggy A. Lautenschlager 34 Thomas E. Petri 07 33 David R. Obey 36 Dale R. Vannes 08 35 Catherine L. Helms 34 Toby Roth 09 35 Ingrid K. Buxton 34 James Sensenbrenner WYOMING 01 35 Jon Herschler 34 Craig Thomas >> IX.B. SENATE CANDIDATE LISTS/CODES (1988, 1990, 1992) 1988 STATES WITH SENATE RACE: DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES ARIZONA 13. Dennis DeConcini 16. Keith DeGreen CALIFORNIA 15. Leo T. McCarthy 14. Pete Wilson CONNECTICUT 15. Joseph Lieberman 14. Lowell Weicker DELAWARE 15. S. B. Woo 14. William Roth, Jr. FLORIDA 11. Buddy MacKay 12. Connie Mack HAWAII 13. Spark M. Matsunaga 14. Maria Hustace INDIANA 15. Jack Wickes 14. Richard Lugar MAINE 13. George J. Mitchell 16. Jasper Wyman MARYLAND 13. Paul Sarbanes 16. Alan L. Keyes MASSACHUSETTS 13. Edward M. Kennedy 16. Joseph Malone MICHIGAN 13. Donald Riegle, Jr. 16. Jim Dunn MINNESOTA 15. Hubert Humphrey III 14. David Durenberger MISSISSIPPI 11. Wayne Dowdy 12. Trent Lott MISSOURI 15. J.W. "Jay" Nixon 14. John C. Danforth MONTANA 13. John Melcher 16. Conrad Burns NEBRASKA 15. Robert Kerrey 14. David K. Karns NEVADA 15. Richard H. Bryan 14. Jacob "Chic" Hecht NEW JERSEY 13. Frank Lautenberg 16. Pete Dawkins NEW MEXICO 13. Jeff Bingaman 16. William Valentine NEW YORK 13. Daniel Moynihan 16. Robert McMillan NORTH DAKOTA 13. Quentin Burdick 16. Earl Strinden OHIO 13. Howard Metzenbaum 16. George Voinovich PENNSYLVANIA 15. Joseph Vignola 14. John Heinz RHODE ISLAND 15. Richard Licht 14. John H. Chaffee TENNESSEE 13. Jim Sasser 16. Bill Anderson TEXAS 13. Lloyd Bentsen 16. Beau Bolter UTAH 15. Brian H. Moss 14. Orrin G. Hatch VERMONT 11. William Gray 12. James Jeffords VIRGINIA 11. Charles S. Robb 12. Rev. M. Dawkins WASHINGTON 11. Mike Lowry 12. Slade Gorton WEST VIRGINIA 13. Robert C. Byrd 16. Jay Wolfe WISCONSIN 11. Herbert Kohl 12. Susan Engeleiter WYOMING 15. John Vinich 14. Malcolm Wallop KEY TO DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICAN 11. Democratic candidate - 12. Republican candidate - no running incumbent no running incumbent 13. Democratic running 14. Republican running incumbent incumbent 15. Democratic challenger to 16. Republican challenger to running Republican incumbent running Democratic incumbent 1988 STATES WITH SENATE RACE: SENATOR WITH TERM NOT UP ARIZONA 29. John McCain CALIFORNIA 19. Alan Cranston CONNECTICUT 19. Christopher Dodd DELAWARE 19. Joseph Biden FLORIDA 19. Bob Graham HAWAII 19. Daniel Inouye INDIANA 29. Danforth Quayle MAINE 29. William Cohen MARYLAND 19. Barbara Mikulski MASSACHUSETTS 19. John F. Kerry MICHIGAN 19. Carl Levin MINNESOTA 29. Rudy Boschwitz MISSISSIPPI 29. Thad Cochran MISSOURI 29. Kit Bond MONTANA 19. Max Baucus NEBRASKA 19. James Exon NEVADA 19. Harry Reid NEW JERSEY 19. Bill Bradley NEW MEXICO 29. Peter Domenici NEW YORK 29. Alphonse D'Amato NORTH DAKOTA 19. Kent Conrad OHIO 19. John Glenn PENNSYLVANIA 29. Arlen Specter RHODE ISLAND 19. Claiborne Pell TENNESSEE 19. Al Gore TEXAS 29. Phil Gramm UTAH 29. Jake Garn VERMONT 19. Patrick Leahy VIRGINIA 29. John Warner WASHINGTON 19. Brock Adams WEST VIRGINIA 19. Jay Rockefeller WISCONSIN 29. Bob Kasten WYOMING 29. Alan Simpson KEY TO CODES FOR SENATOR WITH TERM NOT UP: 19. DEMOCRATIC SENATOR 29. REPUBLICAN SENATOR 1988 NO SENATE RACE IN THE STATE: STATES WITH TWO DEMOCRATIC SENATORS ALABAMA 17. Richard C. Shelby 27. Howell Heflin ARKANSAS 17. David Pryor 27. Dale Bumpers GEORGIA 17. Samm Nunn 27. Wyche Fowler ILLINOIS 17. Paul Simon 27. Alan Dixon LOUISIANA 17. J.Bennett Johnston 27. John Breaux STATES WITH TWO REPUBLICAN SENATORS ALASKA 18. Ted Stevens 28. Frank Murkowski IDAHO 18. James McClure 28. Steven Symms KANSAS 18. Robert Dole 28. Nancy L. Kassebaum NEW HAMPSHIRE 18. Gordon Humphrey 28. Warren Rudman OREGON 18. Robert Packwood 28. Mark Hatfield STATES WITH ONE DEMOCRATIC AND ONE REPUBLICAN SENATOR COLORADO 17. Timothy Wirth 18. William Armstrong IOWA 17. Tom Harkin 18. Charles Grassley KENTUCKY 17. Wendell Ford 18. Mitch McConnell NORTH CAROLINA 17. Terry Sanford 18. Jesse Helms OKLAHOMA 17. David Boren 18. Don Nickles SOUTH CAROLINA 17. Fritz Hollings 18. Strom Thurmond SOUTH DAKOTA 17. Thomas Daschle 18. Larry Pressler KEY TO CODES FOR SENATORS IN STATES WITH NO RACE: 17 - FIRST DEMOCRATIC SENATOR (other senator is 18 or 27) 18 - FIRST REPUBLICAN SENATOR (other senator is 17 of 28) 27 - SECOND DEMOCRATIC SENATOR (other senator is 17) 28 - SECOND REPUBLICAN SENATOR (other senator is 18) 1990 STATES WITH SENATE RACE: DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES - 35 States - ALABAMA 13. Howell Heflin 16. Bill Cabaniss ALASKA 15. Michael Beasley 14. Ted Stevens ARKANSAS 13. David Pryor COLORADO 11. Josie Heath 12. Hank Brown DELAWARE 13. Joseph Biden 16. M. Jane Brady GEORGIA 13. Sam Nunn HAWAII 13. Daniel Akaka 16. Patricia Saiki IDAHO 11. Ron Twilegar 12. Larry Craig ILLINOIS 13. Paul Simon 16. Lynn Martin INDIANA 15. Baron Hill 14. Daniel Coats IOWA 13. Tom Harkin 16. Tom Tauke KANSAS 15. Dick Williams 14. Nancy Kassebaum KENTUCKY 15. Harvey Sloane 14. Mitch McConnell LOUISIANA 13. J. Bennett Johnston 16. David Duke MAINE 15. Neil Rolde 14. William Cohen MASSACHUSETTS 13. John Kerry 16. Jim Rappaport MICHIGAN 13. Carl Levin 16. Bill Schuette MINNESOTA 15. Paul Wellstone 14. Rudy Boschwitz MISSISSIPPI 14. Thad Cochran MONTANA 13. Max Baucus 16. Allen Kolstad NEBRASKA 13. Jim Exon 16. Hal Daub NEW HAMPSHIRE 11. John Durkin 12. Robert Smith NEW JERSEY 13. Bill Bradley 16. Christine Whitman NEW MEXICO 15. Tom Benavides 14. Pete