THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Trust the Federal Government 1958-2008 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 None of the Time (vol.) 0 ** ** 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 4 4 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 0 1 2 Some of the Time 23 ** ** 22 28 36 44 44 61 62 64 69 62 53 57 56 69 68 74 66 58 55 44 52 68 Most of the Time 57 ** ** 62 48 54 47 48 34 30 27 23 31 40 35 36 25 26 19 30 36 40 51 43 25 Just About Always 16 ** ** 14 17 7 6 5 2 3 2 2 2 4 3 4 3 3 2 3 4 4 5 4 5 Don't Know, Depends 4 ** ** 1 4 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1774 1445 1285 1337 1497 2279 2499 2859 2288 1606 1401 1921 1081 1768 1963 2247 1769 1496 1278 1541 1312 1061 1059 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5A.1 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: ""How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right-- just about always, most of the time or only some of the time?" This question is variable VCF0604 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Trust the Federal Government 1958-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Some of the Time/ None of the Time' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 23 ** ** 19 30 38 44 45 59 63 66 73 63 56 61 56 73 71 78 65 57 56 43 54 71 Females 24 ** ** 24 31 36 45 45 63 64 69 73 66 52 59 60 69 69 77 69 62 55 46 53 68 Whites 23 ** ** 22 31 37 43 43 60 63 68 73 64 53 57 56 71 71 79 68 61 54 42 50 70 Blacks 31 ** ** 22 27 36 59 65 78 71 65 72 70 61 75 74 76 72 77 65 64 67 59 66 72 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 32 ** ** 30 33 43 53 54 70 66 61 66 60 49 65 66 68 59 63 64 58 53 36* 53* 57* High School Diploma 22 ** ** 20 30 35 42 45 63 66 71 72 67 56 59 59 70 70 76 65 60 57 44 50 71 Some College, no Degree 16 ** ** 18 29 38 41 38 52 61 67 74 65 53 61 57 70 70 79 68 62 57 46 52 68 College Degree/ Post-grad 16 ** ** 20 33 29 40 39 57 55 61 78 60 54 57 54 75 74 84 69 56 53 47 60 69 Income 0-16 Percentile 35 ** ** 29 33 42 52 50 61 60 67 67 69 57 66 67 64 69 68 56 57 56 ** 54 64 Income 17-33 Percentile 25 ** ** 22 32 35 55 50 73 65 68 73 66 55 60 62 72 66 78 63 57 55 ** 52 72 Income 34-67 Percentile 21 ** ** 21 29 39 44 47 58 63 69 73 66 55 60 57 70 74 77 71 62 63 ** 49 71 Income 68-95 Percentile 18 ** ** 20 31 32 37 37 60 63 65 77 62 52 53 52 71 68 81 68 60 50 ** 54 74 Income 96-100 Percentile 22 ** ** 14 28 32 42 33 59 65 68 81 60 55 56* 56* 79 76 88 71 61 54 ** 62 57 Professionals 21 ** ** 17 ** 34 38 38 54 60 65 76 62 52 58 55 72 70 81 70 59 51 ** 64 ** White Collar 18 ** ** 20 ** 32 44 40 58 58 67 77 64 56 54 55 68 72 82 69 58 56 ** 48 ** Blue Collar 26 ** ** 23 ** 40 48 50 67 68 68 72 68 56 64 63 73 71 77 66 61 59 ** 48 ** Unskilled 35 ** ** 13* ** 30* 79* 66* 70* 68 63 57* 46* 67* 69* 67* 68 74* 65 57* 65* 57* ** 70* ** Farmers 32 ** ** 28 ** 45 54 45 64 61 71* 77* 59* 58 72* 55 68 62 60* 52* 41* 53* ** 54* ** Housewives 22 ** ** 25 ** 36 42 44 63 63 72 73 67 48 55 58 68 65 77 70 69 56 ** 41 ** Union Households 25 ** ** 19 31 32 45 47 65 67 69 74 64 59 60 57 72 71 76 68 57 56 40 52 77 Non-Union Households 23 ** ** 23 31 38 44 44 60 62 67 73 65 53 60 59 70 70 78 67 60 55 45 54 68 South 28 ** ** 25 33 40 48 47 64 63 64 72 61 54 61 61 67 66 75 62 56 61 48 53 69 Nonsouth 22 ** ** 21 30 35 43 44 61 63 69 73 66 54 59 57 72 72 78 70 61 53 43 54 70 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 67 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46* 64 53 53 59 48 59 74 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 64 61 58 55 63 59 66 72 77 72 55 61 48 54 65 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 19* 19 31 41 42 55 62 66 76 67 51 62 59 75 70 82 67 63 57 41 50 72 Born 1927-1942 22 ** ** 19 26 27 40 44 64 66 69 77 66 60 56 55 70 68 78 65 62 48 42 52 63* Born 1911-1926 20 ** ** 22 33 41 45 46 68 63 69 73 61 55 56 56 73 70 70 60 63 43 36 46 ** Born 1895-1910 27 ** ** 26 35 48 53 51 63 65 69 62 67 50 59 68 58 63 79* 76* 72* 50* 0* ** ** Born before 1895 29 ** ** 21 39 35 47 45 55 50 54* 67* 50* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 26 ** ** 19 26 33 47 51 62 68 64 68 67 59 67 64 74 71 74 61 54 52 50 65 67 Independents 25 ** ** 27 28 49 51 45 67 65 69 75 67 47 65 62 67 78 79 76 66 58 54 59 73 Republicans (incl leaners) 18 ** ** 27 40 39 37 36 58 56 74 79 60 50 47 51 68 67 81 72 65 59 38 39 72 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 54 59 67 62 70 67 58 70 61 73 74 78 64 58 52 48 69 65 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 42 61 63 72 72 64 55 55 58 70 69 75 67 57 47 38 56 66 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 37 63 60 71 82 66 53 55 56 73 71 82 71 61 58 42 43 73 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5A.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Trust the Federal Government 1958-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Most of the Time/ Just About Always' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 75 ** ** 80 66 62 55 54 39 35 32 26 35 43 38 43 26 28 21 35 43 43 57 46 29 Females 71 ** ** 74 64 61 53 52 34 32 27 25 31 45 39 39 29 30 22 31 37 44 54 47 32 Whites 74 ** ** 77 65 61 55 55 38 35 29 25 34 46 42 43 27 28 20 32 38 46 58 50 30 Blacks 62 ** ** 76 64 62 39 31 18 22 29 26 26 32 21 25 22 27 22 35 36 32 41 34 28 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 61 ** ** 67 60 53 43 41 25 25 27 27 30 41 27 30 27 37 32 34 41 46 64* 40* 39* High School Diploma 76 ** ** 79 67 63 57 53 35 32 26 26 30 43 39 40 29 29 23 35 39 42 56 50 29 Some College, no Degree 84 ** ** 81 69 62 59 60 47 36 32 26 33 46 37 43 30 29 21 32 38 43 54 48 32 College Degree/ Post-grad 81 ** ** 79 66 70 60 61 41 43 37 22 40 46 43 46 25 26 16 31 44 47 53 40 31 Income 0-16 Percentile 57 ** ** 67 56 54 45 46 32 31 26 30 27 38 30 30 31 29 30 44 41 44 ** 45 36 Income 17-33 Percentile 71 ** ** 76 64 63 43 48 25 30 29 25 32 43 38 35 26 33 21 37 43 45 ** 48 28 Income 34-67 Percentile 79 ** ** 78 69 60 55 51 41 35 30 26 32 45 40 43 29 25 23 29 38 37 ** 51 29 Income 68-95 Percentile 80 ** ** 80 67 67 62 62 39 36 33 23 37 47 47 48 29 32 19 32 40 50 ** 46 26 Income 96-100 Percentile 78 ** ** 86 68 66 58 66 40 35 31 19 39 45 44* 44* 21 24 12 29 39 46 ** 38 42 Professionals 76 ** ** 81 ** 65 61 61 45 39 33 24 37 47 41 44 28 30 19 30 41 48 ** 36 ** White Collar 80 ** ** 80 ** 66 56 58 41 39 31 21 34 43 44 45 32 28 17 31 41 44 ** 52 ** Blue Collar 73 ** ** 76 ** 59 51 47 32 29 27 26 29 41 34 36 25 27 22 33 39 41 ** 51 ** Unskilled 63 ** ** 88* ** 70* 21* 34* 30* 28 29 39* 41* 33* 27* 31* 30 26* 31 43* 35* 43* ** 30* ** Farmers 62 ** ** 71 ** 55 41 52 33 31 26* 16* 32* 39 25* 45 27 36 36* 48* 59* 47* ** 46* ** Housewives 72 ** ** 73 ** 60 55 53 32 31 24 23 30 50 42 40 29 33 23 30 31 43 ** 59 ** Union Households 73 ** ** 80 65 65 52 51 34 31 29 24 34 39 40 42 28 28 24 32 43 43 60 48 23 Non-Union Households 73 ** ** 75 65 60 54 54 37 34 29 26 32 45 38 40 28 29 21 33 39 44 55 46 31 South 67 ** ** 73 61 60 51 50 33 32 31 26 35 42 37 38 30 33 23 38 42 39 52 47 31 Nonsouth 75 ** ** 78 66 62 55 54 37 34 28 25 32 45 39 42 27 27 21 30 39 46 57 46 30 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 54* 33 47 46 41 52 41 26 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 36 41 43 36 39 33 27 22 28 45 39 52 45 35 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 81* 78 69 58 57 43 37 32 23 31 48 37 40 24 30 18 33 37 43 59 49 28 Born 1927-1942 76 ** ** 81 70 71 59 56 35 32 29 23 32 38 41 45 28 30 21 35 38 52 58 48 36* Born 1911-1926 78 ** ** 77 64 58 53 52 31 33 26 24 35 42 42 42 24 28 29 39 35 57 64 53 ** Born 1895-1910 68 ** ** 72 62 50 45 45 32 27 23 32 26 43 35 29 40 30 21* 24* 28* 51* 100* ** ** Born before 1895 64 ** ** 74 51 58 46 50 39 34 38* 33* 50* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 71 ** ** 80 71 65 52 47 36 29 33 30 30 39 31 35 25 28 26 39 45 47 50 35 33 Independents 72 ** ** 71 66 48 46 52 29 30 26 20 27 46 32 34 27 20 15 24 32 39 46 39 27 Republicans (incl leaners) 79 ** ** 71 56 59 60 62 40 41 24 20 39 49 52 48 32 33 19 27 35 41 62 61 28 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 45 40 32 36 30 32 41 29 39 27 26 22 36 41 48 52 30 35 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56 38 36 26 27 35 44 43 42 29 31 25 33 43 53 62 44 34 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62 36 38 28 18 33 47 45 44 27 29 18 29 38 42 58 57 27 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5A.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Is the Government Run for the Benefit of All 1964-2008 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Few Big Interests 29 33 40 50 53 66 66 67 70 61 55 ** 64 71 75 76 69 64 61 48 56 69 Benefit of All 64 53 51 41 38 25 24 24 21 29 39 ** 31 24 20 19 27 32 35 51 40 29 Don't Know, Depends 7 13 9 9 9 9 10 9 9 10 6 ** 5 5 4 5 3 4 5 2 4 2 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1443 1276 1336 1496 2273 2500 2839 2263 1593 1397 1898 1761 1952 2228 1757 1490 1271 1530 1276 1061 2101 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5A.2 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Would you say the government is pretty much run by a few big interests looking out for themselves or that it is run for the benefit of all the people?" This question is variable VCF0605 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Is the Government Run for the Benefit of All 1964-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Few Big Interests' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 30 36 45 51 55 69 68 66 72 59 57 ** 64 72 77 76 71 62 61 46 58 74 Females 27 31 36 49 52 64 65 67 69 63 53 ** 63 71 74 76 69 65 60 49 54 65 Whites 29 35 41 49 52 66 66 68 73 61 55 ** 63 74 78 78 71 66 61 46 53 71 Blacks 28 23 26 65 67 69 73 59 54 64 59 ** 70 70 74 68 62 62 63 58 71 67 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 33 33 46 63 58 71 69 59 67 57 53 ** 66 65 64 61 64 58 72 33* 53* 54* High School Diploma 27 36 40 48 54 66 68 67 71 60 55 ** 66 70 74 77 70 64 61 48 55 69 Some College, no Degree 29 29 36 40 52 62 66 70 73 68 54 ** 62 76 78 80 73 67 64 49 56 73 College Degree/ Post-grad 26 27 32 42 46 65 60 66 67 57 57 ** 60 74 78 73 65 62 55 49 58 67 Income 0-16 Percentile 36 37 42 60 53 65 64 66 65 62 55 ** 68 63 67 72 60 58 63 ** 58 62 Income 17-33 Percentile 26 37 41 58 61 79 67 67 72 59 55 ** 67 71 78 76 74 64 66 ** 61 69 Income 34-67 Percentile 30 32 42 52 56 64 67 71 71 64 56 ** 68 72 77 78 73 66 64 ** 50 73 Income 68-95 Percentile 26 30 35 41 49 67 68 67 74 62 55 ** 58 73 77 77 70 66 56 ** 53 70 Income 96-100 Percentile 16 27 37 42 36 41 52 64 69 54 43 ** 38* 71 78 74 66 66 53 ** 64 57 Professionals 29 ** 37 44 47 63 64 70 68 59 56 ** 61 73 80 74 67 63 58 ** 62 ** White Collar 29 ** 39 42 51 66 65 67 74 62 56 ** 67 72 75 79 70 68 63 ** 55 ** Blue Collar 28 ** 45 52 62 72 75 66 71 62 56 ** 65 72 77 77 71 64 66 ** 52 ** Unskilled 34* ** 25* 71* 63* 78* 70 61 70* 66* 67* ** 79* 68 76* 78 68* 75* 65* ** 71* ** Farmers 36 ** 56 73 54 64 55 60* 90* 59* 58 ** 73 68 62 73* 73* 71* 40* ** 59* ** Housewives 26 ** 34 51 49 61 59 68 70 60 47 ** 55 70 67 76 76 65 56 ** 43 ** Union Households 24 34 42 47 59 67 72 68 74 63 62 ** 64 75 83 76 73 61 60 48 60 77 Non-Union Households 30 33 39 51 51 66 65 66 69 61 53 ** 64 71 74 76 69 64 61 48 55 68 South 33 42 42 57 52 68 64 63 64 58 53 ** 67 70 71 72 67 60 64 48 52 67 Nonsouth 27 31 39 48 54 66 67 68 73 62 56 ** 62 72 77 78 71 66 59 48 58 71 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62* 79 67 49 50 49 61 68 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 45 61 50 50 ** 56 62 70 76 71 63 62 47 52 74 Born 1943-1958 29* 27 33 43 54 62 70 67 73 65 54 ** 69 74 77 79 69 68 61 47 55 74 Born 1927-1942 23 28 35 46 53 70 65 67 70 60 57 ** 60 74 74 74 69 64 62 48 58 64 Born 1911-1926 30 33 40 50 54 68 66 68 73 61 58 ** 62 79 83 71 68 67 67 54 55 ** Born 1895-1910 34 38 48 59 54 67 63 69 65 58 54 ** 76 71 74 61* 53* 64* 45* 0* ** ** Born before 1895 31 46 42 55 48 68 49 58* 78* 67* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 24 28 37 53 60 67 75 65 69 65 65 ** 70 75 78 75 67 60 59 56 70 71 Independents 39 42 53 53 54 72 64 65 67 64 50 ** 67 69 76 79 76 70 68 60 60 64 Republicans (incl leaners) 37 39 41 43 43 61 54 71 75 54 46 ** 55 67 72 77 71 67 61 37 39 67 Liberals ** ** ** ** 66 74 74 68 67 69 65 ** 69 77 81 78 65 68 53 57 70 76 Moderates ** ** ** ** 51 65 71 72 74 64 55 ** 66 73 76 75 70 63 56 54 58 72 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 46 65 60 69 76 60 50 ** 59 70 74 78 70 63 59 38 44 67 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5A.2.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Is the Government Run for the Benefit of All 1964-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Benefit of All' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 63 52 46 40 38 26 24 25 20 32 38 ** 33 25 20 19 26 35 35 51 38 26 Females 65 54 55 41 37 24 24 24 22 27 40 ** 29 23 21 20 28 30 34 50 42 32 Whites 63 52 49 42 39 25 24 23 19 29 40 ** 32 22 18 18 26 30 35 53 42 27 Blacks 68 64 66 33 24 19 19 32 34 24 30 ** 25 23 22 27 32 34 33 39 27 32 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 57 47 41 30 31 20 19 26 19 29 33 ** 25 23 26 23 21 35 22 55* 35* 38* High School Diploma 68 54 52 43 37 24 24 24 20 31 39 ** 28 26 21 19 28 33 34 51 41 29 Some College, no Degree 63 54 55 51 41 28 26 23 21 24 40 ** 34 20 19 18 25 30 32 50 41 26 College Degree/ Post-grad 62 63 61 45 45 30 28 26 26 32 41 ** 37 25 19 22 31 33 41 49 39 32 Income 0-16 Percentile 56 48 50 31 34 22 26 22 24 29 32 ** 24 28 27 23 34 36 32 ** 37 35 Income 17-33 Percentile 63 49 49 34 30 14 22 26 20 31 39 ** 28 25 19 19 24 34 29 ** 37 27 Income 34-67 Percentile 68 52 51 40 38 27 25 22 21 28 39 ** 28 24 20 19 24 30 32 ** 46 26 Income 68-95 Percentile 66 60 56 50 42 25 24 27 21 31 42 ** 38 25 20 19 28 31 40 ** 44 29 Income 96-100 Percentile 72 58 48 43 54 47 30 27 25 36 53 ** 53* 26 19 24 31 30 44 ** 35 40 Professionals 64 ** 56 44 44 30 27 24 26 31 40 ** 34 23 18 22 29 33 36 ** 36 ** White Collar 63 ** 52 48 39 23 26 24 17 27 38 ** 31 25 20 18 27 29 32 ** 41 ** Blue Collar 64 ** 45 40 31 21 18 26 21 30 39 ** 29 23 19 19 27 32 31 ** 42 ** Unskilled 66* ** 60* 29* 29* 16* 25 24 22* 18* 31* ** 14* 29 21* 14 21* 18* 30* ** 29* ** Farmers 53 ** 42 19 37 25 30 26* 0* 23* 31 ** 25 23 30 12* 7* 29* 48* ** 38* ** Housewives 67 ** 56 41 41 27 28 22 20 30 44 ** 33 24 26 17 22 31 42 ** 51 ** Union Households 69 52 50 45 33 23 20 26 19 32 34 ** 31 22 15 20 25 35 37 52 38 22 Non-Union Households 63 53 51 39 39 25 25 24 22 28 40 ** 31 24 22 19 28 32 34 50 41 30 South 60 45 51 35 40 23 24 27 25 31 39 ** 29 23 23 23 29 34 31 49 43 32 Nonsouth 65 56 51 43 37 25 24 23 20 28 39 ** 32 24 19 17 27 31 36 51 39 27 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 36 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 18 33 46 43 51 39 31 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 32 41 44 ** 39 33 26 20 27 33 33 52 43 24 Born 1943-1958 67* 64 56 51 39 28 24 26 20 26 42 ** 26 23 20 17 28 28 35 50 41 22 Born 1927-1942 69 59 58 44 37 25 24 24 23 29 38 ** 35 20 21 20 25 31 34 49 36 31 Born 1911-1926 64 54 49 42 39 23 24 22 18 28 33 ** 31 14 12 22 28 29 27 45 41 ** Born 1895-1910 57 47 44 32 37 22 22 21 19 30 31 ** 19 24 16 20* 32* 36* 45* 43* ** ** Born before 1895 59 36 45 28 34 15 33 31* 11* 33* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 70 59 55 39 32 24 18 27 24 25 32 ** 26 22 19 21 30 36 37 43 27 27 Independents 48 41 33 36 36 16 24 20 18 22 37 ** 23 20 18 11 22 24 26 35 33 33 Republicans (incl leaners) 56 48 50 46 47 30 34 22 19 38 48 ** 39 29 23 19 25 30 34 62 57 31 Liberals ** ** ** ** 29 20 19 24 25 23 32 ** 27 21 17 19 31 29 40 41 28 24 Moderates ** ** ** ** 39 27 21 21 18 30 40 ** 29 24 21 21 28 35 40 45 39 27 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 47 27 30 23 19 32 44 ** 36 26 22 19 26 33 38 61 51 32 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5A.