Version 01 Codebook ------------------- CODEBOOK INTRODUCTION FILE 1956 PRE-POST STUDY (1956.T) AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES 1956 PRE-POST ELECTION STUDY PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS ANGUS CAMPBELL PHILIP CONVERSE WARREN MILLER DONALD STOKES SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN (S417) PRE-ELECTION STUDY; SEPT. 17-NOV. 5, 1956 POST-ELECTION STUDY; NOV. 7, 1956-JAN. 19, 1957 ICPSR ARCHIVE NUMBER 7214 ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF ASSISTANCE ALL MANUSCRIPTS UTILIZING DATA MADE AVAILABLE THROUGH THE CONSORTIUM SHOULD ACKNOWLEDGE THAT FACT AS WELL AS IDENTIFY THE ORIGINAL COLLECTOR OF THE DATA. THE ICPSR COUNCIL URGES ALL USERS OF ICPSR DATA FACILITIES TO FOLLOW SOME ADAPTATION OF THIS STATEMENT WITH THE PARENTHESES INDICATING ITEMS TO BE FILLED IN APPROPRIATELY OR DELETED BY THE INDIVIDUAL USER. THE DATA (AND TABULATIONS) UTILIZED IN THIS (PUBLICATION) WERE MADE AVAILABLE (IN PART) BY THE INTER-UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL RESEARCH. THE DATA FOR THE SRC 1956 AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY WERE ORIGINALLY COLLECTED BY THE SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER OF THE INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER A GRANT FROM THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION. NEITHER THE ORIGINAL COLLECTORS OF THE DATA NOR THE CONSORTIUM BEAR ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ANALYSES OR INTERPRETATIONS PRESENTED HERE. IN ORDER TO PROVIDE FUNDING AGENCIES WITH ESSENTIAL INFOR- MATION ABOUT THE USE OF ARCHIVAL RESOURCES, AND TO FACILITATE THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ABOUT ICPSR PARTICIPANTS' RESEARCH ACTIVITIES, EACH USER OF THE ICPSR DATA FACILITIES IS EXPECTED TO SEND TWO COPIES OF EACH COMPLETED MANUSCRIPT (OR THESIS ABSTRACT) TO THE CONSORTIUM. PLEASE INDICATE IN THE COVER LETTER WHICH DATA WERE USED. TABLE OF CONTENTS Note: >>sections in the codebook introduction and codebook appendix can be navigated in the machine-readable files by searching ">>". INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL (file int1956.cbk) --------------------- >> 1956 STUDY DESCRIPTION >> 1956 PUBLICATIONS >> 1956 SAMPLING INFORMATION >> 1956 PROCESSING INFORMATION >> 1956 CODEBOOK INFORMATION >> 1956 VARIABLE DESCRIPTION LIST CODEBOOK -------- 1956 variables APPENDICES (file app1956.cbk) ---------- >> 1956 PARTY MASTER CODE >> 1956 CANDIDATE MASTER CODE >> 1956 PSU CODE >> 1956 OCCUPATION CODE >> 1956 INDUSTRY CODE >> 1956 UNION CODE >> QUESTIONS 3-10 NOTE, 1956 >> IWR INSTRUCTING NOTE, 1956 >> REF. NOS. 184-187 NOTE, 1956 >> STATE CODE NOTE, 1956 >> 1956 STATE AND COUNTRY CODE >> INAP NOTE, 1956 >> 1956 NEWSPAPER CODE >> Q17 INTRO NOTE, 1956 >> FARM HOUSEHOLD NOTE, 1956 >> INCOME NOTE, 1956 >> Q58/Q59 NOTE, 1956 >> 1956 SENATORIAL, GUBERNATORIAL, AND CONGRESSIONAL RETURNS FROM AMERICA VOTES (1958) >> REF. NOS. 271-294 NOTE, 1956 >> IWR INSTRUCTION (UNION) NOTE, 1956 >> REF. NOS. 29-76 NOTE, 1956 >> 1956 STUDY DESCRIPTION THE SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER 1956 ELECTION STUDY WAS CONDUCTED BY ANGUS CAMPBELL, PHILIP CONVERSE, WARREN MILLER, AND DONALD STOKES IN SEPTEMBER 1956 THROUGH JANUARY OF 1957. THE INTERVIEW SCHEDULES CONTAINED BOTH CLOSED AND OPEN-END- ED QUESTIONS ASCERTAINING A WIDE RANGE OF INFORMATION. THE