Domenici NORTH CAROLINA 15. Harvey Gantt 14. Jesse Helms OKLAHOMA 13. David Boren 16. Stephen Jones OREGON 15. Harry Lonsdale 14. Mark Hatfield RHODE ISLAND 13. Claiborne Pell 16. Claudine Schneider SOUTH CAROLINA 15. Bob Cunningham 14. Strom Thurmond SOUTH DAKOTA 15. Ted Muenster 14. Larry Pressler TENNESSEE 13. Al Gore 16. William Hawkins TEXAS 15. Hugh Parmer 14. Phil Gramm VIRGINIA 14. John Warner WEST VIRGINIA 13. John Rockefeller IV 16. John Yoder WYOMING 15. Kathy Helling 14. Alan Simpson KEY TO SENATE CANDIDATE CODES: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICAN 11. Democratic candidate - open race 12. Republican candidate - open race 13. Democratic incumbent running 14. Republican incumbent running 15. Democratic challenger to 16. Republican challenger to Republican incumbent Democratic incumbent 1990 STATES WITH SENATE RACE: SENATOR NOT UP IN 1990 - 35 States - ALABAMA 19. Richard Shelby ALASKA 29. Frank Murkowski ARKANSAS 19. Dale Bumpers COLORADO 19. Timorth Wirth DELAWARE 29. William Roth GEORGIA 19. Wyche Fowler HAWAII 19. Daniel Inouye IDAHO 29. Steven Symms ILLINOIS 19. Alan Dixon INDIANA 29. Richard Lugar IOWA 29. Charles Grassley KANSAS 29. Robert Dole KENTUCKY 19. Wendell Ford LOUISIANA 19. John Breaux MAINE 19. George Mitchell MASSACHUSETTS 19. Edward Kennedy MICHIGAN 19. Donald Riegle MINNESOTA 29. David Durenberger MISSISSIPPI 29. Trent Lott MONTANA 29. Conrad Burns NEBRASKA 19. Robert Kerrey NEW HAMPSHIRE 29. Warren Rudman NEW JERSEY 19. Frank Lautenberg NEW MEXICO 19. Jeff Bingaman NORTH CAROLINA 19. Terry Sanford OKLAHOMA 29. Don Nickles OREGON 29. Bob Packwood RHODE ISLAND 29. John Chafee SOUTH CAROLINA 19. Ernest Hollings SOUTH DAKOTA 19. Tom Daschle TENNESSEE 19. James Sasser TEXAS 19. Lloyd Bentsen VIRGINIA 19. Charles Robb WEST VIRGINIA 19. Robert Byrd WYOMING 29. Malcolm Wallop KEY TO SENATOR NOT UP CODES: 19. Democratic Senator, Term Not Up 29. Republican Senator, Term Not Up 1990 STATES WITH NO SENATE RACE - 15 States - STATES WITH TWO DEMOCRATIC SENATORS CONNECTICUT 17. Christopher Dodd 27. Joseph Lieberman MARYLAND 17. Barbara Mikulski 27. Paul Sarbanes NEVADA 17. Harry Reid 27. Richard Bryan NORTH DAKOTA 17. Kent Conrad 27. Quentin Burdick OHIO 17. John Glenn 27. Howard Metzenbaum STATES WITH TWO REPUBLICAN SENATORS MISSOURI 18. Christopher Bond 28. John Danforth PENNSYLVANIA 18. Arlen Specter 28. H. John Heinz III UTAH 18. Edwin Garn 28. Orrin Hatch STATES WITH ONE DEMOCRATIC AND ONE REPUBLICAN SENATOR ARIZONA 17. Dennis DeConcini 18. John McCain CALIFORNIA 17. Alan Cranston 18. Pete Wilson FLORIDA 17. Bob Graham 18. Connie Mack III NEW YORK 17. Daniel Patrick Moynihan 18. Alfonse D'Amato VERMONT 17. Patrick Leahy 18. James Jeffords WASHINGTON 17. Brock Adams 18. Slade Gorton WISCONSIN 17. Herbert Kohl 18. Robert Kasten KEY TO CODE FOR SENATORS IN STATE WITH NO RACE: 17 - FIRST DEMOCRATIC SENATOR (Other Senator is 18 or 27) 18 - FIRST REPUBLICAN SENATOR (Other Senator is 17 or 28) 27 - SECOND DEMOCRATIC SENATOR (Other Senator is 17) 28 - SECOND REPUBLICAN SENATOR (Other Senator is 18) 1992 STATES WITH SENATE RACE: DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES - 34 States - ALABAMA 13. Richard Shelby 16. Richard Sellers ALASKA 15. Tony Smith 14. Frank Murkowksi ARIZONA 15. Claire Sargent 14. John McCain ARKANSAS 13. Dale Bumpers 16. Mike Huckabee CALIFORNIA-1 11. Barbara Boxer 12. John Hirschensohn CALIFORNIA-2 15. Diane Feinstein 14. John Seymour COLORADO 11. Ben Nighthorse Campbell 12. Terry Considine CONNECTICUT 13. Christopher Dodd 16. Brooks Johnson FLORIDA 13. Bob Graham 16. Bill Grant GEORGIA 13. Wyche Fowler 16. Paul Coverdell HAWAII 13. Daniel Inouye 16. Rick Reed IDAHO 11. Richard Stallings 12. Dirk Kempthorne ILLINOIS 11. Carol Mosely Braun 12. Richard Williamson INDIANA 15. Joseph Hogsett 14. Daniel Coats IOWA 15. Jean Lloyd-Jones 14. Charles Grassley KANSAS 15. Glorida O'Dell 14. Robert Dole KENTUCKY 13. Wendell Ford 16. David Williams LOUISIANA 13. John Breaux 16. Lyle Stockstill MARYLAND 13. Barbara Mikulski 16. Alan Keyes MISSOURI 15. Geri Rothman-Serot 14. Christopher Bond NEVADA 13. Harry Reid 16. Demar Dahl NEW HAMPSHIRE 11. John Rauh 12. Judd Gregg NEW YORK 15. Robert Abrams 14. Alfonse D'Amato NORTH CAROLINA 13. Terry Sanford 16. Lauch Faircloth NORTH DAKOTA 11. Byron Dorgan 12. Steve Sydness OHIO 13. John Glenn 16. Mike DeWine OKLAHOMA 15. Steve Lewis 14. Don Nickles OREGON 15. Les AuCoin 14. Bob Packwood PENNSYLVANIA 15. Lynn Yeakel 14. Arlen Specter SOUTH CAROLINA 13. Ernest "Fritz" Hollings 16. Tom Hartnett SOUTH DAKOTA 13. Thomas Daschle 16. Charlene Haar UTAH 11. Wayne Owens 12. Robert Bennett VERMONT 13. Patrick Leahy 16. James Douglas WASHINGTON 11. Patty Murray 12. Rod Chandler WISCONSIN 15. Russell Feingold 14. Robert Kasten KEY TO SENATE CANDIDATE CODES: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICAN 11. Democratic candidate - open race 12. Republican candidate - open race 13. Democratic incumbent running 14. Republican incumbent running 15. Democratic challenger to 16. Republican challenger to Republican incumbent Democratic incumbent 1992 STATES WITH SENATE RACE: SENATOR NOT UP IN 1990 - 34 States - ALABAMA 19. Howell Heflin ALASKA 29. Ted Stevens ARIZONA 19. Dennis DeConcini ARKANSAS 19. David Pryor CALIFORNIA No 'Senator Not Up' - Seymour's seat was contested COLORADO 29. Hank Brown CONNECTICUT 19. Joseph Lieberman FLORIDA 29. Connie Mack GEORGIA 19. Sam Nunn HAWAII 19. Daniel Akaka IDAHO 29. Larry Craig ILLINOIS 19. Paul