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Do People in Government Waste Tax Money 1958-2008 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 A Lot 43 ** ** 47 ** 59 69 66 74 74 77 78 66 65 ** 63 67 67 70 59 61 59 48 61 72 Some 42 ** ** 44 ** 34 26 30 22 20 19 18 29 29 ** 33 30 30 27 39 34 38 49 37 26 Not Very Much 10 ** ** 7 ** 4 4 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 ** 2 2 2 2 1 4 3 3 2 1 Don't Know 4 ** ** 2 ** 3 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 ** 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1774 1447 1343 1502 2282 2515 2865 2291 1607 1403 1920 1768 1962 2249 1769 1500 1278 1541 1311 1059 2109 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5A.3 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Do you think that people in the government waste a lot of money we pay in taxes, waste some of it, or don't waste very much of it?" This question is variable VCF0606 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Do People in Government Waste Tax Money 1958-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'A Lot' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 46 ** ** 50 ** 66 73 70 76 75 79 81 69 71 ** 66 71 72 71 62 60 60 52 63 76 Females 41 ** ** 44 ** 54 65 62 73 73 76 77 63 60 ** 61 63 64 69 56 62 57 44 59 69 Whites 44 ** ** 49 ** 62 70 66 74 76 78 81 68 67 ** 65 69 70 72 61 62 58 47 60 74 Blacks 39 ** ** 34 ** 36 58 65 77 65 69 59 49 57 ** 55 64 58 57 47 57 54 42 62 70 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 43 ** ** 43 ** 62 75 67 75 69 71 71 61 50 ** 62 61 60 60 50 57 70 67* 73* 68* High School Diploma 42 ** ** 46 ** 55 65 67 76 75 78 78 65 64 ** 63 65 65 68 61 63 61 50 61 75 Some College, no Degree 50 ** ** 54 ** 70 70 66 70 78 78 82 71 71 ** 63 71 72 75 60 62 59 47 62 74 College Degree/ Post-grad 41 ** ** 53 ** 55 71 62 70 71 78 80 64 66 ** 63 68 70 73 56 57 53 42 56 68 Income 0-16 Percentile 41 ** ** 45 ** 53 65 62 67 65 70 67 60 54 ** 56 61 56 56 47 57 60 ** 57 70 Income 17-33 Percentile 42 ** ** 43 ** 63 66 67 80 70 74 79 66 64 ** 64 65 62 68 63 56 63 ** 64 74 Income 34-67 Percentile 40 ** ** 46 ** 59 71 67 73 77 81 81 69 68 ** 64 66 71 73 62 66 58 ** 57 73 Income 68-95 Percentile 47 ** ** 50 ** 58 69 67 77 76 80 83 64 69 ** 65 69 71 77 59 61 56 ** 62 73 Income 96-100 Percentile 50 ** ** 54 ** 74 69 62 80 81 76 81 73 68 ** 62* 71 73 68 57 63 64 ** 65 72 Professionals 45 ** ** 51 ** 68 71 67 70 76 79 81 68 69 ** 63 68 70 73 59 62 54 ** 60 ** White Collar 44 ** ** 52 ** 60 66 64 81 74 76 82 67 68 ** 66 63 68 69 62 60 61 ** 59 ** Blue Collar 47 ** ** 44 ** 63 71 69 77 75 77 77 67 65 ** 62 69 69 73 61 64 62 ** 66 ** Unskilled 37 ** ** 28* ** 45* 75* 63* 81* 63 73 76* 54* 59* ** 60* 61 66* 49 54* 55* 54* ** 65* ** Farmers 50 ** ** 47 ** 64 76 72 73 68 74* 84* 64* 61 ** 69 68 55 69* 51* 41* 53* ** 65* ** Housewives 39 ** ** 46 ** 50 64 64 70 72 78 76 65 56 ** 62 66 63 68 54 68 62 ** 52 ** Union Households 48 ** ** 41 ** 60 69 68 71 78 79 77 66 69 ** 64 67 75 72 61 64 58 43 62 79 Non-Union Households 42 ** ** 49 ** 59 69 65 75 73 76 79 66 64 ** 62 67 66 70 59 60 59 49 60 71 South 45 ** ** 47 ** 62 69 67 73 72 75 78 67 65 ** 61 67 63 64 55 59 64 49 60 72 Nonsouth 43 ** ** 47 ** 58 69 65 74 74 78 78 65 65 ** 64 66 69 73 62 62 56 47 61 73 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 66 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* 56 55 44 46 40 47 71 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 66 58 49 53 ** 50 58 62 66 54 60 56 45 60 79 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 43* ** 54 63 59 69 72 75 79 66 65 ** 67 67 68 72 60 65 59 51 63 77 Born 1927-1942 37 ** ** 43 ** 55 66 67 74 77 80 83 70 71 ** 62 76 72 79 60 66 68 54 72 63 Born 1911-1926 41 ** ** 48 ** 63 72 71 81 77 80 80 69 71 ** 69 72 74 69 70 64 66 46 67 ** Born 1895-1910 48 ** ** 49 ** 62 74 68 76 71 78 76 61 57 ** 71 55 62 60* 63* 64* 76* 57* ** ** Born before 1895 49 ** ** 53 ** 63 72 62 65 65 69* 78* 50* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 45 ** ** 42 ** 53 68 68 72 73 75 74 64 67 ** 63 68 67 65 55 58 54 47 62 69 Independents 47 ** ** 55 ** 66 68 66 75 77 81 75 65 58 ** 67 59 69 66 61 63 63 51 66 65 Republicans (incl leaners) 41 ** ** 57 ** 68 71 63 76 75 80 86 70 64 ** 62 68 68 77 64 64 63 47 58 79 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 68 74 71 77 74 57 70 ** 63 67 65 68 49 59 48 40 58 69 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 66 73 76 81 79 66 68 ** 67 67 68 74 64 58 46 43 61 75 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69 79 79 81 86 75 69 ** 65 72 74 76 64 66 66 53 66 76 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5A.3.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Do People in Government Waste Tax Money 1958-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Some' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 40 ** ** 41 ** 28 22 27 22 19 18 16 26 25 ** 31 26 27 27 36 37 36 44 35 22 Females 45 ** ** 46 ** 39 30 33 23 20 19 19 31 33 ** 34 34 32 28 42 32 40 53 38 28 Whites 43 ** ** 44 ** 33 25 31 23 20 19 16 28 29 ** 32 29 28 26 38 34 40 50 39 25 Blacks 36 ** ** 45 ** 45 35 26 13 21 21 28 40 28 ** 37 28 35 33 47 38 40 50 32 27 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 37 ** ** 42 ** 28 20 24 19 16 16 16 23 28 ** 28 28 28 27 48 38 23 33* 17* 20* High School Diploma 45 ** ** 46 ** 38 30 30 21 20 18 19 30 31 ** 33 32 32 29 37 32 35 45 35 23 Some College, no Degree 42 ** ** 41 ** 27 26 31 27 18 20 16 26 27 ** 34 27 27 25 39 33 39 52 35 25 College Degree/ Post-grad 51 ** ** 41 ** 42 25 37 28 26 21 18 35 30 ** 34 30 30 25 42 41 45 55 44 31 Income 0-16 Percentile 36 ** ** 39 ** 34 28 29 22 19 21 22 30 33 ** 34 30 35 35 49 34 33 ** 34 26 Income 17-33 Percentile 42 ** ** 50 ** 29 29 29 16 22 20 18 27 30 ** 31 30 35 32 35 38 36 ** 34 23 Income 34-67 Percentile 45 ** ** 45 ** 36 25 31 25 19 18 17 29 29 ** 34 32 28 26 37 30 39 ** 41 25 Income 68-95 Percentile 44 ** ** 44 ** 37 26 30 22 22 19 15 34 28 ** 33 30 28 22 40 38 43 ** 37 27 Income 96-100 Percentile 46 ** ** 43 ** 25 31 34 20 17 23 17 24 30 ** 36* 27 25 30 43 35 36 ** 35 26 Professionals 47 ** ** 44 ** 29 26 31 27 20 19 16 30 28 ** 34 31 29 25 41 35 45 ** 40 ** White Collar 45 ** ** 40 ** 35 29 32 17 23 21 16 29 30 ** 32 36 30 30 38 35 36 ** 38 ** Blue Collar 38 ** ** 46 ** 29 24 27 19 18 17 18 28 27 ** 34 26 28 25 37 32 34 ** 32 ** Unskilled 44 ** ** 44* ** 50* 21* 34* 16* 20 22 17* 33* 34* ** 33* 28 34* 49 46* 39* 34* ** 32* ** Farmers 26 ** ** 35 ** 24 18 24 21 16 16* 13* 20* 33 ** 20 28 35 27* 43* 52* 47* ** 27* ** Housewives 46 ** ** 46 ** 42 30 32 25 20 17 17 28 33 ** 32 30 30 27 43 26 31 ** 39 ** Union Households 37 ** ** 49 ** 36 28 28 25 18 18 19 30 26 ** 33 31 24 26 37 35 39 55 37 19 Non-Union Households 44 ** ** 42 ** 34 26 31 21 20 19 17 29 30 ** 33 30 31 28 40 34 38 48 36 27 South 38 ** ** 43 ** 31 27 27 22 19 18 17 26 26 ** 33 27 33 32 43 35 32 45 35 26 Nonsouth 44 ** ** 45 ** 35 26 31 22 20 19 18 30 31 ** 33 32 28 25 38 34 41 51 37 25 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 32 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62* 40 45 44 51 54 49 27 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 26 35 45 41 ** 44 38 34 32 44 35 40 51 38 19 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 52* ** 36 30 37 27 25 22 18 30 32 ** 31 31 31 26 38 33 38 47 34 21 Born 1927-1942 47 ** ** 48 ** 39 29 31 24 19 17 15 26 24 ** 33 21 24 20 38 30 31 45 27 29 Born 1911-1926 47 ** ** 44 ** 35 26 24 17 16 16 16 25 22 ** 27 23 24 26 29 31 30 50 23 ** Born 1895-1910 37 ** ** 41 ** 29 20 27 17 16 16 13 24 29 ** 24 40 26 38* 37* 36* 15* 43* ** ** Born before 1895 32 ** ** 36 ** 22 23 27 26 15 12* 22* 33* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 42 ** ** 48 ** 38 28 29 24 21 20 21 30 28 ** 33 30 31 32 44 37 43 49 35 28 Independents 41 ** ** 38 ** 30 24 27 20 17 15 18 29 28 ** 27 33 27 27 37 32 30 45 25 33 Republicans (incl leaners) 45 ** ** 38 ** 30 25 33 21 20 19 12 27 32 ** 34 30 29 22 34 32 35 50 41 20 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 30 23 27 20 23 39 27 ** 33 32 34 31 50 35 50 56 40 30 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 25 21 18 18 32 29 ** 31 31 30 25 35 38 46 55 37 23 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 29 19 19 18 12 23 29 ** 32 26 24 22 35 32 33 45 33 23 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5A.3.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Do People in Government Waste Tax Money 1958-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Not very Much' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 11 ** ** 7 ** 5 3 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 ** 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 1 Females 9 ** ** 6 ** 3 4 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 ** 3 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 2 1 Whites 10 ** ** 5 ** 4 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 ** 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 Blacks 19 ** ** 19 ** 8 6 4 1 7 5 7 7 7 ** 5 4 3 8 6 5 4 8 5 3 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 12 ** ** 9 ** 6 3 5 2 6 5 4 4 10 ** 6 5 6 9 1 5 6 0* 6* 5* High School Diploma 10 ** ** 6 ** 4 4 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 ** 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 5 3 2 Some College, no Degree 8 ** ** 5 ** 3 4 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 ** 2 1 1 1 0 4 1 1 2 1 College Degree/ Post-grad 8 ** ** 6 ** 3 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 ** 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 0 1 Income 0-16 Percentile 15 ** ** 10 ** 7 4 4 4 10 3 6 6 6 ** 7 4 6 6 4 5 5 ** 7 1 Income 17-33 Percentile 12 ** ** 6 ** 4 4 2 1 3 3 1 4 4 ** 2 3 2 0 2 5 1 ** 1 3 Income 34-67 Percentile 12 ** ** 7 ** 4 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ** 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 ** 2 1 Income 68-95 Percentile 8 ** ** 5 ** 4 4 2 0 1 1 1 1 2 ** 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 ** 1 0 Income 96-100 Percentile 4 ** ** 2 ** 2 0 3 0 1 1 3 1 2 ** 2* 3 2 1 0 2 0 ** 0 2 Professionals 8 ** ** 3 ** 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 3 ** 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 ** 1 ** White Collar 9 ** ** 7 ** 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 3 2 ** 1 1 1 0 0 4 3 ** 1 ** Blue Collar 12 ** ** 8 ** 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 4 ** 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 ** 1 ** Unskilled 13 ** ** 16* ** 5* 4* 3* 0* 9 0 2* 0* 5* ** 2* 7 0* 0 0* 7* 7* ** 0* ** Farmers 15 ** ** 17 ** 13 6 2 3 8 5* 0* 7* 2 ** 7 1 6 0* 6* 7* 0* ** 8* ** Housewives 9 ** ** 5 ** 3 4 2 1 3 2 3 2 7 ** 3 2 4 2 2 4 5 ** 9 ** Union Households 12 ** ** 8 ** 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 ** 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 Non-Union Households 10 ** ** 6 ** 4 4 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 ** 3 2 2 2 2 4 3 4 2 1 South 11 ** ** 8 ** 5 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 5 ** 4 3 3 3 3 5 3 6 3 1 Nonsouth 10 ** ** 6 ** 4 4 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 ** 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 1 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0* 4 0 10 2 6 3 1 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 3 4 4 4 ** 4 2 3 2 1 4 3 4 1 1 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 5* ** 9 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 ** 2 2 1 1 3 2 3 2 2 1 Born 1927-1942 13 ** ** 7 ** 3 4 1 0 1 1 1 0 3 ** 4 2 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 Born 1911-1926 8 ** ** 6 ** 1 2 3 1 3 2 2 2 4 ** 2 3 1 5 1 3 3 4 9 ** Born 1895-1910 10 ** ** 7 ** 7 4 3 2 6 2 4 5 6 ** 1 2 5 2* 0* 0* 0* 0* ** ** Born before 1895 12 ** ** 5 ** 6 4 4 2 2 8* 0* 17* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 10 ** ** 9 ** 6 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 3 ** 3 2 2 3 1 4 3 4 2 2 Independents 10 ** ** 5 ** 1 6 4 1 3 1 2 1 7 ** 3 3 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 1 Republicans (incl leaners) 10 ** ** 3 ** 2 3 2 2 3 0 2 2 3 ** 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 ** 3 1 2 1 1 6 2 4 1 1 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 3 1 2 1 1 2 3 ** 2 2 2 2 1 3 7 2 2 2 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 ** 2 1 2 1 1 2 0 3 1 1 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5A.3.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Are Government Officials Crooked 1958-2008 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Quite a Few 24 ** ** 29 ** 25 32 36 45 42 39 47 ** 32 ** 40 48 46 52 44 41 36 30 35 51 Not Many 44 ** ** 49 ** 52 49 45 42 40 42 41 ** 50 ** 45 40 44 39 47 46 49 56 53 42 Hardly Any 26 ** ** 18 ** 19 16 14 10 13 13 9 ** 14 ** 11 9 9 8 9 12 13 14 10 6 Don't Know 6 ** ** 4 ** 4 3 4 3 5 6 4 ** 4 ** 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 0 2 1 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1774 1438 1330 1489 2268 2498 2832 2266 1600 1905 1764 1957 2234 1765 1495 1275 1539 1297 1058 2110 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5A.4 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Do you think that quite a few of the people running the government are (1958-1972: a little) crooked, not very many are, or do you think hardly any of them are crooked (1958-1972: at all)?" This question is variable VCF0608 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Are Government Officials Crooked 1958-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Quite a Few' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 23 ** ** 27 ** 27 33 34 44 39 36 44 ** 30 ** 37 48 44 48 41 38 35 28 34 50 Females 25 ** ** 30 ** 24 31 37 46 44 42 49 ** 34 ** 43 48 47 54 46 43 37 31 37 53 Whites 24 ** ** 30 ** 26 29 33 44 40 39 47 ** 32 ** 39 48 46 52 44 43 35 29 33 49 Blacks 20 ** ** 21 ** 18 50 62 53 57 45 45 ** 38 ** 51 57 48 52 47 36 42 36 40 61 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 25 ** ** 31 ** 27 40 38 52 45 37 47 ** 33 ** 48 48 44 47 33 32 48 30* 33* 37* High School Diploma 26 ** ** 27 ** 27 30 38 49 46 43 49 ** 36 ** 43 49 48 53 48 43 39 31 39 55 Some College, no Degree 21 ** ** 34 ** 26 29 34 40 38 40 49 ** 29 ** 38 53 47 53 48 45 37 32 33 54 College Degree/ Post-grad 13 ** ** 25 ** 17 23 30 28 30 27 37 ** 26 ** 31 40 41 48 34 34 28 24 31 44 Income 0-16 Percentile 25 ** ** 33 ** 25 42 37 44 42 43 45 ** 33 ** 47 48 47 48 41 39 43 ** 36 54 Income 17-33 Percentile 24 ** ** 29 ** 26 33 39 61 45 43 49 ** 36 ** 45 53 49 55 46 40 40 ** 40 53 Income 34-67 Percentile 25 ** ** 27 ** 25 31 37 42 44 40 47 ** 33 ** 41 52 47 50 48 41 35 ** 38 52 Income 68-95 Percentile 24 ** ** 28 ** 27 28 33 43 35 35 45 ** 30 ** 34 42 43 51 41 43 36 ** 27 49 Income 96-100 Percentile 7 ** ** 28 ** 22 19 27 32 40 31 51 ** 21 ** 24* 32 38 44 36 42 32 ** 32 43 Professionals 18 ** ** 29 ** 24 26 28 40 36 32 41 ** 28 ** 37 42 39 47 36 37 31 ** 36 ** White Collar 21 ** ** 25 ** 21 27 40 41 41 42 51 ** 36 ** 38 42 49 57 48 40 36 ** 31 ** Blue Collar 27 ** ** 31 ** 32 37 41 49 49 42 48 ** 34 ** 45 54 51 53 45 43 41 ** 38 ** Unskilled 30 ** ** 16* ** 25* 29* 46* 49* 43 47 37* ** 39* ** 45* 51 60* 45 48* 19* 38* ** 45* ** Farmers 25 ** ** 24 ** 24 44 40 44 46 40* 55* ** 23 ** 51 55 35 50* 49* 31* 16* ** 56* ** Housewives 25 ** ** 30 ** 23 31 33 47 38 41 51 ** 30 ** 37 48 47 54 53 52 41 ** 29 ** Union Households 30 ** ** 29 ** 28 32 39 48 45 39 48 ** 35 ** 39 47 50 54 49 44 36 29 33 63 Non-Union Households 22 ** ** 29 ** 25 31 35 44 41 39 46 ** 31 ** 40 48 45 51 43 40 36 30 36 49 South 29 ** ** 28 ** 29 40 39 52 48 39 49 ** 39 ** 45 52 44 50 45 42 46 32 36 54 Nonsouth 22 ** ** 29 ** 24 29 35 43 40 39 46 ** 29 ** 38 47 46 52 43 40 32 29 35 49 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 53 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 15* 47 55 39 41 31 45 53 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38 47 ** 30 ** 35 45 46 52 49 46 42 31 36 51 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 43* ** 21 32 37 44 42 39 50 ** 32 ** 40 50 46 54 44 42 33 30 32 48 Born 1927-1942 24 ** ** 28 ** 26 32 36 48 42 40 44 ** 34 ** 39 50 46 49 39 37 29 26 32 38 Born 1911-1926 26 ** ** 28 ** 27 33 36 47 45 39 46 ** 34 ** 46 50 46 47 35 29 31 24 20 ** Born 1895-1910 23 ** ** 31 ** 23 32 36 43 39 45 42 ** 31 ** 48 33 39 55* 32* 53* 41* 0* ** ** Born before 1895 22 ** ** 30 ** 26 22 25 43 29 23* 11* ** 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 27 ** ** 26 ** 24 33 42 45 45 39 44 ** 36 ** 44 51 46 50 43 38 35 32 40 52 Independents 23 ** ** 33 ** 34 41 38 56 43 43 46 ** 32 ** 47 49 51 58 52 47 44 47 38 50 Republicans (incl leaners) 19 ** ** 34 ** 25 26 28 39 36 40 52 ** 28 ** 34 45 43 51 44 43 35 25 28 50 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 41 42 45 41 43 ** 32 ** 43 45 44 48 41 35 30 28 43 51 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 32 43 40 41 49 ** 35 ** 41 48 47 54 48 42 29 30 35 54 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33 45 41 37 48 ** 29 ** 38 49 46 51 43 40 34 27 30 50 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5A.4.