STUDY IS BASICALLY CONCERNED WITH GENERAL POLITICAL ATTITUDES AND WITH ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS PERTINENT TO THE 1956 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. EACH RESPONDENT WAS INTERVIEWED BOTH BEFORE AND AFTER THE DATE OF THE ELECTION. IN THE PRE-ELECTION SURVEY, ATTITUDES TOWARD POLITICAL PARTIES, CANDIDATES, AND SPECIFIC ISSUES WERE OBTAINED, AS WELL AS PERSONAL DATA AND SOME POLITICAL HISTORY. THE POST-ELECTION INTERVIEW CONCENTRATED ON THE ACTUAL VOTE AND REASONS FOR THE VOTE, OBTAINED FUR- THER PERSONAL DATA, AND IN ADDITION ASKED NON-POLITICAL ATTITUDINAL QUESTIONS (FORM C; REF.NOS. 271-294) OF A SUBSAMPLE NUMBERING 579. THIS STUDY IS ALSO THE FIRST OF A PANEL OF THREE; THE OTHER TWO CONSIST OF THE 1958 AND 1960 NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES. >> 1956 PUBLICATIONS CAMPBELL, ANGUS, "WHO REALLY SWITCHED IN THE LAST ELECTION?" U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT, MARCH 29, 1957, PP. 62-67. CAMPBELL, CONVERSE, MILLER, AND STOKES, THE AMERICAN VOTER, NEW YORK, JOHN WILEY AND SONS, 1960. CAMPBELL, ANGUS, AND MILLER, WARREN E., THE MOTIVATIONAL BASIS OF STRAIGHT AND SPLIT TICKET VOTING. AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW, LI, 1 (JUNE, 1957), PP. 293- 312. CAMPBELL, ANGUS, AND STOKES, DONALD E., "PARTISAN ATTITUDES AND THE PRESIDENTIAL VOTE." AMERICAN VOTING BEHAVIOR. EDITED BY EUGENE BRUDICK AND ARTHUR J. BRODBECK, GLENCOE, ILL. THE FREE PRESS, 1959,PP.353-71. CONVERSE, PHILIP E., AND DUPEUX, GEORGES. "EISENHOWER ET DE GAULLE: LES GENERAUX DEVANT L'OPINION." REVUE FRANCAISE DE SCIENCE POLITIQUE, XII, (MARS, 1962), PP. 54-92. ENGLISH VERSION IS ENTITLED "DE GAULLE AND EISENHOWER: THE PUBLIC IMAGE OF THE VICTORIOUS GENERAL." CONVERSE, PHILIP E., AND DUPEUX, GEORGES. "DE GAULLE AND EISENHOWER: THE PUBLIC IMAGE OF THE VICTORIOUS GENERAL." A CHAPTER IN CAMPBELL, CONVERSE, MILLER, AND STOKES, ELECTIONS AND THE POLITICAL ORDER. NEW YORK: N.Y.: JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., 1966, PP. 292-345. FRENCH VERSION IS ENTITLED "EISENHOWER ET DE GAULLE: LES GENERAUX DEVANT L'OPINION." PUTNAM, ROBERT D., "POLITICAL ATTITUDES AND THE LOCAL COMMUNITY." AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW, LX, (SEPTEMBER, 1966), PP. 640-54. REPRINTED IN BETTY H. ZISK, ED., AMERICAN POLITICAL INTEREST GROUPS: READINGS IN THEORY AND RESEARCH (1969) AND FRED W. GRUPP, JR. AND MARVIN MAURER, EDS., POLITICAL BEHAVIOR IN THE UNITED STATES, 1972. ROBINSON, JOHN P., AND CONVERSE, PHILIP E., "THE IMPACT OF TELEVISION ON MASS MEDIA USAGE: A CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISON." PAPER PRESENTED AT THE SIXTH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOCIOLOGY, EVIAN, FRANCE, SEPTEMBER, 1966, 27 PP. STOKES, DONALD E., "VOTING RESEARCH AND THE BUSINESSMAN IN POLITICS." ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR, 1960, 39 PP. STOKES, DONALD E., "SOME DYNAMIC ELEMENTS OF CONTESTS FOR THE PRESIDENCY." AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW, LX, 1 (MARCH, 1966),PP. 19-28. STOKES, DONALD E., CAMPBELL, ANGUS, AND MILLER, WARREN E., "COMPONENTS OF ELECTORAL DECISION." AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW, LII, 2 (JUNE, 1958), PP. 367-87. >> 1956 SAMPLING INFORMATION THE INDIVIDUALS INTERVIEWED WERE A REPRESENTATIVE CROSS- SECTION OF PERSONS OF VOTING AGE LIVING IN PRIVATE HOUSE- HOLDS