Simon INDIANA 29. Richard Lugar IOWA 19. Tom Harkin KANSAS 29. Nancy Landon Kassebaum KENTUCKY 29. Mitch McConnell LOUISIANA 19. J. Bennett Johnston MARYLAND 19. Paul Sarbanes MISSOURI 29. John Danforth NEVADA 19. Richard Bryan NEW HAMPSHIRE 29. Bob Smith NEW YORK 19. Daniel Patrick Moynihan NORTH CAROLINA 29. Jesse Helms NORTH DAKOTA 19. Jocelyn Burdick OHIO 19. Howard Metzenbaum OKLAHOMA 19. David Lyle Boren OREGON 29. Mark Hatfield PENNSYLVANIA 19. Harris Wofford SOUTH CAROLINA 29. Strom Thurmond SOUTH DAKOTA 29. Larry Pressler UTAH 29. Orrin Hatch VERMONT 29. James Jeffords WASHINGTON 29. Slade Gorton WISCONSIN 19. Herb Kohl KEY TO SENATOR NOT UP CODES: 19. Democratic Senator, Term Not Up 29. Republican Senator, Term Not Up 1992 STATES WITH NO SENATE RACE - 16 States - STATES WITH TWO DEMOCRATIC SENATORS MASSACHUSETTS 17. Edward Kennedy 27. John Kerry MICHIGAN 17. Donald Riegle 27. Carl Levin NEBRASKA 17. Robert Kerrey 27. James Exon NEW JERSEY 17. Frank Lautenberg 27. Bill Bradley TENNESSEE 17. James Sasser 27. Albert Gore WEST VIRGINIA 17. Robert Byrd 27. John Rockefeller IV STATES WITH TWO REPUBLICAN SENATORS MISSISSIPPI 18. Trent Lott 28. Thad Cochran WYOMING 18. Malcolm Wallop 28. Alan Simpson STATES WITH ONE DEMOCRATIC AND ONE REPUBLICAN SENATOR DELAWARE 17. Joseph Biden 18. William Roth MAINE 17. George Mitchell 18. William Cohen MINNESOTA 17. Paul David Wellstone 18. David Durenberger MONTANA 17. Max Baucus 18. Conrad Burns NEW MEXICO 17. Jeff Bingaman 18. Peter Domenici RHODE ISLAND 17. Clairborne Pell 18. John Chafee TEXAS 17. Lloyd Bentsen 18. Phil Gramm VIRGINIA 17. Charles Robb 18. John Warner KEY TO CODE FOR SENATORS IN STATE WITH NO RACE: 17 - FIRST DEMOCRATIC SENATOR (Other Senator is 18 or 27) 18 - FIRST REPUBLICAN SENATOR (Other Senator is 17 or 28) 27 - SECOND DEMOCRATIC SENATOR (Other Senator is 17) 28 - SECOND REPUBLICAN SENATOR (Other Senator is 18) >>IX.C. GUBERNATORIAL (1990 only) 1990 GUBERNATORIAL CANDIDATE LIST STATE DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN Alabama 55. Paul R. Hubbert 54. Guy Hunt Alaska 51. Tony Knowles 52. Arliss Sturgulewski Arizona 51. Terry Goddard 52. Fife Symington Arkansas 53. Bill Clinton 56. Sheffield Nelson California 51. Dianne Feinstein 52. Pete Wilson Colorado 53. Roy Romer 56. John Andrews Connecticut 51. Bruce Morrison 52. John G. Rowland Delaware 58. Michael Castle Florida 55. Lawton Chiles 54. Bob Martinez Georgia 51. Zell Miller 52. Johnny Isakson Hawaii 53. John Waihee III 56. Fred Hemmings Idaho 53. Cecil D. Andrus 56. Roger Fairchild Illinois 51. Neil F. Hartigan 52. Jim Edgar Indiana 57. Evan Bayh Iowa 55. Donald D. Avenson 54. Terry E. Branstad Kansas 55. Joan Finney 54. Mike Hayden Kentucky 57. Wallace G. Wilkinson Louisiana 57. Buddy Roemer Maine 55. Joseph E. Brennan 54. John R. McKernan, Jr. Maryland 53. William D. Schaefer 56. William S. Shepard Massachusetts 51. John Silber 52. William F. Weld Michigan 53. James J. Blanchard 56. John Engler Minnesota 53. Rudy Perpich 56. Arne Carlson Mississippi 57. Ray Mabus Missouri 58. John Ashcroft Montana 58. Stan Stephens Nebraska 55. Ben Nelson 54. Kay A. Orr Nevada 53. Bob Miller 56. Jim Gallaway New Hampshire 55. Joseph Grandmaison 54. Judd Gregg New Jersey 57. James Florio New Mexico 51. Bruce King 52. Frank M. Bond New York 53. Mario M. Cuomo 56. Pierre A. Rinfret North Carolina 58. James G. Martin North Dakota 57. George Sinner Ohio 51. Anthony Celebrezze 52. George V. Voinovich Oklahoma 51. David Walters 52. Bill Price Oregon 51. Barbara Roberts 52. Dave Frohnmayer Pennsylvania 53. Robert P. Casey 56. Barbara Hafer Rhode Island 55. Bruce G. Sundlun 54. Edward D. DiPrete South Carolina 55. Theo Mitchell 54. Carroll A. Campbell South Dakota 55. Bob Samuelson 54. George S. Mickelson Tennessee 53. Ned McWherter 56. Dwight Henry Texas 51. Ann Richards 52. Clayton Williams Utah 58. Norman Bangerter Vermont 51. Peter Welch 52. Richard Snelling Virginia 57. L. Douglas Wilder Washington 57. William Booth Gardner West Virginia 57. Gaston Caperton Wisconsin 55. Thomas Loftus 54. Tommy G. Thompson Wyoming 53. Mike Sullivan 56. Mary Mead >>X. APPENDIX A: 1992 TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM, SAMPLING SECTION, ISR Technical Memorandum Sampling Section Subject: 1992 Senate Election Study Date: March 29, 1993 I. Introduction The 1992 Senate Election Study is a telephone survey of U.S. household residents(including Alaska and Hawaii but excluding the District of Columbia). This 1992 study is the third wave of a three-part Senate Election Study. The previous two waves of the study were conducted in 1988 and 1990. The purpose of the Senate Election Studies is to study the relationship between U.S. citizens and their U.S. Senators and to explore the nature of the voter's choice in selecting members of the U.S. Senate. The study population includes all U.S. household residents who are at least 18 years old on or before the 1992 Election Day (November 3) and are citizens of the U.S. II. Sample Design Description The Random-Digit-Dial (RDD) sample design used for the 1992 Senate Election Study is a "list assisted" or "listed hundred series" (LHS) design that selects telephone numbers using the GENESYS RDD sampling system. The GENESYS system is a PC-based RDD sampling system designed by Marketing Systems Group (MSG). This "list assisted" RDD design uses a one-stage selection of telephone numbers with no clustering. Samples of RDD telephone numbers are selected from a frame consisting