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Are Government Officials Crooked 1958-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Not Many' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 43 ** ** 48 ** 49 48 48 44 43 45 45 ** 50 ** 46 40 45 42 47 45 50 56 54 44 Females 44 ** ** 50 ** 54 51 43 40 38 39 38 ** 49 ** 44 40 43 36 47 46 48 55 53 40 Whites 43 ** ** 48 ** 51 51 48 43 42 42 42 ** 51 ** 47 42 44 39 46 45 50 57 56 44 Blacks 54 ** ** 56 ** 63 41 24 32 27 38 37 ** 40 ** 33 32 40 34 42 49 46 51 49 33 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 39 ** ** 45 ** 48 40 39 31 29 36 32 ** 34 ** 28 33 37 43 56 47 22 38* 60* 46* High School Diploma 45 ** ** 50 ** 51 51 45 40 39 38 38 ** 46 ** 42 37 42 36 43 43 45 52 50 37 Some College, no Degree 48 ** ** 49 ** 54 54 50 46 46 43 44 ** 57 ** 50 40 46 40 45 45 53 57 58 40 College Degree/ Post-grad 51 ** ** 52 ** 59 60 53 57 52 55 54 ** 56 ** 54 50 48 43 55 51 56 62 54 49 Income 0-16 Percentile 42 ** ** 41 ** 50 39 39 38 34 33 35 ** 42 ** 32 33 38 36 49 42 39 ** 54 35 Income 17-33 Percentile 43 ** ** 53 ** 54 48 41 32 34 40 38 ** 47 ** 42 35 41 35 48 46 46 ** 48 38 Income 34-67 Percentile 45 ** ** 52 ** 54 53 47 46 42 43 42 ** 52 ** 46 37 44 42 44 48 50 ** 52 42 Income 68-95 Percentile 45 ** ** 50 ** 50 50 49 47 51 48 47 ** 54 ** 53 48 47 41 49 45 51 ** 60 47 Income 96-100 Percentile 50 ** ** 49 ** 48 63 57 39 39 49 43 ** 56 ** 58* 57 48 49 46 40 52 ** 55 52 Professionals 44 ** ** 48 ** 53 56 50 46 45 47 50 ** 55 ** 51 49 51 45 52 50 55 ** 49 ** White Collar 48 ** ** 49 ** 56 54 46 46 44 42 41 ** 47 ** 46 43 42 34 44 47 48 ** 61 ** Blue Collar 43 ** ** 48 ** 47 44 41 39 36 39 39 ** 47 ** 40 34 39 38 45 42 44 ** 52 ** Unskilled 48 ** ** 56* ** 55* 58* 37* 30* 37 36 37* ** 44* ** 36* 26 31* 48 52* 79* 47* ** 55* ** Farmers 35 ** ** 47 ** 56 44 44 40 31 47* 26* ** 45 ** 38 28 49 34* 44* 43* 68* ** 36* ** Housewives 44 ** ** 50 ** 54 49 47 41 40 39 34 ** 51 ** 47 41 41 33 39 37 44 ** 57 ** Union Households 40 ** ** 49 ** 47 47 48 37 41 44 41 ** 51 ** 47 44 44 38 46 44 52 58 59 31 Non-Union Households 45 ** ** 49 ** 54 51 45 43 40 41 41 ** 49 ** 44 39 44 39 47 46 48 55 52 43 South 39 ** ** 53 ** 54 46 41 36 34 39 38 ** 42 ** 39 34 45 39 46 44 44 53 52 38 Nonsouth 45 ** ** 48 ** 52 51 47 44 42 43 42 ** 53 ** 47 43 43 39 48 47 51 57 54 44 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 41 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62* 42 43 43 48 62 47 40 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 36 ** 52 ** 48 41 44 39 45 41 44 56 54 43 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 33* ** 59 51 47 46 44 44 41 ** 54 ** 48 42 45 35 45 44 53 54 55 41 Born 1927-1942 51 ** ** 51 ** 53 50 50 41 40 45 45 ** 47 ** 44 36 41 44 50 52 51 57 52 46 Born 1911-1926 42 ** ** 52 ** 51 46 44 39 38 41 41 ** 46 ** 38 37 43 39 53 53 48 45 70 ** Born 1895-1910 45 ** ** 45 ** 50 50 43 39 34 28 37 ** 39 ** 31 47 44 28* 61* 32* 33* 0* ** ** Born before 1895 35 ** ** 43 ** 47 53 37 32 34 23* 44* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 43 ** ** 50 ** 52 48 42 44 39 42 44 ** 48 ** 42 38 44 40 48 48 47 55 50 40 Independents 44 ** ** 49 ** 50 39 46 32 38 33 36 ** 45 ** 41 34 37 29 35 42 41 42 45 42 Republicans (incl leaners) 46 ** ** 48 ** 54 56 50 43 44 46 39 ** 53 ** 49 44 46 40 47 44 53 58 60 44 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 44 49 43 42 46 ** 53 ** 45 46 46 43 51 51 57 61 47 42 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 51 45 44 44 43 ** 49 ** 45 43 43 39 44 46 53 53 52 40 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 48 40 43 46 44 ** 53 ** 48 40 45 39 47 47 54 60 60 43 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5A.4.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Are Government Officials Crooked 1958-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Hardly Any' Percent of group: '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 29 ** ** 22 ** 21 18 15 11 15 15 9 ** 18 ** 14 11 10 9 11 16 14 14 11 6 Females 24 ** ** 16 ** 17 15 13 9 12 11 8 ** 12 ** 9 8 8 8 7 9 13 14 8 6 Whites 27 ** ** 18 ** 20 17 15 10 14 13 8 ** 15 ** 11 8 9 8 9 11 14 14 10 5 Blacks 19 ** ** 20 ** 14 8 9 9 7 8 11 ** 10 ** 9 8 9 11 10 12 9 11 8 4 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 25 ** ** 16 ** 16 16 14 10 12 11 11 ** 18 ** 12 9 13 4 7 19 22 22* 0* 7* High School Diploma 25 ** ** 19 ** 19 16 14 8 11 12 9 ** 14 ** 10 11 8 10 9 12 14 16 9 6 Some College, no Degree 28 ** ** 16 ** 18 16 15 12 13 13 5 ** 12 ** 10 6 6 6 7 9 8 11 8 5 College Degree/ Post-grad 34 ** ** 22 ** 23 16 15 13 17 15 8 ** 16 ** 14 9 11 8 11 14 16 13 14 6 Income 0-16 Percentile 24 ** ** 18 ** 20 14 14 10 12 12 13 ** 16 ** 12 11 11 13 9 15 15 ** 8 6 Income 17-33 Percentile 24 ** ** 13 ** 14 15 16 6 14 12 10 ** 13 ** 11 11 8 9 6 14 12 ** 10 8 Income 34-67 Percentile 27 ** ** 20 ** 19 13 13 9 12 13 8 ** 13 ** 10 10 7 8 7 10 13 ** 9 6 Income 68-95 Percentile 28 ** ** 20 ** 21 21 16 9 12 14 8 ** 15 ** 12 9 9 7 10 11 13 ** 12 3 Income 96-100 Percentile 33 ** ** 21 ** 30 19 14 28 18 18 4 ** 21 ** 13* 10 13 7 19 18 16 ** 13 3 Professionals 34 ** ** 21 ** 22 17 19 13 16 16 9 ** 16 ** 12 7 9 8 12 12 12 ** 13 ** White Collar 28 ** ** 23 ** 19 16 11 12 11 13 6 ** 14 ** 13 13 9 8 7 12 14 ** 7 ** Blue Collar 26 ** ** 17 ** 18 16 14 8 11 11 8 ** 14 ** 9 9 8 8 9 13 14 ** 8 ** Unskilled 19 ** ** 22* ** 15* 8* 14* 19* 13 10 17* ** 10* ** 10* 16 9* 3 0* 2* 9* ** 0* ** Farmers 25 ** ** 24 ** 18 11 7 10 13 5* 13* ** 25 ** 9 10 11 11* 7* 26* 13* ** 9* ** Housewives 23 ** ** 15 ** 18 15 13 7 14 12 10 ** 13 ** 11 6 9 11 8 9 14 ** 11 ** Union Households 27 ** ** 20 ** 23 19 11 12 11 11 8 ** 11 ** 9 8 6 7 6 11 11 13 8 4 Non-Union Households 26 ** ** 18 ** 18 15 15 9 13 13 9 ** 15 ** 12 10 9 9 9 13 14 15 10 6 South 23 ** ** 14 ** 14 11 14 8 10 13 9 ** 12 ** 11 10 9 8 8 12 9 15 10 6 Nonsouth 27 ** ** 20 ** 21 18 14 10 14 13 8 ** 16 ** 11 9 9 9 9 12 16 14 10 6 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 5 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 23* 9 2 16 10 7 7 6 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 12 11 ** 14 ** 13 11 8 8 6 12 12 12 7 5 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 24* ** 19 15 14 9 11 13 7 ** 12 ** 9 7 7 9 11 12 13 16 11 9 Born 1927-1942 22 ** ** 17 ** 18 16 12 8 14 10 8 ** 16 ** 12 10 11 5 10 9 18 17 15 11 Born 1911-1926 27 ** ** 18 ** 19 19 16 10 13 14 9 ** 15 ** 13 9 9 11 12 17 18 30 9 ** Born 1895-1910 24 ** ** 20 ** 21 14 14 12 14 15 11 ** 19 ** 10 16 12 8* 4* 15* 0* 43* ** ** Born before 1895 33 ** ** 17 ** 18 19 21 18 18 27* 22* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 25 ** ** 21 ** 20 16 12 8 12 13 9 ** 13 ** 10 9 9 9 9 13 16 13 9 6 Independents 29 ** ** 11 ** 14 18 10 7 11 13 10 ** 14 ** 6 10 8 8 12 8 12 11 11 6 Republicans (incl leaners) 30 ** ** 15 ** 18 16 18 13 15 11 7 ** 16 ** 14 10 9 8 8 13 11 17 11 5 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 13 8 11 15 10 ** 13 ** 10 9 9 10 8 13 12 9 9 6 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 14 9 14 12 6 ** 14 ** 11 9 9 7 8 11 17 17 13 6 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 17 12 14 13 7 ** 16 ** 12 9 8 9 9 12 11 13 9 6 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5A.4.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 Table 5A.5 Trust in Government Index 1958-2008 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Average Score on Index 49 ** ** 52 61 45 39 38 29 30 29 27 31 38 47 34 29 29 26 32 34 36 43 37 26 Source: The National Election Studies The Trust in Government Index is constructed as follows: Variable 604 (Table 5A.1) is recoded: None of the Time=0, Some of the Time=33, Most of the Time=67, Just About Always=100. Variable V605 (Table 5A.2) is recoded: Few Big Interests=0, Benefit of All=100. Variable 606 (Table 5A.3) is recoded: A Lot=0, Some=50, Not Much=100. Variable 608 (Table 5A.4) is recoded: Quite a Lot=0, Not Many=50, Hardly Any=100. These new scores are then totaled (Don't Know is not scored) and the sum is divided by the number of valid responses. The result is then rounded to the nearest integer. "People have (1958,1964: I'd like to talk about some of the) different ideas about the government in Washington. These ideas don't refer to democrats or republicans in particular, but just to government in general. We want to see how you feel about these ideas.. V604: "How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right-- just about always, most of the time or only some of the time?" V605: "Would you say the government is pretty much run by a few big interests looking out for themselves or that it is run for the benefit of all the people?" V606: "Do you think that people in the government waste a lot of money we pay in taxes, waste some of it, or don't waste very much of it?" V608: "Do you think that quite a few of the people running the government are (1958-1972: a little) crooked, not very many are, or do you think hardly any of them are crooked (1958-1972: at all)?" This represents variables VCF0656 in the NES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009a was used to produce this table. Table generated: 13AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Trust in Government Index 1958-2008 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: AVERAGE SCORE ON INDEX '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 51 ** ** 52 60 43 39 38 30 31 30 27 32 37 46 35 29 28 26 32 36 36 43 37 25 Females 49 ** ** 51 62 47 40 38 29 30 29 27 31 38 47 33 30 29 26 32 33 37 44 38 27 Whites 49 ** ** 51 60 44 40 39 30 31 29 26 31 38 48 34 28 27 25 31 33 37 44 38 25 Blacks 50 ** ** 57 69 54 33 28 24 27 32 34 33 35 40 30 28 30 31 36 35 35 40 32 26 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 49 ** ** 50 59 41 33 35 26 29 32 27 32 40 44 31 31 34 31 34 38 32 44* 35* 30 High School Diploma 49 ** ** 53 61 46 41 37 28 29 28 26 32 37 47 33 30 29 27 31 34 36 44 37 25 Some College, no Degree 50 ** ** 50 62 45 42 40 33 31 29 25 28 37 45 34 27 27 24 30 33 35 42 37 24 College Degree/ Post-grad 52 ** ** 52 64 50 41 41 34 35 32 29 34 39 49 37 29 28 26 34 36 40 44 38 29 Income 0-16 Percentile 49 ** ** 50 58 46 35 37 30 33 30 31 32 38 44 32 32 33 31 38 37 36 ** 37 27 Income 17-33 Percentile 49 ** ** 51 58 43 36 35 22 30 30 26 32 37 47 32 29 29 26 30 36 34 ** 35 25 Income 34-67 Percentile 51 ** ** 53 62 45 38 37 31 30 28 26 30 37 47 33 29 27 26 29 33 35 ** 39 25 Income 68-95 Percentile 50 ** ** 52 63 47 43 40 30 31 30 26 32 38 49 37 30 28 25 32 33 38 ** 39 25 Income 96-100 Percentile 50* ** ** 54 63 45 43 45 38 33 32 26 33 42 49 42* 30 28 28 35 34 38 ** 35 31 Professionals 51 ** ** 51 ** 45 41 41 33 32 30 28 32 38 47 35 29 28 27 33 35 38 ** 35 ** White Collar 51 ** ** 52 ** 46 42 38 30 31 29 24 31 36 49 34 31 28 24 30 34 36 ** 38 ** Blue Collar 49 ** ** 52 ** 42 38 34 27 27 29 26 31 37 45 32 27 27 26 31 33 34 ** 37 ** Unskilled 48* ** ** 60* ** 50* 31* 33* 26* 33 28 31* 30* 33 41 30 33 26 29* 31* 33* 37* ** 29* ** Farmers 48 ** ** 52 ** 41 29 34 30 33 32* 18* 31* 39 40 31 28 37 27* 31* 43* 43* ** 34* ** Housewives 49 ** ** 51 ** 48 40 39 29 32 28 26 31 41 48 36 29 31 26 30 31 37 ** 44 ** Union Households 48 ** ** 54 61 45 40 35 29 28 29 26 32 34 47 33 28 25 26 30 34 36 45 36 21 Non-Union Households 50 ** ** 51 61 45 39 39 30 31 30 27 31 39 47 34 29 29 26 32 34 36 43 37 27 South 48 ** ** 50 55 43 36 37 28 30 31 27 32 37 47 33 29 31 29 33 36 33 43 38 26 Nonsouth 50 ** ** 52 63 46 41 38 30 31 29 26 31 38 47 34 29 27 25 31 34 38 44 37 26 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 29 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 42* 30 32* 42 39 43 36 26 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 35 34 39 40 46 38 33 30 27 31 34 35 43 37 23 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** 51* 68 49 43 39 32 30 30 25 30 38 45 32 28 28 25 32 32 36 43 38 24 Born 1927-1942 51 ** ** 54 65 48 41 37 28 30 28 27 30 36 48 36 27 29 25 32 33 37 44 36 30 Born 1911-1926 50 ** ** 51 61 43 39 37 27 30 29 26 31 35 48 33 25 25 30 33 35 36 46 40 ** Born 1895-1910 47 ** ** 49 58 42 35 37 28 32 28 28 32 39 45 27 34 32 26* 33* 32* 34* 53* ** ** Born before 1895 49 ** ** 50 50 45 37 41 31 35* 39* 30* 39* 8* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 48 ** ** 55 66 48 38 34 29 28 31 29 30 34 44 31 28 28 28 34 37 38 41 32 26 Independents & Apolitical 49 ** ** 44 55 36 37 36 24 29 27 26 28 39 44 29 29 26 23 29 30 32 35 34 28 Republicans (incl leaners) 52 ** ** 46 55 43 42 43 32 35 28 24 34 41 51 38 31 30 25 30 33 35 48 44 25 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33 29 28 30 30 31 35 43 32 28 28 27 35 35 41 42 31 25 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 39 31 30 27 25 32 37 49 33 29 29 26 31 35 43 43 37 25 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 41 30 32 28 24 30 39 49 35 28 28 25 30 34 35 46 41 26 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5A.5.1 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Politics is Too Complicated 1952-2008 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Agree 71 ** 64 ** 59 ** 67 69 71 73 74 72 71 72 70 ** 71 ** 70 66 66 65 63 73 60 ** ** 68 Disagree 28 ** 36 ** 41 ** 32 27 29 26 26 26 27 26 28 ** 29 ** 21 24 27 25 28 20 32 ** ** 20 Neither - ** - ** - ** - - - - - - - - - ** - ** 8 10 7 9 10 7 7 ** ** 11 Don't Know, Depends 1 ** 0 ** 0 ** 1 4 0 1 0 1 2 2 2 ** 0 ** 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ** ** 0 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1779 1742 1900 1558 1289 1341 1502 2694 2500 2392 2288 1404 2239 1765 1963 2246 1768 1501 1278 1540 1044 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5B.1 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "'Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a person like me can't really understand what's going on.'" NOTE: The option 'Neither Agree Nor Disagree' was introduced in 1988 and has affected distributions. This question is variable VCF0614 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Politics is Too Complicated 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Agree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 63 ** 56 ** 52 ** 61 61 63 67 67 66 64 66 61 ** 64 ** 61 57 60 59 56 67 54 ** ** 63 Females 77 ** 69 ** 64 ** 72 76 77 78 79 77 77 77 77 ** 76 ** 77 73 71 71 68 78 65 ** ** 72 Whites 70 ** 62 ** 58 ** 66 69 70 73 73 72 71 71 69 ** 70 ** 70 66 65 67 62 73 60 ** ** 67 Blacks 79 ** 79 ** 65 ** 72 75 81 79 81 77 74 78 78 ** 74 ** 73 69 68 60 67 76 66 ** ** 73 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 81 ** 81 ** 72 ** 85 84 88 90 88 90 85 85 83 ** 88 ** 85 83 83 92 78 82 83 ** ** 85* High School Diploma 68 ** 63 ** 59 ** 69 73 74 74 78 78 78 81 78 ** 79 ** 77 74 75 76 73 81 73 ** ** 79 Some College, no Degree 55 ** 37 ** 43 ** 47 47 57 62 62 59 67 61 62 ** 64 ** 66 60 60 55 60 70 56 ** ** 63 College Degree/ Post-grad 39 ** 34 ** 37 ** 37 39 46 47 49 45 43 47 48 ** 47 ** 52 44 46 46 42 56 39 ** ** 55 Income 0-16 Percentile 86 ** 85 ** 76 ** 81 79 82 88 84 81 85 82 79 ** 81 ** 76 72 72 69 63 75 71 ** ** 72 Income 17-33 Percentile 77 ** 70 ** 65 ** 74 74 78 79 77 78 76 80 81 ** 79 ** 79 72 75 76 64 82 65 ** ** 77 Income 34-67 Percentile 74 ** 63 ** 59 ** 69 70 72 76 77 74 72 74 69 ** 71 ** 70 69 66 70 68 75 60 ** ** 70 Income 68-95 Percentile 61 ** 50 ** 51 ** 56 64 62 63 64 63 66 66 62 ** 62 ** 63 58 59 56 56 68 54 ** ** 58 Income 96-100 Percentile 38 ** 44 ** 36 ** 50 44 47 61 47 42 50 57 49 ** 45 ** 44* 48 44 42 40 48 44 ** ** 40 Professionals 50 ** 42 ** 41 ** 48 ** 51 54 54 56 52 60 54 ** 55 ** 58 54 52 52 49 62 51 ** ** ** White Collar 65 ** 57 ** 42 ** 58 ** 67 67 71 73 72 73 74 ** 69 ** 73 64 65 62 68 79 64 ** ** ** Blue Collar 69 ** 63 ** 60 ** 74 ** 80 80 80 79 79 78 75 ** 78 ** 75 69 73 75 70 80 65 ** ** ** Unskilled 79 ** 83 ** 70* ** 86* ** 75* 96* 82* 89* 82 76 70* ** 76* ** 69* 68 67* 78 66* 90* 69* ** ** ** Farmers 79 ** 78 ** 69 ** 78 ** 73 90 87 68 69 82* 93* ** 81 ** 75 73 68 65* 57* 100* 65* ** ** ** Housewives 78 ** 70 ** 70 ** 73 ** 79 81 81 77 78 77 79 ** 81 ** 82 83 74 78 70 81 67 ** ** ** Union Households 70 ** 63 ** 59 ** 71 73 80 75 77 76 75 75 67 ** 67 ** 70 68 67 67 68 73 64 ** ** 68 Non-Union Households 71 ** 64 ** 58 ** 66 68 68 73 72 71 70 71 71 ** 72 ** 70 65 65 65 62 72 60 ** ** 68 South 78 ** 73 ** 63 ** 74 76 72 79 77 74 75 72 72 ** 76 ** 72 71 66 64 64 72 61 ** ** 66 Nonsouth 69 ** 61 ** 57 ** 65 67 71 71 72 72 70 72 69 ** 68 ** 69 64 65 66 62 73 60 ** ** 70 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69* 49 61 62 63 ** ** 62 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 64 72 ** 67 ** 70 62 62 60 59 70 55 ** ** 72 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 83* 58 64 73 72 68 71 68 66 ** 66 ** 67 58 60 63 61 69 58 ** ** 81 Born 1927-1942 75 ** 63 ** 63 ** 62 66 69 66 70 70 70 71 64 ** 73 ** 65 73 68 72 66 86 65 ** ** 74* Born 1911-1926 70 ** 64 ** 57 ** 67 68 71 75 73 75 70 77 77 ** 75 ** 77 78 78 80 71 83 74 ** ** ** Born 1895-1910 67 ** 61 ** 54 ** 70 74 77 78 81 81 76 81 82 ** 83 ** 87 85 80 79* 73* 92* 85* ** ** ** Born before 1895 76 ** 67 ** 65 ** 77 80 76 86 80 74 79 69* 89* ** 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 74 ** 64 ** 63 ** 69 72 74 75 75 74 72 74 75 ** 73 ** 73 67 67 67 66 72 60 ** ** 71 Independents 70 ** 63 ** 68 ** 77 72 78 78 79 75 76 75 70 ** 74 ** 73 71 71 74 69 79 77 ** ** 66 Republicans (incl leaners) 64 ** 60 ** 50 ** 60 63 63 69 69 68 68 68 62 ** 67 ** 66 62 62 61 57 71 55 ** ** 66 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 61 62 62 61 61 ** 55 ** 66 49 56 52 54 58 50 ** ** 56 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 71 73 74 75 70 ** 73 ** 73 70 66 69 63 77 52 ** ** 73 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 67 66 61 65 63 ** 64 ** 63 59 59 60 58 72 55 ** ** 62 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5B.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Politics is Too Complicated 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Disagree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 37 ** 43 ** 48 ** 38 35 37 33 33 33 35 33 37 ** 36 ** 29 31 33 30 33 25 40 ** ** 23 Females 22 ** 30 ** 35 ** 27 20 22 21 21 21 21 22 21 ** 24 ** 15 18 22 21 23 15 27 ** ** 18 Whites 30 ** 38 ** 42 ** 32 28 30 27 27 27 28 27 30 ** 30 ** 22 25 28 25 29 20 34 ** ** 22 Blacks 17 ** 19 ** 35 ** 26 16 18 21 19 20 22 20 18 ** 26 ** 18 24 24 30 24 16 24 ** ** 16 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 17 ** 18 ** 28 ** 13 10 12 9 11 8 12 11 10 ** 9 ** 7 9 12 6 11 17 10 ** ** 7* High School Diploma 32 ** 37 ** 41 ** 29 24 25 25 22 20 21 18 20 ** 21 ** 15 16 16 14 16 10 19 ** ** 10 Some College, no Degree 45 ** 63 ** 57 ** 53 48 43 37 38 40 32 38 36 ** 36 ** 26 28 33 33 31 24 35 ** ** 24 College Degree/ Post-grad 61 ** 66 ** 61 ** 62 56 54 53 51 54 55 52 52 ** 53 ** 38 46 48 47 50 36 56 ** ** 33 Income 0-16 Percentile 12 ** 13 ** 22 ** 16 14 18 10 15 12 12 16 17 ** 18 ** 14 17 18 21 23 17 16 ** ** 16 Income 17-33 Percentile 22 ** 29 ** 35 ** 25 20 20 21 22 22 22 19 16 ** 21 ** 16 17 18 17 22 14 24 ** ** 17 Income 34-67 Percentile 26 ** 37 ** 41 ** 31 26 28 23 23 25 27 26 30 ** 29 ** 21 21 27 21 22 17 34 ** ** 18 Income 68-95 Percentile 39 ** 50 ** 48 ** 44 34 38 36 36 36 33 33 37 ** 38 ** 28 32 34 36 37 24 42 ** ** 26 Income 96-100 Percentile 62 ** 56 ** 64 ** 46 49 53 39 53 57 48 42 48 ** 54 ** 47* 41 50 48 53 42 53 ** ** 42 Professionals 50 ** 58 ** 59 ** 50 ** 48 46 46 43 46 39 45 ** 45 ** 34 38 42 41 42 32 43 ** ** ** White Collar 35 ** 43 ** 57 ** 41 ** 32 32 29 26 27 25 23 ** 31 ** 20 23 27 28 25 14 30 ** ** ** Blue Collar 30 ** 36 ** 40 ** 25 ** 19 20 19 19 21 20 22 ** 22 ** 15 21 19 14 18 11 28 ** ** ** Unskilled 18 ** 17 ** 30* ** 14* ** 25* 4* 18* 11* 16 20 25* ** 22* ** 17* 19 20* 6 16* 10* 21* ** ** ** Farmers 21 ** 21 ** 31 ** 19 ** 27 10 13 30 20 18* 7* ** 15 ** 15 13 21 23* 30* 0* 21* ** ** ** Housewives 21 ** 30 ** 29 ** 26 ** 21 18 18 21 19 21 18 ** 19 ** 11 12 19 14 20 14 21 ** ** ** Union Households 30 ** 37 ** 41 ** 27 24 20 24 23 23 24 24 31 ** 33 ** 22 21 24 21 25 20 32 ** ** 23 Non-Union Households 28 ** 36 ** 41 ** 33 28 32 27 27 28 28 27 27 ** 28 ** 21 25 27 26 28 20 32 ** ** 20 South 20 ** 27 ** 37 ** 26 18 28 20 22 23 22 26 25 ** 23 ** 18 20 26 28 25 20 32 ** ** 21 Nonsouth 31 ** 39 ** 43 ** 34 29 29 28 27 27 28 27 29 ** 31 ** 23 26 28 24 29 19 33 ** ** 20 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 19 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 15* 30 24 25 24 ** ** 26 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 34 25 ** 32 ** 19 27 27 27 30 20 37 ** ** 20 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 17* 35 35 26 28 31 27 31 33 ** 33 ** 24 32 33 29 32 26 37 ** ** 13 Born 1927-1942 26 ** 36 ** 37 ** 37 32 30 33 30 29 28 28 35 ** 27 ** 25 18 26 23 24 9 30 ** ** 23* Born 1911-1926 29 ** 36 ** 43 ** 32 29 29 25 27 24 29 20 21 ** 24 ** 17 14 16 12 17 12 19 ** ** ** Born 1895-1910 32 ** 39 ** 46 ** 28 18 23 21 19 16 21 16 13 ** 17 ** 11 5 15 15* 9* 8* 15* ** ** ** Born before 1895 23 ** 32 ** 33 ** 21 17 24 12 16 20 19 27* 11* ** 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 26 ** 35 ** 37 ** 29 24 25 25 24 25 26 25 24 ** 27 ** 19 24 26 24 26 19 31 ** ** 18 Independents 29 ** 36 ** 32 ** 23 22 21 21 20 23 21 23 26 ** 25 ** 14 15 22 13 17 13 17 ** ** 19 Republicans (incl leaners) 35 ** 40 ** 50 ** 39 33 37 31 31 31 31 31 36 ** 33 ** 26 28 30 30 33 22 40 ** ** 24 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 39 38 38 38 39 ** 45 ** 27 43 37 40 41 31 43 ** ** 30 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 29 26 25 24 29 ** 27 ** 17 19 26 20 23 18 42 ** ** 15 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33 34 38 35 36 ** 36 ** 30 33 34 32 34 22 39 ** ** 28 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5B.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Politics is Too Complicated 1988-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Neither (1988-later only)' Percent of group: '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 10 11 7 10 11 8 6 ** ** 14 Females 7 8 7 8 9 6 8 ** ** 10 Whites 8 9 7 8 9 6 7 ** ** 11 Blacks 8 6 7 10 9 8 8 ** ** 10 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 6 5 4 2 9 2 4 ** ** 6* High School Diploma 8 10 9 10 11 8 8 ** ** 10 Some College, no Degree 8 12 7 11 9 6 8 ** ** 13 College Degree/ Post-grad 9 10 6 7 8 8 4 ** ** 12 Income 0-16 Percentile 9 9 9 10 14 6 11 ** ** 11 Income 17-33 Percentile 4 11 7 7 13 4 11 ** ** 5 Income 34-67 Percentile 9 10 8 9 10 9 6 ** ** 11 Income 68-95 Percentile 8 10 7 9 6 8 4 ** ** 16 Income 96-100 Percentile 9* 11 7 10 7 10 3 ** ** 18 Professionals 8 8 6 7 9 6 6 ** ** ** White Collar 7 13 8 10 7 7 6 ** ** ** Blue Collar 9 10 7 10 12 9 7 ** ** ** Unskilled 12* 11 14* 15 18* 0* 10* ** ** ** Farmers 9 13 10 12* 13* 0* 14* ** ** ** Housewives 7 4 6 8 9 4 12 ** ** ** Union Households 8 11 8 12 7 7 4 ** ** 9 Non-Union Households 8 9 7 9 10 7 8 ** ** 12 South 10 8 8 8 10 7 7 ** ** 13 Nonsouth 8 10 7 10 9 7 7 ** ** 10 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 19 Born 1975-1990 ** ** 15* 22 16 12 13 ** ** 12 Born 1959-1974 10 11 11 12 10 9 8 ** ** 8 Born 1943-1958 9 10 6 8 7 6 5 ** ** 6 Born 1927-1942 10 8 6 4 9 5 5 ** ** 0* Born 1911-1926 5 7 5 7 12 5 6 ** ** ** Born 1895-1910 2 9 3 7* 18* 0* 0* ** ** ** Born before 1895 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 8 9 7 9 9 8 9 ** ** 11 Independents 12 12 7 11 15 8 6 ** ** 15 Republicans (incl leaners) 8 10 7 8 10 7 5 ** ** 10 Liberals 7 8 7 7 5 10 7 ** ** 13 Moderates 10 12 7 12 15 5 6 ** ** 12 Conservatives 6 8 7 8 8 6 5 ** ** 10 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5B.1.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ People Don't Have a Say in What the Government Does 1952-2008 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Agree 31 ** 28 ** 27 ** 29 34 41 36 40 40 41 45 39 45 32 ** 41 54 36 56 53 42 41 29 43 49 Disagree 68 ** 71 ** 72 ** 70 60 58 64 59 57 56 53 59 52 68 ** 50 34 57 34 38 46 50 57 45 40 Neither - ** - ** - ** - - - - - - - - - - - ** 9 11 6 10 9 12 9 14 12 10 Don't Know, Depends 1 ** 1 ** 1 ** 1 6 0 1 1 3 3 2 2 3 0 ** 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1769 1752 1922 1564 1290 1337 1504 2693 2519 2394 2291 1403 1402 2234 1765 1963 2247 1767 1712 1276 1541 1317 1061 1044 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5B.2 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "'People like me don't have any say about what the government does.'" NOTE: The option 'Neither Agree Nor Disagree' was introduced in 1988 and has affected distributions. This question is variable VCF0613 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ People Don't Have a Say in What the Government Does 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Agree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 27 ** 24 ** 26 ** 28 32 39 33 38 39 42 42 37 45 30 ** 40 54 35 55 53 41 38 30 40 53 Females 34 ** 32 ** 28 ** 31 36 43 37 42 41 40 47 41 46 33 ** 43 54 38 58 53 43 42 28 45 47 Whites 29 ** 26 ** 26 ** 29 33 40 34 39 40 41 44 39 45 30 ** 39 53 36 54 52 41 39 27 42 48 Blacks 54 ** 53 ** 38 ** 31 44 48 48 47 43 41 55 45 50 40 ** 56 63 42 61 57 50 48 42 45 56 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 43 ** 47 ** 41 ** 47 47 61 54 58 60 57 61 55 59 53 ** 56 76 56 83 69 58 72 60* 69* 77* High School Diploma 26 ** 24 ** 25 ** 27 35 41 35 43 42 44 48 46 51 37 ** 49 59 43 64 62 50 50 37 50 60 Some College, no Degree 17 ** 8 ** 11 ** 16 18 28 20 27 29 36 40 27 43 22 ** 34 43 30 50 45 41 36 24 42 45 College Degree/ Post-grad 8 ** 6 ** 14 ** 14 15 21 14 18 22 20 28 24 28 16 ** 25 41 23 40 40 24 23 16 29 36 Income 0-16 Percentile 47 ** 49 ** 42 ** 44 45 59 55 52 51 48 58 49 58 46 ** 52 66 46 67 55 47 53 ** 53 59 Income 17-33 Percentile 39 ** 34 ** 35 ** 35 40 48 46 49 44 51 49 45 51 38 ** 50 58 41 61 58 52 43 ** 45 52 Income 34-67 Percentile 27 ** 26 ** 25 ** 22 32 38 35 42 39 40 46 38 47 30 ** 42 52 35 54 56 45 41 ** 44 48 Income 68-95 Percentile 23 ** 14 ** 22 ** 24 29 29 25 28 32 37 34 30 36 21 ** 32 47 30 50 46 35 34 ** 31 43 Income 96-100 Percentile 17 ** 11 ** 5 ** 17 17 32 15 19 25 23 34 33 33 15 ** 27* 38 22 33 38 18 18 ** 36 41 Professionals 19 ** 12 ** 13 ** 20 ** 28 21 24 31 28 35 29 34 18 ** 31 41 28 44 44 33 28 ** 34 ** White Collar 22 ** 22 ** 19 ** 21 ** 38 28 34 36 37 44 37 44 31 ** 40 50 33 53 51 47 42 ** 45 ** Blue Collar 28 ** 29 ** 29 ** 31 ** 46 41 47 44 48 49 46 54 37 ** 50 62 44 66 60 50 52 ** 51 ** Unskilled 45 ** 49 ** 32* ** 46* ** 55* 42* 56* 65* 58 56 45* 54* 47 ** 50* 60 44* 67 80* 64* 49* ** 48* ** Farmers 40 ** 39 ** 47 ** 41 ** 51 49 49 53 46 52* 48* 45* 45 ** 53 56 45 58* 51* 57* 52* ** 41* ** Housewives 35 ** 31 ** 32 ** 32 ** 42 42 46 43 43 50 42 49 36 ** 43 57 39 61 57 43 44 ** 45 ** Union Households 29 ** 27 ** 30 ** 30 36 39 35 41 38 39 43 37 46 31 ** 40 54 37 57 57 40 40 32 42 53 Non-Union Households 32 ** 28 ** 26 ** 29 33 42 35 40 41 41 45 40 45 32 ** 42 54 36 56 52 42 41 28 43 49 South 39 ** 36 ** 33 ** 34 36 45 45 46 49 45 48 38 48 34 ** 46 59 38 59 53 43 45 30 42 50 Nonsouth 29 ** 26 ** 25 ** 28 33 40 32 38 37 40 44 40 44 31 ** 39 52 36 55 53 42 39 28 43 49 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* 54 42 42 40 25 43 47 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 37 45 31 ** 39 48 35 52 53 43 37 28 41 54 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 23* 23 31 37 40 35 42 45 39 46 26 ** 40 50 34 54 53 40 42 29 40 59 Born 1927-1942 28 ** 26 ** 22 ** 22 29 34 30 35 33 37 41 35 41 32 ** 41 59 37 60 52 45 43 33 51 33* Born 1911-1926 28 ** 25 ** 24 ** 31 32 41 33 39 43 40 45 42 49 33 ** 43 64 42 69 62 42 42 39 47 ** Born 1895-1910 28 ** 27 ** 30 ** 34 42 53 40 48 54 47 54 44 45 52 ** 54 73 47 70* 46* 40* 67* 57* ** ** Born before 1895 41 ** 39 ** 38 ** 39 48 55 51 49 49 42 46* 67* 50* 50* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 31 ** 31 ** 31 ** 28 34 43 36 43 40 42 44 40 48 34 ** 48 56 37 60 54 41 42 31 46 51 Independents 41 ** 21 ** 35 ** 38 38 49 44 49 42 47 51 44 52 42 ** 49 65 44 62 68 51 47 44 56 54 Republicans (incl leaners) 27 ** 22 ** 18 ** 29 34 35 31 32 39 36 43 35 39 26 ** 32 47 33 50 49 40 36 24 36 46 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 35 36 40 35 40 26 ** 44 44 30 47 45 36 28 25 45 43 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38 34 38 44 38 46 29 ** 40 53 38 58 54 41 33 30 42 46 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31 36 36 39 31 38 23 ** 32 48 32 51 48 40 37 23 35 45 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5B.2.