IN THE UNITED STATES. THE 12 LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREAS OF THE UNITED STATES WERE DRAWN WITH CERTAINTY TO REPRESENT THEMSELVES. THE REST OF THE COUNTRY WAS FORMED INTO 54 STRATA, FROM EACH OF WHICH A PRIMARY SAMPLING UNIT CONSISTING OF A COUNTY OR GROUP OF COUNTIES WAS DRAWN WITH PROBABILITY PROPORTIONAL TO SIZE. THE SELECTION PROCEDURE WITHIN THESE 66 PRIMARY SAMPLING UNITS ULTIMATELY YIELDED A SAMPLE OF PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS WITHIN WHICH RESPONDENTS WERE DESIGNATED FOR INTERVIEW BY AN OBJECTIVE PROCEDURE OF SELECTION WHICH ALLOWED NO SUBSTITUTIONS. THE RESPONSE RATE WAS 85%. THE FINAL DATA COMPRISES 1762 RESPONDENTS; THE REDUCTION FROM THE ORIGINAL SAMPLE OF 2475 INCLUDES EXPECTED LOSSES IN INTERVIEWING PLUS ABOUT 200 RESPONDENTS WHO WERE INTERVIEWED ONLY ONCE AND HENCE WERE NOT INCLUDED IN THE FINAL DATA. >> 1956 PROCESSING INFORMATION THE STUDY WAS PROCESSED ACCORDING TO ICPSR STANDARD PROCESSING PROCEDURES; THE CODE CATEGORIES WERE RECODED TO ELIMINATE AMPS AND DASHES AND TO CONFORM TO ICPSR STANDARD- ARDIZED CODES WHERE APPLICABLE, AND THE DATA WERE CHECKED FOR INCONSISTENT AND ILLEGAL CODES. THESE WERE CORRECTED BY REFERRING BACK TO THE ORIGINAL INTERVIEW SCHEDULES. IN USING THIS CODEBOOK SEVERAL FEATURES SHOULD BE NOTED. THE FIRST IS THAT THE HUNDREDS AND TENS DIGITS OF MOST TWO AND THREE DIGIT CODES CAN BE MEANINGFULLY USED ALONE. (THE GAPS THAT APPEAR IN SOME OF THE TWO AND THREE DIGIT STAND- ARDIZED CODES REPRESENT CODES NOT USED IN THIS STUDY.) ANOTHER IS THAT IN MANY CASES, BOTH IN THE BODY OF THE CODE- BOOK AND IN THE FOOTNOTES, TEXT IS BRACKETED IN SIGNS. ALL TEXT SO BRACKETED WAS NOT CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL CODEBOOK BUT WAS ADDED BY THE PROCESSOR, EITHER FOR EXPLANA- TORY PURPOSES OR IN ORDER TO MAKE VARIABLES INDEPENDENT OF ONE ANOTHER BY MAKING IT UNNECESSARY TO REFER BACK TO ONE IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE TEXT OF ANOTHER. VARIABLE NAMES IN THE TABLE OF CONTENTS FOLLOWED BY AN ASTERISK HAVE SPECIAL ICPSR STANDARDIZED CODES. THOSE PRECEDED BY AN X DESIGNATE A VARIABLE DEPENDENT ON SOME OTHER VARIABLE DUE TO THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERVIEW SCHEDULE. ALSO NOTE THAT FRE- QUENCIES FOR MULTIPLE RESPONSE VARIABLES ARE CUMULATIVE. EACH VARIABLE IS HEADED BY A "VARIABLE NAME" WHICH, IN MOST CASES, CONTAINS SEVERAL ABBREVIATED WORDS. IF NECESSARY THESE ABBREVIATIONS CAN BE TRANSLATED BY REFERRING TO THE NAME AS IT APPEARS IN ITS UNABBREVIATED FORM IN THE TABLE OF CONTENTS BELOW. EACH IS ALSO GIVEN A "VARIABLE NUMBER" AND A "REFERENCE NUMBER" WHICH IN THIS CODEBOOK ARE IDENTICAL. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO IS NOT MATERIAL EXCEPT IN THE CASE OF FUTURE CUSTOM CODEBOOKS. CERTAIN CODES ARE LABELED MISSING DATA CODES ("MD="). THIS INFORMA- TION IS USED BY SOME ISR ANALYSIS PROGRAMS. THIS IS THE ONLY MEANING OR USE OF THIS SPECIFICATION; IT DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE USER SHOULD NOT OR CANNOT USE THESE CODES IN A SUB- STANTIVE ROLE IF HE SO DESIRES. "GE," USED IN THE SPECIFIC- ATION OF MISSING DATA CODES, MEANS "GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO." PLEASE NOTE THAT, IN ANY CASE, FOR MANY USERS THE ONLY CRUCIAL INFORMATION IN THE VARIABLE HEADER IS THE DECK AND COLUMN NUMBER, WHICH ARE FOUND ON THE THIRD LINE ON THE RIGHT. >> 