of all the possible numbers that can be generated from a hundred series (the first eight digits of a phone number) which have at least two listed household phone numbers. There are several advantages to this design: (1) Unlike the two-stage Mitofsky-Waksberg design, there is no clustering of sample numbers within a hundred series. The final sample is a stratified random sample of telephone households. For the same number of cases, sampling errors should be lower than those for the Mitofsky-Waksberg design. (2) In the telephone interviewing facility, the LHS design can be administered as a list sample. The LHS design requires no pre-screening of a primary stage sample of RDD telephone numbers. There is no conditional replacement of non-working and non-household numbers. This is especially helpful for quick turnaround studies, like the 1992 Senate Election Study. The main disadvantage of the LHS RDD design is that it does not guarantee complete coverage of telephone households. Telephone households in hundred series with no listed numbers or hundred series that are new since the last update of the LHS frame are not covered. This under coverage increases as the age of the LHS frame increases. For the time period within six months of the frame creation date, the non-coverage appears to be less than three percent of telephone households. The GENESYS frame used for selection was updated October 1992. The GENESYS RDD sampling system uses an LHS frame based on the Donnelley file of all directory listings. One advantage of this system is that each hundred series in the frame is assigned FIPS county codes that make RDD samples of specific geographic areas convenient. This county coding is also helpful in assigning Congressional District Codes later. An independent equal probability sample of 400 RDD telephone numbers was selected in each of the 50 states (including AK and HI but excluding DC). Each state sample was divided into "replicates" or sub-samples of varying sizes (see the table below). A working rate of about 53% was assumed, and a target of 56 completed interviews was set per state. To set initial sample sizes response rates across states could be estimated from the previous two Senate Election surveys. For example, if the estimated response rate for a state is .65 the expected size of the state the sample was estimated to be: Completed Interviews 56 Estimated Response Rate .65 Required Household Contacts 86 Working Rate for Households .53 Expected RDD Sample Numbers 162 After the sample was generated, it was sent to the Survey Research Center (SRC) to add the following codes: split half Sample Flag, Senate race type codes, Replicate Code, Sample ID, and Respondent Selection Table number. Replicates of varying sizes enabled the released sample to be tailored to the expected response rates for each state, and allowed for a fine control over the released sample during the interviewing period. Each replicate is itself a probability sample. The Replicate codes for each state sample were assigned as follows: Replicate # Size 0 150 1 80 2 50 3 30 4 30 5 20 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 10 After the replicate code assignment, the sample file was sent back to MSG to screen for non-working and business numbers. These numbers were classified as non-sample. III. Sampling Weights Table 1 contains the following information for each state sample: the state abbreviation, state fips code, number of working telephone numbers, total number of released replicates, probability of selection, household weight, and relative household weight. Since the 1992 NES Senate Election Study design assigns different probabilities to households in the states, it was necessary to calculate a household sampling weight. The household weight value for each state sample was calculated by the following equation: # of working banks (state) x 100 Wstate = total telephone #'s released (state) Once a household telephone number was selected and called, if there was more than one eligible person living in the household a random respondent was chosen using a respondent selection table developed by Kish (1949). Because only one person in a household was selected to respond from all eligible household members, persons in smaller households had a greater chance of selection than persons in larger households. Therefore, for person level analyses, the household weight should be multiplied by the number of eligible persons in the household to create a final weight for pooled analysis of states data. Table 1 F # of Total Total Probability Household Relative I Working Possible Nos. of Selection Weight Household P Banks Numbers Rel. Weight ST S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ AL 1 25,042 2,504,200 180 7.188e-05 13912.22 6.322 AK 2 4,919 491,900 220 4.472e-04 2235.91 1.016 AZ 4 23,325 2,332,500 190 8.146e-05 12276.32 5.578 AR 5 14,447 1,444,700 150 1.038e-04 9631.33 4.377 CA 6 213,360 21,336,000 230 1.078e-05 92765.22 42.153 CO 8 24,197 2,419,700 200 8.265e-05 12098.50 5.498 CT 9 24,534 2,453,400 210 8.560e-05 11682.86 5.309 DE 10 5,111 511,100 180 3.522e-04 2839.44 1.290 FL 12 99,934 9,993,400 240 2.402e-05 41639.17 18.921 GA 13 45,045 4,504,500 180 3.996e-05 25025.00 11.372 HI 15 7,921 792,100 230 2.904e-04 3443.91 1.565 ID 16 7,205 720,500 150 2.082e-04 4803.33 2.183 IL 17 79,751 7,975,100 190 2.382e-05 41974.21 19.073 IN 18 36,240 3,624,000 160 4.415e-05 22650.00 10.292 IA 19 20,157 2,015,700 150 7.442e-05 13438.00 6.106 KS 20 17,037 