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ People Don't Have a Say in What the Government Does 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Disagree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 72 ** 76 ** 73 ** 72 63 61 67 62 60 56 56 61 53 70 ** 53 34 58 36 39 48 53 59 46 38 Females 64 ** 67 ** 72 ** 68 58 57 61 57 55 56 51 58 51 67 ** 47 34 56 32 37 44 47 56 44 42 Whites 70 ** 74 ** 73 ** 70 62 59 65 60 58 57 54 60 53 70 ** 53 35 58 36 40 47 51 58 47 42 Blacks 42 ** 44 ** 60 ** 66 49 52 51 53 53 52 41 53 46 58 ** 35 30 49 30 33 43 40 53 39 32 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 54 ** 51 ** 57 ** 50 41 38 45 40 34 35 33 39 32 45 ** 30 12 34 9 23 30 15 33* 10* 14* High School Diploma 74 ** 75 ** 75 ** 72 60 58 64 56 57 53 50 53 46 62 ** 41 27 49 26 26 36 36 48 35 28 Some College, no Degree 83 ** 92 ** 89 ** 84 81 72 79 73 69 63 59 72 57 78 ** 57 46 64 39 47 48 55 62 49 44 College Degree/ Post-grad 92 ** 94 ** 86 ** 84 82 78 86 81 75 78 70 76 72 84 ** 69 50 74 53 54 66 72 72 62 58 Income 0-16 Percentile 49 ** 48 ** 57 ** 53 45 40 44 46 43 45 38 49 39 53 ** 33 22 45 22 35 40 30 ** 32 30 Income 17-33 Percentile 60 ** 65 ** 65 ** 64 52 51 53 50 53 46 47 53 47 62 ** 43 31 53 29 29 40 44 ** 42 32 Income 34-67 Percentile 72 ** 73 ** 75 ** 77 64 62 65 58 59 59 53 61 51 70 ** 49 36 58 36 35 41 52 ** 45 40 Income 68-95 Percentile 77 ** 86 ** 78 ** 76 66 71 74 71 67 62 65 69 64 79 ** 63 40 65 39 46 53 59 ** 61 53 Income 96-100 Percentile 83 ** 89 ** 95 ** 81 83 68 85 81 75 77 66 67 67 85 ** 71* 54 77 60 59 74 73 ** 57 57 Professionals 81 ** 88 ** 87 ** 79 ** 72 78 76 67 71 63 70 65 82 ** 63 49 68 46 50 56 65 ** 58 ** White Collar 78 ** 77 ** 81 ** 79 ** 62 72 65 63 62 54 62 55 69 ** 53 36 62 39 38 41 51 ** 47 ** Blue Collar 71 ** 70 ** 69 ** 68 ** 53 59 52 54 50 48 53 43 62 ** 40 26 48 25 28 37 37 ** 32 ** Unskilled 51 ** 51 ** 65* ** 51* ** 45* 58* 44* 35* 39 42 50* 38* 53 ** 38* 28 52* 9 18* 26* 46* ** 28* ** Farmers 59 ** 59 ** 53 ** 55 ** 49 49 51 45 45 45* 44* 50* 53 ** 38 25 43 35* 42* 37* 48* ** 35* ** Housewives 64 ** 68 ** 67 ** 66 ** 57 57 53 52 53 49 55 47 62 ** 44 30 53 32 34 45 42 ** 47 ** Union Households 70 ** 73 ** 69 ** 69 58 61 63 58 59 59 55 62 52 69 ** 49 34 59 32 35 47 48 56 49 38 Non-Union Households 67 ** 70 ** 74 ** 70 61 58 64 59 57 56 52 58 52 68 ** 50 34 57 34 38 46 50 58 44 40 South 58 ** 63 ** 67 ** 65 56 55 55 53 47 50 49 60 49 65 ** 45 31 54 31 38 46 47 60 45 40 Nonsouth 70 ** 74 ** 74 ** 71 61 60 67 61 61 58 54 59 53 69 ** 52 36 59 35 38 45 51 56 45 40 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 39 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 62* 27 48 47 40 57 44 44 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 55 60 53 69 ** 49 37 57 32 35 42 55 57 46 42 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 77* 70 69 63 60 63 56 53 60 52 73 ** 51 39 61 40 42 50 50 59 52 35 Born 1927-1942 71 ** 74 ** 77 ** 78 67 66 70 64 65 60 58 64 57 67 ** 53 31 57 35 39 45 50 56 37 49* Born 1911-1926 70 ** 74 ** 76 ** 68 62 59 66 60 55 57 52 56 49 67 ** 46 25 53 22 28 43 43 55 35 ** Born 1895-1910 71 ** 72 ** 69 ** 64 51 46 59 51 43 48 43 52 45 46 ** 36 20 43 23* 34* 45* 33* 43* ** ** Born before 1895 58 ** 59 ** 61 ** 58 44 42 47 49 42 55 50* 33* 50* 50* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 68 ** 69 ** 68 ** 71 62 57 63 56 57 55 54 58 49 66 ** 44 33 57 31 38 47 46 55 40 37 Independents 57 ** 77 ** 65 ** 61 53 51 55 50 54 49 45 52 42 56 ** 37 21 45 20 19 34 39 32 28 32 Republicans (incl leaners) 73 ** 77 ** 81 ** 70 60 65 68 68 59 62 56 64 60 74 ** 60 41 62 40 43 48 58 65 56 48 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 68 63 63 59 65 59 74 ** 52 49 65 44 46 50 61 59 44 47 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 61 65 61 55 62 53 71 ** 51 32 57 31 33 45 57 58 47 38 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 69 63 63 60 68 61 77 ** 60 42 63 41 46 51 56 65 58 49 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5B.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ People Don't Have a Say in What the Government Does 1988-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Neither (1988-later only)' Percent of group: '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 8 12 7 9 9 11 9 11 13 9 Females 9 11 5 10 9 13 10 16 10 11 Whites 8 11 5 9 8 12 9 14 11 9 Blacks 8 7 8 8 9 7 10 5 16 13 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 11 9 8 5 5 11 10 7* 21* 8* High School Diploma 9 13 8 10 12 14 12 15 15 12 Some College, no Degree 9 12 5 11 8 11 9 14 8 12 College Degree/ Post-grad 5 8 3 7 7 10 5 12 10 6 Income 0-16 Percentile 14 10 8 9 9 11 15 ** 15 11 Income 17-33 Percentile 6 11 7 10 13 8 13 ** 13 16 Income 34-67 Percentile 9 12 6 9 9 14 7 ** 11 12 Income 68-95 Percentile 5 13 5 11 8 12 7 ** 9 4 Income 96-100 Percentile 2* 8 1 7 4 8 9 ** 8 2 Professionals 6 10 4 9 7 10 7 ** 8 ** White Collar 8 13 5 8 10 13 7 ** 8 ** Blue Collar 10 11 7 9 11 12 11 ** 18 ** Unskilled 10* 12 4* 23 2* 10* 6* ** 21* ** Farmers 9 18 11 6* 7* 6* 0* ** 24* ** Housewives 12 12 6 8 9 12 14 ** 8 ** Union Households 10 12 4 11 8 14 11 12 9 9 Non-Union Households 8 11 6 9 9 12 9 14 13 10 South 9 10 7 9 9 10 8 10 13 10 Nonsouth 8 12 6 10 9 13 10 15 11 10 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 18 Born 1975-1990 ** ** 0* 19 10 12 19 18 13 9 Born 1959-1974 11 14 8 15 12 15 8 15 13 4 Born 1943-1958 9 11 5 6 6 10 7 12 8 6 Born 1927-1942 5 9 5 5 9 9 6 11 12 17* Born 1911-1926 9 11 4 8 10 15 15 6 19 ** Born 1895-1910 9 7 7 7* 20* 15* 0* 0* ** ** Born before 1895 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 8 11 6 9 9 12 11 14 14 12 Independents 13 11 9 15 13 15 13 22 15 13 Republicans (incl leaners) 8 12 5 9 9 11 6 12 8 6 Liberals 4 6 5 9 8 13 11 15 11 11 Moderates 9 15 5 10 13 14 10 13 11 16 Conservatives 8 10 5 8 7 9 6 11 7 6 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5B.2.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Public Officials Don't Care What People Think 1952-2008 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Agree 35 ** 26 ** 25 ** 36 34 43 47 49 50 51 51 52 47 42 52 51 63 52 66 61 62 56 31 50 60 Disagree 63 ** 71 ** 73 ** 62 57 55 50 49 46 44 45 43 50 57 43 37 23 37 22 24 25 33 46 34 23 Neither - ** - ** - ** - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 13 10 11 15 13 10 23 15 17 Don't Know, Depends 2 ** 2 ** 2 ** 2 9 2 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 1 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1765 1740 1892 1557 1289 1337 1502 2689 2505 2387 2281 1397 1402 2229 1082 1763 1963 2247 1768 1501 1278 1541 1316 1061 1044 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5B.3 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: 1952-1988,1992: "'I don't think public officials care much what people like me think.'" 1990,1994-later: "'Public officials don't care much what people like me think.'" NOTE: The option 'Neither Agree Nor Disagree' was introduced in 1988 and has affected distributions. This question is variable VCF0609 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Public Officials Don't Care What People Think 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Agree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 33 ** 27 ** 23 ** 37 32 42 49 48 53 51 50 53 48 42 53 52 62 53 66 66 60 57 36 48 63 Females 37 ** 26 ** 26 ** 36 36 44 46 50 48 52 51 52 46 43 52 50 65 52 66 57 63 56 28 52 58 Whites 33 ** 24 ** 23 ** 35 33 42 45 47 48 50 50 51 46 41 48 48 62 52 65 60 61 56 29 48 60 Blacks 55 ** 47 ** 35 ** 48 47 53 69 69 68 64 58 57 56 50 66 59 71 56 67 66 67 61 49 60 63 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 49 ** 47 ** 39 ** 56 53 68 73 70 74 72 72 70 64 63 64 68 77 66 80 76 82 75 68* 74* 75* High School Diploma 29 ** 20 ** 21 ** 34 34 42 45 51 53 54 54 56 51 47 60 57 68 59 74 68 67 63 36 58 65 Some College, no Degree 17 ** 12 ** 11 ** 23 15 28 32 33 33 45 44 44 46 33 49 46 64 48 59 56 62 55 29 48 58 College Degree/ Post-grad 11 ** 7 ** 15 ** 17 10 20 21 30 25 28 30 39 28 30 31 34 45 39 51 50 46 43 20 36 54 Income 0-16 Percentile 54 ** 46 ** 40 ** 60 49 63 69 65 60 68 62 65 61 56 63 65 69 62 72 58 60 60 ** 60 63 Income 17-33 Percentile 41 ** 34 ** 33 ** 38 50 53 61 57 62 63 58 57 52 51 56 57 66 57 70 69 67 61 ** 54 66 Income 34-67 Percentile 30 ** 24 ** 20 ** 33 29 39 50 48 46 50 50 50 48 39 51 52 64 50 65 64 67 62 ** 47 58 Income 68-95 Percentile 27 ** 17 ** 21 ** 25 27 29 33 39 42 42 44 44 38 33 44 38 59 47 62 59 57 50 ** 46 60 Income 96-100 Percentile 14 ** 5 ** 3 ** 17 21 27 20 25 27 30 32 43 32 25 33* 29* 46 40 43 44 45 33 ** 38 43 Professionals 19 ** 13 ** 16 ** 24 ** 29 29 34 36 40 40 42 35 32 39 41 53 44 58 55 52 49 ** 44 ** White Collar 26 ** 15 ** 15 ** 31 ** 34 36 42 40 46 47 50 46 41 48 46 64 48 62 58 66 55 ** 49 ** Blue Collar 36 ** 30 ** 27 ** 43 ** 53 56 58 60 62 58 60 54 49 66 60 70 61 75 69 71 70 ** 58 ** Unskilled 49 ** 44 ** 33* ** 40* ** 45* 63* 65* 81* 54 61 60* 54* 56* 50* 57* 63 61* 72 88* 84* 60* ** 61* ** Farmers 48 ** 43 ** 33 ** 61 ** 58 78 61 53 57 61* 52* 57* 55 63* 58 59 55 69* 70* 34* 49* ** 40* ** Housewives 37 ** 27 ** 29 ** 34 ** 42 52 53 52 50 54 52 52 41 51 52 67 54 66 59 64 51 ** 48 ** Union Households 32 ** 27 ** 24 ** 36 36 46 47 53 54 53 53 53 51 40 54 48 64 57 70 72 63 54 34 51 65 Non-Union Households 36 ** 26 ** 24 ** 36 34 42 47 48 48 51 50 52 46 43 52 51 64 51 65 59 61 57 31 50 60 South 46 ** 35 ** 36 ** 46 46 49 55 57 58 61 51 52 49 46 55 59 70 53 64 60 60 62 35 49 62 Nonsouth 32 ** 24 ** 21 ** 33 31 41 44 46 47 48 50 52 46 41 51 47 61 52 67 62 62 54 30 50 59 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 49 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38* 56 52 53 58 39 55 61 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46 48 42 38 49 49 55 51 63 58 61 57 28 45 64 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 35* 22 36 43 44 43 50 46 52 46 37 54 49 62 48 64 59 61 53 30 47 72 Born 1927-1942 30 ** 22 ** 24 ** 32 28 36 39 46 50 45 49 49 46 46 54 48 70 57 66 65 68 61 33 57 53* Born 1911-1926 32 ** 23 ** 20 ** 32 33 40 46 50 49 52 56 52 50 45 49 57 74 56 82 76 64 56 35 54 ** Born 1895-1910 31 ** 28 ** 23 ** 43 43 57 58 59 60 64 63 60 50 61 57 64 76 62 81* 45* 92* 66* 57* ** ** Born before 1895 49 ** 39 ** 38 ** 52 51 57 67 57 67 57 52* 67* 83* 50* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 35 ** 29 ** 25 ** 37 36 45 48 54 50 55 51 54 50 45 58 56 66 52 66 61 61 56 36 55 58 Independents 39 ** 25 ** 34 ** 43 33 49 52 56 59 58 57 57 50 49 59 56 69 58 75 63 71 67 42 61 57 Republicans (incl leaners) 32 ** 19 ** 18 ** 32 32 37 42 39 44 43 47 48 41 38 41 44 59 50 63 61 59 53 23 43 65 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 42 43 48 46 45 41 37 50 48 54 48 57 50 51 54 31 56 54 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 46 47 48 55 45 37 48 52 65 51 67 63 64 51 28 47 65 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 40 44 44 46 48 41 36 49 44 62 51 63 61 62 48 27 46 62 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5B.3.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Public Officials Don't Care What People Think 1952-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Disagree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 65 ** 72 ** 76 ** 62 60 57 49 50 45 47 45 44 48 57 43 37 25 37 22 22 27 35 44 35 21 Females 61 ** 71 ** 71 ** 62 54 54 50 48 46 43 45 43 51 57 43 38 21 38 23 25 24 31 47 34 25 Whites 65 ** 74 ** 74 ** 63 59 57 52 51 48 46 46 45 51 59 48 40 25 39 23 26 26 34 48 38 24 Blacks 39 ** 47 ** 62 ** 50 39 47 29 30 26 30 39 36 42 49 27 29 17 34 23 19 22 26 33 23 22 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 47 ** 48 ** 58 ** 41 34 29 25 26 21 21 21 18 26 34 26 19 9 24 15 13 11 10 24* 18* 19* High School Diploma 69 ** 78 ** 78 ** 64 58 56 52 48 42 41 41 40 45 52 35 31 19 31 15 16 20 25 40 25 15 Some College, no Degree 83 ** 88 ** 88 ** 76 78 71 66 65 63 53 52 52 52 67 47 41 21 40 25 28 24 33 46 36 25 College Degree/ Post-grad 89 ** 92 ** 82 ** 81 85 79 75 69 71 69 66 59 71 70 67 57 44 52 38 37 41 49 59 49 33 Income 0-16 Percentile 42 ** 47 ** 56 ** 38 38 35 29 33 31 28 35 30 36 43 29 23 17 28 16 23 27 26 ** 24 22 Income 17-33 Percentile 57 ** 65 ** 65 ** 60 40 45 37 39 35 33 37 39 46 48 36 33 20 35 15 15 21 26 ** 30 22 Income 34-67 Percentile 68 ** 74 ** 79 ** 66 61 60 47 50 51 45 46 47 49 60 45 36 21 37 25 20 20 29 ** 35 21 Income 68-95 Percentile 72 ** 83 ** 78 ** 73 66 69 64 60 54 55 54 53 60 67 55 50 31 43 25 29 28 43 ** 43 24 Income 96-100 Percentile 86 ** 94 ** 97 ** 79 76 73 80 74 72 68 63 53 65 75 64* 60* 41 55 50 48 45 54 ** 49 36 Professionals 80 ** 87 ** 84 ** 74 ** 70 68 65 60 57 56 55 63 68 57 49 36 46 30 32 36 40 ** 46 ** White Collar 73 ** 82 ** 82 ** 68 ** 64 60 57 56 51 50 46 52 59 46 40 21 42 26 23 22 35 ** 35 ** Blue Collar 63 ** 68 ** 70 ** 55 ** 46 42 39 37 34 37 36 41 50 28 28 17 30 13 19 16 21 ** 23 ** Unskilled 43 ** 53 ** 67* ** 57* ** 55* 38* 33* 19* 41 36 35* 38* 44* 42* 31* 23 33* 20 6* 4* 33* ** 29* ** Farmers 52 ** 55 ** 67 ** 35 ** 42 19 37 45 37 34* 44* 30* 43 38* 31 20 26 18* 13* 24* 43* ** 52* ** Housewives 61 ** 70 ** 69 ** 63 ** 54 45 45 42 43 41 41 45 58 45 37 20 36 22 20 24 35 ** 37 ** Union Households 66 ** 71 ** 74 ** 63 54 53 49 45 42 42 44 44 47 59 43 37 24 33 18 19 27 36 48 34 20 Non-Union Households 62 ** 72 ** 73 ** 61 58 56 50 51 47 45 45 43 50 56 43 38 23 38 23 25 25 32 45 35 23 South 50 ** 62 ** 62 ** 52 44 50 42 41 38 35 43 43 47 52 39 32 18 36 24 23 27 28 44 34 23 Nonsouth 67 ** 74 ** 77 ** 65 60 57 53 52 49 47 46 44 51 59 45 40 26 38 21 24 24 35 46 34 23 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 26 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 31* 24 29 33 24 34 28 21 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 49 42 55 61 49 36 27 36 21 23 21 32 47 36 26 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 65* 73 64 55 54 53 45 51 45 52 63 43 39 26 40 26 28 29 38 49 41 16 Born 1927-1942 66 ** 76 ** 74 ** 67 63 62 57 53 47 51 47 48 50 54 42 44 21 38 23 23 20 33 47 31 27* Born 1911-1926 66 ** 75 ** 78 ** 66 60 58 51 48 46 45 39 43 47 54 41 31 15 36 13 13 28 29 49 26 ** Born 1895-1910 67 ** 69 ** 75 ** 54 47 40 39 38 33 31 29 31 41 38 28 29 13 28 13* 40* 0* 34* 43* ** ** Born before 1895 49 ** 58 ** 57 ** 45 33 42 28 38 27 36 40* 11* 17* 50* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 63 ** 69 ** 72 ** 61 56 53 49 45 47 41 46 43 46 55 37 32 22 38 23 24 26 31 40 29 25 Independents 59 ** 71 ** 66 ** 56 57 49 43 39 35 35 37 33 44 49 36 30 14 30 12 14 12 24 33 22 18 Republicans (incl leaners) 68 ** 79 ** 81 ** 66 58 61 54 60 50 54 48 49 57 62 55 46 27 39 24 27 28 37 55 43 22 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 57 54 49 50 53 57 63 47 41 38 43 31 34 35 34 42 35 31 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 55 49 50 48 42 54 63 46 36 18 38 20 19 22 36 47 31 20 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 60 54 53 50 50 58 64 49 46 30 39 25 28 28 41 53 44 23 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5B.3.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Public Officials Don't Care What People Think 1988-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Neither (1988-later only)' Percent of group: '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 11 12 10 12 11 13 8 20 17 16 Females 12 13 10 11 17 13 13 25 14 17 Whites 12 12 9 12 14 12 10 23 14 16 Blacks 11 11 9 10 15 11 12 19 16 15 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 11 10 9 3 9 7 11 8* 8* 4* High School Diploma 12 13 10 11 16 13 11 24 17 20 Some College, no Degree 13 15 12 17 15 14 12 25 15 17 College Degree/ Post-grad 9 11 9 10 13 13 8 21 14 13 Income 0-16 Percentile 11 12 9 10 18 11 13 ** 15 15 Income 17-33 Percentile 10 13 8 15 15 12 12 ** 16 12 Income 34-67 Percentile 12 15 12 11 17 13 9 ** 18 20 Income 68-95 Percentile 12 11 10 13 12 15 8 ** 10 16 Income 96-100 Percentile 11* 14 5 7 8 10 12 ** 12 21 Professionals 10 11 10 11 13 13 11 ** 10 ** White Collar 14 15 10 12 19 12 10 ** 16 ** Blue Collar 11 12 9 11 12 13 9 ** 19 ** Unskilled 10* 12 6* 8 6* 12* 7* ** 11* ** Farmers 11 20 17 13* 17* 43* 8* ** 8* ** Housewives 11 11 8 11 21 11 14 ** 15 ** Union Households 15 12 10 12 9 10 8 18 15 15 Non-Union Households 11 13 10 11 16 14 11 24 15 17 South 8 11 10 12 16 13 9 20 15 15 Nonsouth 13 13 10 11 14 13 11 24 15 18 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 25 Born 1975-1990 ** ** 31* 20 20 13 16 26 16 17 Born 1959-1974 15 17 13 15 19 18 11 25 20 10 Born 1943-1958 13 12 11 10 13 10 9 21 12 12 Born 1927-1942 8 9 4 10 12 12 6 20 11 18* Born 1911-1926 11 10 6 6 10 8 14 16 17 ** Born 1895-1910 5 9 8 3* 15* 8* 0* 0* ** ** Born before 1895 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 11 11 9 11 15 12 12 23 16 17 Independents 14 14 10 11 22 17 9 22 16 25 Republicans (incl leaners) 10 14 10 13 12 13 9 22 14 13 Liberals 10 8 9 12 16 13 12 27 9 15 Moderates 12 18 11 13 18 15 12 25 21 15 Conservatives 10 8 10 11 10 10 11 20 9 15 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5B.3.