1956 CODEBOOK INFORMATION The following example from the 1948 NES study provides the standard format for codebook variable documentation. Note that NES studies which are not part of the Time-Series usually omit marginals and the descriptive content in lines 2-5 (except for variable name). Line 1 ============================== 2 VAR 480026 NAME-R NOT VT-WAS R REG TO VT 3 COLUMNS 61 - 61 4 NUMERIC 5 MD=0 OR GE 8 6 7 Q. 17. (IF R DID NOT VOTE) WERE YOU REGISTERED (ELIGIBLE) 8 TO VOTE. 9 ........................................................... 10 11 82 1. YES 12 149 2. NO 13 14 0 8. DK 15 9 9. NA 16 422 0. INAP., R VOTED Line 2 - VARIABLE NAME. Note that in the codebook the variable name (usually a 'number') does not include the "V" prefix which is used in the release SAS and SPSS data definition files (.sas and .sps files) for all variables including those which do not have 'number' names. For example the variable "VERSION" in the codebook is "VVERSION" in the data definition files. Line 2 - "NAME". This is the variable label used in the SAS and SPSS data definition files (.sas and .sps files). Some codebooks exclude this. Line 3 - COLUMNS. Columns in the ASCII data file (.dat file). Line 4 - CHARACTER OR NUMERIC. If numeric and the variable is a decimal rather than integer variable, the numer of decimal places is also indicated (e.g. "NUMERIC DEC 4") Line 5 - Values which are assigned to missing by default in the Study's SAS and and SPSS data definition files (.sas and .sps files). Line 7 - Actual question text for survey variables or a description of non-survey variables (for example, congressional district). Survey items usually include the question number (for example "B1a.") from the Study questionnaire; beginning in 1996 non-survey items also have unique item numbers (for example "CSheet.1"). Line 9 - A dashed or dotted line usually separates question text from any other documentation which follows. Line 10- When present, annotation provided by Study staff is presented below the question text/description and preceding code values. Lines 11-16 Code values are listed with descriptive labels. Valid codes (those not having 'missing' status in line 5) are presented first, followed by the values described in line 5. For continuous variables, one line may appear providing the range of possible values. A blank line usually separates the 'valid' and 'missing' values. Lines 11-16 Marginals are usually provided for discrete variables. The counts may be unweighted or weighted; check the Study codebook introductory text to determine weight usage. >> 1956 VARIABLE DESCRIPTION LIST VARIABLE VARIABLE LABEL -------- -------------- VERSION NES VERSION NUMBER DSETNO NES DATASET NUMBER 560001 ICPSR ARCHIVE NUMBER 560002 INTERVIEW NUMBER STUDY PROCEDURE AND SAMPLING 560003 PRIMARY SAMPLING UNIT AND COUNTY CODE 560004 PLACE (SIZE) 560005 SMA CODE 560006 SAMPLE SPLIT 560007 STATE CODE* 560008 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 560009 DATE INTERVIEW TAKEN 560010 INTERVIEWER 560011 CODERS ELECTION PREDICTIONS BY RESPONDENT 560012 WHO WILL BE ELECTED PRESIDENT 560013 XCLOSE RACE OR NOT 560014 CARE MUCH WHICH PARTY WINS THE PARTIES AND THE CANDIDATES 560015 WHAT GOOD ABOUT DEMOCRATS* 560016 WHAT BAD ABOUT DEMOCRATS* 560017 WHAT GOOD ABOUT REPUBLICANS* 560018 WHAT BAD ABOUT REPUBLICANS* 560019 WHY VOTE FOR STEVENSON* 560020 WHY NOT VOTE FOR STEVENSON* 560021 