1,703,700 150 8.804e-05 11358.00 5.161 KY 21 23,198 2,319,800 180 7.759e-05 12887.78 5.856 LA 22 25,433 2,543,300 180 7.077e-05 14129.44 6.421 ME 23 9,963 996,300 180 1.807e-04 5535.00 2.515 MD 24 33,357 3,335,700 200 5.996e-05 16678.50 7.579 MA 25 41,499 4,149,900 200 4.819e-05 20749.50 9.429 MI 26 61,445 6,144,500 180 2.929e-05 34136.11 15.512 MN 27 30,106 3,010,600 230 7.640e-05 13089.57 5.948 MS 28 13,932 1,393,200 200 1.436e-04 6966.00 3.165 MO 29 33,454 3,345,400 160 4.783e-05 20908.75 9.501 MT 30 5,913 591,300 180 3.044e-04 3285.00 1.493 NE 31 13,246 1,324,600 180 1.359e-04 7358.89 3.344 NV 32 9,849 984,900 200 2.031e-04 4924.50 2.238 NH 33 8,010 801,000 200 2.497e-04 4005.00 1.820 NJ 34 56,452 5,645,200 250 4.429e-05 22580.80 10.261 NM 35 8,895 889,500 170 1.911e-04 5232.35 2.378 NY 36 126,798 12,679,800 220 1.735e-05 57635.45 26.190 NC 37 46,610 4,661,000 170 3.647e-05 27417.65 12.459 ND 38 4,207 420,700 150 3.565e-04 2804.67 1.274 OH 39 79,826 7,982,600 170 2.130e-05 46956.47 21.337 OK 40 21,129 2,112,900 170 8.046e-05 12428.82 5.648 OR 41 20,906 2,090,600 150 7.175e-05 13937.33 6.333 PA 42 77,955 7,795,500 160 2.052e-05 48721.88 22.140 RI 44 6,555 655,500 180 2.746e-04 3641.67 1.655 SC 45 21,729 2,172,900 160 7.363e-05 13580.63 6.171 SD 46 4,618 461,800 150 3.248e-04 3078.67 1.399 TN 47 31,402 3,140,200 170 5.414e-05 18471.76 8.394 TX 48 115,663 11,566,300 190 1.643e-05 60875.26 27.662 UT 49 9,803 980,300 160 1.632e-04 6126.88 2.784 VT 50 4,449 444,900 200 4.495e-04 2224.50 1.011 VA 51 42,290 4,229,000 160 3.783e-05 26431.25 12.011 WA 53 33,953 3,395,300 180 5.301e-05 18862.78 8.571 WV 54 10,442 1,044,200 150 1.437e-04 6961.33 3.163 WI 55 31,892 3,189,200 170 5.330e-05 18760.00 8.525 WY 56 3,301 330,100 150 4.544e-04 2200.67 1.000 >>XI. APPENDIX B: 1990 TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM, SAMPLING SECTION, ISR THIS APPENDIX APPLIES ONLY TO THE WEIGHTS FOR 1990 CASES AND FIRST APPEARED AS APPENDIX A TO THE 1990 SENATE ELECTION STUDY Technical Memorandum Sampling Section Subject: 1990 Senate Election Study Date: 15 March 1991 I. Introduction The 1990 Senate Election Study uses a dual-frame design telephone sample with approximately half of the sample selected from a frame of listed numbers and half generated using an RDD procedure. This dual-frame design is different from the dual-frame design used in earlier ISR studies. In the earlier dual-frame design, a two-stage sample selection Waksberg design) was used for the RDD component of the sample. In the Waksberg design, a first stage sample of primary numbers is selected and called to see if the primary numbers are working household numbers. A second stage sample of telephone numbers is selected from only the hundred series formed from the first eight digits of the working primary numbers. This design results in a higher RDD working rate than a completely random generation of phone numbers. (The working rate for primary numbers is approximately 20%; the working rate for the secondary stage numbers is about 60%). The new RDD design used for the first time in the 1990 Senate Election Study involves the generation of random telephone numbers from the set of hundred series in the list sample. Each hundred series from the list sample is known to have at least one listed phone number--the number selected for the list sample. From ongoing methodological research, the Survey Research Center has a data set containing the count of listed numbers for each possible hundred series. Within each of the fifty states, an equal probability sample of random numbers was generated using a version of the"PPS-to-listed counts" two-stage RDD design which James Lepkowski of the Survey Research Center has been researching. This design has several advantages: (1) the cost of primary number screening is eliminated. (2) a more equal allocation of the sample between List and RDD cases can be achieved economically. The sample is divided equally between List and RDD components. In the dual-frame design using the Waksberg RDD procedure, the typical allocation was 25% RDD and 75% List. This more equal allocation reduces the ratio of weights between unlisted and listed numbers by approximately one half and reduces the variance due to weighting effects. (3) the procedure for handling RDD cases in the telephone facility is simplified. No replacement procedure for non-working numbers is needed. The RDD cases can be handled in the same way as list cases. In addition to these general advantages of the new design, an additional advantage relevant to the 1990 Senate Election Study was the ability to impute the Congressional District from the "donor" hundred series in the Survey Sampling list sample to the telephone numbers which were randomly generated from the hundred series. The accurate assignment of Congressional District codes was required by the Senate Election Study questionnaire. The form of questionnaire used was dependent on the type of Senate and Congressional race in the Congressional District. There is one disadvantage of this design compared to the Waksberg design. In the "PPS-to-listed counts" design, unlisted numbers in a hundred series which has no listed numbers do not have a chance of selection. This type of occurrence would be unusual and is a very minor coverage problem. The dual-frame sample design used for the 1990 Senate Election Study is described in Section II. II. Description of Dual-Frame Sample Design A sample of 10,000 listed household telephone numbers was