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 Table 5B.4 External Political Efficacy Index 1952-2008 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Average Score on Index 66 ** 72 ** 74 ** 67 63 57 58 55 54 52 51 53 52 63 45 49 35 51 33 38 42 46 61 47 38 Source: The National Election Studies The External Political Efficacy Index is constructed as follows: Variable 613 (Table 5B.2) and variable 609 (Table 5B.3) are recoded: Agree=0, Disagree=100, Neither=50. These new scores are then totaled (Don't Know is not scored) and the sum is divided by the number of valid responses. The result is then rounded to the nearest integer. V613: "'People like me don't have any say about what the government does.'" (RESPONSE OPTIONS READ OR SHOWN TO R) V609: "'I don't think public officials care much what people like me think.'" (RESPONSE OPTIONS READ OR SHOWN TO R) This represents variables VCF0648 in the NES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009a was used to produce this table. Table generated: 16AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ External Political Efficacy Index 1952-2008 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: AVERAGE SCORE ON INDEX '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 69 ** 74 ** 75 ** 67 65 59 59 57 54 53 52 54 52 64 45 50 36 52 34 36 43 48 59 48 36 Females 63 ** 70 ** 72 ** 66 61 56 57 53 54 52 50 53 52 62 45 48 34 51 32 39 40 45 62 45 41 Whites 69 ** 74 ** 75 ** 68 64 59 60 56 55 53 52 54 53 64 50 51 36 52 35 39 43 48 63 49 39 Blacks 42 ** 46 ** 62 ** 59 50 49 41 42 42 44 41 48 44 54 29 37 28 46 31 33 37 39 49 39 34 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 52 ** 51 ** 59 ** 47 43 34 36 35 30 31 30 33 32 40 29 31 16 33 15 22 25 18 32* 21* 20 High School Diploma 72 ** 77 ** 77 ** 70 63 58 59 52 52 49 47 48 47 58 37 42 30 45 26 29 35 37 53 38 29 Some College, no Degree 83 ** 90 ** 89 ** 81 82 72 74 70 68 59 58 64 55 72 49 55 40 56 39 45 42 49 64 49 42 College Degree/ Post-grad 91 ** 93 ** 84 ** 84 86 79 82 76 76 76 70 69 72 77 68 67 52 66 50 50 59 64 74 61 50 Income 0-16 Percentile 47 ** 49 ** 57 ** 47 45 38 37 41 41 38 39 42 38 48 32 35 25 41 24 37 39 35 ** 36 33 Income 17-33 Percentile 59 ** 65 ** 66 ** 63 51 49 46 46 46 41 44 47 47 55 39 42 32 47 28 31 35 42 ** 43 34 Income 34-67 Percentile 71 ** 74 ** 77 ** 72 67 61 57 55 57 54 51 56 51 66 47 48 35 52 35 35 37 45 ** 47 39 Income 68-95 Percentile 75 ** 85 ** 78 ** 75 70 71 71 66 63 60 60 63 63 73 55 61 41 58 38 42 47 55 ** 57 43 Income 96-100 Percentile 85 ** 91 ** 96 ** 83 81 70 82 78 75 74 65 61 67 79 66 69* 53 67 58 57 64 69 ** 58 52 Professionals 81 ** 87 ** 86 ** 78 ** 71 75 71 66 66 62 64 65 75 60 60 48 61 44 46 52 57 ** 56 ** White Collar 76 ** 81 ** 83 ** 74 ** 63 68 62 62 58 53 55 55 64 49 52 36 56 37 39 37 47 ** 47 ** Blue Collar 68 ** 70 ** 71 ** 63 ** 50 51 47 47 43 44 46 44 56 30 40 27 43 24 30 33 34 ** 37 ** Unskilled 49 ** 52 ** 66* ** 56* ** 50* 48* 40* 27* 40 41 46* 41* 48 46 40 32 45 22* 14* 21* 42* ** 37* ** Farmers 55 ** 58 ** 60 ** 47 ** 45 36 44 45 43 42* 46* 44* 49 38 40 32 42 31* 35* 43* 48* ** 52* ** Housewives 63 ** 70 ** 69 ** 66 ** 57 52 50 50 51 47 50 48 61 47 46 31 49 32 35 40 46 ** 48 ** Union Households 69 ** 73 ** 73 ** 67 61 57 58 52 53 52 50 55 51 64 44 49 35 49 31 32 43 47 59 47 35 Non-Union Households 65 ** 72 ** 74 ** 67 63 57 58 56 54 52 51 53 53 62 45 49 35 52 34 39 42 46 61 46 39 South 56 ** 63 ** 65 ** 59 54 53 50 47 45 44 48 53 50 60 41 43 30 50 33 38 42 42 60 47 38 Nonsouth 69 ** 75 ** 76 ** 69 65 59 61 57 57 55 52 53 53 64 47 51 37 52 34 37 41 48 61 46 39 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 54* 35 47* 46 41 57 43 39 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 53 57 55 65 50 49 40 52 34 37 40 48 62 49 38 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** 71* 75 66 60 58 60 53 53 54 53 68 44 50 38 55 37 40 44 48 62 52 30 Born 1927-1942 70 ** 76 ** 76 ** 73 69 65 65 59 58 57 54 58 55 61 44 52 31 51 33 37 38 45 59 40 47 Born 1911-1926 69 ** 75 ** 78 ** 68 65 59 60 55 53 53 48 52 49 61 46 44 25 47 21 27 41 43 57 41 ** Born 1895-1910 70 ** 71 ** 72 ** 61 53 43 50 46 41 41 39 44 47 43 33 37 20 40 21* 46* 28* 34* 43* ** ** Born before 1895 54 ** 59 ** 60 ** 54 44 43 39 45 38 47* 52* 28* 33* 50* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 66 ** 69 ** 71 ** 68 63 55 57 51 54 50 51 52 49 60 39 43 33 51 32 37 43 45 57 42 38 Independents & Apolitical 60 ** 76 ** 65 ** 60 60 50 51 46 48 45 43 47 46 54 38 40 25 43 23 25 31 37 44 33 35 Republicans (incl leaners) 71 ** 79 ** 82 ** 69 64 64 63 64 57 59 54 58 59 68 57 57 41 55 38 41 44 51 68 55 40 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 63 61 57 56 60 58 68 48 50 47 57 43 47 49 53 61 44 46 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 59 59 57 53 53 54 67 49 49 33 52 32 35 40 52 62 47 36 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 65 60 59 56 60 60 71 50 57 40 55 38 42 44 53 67 56 41 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5B.4.1 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ How Much Does the Government Listen to the People 1964-2004 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Not Much 24 ** 29 26 24 28 33 28 41 41 30 ** 28 ** 26 ** 22 29 20 ** 21 Some 38 ** 42 48 56 59 54 55 49 46 54 ** 57 ** 60 ** 63 52 63 ** 63 A Good Deal 32 ** 23 23 17 11 11 14 8 10 15 ** 13 ** 12 ** 15 18 16 ** 16 Don't Know, Depends 6 ** 6 3 2 2 3 3 2 4 1 ** 2 ** 1 ** 0 1 1 ** 1 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1446 1340 830 2183 2518 2399 2287 1408 1399 2239 1766 2245 1499 1277 1541 1059 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5C.1 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Over the years, how much attention do you feel the government pays to what the people think when it decides what to do -- a good deal, some, or not much?" This question is variable VCF0622 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0010A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ How Much Does the Government Listen to the People 1964-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Not Much' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 25 ** 32 26 24 28 31 27 40 41 28 ** 26 ** 24 ** 21 26 21 ** 22 Females 23 ** 27 26 24 27 34 29 42 40 31 ** 30 ** 28 ** 23 31 19 ** 20 Whites 25 ** 30 22 22 26 32 28 42 40 29 ** 25 ** 25 ** 22 27 20 ** 19 Blacks 17 ** 20 43 37 41 36 34 38 46 33 ** 42 ** 35 ** 21 34 24 ** 30 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 31 ** 37 43 38 43 42 39 52 49 34 ** 43 ** 33 ** 32 41 44 ** 25* High School Diploma 22 ** 31 23 25 28 36 30 46 43 34 ** 33 ** 29 ** 26 34 26 ** 23 Some College, no Degree 22 ** 22 14 17 22 27 25 34 43 26 ** 24 ** 24 ** 22 27 16 ** 23 College Degree/ Post-grad 20 ** 18 15 11 15 19 20 27 28 21 ** 16 ** 20 ** 11 18 11 ** 13 Income 0-16 Percentile 29 ** 31 39 32 37 38 34 46 41 36 ** 38 ** 32 ** 27 31 26 ** 29 Income 17-33 Percentile 26 ** 33 32 30 37 36 30 39 43 29 ** 35 ** 29 ** 22 33 23 ** 20 Income 34-67 Percentile 24 ** 31 28 25 24 32 30 42 41 30 ** 27 ** 23 ** 25 31 21 ** 22 Income 68-95 Percentile 19 ** 26 16 17 20 28 25 37 42 25 ** 21 ** 23 ** 16 29 14 ** 20 Income 96-100 Percentile 18 ** 15 9* 10 15 19 18 33 30 18 ** 18* ** 24 ** 12 8 13 ** 7 Professionals 24 ** 22 13 16 22 25 27 35 33 24 ** 25 ** 21 ** 14 24 13 ** 18 White Collar 23 ** 31 23 20 21 28 25 38 43 31 ** 25 ** 23 ** 26 30 22 ** 17 Blue Collar 26 ** 34 30 29 32 40 32 45 45 33 ** 32 ** 30 ** 26 36 27 ** 28 Unskilled 22* ** 35* 40* 29* 32* 32 36 33* 45* 29 ** 33* ** 30* ** 37* 37* 38* ** 32* Farmers 36 ** 37 47* 40 33 35 25* 45* 40* 38 ** 27 ** 22 ** 35* 0* 8* ** 14* Housewives 20 ** 28 27 25 27 33 27 47 43 28 ** 29 ** 31 ** 17 30 15 ** 12 Union Households 19 ** 32 23 25 26 33 30 42 47 34 ** 25 ** 25 ** 23 28 16 ** 23 Non-Union Households 25 ** 28 26 24 28 33 28 41 39 29 ** 29 ** 26 ** 21 29 21 ** 20 South 30 ** 32 31 28 31 36 31 41 40 31 ** 32 ** 29 ** 21 28 24 ** 19 Nonsouth 22 ** 28 24 23 26 32 27 41 41 29 ** 26 ** 25 ** 23 29 18 ** 21 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46* ** 17 28 19 ** 23 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 27 25 34 30 ** 29 ** 24 ** 21 25 19 ** 19 Born 1943-1958 33* ** 23 22 18 24 29 26 37 44 27 ** 26 ** 25 ** 20 30 19 ** 18 Born 1927-1942 18 ** 28 21 22 27 31 28 44 37 33 ** 25 ** 28 ** 24 32 22 ** 23 Born 1911-1926 23 ** 28 22 26 27 36 30 46 43 30 ** 34 ** 29 ** 23 30 29 ** 27 Born 1895-1910 29 ** 35 36 34 37 37 34 47 35 30 ** 37 ** 33 ** 47* 79* 0* ** ** Born before 1895 33 ** 30 44* 33 30 43 44* 50* 50* 25* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 21 ** 30 29 28 27 33 26 39 41 34 ** 34 ** 26 ** 21 28 19 ** 27 Independents 33 ** 36 31 28 37 38 32 42 45 31 ** 38 ** 35 ** 24 34 31 ** 28 Republicans (incl leaners) 27 ** 27 18 17 22 29 30 43 38 24 ** 19 ** 24 ** 23 28 18 ** 12 Liberals ** ** ** ** 24 25 27 25 34 37 29 ** 29 ** 23 ** 18 25 7 ** 21 Moderates ** ** ** ** 22 21 30 25 38 40 28 ** 24 ** 25 ** 21 26 15 ** 23 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 17 25 31 29 41 36 24 ** 23 ** 24 ** 18 27 21 ** 11 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 5C.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ How Much Does the Government Listen to the People 1964-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Some' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 33 ** 39 43 55 58 57 54 49 46 54 ** 56 ** 60 ** 62 51 59 ** 59 Females 42 ** 44 52 57 60 53 55 49 46 54 ** 58 ** 60 ** 63 52 66 ** 67 Whites 38 ** 42 50 58 60 55 56 49 47 55 ** 61 ** 62 ** 64 55 63 ** 65 Blacks 36 ** 39 40 47 47 46 46 45 40 48 ** 42 ** 48 ** 54 39 63 ** 56 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 35 ** 29 34 42 47 39 35 29 31 42 ** 39 ** 42 ** 42 33 36 ** 50* High School Diploma 40 ** 45 50 59 62 53 55 44 44 52 ** 55 ** 58 ** 60 46 60 ** 62 Some College, no Degree 38 ** 47 57 57 59 63 61 60 48 60 ** 64 ** 66 ** 66 56 67 ** 62 College Degree/ Post-grad 38 ** 46 60 67 65 66 60 65 57 60 ** 63 ** 66 ** 67 62 66 ** 67 Income 0-16 Percentile 37 ** 36 36 47 47 45 45 40 46 43 ** 48 ** 52 ** 51 41 54 ** 56 Income 17-33 Percentile 37 ** 39 46 55 55 49 52 48 48 50 ** 54 ** 59 ** 65 46 61 ** 64 Income 34-67 Percentile 37 ** 45 48 59 65 56 56 49 48 57 ** 60 ** 66 ** 65 55 64 ** 66 Income 68-95 Percentile 41 ** 46 53 60 65 61 60 55 47 60 ** 61 ** 62 ** 68 53 69 ** 60 Income 96-100 Percentile 37 ** 40 57* 56 49 68 61 56 51 61 ** 60* ** 63 ** 65 68 60 ** 76 Professionals 38 ** 47 61 59 61 65 55 55 55 60 ** 57 ** 65 ** 67 59 68 ** 67 White Collar 36 ** 45 54 60 67 58 57 54 44 53 ** 63 ** 66 ** 64 52 64 ** 69 Blue Collar 37 ** 38 42 55 57 50 52 42 43 52 ** 55 ** 56 ** 59 47 58 ** 54 Unskilled 28* ** 30* 40* 49* 65* 49 46 63* 39* 55 ** 48* ** 54* ** 51* 38* 45* ** 54* Farmers 26 ** 30 33* 40 58 42 50* 34* 42* 44 ** 56 ** 54 ** 48* 71* 47* ** 55* Housewives 43 ** 43 47 55 60 52 57 44 41 54 ** 58 ** 57 ** 65 50 60 ** 71 Union Households 38 ** 42 50 59 62 57 55 47 39 51 ** 60 ** 63 ** 62 56 63 ** 59 Non-Union Households 38 ** 42 48 56 58 54 54 49 48 55 ** 57 ** 60 ** 63 51 63 ** 64 South 34 ** 37 46 52 56 49 49 47 46 48 ** 53 ** 56 ** 60 49 62 ** 61 Nonsouth 39 ** 44 49 58 61 56 57 50 46 57 ** 59 ** 63 ** 64 53 63 ** 64 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 54* ** 75 45 69 ** 64 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 59 65 55 56 ** 60 ** 66 ** 66 61 66 ** 69 Born 1943-1958 33* ** 57 62 66 65 59 58 56 47 59 ** 62 ** 62 ** 61 48 61 ** 64 Born 1927-1942 43 ** 47 52 57 62 59 56 46 50 50 ** 56 ** 55 ** 61 47 60 ** 58 Born 1911-1926 38 ** 40 45 55 57 50 53 41 40 51 ** 51 ** 55 ** 57 54 54 ** 47 Born 1895-1910 31 ** 32 41 46 49 45 42 35 42 44 ** 41 ** 44 ** 29* 0* 50* ** ** Born before 1895 36 ** 29 22* 34 52 41 24* 30* 33* 25* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 37 ** 41 48 57 61 56 54 48 46 51 ** 55 ** 59 ** 62 52 61 ** 61 Independents 38 ** 46 42 55 52 46 52 50 38 52 ** 50 ** 58 ** 62 50 54 ** 61 Republicans (incl leaners) 41 ** 43 51 56 61 56 57 49 49 58 ** 62 ** 64 ** 63 53 69 ** 66 Liberals ** ** ** ** 59 64 60 57 57 51 57 ** 58 ** 63 ** 63 56 66 ** 66 Moderates ** ** ** ** 60 69 60 62 50 47 58 ** 62 ** 63 ** 65 58 65 ** 61 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 59 57 56 55 51 51 58 ** 60 ** 62 ** 65 52 61 ** 68 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 5C.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ How Much Does the Government Listen to the People 1964-2004 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'A Good Deal' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 Males 37 ** 24 29 19 13 11 17 10 11 16 ** 17 ** 15 ** 17 22 19 ** 19 Females 28 ** 22 19 16 10 10 12 7 9 14 ** 10 ** 10 ** 14 15 14 ** 12 Whites 31 ** 22 25 18 12 11 14 7 10 15 ** 13 ** 12 ** 13 17 16 ** 16 Blacks 39 ** 33 17 11 7 9 15 15 11 17 ** 13 ** 16 ** 25 27 13 ** 14 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 23 ** 21 18 13 4 11 15 10 11 15 ** 11 ** 18 ** 25 23 14 ** 22* High School Diploma 33 ** 19 24 15 9 9 12 9 8 14 ** 10 ** 11 ** 13 18 12 ** 14 Some College, no Degree 38 ** 29 28 25 17 9 13 6 9 14 ** 11 ** 10 ** 11 17 17 ** 14 College Degree/ Post-grad 41 ** 34 25 23 20 15 20 8 14 19 ** 21 ** 14 ** 23 20 23 ** 19 Income 0-16 Percentile 21 ** 21 18 14 8 10 14 9 9 17 ** 9 ** 14 ** 22 24 17 ** 14 Income 17-33 Percentile 29 ** 21 17 14 8 10 14 10 8 18 ** 9 ** 11 ** 13 21 16 ** 15 Income 34-67 Percentile 33 ** 20 22 15 10 11 13 8 9 13 ** 12 ** 11 ** 10 14 15 ** 12 Income 68-95 Percentile 38 ** 27 31 22 15 11 15 8 11 15 ** 18 ** 14 ** 16 17 16 ** 19 Income 96-100 Percentile 42 ** 42 35* 32 35 13 21 11 18 20 ** 22* ** 14 ** 23 24 26 ** 17 Professionals 35 ** 29 26 24 18 10 16 10 11 16 ** 17 ** 14 ** 19 17 19 ** 14 White Collar 37 ** 19 22 19 11 13 17 7 8 15 ** 12 ** 11 ** 9 17 13 ** 14 Blue Collar 31 ** 21 26 14 8 8 12 10 9 14 ** 11 ** 13 ** 15 16 14 ** 18 Unskilled 44* ** 30* 20* 17* 3* 15 15 5* 8* 10 ** 12* ** 16* ** 12* 26* 17* ** 15* Farmers 31 ** 22 17* 12 7 16 18* 10* 12* 14 ** 15 ** 19 ** 17* 29* 37* ** 31* Housewives 28 ** 23 20 15 9 11 11 5 10 16 ** 9 ** 9 ** 17 19 21 ** 16 Union Households 37 ** 21 25 15 11 9 12 9 10 15 ** 14 ** 12 ** 15 16 21 ** 18 Non-Union Households 30 ** 24 23 18 11 11 15 8 10 15 ** 13 ** 12 ** 16 19 16 ** 15 South 27 ** 25 19 18 9 11 15 9 11 19 ** 12 ** 14 ** 19 22 14 ** 19 Nonsouth 33 ** 22 25 17 12 10 14 8 9 13 ** 13 ** 12 ** 13 17 18 ** 14 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0* ** 8 26 13 ** 13 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 9 6 8 14 ** 10 ** 10 ** 12 14 15 ** 11 Born 1943-1958 24* ** 17 14 16 11 10 14 6 7 13 ** 12 ** 12 ** 18 22 20 ** 19 Born 1927-1942 33 ** 21 26 20 10 9 13 9 9 15 ** 18 ** 16 ** 14 20 18 ** 20 Born 1911-1926 34 ** 28 30 17 14 11 14 11 14 17 ** 12 ** 14 ** 20 12 14 ** 22 Born 1895-1910 30 ** 23 17 16 9 11 15 11 14 19 ** 16 ** 17 ** 20* 21* 24* ** ** Born before 1895 23 ** 20 24* 17 11 10 28* 20* 17* 50* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 36 ** 24 21 13 10 9 17 11 9 14 ** 10 ** 15 ** 17 19 20 ** 11 Independents 19 ** 13 22 14 7 11 9 3 7 13 ** 8 ** 5 ** 14 12 13 ** 9 Republicans (incl leaners) 27 ** 25 27 25 15 13 11 6 12 17 ** 17 ** 12 ** 14 19 13 ** 22 Liberals ** ** ** ** 16 11 12 18 9 10 14 ** 12 ** 14 ** 18 18 27 ** 13 Moderates ** ** ** ** 18 9 9 12 11 12 14 ** 13 ** 11 ** 13 16 20 ** 16 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 23 17 11 15 8 12 18 ** 16 ** 13 ** 16 21 17 ** 20 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 5C.1.