The ANES Guide to Public Opinion and Electoral Behavior
Party Identification 3-Point Scale 1952-2020
PERCENT AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS WHO RESPONDED : "Republican (incl leaners)"
'52 | '54 | '56 | '58 | '60 | '62 | '64 | '66 | '68 | '70 | '72 | '74 | '76 | '78 | '80 | '82 | '84 | '86 | '88 | '90 | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 | '20 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Males | 34 | 31 | 35 | 34 | 36 | 33 | 30 | 33 | 36 | 33 | 35 | 33 | 32 | 30 | 34 | 35 | 42 | 39 | 45 | 40 | 42 | 47 | 45 | 40 | 41 | 46 | 45 | ** | 40 | ** | 42 | ** | 42 | ** | 46 |
Females | 38 | 37 | 42 | 35 | 38 | 39 | 31 | 32 | 31 | 33 | 33 | 29 | 33 | 30 | 32 | 29 | 38 | 34 | 38 | 33 | 34 | 36 | 32 | 34 | 34 | 41 | 37 | ** | 35 | ** | 37 | ** | 37 | ** | 39 |
White non-Hispanic | 37 | ** | 40 | 35 | 38 | 37 | 33 | 35 | 37 | 36 | 37 | 34 | 37 | 33 | 37 | 36 | 45 | 43 | 48 | 41 | 43 | 48 | 44 | 43 | 42 | 50 | 49 | ** | 45 | ** | 49 | ** | 48 | ** | 53 |
Black non-Hispanic | 21 | ** | 24 | 25 | 23 | 18 | 8 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 8 | ** | 5 | ** | 5 | ** | 7 | ** | 9 |
Hispanic | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 6 | 14 | 20 | 8 | 15 | 14 | 25 | 13 | 24 | 20 | 25 | 28 | 29 | 25 | 26 | 24 | 31 | 37 | 34 | ** | 25 | ** | 22 | ** | 22 | ** | 26 |
Race oth/mult non-Hisp | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 75 | 25 | 50 | 26 | 36 | 17 | 29 | 17 | 18 | 27 | 33 | 25 | 51 | 50 | 42 | 44 | 40 | 38 | 34 | 42 | ** | 18 | ** | 32 | ** | 32 | ** | 30 |
8th Grade or Lower | 30 | 29 | 40 | 32 | 35 | 31 | 21 | 26 | 22 | 24 | 29 | 27 | 24 | 20 | 21 | 19 | 25 | 21 | 26 | 18 | 22 | 22 | 17 | 22 | 30 | 29 | 21 | ** | 24 | ** | 20 | ** | 30 | ** | 28 |
High School (Grades 9-12) | 36 | 34 | 35 | 31 | 32 | 34 | 30 | 29 | 31 | 30 | 31 | 27 | 29 | 25 | 29 | 28 | 37 | 32 | 36 | 32 | 32 | 34 | 34 | 32 | 29 | 38 | 38 | ** | 31 | ** | 35 | ** | 36 | ** | 43 |
Some College, no Degree | 48 | 43 | 45 | 35 | 52 | 48 | 39 | 39 | 42 | 41 | 37 | 34 | 38 | 36 | 39 | 37 | 46 | 42 | 48 | 44 | 41 | 46 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 45 | 44 | ** | 38 | ** | 40 | ** | 42 | ** | 46 |
College Degree/ Post-grad | 54 | 53 | 51 | 53 | 50 | 42 | 46 | 52 | 52 | 49 | 47 | 43 | 48 | 46 | 45 | 41 | 48 | 45 | 52 | 47 | 47 | 56 | 48 | 45 | 48 | 53 | 45 | ** | 46 | ** | 45 | ** | 41 | ** | 39 |
Income 0-16 Percentile | 33 | 28 | 37 | 36 | 41 | 41 | 24 | 30 | 26 | 24 | 30 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 25 | 18 | 26 | 24 | 30 | 27 | 27 | 23 | 26 | 30 | 22 | ** | 29 | ** | 21 | ** | 28 | ** | 27 | ** | 30 |
Income 17-33 Percentile | 33 | 31 | 35 | 28 | 32 | 42 | 24 | 22 | 30 | 29 | 31 | 22 | 28 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 31 | 33 | 36 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 29 | 33 | ** | 36 | ** | 27 | ** | 32 | ** | 29 | ** | 39 |
Income 34-67 Percentile | 33 | 34 | 36 | 31 | 34 | 31 | 26 | 34 | 34 | 31 | 30 | 27 | 30 | 28 | 32 | 30 | 40 | 36 | 41 | 37 | 35 | 44 | 35 | 34 | 40 | ** | 42 | ** | 37 | ** | 40 | ** | 42 | ** | 44 |
Income 68-95 Percentile | 38 | 34 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 39 | 38 | 32 | 36 | 37 | 41 | 38 | 37 | 35 | 41 | 38 | 48 | 44 | 48 | 40 | 47 | 54 | 52 | 44 | 40 | ** | 47 | ** | 48 | ** | 48 | ** | 46 | ** | 45 |
Income 96-100 Percentile | 62 | 63 | 59 | 63 | 68 | 50 | 48 | 46 | 53 | 54 | 53 | 66 | 68 | 47 | 53 | 58 | 62 | 56 | 77 | 75 | 60 | 64 | 55 | 56 | 54 | ** | 50 | ** | 68 | ** | 51 | ** | 54 | ** | 45 |
Professionals | 43 | ** | 47 | 40 | 44 | ** | 43 | ** | 44 | 45 | 43 | 33 | 42 | 39 | 42 | 42 | 46 | 43 | 48 | 41 | 43 | 51 | 45 | 42 | 43 | ** | 38 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