purchased from Survey Sampling, Inc--200 listed numbers from each of the fifty states. The sample was actually fifty separate samples, each with a different sampling rate, 200/nlist, where n-list is the number of listed numbers in Survey Sampling's sampling frame for the state. The listed numbers were selected by Survey Sampling from their stratified 1-in-6 sample of all listed telephone numbers. In addition to the name, address, and telephone number, Survey Sampling provided Congressional District codes and FIPS state and county codes. The PPS-to-Listed dual-frame design required that the number of sample- listed numbers be approximately equal to the number of RDD sample telephone numbers. The list sample of 200 numbers per state allowed for the generation of 200 random telephone numbers. The four hundred cases per state was divided into replicates of varying sizes. The use of replicates allows for control of the sample size during the interviewing period in case the actual response rate and telephone-working rate is different than anticipated. Each replicate could stand alone as a probability sample. Using the listed counts file which gives the number of listed household telephone numbers in each hundred series, the average number of listed numbers in hundred series with at least one listed number (K...) was found for each state. The number of listed telephone numbers from the listed counts file was merged with the sample of 10,000 listed telephone numbers. Each listed number was assigned an Expected Sample Size (ESS) of K... divided by the number of listed numbers in the hundred series (MOS...). This ESS was then converted to an integer by using a random rounding procedure. The integer ESS for the listed numbers was used to determine how many random telephone numbers to generate (without replacement) for the hundred series. The number could range from 0 to 4 with an expected number of 1 (for hundred series with an average number of listed numbers). Therefore the expected number of random numbers generated will equal the number of hundred series used from the list sample. In practice, the number generated will not be exactly equal to the number of hundred series in the list sample. The actual number of random numbers generated for each state from the 200 listed numbers was usually greater than 200. The procedure was then repeated reducing each ESS by a factor of (200/Actual Number Generated) before converting it to an integer. This second procedure resulted in a sample of 10,072 random telephone numbers. A third stage of sample selection is the random selection of a single respondent from among all eligible adults in the household. A respondent selection table developed by Leslie Kish was used for choosing the random respondent. The probability of an eligible person in a household being selected to be a respondent is (1/Number of Eligible Adults). III. Use of Sampling Weights Because of the unequal probabilities of selections for cases across the fifty states and for listed and unlisted telephone numbers within a state, a sampling weight should be used for all analyses involving univariate descriptive statistics or simple regressions. A statistician should be consulted about the use of the selection weight for more complex multivariate analyses. A sampling weight was created and added to the data set SXRR:SES.DA3. The lowest sampling weight (inverse of the probability of selection) is 505.48 for listed numbers in Alaska. The highest sampling weight was 93,567.66 for unlisted numbers in the state of New York. Relative sampling weights were computed for listed and unlisted numbers in each state by dividing each sampling weight by the lowest sampling weight, 505.48. The relative weights ranged from 1.00 to 185.11. This large variation in weights reduces the efficiency of estimates far below nominal sample size. The loss in efficiency due to weighting which is a type of "design effect" can be approximated by the following formula: DEFFweighting =(wi2/( wi)2) x n. In this formula, "wi" is the weight for a case and "n" is the sample size. For this sample, the DEFFweighting is about 2.92. This means that the effective sample size is 3,349/2.92 = 1,147. A weight equal to the relative sampling weight divided by the number of different telephone numbers by which the household can be reached should be used for household-level analyses. For person-level analyses, the weight should equal the product of the household weight and the number of eligible persons in the household. IV. Calculation of Sampling Weights The calculation of a sampling weight requires the computation of three probabilities of selection: RDD, List, and Joint. This computation was done for each of the fifty states. An example of the calculation of the sampling weights for cases with listed and unlisted telephone numbers for Michigan is shown below: (1) fRDD 1st stage: 200 out of 371,020 listed Michigan household phone numbers from Survey Sampling's 1-in-6 frame were selected. Each of the 200 numbers selected was used to form a hundred series. The probability that any hundred series was selected is proportional to its number of listed telephone numbers (MOS...). 2nd stage: The number of random telephone numbers generated or the expected sample size (ESS) for each of the 200 hundred series was 52 x (200/235) divided by the number of listed numbers in the hundred series (MOS...), and the probability of a random number being generated was the expected sample size (ESS) divided by 100. The random telephone numbers were assigned to replicates and 128 random numbers were in replicates used for the study. The overall probability of selection for a RDD number is the product of the first and second stage probabilities: fRDD = 200 x MOS.../(371020 x 6) x (52/MOS...)