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Elections Make the Government Pay Attention 1964-2008 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Not Much 7 9 8 9 8 11 10 10 13 ** 20 ** 17 ** 11 ** 15 13 13 9 7 11 Some 25 25 28 31 36 35 36 32 35 ** 37 ** 44 ** 41 ** 42 41 41 40 37 42 A Good Deal 65 62 60 57 55 50 52 56 51 ** 42 ** 37 ** 47 ** 42 45 44 51 56 47 Don't Know, Depends 4 4 4 3 2 3 2 2 2 ** 1 ** 1 ** 1 ** 0 1 1 0 0 0 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1445 1282 1342 830 2184 2509 2399 2290 1407 2243 1767 2246 1498 1277 1543 1318 1059 2112 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5C.2 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "And how much do you feel that having elections makes the government pay attention to what the people think, a good deal, some or not much?" This question is variable VCF0624 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0010A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Elections Make the Government Pay Attention 1964-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Not Much' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 7 9 9 9 7 12 11 9 12 ** 22 ** 17 ** 11 ** 14 12 14 9 6 13 Females 6 9 8 9 8 11 10 11 13 ** 19 ** 18 ** 11 ** 17 13 13 8 9 9 Whites 7 10 9 7 7 11 10 10 12 ** 19 ** 15 ** 11 ** 16 11 13 7 6 10 Blacks 6 3 5 18 11 16 9 12 16 ** 20 ** 29 ** 16 ** 12 19 14 20 18 12 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 8 15 14 15 11 19 17 14 20 ** 23 ** 27 ** 13 ** 23 18 29 23* 25* 31* High School Diploma 5 8 7 9 7 11 10 12 14 ** 22 ** 20 ** 14 ** 18 17 17 12 8 13 Some College, no Degree 9 3 8 8 5 8 9 7 9 ** 18 ** 16 ** 10 ** 14 10 9 6 7 11 College Degree/ Post-grad 6 4 4 1 6 6 5 3 9 ** 16 ** 9 ** 7 ** 9 6 9 4 4 6 Income 0-16 Percentile 10 14 13 20 10 16 13 16 19 ** 22 ** 24 ** 15 ** 16 15 20 ** 14 15 Income 17-33 Percentile 5 10 9 12 10 14 12 11 13 ** 21 ** 20 ** 14 ** 16 17 16 ** 6 12 Income 34-67 Percentile 5 10 8 9 7 8 9 9 12 ** 18 ** 17 ** 9 ** 19 13 14 ** 7 10 Income 68-95 Percentile 7 6 7 5 5 10 8 8 8 ** 19 ** 12 ** 10 ** 11 10 7 ** 5 9 Income 96-100 Percentile 4 1 6 0* 5 1 5 5 12 ** 13 ** 11* ** 6 ** 8 4 10 ** 3 9 Professionals 7 ** 7 5 7 8 9 7 9 ** 18 ** 14 ** 9 ** 10 8 9 ** 5 ** White Collar 3 ** 8 8 6 7 6 9 10 ** 22 ** 17 ** 10 ** 21 13 15 ** 6 ** Blue Collar 8 ** 10 12 8 14 12 12 15 ** 20 ** 19 ** 15 ** 15 18 19 ** 9 ** Unskilled 6* ** 5* 20* 11* 14* 20 7 10* ** 24 ** 33* ** 13* ** 23* 23* 13* ** 16* ** Farmers 11 ** 16 16* 11 16 10 5* 10* ** 26 ** 24 ** 6 ** 20* 0* 13* ** 3* ** Housewives 5 ** 7 8 8 12 12 12 14 ** 18 ** 16 ** 12 ** 21 12 12 ** 9 ** Union Households 5 11 8 11 8 12 11 11 13 ** 20 ** 17 ** 9 ** 18 10 10 10 7 10 Non-Union Households 7 8 9 9 7 11 10 10 12 ** 20 ** 18 ** 12 ** 15 13 14 9 7 11 South 6 10 9 11 7 12 12 12 11 ** 20 ** 20 ** 13 ** 15 11 13 12 8 11 Nonsouth 7 9 8 9 8 11 10 9 13 ** 20 ** 16 ** 10 ** 16 13 14 7 7 11 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 9 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0* ** 18 14 15 9 8 12 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 8 7 ** 19 ** 17 ** 13 ** 19 13 14 10 7 10 Born 1943-1958 14* 10 9 14 5 9 8 9 13 ** 18 ** 15 ** 10 ** 12 13 13 6 4 12 Born 1927-1942 6 6 8 6 7 11 12 10 9 ** 22 ** 16 ** 12 ** 12 11 10 8 11 15 Born 1911-1926 5 9 7 6 8 11 12 10 16 ** 23 ** 21 ** 11 ** 17 12 19 10 11 ** Born 1895-1910 6 7 11 12 11 16 10 10 13 ** 22 ** 25 ** 12 ** 30* 14* 0* 57* ** ** Born before 1895 13 25 13 20* 10 14 8 20* 10* ** 25* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 4 10 8 11 8 11 10 10 13 ** 20 ** 20 ** 10 ** 14 10 13 10 11 10 Independents 12 12 13 11 10 19 15 16 18 ** 24 ** 24 ** 21 ** 23 21 23 29 17 17 Republicans (incl leaners) 9 5 7 5 5 7 9 7 9 ** 18 ** 12 ** 10 ** 16 13 11 3 1 10 Liberals ** ** ** ** 6 12 6 8 12 ** 17 ** 16 ** 7 ** 12 12 6 6 11 6 Moderates ** ** ** ** 7 7 6 7 12 ** 23 ** 16 ** 11 ** 18 10 8 7 8 12 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 7 12 10 8 10 ** 18 ** 13 ** 12 ** 12 11 9 5 2 11 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5C.2.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Elections Make the Government Pay Attention 1964-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Some' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 23 23 27 28 34 34 35 31 33 ** 38 ** 43 ** 38 ** 39 37 38 36 35 42 Females 26 26 30 34 37 36 36 33 36 ** 36 ** 45 ** 44 ** 45 45 44 43 38 42 Whites 25 25 29 29 35 36 36 32 36 ** 38 ** 45 ** 42 ** 43 45 42 41 37 44 Blacks 22 23 26 42 41 33 40 31 27 ** 25 ** 40 ** 37 ** 33 27 41 39 40 31 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 30 23 23 31 40 39 33 29 28 ** 31 ** 35 ** 37 ** 33 39 43 23* 38* 30* High School Diploma 24 28 30 33 36 37 36 34 34 ** 36 ** 44 ** 40 ** 41 41 42 42 40 43 Some College, no Degree 17 21 32 28 31 32 34 32 36 ** 37 ** 48 ** 41 ** 46 41 42 42 36 43 College Degree/ Post-grad 25 22 27 29 34 29 38 29 39 ** 41 ** 45 ** 45 ** 43 45 39 37 31 41 Income 0-16 Percentile 28 26 27 37 40 32 33 32 29 ** 35 ** 38 ** 38 ** 37 37 41 ** 40 38 Income 17-33 Percentile 27 27 30 36 36 41 34 33 36 ** 34 ** 47 ** 40 ** 44 39 43 ** 40 39 Income 34-67 Percentile 23 27 31 33 35 36 37 34 34 ** 38 ** 44 ** 43 ** 45 46 40 ** 37 46 Income 68-95 Percentile 22 23 27 25 36 36 37 28 35 ** 39 ** 46 ** 42 ** 43 40 41 ** 36 42 Income 96-100 Percentile 18 15 17 30* 23 19 26 31 40 ** 42 ** 42* ** 41 ** 38 41 33 ** 21 40 Professionals 25 ** 28 26 33 35 35 30 35 ** 39 ** 46 ** 42 ** 44 41 43 ** 37 ** White Collar 20 ** 32 35 33 34 39 35 38 ** 36 ** 48 ** 44 ** 39 48 40 ** 39 ** Blue Collar 24 ** 26 27 37 36 38 32 32 ** 35 ** 43 ** 38 ** 43 34 40 ** 37 ** Unskilled 31* ** 25* 53* 34* 43* 33 32 30* ** 35 ** 33* ** 39* ** 50* 42* 30* ** 38* ** Farmers 29 ** 25 41* 45 34 31 43* 38* ** 33 ** 40 ** 39 ** 42* 40* 33* ** 37* ** Housewives 27 ** 29 36 37 35 32 31 37 ** 38 ** 43 ** 43 ** 41 51 44 ** 23 ** Union Households 20 28 29 28 39 35 36 31 34 ** 36 ** 43 ** 42 ** 36 42 38 41 38 43 Non-Union Households 26 24 28 32 35 36 35 33 35 ** 37 ** 44 ** 41 ** 44 41 42 40 36 42 South 28 24 26 35 34 41 37 30 31 ** 33 ** 42 ** 41 ** 40 42 43 36 33 42 Nonsouth 24 25 29 30 36 33 35 33 36 ** 38 ** 45 ** 41 ** 44 41 41 42 38 42 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 49 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 46* ** 43 43 50 48 44 40 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 38 46 ** 39 ** 48 ** 44 ** 45 45 43 44 38 42 Born 1943-1958 14* 27 33 29 38 36 39 34 35 ** 43 ** 49 ** 44 ** 47 41 39 39 33 35 Born 1927-1942 21 27 30 33 34 34 37 30 36 ** 33 ** 42 ** 38 ** 39 37 40 29 32 33 Born 1911-1926 25 22 28 28 35 35 30 32 32 ** 28 ** 37 ** 34 ** 28 39 35 31 34 ** Born 1895-1910 29 25 24 35 38 36 31 29 28 ** 33 ** 34 ** 32 ** 12* 58* 41* 0* ** ** Born before 1895 30 26 28 27* 28 45 51 16* 10* ** 25* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 23 24 29 32 38 35 37 32 35 ** 36 ** 45 ** 40 ** 42 39 42 41 40 37 Independents 30 28 33 30 38 37 38 33 33 ** 40 ** 40 ** 43 ** 45 48 36 40 45 54 Republicans (incl leaners) 28 26 27 30 31 36 33 34 34 ** 36 ** 44 ** 43 ** 42 43 43 38 30 46 Liberals ** ** ** ** 38 30 36 30 39 ** 39 ** 48 ** 41 ** 43 41 40 39 36 38 Moderates ** ** ** ** 35 40 37 35 37 ** 38 ** 45 ** 42 ** 46 45 43 40 43 47 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 32 32 33 30 31 ** 34 ** 44 ** 40 ** 42 41 41 37 27 40 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5C.2.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Elections Make the Government Pay Attention 1964-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'A Good Deal' Percent of group: '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 66 66 62 61 58 51 53 59 54 ** 40 ** 39 ** 50 ** 47 50 48 54 58 44 Females 64 60 57 54 52 49 51 53 48 ** 44 ** 35 ** 43 ** 38 41 42 49 53 49 Whites 65 62 59 60 56 50 53 56 51 ** 42 ** 39 ** 47 ** 40 44 45 52 57 45 Blacks 63 65 64 39 40 45 43 54 52 ** 51 ** 27 ** 45 ** 56 54 45 41 43 57 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 52 53 53 50 43 33 42 48 43 ** 40 ** 32 ** 45 ** 40 41 24 54* 34* 38* High School Diploma 68 62 60 56 55 49 52 53 50 ** 41 ** 35 ** 45 ** 41 41 39 46 52 43 Some College, no Degree 72 75 59 63 63 59 55 60 54 ** 45 ** 35 ** 49 ** 40 49 49 52 57 46 College Degree/ Post-grad 69 74 69 70 60 64 57 67 52 ** 43 ** 46 ** 48 ** 48 50 52 59 66 54 Income 0-16 Percentile 53 52 49 39 44 42 46 48 48 ** 40 ** 33 ** 44 ** 46 46 37 ** 46 47 Income 17-33 Percentile 63 59 56 49 53 42 49 54 48 ** 44 ** 31 ** 45 ** 40 44 41 ** 54 48 Income 34-67 Percentile 69 60 60 56 56 53 54 57 52 ** 43 ** 38 ** 48 ** 36 41 46 ** 56 44 Income 68-95 Percentile 70 69 66 69 58 54 54 63 55 ** 42 ** 42 ** 48 ** 46 50 52 ** 59 49 Income 96-100 Percentile 76 82 75 70* 72 80 69 64 48 ** 45 ** 47* ** 53 ** 54 54 57 ** 76 51 Professionals 68 ** 64 67 59 56 54 62 56 ** 43 ** 40 ** 49 ** 46 51 48 ** 57 ** White Collar 75 ** 59 55 59 57 55 54 51 ** 42 ** 35 ** 47 ** 40 39 45 ** 55 ** Blue Collar 63 ** 60 60 53 46 49 54 51 ** 43 ** 37 ** 46 ** 41 47 41 ** 54 ** Unskilled 56* ** 70* 27* 49* 41* 45 59 58* ** 39 ** 26* ** 49* ** 27* 35* 52* ** 47* ** Farmers 57 ** 53 41* 43 48 50 43* 38* ** 38 ** 35 ** 50 ** 34* 60* 53* ** 60* ** Housewives 62 ** 57 51 52 46 51 53 43 ** 42 ** 38 ** 41 ** 38 37 44 ** 68 ** Union Households 73 58 61 58 51 52 52 57 51 ** 44 ** 39 ** 49 ** 45 48 51 50 55 47 Non-Union Households 62 64 59 57 56 49 52 55 50 ** 42 ** 37 ** 46 ** 41 45 43 52 56 47 South 61 62 60 51 56 40 47 55 54 ** 45 ** 36 ** 44 ** 45 46 43 52 59 47 Nonsouth 66 63 59 59 54 54 53 56 49 ** 41 ** 37 ** 48 ** 41 45 45 51 55 47 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 42 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 54* ** 40 42 35 43 48 48 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 51 42 ** 42 ** 33 ** 42 ** 36 42 42 46 55 48 Born 1943-1958 67* 62 56 53 55 53 52 55 51 ** 39 ** 35 ** 45 ** 40 47 48 55 62 51 Born 1927-1942 70 63 60 60 57 53 50 57 53 ** 44 ** 41 ** 49 ** 48 51 50 62 57 51 Born 1911-1926 67 66 64 65 55 51 55 57 50 ** 47 ** 41 ** 53 ** 54 47 45 59 54 ** Born 1895-1910 60 65 59 48 48 42 53 55 52 ** 42 ** 36 ** 48 ** 58* 28* 33* 43* ** ** Born before 1895 48 42 42 44* 50 30 33 52* 70* ** 50* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 69 63 59 56 51 52 51 57 49 ** 43 ** 34 ** 50 ** 44 51 45 49 49 53 Independents 52 54 53 54 47 38 42 46 42 ** 30 ** 31 ** 34 ** 31 30 38 32 37 28 Republicans (incl leaners) 61 66 64 61 62 53 56 59 56 ** 45 ** 43 ** 46 ** 42 44 46 59 69 44 Liberals ** ** ** ** 57 57 58 60 48 ** 43 ** 35 ** 52 ** 45 46 54 55 53 56 Moderates ** ** ** ** 57 52 56 58 50 ** 40 ** 39 ** 48 ** 36 45 49 54 49 41 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 61 55 57 62 58 ** 48 ** 43 ** 48 ** 46 48 50 58 71 49 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5C.2.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 Table 5C.3 Government Responsiveness Index 1964-2008 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Average Score on Index 67 78 62 61 60 55 55 58 51 34 52 ** 51 ** 55 ** 55 55 57 71 61 68 Source: The National Election Studies The Government Responsiveness Index is constructed as follows: Variable 622 (Table 5C.1) and variable 624 (Table 5C.2) are recoded: Not Much=0, Some=50, A Great Deal=100. These new scores are then totaled (Don't Know is not scored) and the sum is divided by the number of valid responses. The result is then rounded to the nearest integer. V622: "Over the years, how much attention do you feel the government pays to what the people think when it decides what to do -- a good deal, some, or not much?" V624: "And how much do you feel that having elections makes the government pay attention to what the people think, a good deal, some or not much?" This represents variables VCF0649 in the NES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009a was used to produce this table. Table generated: 16AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Government Responsiveness Index 1964-2008 AVERAGE AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS FOR: AVERAGE SCORE ON INDEX '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 68 79 62 64 61 56 55 60 53 35 51 ** 53 ** 58 ** 57 59 58 72 63 66 Females 67 77 62 60 59 55 54 56 50 34 52 ** 49 ** 53 ** 53 53 56 70 59 70 Whites 67 77 61 64 61 56 55 58 51 34 52 ** 53 ** 56 ** 54 55 57 72 62 68 Blacks 71 84 69 49 50 49 51 56 53 32 54 ** 42 ** 53 ** 62 57 54 60 52 72 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 60 71 56 53 52 43 48 53 45 29 49 ** 43 ** 54 ** 53 51 40 65* 52* 53 High School Diploma 69 77 61 62 59 55 54 56 50 32 50 ** 48 ** 53 ** 52 52 52 67 58 65 Some College, no Degree 70 87 65 67 67 61 57 60 54 33 54 ** 52 ** 56 ** 54 57 60 73 60 67 College Degree/ Post-grad 71 85 71 70 66 66 62 66 56 43 56 ** 61 ** 59 ** 63 61 64 77 67 74 Income 0-16 Percentile 59 71 58 50 54 48 51 53 48 34 50 ** 45 ** 52 ** 56 56 51 ** 54 66 Income 17-33 Percentile 66 75 59 55 57 49 53 57 51 32 53 ** 46 ** 53 ** 54 54 54 ** 61 68 Income 34-67 Percentile 69 76 60 60 60 57 56 58 51 34 52 ** 52 ** 57 ** 51 53 56 ** 60 67 Income 68-95 Percentile 71 82 65 70 65 59 57 61 54 35 53 ** 57 ** 57 ** 59 57 62 ** 63 70 Income 96-100 Percentile 75 91 75 74 72 75 64 65 53 44 58 ** 60* ** 59 ** 64 66 65 ** 71 71 Professionals 68 ** 67 69 65 61 57 61 56 39 54 ** 55 ** 58 ** 60 59 61 ** 62 ** White Collar 72 ** 60 62 63 60 59 59 52 32 51 ** 52 ** 56 ** 51 53 55 ** 61 ** Blue Collar 66 ** 60 61 58 52 51 56 50 32 51 ** 49 ** 54 ** 54 52 52 ** 59 ** Unskilled 70* ** 64* 47* 56* 49* 51 59 55* 30* 50 ** 42 ** 55 ** 45* 50* 53* ** 54* ** Farmers 60 ** 56 49 50 51 55 60* 47* 35* 48 ** 50 ** 61 ** 50* 72* 65* ** 68* ** Housewives 67 ** 62 60 59 54 54 57 46 33 53 ** 50 ** 52 ** 54 54 59 ** 65 ** Union Households 73 74 61 63 58 56 54 57 51 31 51 ** 53 ** 57 ** 55 57 61 70 61 68 Non-Union Households 66 79 62 61 61 55 55 58 51 35 52 ** 51 ** 55 ** 55 55 56 71 61 68 South 64 77 62 57 60 52 52 57 53 35 53 ** 49 ** 54 ** 57 57 55 70 63 68 Nonsouth 68 78 62 63 60 57 56 58 51 34 51 ** 52 ** 56 ** 54 55 58 72 60 68 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 66 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 52* ** 53* 56 53 67 57 68 Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 57 54 37 52 ** 49 ** 54 ** 52 54 56 68 60 69 Born 1943-1958 63* 76 60 58 62 58 56 58 52 31 52 ** 51 ** 56 ** 57 56 59 74 65 70 Born 1927-1942 71 79 62 65 62 56 54 58 52 36 51 ** 55 ** 56 ** 57 57 59 77 61 68 Born 1911-1926 69 80 64 67 60 57 55 58 49 35 53 ** 50 ** 57 ** 58 54 52 74 61 ** Born 1895-1910 65 80 60 55 55 49 54 57 51 39 52 ** 48 ** 55 ** 49* 39* 69* 43* ** ** Born before 1895 55 59 57 53 59 49 47* 55* 55* 33* 63* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 71 77 62 60 57 56 54 60 52 33 51 ** 47 ** 57 ** 57 58 58 69 56 72 Independents & Apolitical 57 73 55 58 56 47 50 52 46 29 46 ** 43 ** 45 ** 50 46 48 52 50 56 Republicans (incl leaners) 63 81 64 67 67 60 58 58 53 37 55 ** 57 ** 56 ** 54 55 57 78 69 67 Liberals ** ** ** ** 61 57 59 61 53 36 53 ** 51 ** 59 ** 58 57 67 75 58 75 Moderates ** ** ** ** 62 58 57 59 53 36 51 ** 53 ** 56 ** 52 56 62 73 59 65 Conservatives ** ** ** ** 65 59 57 60 54 38 56 ** 56 ** 56 ** 58 58 59 77 69 69 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group Table 5C.3.1 Source: The American National Election Studies Table generated: 17AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Approval of Performance of Congress 1980-2008 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Approve 34 34 53 44 52 36 28 32 46 48 52 64 46 26 Disapprove 48 49 35 38 34 55 63 60 47 43 33 34 40 63 Don't Know 18 17 12 18 14 9 9 8 8 9 15 2 14 11 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1401 1417 1926 2169 1769 1972 2243 1789 1700 1269 1796 1458 1211 2309 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5C.4 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "Do you approve or disapprove of the way the U.S. Congress has been handling its job?" This question is variable VCF0992 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Approval of Performance of Congress 1980-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Approve' Percent of group: '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 33 35 52 46 50 34 27 30 45 47 53 61 49 24 Females 35 33 54 43 53 37 29 34 46 49 51 66 44 27 Whites 33 35 55 45 52 33 26 29 46 49 52 66 46 23 Blacks 38 28 41 43 45 41 30 52 41 46 57 58 44 30 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 33 25 44 39 45 36 37 38 30 53 51 57* 35 30 High School Diploma 33 29 54 45 51 40 31 36 46 48 50 65 50 27 Some College, no Degree 36 42 57 43 52 37 28 30 47 47 53 63 46 26 College Degree/ Post-grad 31 42 52 49 57 27 20 23 47 50 56 64 42 23 Income 0-16 Percentile 33 24 44 43 45 40 34 42 44 52 53 ** 48 31 Income 17-33 Percentile 32 39 49 42 50 37 28 35 46 49 47 ** 48 28 Income 34-67 Percentile 34 38 59 46 53 39 29 32 44 42 54 ** 44 25 Income 68-95 Percentile 38 38 55 49 56 32 26 27 49 53 57 ** 50 23 Income 96-100 Percentile 26 42 56 52 69* 25 20 28 42 51 62 ** 47 24 Professionals 31 40 54 46 54 30 25 25 46 48 50 ** 42 ** White Collar 36 39 56 47 56 38 30 31 49 51 57 ** 52 ** Blue Collar 34 28 52 43 48 38 29 36 43 44 51 ** 46 ** Unskilled 40* 44* 55* 48 40* 44 41* 48 43* 33* 48* ** 54* ** Farmers 28* 27* 42 51 62 42 33 34* 41* 64* 53* ** 43* ** Housewives 29 28 54 39 53 32 27 28 40 52 52 ** 50 ** Union Households 33 33 57 45 52 36 31 35 38 48 48 67 42 21 Non-Union Households 33 35 52 45 52 36 28 31 47 48 53 64 47 26 South 35 36 51 45 56 37 31 34 48 53 54 62 50 27 Nonsouth 33 34 54 44 50 36 27 31 44 45 51 65 45 25 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 33 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** 46* 45 67 59 60 62 52 26 Born 1959-1974 56 48 60 49 56 45 32 39 46 54 55 70 53 20 Born 1943-1958 35 36 56 45 55 35 28 27 43 49 51 62 43 21 Born 1927-1942 34 35 55 44 52 33 26 29 45 39 47 56 37 22 Born 1911-1926 29 29 43 41 46 27 21 25 43 34 45 55 39 ** Born 1895-1910 24 24 42 34 35 29 31 22* 39* 48* 40* 90* ** ** Born before 1895 30* 25* 100* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 40 34 55 48 58 38 32 40 40 42 50 61 40 29 Independents 24 28 46 36 46 33 20 27 35 42 44 52 36 27 Republicans (incl leaners) 29 39 53 44 46 35 26 24 55 58 58 69 57 21 Liberals 41 40 58 47 58 36 31 37 35 35 55 65 33 28 Moderates 37 40 57 47 58 40 27 35 47 48 51 66 49 24 Conservatives 28 34 51 42 45 30 22 24 53 56 56 63 54 20 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5C.4.