2024 Time Series Study

About the Dataset

Type of study: ANES Time Series Study

• Pre-election completions: 5,521 in total
• Post-election re-interviews: 4,964 in total

• Pre-election completions by sample: 1,042 fresh in-person sample, 2,308 fresh web sample, and 2,171 panel sample
• Post-election re-interviews by sample: 925 fresh in-person sample, 1,969 fresh web sample, and 2,070 panel sample

• Pre-election completions by mode: 966 face-to-face mode, 76 phone mode, 4,234 internet mode, and 245 paper-and-pencil mode
• Post-election re-interviews by mode: 354 face-to-face mode, 227 phone mode, 344 video mode, 3,839 internet mode, and 200 paper-and-pencil mode

Fresh Cross-Sectional Sample

• Consists of two samples: a fresh in-person sample and a fresh web sample
• Sample universe: U.S. eligible voters (cross-section)
• Sample composition: fresh cross-section cases
• Number of waves: 2 (pre-eIection, post-election)
• Modes used: face-to-face, web, video, phone, and paper-and-pencil

ANES 2016-2020-2024 Panel Sample

• Sample universe: ANES 2016 face-to-face and internet post-election respondents who completed the 2020 post-election study
• Sample composition: ANES 2016-2020 respondents
• Number of waves: 2 (pre-eIection, post-election)
• Modes used: web

Study Content Highlights

In addition to long-standing ANES content, the 2024 study added question batteries on more than fifteen new topic areas. Nearly 20% of the survey items (questions) were new to the study as of 2024.

Study Design Highlights

The ANES 2024 Time Series study conducted a pre-election survey between August 3, 2024 and November 5, 2024. Election Day was November 5, 2024. The study attempted to re-interview the same respondents using a postelection survey between November 7, 2024 and February 17, 2025.

The ANES 2024 Time Series Study consisted of a fresh in-person sample and a fresh web sample, both of which were recruited with address-based sampling. The study also administered a brief questionnaire to spouses and cohabiting partners of the fresh in-person sample and fresh web sample. In addition, the ANES 2024 Time Series Study sought to re-interview respondents to the ANES 2016-2020 Panel Study for a third election, extending the panel through 2024. Last, the ANES 2024 Time Series Study also re-interviewed respondents from the 2024 General Social Survey (GSS). Data from GSS participants will be separately released as part of the ANES-GSS 2024 Joint Study.

The ANES 2024 Time Series Study utilized a mixed-mode design involving face-to-face, web, video, phone, and paper-and-pencil interviews. The fresh in-person sample conducted pre-election interviews using face-to-face and phone, and post-election interviews using face-to-face, video, and phone. The fresh web sample conducted pre-election interviews primarily by web, with a paper-and-pencil questionnaire sent by mail as a follow-up to non-respondents. Post-election interviews for the fresh web sample were conducted by the same mode as in the pre-election. The 2016-2020-2024 ANES Panel sample and the General Social Survey (GSS) sample were interviewed by web both in the pre-election and post-election. Data from GSS participants will be separately released as part of the ANES-GSS 2024 Joint Study.

Weights Summary

Analyses should be weighted to accurately represent the population. Sampling error calculations should account for the complex sample design and the effects of weighting on variance. The data can be analyzed using various combinations of the available samples and modes. For more information about weighting, please refer to the User Guide.

Citation

American National Election Studies. 2025. ANES 2024 Time Series Study Full Release [dataset and documentation]. August 8, 2025 version. www.electionstudies.org