WHY VOTE FOR EISENHOWER* 560022 WHY NOT VOTE FOR EISENHOWER* 560023 PREFERENCE FOR VICE PRESIDENT-KEFAUVER 560024 PREFERENCE FOR VICE PRESIDENT-NIXON 560025 OPINION PRO KEFAUVER-REASONS* 560026 OPINION ANTI KEFAUVER-REASONS* 560027 OPINION PRO NIXON-REASONS* 560028 OPINION ANTI NIXON-REASONS* DOMESTIC ISSUES AND FOREIGN POLICY 560029 TAX CUT NECESSARY REGARDLESS 560030 XHOW YOU FEEL ABOUT TAX CUT 560031 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW ON TAX CUT 560032 GOVERNMENT OUGHT TO GUARANTEE WORK 560033 XHOW YOU FEEL ABOUT JOB GUARANTEE 560034 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW ON JOB GUARANTEE 560035 ISOLATIONIST POLICY BEST FOR UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 560036 XHOW YOU FEEL ABOUT ISOLATIONISM 560037 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW ON ISOLATIONISM 560038 GOVERNMENT OUGHT TO SUBSIDIZE MEDICAL CARE 560039 XHOW YOU FEEL ABOUT MEDICAL SUBSIDIZATION 560040 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW ON MEDICAL SUBSIDIZATION 560041 WE SHOULD AID UNDERDEVELOPED NATIONS 560042 XOPINION OF AID TO UNDERDEVELOPED NATIONS 560043 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW ON BACKWARD NATIONS 560044 GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN NEGRO EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING 560045 XOPINION OF GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN NEGRO EMPLOYMENT 560046 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW-GOVERNMENT AND NEGRO 560047 GOVERNMENT PREVENTION OF BUSINESS INFLUENCING GOVERNMENT 560048 XOPINION OF BUSINESS INFLUENCING GOVERNMENT 560049 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW-BUSINESS INFLUENCE 560050 COMMUNISTS TOUGH-MUST RECIPROCATE 560051 XNECESSARY USA RECIPROCATE HARD LINE 560052 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW-USA RECIPROCATING 560053 NECESSITY GOVERNMENT SCHOOL BUILDING AID 560054 XOPINION GOVERNMENT AID TO EDUCATION 560055 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW - AID TO EDUCATION 560056 SEND MILITARY AID TO ANTICOMMUNIST NATIONS 560057 XOPINION OF MILITARY AID TO ANTICOMMUNIST NATIONS 560058 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW-MILITARY AID 560059 GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN HOUSING AND UTILITIES-BAD 560060 XOPINION GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN HOUSING 560061 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW-GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION 560062 GOVERNMENT PREVENTION OF LABOR INFLUENCING GOVERNMENT 560063 XOPINION OF PREVENTING LABOR INFLUENCING GOVERNMENT 560064 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW-LABOR INFLUENCE 560065 NECESSARY USA BEFRIEND NATIONS 560066 XOPINION ON BEFRIENDING NATIONS 560067 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW-BEFRIENDING NATIONS 560068 NECESSARY TO FIRE SUSPECTED COMMUNISTS 560069 XOPINION OF DISMISSING SUSPECTED COMMUNISTS 560070 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW- POSSIBLE COMMUNISTS 560071 AID TO NATIONS NOT DEFINITELY ANTICOMMUNIST 560072 XOPINION ON AID TO NATIONS NOT ANTICOMMUNIST 560073 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW- AID TO NATIONS 560074 GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN SCHOOL DESEGREGATION 560075 XOPINION OF INTERVENTION IN SCHOOL DESEGREGATION 560076 XPARTY REPRESENTING YOUR VIEW-SCHOOL DESEGREGATION FINANCIAL SITUATION OF FAMILY UNIT OR R 560077 ARE YOU SATISFIED FINANCIALLY 560078 HAS FINANCIAL SITUATION IMPROVED, WORSE 560079 HOW IS THAT (FINANCIAL SITUATION) 560080 FUTURE FINANCIAL PROSPECTS 560081 HOW IS THAT (FUTURE FINANCIAL) 560082 WHAT FINANCIAL EFFECT OF ELECTION 560083 XFARM REFERENCE-FINANCIAL EFFECT WAR 560084 DEGREE OF CONCERN-USA HAVING A WAR 560085 HAS PROBLEM OF WAR LESSENED 560086 WHICH PARTY BEST AVOIDS WAR 560087 X WHY -?