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Approval of Performance of Congress 1980-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Disapprove' Percent of group: '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 57 55 42 45 42 61 68 64 48 47 39 37 42 69 Females 41 45 29 32 28 50 59 57 46 40 29 31 38 58 Whites 50 49 35 38 36 58 66 64 47 44 35 32 40 65 Blacks 31 54 36 39 30 47 56 38 51 47 29 41 43 60 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 35 47 28 26 26 41 41 50 57 26 38 34* 40 51 High School Diploma 46 50 33 35 32 50 57 54 46 42 33 33 36 60 Some College, no Degree 51 48 35 42 38 58 68 64 47 46 32 34 39 61 College Degree/ Post-grad 60 51 43 44 39 70 77 72 47 46 33 34 47 70 Income 0-16 Percentile 38 48 32 31 30 43 51 48 47 36 31 ** 40 54 Income 17-33 Percentile 51 44 35 35 32 54 59 56 46 37 38 ** 35 57 Income 34-67 Percentile 49 51 34 41 35 54 66 61 48 50 31 ** 43 63 Income 68-95 Percentile 49 52 38 38 36 64 70 67 44 41 34 ** 39 70 Income 96-100 Percentile 59 48 42 42 27* 67 77 72 53 47 29 ** 44 71 Professionals 60 52 42 45 38 65 70 72 48 46 37 ** 48 ** White Collar 42 43 33 35 33 54 64 60 41 45 26 ** 34 ** Blue Collar 46 52 34 37 34 51 60 55 48 46 37 ** 37 ** Unskilled 35* 41* 36* 36 31* 46 55* 44 51* 45* 44* ** 45* ** Farmers 52* 50* 38 39 31 46 54 54* 53* 17* 35* ** 50* ** Housewives 41 48 26 31 27 53 61 59 49 33 25 ** 29 ** Union Households 48 54 33 40 33 57 63 59 57 43 34 31 42 70 Non-Union Households 48 48 35 37 34 54 63 61 44 43 33 34 40 62 South 49 48 35 37 29 52 58 57 44 37 32 35 39 62 Nonsouth 48 50 35 38 36 56 66 62 48 47 34 33 40 63 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 53 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** 46* 42 24 26 20 35 34 62 Born 1959-1974 25 33 26 28 27 45 59 51 44 38 29 27 34 69 Born 1943-1958 46 50 34 39 32 58 65 67 52 46 36 37 44 73 Born 1927-1942 52 51 36 44 36 59 66 67 48 52 43 42 51 62 Born 1911-1926 53 54 42 40 43 64 67 63 50 54 41 38 41 ** Born 1895-1910 53 48 38 33 38 41 52 65* 45* 52* 19* 0* ** ** Born before 1895 40* 50* 0* 0* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 42 50 33 37 29 54 60 52 52 50 36 38 46 58 Independents 46 43 30 33 27 41 61 58 50 35 34 40 47 55 Republicans (incl leaners) 58 51 39 41 42 60 68 70 38 38 29 29 32 73 Liberals 46 48 35 39 31 59 62 57 59 58 31 33 56 60 Moderates 49 49 34 39 30 54 67 59 46 45 35 32 38 64 Conservatives 61 58 43 45 46 67 72 72 40 40 34 35 35 74 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5C.4.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Approval of Performance of Congress 1980-2008 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Don't Know' Percent of group: '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '08 Males 10 10 6 8 8 5 5 6 7 6 8 2 8 7 Females 24 22 17 25 19 13 12 10 8 11 20 3 19 15 Whites 17 16 10 17 12 9 7 7 7 8 14 3 13 12 Blacks 32 18 23 17 25 12 14 10 8 8 14 1 13 10 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 32 28 28 35 29 22 22 12 13 21 11 9* 25 20 High School Diploma 21 21 13 21 17 11 11 9 9 10 17 2 14 13 Some College, no Degree 13 10 8 14 10 6 5 7 7 7 14 3 14 13 College Degree/ Post-grad 9 7 6 7 4 3 3 4 7 4 11 2 11 6 Income 0-16 Percentile 29 27 24 27 25 18 15 9 9 12 16 ** 12 15 Income 17-33 Percentile 16 17 15 23 18 9 13 9 8 14 15 ** 17 15 Income 34-67 Percentile 17 12 8 13 12 7 5 7 8 8 15 ** 13 12 Income 68-95 Percentile 13 10 8 13 7 4 4 6 7 6 10 ** 11 7 Income 96-100 Percentile 15 10 2 6 4* 8 3 0 5 2 10 ** 9 5 Professionals 8 8 4 8 8 5 5 4 6 6 12 ** 10 ** White Collar 21 18 11 19 12 8 6 10 10 5 17 ** 13 ** Blue Collar 20 19 14 20 18 10 11 9 9 10 13 ** 16 ** Unskilled 25* 15* 9* 16 29* 11 4* 8 6* 22* 8* ** 1* ** Farmers 21* 23* 20 11 7 11 13 12* 6* 19* 12* ** 7* ** Housewives 30 23 20 31 19 15 12 13 11 16 22 ** 21 ** Union Households 18 13 9 15 14 7 6 6 6 9 18 2 17 9 Non-Union Households 18 18 13 18 14 10 9 8 8 9 14 2 13 12 South 16 16 14 18 15 12 12 9 9 10 14 3 11 11 Nonsouth 19 17 11 17 14 8 7 7 8 8 15 2 15 12 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 14 Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** 8* 13 8 15 20 3 15 12 Born 1959-1974 19 19 14 23 17 10 10 10 11 9 15 3 13 11 Born 1943-1958 19 15 9 16 13 7 7 6 5 5 14 1 13 6 Born 1927-1942 15 14 10 11 12 8 7 3 7 9 9 1 12 15 Born 1911-1926 18 17 14 19 11 10 12 12 7 12 14 7 21 ** Born 1895-1910 22 28 20 34 27 29 17 14* 17* 0* 41* 10* ** ** Born before 1895 30* 25* 0* 100* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 18 16 12 16 14 8 8 7 7 8 14 1 15 13 Independents 31 30 23 31 27 27 19 15 15 23 22 9 16 19 Republicans (incl leaners) 13 11 8 15 11 5 6 6 7 4 13 2 11 6 Liberals 13 13 7 14 11 5 6 6 5 6 13 2 11 12 Moderates 14 11 8 14 12 6 6 6 6 7 14 2 13 12 Conservatives 12 8 6 13 9 3 6 4 6 4 11 2 11 6 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group 2008 NOTE: open-ended coding of occupation is not yet complete. .................... Table 5C.4.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Shouldn't Vote if Doesn't Care About Outcome 1952-1992 '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 Agree 53 ** 46 ** 44 ** ** ** ** ** 45 ** 46 48 41 ** 57 ** 50 ** 51 Disagree 45 ** 53 ** 55 ** ** ** ** ** 54 ** 53 49 58 ** 42 ** 37 ** 41 Neither - ** - ** - ** ** ** ** ** - ** - - - ** - ** 12 ** 8 Don't Know, Depends 1 ** 2 ** 2 ** ** ** ** ** 1 ** 2 3 1 ** 1 ** 0 ** 1 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ N 1775 1736 1908 2686 2838 2290 1559 2243 1768 2248 PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR Table 5D.1 Source: The American National Election Studies QUESTION TEXT: "'If a person doesn't (1988: if people don't) care how an election comes out he (1980,1984: then that person; 1988,1992: they) shouldn't vote in it.'" NOTE: The option 'Neither Agree Nor Disagree' was introduced in 1988 and has affected distributions This question is variable VCF0616 in the ANES Cumulative Data File dataset. Consult the Cumulative Data File codebook for complete question text and annotation. Weight variable VCF0009A was used to produce this table (see weight documentation). Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Shouldn't Vote if Doesn't Care About Outcome 1952-1992 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Agree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 Males 54 ** 47 ** 46 ** ** ** ** ** 46 ** 46 47 42 ** 58 ** 50 ** 52 Females 53 ** 45 ** 42 ** ** ** ** ** 45 ** 45 49 40 ** 56 ** 51 ** 50 Whites 52 ** 44 ** 43 ** ** ** ** ** 45 ** 44 47 40 ** 56 ** 48 ** 50 Blacks 68 ** 63 ** 48 ** ** ** ** ** 45 ** 52 54 40 ** 59 ** 55 ** 55 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 61 ** 59 ** 52 ** ** ** ** ** 47 ** 54 53 46 ** 67 ** 64 ** 65 High School Diploma 51 ** 42 ** 40 ** ** ** ** ** 47 ** 46 49 43 ** 61 ** 57 ** 57 Some College, no Degree 47 ** 36 ** 44 ** ** ** ** ** 45 ** 42 51 39 ** 51 ** 41 ** 44 College Degree/ Post-grad 34 ** 34 ** 35 ** ** ** ** ** 38 ** 39 40 34 ** 47 ** 40 ** 41 Income 0-16 Percentile 62 ** 61 ** 51 ** ** ** ** ** 50 ** 54 56 43 ** 66 ** 60 ** 58 Income 17-33 Percentile 56 ** 49 ** 46 ** ** ** ** ** 52 ** 48 51 41 ** 62 ** 56 ** 55 Income 34-67 Percentile 58 ** 43 ** 38 ** ** ** ** ** 46 ** 47 46 42 ** 53 ** 51 ** 54 Income 68-95 Percentile 47 ** 42 ** 45 ** ** ** ** ** 38 ** 41 46 38 ** 53 ** 42 ** 41 Income 96-100 Percentile 33 ** 32 ** 33 ** ** ** ** ** 45 ** 29 39 35 ** 54 ** 42* ** 34 Professionals 44 ** 36 ** 41 ** ** ** ** ** 40 ** 38 41 33 ** 48 ** 41 ** 43 White Collar 40 ** 36 ** 36 ** ** ** ** ** 45 ** 46 54 37 ** 52 ** 44 ** 49 Blue Collar 59 ** 50 ** 46 ** ** ** ** ** 49 ** 47 50 47 ** 65 ** 59 ** 56 Unskilled 65 ** 59 ** 51* ** ** ** ** ** 58* ** 59 53 50* ** 69 ** 50* ** 70* Farmers 58 ** 66 ** 55 ** ** ** ** ** 44 ** 44 52* 27* ** 58 ** 71 ** 54 Housewives 53 ** 44 ** 43 ** ** ** ** ** 43 ** 45 48 40 ** 58 ** 53 ** 52 Union Households 56 ** 45 ** 42 ** ** ** ** ** 46 ** 44 43 40 ** 55 ** 50 ** 46 Non-Union Households 53 ** 46 ** 44 ** ** ** ** ** 45 ** 46 50 41 ** 57 ** 50 ** 51 South 68 ** 58 ** 51 ** ** ** ** ** 48 ** 52 51 42 ** 60 ** 59 ** 55 Nonsouth 49 ** 42 ** 41 ** ** ** ** ** 45 ** 43 47 41 ** 56 ** 46 ** 49 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 92* Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 70 64 ** 68 ** 57 ** 54 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56 ** 57 56 47 ** 54 ** 49 ** 46 Born 1927-1942 62 ** 42 ** 39 ** ** ** ** ** 41 ** 40 44 38 ** 50 ** 47 ** 48 Born 1911-1926 55 ** 48 ** 43 ** ** ** ** ** 42 ** 37 40 33 ** 58 ** 47 ** 54 Born 1895-1910 52 ** 45 ** 47 ** ** ** ** ** 40 ** 42 39 29 ** 63 ** 52 ** 47 Born before 1895 49 ** 47 ** 46 ** ** ** ** ** 44 ** 41 40* 40* ** 75* ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 57 ** 47 ** 47 ** ** ** ** ** 44 ** 46 48 38 ** 55 ** 50 ** 50 Independents 43 ** 44 ** 51 ** ** ** ** ** 54 ** 53 56 54 ** 61 ** 57 ** 59 Republicans (incl leaners) 48 ** 41 ** 37 ** ** ** ** ** 43 ** 41 44 40 ** 58 ** 49 ** 48 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 47 ** 48 49 40 ** 50 ** 47 ** 43 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 41 ** 40 43 33 ** 54 ** 47 ** 46 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 ** 40 45 41 ** 54 ** 45 ** 52 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 5D.1.1 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Shouldn't Vote if Doesn't Care About Outcome 1952-1992 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Disagree' Percent of group: '52 '54 '56 '58 '60 '62 '64 '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 Males 46 ** 52 ** 53 ** ** ** ** ** 53 ** 53 51 56 ** 41 ** 37 ** 41 Females 45 ** 53 ** 56 ** ** ** ** ** 54 ** 53 47 59 ** 43 ** 37 ** 42 Whites 47 ** 54 ** 55 ** ** ** ** ** 53 ** 55 50 59 ** 43 ** 39 ** 42 Blacks 27 ** 35 ** 49 ** ** ** ** ** 54 ** 47 43 59 ** 40 ** 34 ** 38 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 37 ** 38 ** 45 ** ** ** ** ** 51 ** 44 40 52 ** 31 ** 22 ** 25 High School Diploma 49 ** 57 ** 59 ** ** ** ** ** 52 ** 52 49 57 ** 39 ** 32 ** 35 Some College, no Degree 53 ** 64 ** 56 ** ** ** ** ** 54 ** 57 47 60 ** 49 ** 44 ** 48 College Degree/ Post-grad 66 ** 66 ** 60 ** ** ** ** ** 61 ** 60 58 65 ** 52 ** 46 ** 51 Income 0-16 Percentile 34 ** 35 ** 45 ** ** ** ** ** 49 ** 44 40 55 ** 34 ** 29 ** 32 Income 17-33 Percentile 43 ** 50 ** 51 ** ** ** ** ** 46 ** 51 45 59 ** 38 ** 33 ** 38 Income 34-67 Percentile 40 ** 57 ** 61 ** ** ** ** ** 53 ** 52 52 56 ** 47 ** 35 ** 39 Income 68-95 Percentile 53 ** 57 ** 55 ** ** ** ** ** 60 ** 57 53 61 ** 47 ** 47 ** 50 Income 96-100 Percentile 67 ** 68 ** 63 ** ** ** ** ** 55 ** 71 59 65 ** 46 ** 47* ** 55 Professionals 56 ** 64 ** 59 ** ** ** ** ** 60 ** 61 57 66 ** 52 ** 44 ** 50 White Collar 60 ** 62 ** 63 ** ** ** ** ** 54 ** 53 43 62 ** 47 ** 45 ** 44 Blue Collar 40 ** 48 ** 53 ** ** ** ** ** 49 ** 52 48 52 ** 34 ** 29 ** 36 Unskilled 31 ** 39 ** 49* ** ** ** ** ** 42* ** 41 44 48* ** 31 ** 36* ** 20* Farmers 42 ** 32 ** 45 ** ** ** ** ** 56 ** 53 43* 70* ** 39 ** 24 ** 35 Housewives 45 ** 54 ** 52 ** ** ** ** ** 56 ** 52 47 59 ** 41 ** 32 ** 37 Union Households 43 ** 54 ** 56 ** ** ** ** ** 53 ** 55 55 59 ** 45 ** 37 ** 45 Non-Union Households 46 ** 52 ** 54 ** ** ** ** ** 54 ** 52 47 58 ** 42 ** 37 ** 41 South 30 ** 40 ** 47 ** ** ** ** ** 51 ** 46 44 56 ** 39 ** 28 ** 38 Nonsouth 50 ** 57 ** 57 ** ** ** ** ** 54 ** 55 50 59 ** 44 ** 41 ** 43 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 8* Born 1959-1974 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 27 35 ** 32 ** 27 ** 36 Born 1943-1958 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 43 ** 42 41 52 ** 45 ** 39 ** 46 Born 1927-1942 38 ** 57 ** 59 ** ** ** ** ** 58 ** 59 54 62 ** 50 ** 41 ** 45 Born 1911-1926 43 ** 50 ** 56 ** ** ** ** ** 56 ** 62 57 66 ** 41 ** 42 ** 39 Born 1895-1910 48 ** 54 ** 52 ** ** ** ** ** 58 ** 56 55 69 ** 36 ** 33 ** 34 Born before 1895 49 ** 50 ** 50 ** ** ** ** ** 54 ** 55 48* 60* ** 25* ** ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 42 ** 52 ** 53 ** ** ** ** ** 54 ** 53 49 61 ** 45 ** 39 ** 42 Independents 55 ** 55 ** 47 ** ** ** ** ** 44 ** 44 38 44 ** 38 ** 28 ** 31 Republicans (incl leaners) 52 ** 58 ** 61 ** ** ** ** ** 56 ** 58 54 60 ** 42 ** 38 ** 44 Liberals ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 52 ** 52 49 60 ** 49 ** 41 ** 51 Moderates ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 59 ** 58 56 66 ** 46 ** 40 ** 45 Conservatives ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 56 ** 59 52 59 ** 45 ** 43 ** 41 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 5D.1.2 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10 THE ANES GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR ______________________________________________________ Shouldn't Vote if Doesn't Care About Outcome 1988-1992 PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED: 'Neither (1988-later only)' Percent of group: '88 '90 '92 Males 13 ** 7 Females 12 ** 8 Whites 13 ** 8 Blacks 10 ** 6 Grade Sch./Some High Sch. 12 ** 8 High School Diploma 11 ** 7 Some College, no Degree 15 ** 8 College Degree/ Post-grad 14 ** 8 Income 0-16 Percentile 11 ** 8 Income 17-33 Percentile 11 ** 7 Income 34-67 Percentile 14 ** 7 Income 68-95 Percentile 12 ** 8 Income 96-100 Percentile 11* ** 10 Professionals 14 ** 7 White Collar 11 ** 8 Blue Collar 12 ** 7 Unskilled 12* ** 10* Farmers 5 ** 11 Housewives 15 ** 9 Union Households 13 ** 8 Non-Union Households 12 ** 7 South 13 ** 7 Nonsouth 12 ** 8 Born 1991 or later ** ** ** Born 1975-1990 ** ** 0* Born 1959-1974 15 ** 9 Born 1943-1958 11 ** 8 Born 1927-1942 12 ** 6 Born 1911-1926 11 ** 5 Born 1895-1910 15 ** 18 Born before 1895 ** ** ** Democrats (incl leaners) 11 ** 7 Independents 15 ** 9 Republicans (incl leaners) 14 ** 7 Liberals 12 ** 6 Moderates 13 ** 8 Conservatives 12 ** 7 * numbers followed by an asterisk indicate 50 or fewer total respondents within group ** indicates question not asked or no cases within group .................... Table 5D.1.3 Source: The American National Election Studies NOTE: variable used for race grouping has changed. See Table 1A.3 Table generated: 05AUG10