/100 x 200/235 x 128/200 = 2.5446x10-5 (2) fL Survey Sampling, Inc. selected 200 listed telephone number from its 1-in-6 sample file of 371,020 listed Michigan telephone numbers. Of the 200 numbers selected, 130 were in replicates used for the study. The probability of a telephone number being selected for the list sample is 200/(371020 x 6) x 130/200 = 5.8398 x 10-5. (3) fJ The joint probability of selection for the RDD/List Dual Frame is: fJ = fRDD + fL - (fRDD x fL) = 2.5446 x 10-5 + 5.8398 x 10-5 - (2.5446 x 10-5 x 5.8398 x 10-5) = 8.3842 x 10-5 Listed numbers could have been selected from either the RDD procedure or from the Survey Sampling frame of listed numbers. The weight for listed numbers is, therefore, the inverse of the joint probability of selection or 11,927.12. Unlisted numbers could have only been selected from the RDD frame. The weight for RDD numbers is the inverse of the RDD probability of selection or 39,298.24. These weights can be expressed as relative sampling weights by dividing both weights by the Joint (Listed) weight. The relative weight for the listed numbers in Michigan is then 1.00, and the Michigan unlisted numbers have a relative weight of 39,298.24/11927.12 = 3.295. In order to determine which of the RDD cases were unlisted numbers, a match was performed by Survey Sampling of all RDD interview cases against their list of all listed household telephone numbers. The match rate for the RDD interview cases in Michigan was 68.4% or 26 listed numbers out of 38 RDD interview cases. Therefore, if only Michigan cases were considered, 59 cases (33 List + 59 RDD) have a relative sampling weight of 1.00 and 12 RDD cases have a relative sampling weight of 3.295. The overall match rate for RDD interview cases for the entire sample of fifty states 65.5%. Table 1 shows the sampling weights and relative sampling weights for cases with listed and unlisted telephone numbers by state. TABLE 1: 1990 SENATE ELECTION STUDY WEIGHTS FOR LISTED AND UNLISTED TELEPHONE NUMBERS BY STATE State Name FIPS Code Weight for Relative Weight for Weight Listed Weight Listed Rel. Unlisted Unlisted -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama 1 5048.90 9.99 14016.68 27.73 Alaska 2 505.48 1.00 1998.104 3.95 Arizona 4 7224.09 14.29 23470.34 46.43 Arkansas 5 6619.76 13.10 19045.10 37.68 California 6 30909.33 61.15 117305.7 232.07 Colorado 8 4265.75 8.44 13932.35 27.56 Connecticut 9 5688.74 11.25 17932.99 35.48 Delaware 10 761.12 1.51 2216.347 4.38 Florida 12 23571.61 46.63 74081.51 146.56 Georgia 13 11194.66 22.15 36359.95 71.93 Hawaii 15 1109.35 2.19 3978.069 7.87 Idaho 16 1632.05 3.23 4541.066 8.98 Illinois 17 14806.37 29.29 50341.69 99.59 Indiana 18 8404.08 16.63 25017.38 49.49 Iowa 19 5158.20 10.20 14394.10 28.48 Kansas 20 4124.27 8.16 11673.62 23.09 Kentucky 21 3944.87 7.80 11482.23 22.72 Louisiana 22 5771.46 11.42 17754.35 35.12 Maine 23 1995.29 3.95 5534.350 10.95 Maryland 24 8067.08 15.96 26900.67 53.22 Massachusetts 25 7167.82 14.18 22465.68 44.44 Michigan 26 11927.12 23.60 39298.24 77.74 Minnesota 27 7925.71 15.68 21962.76 43.45 Mississippi 28 7338.71 14.52 20769.98 41.09 Missouri 29 9740.75 19.27 28767.19 56.91 Montana 30 1294.67 2.56 3832.604 7.58 Nebraska 31 2772.06 5.48 8878.955 17.57 Nevada 32 1315.37 2.60 5018.085 9.93 New Hampshire 33 1687.99 3.34 4744.951 9.39 New Jersey 34 7397.14 14.63 27250.98 53.91 New Mexico 35 2134.11 4.22 6417.378 12.70 New York 36 28416.20 56.22 93567.66 185.11 North Carolina 37 8486.38 16.79 25604.57 50.65 North Dakota 38 2052.84 4.06 5910.112 11.69 Ohio 39 25887.50 51.21 81044.82 160.33 Oklahoma 40 4360.71 8.63 13916.74 27.53 Oregon 41 4096.61 8.10 12222.98 24.18 Pennsylvania 42 26370.77 52.17 82126.79 162.47 Rhode Island 44 1335.45 2.64 4013.219 7.94 South Carolina 45 4649.77 9.20 14350.67 28.39 South Dakota 46 1323.48 2.62 3804.579 7.53 Tennessee 47 7077.24 14.00 21693.58 42.92 Texas 48 20423.44 40.40 66949.06 132.45 Utah 49 4208.77 8.33 13101.13 25.92 Vermont 50 1710.97 3.38 4762.709 9.42 Virginia 51 16195.41 32.04 48288.39 95.53 Washington 53 10955.41 21.67 33245.39 65.77 West Virginia 54 2890.07 5.72 8155.244 16.13 Wisconsin 55 11226.84 22.21 31533.13 62.38 Wyoming 56 797.22 1.58 2552.334 5.05 >>>> XII. APPENDIX C:BENCHMARK FREQUENCIES (1988, 1990, 1992, Combined) Benchmark Frequencies - 1988 Cases only V27 Type of Race-House Code 12 14 21 24 51 55 65 Totals Frequency 1,408 223 1,134 118 2 49 211 3,145 Percent 44.8 7.1 36.1 3.8 .1 1.6 6.7 100.0 V28 TYPE OF RACE - SENATE Code 12 21 55 65 81 82 85 Totals Frequency 868 781 202 191 309 341 453 3,145 Percent 27.6 24.8 6.4 6.1 9.8 10.8 14.4 100.0 V30 VERSION # Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Totals Frequency 124 105 33 197 1,392 953 72 152 117 3,145 Percent 3.9 3.3 1.0 6.3 44.3 30.3 2.3 4.8 3.7 100.0 V31 A1:PAY ATTENTION? Code 1 3 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frequency 1,154 1,377 598 10 6 3,145 3,129 Percent 36.9 44.0 19.1 .0 .0 100.0 V313 H1:VOTE? Code 1 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frequency 2,312 818 8 7 3,145 3,130 Percent 73.9 26.1 .0 .0 100.0 V497 KX:PARTY ID SUMMARY Code 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DELD DELD TOTLS REVSD Frqcy 446 545 347 225 