White Collar | 38 | ** | 36 | 33 | 42 | ** | 35 | ** | 38 | 33 | 34 | 30 | 35 | 31 | 37 | 36 | 45 | 40 | 45 | 40 | 37 | 44 | 41 | 39 | 37 | ** | 47 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Blue Collar | 28 | ** | 33 | 28 | 27 | ** | 21 | ** | 26 | 26 | 28 | 28 | 25 | 21 | 25 | 23 | 31 | 28 | 34 | 32 | 30 | 36 | 31 | 27 | 31 | ** | 38 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Unskilled | 24 | ** | 27 | 23 | 39 | ** | 9 | ** | 15 | 13 | 24 | 32 | 31 | 14 | 21 | 24 | 33 | 27 | 33 | 25 | 35 | 24 | 27 | 39 | 25 | ** | 21 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Farmers | 36 | ** | 39 | 40 | 47 | ** | 31 | ** | 34 | 26 | 39 | 58 | 37 | 35 | 38 | 39 | 46 | 36 | 52 | 32 | 53 | 52 | 39 | 53 | 41 | ** | 41 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Housewives | 40 | ** | 43 | 37 | 40 | ** | 32 | ** | 34 | 34 | 35 | 32 | 37 | 38 | 33 | 29 | 44 | 41 | 39 | 37 | 40 | 40 | 44 | 44 | 39 | ** | 51 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Union Households | 29 | 25 | 30 | 23 | 23 | ** | 17 | 23 | 27 | 21 | 25 | 21 | 22 | 21 | 24 | 23 | 31 | 29 | 33 | 28 | 29 | 31 | 31 | 29 | 28 | 36 | 30 | ** | 32 | ** | 37 | ** | 32 | ** | 35 |
Non-Union Households | 38 | 38 | 42 | 38 | 42 | ** | 35 | 36 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 34 | 36 | 33 | 36 | 34 | 42 | 38 | 43 | 38 | 39 | 44 | 40 | 39 | 38 | 45 | 43 | ** | 38 | ** | 40 | ** | 41 | ** | 43 |
South | 15 | ** | 23 | 20 | 25 | 28 | 18 | 24 | 21 | 26 | 25 | 22 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 31 | 30 | 33 | 28 | 34 | 41 | 37 | 40 | 38 | 44 | 42 | ** | 42 | ** | 42 | ** | 44 | ** | 47 |
Nonsouth | 41 | ** | 44 | 39 | 41 | 39 | 34 | 35 | 37 | 35 | 37 | 34 | 35 | 32 | 35 | 33 | 43 | 39 | 44 | 40 | 39 | 42 | 39 | 36 | 36 | 43 | 40 | ** | 34 | ** | 38 | ** | 37 | ** | 40 |
Born 1991 or later | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 28 | ** | 34 | ** | 31 |
Born 1975-1990 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 38 | 41 | 37 | 45 | 27 | 33 | 31 | ** | 30 | ** | 37 | ** | 32 | ** | 38 |
Born 1959-1974 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 22 | 26 | 32 | 38 | 37 | 41 | 40 | 38 | 41 | 38 | 37 | 41 | 51 | 44 | ** | 39 | ** | 39 | ** | 43 | ** | 48 |
Born 1943-1958 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 25 | 32 | 27 | 29 | 29 | 22 | 29 | 27 | 30 | 29 | 40 | 36 | 41 | 34 | 38 | 43 | 39 | 39 | 37 | 40 | 46 | ** | 38 | ** | 41 | ** | 44 | ** | 46 |
Born 1927-1942 | 30 | 32 | 35 | 28 | 32 | 34 | 27 | 29 | 32 | 32 | 34 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 40 | 32 | 38 | 37 | 40 | 37 | 37 | 44 | 40 | 29 | 40 | 46 | 41 | ** | 48 | ** | 46 | ** | 47 | ** | 51 |
Born 1911-1926 | 32 | 30 | 35 | 31 | 35 | 31 | 29 | 33 | 34 | 30 | 36 | 33 | 34 | 32 | 31 | 33 | 39 | 33 | 41 | 35 | 36 | 35 | 36 | 34 | 30 | 33 | 30 | ** | 30 | ** | 49 | ** | 42 | ** | 27 |
Born 1895-1910 | 37 | 37 | 43 | 36 | 40 | 40 | 31 | 36 | 35 | 37 | 36 | 37 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 36 | 46 | 43 | 42 | 29 | 37 | 40 | 51 | 45 | 21 | 33 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 64 |
Born before 1895 | 43 | 42 | 46 | 48 | 44 | 48 | 47 | 34 | 41 | 42 | 51 | 38 | 55 | 31 | 42 | 57 | 75 | 100 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Democrats (incl leaners) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Independents | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Republicans | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Liberals | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 20 | 14 | 16 | 13 | 15 | 12 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 12 | ** | 8 | ** | 7 | ** | 6 | ** | 5 |
Moderates | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 34 | 30 | 30 | 26 | 28 | 27 | 33 | 33 | 36 | 38 | 36 | 34 | 30 | 29 | 34 | 37 | 31 | ** | 27 | ** | 26 | ** | 30 | ** | 30 |
Conservatives | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 56 | 52 | 60 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 68 | 59 | 66 | 59 | 65 | 70 | 70 | 67 | 67 | 74 | 76 | ** | 76 | ** | 76 | ** | 83 | ** | 88 |