- PARTY BEST AVOIDS WAR PARTY IDENTIFICATION 560088 ARE YOU A DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN OR WHAT* 560089 HAS YOUR PARTY IDENTIFICATION CHANGED 560090 XWHEN DID YOU CHANGE-NEW* 560091 XWHEN DID YOU CHANGE-OLD 560092 XWHAT MADE YOU CHANGE* VOTING BEHAVIOR 560093 ALWAYS VOTE IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS 560094 XALWAYS VOTE FOR SAME PARTY 560095 XHOW VOTE IN 1948 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 560096 XHOW VOTE IN 1952 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 560097 PAY ANY ATTENTION TO POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS 560098 YOU REGISTERED FOR NOVEMBER ELECTION 560099 YOU GOING TO VOTE IN NOVEMBER 560100 XHOW VOTE THIS PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 560101 XMOST IMPORTANT REASON VOTING FOR---* 560102 XHAS EISENHOWER'S HEALTH MADE A DIFFERENCE 560103 XFRAME OF REFERENCE-EISENHOWER'S HEALTH 560104 XHOW VOTE THIS PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 560105 XMOST IMPORTANT REASON VOTING FOR---* 560106 XHAS EISENHOWER'S HEALTH MADE A DIFFERENCE 560107 XFRAME OF REFERENCE--EISENHOWER'S HEALTH POLITICAL EFFICACY AND CITIZEN DUTY 560108 PEOPLE HAVE NO SAY IN GOVERNMENT 560109 VOTING THE ONLY WAY TO INFLUENCE GOVERNMENT 560110 IF PARTY CAN'T WIN-NEEDN'T VOTE 560111 ONE VOTE UNIMPORTANT IN TOTAL VOTE 560112 POLITICS TOO COMPLICATED TO UNDERSTAND 560113 NO CARE- NEEDN'T VOTE IN ELECTION 560114 LOCAL ELECTIONS UNIMPORTANT 560115 PEOPLE'S OPINION IS UNIMPORTANT TO GOVERNMENT CODER ESTIMATE OF VOTING BEHAVIOR 560116 CODER ESTIMATE OF RESPONDENT'S VOTE 560117 XCODER ESTIMATE WHY RESPONDENT VOTING---PARTY 560118 XCODER ESTIMATE WHY RESPONDENT VOTING DEMOCRATIC 560119 XCODER ESTIMATE WHY RESPONDENT VOTING REPUBLICAN PERSONAL DATA 560120 RESPONDENT'S OCCUPATION* 560121 INDUSTRY* 560122 XSELF EMPLOYED OR NOT 560123 XRESPONDENT'S OCCUPATION IF UNEMPLOYED OR RETIRED* 560124 XINDUSTRY CODE FOR UNEMPLOYED OR RETIRED RESPONDENT* 560125 XHEAD OF HOUSEHOLD'S OCCUPATION-USE OCCUPATION CODE* 560126 XINDUSTRY CODE FOR HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD'S OCCUPATION* 560127 XIS HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD SELF-EMPLOYED 560128 XHEAD OF HOUSEHOLD'S OCCUPATION IF UNEMPLOYED OR RETIRED* 560129 XINDUSTRY CODE FOR UNEMPLOYED OR RETIRED HEAD* 560130 ANYONE IN HOUSEHOLD IN A LABOR UNION 560131 XWHAT UNION IS THAT* 560132 YOU PROTESTANT, CATHOLIC OR JEWISH 560133 HOW OFTEN ATTEND CHURCH COGNITIONS ABOUT VOTING BEHAVIOR OF VARIOUS GROUPS 560134 XPERCEIVED FARMERS' VOTE 560135 XREASONS FARMERS' VOTING--PARTY 560136 XREASONS FOR FARMER'S VOTE 560137 XFARMER-LOCAL VOTE SAME AS NATIONAL 560138 XREASONS LOCAL FARMERS VOTE DIFFERENT 560139 XFARMER LEADERS-VOTE DEMOCRATIC OR REPUBLICAN 560140 XWHICH FARM LEADERS REFERRED TO 560141 XGOVERNMENT SUBSIDIZATION OF FARM PRODUCE-GOOD 560142 PERCEIVED WORKING CLASS VOTE 560143 XREASONS FOR WORKING CLASS VOTE 560144 