404 470 510 13 141 44 3,145 2,960 Prcnt 15.1 18.8 11.7 7.6 13.6 15.9 17.2 .4 .0 .0 100.0 V550 L10X:LIB./CONS. SUMMARY Code 1 3 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frequency 692 679 1,536 206 32 3,145 2,907 Percent 23.8 23.4 52.8 .0 .0 100.0 V605 Y3:MARITAL STATUS Code 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frqcy 1,901 524 318 98 271 21 2 10 3,145 3,133 Prcnt 60.7 16.7 10.2 3.1 8.6 .7 .0 .0 100.0 V631 Y19:RESPONDENT RACE Code 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frqncy 2,812 206 48 28 23 4 24 3,145 3,117 Prcnt 90.2 6.6 1.5 .9 .7 .0 .0 100.0 V636 Y24:GENDER Code 1 2 Totals Frequency 1,387 1,758 3,145 Percent 44.1 55.9 100.0 Benchmark Frequencies - 1990 Cases only V27 Type of Race-House Code 12 14 21 24 29 55 57 65 Totals Frqucy 1,298 318 1,028 213 50 133 9 300 3,349 Prct 38.8 9.5 30.7 6.4 1.5 4.0 .3 9.0 100.0 V28 TYPE OF RACE - SENATE Code 12 14 21 24 65 81 82 85 Totals Frqncy 1,150 105 989 88 240 272 152 353 3,349 Prcnt 34.3 3.1 29.5 2.6 7.2 8.1 4.5 10.5 100.0 V30 VERSION # Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 Totals Frqncy 96 308 38 144 1,565 667 459 72 3,349 Prcnt 2.9 9.2 1.1 4.3 46.7 19.9 13.7 2.1 100.0 V31 A1:PAY ATTENTION? Code 1 3 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frequency 1,090 1,514 733 10 2 3,349 3,337 Percent 32.7 45.4 22.0 .0 .0 100.0 V313 H1:VOTE? Code 1 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frequency 2,241 1,094 4 10 3,349 3,335 Percent 67.2 32.8 .0 .0 100.0 V497 KX:PARTY ID SUMMARY Code 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DELD DELD Totls Revisd Frqncy 424 572 421 322 445 550 398 19 169 29 3,349 3,151 Prcnt 13.5 18.2 13.4 10.2 14.1 17.5 12.6 .6 .0 .0 100.0 V550 L10X:LIB./CONS. SUMMARY Code 1 3 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frequency 734 730 1,630 215 40 3,349 3,094 Percent 23.7 23.6 52.7 .0 .0 100.0 V605 Y3:MARITAL STATUS Code 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frqncy 1,954 530 360 82 376 23 3 21 3,349 3,325 Prcnt 58.8 15.9 10.8 2.5 11.3 .7 .0 .0 100.0 V631 Y19:RESPONDENT RACE Code 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frqncy 2,984 184 36 47 66 3 29 3,349 3,317 Prcnt 90.0 5.5 1.1 1.4 2.0 .0 .0 100.0 V636 Y24:GENDER Code 1 2 Totals Frequency 1,538 1,811 3,349 Percent 45.9 54.1 100.0 Benchmark Frequencies - 1992 Cases only V27 Type of Race-House Code 99 DELETED Totals Revised Frequency 2,759 2,759 0 Percent .0 .0 V28 TYPE OF RACE - SENATE Code 12 21 55 65 81 82 85 Totals Frequency 824 638 242 180 345 109 421 2,759 Percent 29.9 23.1 8.8 6.5 12.5 4.0 15.3 100.0 V30 VERSION # Code 1 2 Totals Frequency 2,669 90 2,759 Percent 96.7 3.3 100.0 V31 A1:PAY ATTENTION? Code 1 3 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frequency 1,454 975 321 4 5 2,759 2,750 Percent 52.9 35.5 11.7 .0 .0 100.0 V313 H1:VOTE? Code 1 5 9 DELETED Totals Revised Frequency 2,118 638 3 2,759 2,756 Percent 76.9 23.1 .0 100.0 V497 KX:PARTY ID SUMMARY Code 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DELD DELD Totals Revised Frqncy 476 430 386 226 300 409 360 9 98 65 2,759 2,596 Prct 18.3 16.6 14.9 8.7 11.6 15.8 13.9 .3 .0 .0 100.0 V550 L10X:LIB./CONS. SUMMARY Code 1 3 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frequency 676 590 1,292 173 28 2,759 2,558 Percent 26.4 23.1 50.5 .0 .0 100.0 V605 Y3:MARITAL STATUS Code 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 DELD DELD Totls Revised Frqncy 1,585 452 337 82 269 21 1 12 2,759 2,746 Prcnt 57.7 16.5 12.3 3.0 9.8 .8 .0 .0 100.0 V631 Y19:RESPONDENT RACE Code 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 DELD DELD Totls Revsd Frqncy 2,404 204 30 45 55 3 18 2,759 2,738 Prcnt 87.8 7.5 1.1 1.6 2.0 .0 .0 100.0 V636 Y24:GENDER Code 1 2 Totals Frequency 1,270 1,489 2,759 Percent 46.0 54.0 100.0 Benchmark Frequencies - All Cases V27 Type of Race-House Code 12 14 21 24 29 51 55 57 65 99 DELD Totls Revisd Frqncy 2,706 541 2,162 331 50 2 182 9 511 2,759 9,253 6,494 Prcnt 41.7 8.3 33.3 5.1 .8 .0 2.8 .1 7.9 .0 100.0 V28 TYPE OF RACE - SENATE Code 12 14 21 24 55 65 81 82 85 Totls Frqncy 2,842 105 2,408 88 444 611 926 602 1,227 9,253 Prcnt 30.7 1.1 26.0 1.0 4.8 6.6 10.0 6.5 13.3 100.0 V30 VERSION # Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Totals Frqncy 2,889 503 71 341 2,957 1,620 72 611 189 9,253 Prcnt 31.2 5.4 .8 3.7 32.0 17.5 .8 6.6 2.0 100.0 V31 A1:PAY ATTENTION? Code 1 3 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frequency 3,698 3,866 1,652 24 13 9,253 9,216 Percent 40.1 41.9 17.9 .0 .0 100.0 V313 H1:VOTE? Code 1 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frequency 6,671 2,550 12 20 9,253 9,221 Percent 72.3 27.7 .0 .0 100.0 V497 KX:PARTY ID SUMMARY Code 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DELD DELD Totl Revised Frqncy 1,346 1,547 1,154 773 1,149 1,429 1,268 41 408 138 9,253 8,707 Prcnt 15.5 17.8 13.3 8.9 13.2 16.4 14.6 .5 .0 .0 100.0 V550 L10X:LIB./CONS. SUMMARY Code 1 3 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frequency 2,102 1,999 4,458 594 100 9,253 8,559 Percent 24.6 23.4 52.1 .0 .0 100.0 V605 Y3:MARITAL STATUS Code 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frqncy 5,440 1,506 1,015 262 916 65 6 43 9,253 9,204 Prcnt 59.1 16.4 11.0 2.8 10.0 .7 .0 .0 100.0 V631 Y19:RESPONDENT RACE Code 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 DELETED DELETED Totals Revised Frqncy 8,200 594 114 120 144 10 71 9,253 9,172 Prcent 89.4 6.5 1.2 1.3 1.6 .0 .0 100.0 V636 Y24:GENDER Code 1 2 Totals Frequency 4,195 5,058 9,253 Percent 45.3 54.7 100.0