XREASONS-WORKING CLASS VOTE-SECOND CODE 560145 PERCEIVED MIDDLE CLASS VOTE 560146 XREASONS FOR MIDDLE CLASS VOTE 560147 XREASONS-MIDDLE CLASS VOTE-SECOND CODE 560148 XPERCEIVED VOTE OF OWN LABOR UNION LEADERS 560149 XPERCEIVED LABOR UNION VOTE 560150 XREASONS FOR LABOR UNION VOTE 560151 XOWN UNION VOTE-SAME OR DIFFERENT 560152 XWHY OWN VOTE DIFFERENT 560153 XPERCEIVED VOTE OF OWN LABOR UNION 560154 XREASONS FOR OWN UNION VOTE 560155 XSUMMARY CODE-NEGATIVE UNION REFERENCES 560156 XPERCEIVED NEGRO VOTE 560157 XREASONS FOR NEGRO VOTE 560158 XPERCEIVED VOTE OF NEGRO LEADERS 560159 XREFERENCE TO PARTICULAR LEADERS OR ORGANIZATIONS 560160 XPERCEIVED PROTESTANT VOTE (ASKED OF CATHOLICS) 560161 XPERCEIVED CATHOLIC VOTE 560162 XREASONS FOR CATHOLIC VOTE 560163 XPERCEIVED VOTE OF CATHOLIC LEADERS 560164 XREFERENCE TO PARTICULAR LEADERS OR ORGANIZATIONS 560165 XCONTENT CODE FOR CATHOLICS 560166 XPERCEIVED PROTESTANT VOTE (ASKED OF JEWS) 560167 XPERCEIVED JEWISH VOTE 560168 XREASONS FOR JEWISH VOTE 560169 XPERCEIVED VOTE OF JEWISH LEADERS 560170 XREFERENCE TO PARTICULAR LEADERS OR ORGANIZATIONS PERSONAL DATA (CONT.) 560171 SEX* 560172 RACE* 560173 NUMBER OF ADULTS IN HOUSEHOLD 560174 RELATIONSHIP OF RESPONDENT TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD 560175 AGE OF RESPONDENT 560176 AGE OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD 560177 MARITAL STATUS* 560178 NUMBER OF CHILDREN UNDER 18 IN FAMILY 560179 XAGE OF YOUNGEST CHILD 560180 LIFE CYCLE 560181 EDUCATION OF RESPONDENT* 560182 WHERE WERE YOU BORN* 560183 RESPONDENT'S PARENTS, GRANDPARENTS-NATIVE OR FOREIGN 560184 XPLACE OF BIRTH OF RESPONDENT, FATHER OR GRANDPARENTS-IF FOREIGN 560185 XPLACE OF BIRTH OF RESPONDENT'S MOTHER, MOTHER'S PARENTS 560186 XPLACE OF BIRTH OF GRANDFATHER 560187 PLACE OF BIRTH OF GRANDMOTHER 560188 AREA OF USA RESPONDENT GREW UP IN* 560189 WHERE RAISED (FARM,CITY-) 560190 TOTAL FAMILY INCOME* 560191 PERCENT OF FAMILY INCOME EARNED BY HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD* POST ELECTION STUDY PROCEDURE 560192 INTERVIEWER 560193 DATE SECOND INTERVIEW TAKEN 560194 CODER 560195 INTERVIEW FORM MASS MEDIA USAGE 560196 READ ABOUT CAMPAIGN IN PAPER 560197 XWHICH PAPER READ MOST 560198 HEAR ABOUT CAMPAIGN ON RADIO 560199 SEE MUCH OF CAMPAIGN ON TELEVISION 560200 READ ABOUT CAMPAIGN IN MAGAZINES 560201 XWHICH MEDIA MOST INFORMATIVE* 560202 XPAPERS FAIR TO BOTH SIDES VOTING BEHAVIOR 560203 RESPONDENT'S ACTUAL OR INTENDED VOTE 560204 REASONS FOR ACTUAL OR INTENDED VOTE* 560205 XWHY DIDN'T YOU VOTE 560206 XWHEN DECIDE ON VOTING PREFERENCE 560207 XCONSIDERED VOTING FOR OPPOSITE CANDIDATE 560208 XWHY NOT VOTE FOR OPPOSITE CANDIDATE 560209 XYOUR VOTE BEST, NO DIFFERENCE-- 560210 XDEGREE OF CARE ABOUT VOTING 560211 XHOW VOTE FOR UNITED STATES SENATOR 560212 XHOW VOTE FOR UNITED STATES CONGRESSMAN 560213 XMOST IMPORTANT REASON FOR VOTING FOR---FOR CONGRESSIONAL CANDIDATE 560214 XPARTY VOTE IN STATE AND LOCAL ELECTIONS POLITICAL ACTIVITY 560215 YOU TRY TO INFLUENCE OTHERS VOTE 560216 CONTRIBUTE MONEY TO ANY CAMPAIGN 560217 EVER GO TO POLITICAL MEETINGS 560218 WORK FOR A POLITICAL PARTY 560219 YOU A MEMBER OF A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 560220 DISPLAY CAMPAIGN SLOGANS 560221 PARTY MEMBER CONTACT YOU 560222 XWHAT ASPECT OF VOTE DISCUSSED PERSONAL DATA 560223 RESPONDENT'S PERCEIVED SOCIAL CLASS 560224 PERCEIVED POSITION IN CLASS CHOSEN 560225 PERCEIVED SOCIAL CLASS OF FAMILY 560226 XMARITAL STATUS* 560227 XPARTY VOTE OF MATE 560228 AGE-FIRST FULL TIME JOB OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD 560229 RESPONDENT'S OR HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD'S FIRST FULL TIME OCCUPATION* 560230 RESPONDENT'S OR HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD'S FIRST FULL TIME INDUSTRY* 560231 ANNUAL INCOME OF FIRST FULL TIME JOB 560232 XPERCENT TIME SPENT FARMING 560233 XOWN FARM-MANAGE, RENT-- 560234 XHOW MUCH LAND IS FARMED 560235 XWHAT KIND OF FARMING IS DONE GENERALLY* 560236 XPRODUCE PRICES-SAME, RISEN 560237 XEFFECT OF GOVERNMENT POLICY ON PRICE FEELING TOWARDS VARIOUS GROUPS AND THEIR POLITICAL ACTIVITY 560238 XFEEL CLOSEST TO FARMERS OR NOT 560239 XMUCH INTEREST IN THE WELFARE OF FARMERS 560240 XYOU, HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD, A MEMBER OF A FARM ORGANIZATION 560241 XDEGREE OF INTEREST IN ORGANIZATION 560242 XFARM PRESSURE ON CONGRESS-GOOD 560243 XFARM ORGANIZATION ASSISTANCE TO CANDIDATES-GOOD 560244 XTIME RESPONDENT OR HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD WITH UNION 560245 XFEEL CLOSE TO LABOR UNION 560246 XMUCH INTEREST- LABOR UNION WELFARE 560247 XRESPONDENT'S, MEMBERS', INTEREST IN LABOR UNION 560248 XLABOR UNION PRESSURE ON CONGRESS-GOOD 560249 XLABOR UNION ASSISTANCE TO CANDIDATES-GOOD 560250 XFEEL CLOSEST TO NEGROES OR NOT 560251 XMUCH INTEREST IN WELFARE OF NEGROES 560252 XNEGRO PRESSURE ON CONGRESS-GOOD 560253 XNEGRO ORGANIZATION ASSISTANCE TO CANDIDATES-GOOD 560254 XFEEL CLOSEST TO CATHOLICS 560255 XMUCH INTEREST IN WELFARE OF CATHOLICS 560256 XCATHOLIC PRESSURE ON CONGRESS-GOOD 560257 XCATHOLIC ORGANIZATION ASSISTANCE TO CANDIDATES-GOOD 560258 XFEEL CLOSEST TO JEWS 560259 XMUCH INTEREST IN WELFARE OF JEWS 560260 XJEWISH PRESSURE ON CONGRESS-GOOD 560261 XJEWISH ORGANIZATION ASSISTANCE TO CANDIDATES-GOOD 560262 DEGREE OF TRUST IN VETERANS 560263 DEGREE OF TRUST IN PROTESTANT GROUPS 560264 DEGREE OF TRUST IN FARM GROUPS 560265 DEGREE OF TRUST IN NEGRO GROUPS 560266 DEGREE OF TRUST IN BUSINESS GROUPS 560267 DEGREE OF TRUST IN JEWISH GROUPS 560268 DEGREE OF TRUST IN COLLEGE GROUPS 560269 DEGREE OF TRUST IN LABOR UNIONS 560270 DEGREE OF TRUST IN CATHOLIC GROUPS CONSERVATISM (MCCLOSKY) 560271 PREFER PRACTICAL MAN TO INTELLECTUAL 560272 CHANGE MAKES THINGS WORSE 560273 LONG GROWTH BRINGS WISDOM 560274 STAYING WITH THE KNOWN BEST 560275 FOREFATHERS KNEW BEST 560276 WISE MEN ARE OLDER MEN AUTHORITARIANISM (MODIFIED F SCALE) 560277 SOCIALLY, INTELLECTUAL SUPERIOR TO MANUFACTURER 560278 SCIENCE MAY CONTRADICT OUR BELIEFS 560279 NATURE OF MAN NECESSITATES WAR 560280 ATTENTION TO UNPOPULAR IDEAS IS IMPORTANT 560281 YOUNGSTERS NEED STRICT DISCIPLINE 560282 FAILURES LACK WILLPOWER 560283 ASTROLOGY CAN'T EXPLAIN ANYTHING 560284 SEX CRIMINALS NEED WHIPPING 560285 DESTRUCTIVE URGES LEARNED, NOT INBORN 560286 A GOOD JOB NEEDS DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS 560287 IT'S BEST TO DECIDE IMMEDIATELY THAN TO PLAN 560288 LIFE WILL WORK OUT ALL RIGHT 560289 BAD LUCK CHARACTERIZES MY LIFE 560290 NO TROUBLE WITH IMPORTANT DECISIONS 560291 MY WILLPOWER IS ABOVE AVERAGE 560292 CHANGE MAKES PLANNING USELESS 560293 I ALWAYS FEEL CONFIDENT 560294 NO USE TO TRY IN LIFE 560295 AGE OF RESPONDENT-DISCREET YEARS 560296 POLITICAL EFFICACY INDEX 560297 INVOLVEMENT INDEX 560298 OCCUPATION OF RESPONDENT'S FATHER